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Johnis{{U}}collaborating{{/U}}withMaryinwritinganarticle.
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{{*HTML*}}??下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题请根据短文内容为每题确定1个最佳选项{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????????? ??????{{B}}?AdaptationofLiving Things{{/B}}??Certainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristics thathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironmentbetterthanothersoftheirkind. Thisnaturalbiologicalprocessiscalledadaptation.Amongthesuperior characteristicsdevelopedthroughadaptationarethosethatmayhelpingetting foodorshelterinprovidingprotectionandinproducingandprotectingthe young.Thatresultsintheevolutionofmoreandmoreorganismsthatarebetter fittedtotheirenvironments.??Eachlivingthingisadaptedto itswayoflifeinageneralwaybuteachisadaptedespeciallytoitsown distinctclass.Aplantforexampledependsuponitsrootstofixitself firmlyandtoabsorbwaterandinorganicchemicals.Itdependsuponitsgreen leavesforusingthesun’senergytomakefoodfrominorganicchemicals.These aregeneraladaptationscommontomostplants.Inadditiontherearespecial adaptationsthatonlycertainkindsofplantshave.??Manyanimals haveadaptationsthathelpthemescapefromtheirenemies.Someinsectsare hiddenbytheirbodycolororshapeandmanylooklikealeaforalittle branch.Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings.Manyanimals havetheabilitytoremaincompletelystillwhenanenemyisnear.? ?Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptin theirstructurefunctionandgenetics;intheirdevelopmentandproductionof theyoung;andinotherrespects.Anorganismmaycreateitsownenvironmentas dowarm-bloodedmammalswhichhavetheabilitytoadjustbodyheatexactlyto maintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather.Usuallyadaptations areanadvantagebutsometimesanorganismissowelladaptedtoaparticular environmentthatifconditionschangeitfindsitdifficultorimpossibleto readapttothenewconditions.Someplantsandanimalsdevelopsuperiorcharacteristicssothattheymay
{{*HTML*}}? ?下面的短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文中没有提及请选择C ??????? ??????????? ???{{B}}AnObservationandanExplanation{{/B}}??It isworthlookingatoneortwoaspectsofthewayamotherbehavestowardsher baby.Theusualfondlingcuddlingandcleaningrequirelittlecommentbutthe positioninwhichsheholdsthebabyagainstherbodywhenrestingisrather revealing.Carefulstudieshaveshownthefactthat80percentofmothershold theirinfantsintheirleftarmsholdingthemagainsttheleftsideoftheir bodies.Ifaskedtoexplainthesignificanceofthispreferencemostpeople replythatitisobviouslytheresultofthepredominanceofright-handednessin thepopulation.Byholdingthebabiesintheirleftarmsthemotherskeeptheir dominantarmfreeformanipulations.Butadetailedanalysisshowsthatthisis notthecase.Truethereisaslightdifferencebetweenright-handedand left-handedfemales;butnotenoughtoprovideadequateexplanation.Itemerges that83percentofright-handedmothersholdthebabyontheleftsidebutso do78percentofleft-handedmothers.Inotherwordsonly22percentofthe left-handedmothershavetheirdominanthandsfreeforactions.Clearlythere mustbesomeotherlessobviousexplanation.??Theonlyother cluecomesfromthefactthattheheartisonthesideofthemother’sbody. Coulditbethatthesoundofherheartbeatisthevitalfactor?Andinwhat way?Thinkingalongtheselinesitwasarguedthatperhapsduringitsexistence insidethebodyofthemothertheunbornbabygetusedtothesoundoftheheart beat.Ifthisissothenthere-discoveryofthisfamiliarsoundafterbirth mighthaveaclaimingeffectontheinfantespeciallyasithasjustbeenborn intoastrangeandfrighteninglynewworld.Ifthisissothenthemotherwould somehowsoonarriveatthediscoverythatherbabyismoreatpeaceifheldon theleftagainstherheartthanontheright.Mostleft-handedwomenfeelcomfortablebyholdingtheirbabiesintheirleftarmandkeeptherightarmfree.
