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阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 ...
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? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
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BathingIntheSea BathingintheseainEnglandahundredyearsagowasnotquitethelight-heartedamusementthatitistoday.Therearenorunningdownfromthehoteltothebeachinabathrobe长袍nosunbathingorlyingaboutonthesandsinbathing-dressesafterthedip.Everythinghadtobedoneinanorderlyandextremelypolitemanner.Mixedbathingwasnotallowedanywhere.Menandwomeneachhadtheirseparatepartofthebeachandtheywerenotsupposedtomeetinthewater. Bathingclotheswerealsocloselycontrolled.Menusuallyworesimplebathingdrawersandnomorebutwomenwereobligedtowearthickcumbersomewoolengarmentsthatcoveredthemcompletelyfromheadtofoot.Thesesatisfiedthedemandsofmodestybuttheymusthavebeenextremelyuncomfortableforswimming. Eventhusdecentlycoveredwomenwerenotsupposedtoshowthemselvesonthebeachwhileinbathingattire浴衣.Theyhadtowaittheirturnforabathingmachineasortofwoodencabinonwheelswhichwasdrawnrightdowntothewatersedgebyhorses.Onitsseawardsideasortofhoodorcanopy罩盖stretchedoutwardsanddownwardsoverthewatercompletelyhidingthebatheruntilshewasactuallyintheseaTherewasabathingwomaninattendancepartofwhosedutywastodipinotherwordstoseizethebatherassoonassheemergedanddipherforciblyunderwatertwoorthreetimes.Thiswassupposedtobeforthebenefitofherhealthandnodoubtitwasallrightinthehandsofthegentle.Butmostbathingwomenwerethereverseofgentleandtobedippedbythemmusthavebeenastrenuousformofexercise. Mostbathing-womenwere______.
AdaptationofLivingThings Certainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironmentbetterthanothersoftheirkind.Thisnaturalbiologicalprocessiscalledadaptation.Amongthesuperiorcharacteristicsdevelopedthroughadaptationarethosethatmayhelpingettingfoodorshelterinprovidingprotectionandinproducingandprotectingtheyoung.Thatresultsintheevolutionofmoreandmoreorganismsthatarebetterfittedtotheirenvironments. Eachlivingthingisadaptedtoitswayoflifeinageneralwaybuteachisadaptedespeciallytoitsowndistinctclass.Aplantforexampledependsuponitsrootstofixitselffirmlyandtoabsorbwaterandinorganicchemicals.Itdependsuponitsgreenleavesforusingthesun’’senergytomakefoodfrominorganicchemicals.Thesearegeneraladaptationscommontomostplants.Inadditiontherearespecialadaptationsthatonlycertainkindsofplantshave. Manyanimalshaveadaptationsthathelpthemescapefromtheirenemies.Someinsectsarehiddenbytheirbodycolororshapeandmanylooklikealeaforalittlebranch.Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings.Manyanimalshavetheabilitytoremaincompletelystillwhenanenemyisnear. Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptintheirstructurefunctionandgenetics;intheirdevelopmentandproductionoftheyoung;andinotherrespects.Anorganismmaycreateitswonenvironmentasdowarm-bloodedmammalswhichhavetheabilitytoadjustbodyheatexactlytomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather.Usuallyadaptationsareanadvantagebutsometimesanorganismissowelladaptedtoaparticularenvironmentthatifconditionschangeitfindsitdifficultorimpossibletoreadapttothenewconditions. Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethatthefeathersofabirdcarecolored______.
Biotechnology Biotechnologyinoneformoranotherhasflourishedsinceprehistorictimes.Whenthefirsthumanbeingsrealizedthattheycouldplanttheirowncropsandbreedtheirownanimalstheylearnedtousebiotechnology.Thediscoverythatfruitjuicesfermented发酵inwineorthatmilkcouldbeconvertedintocheeseoryogurt酸乳酶orthatbeercouldbemadebyfermentingsolutionsofmalt麦芽andhops啤酒花beganthestudyofbiotechnology.Whenthefirstbakersfoundthattheycouldmakeasoftspongy多乳的breadratherthanafirmthincrackertheywe’’reactingasfledgling缺乏经验的biotechnologists.Thefirstanimalbreedersrealizingthatdifferentphysicaltraitscouldbeeithermagnifiedorlostbymatingappropriatepairsofanimalsengagedinthemanipulationsofbiotechnology. Whatthenisbiotechnology?Thetermbringstominddifferentthings.Somethinkofdevelopingnewtypesofanimals.Othersdreamofalmostunlimitedsourcesofhumantherapeutic治疗的drugs.Stillothersenvision想象thepossibilityofgrowingcropsthataremorenutritious有养分的andnaturallypest-resistant有抵抗力的tofeedarapidlygrowingworldpopulation.Thisquestionelicits引发almostasmanyfirst-thoughtresponsesastherearepeopletowhomthequestioncanbeposed.Initspurestformthetermbiotechnologyreferstotheuseoflivingorganismsortheirproductstomodifyhumanhealthandthehumanenvironment.Prehistoricbiotechnologistsdidthisastheyusedyeastcellstoraisebreaddough生面团andtofermentalcoholicbeveragesandbacterialcellstomakecheesesandyogurtsandastheybredtheirstrongproductiveanimalstomakeevenstrongerandmoreproductiveoffspring.Throughouthumanhistorywehavelearnedagreatdealaboutthedifferentorganismsthatourancestorsusedsoeffectively.Themarkedincreaseinourunderstandingoftheseorganismsandtheircellproductsgainsustheabilitytocontrolthemanyfunctionsofvariouscellsandorganisms.Usingthetechniquesofgenesplicing叠接andrecombineDNAtechnologywecannowactuallycombinethegeneticelementsoftwoormorelivingcells.FunctioninglengthsofDNAcanbetakenfromoneorganismandplacedintothecellsofanotherorganism.Asaresultforexamplewecancausebacterialcellstoproducehumanmoleculescowscanproducemoremilkorthesameamountoffeedandwecansynthesizetherapeuticmoleculesthathaveneverbeforeexisted. Thetermbiotechnologymaybringdifferentthingstomindexcept______.
