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People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that
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下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题2第
下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题2第
2.ASophisticatedDeviceforSophisticatedCommunicatio
Right
Wrong
Not mentioned
2.ASophisticatedDeviceforSophisticatedCommunicatio
Right
Wrong
Not mentioned
下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题2第
2.ASophisticatedDeviceforSophisticatedCommunicatio
Right
Wrong
Not mentioned
CellPhonesDoyoustillrememberafewyearsagowhenthepag
下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题2第
第二篇Cellphones:hanguporkeeptalking Millionsofpeopl
they’re popular.
they’re cheap.
they’re useful.
they’re convenient
第Ⅱ卷非选择题共35分注意事项1.第Ⅱ卷共2页用蓝黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔直接答在试卷中2.答卷前请将密封
WaystoprotectcellphonesfromdamageWhilepeopleusecel
WhichofthefollowingstatementsDOESNOTanswerthequest
There were more cell phone users during that period.
The number of cell phone users reached about 100 million.
More cell phones were used to call 911 when accidents occurred.
Cell phones enabled people to have quick access to 911 services.
Therearemillionsofusedcellphonesintheworldtoday.Mo
Therearemillionsofusedcellphonesintheworldtodaythe
2.ASophisticatedDeviceforSophisticatedCommunicatio
Right
Wrong
Not mentioned
CellPhones:HangUporKeepTalkingMillionsofpeopleareu
they’re popular.
they’re useful.
they’re cheap.
they’ re convenient.
Therearemillionsofusedcellphonesintheworldtodaythe
2.ASophisticatedDeviceforSophisticatedCommunicatio
Right
Wrong
Not mentioned
2.ASophisticatedDeviceforSophisticatedCommunicatio
Right
Wrong
Not mentioned
2.ASophisticatedDeviceforSophisticatedCommunicatio
Right
Wrong
Not mentioned
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第三篇 IstheTieaNecessity? TiesornecktieshavebeenasymbolofpolitenessandeleganceinBritainforcenturies.ButthecasualPrimeMinisterTonyBlairhasproblemswiththem.Reportssuggestthateventhecivilservantsmaystopwearingties.SoarethefamouslyformalBritishreallygoingtoabandontheneckties? Maybe.LastweektheUK’sCabinetSecretaryAndrewTurnbullopenlywelcomedatielessera.Fiehintedthatcivilservantswouldsoonbefreeofthecostliest12inchesoffabricthatmostmeneverbuyintheirlives. InfactBlairshowedthisattitudewhenhehadhisfirstgueststoacocktailparty.Manyofthemwerecelebrities知名人士withouttieswhichwouldhavebeenunimaginableevenintherecentpast. ForsomemoreconservativeBritishthetieisamustforproperappearance.EarlierLaborleaderJimCallaghansaidhewouldhavediedratherthanhavehischildrenseeninpublicwithoutatie.ForpeoplelikeCallaghanthetiewasasignofbeingcompleteofshowingrespect.Menweresupposedtowearatiewhengoingtochurchtoworkintheofficetoaparty-almosteverysocialoccasion. Buttodaypeoplehavebeguntoacceptacasualstyleevenforformaloccasions. Theoriginofthetieistricky.Itstartedassomethingcalledsimplyaband.Thetermcouldmeananythingaroundaman’sneck.Itappearedinfinerwaysinthe1630s.Frenchmenshowedaloveofthisparticularfashionstatement.Theirneckwear颈饰impressedCharlesIIthekingofEnglandwhowasexiled流放toFranceatthattime.WhenhereturnedtoEnglandin1660hebroughtthisnewfashionitemalongwithhim. Itwasn’thoweveruntilthelate18thcenturythatfancyyoungmenintroducedamorecolorfulflowingpieceofcloththateventuallybecameknownasthetie.Thenclubsmilitaryinstitutionsandschoolsbegantousecoloredaridpatternedtiestoindicatethewearer’smembershipinthelate19thcentury.AfterthatthetiebecameanecessaryitemofclothingforBritishgentlemen. Butnowevengentlemenaregettingtiredofties.Anywaythedayfeelsabiteasierwhenyouwakeupwithouthavingtodecidewhichtiesuitsyouandyourmood. WhydoesBlairsometimesshowupinaformaleventwithoutatie?
Youshouldhave{{U}}blended{{/U}}thebutterwiththesugarthoroughly.
第二篇 WalkingRobotCarriesaPerson ThefirstwalkingrobotcapableofcarryingapersonunveiledonFridayinTokyoJapan.ItscreatorsatWasedaUniversityinTokyoandtheJapaneseroboticscompany Tmsukhopetheirtwo-leggedcreationwillonedayenablewheel-chairuserstoclimbupanddownthestairsandassistthemovementofheavygoodsoverunevenground. Thebattery-poweredrobotcode-namedWL-16isessentiallyanaluminiumchairmountedontwosetsoftelescopicpoles.Thepolesareboltedtoflatplateswhichactasfeet.WL-16uses12actuators传动装置tomoveforwardsbackwardsandsidewayswhilecarryinganadultweighingupto60kilograms130pounds.Therobotcanadjustitsbodyandwalksmoothlyevenifthepersonitiscarryingshiftsinthechair.Atpresentitcanonlystepupordownafewmillimetersbuttheteamplanstomakeitcapableofdealingwithanormalflightofstairs. Ibelievethisbipedal两足的robotwhichIprefertocallatwo-leggedwalkingchairratherthanawheel-chairwilleventuallyenablepeopletogoupanddownthestairssaidAtsuoTakanishifromWasedaUniversity. WehavehadstrongrobotsforsometimebutusuallytheyhavebeenmanipulatorstheyhavenotbeengearedtocarryingpeoplearoundsaysRonArkinattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyandroboticsconsultantforSony.ButIdon’tknowhowsafeandhowuser-friendlyWL-16is. TmsukchiefexecutiveYoichiTakamotoarguesthatbipedalormulti-leggedrobotswillbemoreusefulthanso-calledcaterpillar毛毛虫modelsformovingoverunevenground. WL-16’snormalwalkingstepmeasures30centimetresbutitcanstretchitslegsto136cmapart.Theprototype原型iscurrentlyradio-controlledbuttheresearchteamplanstoequipitwithastick-likecontrollerfortheuserinfuture.TakanishisaiditwilltakeatleasttwoyearstodeveloptheWL-16prototypeintoaworkingmodel. Smallerground-hugging紧贴地面行走的robotshavebeendevelopedtopassacrosstrickyground.Onemaggot-like像蛆一样的deviceusesamagneticfluidtopulseitswayalongwhileanothersnake-likerobotusessmartsoftwaretodevisenewmovementstrategiesifthelandscapeaffectsanyonepart.Oneball-shapedrobotevenusesaleap-and-bounceapproachtotraveloverroughterritory.Butnoneofthesearebigorstrongenoughtocarryapersontoo. WhichtypeofrobotisNOImentionedinthelastparagraph?