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ??????????? ??{{B}}CharterSchools{{/B}}??Americanpubliceducation haschangedinrecentyears.OnechangeisthatincreasingnumbersofAmerican parentsandteachersarestartingindependentpublicschoolscalledcharter schools.??In1991therewere{{U}}?51?{{/U}}charter schoolsintheUnitedStates.Todaymorethan2300charterschools{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}in34statesar/dtheDistrictofColumbia2575000 students{{U}}?53?{{/U}}theseschools.Thestudentsarefrom5years{{U}} ?54?{{/U}}agethrough18orolder.Acharterschooliscreatedby groupsofparentsteachersandcommunitymembers.Itissimilar{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}somewaystoatraditionalpublicschool.Itreceivestaxmoneyto operatejustas{{U}}?56?{{/U}}publicschoolsdo.Theamountit receivesdepends{{U}}?57?{{/U}}thenumberofstudents.Thecharter schoolmustprove{{U}}?58?{{/U}}localorstategovernmentsthatits studentsarelearning.Thesegovernmentsprovidetheschool{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}theagreementorcharterthatpermitsittooperate.? ?Unlikeatraditionalpublicschool{{U}}?60?{{/U}}thecharte’r schooldoesnothavetoobeymostlawsgoverningpublicschools.Localstateor federalgovernmentscannottellitwhattoteach.??Eachschool canchooseitsowngoalsanddecidethewaysitwantsto{{U}}?61 ?{{/U}}thosegoals.Classsizesusuallyaresmallerthaninmanytraditional publicschools.Manystudentsandparentssayteachersincharterschoolscanbe morecreative.??Howeverstateeducationagencieslocal education-governingcommitteesandunionsoften{{U}}?62 ?{{/U}}charterschools.Theysaytheseschoolsmayreceivemoneybadlyneeded bytraditionalpublicschools.Expertssaysomecharterschoolsaredoingwell whileothersarestruggling.??Congressprovided200million dollarsforestablishingcharterschoolsinthe2002federal budget.{{U}}?63?{{/U}}oftentheschoolssaytheytackenoughmoney fortheirprograms.Manyalsolackneededspace.??{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}manyofthe36charterschoolsintheDistrictofColumbiahold classesincrowdedbuildings.Theseschoolshavealmost11000students. Districtofficialssaytheyhaveprovided14formerschoolbuildings{{U}} ?65?{{/U}}chartereducation.Yetcharter-schoolsupporterssay officialsshouldtryhardertofindmorespace.
{{*HTML*}}??下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题请根据短文内容为每题确定1个最佳选项{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????????? ??????{{B}}?AdaptationofLiving Things{{/B}}??Certainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristics thathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironmentbetterthanothersoftheirkind. Thisnaturalbiologicalprocessiscalledadaptation.Amongthesuperior characteristicsdevelopedthroughadaptationarethosethatmayhelpingetting foodorshelterinprovidingprotectionandinproducingandprotectingthe young.Thatresultsintheevolutionofmoreandmoreorganismsthatarebetter fittedtotheirenvironments.??Eachlivingthingisadaptedto itswayoflifeinageneralwaybuteachisadaptedespeciallytoitsown distinctclass.Aplantforexampledependsuponitsrootstofixitself firmlyandtoabsorbwaterandinorganicchemicals.Itdependsuponitsgreen leavesforusingthesun’senergytomakefoodfrominorganicchemicals.These aregeneraladaptationscommontomostplants.Inadditiontherearespecial adaptationsthatonlycertainkindsofplantshave.??Manyanimals haveadaptationsthathelpthemescapefromtheirenemies.Someinsectsare hiddenbytheirbodycolororshapeandmanylooklikealeaforalittle branch.Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings.Manyanimals havetheabilitytoremaincompletelystillwhenanenemyisnear.? ?Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptin theirstructurefunctionandgenetics;intheirdevelopmentandproductionof theyoung;andinotherrespects.Anorganismmaycreateitsownenvironmentas dowarm-bloodedmammalswhichhavetheabilitytoadjustbodyheatexactlyto maintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather.Usuallyadaptations areanadvantagebutsometimesanorganismissowelladaptedtoaparticular environmentthatifconditionschangeitfindsitdifficultorimpossibleto readapttothenewconditions.Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethatthefeathersofabirdcarecolored?
{{*HTML*}}??下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题请根据短文内容为每题确定1个最佳选项{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????????? ??????{{B}}?AdaptationofLiving Things{{/B}}??Certainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristics thathelpthemcopewiththeirenvironmentbetterthanothersoftheirkind. Thisnaturalbiologicalprocessiscalledadaptation.Amongthesuperior characteristicsdevelopedthroughadaptationarethosethatmayhelpingetting foodorshelterinprovidingprotectionandinproducingandprotectingthe young.Thatresultsintheevolutionofmoreandmoreorganismsthatarebetter fittedtotheirenvironments.??Eachlivingthingisadaptedto itswayoflifeinageneralwaybuteachisadaptedespeciallytoitsown distinctclass.Aplantforexampledependsuponitsrootstofixitself firmlyandtoabsorbwaterandinorganicchemicals.Itdependsuponitsgreen leavesforusingthesun’senergytomakefoodfrominorganicchemicals.These aregeneraladaptationscommontomostplants.Inadditiontherearespecial adaptationsthatonlycertainkindsofplantshave.??Manyanimals haveadaptationsthathelpthemescapefromtheirenemies.Someinsectsare hiddenbytheirbodycolororshapeandmanylooklikealeaforalittle branch.Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings.Manyanimals havetheabilitytoremaincompletelystillwhenanenemyisnear.? ?Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptin theirstructurefunctionandgenetics;intheirdevelopmentandproductionof theyoung;andinotherrespects.Anorganismmaycreateitsownenvironmentas dowarm-bloodedmammalswhichhavetheabilitytoadjustbodyheatexactlyto maintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather.Usuallyadaptations areanadvantagebutsometimesanorganismissowelladaptedtoaparticular environmentthatifconditionschangeitfindsitdifficultorimpossibleto readapttothenewconditions.Theauthorcitesthebehaviorofwarm-bloodedmammalsinordertoillustratewhichofthefollowing?
Foryoungchildrengettingdressedisa{{U}}complicated{{/U}}business.
{{*HTML*}}? ?下面的短文后有2项测试任务第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项 ?????????? ??????????? ??????{{B}}MuseumsintheModern World{{/B}}1.Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesforthe privilegedfeworforboredvacationerstovisitonrainydays.Actionand democracyarewordsusedindescriptionsofmuseumsnow.2.Atascience museuminOntarioCanadayoucanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmless electricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNew YorkCityyoucanlookat17thcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheir music.AttheModemMuseuminSwedenyoucanputoncostumesprovidedbythe StockholmOpera.Astheseexamplesshowmuseumsarereachingouttonew audiencesparticularlytheyoungthepoorandthelesseducatedmembersof thepopulation.Asaresultattendanceisincreasing.??? ?????3.Moreandmoremuseumsdirectorsare realizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycansomehowbecomepartofwhatthey areseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsforexampletherearenoguidedtours.The visitorisencouragedtotouchlistenoperateandexperimentsoasto discoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.Hecanhavetheexperienceof operatingaspaceshipoxacomputer.Hecanexperimentwithglassblowingand papermaking.Thepurposeisnotonlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeople feelathomeintheworldofscience.Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonot understandsciencewillprobablyfearitandthosewhofearsciencewillnot useittobestadvantage.Manymuseumsnowprovideeducationalservicesand children’sdepartments.Inadditiontotheusualdisplaystheyalsoofferfilm showingsanddanceprograms.Insteadofbeingplacesthatoneshouldvisit theyareplacestoenjoy.4.Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincrease inwealthandleisuretime.Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoung peopleinthepopulation.Manyoftheseyoungpeoplearecollegestudentsor collegegraduates.Theyarebettereducatedthantheir.parents.Theyseethings inanewanddifferentway.Theyarenotcontenttostandandlookatworksof art;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.Thesameistrueofscienceand history.IntheUScertaingroupswhoformerlyweretoopoortocareabout anythingbeyondthebasicneedsofdailylifearenow.becomingcuriousabout theworldaroundthem.Theyoungpeopleinthesegroupslikeyoungpeoplein generalhavebenefitedfromabettereducationthantheirparentsreceived.All thesegroupsandtherestofthepopulationaswellhavebeeninfluencedby televisionwhichhastaughtthemaboutotherplacesandothertimes.5.The effectofallthishasbeentochangeexistingmuseumsandtoencouragethe buildingofnewones.IntheUSandCanadaalonetherearenowmorethan6000 museumsalmosttwiceasmanyastherewere25yearsago.Abouthalfofthemaxe devotedtohistoryandtherestareevenlydividedbetweentheartsand sciences.ThenumberofvisitorsaccordingtotheAmericanAssociationof museumshasrisentomorethan700millionayear.6.Infactthecrowdsof visitorsatsomemuseumsarecreatingamajorproblem.Admissiontomuseumshas alwaysbeeneitherfreeorveryinexpensivebutnowsomemuseumsarecharging entrancefeesforthefirsttimeorraisingtheirprices.Evenwhenraised howeverentrancefeesaregenerallytoolowtosupportamuseumwithits usuallylargebuildinganditshighlytrainedstaff.Paragraph2______