IsThisASenselessNotion? Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhentheyare18andthetruthisfarfromthatsociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsinsays.Todayunexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents.ThereisamajorshiftinthemiddleclassdeclaressociologistAllanSchnailbergofNorthwesternUniversitywhoseson19movedbackafteranabsenceofeightmonths. Analysisciteavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenest.Themarriageageisrisingaconditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople.Ahighdivorcerateandadecliningremarriageratearemakingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalshelters.Forsometheexpenseofanaway-fromhomecollegeeducationhasbecomesoexcessivelygreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Evenaftergraduationyoungpeoplefindtheirwingsclippedbytheskyrocketinghousingcosts. LivingathomesaysKnightonaschoolteachercontinuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupport.Hermotheragreed.It’’sridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrent.Itmakessenseforkidstostayathome.Butsharingthefamilyrequiresadjustmentsforall.Therearethehasslesoverbathroomstelephonesandprivacy.Somefamilieshowevermanagethedelicatebalancingact.Butforothersitprovestoodifficult.MichelleDelTurco24hasbeenreturnedhomethreetimesandleftthreetimes.WhatIconsideredasocialdrinkmydadconsideredanalcoholproblemsheexplains.HeneverlikedanyoneIdatedsoIeitherhadtohideawayormeetthematfriends’houses. Justhowlongshouldadultchildrenlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon?Mostpsychologistsfeellengthyhomecomingsareamistake.Childrenstrugglingtoestablishseparateidentitiescanendupwithasenseofinadequacydefeatandfailure.Andagingparentswhoshouldbeenjoyingsomefinancialandpersonalfreedomfindthemselvesstuckwithresponsibilities.Manyagreethatbriefvisitshowevercanworkedbeneficially. ThewordhasslesinthepassagePara.3probablymeans______.
Interferon Forseveralyearsscientistshavebeentestingasubstancecalledinterferon干扰素apotentialwonderdrugthatisprovingtobeeffectiveintreatingavarietyofailmentsincludingvirusinfectionsbacteriainfectionsandtumors.Todatethenewdrughasprovokednonegativereactionofsufficientsignificancetodiscourageitsuse.Butinspiteofitssuccesslastyearonlyonegramwasproducedintheentireworld. Thereasonforthescarcityliesinthestructureofinterferon.Aspeciesspecificproteintheinterferonproducedfromoneanimalspeciescannotbeusedintreatinganotheranimalspecies.Inotherwordstotreathumanbeingsonlyinterferonproducedbyhumanbeingsmaybeused.Thedrugisproducedbyinfectingwhitebloodcellswithavirus.Fortunatelyitissopotentthattheamountgiveneachpatientperinjectionisverysmall. Unlikeantibiotics抗菌素interferondoesnotattackgermsdirectly.Insteaditmakesunaffectedcellsresistanttoinfectionandpreventsthemultiplicationofviruseswithincells. Asyoumightconcludeoneofthemostdramaticusesofinterferonhasbeeninthetreatmentofcancer.Dr.HansStranderresearchphysicianatSweden’’sfamousKarolinskaInstitutehastreatedmorethanonehundredcancerpatientswiththenewdrug.Amongagroupofselectedpatientswhohadundergonesurgicalproceduresforadvancedcancerhalfweregivenconventionaltreatmentsandtheotherhalfweregiveninterferon.Thesurvivalrateoverathree-yearperiodwas70percentamongthosewhoweretreatedwithinterferonascomparedwithonly10to30percentamongthosewhohadreceivedtheconventionaltreatments. IntheUnitedStatesalarge-scaleprojectsupportedbytheAmericanCancerSocietyisnowunderway.Iftheexperimentissuccessfulinterferoncouldbecomeoneofthegreatestmedicaldiscoveriesofourtime. TheresultofDr.Strandersexperimentswithinterferonisthat70percentamongpatientswhoweretreatedwithinterferonsurvived.