Thetwogirlslook{{U}}alike{{/U}}
ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidity Notaplanttobeseenthedesertgroundistoodry.Buttheaircontainswaterandresearchscientistshavefounda_____51ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity.Thesystemisbasedcompletelyonrenewableenergyandisthereforeautonomous. Crackspermeatethedried-outdesertgroundandthelandscapebearstestimonytothelackofwater.Butevenherewheretherearenolakesriversorgroundwaterconsiderablequantitiesofwaterarestoredintheair.IntheNegevdesertinIsraelforexampleannualaveragerelativeairhumidityis64percent—ineverycubicmeterofairthereare11.5millilitersofwater. Germanresearchscientistshavefoundawayofconvertingthisairhumidityautonomouslyintodrinkablewater.Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysources_____52thermalsolarcollectorsandphotovoltaiccells_____53makesthismethodcompletelyenergy-autonomous.Itwill_____54functioninregionswherethereisnoelectricalinfrastructuresaysSiegfriedEgnerheadoftheresearchteam.Theprincipleofthe_____55isasfollows:hygroscopicbrine—salinesolutionwhichabsorbsmoisture—runsdownatower-shapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair.Itisthensucked_____56atankafewmetersoffthegroundinwhichavacuumprevails.Energyfromsolarcollectors_____57upthebrinewhichisdilutedbythewaterithas_____58. Becauseofthevacuumtheboilingpointoftheliquidislowerthanitwouldbeunder_____59atmosphericpressure.Thiseffectisknownfromthemountains:astheatmosphericpressurethereislowerthaninthevalleywaterboilsattemperaturesdistinctlybelow100℃.Theevaporatednon-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner.Thegravityofthiswatercolumn_____60producesthevacuumandsoavacuumpumpisnotneeded.Thereconcentratedbrine_____61downthetowersurfaceagaintoabsorbmoisturefromtheair. Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater_____62.Single-personunitsandplantssupplyingwatertoentirehotelsareconceivablesaysEgner.Prototypeshavebeenbuiltfor_____63systemcomponents—airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation—andtheresearchscientistshavealready_____64theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale.Inafurther_____65theresearchersintendtodevelopademonstrationfacility.
第二篇 WalkingRobotCarriesaPerson ThefirstwalkingrobotcapableofcarryingapersonunveiledonFridayinTokyoJapan.ItscreatorsatWasedaUniversityinTokyoandtheJapaneseroboticscompany Tmsukhopetheirtwo-leggedcreationwillonedayenablewheel-chairuserstoclimbupanddownthestairsandassistthemovementofheavygoodsoverunevenground. Thebattery-poweredrobotcode-namedWL-16isessentiallyanaluminiumchairmountedontwosetsoftelescopicpoles.Thepolesareboltedtoflatplateswhichactasfeet.WL-16uses12actuators传动装置tomoveforwardsbackwardsandsidewayswhilecarryinganadultweighingupto60kilograms130pounds.Therobotcanadjustitsbodyandwalksmoothlyevenifthepersonitiscarryingshiftsinthechair.Atpresentitcanonlystepupordownafewmillimetersbuttheteamplanstomakeitcapableofdealingwithanormalflightofstairs. Ibelievethisbipedal两足的robotwhichIprefertocallatwo-leggedwalkingchairratherthanawheel-chairwilleventuallyenablepeopletogoupanddownthestairssaidAtsuoTakanishifromWasedaUniversity. WehavehadstrongrobotsforsometimebutusuallytheyhavebeenmanipulatorstheyhavenotbeengearedtocarryingpeoplearoundsaysRonArkinattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyandroboticsconsultantforSony.ButIdon’tknowhowsafeandhowuser-friendlyWL-16is. TmsukchiefexecutiveYoichiTakamotoarguesthatbipedalormulti-leggedrobotswillbemoreusefulthanso-calledcaterpillar毛毛虫modelsformovingoverunevenground. WL-16’snormalwalkingstepmeasures30centimetresbutitcanstretchitslegsto136cmapart.Theprototype原型iscurrentlyradio-controlledbuttheresearchteamplanstoequipitwithastick-likecontrollerfortheuserinfuture.TakanishisaiditwilltakeatleasttwoyearstodeveloptheWL-16prototypeintoaworkingmodel. Smallerground-hugging紧贴地面行走的robotshavebeendevelopedtopassacrosstrickyground.Onemaggot-like像蛆一样的deviceusesamagneticfluidtopulseitswayalongwhileanothersnake-likerobotusessmartsoftwaretodevisenewmovementstrategiesifthelandscapeaffectsanyonepart.Oneball-shapedrobotevenusesaleap-and-bounceapproachtotraveloverroughterritory.Butnoneofthesearebigorstrongenoughtocarryapersontoo. WhatdoesRonArkinthinkofWL-16?