TheUnitedStates In1782【51】theUnitedStateswonitsindependencethebaldeaglewaschosen【52】thenationalbirdofthenewcountry.Americanleaderswantedtheeagletobea【53】oftheircountrybecauseit’’sabirdofstrengthandcourage.TheychosethebaldeaglebecauseitwasfoundalloverNorthAmericaandonlyinNorthAmerica. Butalittleover200years【54】thebaldeaglehadalmostdisappearedfromthecountryIn1972therewereonly3000baldeaglesintheentireUnitedStates.Thereasonforthebirds【55】populationwaspollutionespeciallypollutionofriversbypesticides.Pesticidesarechemicals【56】tokillinsectsandotheranimalsthatattackanddestroycrops. 【57】rainoftenwashespesticidesintorivers.Pesticidespollutetheriversandpoisonthefish.Eagleseat【58】andthepoison【59】theireggs.Theeggshaveverythinshellsanddonothatch. Eagles【60】onlytwoorthreeeggsayear.Becausemanyoftheeggsdidnot【61】andproducemoreeagles【62】eaglesquickly【63】smaller. TodaytheAmericanGovernmentandtheAmericanpeoplearetryingtoprotectthebaldeagle.Thenumberofbaldeagles【64】Itnowappears【65】theAmericannationalbirdwillsurviveandremainasymbolofstrengthandcourage.
TheUnitedStates In1782【51】theUnitedStateswonitsindependencethebaldeaglewaschosen【52】thenationalbirdofthenewcountry.Americanleaderswantedtheeagletobea【53】oftheircountrybecauseit’’sabirdofstrengthandcourage.TheychosethebaldeaglebecauseitwasfoundalloverNorthAmericaandonlyinNorthAmerica. Butalittleover200years【54】thebaldeaglehadalmostdisappearedfromthecountryIn1972therewereonly3000baldeaglesintheentireUnitedStates.Thereasonforthebirds【55】populationwaspollutionespeciallypollutionofriversbypesticides.Pesticidesarechemicals【56】tokillinsectsandotheranimalsthatattackanddestroycrops. 【57】rainoftenwashespesticidesintorivers.Pesticidespollutetheriversandpoisonthefish.Eagleseat【58】andthepoison【59】theireggs.Theeggshaveverythinshellsanddonothatch. Eagles【60】onlytwoorthreeeggsayear.Becausemanyoftheeggsdidnot【61】andproducemoreeagles【62】eaglesquickly【63】smaller. TodaytheAmericanGovernmentandtheAmericanpeoplearetryingtoprotectthebaldeagle.Thenumberofbaldeagles【64】Itnowappears【65】theAmericannationalbirdwillsurviveandremainasymbolofstrengthandcourage.
NavajoIndianscreatesandpaintingsbyarranginggrainsofsandground-upmineralsandseedsofvariouscolorsintodesigns.
Theinitialappearanceofthesilverthree-centpiececoincidedwiththefirstissueofthree-centstampsin1851.
AdaptationofLivingThings Certainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironmentbetterthanothersoftheirkind.Thisnaturalbiologicalprocessiscalledadaptation.Amongthesuperiorcharacteristicsdevelopedthroughadaptationarethosethatmayhelpingettingfoodorshelterinprovidingprotectionandinproducingandprotectingtheyoung.Thatresultsintheevolutionofmoreandmoreorganismsthatarebetterfittedtotheirenvironments. Eachlivingthingisadaptedtoitswayoflifeinageneralwaybuteachisadaptedespeciallytoitsowndistinctclass.Aplantforexampledependsuponitsrootstofixitselffirmlyandtoabsorbwaterandinorganicchemicals.Itdependsuponitsgreenleavesforusingthesun’’senergytomakefoodfrominorganicchemicals.Thesearegeneraladaptationscommontomostplants.Inadditiontherearespecialadaptationsthatonlycertainkindsofplantshave. Manyanimalshaveadaptationsthathelpthemescapefromtheirenemies.Someinsectsarehiddenbytheirbodycolororshapeandmanylooklikealeaforalittlebranch.Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings.Manyanimalshavetheabilitytoremaincompletelystillwhenanenemyisnear. Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptintheirstructurefunctionandgenetics;intheirdevelopmentandproductionoftheyoung;andinotherrespects.Anorganismmaycreateitswonenvironmentasdowarm-bloodedmammalswhichhavetheabilitytoadjustbodyheatexactlytomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather.Usuallyadaptationsareanadvantagebutsometimesanorganismissowelladaptedtoaparticularenvironmentthatifconditionschangeitfindsitdifficultorimpossibletoreadapttothenewconditions. Theauthorcitesthebehaviorofwarm-bloodedmammalsinordertoillustratewhichofthefollowing?
Aseismographisadevicedesignedtomeasurevibrationsoftheground.
TheUnitedStates In1782【51】theUnitedStateswonitsindependencethebaldeaglewaschosen【52】thenationalbirdofthenewcountry.Americanleaderswantedtheeagletobea【53】oftheircountrybecauseit’’sabirdofstrengthandcourage.TheychosethebaldeaglebecauseitwasfoundalloverNorthAmericaandonlyinNorthAmerica. Butalittleover200years【54】thebaldeaglehadalmostdisappearedfromthecountryIn1972therewereonly3000baldeaglesintheentireUnitedStates.Thereasonforthebirds【55】populationwaspollutionespeciallypollutionofriversbypesticides.Pesticidesarechemicals【56】tokillinsectsandotheranimalsthatattackanddestroycrops. 【57】rainoftenwashespesticidesintorivers.Pesticidespollutetheriversandpoisonthefish.Eagleseat【58】andthepoison【59】theireggs.Theeggshaveverythinshellsanddonothatch. Eagles【60】onlytwoorthreeeggsayear.Becausemanyoftheeggsdidnot【61】andproducemoreeagles【62】eaglesquickly【63】smaller. TodaytheAmericanGovernmentandtheAmericanpeoplearetryingtoprotectthebaldeagle.Thenumberofbaldeagles【64】Itnowappears【65】theAmericannationalbirdwillsurviveandremainasymbolofstrengthandcourage.
Subsequenteventsprovedthemantoberight.
Interferon Forseveralyearsscientistshavebeentestingasubstancecalledinterferon干扰素apotentialwonderdrugthatisprovingtobeeffectiveintreatingavarietyofailmentsincludingvirusinfectionsbacteriainfectionsandtumors.Todatethenewdrughasprovokednonegativereactionofsufficientsignificancetodiscourageitsuse.Butinspiteofitssuccesslastyearonlyonegramwasproducedintheentireworld. Thereasonforthescarcityliesinthestructureofinterferon.Aspeciesspecificproteintheinterferonproducedfromoneanimalspeciescannotbeusedintreatinganotheranimalspecies.Inotherwordstotreathumanbeingsonlyinterferonproducedbyhumanbeingsmaybeused.Thedrugisproducedbyinfectingwhitebloodcellswithavirus.Fortunatelyitissopotentthattheamountgiveneachpatientperinjectionisverysmall. Unlikeantibiotics抗菌素interferondoesnotattackgermsdirectly.Insteaditmakesunaffectedcellsresistanttoinfectionandpreventsthemultiplicationofviruseswithincells. Asyoumightconcludeoneofthemostdramaticusesofinterferonhasbeeninthetreatmentofcancer.Dr.HansStranderresearchphysicianatSweden’’sfamousKarolinskaInstitutehastreatedmorethanonehundredcancerpatientswiththenewdrug.Amongagroupofselectedpatientswhohadundergonesurgicalproceduresforadvancedcancerhalfweregivenconventionaltreatmentsandtheotherhalfweregiveninterferon.Thesurvivalrateoverathree-yearperiodwas70percentamongthosewhoweretreatedwithinterferonascomparedwithonly10to30percentamongthosewhohadreceivedtheconventionaltreatments. IntheUnitedStatesalarge-scaleprojectsupportedbytheAmericanCancerSocietyisnowunderway.Iftheexperimentissuccessfulinterferoncouldbecomeoneofthegreatestmedicaldiscoveriesofourtime. Interferonhasserioussideeffectswhereasantibioticsdonot.
TheUnitedStates In1782【51】theUnitedStateswonitsindependencethebaldeaglewaschosen【52】thenationalbirdofthenewcountry.Americanleaderswantedtheeagletobea【53】oftheircountrybecauseit’’sabirdofstrengthandcourage.TheychosethebaldeaglebecauseitwasfoundalloverNorthAmericaandonlyinNorthAmerica. Butalittleover200years【54】thebaldeaglehadalmostdisappearedfromthecountryIn1972therewereonly3000baldeaglesintheentireUnitedStates.Thereasonforthebirds【55】populationwaspollutionespeciallypollutionofriversbypesticides.Pesticidesarechemicals【56】tokillinsectsandotheranimalsthatattackanddestroycrops. 【57】rainoftenwashespesticidesintorivers.Pesticidespollutetheriversandpoisonthefish.Eagleseat【58】andthepoison【59】theireggs.Theeggshaveverythinshellsanddonothatch. Eagles【60】onlytwoorthreeeggsayear.Becausemanyoftheeggsdidnot【61】andproducemoreeagles【62】eaglesquickly【63】smaller. TodaytheAmericanGovernmentandtheAmericanpeoplearetryingtoprotectthebaldeagle.Thenumberofbaldeagles【64】Itnowappears【65】theAmericannationalbirdwillsurviveandremainasymbolofstrengthandcourage.
Thecollegeofferscoursesinavarietyoftrades.
AdaptationofLivingThings Certainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironmentbetterthanothersoftheirkind.Thisnaturalbiologicalprocessiscalledadaptation.Amongthesuperiorcharacteristicsdevelopedthroughadaptationarethosethatmayhelpingettingfoodorshelterinprovidingprotectionandinproducingandprotectingtheyoung.Thatresultsintheevolutionofmoreandmoreorganismsthatarebetterfittedtotheirenvironments. Eachlivingthingisadaptedtoitswayoflifeinageneralwaybuteachisadaptedespeciallytoitsowndistinctclass.Aplantforexampledependsuponitsrootstofixitselffirmlyandtoabsorbwaterandinorganicchemicals.Itdependsuponitsgreenleavesforusingthesun’’senergytomakefoodfrominorganicchemicals.Thesearegeneraladaptationscommontomostplants.Inadditiontherearespecialadaptationsthatonlycertainkindsofplantshave. Manyanimalshaveadaptationsthathelpthemescapefromtheirenemies.Someinsectsarehiddenbytheirbodycolororshapeandmanylooklikealeaforalittlebranch.Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings.Manyanimalshavetheabilitytoremaincompletelystillwhenanenemyisnear. Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptintheirstructurefunctionandgenetics;intheirdevelopmentandproductionoftheyoung;andinotherrespects.Anorganismmaycreateitswonenvironmentasdowarm-bloodedmammalswhichhavetheabilitytoadjustbodyheatexactlytomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather.Usuallyadaptationsareanadvantagebutsometimesanorganismissowelladaptedtoaparticularenvironmentthatifconditionschangeitfindsitdifficultorimpossibletoreadapttothenewconditions. Someplantsandanimalsdevelopsuperiorcharacteristicssothattheymay______.