Earthquake Howdoesanearthquakestart? Whatmakesanearthquakehappen?Therockoftheearth’scrust地壳mayhaveafault’akindofbreakinthesurface. Theblockswhichmakeuptheearthmoveandsometimesthismaycausethesidesofthefaulttomoveupanddownorlengthways纵向地againsteachother.Whenonepieceofrockstartstorubonanotherwithgreatforcealotofenergyisused.Thisenergyischangedintovibrations振动anditisthesevibrationsthatwereefasanearthquake.ThevibrationscantravelthousandsofkilometersandsoanearthquakeinTurkeymaybefeltinGreece. Whattododuringanearthquake? Atschool Assoonastheearthquakestartsstudentsshouldgetunderthedesksimmediatelyandwaituntiltheteachertellsthemitissafetocomeout.Theteachershouldatthesametimegoimmediatelytotheteacher’sdeskgetunderneath在下面itandstaytheretillthedangerisover.Studentsmustnotarguewiththeteacherorquestioninstructions. Assoonasthetremors震动stopallstudentsshouldwalktowardstheexitandgostraighttotheschoolplaygroundoranyopenspacesuchasasquareorapark.Theymustwaitthereuntiltheteachertellsthemitissafetogo. Athome Ifyouareathomewhentheearthquakeoccursgetimmediatelyunderthetableinthelivingroomorkitchen.Choosethebiggestandstrongesttableyoucanfind.Youmustnotgoanywherenearthewindowanddon’tgooutontothebalcony阳台.Oncethetremorshavestoppedyoucancomeoutfromunderthetablebutyoumustleavethebuildingstraightaway.Youshouldwalkdownthestairsandshouldnotusethelift-theremaybeapowercutasaresultoftheearthquakeandyoucouldfindyourselftrappedinsidetheliftforhours. Inthestreet Ifyouareinthestreetwhentheearthquaketakesplacedonotstandnearbuildingsfencesorwalls--moveawayasquicklyaspossiblearidtrytofindalargeopenspacetowaitin.Standingundertreescouldalsobedangerous. Ifyouareinthestreetwhenanearthquakeoccursstayinalargeopenspace
第一篇 RecyclingAroundtheWorld Recyclingisoneofthebestenvironmentalsuccessstoriesofthelate20thcentury.Butwecoulddomore.Peoplemustnotseerecycling.asfashionablebutessential. TheJapaneseareverygoodatrecyclingbecausetheyliveinacrowdedcountry. Theydonothavemuchspace.Theydonotwanttosharetheirlimitedspacewithrubbish.ButevensoTokyoareaaloneisestimatedtohavethreemilliontonsofleftoverrubbishatpresent. In1996theUnitedStatesrecycledandcomposted制成肥料57milliontonsofwaste27%ofthenation’ssolidwaste.Thisis57milliontonsofwastewhichdidnotgointolandfillsandincinerators焚化炉.Indoingthis7000rubbishcollectionprogrammesandrecyclingcentreshelpedtheauthorities. InRockfordacityinIllinoisUSitsofficialschooseonehouseeachweekandcheckitsgarbage废物.Ifthegarbagedoesnotcontainanynewspapersoraluminium铝cansthentheresidentofthehousegetsaprizeofatleast$1000. InJapancertaincitiesgivechildrenweeklysuppliesoftissuepaperandtoiletpaperinexchangeforaweeklycollectionofnewspapers. InoneyearBritainrecycles: ?1outofevery3newspapers. ?1outofevery4glassbottlesandjars罐子. ?1outofevery4itemsofclothing. ?1outofevery3aluminiumdrinkcans. In1999HongKongtransported1.3milliontonsofwastetomainlandChinaforrecycling.Around535000tonsofwastewererecycledinHongKongitself. Overhalfthethingswethrowawaycouldberecycled.Thatmeanswecouldrecycle10timesasmuchaswedonow. Howeverrecyclingneedsalotoforganisationandspecialequipment.Alsothereisnotmuchuseforsomerecycledmaterial. InJapanthenewspaperscollectedbychildren
Her{{U}}speciality{{/U}}isheartsurgery.
Earthquake Howdoesanearthquakestart? Whatmakesanearthquakehappen?Therockoftheearth’scrust地壳mayhaveafault’akindofbreakinthesurface. Theblockswhichmakeuptheearthmoveandsometimesthismaycausethesidesofthefaulttomoveupanddownorlengthways纵向地againsteachother.Whenonepieceofrockstartstorubonanotherwithgreatforcealotofenergyisused.Thisenergyischangedintovibrations振动anditisthesevibrationsthatwereefasanearthquake.ThevibrationscantravelthousandsofkilometersandsoanearthquakeinTurkeymaybefeltinGreece. Whattododuringanearthquake? Atschool Assoonastheearthquakestartsstudentsshouldgetunderthedesksimmediatelyandwaituntiltheteachertellsthemitissafetocomeout.Theteachershouldatthesametimegoimmediatelytotheteacher’sdeskgetunderneath在下面itandstaytheretillthedangerisover.Studentsmustnotarguewiththeteacherorquestioninstructions. Assoonasthetremors震动stopallstudentsshouldwalktowardstheexitandgostraighttotheschoolplaygroundoranyopenspacesuchasasquareorapark.Theymustwaitthereuntiltheteachertellsthemitissafetogo. Athome Ifyouareathomewhentheearthquakeoccursgetimmediatelyunderthetableinthelivingroomorkitchen.Choosethebiggestandstrongesttableyoucanfind.Youmustnotgoanywherenearthewindowanddon’tgooutontothebalcony阳台.Oncethetremorshavestoppedyoucancomeoutfromunderthetablebutyoumustleavethebuildingstraightaway.Youshouldwalkdownthestairsandshouldnotusethelift-theremaybeapowercutasaresultoftheearthquakeandyoucouldfindyourselftrappedinsidetheliftforhours. Inthestreet Ifyouareinthestreetwhentheearthquaketakesplacedonotstandnearbuildingsfencesorwalls--moveawayasquicklyaspossiblearidtrytofindalargeopenspacetowaitin.Standingundertreescouldalsobedangerous. Peopleknewlongagohowanearthquakestarts