IsThisASenselessNotion? Thereisasenselessnotionthatchildrengrowupandleavehomewhentheyare18andthetruthisfarfromthatsociologistLarryBumpassoftheUniversityofWisconsinsays.Todayunexpectednumbersofyoungadultsarelivingwiththeirparents.ThereisamajorshiftinthemiddleclassdeclaressociologistAllanSchnailbergofNorthwesternUniversitywhoseson19movedbackafteranabsenceofeightmonths. Analysisciteavarietyofreasonsforthisreturntothenest.Themarriageageisrisingaconditionthatmakeshomeanditspleasantnessparticularlyattractivetoyoungpeople.Ahighdivorcerateandadecliningremarriageratearemakingeconomicallypressedandemotionallyhurtsurvivorsbacktoparentalshelters.Forsometheexpenseofanaway-fromhomecollegeeducationhasbecomesoexcessivelygreatthatmanystudentsnowattendlocalschools.Evenaftergraduationyoungpeoplefindtheirwingsclippedbytheskyrocketinghousingcosts. LivingathomesaysKnightonaschoolteachercontinuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupport.Hermotheragreed.It’’sridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrent.Itmakessenseforkidstostayathome.Butsharingthefamilyrequiresadjustmentsforall.Therearethehasslesoverbathroomstelephonesandprivacy.Somefamilieshowevermanagethedelicatebalancingact.Butforothersitprovestoodifficult.MichelleDelTurco24hasbeenreturnedhomethreetimesandleftthreetimes.WhatIconsideredasocialdrinkmydadconsideredanalcoholproblemsheexplains.HeneverlikedanyoneIdatedsoIeitherhadtohideawayormeetthematfriends’houses. Justhowlongshouldadultchildrenlivewiththeirparentsbeforemovingon?Mostpsychologistsfeellengthyhomecomingsareamistake.Childrenstrugglingtoestablishseparateidentitiescanendupwithasenseofinadequacydefeatandfailure.Andagingparentswhoshouldbeenjoyingsomefinancialandpersonalfreedomfindthemselvesstuckwithresponsibilities.Manyagreethatbriefvisitshowevercanworkedbeneficially. Whichofthefollowingdoesnotaccountforyoungadultsreturningtothenest?
Interferon Forseveralyearsscientistshavebeentestingasubstancecalledinterferon干扰素apotentialwonderdrugthatisprovingtobeeffectiveintreatingavarietyofailmentsincludingvirusinfectionsbacteriainfectionsandtumors.Todatethenewdrughasprovokednonegativereactionofsufficientsignificancetodiscourageitsuse.Butinspiteofitssuccesslastyearonlyonegramwasproducedintheentireworld. Thereasonforthescarcityliesinthestructureofinterferon.Aspeciesspecificproteintheinterferonproducedfromoneanimalspeciescannotbeusedintreatinganotheranimalspecies.Inotherwordstotreathumanbeingsonlyinterferonproducedbyhumanbeingsmaybeused.Thedrugisproducedbyinfectingwhitebloodcellswithavirus.Fortunatelyitissopotentthattheamountgiveneachpatientperinjectionisverysmall. Unlikeantibiotics抗菌素interferondoesnotattackgermsdirectly.Insteaditmakesunaffectedcellsresistanttoinfectionandpreventsthemultiplicationofviruseswithincells. Asyoumightconcludeoneofthemostdramaticusesofinterferonhasbeeninthetreatmentofcancer.Dr.HansStranderresearchphysicianatSweden’’sfamousKarolinskaInstitutehastreatedmorethanonehundredcancerpatientswiththenewdrug.Amongagroupofselectedpatientswhohadundergonesurgicalproceduresforadvancedcancerhalfweregivenconventionaltreatmentsandtheotherhalfweregiveninterferon.Thesurvivalrateoverathree-yearperiodwas70percentamongthosewhoweretreatedwithinterferonascomparedwithonly10to30percentamongthosewhohadreceivedtheconventionaltreatments. IntheUnitedStatesalarge-scaleprojectsupportedbytheAmericanCancerSocietyisnowunderway.Iftheexperimentissuccessfulinterferoncouldbecomeoneofthegreatestmedicaldiscoveriesofourtime. Interferonisproducedbyinfectingvirusesbacteriaandtumorswithadrug.
Eatingtoomuchfatcanleadtoheartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.
TheDepartmentofResourcesnotifiedthetowncouncilthatthewatersupplywascontaminated.
Knitting Mymotherknewhowtoknit编织butshenevertaughtme.Sheassumedasdidmanywomenofhergenerationthatknittingwasnolongeraskillworthpassingdownfrommothertodaughter.Acombinationoffeminism女权主义andconsumerism浪费主义mademanywomenfeelthatsuchhomelyaccomplishmentswerenowoutofdate.MyGrandmotherstillknittedthoughandeveryChristmasshemadeapairofsocksformybrotherandmeofredwool.Theyweretheonesweworeunderouriceskates冰鞋whenitwasreallyimportanttohavewarmfeet. Knittingisanervoushabitthathappenstobeproductive.Ithelpedmequitsmokingbygivingmyhandssomethingelsetodo.Itiswonderfulfordepressionbecausenomatterwhatelsehappensyouarecreatingsomethingbeautiful.Timespentinfrontofthetelevisionorjustsittingisnolongertimewasted. Ilovebreathinglifeintothepatterns.It’’struemagicfindinganeglecteddog-earedoldbookwiththeperfectsnowflakedesignbuyingthesameGermantownwoolmygrandmotherusedintheexactbluetomatchmydaughter’’seyestakingitonthetrainwithmeeverydayfortwomonthsworkingenthusiasticallytogetitdonebyChristmasstayinguplateafterthestockingsarefilledtosewinthesleevesandweaveintheends. Knittinghastaughtmepatience.IknowthatifIjustkeepgoingevenifittakesmonthstherewillbeareward.WhenImakeamistakeIknowthatangerwillnotfixitthatIjusthavetogobackandtakeoutthestitches针脚betweenandstartoveragain. PeopleoftenaskifIwoulddoitformoneyandtheanswerisalwaysadefiniteno.InthefirstplaceyoucouldnotpaymeenoughforthehoursIputintoasweater.ButmoreimportantthisisanactivityIkeepseparatefromsuchconsiderations.IknittocovermychildrenandotherpeopleIloveinwarmthandcolor.Iknittogivethemsomethingearthlythatmoneycouldneverbuy. Knittinggivesmylifeanalternativerhythmtothedailydeadline.BydayIcanwriteaboutNorthernIrelandortheNewYorkCityPoliceDepartmentandgetpaidforitbutonthetrainhomesurroundedbypeoplewithlaptopsIstagemylittlerebellion.Itakeoutmyoldknittingbagandjointhecenturiesofwomenwhohaveknittedforlove. Theauthorworetheredsockshergrandmotherhadknittedforher______.
TheUnitedStates In1782【51】theUnitedStateswonitsindependencethebaldeaglewaschosen【52】thenationalbirdofthenewcountry.Americanleaderswantedtheeagletobea【53】oftheircountrybecauseit’’sabirdofstrengthandcourage.TheychosethebaldeaglebecauseitwasfoundalloverNorthAmericaandonlyinNorthAmerica. Butalittleover200years【54】thebaldeaglehadalmostdisappearedfromthecountryIn1972therewereonly3000baldeaglesintheentireUnitedStates.Thereasonforthebirds【55】populationwaspollutionespeciallypollutionofriversbypesticides.Pesticidesarechemicals【56】tokillinsectsandotheranimalsthatattackanddestroycrops. 【57】rainoftenwashespesticidesintorivers.Pesticidespollutetheriversandpoisonthefish.Eagleseat【58】andthepoison【59】theireggs.Theeggshaveverythinshellsanddonothatch. Eagles【60】onlytwoorthreeeggsayear.Becausemanyoftheeggsdidnot【61】andproducemoreeagles【62】eaglesquickly【63】smaller. TodaytheAmericanGovernmentandtheAmericanpeoplearetryingtoprotectthebaldeagle.Thenumberofbaldeagles【64】Itnowappears【65】theAmericannationalbirdwillsurviveandremainasymbolofstrengthandcourage.
BathingIntheSea BathingintheseainEnglandahundredyearsagowasnotquitethelight-heartedamusementthatitistoday.Therearenorunningdownfromthehoteltothebeachinabathrobe长袍nosunbathingorlyingaboutonthesandsinbathing-dressesafterthedip.Everythinghadtobedoneinanorderlyandextremelypolitemanner.Mixedbathingwasnotallowedanywhere.Menandwomeneachhadtheirseparatepartofthebeachandtheywerenotsupposedtomeetinthewater. Bathingclotheswerealsocloselycontrolled.Menusuallyworesimplebathingdrawersandnomorebutwomenwereobligedtowearthickcumbersomewoolengarmentsthatcoveredthemcompletelyfromheadtofoot.Thesesatisfiedthedemandsofmodestybuttheymusthavebeenextremelyuncomfortableforswimming. Eventhusdecentlycoveredwomenwerenotsupposedtoshowthemselvesonthebeachwhileinbathingattire浴衣.Theyhadtowaittheirturnforabathingmachineasortofwoodencabinonwheelswhichwasdrawnrightdowntothewatersedgebyhorses.Onitsseawardsideasortofhoodorcanopy罩盖stretchedoutwardsanddownwardsoverthewatercompletelyhidingthebatheruntilshewasactuallyintheseaTherewasabathingwomaninattendancepartofwhosedutywastodipinotherwordstoseizethebatherassoonassheemergedanddipherforciblyunderwatertwoorthreetimes.Thiswassupposedtobeforthebenefitofherhealthandnodoubtitwasallrightinthehandsofthegentle.Butmostbathingwomenwerethereverseofgentleandtobedippedbythemmusthavebeenastrenuousformofexercise. Thebathingmachinewasused______.