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ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidity Notaplanttobeseenthedesertgroundistoodry.Buttheaircontainswaterandresearchscientistshavefounda_____51ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity.Thesystemisbasedcompletelyonrenewableenergyandisthereforeautonomous. Crackspermeatethedried-outdesertgroundandthelandscapebearstestimonytothelackofwater.Butevenherewheretherearenolakesriversorgroundwaterconsiderablequantitiesofwaterarestoredintheair.IntheNegevdesertinIsraelforexampleannualaveragerelativeairhumidityis64percent—ineverycubicmeterofairthereare11.5millilitersofwater. Germanresearchscientistshavefoundawayofconvertingthisairhumidityautonomouslyintodrinkablewater.Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysources_____52thermalsolarcollectorsandphotovoltaiccells_____53makesthismethodcompletelyenergy-autonomous.Itwill_____54functioninregionswherethereisnoelectricalinfrastructuresaysSiegfriedEgnerheadoftheresearchteam.Theprincipleofthe_____55isasfollows:hygroscopicbrine—salinesolutionwhichabsorbsmoisture—runsdownatower-shapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair.Itisthensucked_____56atankafewmetersoffthegroundinwhichavacuumprevails.Energyfromsolarcollectors_____57upthebrinewhichisdilutedbythewaterithas_____58. Becauseofthevacuumtheboilingpointoftheliquidislowerthanitwouldbeunder_____59atmosphericpressure.Thiseffectisknownfromthemountains:astheatmosphericpressurethereislowerthaninthevalleywaterboilsattemperaturesdistinctlybelow100℃.Theevaporatednon-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner.Thegravityofthiswatercolumn_____60producesthevacuumandsoavacuumpumpisnotneeded.Thereconcentratedbrine_____61downthetowersurfaceagaintoabsorbmoisturefromtheair. Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater_____62.Single-personunitsandplantssupplyingwatertoentirehotelsareconceivablesaysEgner.Prototypeshavebeenbuiltfor_____63systemcomponents—airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation—andtheresearchscientistshavealready_____64theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale.Inafurther_____65theresearchersintendtodevelopademonstrationfacility.
Earthquake Howdoesanearthquakestart? Whatmakesanearthquakehappen?Therockoftheearth’scrust地壳mayhaveafault’akindofbreakinthesurface. Theblockswhichmakeuptheearthmoveandsometimesthismaycausethesidesofthefaulttomoveupanddownorlengthways纵向地againsteachother.Whenonepieceofrockstartstorubonanotherwithgreatforcealotofenergyisused.Thisenergyischangedintovibrations振动anditisthesevibrationsthatwereefasanearthquake.ThevibrationscantravelthousandsofkilometersandsoanearthquakeinTurkeymaybefeltinGreece. Whattododuringanearthquake? Atschool Assoonastheearthquakestartsstudentsshouldgetunderthedesksimmediatelyandwaituntiltheteachertellsthemitissafetocomeout.Theteachershouldatthesametimegoimmediatelytotheteacher’sdeskgetunderneath在下面itandstaytheretillthedangerisover.Studentsmustnotarguewiththeteacherorquestioninstructions. Assoonasthetremors震动stopallstudentsshouldwalktowardstheexitandgostraighttotheschoolplaygroundoranyopenspacesuchasasquareorapark.Theymustwaitthereuntiltheteachertellsthemitissafetogo. Athome Ifyouareathomewhentheearthquakeoccursgetimmediatelyunderthetableinthelivingroomorkitchen.Choosethebiggestandstrongesttableyoucanfind.Youmustnotgoanywherenearthewindowanddon’tgooutontothebalcony阳台.Oncethetremorshavestoppedyoucancomeoutfromunderthetablebutyoumustleavethebuildingstraightaway.Youshouldwalkdownthestairsandshouldnotusethelift-theremaybeapowercutasaresultoftheearthquakeandyoucouldfindyourselftrappedinsidetheliftforhours. Inthestreet Ifyouareinthestreetwhentheearthquaketakesplacedonotstandnearbuildingsfencesorwalls--moveawayasquicklyaspossiblearidtrytofindalargeopenspacetowaitin.Standingundertreescouldalsobedangerous. Ifyouareathomewhenanearthquakeoccursstandnearabigtable
Iwasn’t{{U}}qualified{{/U}}forthejobreallybutIgotitanyhow
Earthquake Howdoesanearthquakestart? Whatmakesanearthquakehappen?Therockoftheearth’scrust地壳mayhaveafault’akindofbreakinthesurface. Theblockswhichmakeuptheearthmoveandsometimesthismaycausethesidesofthefaulttomoveupanddownorlengthways纵向地againsteachother.Whenonepieceofrockstartstorubonanotherwithgreatforcealotofenergyisused.Thisenergyischangedintovibrations振动anditisthesevibrationsthatwereefasanearthquake.ThevibrationscantravelthousandsofkilometersandsoanearthquakeinTurkeymaybefeltinGreece. Whattododuringanearthquake? Atschool Assoonastheearthquakestartsstudentsshouldgetunderthedesksimmediatelyandwaituntiltheteachertellsthemitissafetocomeout.Theteachershouldatthesametimegoimmediatelytotheteacher’sdeskgetunderneath在下面itandstaytheretillthedangerisover.Studentsmustnotarguewiththeteacherorquestioninstructions. Assoonasthetremors震动stopallstudentsshouldwalktowardstheexitandgostraighttotheschoolplaygroundoranyopenspacesuchasasquareorapark.Theymustwaitthereuntiltheteachertellsthemitissafetogo. Athome Ifyouareathomewhentheearthquakeoccursgetimmediatelyunderthetableinthelivingroomorkitchen.Choosethebiggestandstrongesttableyoucanfind.Youmustnotgoanywherenearthewindowanddon’tgooutontothebalcony阳台.Oncethetremorshavestoppedyoucancomeoutfromunderthetablebutyoumustleavethebuildingstraightaway.Youshouldwalkdownthestairsandshouldnotusethelift-theremaybeapowercutasaresultoftheearthquakeandyoucouldfindyourselftrappedinsidetheliftforhours. Inthestreet Ifyouareinthestreetwhentheearthquaketakesplacedonotstandnearbuildingsfencesorwalls--moveawayasquicklyaspossiblearidtrytofindalargeopenspacetowaitin.Standingundertreescouldalsobedangerous. Assoonasanearthquakeoccursstudentsshouldleavethebuilding
ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidity Notaplanttobeseenthedesertgroundistoodry.Buttheaircontainswaterandresearchscientistshavefounda_____51ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity.Thesystemisbasedcompletelyonrenewableenergyandisthereforeautonomous. Crackspermeatethedried-outdesertgroundandthelandscapebearstestimonytothelackofwater.Butevenherewheretherearenolakesriversorgroundwaterconsiderablequantitiesofwaterarestoredintheair.IntheNegevdesertinIsraelforexampleannualaveragerelativeairhumidityis64percent—ineverycubicmeterofairthereare11.5millilitersofwater. Germanresearchscientistshavefoundawayofconvertingthisairhumidityautonomouslyintodrinkablewater.Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysources_____52thermalsolarcollectorsandphotovoltaiccells_____53makesthismethodcompletelyenergy-autonomous.Itwill_____54functioninregionswherethereisnoelectricalinfrastructuresaysSiegfriedEgnerheadoftheresearchteam.Theprincipleofthe_____55isasfollows:hygroscopicbrine—salinesolutionwhichabsorbsmoisture—runsdownatower-shapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair.Itisthensucked_____56atankafewmetersoffthegroundinwhichavacuumprevails.Energyfromsolarcollectors_____57upthebrinewhichisdilutedbythewaterithas_____58. Becauseofthevacuumtheboilingpointoftheliquidislowerthanitwouldbeunder_____59atmosphericpressure.Thiseffectisknownfromthemountains:astheatmosphericpressurethereislowerthaninthevalleywaterboilsattemperaturesdistinctlybelow100℃.Theevaporatednon-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner.Thegravityofthiswatercolumn_____60producesthevacuumandsoavacuumpumpisnotneeded.Thereconcentratedbrine_____61downthetowersurfaceagaintoabsorbmoisturefromtheair. Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater_____62.Single-personunitsandplantssupplyingwatertoentirehotelsareconceivablesaysEgner.Prototypeshavebeenbuiltfor_____63systemcomponents—airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation—andtheresearchscientistshavealready_____64theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale.Inafurther_____65theresearchersintendtodevelopademonstrationfacility.
FemaleBullfighting Itwasauniqueeye-catchingsight:anattractivewomaninashinybullfighter’ssuitswordinhandfacingthesharphornsofablack500-kilogrambeast. MostpeoplethoughtthedaysoffemalebullfightingwereoverinSpain_____46 ThefirstwomanfighterCristinaSanchezquitin1999becauseofmalediscrimination歧视ButVegaisdeterminedtobreakintowhatcouldbeSpain’smostresistantmalefield_____47 Spanishwomenhaveconqueredalmostallmaleprofessions._____48Thebulldoesnotaskforyouridentitycardshesaidinaninterviewafewyearsago.Sheinsistedthatshebejudgedforherskillsratherthanherfemaleness. Vegabecameamatador斗牛士in1997inthesouthwesterncityofCaceres._____49SheenteredabullfightingschoolinMalagaatagenineandperformedherfirstmajorbullfightatage14.ShehasfacedasmuchoppositionasSanchezdid.AndthedifficultieshavemadehergrowintoaverystrongbullfighterherbrotherJorgesays. The1.68-metretallandsomewhatshyVegasaysherloveofbullfightingdoesnotmakeheranylessofawoman._____50
27Itismoredifficultfortoday’sathletes. 28Wedon’tknowifthereisalimit. 29Researchhashelpedcoaches. 30Scientificadvancesaresuspected.
Jackisa{{U}}diligent{{/U}}student
ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidity Notaplanttobeseenthedesertgroundistoodry.Buttheaircontainswaterandresearchscientistshavefounda_____51ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity.Thesystemisbasedcompletelyonrenewableenergyandisthereforeautonomous. Crackspermeatethedried-outdesertgroundandthelandscapebearstestimonytothelackofwater.Butevenherewheretherearenolakesriversorgroundwaterconsiderablequantitiesofwaterarestoredintheair.IntheNegevdesertinIsraelforexampleannualaveragerelativeairhumidityis64percent—ineverycubicmeterofairthereare11.5millilitersofwater. Germanresearchscientistshavefoundawayofconvertingthisairhumidityautonomouslyintodrinkablewater.Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysources_____52thermalsolarcollectorsandphotovoltaiccells_____53makesthismethodcompletelyenergy-autonomous.Itwill_____54functioninregionswherethereisnoelectricalinfrastructuresaysSiegfriedEgnerheadoftheresearchteam.Theprincipleofthe_____55isasfollows:hygroscopicbrine—salinesolutionwhichabsorbsmoisture—runsdownatower-shapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair.Itisthensucked_____56atankafewmetersoffthegroundinwhichavacuumprevails.Energyfromsolarcollectors_____57upthebrinewhichisdilutedbythewaterithas_____58. Becauseofthevacuumtheboilingpointoftheliquidislowerthanitwouldbeunder_____59atmosphericpressure.Thiseffectisknownfromthemountains:astheatmosphericpressurethereislowerthaninthevalleywaterboilsattemperaturesdistinctlybelow100℃.Theevaporatednon-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner.Thegravityofthiswatercolumn_____60producesthevacuumandsoavacuumpumpisnotneeded.Thereconcentratedbrine_____61downthetowersurfaceagaintoabsorbmoisturefromtheair. Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater_____62.Single-personunitsandplantssupplyingwatertoentirehotelsareconceivablesaysEgner.Prototypeshavebeenbuiltfor_____63systemcomponents—airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation—andtheresearchscientistshavealready_____64theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale.Inafurther_____65theresearchersintendtodevelopademonstrationfacility.
TheScienceofSport 1Atthe2004OlympicGamesinAthenstheChineseathleteLiuXiangequaledtheworldrecordforthe110metreshurdles跨栏whenherantheracein12.91seconds.Thisrecordtimehadbeensetin1993byBritishsprinter短跑运动员ColinJacksonand9yearswentbybeforeanotherathletewasabletorunasfast. 2Record-breakinginalltrackeventsisslowingdownandweappeartobemovingmuchclosertothelimitsofhumanperformance.Neverthelesseveryfouryearsrecordswhichwerepreviouslythoughttobeunbeatablearebroken.Sowhat’sbehindthisnever-endingimprovementinperformanceAndhowlongcanwekeepbreakingrecordsIstherealimittohumanperformanceorwillathletescontinuetogainseconds 3Mostexpertsagreethatitisn’ttheathletes’bodieswhichhavechangedbutthehugeadvancesinsportsciencewhichhaveenabledthemtoimprovetheirperformances.Theindividualathleteobviouslyhastohavethenecessaryskillanddeterminationtosucceedbutthehelpofscienceandtechnologycanbesignificant.Researchhasbroughtabetterunderstandingoftheathlete’sbodyandmindbuttheadvancesinsportsequipmenttechnologyhavealsohadanimportantimpactonhumanperformance. 4Scientistshaveshownthatanathlete’sbody’sneedsvaryaccordingtothetypeofsport.Thisresearchhashelpedtopsportspeopletoadapttheirtrainingprogrammeanddietbettertotheirparticularneeds.Runningthemarathonandcyclingforexampleareendurance耐力sportsandrequireadifferentparathion硝苯硫磷脂tothatofa100-metresprinter.Insomesportschangesintechniqueshavesignificantlyimprovedperformance. 5Butinanysportaplayer’ssuccessorfailureresultsfromacombinationofbothphysicalandmentalabilities.Mostcoachesusepsychologicaltechniquestohelptheirathletescopewithstressandconcentrateontheirperformance.ForexampletheEnglishfootballteamlistenstomusicinthechangingroomsbeforeagametohelptheplayersrelaxandnotfeelsonervous.Beforeadifficultmatchtennisplayersareencouragedtousevisualization相象techniquestobuildconfidenceandthisisalmostasgoodaspractice. 6ButassciencebeginstodominatesportareweindangeroflosingsightoftheheartofthecompetitionthesportingchallengeWhat’smorearealltheseadvantagesfair 23Paragraph2___________ 24Paragraph3___________ 25Paragraph4___________ 26Paragraph5___________
ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidity Notaplanttobeseenthedesertgroundistoodry.Buttheaircontainswaterandresearchscientistshavefounda_____51ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity.Thesystemisbasedcompletelyonrenewableenergyandisthereforeautonomous. Crackspermeatethedried-outdesertgroundandthelandscapebearstestimonytothelackofwater.Butevenherewheretherearenolakesriversorgroundwaterconsiderablequantitiesofwaterarestoredintheair.IntheNegevdesertinIsraelforexampleannualaveragerelativeairhumidityis64percent—ineverycubicmeterofairthereare11.5millilitersofwater. Germanresearchscientistshavefoundawayofconvertingthisairhumidityautonomouslyintodrinkablewater.Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysources_____52thermalsolarcollectorsandphotovoltaiccells_____53makesthismethodcompletelyenergy-autonomous.Itwill_____54functioninregionswherethereisnoelectricalinfrastructuresaysSiegfriedEgnerheadoftheresearchteam.Theprincipleofthe_____55isasfollows:hygroscopicbrine—salinesolutionwhichabsorbsmoisture—runsdownatower-shapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair.Itisthensucked_____56atankafewmetersoffthegroundinwhichavacuumprevails.Energyfromsolarcollectors_____57upthebrinewhichisdilutedbythewaterithas_____58. Becauseofthevacuumtheboilingpointoftheliquidislowerthanitwouldbeunder_____59atmosphericpressure.Thiseffectisknownfromthemountains:astheatmosphericpressurethereislowerthaninthevalleywaterboilsattemperaturesdistinctlybelow100℃.Theevaporatednon-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner.Thegravityofthiswatercolumn_____60producesthevacuumandsoavacuumpumpisnotneeded.Thereconcentratedbrine_____61downthetowersurfaceagaintoabsorbmoisturefromtheair. Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater_____62.Single-personunitsandplantssupplyingwatertoentirehotelsareconceivablesaysEgner.Prototypeshavebeenbuiltfor_____63systemcomponents—airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation—andtheresearchscientistshavealready_____64theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale.Inafurther_____65theresearchersintendtodevelopademonstrationfacility.