Knitting Mymotherknewhowtoknit编织butshenevertaughtme.Sheassumedasdidmanywomenofhergenerationthatknittingwasnolongeraskillworthpassingdownfrommothertodaughter.Acombinationoffeminism女权主义andconsumerism浪费主义mademanywomenfeelthatsuchhomelyaccomplishmentswerenowoutofdate.MyGrandmotherstillknittedthoughandeveryChristmasshemadeapairofsocksformybrotherandmeofredwool.Theyweretheonesweworeunderouriceskates冰鞋whenitwasreallyimportanttohavewarmfeet. Knittingisanervoushabitthathappenstobeproductive.Ithelpedmequitsmokingbygivingmyhandssomethingelsetodo.Itiswonderfulfordepressionbecausenomatterwhatelsehappensyouarecreatingsomethingbeautiful.Timespentinfrontofthetelevisionorjustsittingisnolongertimewasted. Ilovebreathinglifeintothepatterns.It’’struemagicfindinganeglecteddog-earedoldbookwiththeperfectsnowflakedesignbuyingthesameGermantownwoolmygrandmotherusedintheexactbluetomatchmydaughter’’seyestakingitonthetrainwithmeeverydayfortwomonthsworkingenthusiasticallytogetitdonebyChristmasstayinguplateafterthestockingsarefilledtosewinthesleevesandweaveintheends. Knittinghastaughtmepatience.IknowthatifIjustkeepgoingevenifittakesmonthstherewillbeareward.WhenImakeamistakeIknowthatangerwillnotfixitthatIjusthavetogobackandtakeoutthestitches针脚betweenandstartoveragain. PeopleoftenaskifIwoulddoitformoneyandtheanswerisalwaysadefiniteno.InthefirstplaceyoucouldnotpaymeenoughforthehoursIputintoasweater.ButmoreimportantthisisanactivityIkeepseparatefromsuchconsiderations.IknittocovermychildrenandotherpeopleIloveinwarmthandcolor.Iknittogivethemsomethingearthlythatmoneycouldneverbuy. Knittinggivesmylifeanalternativerhythmtothedailydeadline.BydayIcanwriteaboutNorthernIrelandortheNewYorkCityPoliceDepartmentandgetpaidforitbutonthetrainhomesurroundedbypeoplewithlaptopsIstagemylittlerebellion.Itakeoutmyoldknittingbagandjointhecenturiesofwomenwhohaveknittedforlove. AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutknittingisNOTtrue?
Biotechnology Biotechnologyinoneformoranotherhasflourishedsinceprehistorictimes.Whenthefirsthumanbeingsrealizedthattheycouldplanttheirowncropsandbreedtheirownanimalstheylearnedtousebiotechnology.Thediscoverythatfruitjuicesfermented发酵inwineorthatmilkcouldbeconvertedintocheeseoryogurt酸乳酶orthatbeercouldbemadebyfermentingsolutionsofmalt麦芽andhops啤酒花beganthestudyofbiotechnology.Whenthefirstbakersfoundthattheycouldmakeasoftspongy多乳的breadratherthanafirmthincrackertheywe’’reactingasfledgling缺乏经验的biotechnologists.Thefirstanimalbreedersrealizingthatdifferentphysicaltraitscouldbeeithermagnifiedorlostbymatingappropriatepairsofanimalsengagedinthemanipulationsofbiotechnology. Whatthenisbiotechnology?Thetermbringstominddifferentthings.Somethinkofdevelopingnewtypesofanimals.Othersdreamofalmostunlimitedsourcesofhumantherapeutic治疗的drugs.Stillothersenvision想象thepossibilityofgrowingcropsthataremorenutritious有养分的andnaturallypest-resistant有抵抗力的tofeedarapidlygrowingworldpopulation.Thisquestionelicits引发almostasmanyfirst-thoughtresponsesastherearepeopletowhomthequestioncanbeposed.Initspurestformthetermbiotechnologyreferstotheuseoflivingorganismsortheirproductstomodifyhumanhealthandthehumanenvironment.Prehistoricbiotechnologistsdidthisastheyusedyeastcellstoraisebreaddough生面团andtofermentalcoholicbeveragesandbacterialcellstomakecheesesandyogurtsandastheybredtheirstrongproductiveanimalstomakeevenstrongerandmoreproductiveoffspring.Throughouthumanhistorywehavelearnedagreatdealaboutthedifferentorganismsthatourancestorsusedsoeffectively.Themarkedincreaseinourunderstandingoftheseorganismsandtheircellproductsgainsustheabilitytocontrolthemanyfunctionsofvariouscellsandorganisms.Usingthetechniquesofgenesplicing叠接andrecombineDNAtechnologywecannowactuallycombinethegeneticelementsoftwoormorelivingcells.FunctioninglengthsofDNAcanbetakenfromoneorganismandplacedintothecellsofanotherorganism.Asaresultforexamplewecancausebacterialcellstoproducehumanmoleculescowscanproducemoremilkorthesameamountoffeedandwecansynthesizetherapeuticmoleculesthathaveneverbeforeexisted. Thehumanbeingsbegantousebiotechnology______.
TheUnitedStates In1782【51】theUnitedStateswonitsindependencethebaldeaglewaschosen【52】thenationalbirdofthenewcountry.Americanleaderswantedtheeagletobea【53】oftheircountrybecauseit’’sabirdofstrengthandcourage.TheychosethebaldeaglebecauseitwasfoundalloverNorthAmericaandonlyinNorthAmerica. Butalittleover200years【54】thebaldeaglehadalmostdisappearedfromthecountryIn1972therewereonly3000baldeaglesintheentireUnitedStates.Thereasonforthebirds【55】populationwaspollutionespeciallypollutionofriversbypesticides.Pesticidesarechemicals【56】tokillinsectsandotheranimalsthatattackanddestroycrops. 【57】rainoftenwashespesticidesintorivers.Pesticidespollutetheriversandpoisonthefish.Eagleseat【58】andthepoison【59】theireggs.Theeggshaveverythinshellsanddonothatch. Eagles【60】onlytwoorthreeeggsayear.Becausemanyoftheeggsdidnot【61】andproducemoreeagles【62】eaglesquickly【63】smaller. TodaytheAmericanGovernmentandtheAmericanpeoplearetryingtoprotectthebaldeagle.Thenumberofbaldeagles【64】Itnowappears【65】theAmericannationalbirdwillsurviveandremainasymbolofstrengthandcourage.