FemaleBullfighting Itwasauniqueeye-catchingsight:anattractivewomaninashinybullfighter’ssuitswordinhandfacingthesharphornsofablack500-kilogrambeast. MostpeoplethoughtthedaysoffemalebullfightingwereoverinSpain_____46 ThefirstwomanfighterCristinaSanchezquitin1999becauseofmalediscrimination歧视ButVegaisdeterminedtobreakintowhatcouldbeSpain’smostresistantmalefield_____47 Spanishwomenhaveconqueredalmostallmaleprofessions._____48Thebulldoesnotaskforyouridentitycardshesaidinaninterviewafewyearsago.Sheinsistedthatshebejudgedforherskillsratherthanherfemaleness. Vegabecameamatador斗牛士in1997inthesouthwesterncityofCaceres._____49SheenteredabullfightingschoolinMalagaatagenineandperformedherfirstmajorbullfightatage14.ShehasfacedasmuchoppositionasSanchezdid.AndthedifficultieshavemadehergrowintoaverystrongbullfighterherbrotherJorgesays. The1.68-metretallandsomewhatshyVegasaysherloveofbullfightingdoesnotmakeheranylessofawoman._____50
TheScienceofSport 1Atthe2004OlympicGamesinAthenstheChineseathleteLiuXiangequaledtheworldrecordforthe110metreshurdles跨栏whenherantheracein12.91seconds.Thisrecordtimehadbeensetin1993byBritishsprinter短跑运动员ColinJacksonand9yearswentbybeforeanotherathletewasabletorunasfast. 2Record-breakinginalltrackeventsisslowingdownandweappeartobemovingmuchclosertothelimitsofhumanperformance.Neverthelesseveryfouryearsrecordswhichwerepreviouslythoughttobeunbeatablearebroken.Sowhat’sbehindthisnever-endingimprovementinperformanceAndhowlongcanwekeepbreakingrecordsIstherealimittohumanperformanceorwillathletescontinuetogainseconds 3Mostexpertsagreethatitisn’ttheathletes’bodieswhichhavechangedbutthehugeadvancesinsportsciencewhichhaveenabledthemtoimprovetheirperformances.Theindividualathleteobviouslyhastohavethenecessaryskillanddeterminationtosucceedbutthehelpofscienceandtechnologycanbesignificant.Researchhasbroughtabetterunderstandingoftheathlete’sbodyandmindbuttheadvancesinsportsequipmenttechnologyhavealsohadanimportantimpactonhumanperformance. 4Scientistshaveshownthatanathlete’sbody’sneedsvaryaccordingtothetypeofsport.Thisresearchhashelpedtopsportspeopletoadapttheirtrainingprogrammeanddietbettertotheirparticularneeds.Runningthemarathonandcyclingforexampleareendurance耐力sportsandrequireadifferentparathion硝苯硫磷脂tothatofa100-metresprinter.Insomesportschangesintechniqueshavesignificantlyimprovedperformance. 5Butinanysportaplayer’ssuccessorfailureresultsfromacombinationofbothphysicalandmentalabilities.Mostcoachesusepsychologicaltechniquestohelptheirathletescopewithstressandconcentrateontheirperformance.ForexampletheEnglishfootballteamlistenstomusicinthechangingroomsbeforeagametohelptheplayersrelaxandnotfeelsonervous.Beforeadifficultmatchtennisplayersareencouragedtousevisualization相象techniquestobuildconfidenceandthisisalmostasgoodaspractice. 6ButassciencebeginstodominatesportareweindangeroflosingsightoftheheartofthecompetitionthesportingchallengeWhat’smorearealltheseadvantagesfair 23Paragraph2___________ 24Paragraph3___________ 25Paragraph4___________ 26Paragraph5___________
第一篇 RecyclingAroundtheWorld Recyclingisoneofthebestenvironmentalsuccessstoriesofthelate20thcentury.Butwecoulddomore.Peoplemustnotseerecycling.asfashionablebutessential. TheJapaneseareverygoodatrecyclingbecausetheyliveinacrowdedcountry. Theydonothavemuchspace.Theydonotwanttosharetheirlimitedspacewithrubbish.ButevensoTokyoareaaloneisestimatedtohavethreemilliontonsofleftoverrubbishatpresent. In1996theUnitedStatesrecycledandcomposted制成肥料57milliontonsofwaste27%ofthenation’ssolidwaste.Thisis57milliontonsofwastewhichdidnotgointolandfillsandincinerators焚化炉.Indoingthis7000rubbishcollectionprogrammesandrecyclingcentreshelpedtheauthorities. InRockfordacityinIllinoisUSitsofficialschooseonehouseeachweekandcheckitsgarbage废物.Ifthegarbagedoesnotcontainanynewspapersoraluminium铝cansthentheresidentofthehousegetsaprizeofatleast$1000. InJapancertaincitiesgivechildrenweeklysuppliesoftissuepaperandtoiletpaperinexchangeforaweeklycollectionofnewspapers. InoneyearBritainrecycles: ?1outofevery3newspapers. ?1outofevery4glassbottlesandjars罐子. ?1outofevery4itemsofclothing. ?1outofevery3aluminiumdrinkcans. In1999HongKongtransported1.3milliontonsofwastetomainlandChinaforrecycling.Around535000tonsofwastewererecycledinHongKongitself. Overhalfthethingswethrowawaycouldberecycled.Thatmeanswecouldrecycle10timesasmuchaswedonow. Howeverrecyclingneedsalotoforganisationandspecialequipment.Alsothereisnotmuchuseforsomerecycledmaterial. HowmuchwastedidtheUSrecyclein1996?
第三篇 IstheTieaNecessity? TiesornecktieshavebeenasymbolofpolitenessandeleganceinBritainforcenturies.ButthecasualPrimeMinisterTonyBlairhasproblemswiththem.Reportssuggestthateventhecivilservantsmaystopwearingties.SoarethefamouslyformalBritishreallygoingtoabandontheneckties? Maybe.LastweektheUK’sCabinetSecretaryAndrewTurnbullopenlywelcomedatielessera.Fiehintedthatcivilservantswouldsoonbefreeofthecostliest12inchesoffabricthatmostmeneverbuyintheirlives. InfactBlairshowedthisattitudewhenhehadhisfirstgueststoacocktailparty.Manyofthemwerecelebrities知名人士withouttieswhichwouldhavebeenunimaginableevenintherecentpast. ForsomemoreconservativeBritishthetieisamustforproperappearance.EarlierLaborleaderJimCallaghansaidhewouldhavediedratherthanhavehischildrenseeninpublicwithoutatie.ForpeoplelikeCallaghanthetiewasasignofbeingcompleteofshowingrespect.Menweresupposedtowearatiewhengoingtochurchtoworkintheofficetoaparty-almosteverysocialoccasion. Buttodaypeoplehavebeguntoacceptacasualstyleevenforformaloccasions. Theoriginofthetieistricky.Itstartedassomethingcalledsimplyaband.Thetermcouldmeananythingaroundaman’sneck.Itappearedinfinerwaysinthe1630s.Frenchmenshowedaloveofthisparticularfashionstatement.Theirneckwear颈饰impressedCharlesIIthekingofEnglandwhowasexiled流放toFranceatthattime.WhenhereturnedtoEnglandin1660hebroughtthisnewfashionitemalongwithhim. Itwasn’thoweveruntilthelate18thcenturythatfancyyoungmenintroducedamorecolorfulflowingpieceofcloththateventuallybecameknownasthetie.Thenclubsmilitaryinstitutionsandschoolsbegantousecoloredaridpatternedtiestoindicatethewearer’smembershipinthelate19thcentury.AfterthatthetiebecameanecessaryitemofclothingforBritishgentlemen. Butnowevengentlemenaregettingtiredofties.Anywaythedayfeelsabiteasierwhenyouwakeupwithouthavingtodecidewhichtiesuitsyouandyourmood. WhobroughttheFrenchmen’sneckweartoBritain?
Everybodywas{{U}}glad{{/U}}toseeMaryback
第二篇 WalkingRobotCarriesaPerson ThefirstwalkingrobotcapableofcarryingapersonunveiledonFridayinTokyoJapan.ItscreatorsatWasedaUniversityinTokyoandtheJapaneseroboticscompany Tmsukhopetheirtwo-leggedcreationwillonedayenablewheel-chairuserstoclimbupanddownthestairsandassistthemovementofheavygoodsoverunevenground. Thebattery-poweredrobotcode-namedWL-16isessentiallyanaluminiumchairmountedontwosetsoftelescopicpoles.Thepolesareboltedtoflatplateswhichactasfeet.WL-16uses12actuators传动装置tomoveforwardsbackwardsandsidewayswhilecarryinganadultweighingupto60kilograms130pounds.Therobotcanadjustitsbodyandwalksmoothlyevenifthepersonitiscarryingshiftsinthechair.Atpresentitcanonlystepupordownafewmillimetersbuttheteamplanstomakeitcapableofdealingwithanormalflightofstairs. Ibelievethisbipedal两足的robotwhichIprefertocallatwo-leggedwalkingchairratherthanawheel-chairwilleventuallyenablepeopletogoupanddownthestairssaidAtsuoTakanishifromWasedaUniversity. WehavehadstrongrobotsforsometimebutusuallytheyhavebeenmanipulatorstheyhavenotbeengearedtocarryingpeoplearoundsaysRonArkinattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyandroboticsconsultantforSony.ButIdon’tknowhowsafeandhowuser-friendlyWL-16is. TmsukchiefexecutiveYoichiTakamotoarguesthatbipedalormulti-leggedrobotswillbemoreusefulthanso-calledcaterpillar毛毛虫modelsformovingoverunevenground. WL-16’snormalwalkingstepmeasures30centimetresbutitcanstretchitslegsto136cmapart.Theprototype原型iscurrentlyradio-controlledbuttheresearchteamplanstoequipitwithastick-likecontrollerfortheuserinfuture.TakanishisaiditwilltakeatleasttwoyearstodeveloptheWL-16prototypeintoaworkingmodel. Smallerground-hugging紧贴地面行走的robotshavebeendevelopedtopassacrosstrickyground.Onemaggot-like像蛆一样的deviceusesamagneticfluidtopulseitswayalongwhileanothersnake-likerobotusessmartsoftwaretodevisenewmovementstrategiesifthelandscapeaffectsanyonepart.Oneball-shapedrobotevenusesaleap-and-bounceapproachtotraveloverroughterritory.Butnoneofthesearebigorstrongenoughtocarryapersontoo. TherobotpresentedtothepubliconFridayinTokyoJapan
ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidity Notaplanttobeseenthedesertgroundistoodry.Buttheaircontainswaterandresearchscientistshavefounda_____51ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity.Thesystemisbasedcompletelyonrenewableenergyandisthereforeautonomous. Crackspermeatethedried-outdesertgroundandthelandscapebearstestimonytothelackofwater.Butevenherewheretherearenolakesriversorgroundwaterconsiderablequantitiesofwaterarestoredintheair.IntheNegevdesertinIsraelforexampleannualaveragerelativeairhumidityis64percent—ineverycubicmeterofairthereare11.5millilitersofwater. Germanresearchscientistshavefoundawayofconvertingthisairhumidityautonomouslyintodrinkablewater.Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysources_____52thermalsolarcollectorsandphotovoltaiccells_____53makesthismethodcompletelyenergy-autonomous.Itwill_____54functioninregionswherethereisnoelectricalinfrastructuresaysSiegfriedEgnerheadoftheresearchteam.Theprincipleofthe_____55isasfollows:hygroscopicbrine—salinesolutionwhichabsorbsmoisture—runsdownatower-shapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair.Itisthensucked_____56atankafewmetersoffthegroundinwhichavacuumprevails.Energyfromsolarcollectors_____57upthebrinewhichisdilutedbythewaterithas_____58. Becauseofthevacuumtheboilingpointoftheliquidislowerthanitwouldbeunder_____59atmosphericpressure.Thiseffectisknownfromthemountains:astheatmosphericpressurethereislowerthaninthevalleywaterboilsattemperaturesdistinctlybelow100℃.Theevaporatednon-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner.Thegravityofthiswatercolumn_____60producesthevacuumandsoavacuumpumpisnotneeded.Thereconcentratedbrine_____61downthetowersurfaceagaintoabsorbmoisturefromtheair. Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater_____62.Single-personunitsandplantssupplyingwatertoentirehotelsareconceivablesaysEgner.Prototypeshavebeenbuiltfor_____63systemcomponents—airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation—andtheresearchscientistshavealready_____64theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale.Inafurther_____65theresearchersintendtodevelopademonstrationfacility.
27Itismoredifficultfortoday’sathletes. 28Wedon’tknowifthereisalimit. 29Researchhashelpedcoaches. 30Scientificadvancesaresuspected.
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