TheUnitedStates In1782【51】theUnitedStateswonitsindependencethebaldeaglewaschosen【52】thenationalbirdofthenewcountry.Americanleaderswantedtheeagletobea【53】oftheircountrybecauseit’’sabirdofstrengthandcourage.TheychosethebaldeaglebecauseitwasfoundalloverNorthAmericaandonlyinNorthAmerica. Butalittleover200years【54】thebaldeaglehadalmostdisappearedfromthecountryIn1972therewereonly3000baldeaglesintheentireUnitedStates.Thereasonforthebirds【55】populationwaspollutionespeciallypollutionofriversbypesticides.Pesticidesarechemicals【56】tokillinsectsandotheranimalsthatattackanddestroycrops. 【57】rainoftenwashespesticidesintorivers.Pesticidespollutetheriversandpoisonthefish.Eagleseat【58】andthepoison【59】theireggs.Theeggshaveverythinshellsanddonothatch. Eagles【60】onlytwoorthreeeggsayear.Becausemanyoftheeggsdidnot【61】andproducemoreeagles【62】eaglesquickly【63】smaller. TodaytheAmericanGovernmentandtheAmericanpeoplearetryingtoprotectthebaldeagle.Thenumberofbaldeagles【64】Itnowappears【65】theAmericannationalbirdwillsurviveandremainasymbolofstrengthandcourage.
TheUnitedStates In1782【51】theUnitedStateswonitsindependencethebaldeaglewaschosen【52】thenationalbirdofthenewcountry.Americanleaderswantedtheeagletobea【53】oftheircountrybecauseit’’sabirdofstrengthandcourage.TheychosethebaldeaglebecauseitwasfoundalloverNorthAmericaandonlyinNorthAmerica. Butalittleover200years【54】thebaldeaglehadalmostdisappearedfromthecountryIn1972therewereonly3000baldeaglesintheentireUnitedStates.Thereasonforthebirds【55】populationwaspollutionespeciallypollutionofriversbypesticides.Pesticidesarechemicals【56】tokillinsectsandotheranimalsthatattackanddestroycrops. 【57】rainoftenwashespesticidesintorivers.Pesticidespollutetheriversandpoisonthefish.Eagleseat【58】andthepoison【59】theireggs.Theeggshaveverythinshellsanddonothatch. Eagles【60】onlytwoorthreeeggsayear.Becausemanyoftheeggsdidnot【61】andproducemoreeagles【62】eaglesquickly【63】smaller. TodaytheAmericanGovernmentandtheAmericanpeoplearetryingtoprotectthebaldeagle.Thenumberofbaldeagles【64】Itnowappears【65】theAmericannationalbirdwillsurviveandremainasymbolofstrengthandcourage.
Interferon Forseveralyearsscientistshavebeentestingasubstancecalledinterferon干扰素apotentialwonderdrugthatisprovingtobeeffectiveintreatingavarietyofailmentsincludingvirusinfectionsbacteriainfectionsandtumors.Todatethenewdrughasprovokednonegativereactionofsufficientsignificancetodiscourageitsuse.Butinspiteofitssuccesslastyearonlyonegramwasproducedintheentireworld. Thereasonforthescarcityliesinthestructureofinterferon.Aspeciesspecificproteintheinterferonproducedfromoneanimalspeciescannotbeusedintreatinganotheranimalspecies.Inotherwordstotreathumanbeingsonlyinterferonproducedbyhumanbeingsmaybeused.Thedrugisproducedbyinfectingwhitebloodcellswithavirus.Fortunatelyitissopotentthattheamountgiveneachpatientperinjectionisverysmall. Unlikeantibiotics抗菌素interferondoesnotattackgermsdirectly.Insteaditmakesunaffectedcellsresistanttoinfectionandpreventsthemultiplicationofviruseswithincells. Asyoumightconcludeoneofthemostdramaticusesofinterferonhasbeeninthetreatmentofcancer.Dr.HansStranderresearchphysicianatSweden’’sfamousKarolinskaInstitutehastreatedmorethanonehundredcancerpatientswiththenewdrug.Amongagroupofselectedpatientswhohadundergonesurgicalproceduresforadvancedcancerhalfweregivenconventionaltreatmentsandtheotherhalfweregiveninterferon.Thesurvivalrateoverathree-yearperiodwas70percentamongthosewhoweretreatedwithinterferonascomparedwithonly10to30percentamongthosewhohadreceivedtheconventionaltreatments. IntheUnitedStatesalarge-scaleprojectsupportedbytheAmericanCancerSocietyisnowunderway.Iftheexperimentissuccessfulinterferoncouldbecomeoneofthegreatestmedicaldiscoveriesofourtime. Antibioticskillgermsbyattackingthemdirectlywhileinterferondoesnot.
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