{{*HTML*}}? ?下面的短文后有2项测试任务第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项 ?????????? ??????????? ??????{{B}}MuseumsintheModern World{{/B}}1.Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesforthe privilegedfeworforboredvacationerstovisitonrainydays.Actionand democracyarewordsusedindescriptionsofmuseumsnow.2.Atascience museuminOntarioCanadayoucanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmless electricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNew YorkCityyoucanlookat17thcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheir music.AttheModemMuseuminSwedenyoucanputoncostumesprovidedbythe StockholmOpera.Astheseexamplesshowmuseumsarereachingouttonew audiencesparticularlytheyoungthepoorandthelesseducatedmembersof thepopulation.Asaresultattendanceisincreasing.??? ?????3.Moreandmoremuseumsdirectorsare realizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycansomehowbecomepartofwhatthey areseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsforexampletherearenoguidedtours.The visitorisencouragedtotouchlistenoperateandexperimentsoasto discoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.Hecanhavetheexperienceof operatingaspaceshipoxacomputer.Hecanexperimentwithglassblowingand papermaking.Thepurposeisnotonlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeople feelathomeintheworldofscience.Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonot understandsciencewillprobablyfearitandthosewhofearsciencewillnot useittobestadvantage.Manymuseumsnowprovideeducationalservicesand children’sdepartments.Inadditiontotheusualdisplaystheyalsoofferfilm showingsanddanceprograms.Insteadofbeingplacesthatoneshouldvisit theyareplacestoenjoy.4.Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincrease inwealthandleisuretime.Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoung peopleinthepopulation.Manyoftheseyoungpeoplearecollegestudentsor collegegraduates.Theyarebettereducatedthantheir.parents.Theyseethings inanewanddifferentway.Theyarenotcontenttostandandlookatworksof art;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.Thesameistrueofscienceand history.IntheUScertaingroupswhoformerlyweretoopoortocareabout anythingbeyondthebasicneedsofdailylifearenow.becomingcuriousabout theworldaroundthem.Theyoungpeopleinthesegroupslikeyoungpeoplein generalhavebenefitedfromabettereducationthantheirparentsreceived.All thesegroupsandtherestofthepopulationaswellhavebeeninfluencedby televisionwhichhastaughtthemaboutotherplacesandothertimes.5.The effectofallthishasbeentochangeexistingmuseumsandtoencouragethe buildingofnewones.IntheUSandCanadaalonetherearenowmorethan6000 museumsalmosttwiceasmanyastherewere25yearsago.Abouthalfofthemaxe devotedtohistoryandtherestareevenlydividedbetweentheartsand sciences.ThenumberofvisitorsaccordingtotheAmericanAssociationof museumshasrisentomorethan700millionayear.6.Infactthecrowdsof visitorsatsomemuseumsarecreatingamajorproblem.Admissiontomuseumshas alwaysbeeneitherfreeorveryinexpensivebutnowsomemuseumsarecharging entrancefeesforthefirsttimeorraisingtheirprices.Evenwhenraised howeverentrancefeesaregenerallytoolowtosupportamuseumwithits usuallylargebuildinganditshighlytrainedstaff.Tomeettheneedsofsocietymoremuseums______
{{*HTML*}}? ?下面的短文后有2项测试任务第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项 ?????????? ??????????? ??????{{B}}MuseumsintheModern World{{/B}}1.Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesforthe privilegedfeworforboredvacationerstovisitonrainydays.Actionand democracyarewordsusedindescriptionsofmuseumsnow.2.Atascience museuminOntarioCanadayoucanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmless electricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNew YorkCityyoucanlookat17thcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheir music.AttheModemMuseuminSwedenyoucanputoncostumesprovidedbythe StockholmOpera.Astheseexamplesshowmuseumsarereachingouttonew audiencesparticularlytheyoungthepoorandthelesseducatedmembersof thepopulation.Asaresultattendanceisincreasing.??? ?????3.Moreandmoremuseumsdirectorsare realizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycansomehowbecomepartofwhatthey areseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsforexampletherearenoguidedtours.The visitorisencouragedtotouchlistenoperateandexperimentsoasto discoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.Hecanhavetheexperienceof operatingaspaceshipoxacomputer.Hecanexperimentwithglassblowingand papermaking.Thepurposeisnotonlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeople feelathomeintheworldofscience.Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonot understandsciencewillprobablyfearitandthosewhofearsciencewillnot useittobestadvantage.Manymuseumsnowprovideeducationalservicesand children’sdepartments.Inadditiontotheusualdisplaystheyalsoofferfilm showingsanddanceprograms.Insteadofbeingplacesthatoneshouldvisit theyareplacestoenjoy.4.Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincrease inwealthandleisuretime.Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoung peopleinthepopulation.Manyoftheseyoungpeoplearecollegestudentsor collegegraduates.Theyarebettereducatedthantheir.parents.Theyseethings inanewanddifferentway.Theyarenotcontenttostandandlookatworksof art;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.Thesameistrueofscienceand history.IntheUScertaingroupswhoformerlyweretoopoortocareabout anythingbeyondthebasicneedsofdailylifearenow.becomingcuriousabout theworldaroundthem.Theyoungpeopleinthesegroupslikeyoungpeoplein generalhavebenefitedfromabettereducationthantheirparentsreceived.All thesegroupsandtherestofthepopulationaswellhavebeeninfluencedby televisionwhichhastaughtthemaboutotherplacesandothertimes.5.The effectofallthishasbeentochangeexistingmuseumsandtoencouragethe buildingofnewones.IntheUSandCanadaalonetherearenowmorethan6000 museumsalmosttwiceasmanyastherewere25yearsago.Abouthalfofthemaxe devotedtohistoryandtherestareevenlydividedbetweentheartsand sciences.ThenumberofvisitorsaccordingtotheAmericanAssociationof museumshasrisentomorethan700millionayear.6.Infactthecrowdsof visitorsatsomemuseumsarecreatingamajorproblem.Admissiontomuseumshas alwaysbeeneitherfreeorveryinexpensivebutnowsomemuseumsarecharging entrancefeesforthefirsttimeorraisingtheirprices.Evenwhenraised howeverentrancefeesaregenerallytoolowtosupportamuseumwithits usuallylargebuildinganditshighlytrainedstaff.Paragraph4______
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????????? ???????{{B}}?HighStressMayDamage Memory{{/B}}??AccordingtoareportissuedinMay1998elderly peoplewhohaveconsistentlyhighbloodlevelsofcortisoldon’tscoreaswell onmemorytestsastheirpeerswithlowerlevelsofthestresshormone.What’s morehighlevelsofcortisolarealsoassociatedwithshrinkingofthe hippocampusaregionofthebrainthatplaysakeyroleinlearningand memory.??Thefindingssuggestthatevencortisollevelsinthe normalhealthyrangecanactuallyacceleratebrainaging.??The studyresultsnowprovidesubstantialevidencethatlong-termexposureto adrenalstresshormonesmaypromotehippocampalaginginnormalelderlyhumans writeNadaPorterandPhilipLand-fieldoftheUniversityofKentuckyin LexingtonintheireditorialCortisolisahormonereleasedinresponseto stressbytheadrenalglandswhichsitontopofthekidneys.? ?OveraSto6-yearperiodDr.SoniaLupienandhiscolleaguesmeasured 24-hourcortisollevelsin51healthyvolunteersmostofwhomwereintheir 70s.??Despitewidevariationincortisollevelstheparticipants couldbedividedintothreesubgroups:thosewhosecortisolprogressively increasedovertimeandwascurrentlyhighincreasing/high~thosewhose cortisolprogressivelyincreasedovertimeandwascurrentlymoderate increasing/moderate;andsubjectswhosecortisoldecreasedbutwascurrently moderatedecreasing/moderate.??Theresearcherstestedthe volunteers’memoryonsixpeopleintheincreasing/highcategoryandfivepeople inthedecreasing/moderategroup.Thegroupsdidnotdifferontestsof immediatememorybuttheincreasing/highcortisolgrouphadothermemory problemscomparedwiththoseinthedecreasing/moderategroup.? ?Theresearchersalsofoundthatthetotalvolumeofthehippocampusin thoseintheincreasing/highgroupwas14％lowerthanthoseinthe decreasing/moderategroupalthoughtherewerenodifferencesinotherbrain regions.??Theresultssuggestthat...brainagingcanbe acceleratedbylevelsofadrenalhormonesthatarenotgenerallyregardedas pathologicalandthatvariationwithinthisnormalrangeisrelatedtovariation intherateofbrainagingwritePorterandLandfield.Thisfurthersuggests thatchronicstressmayacceleratetheworseningofhippocampus. ’TheresearchconductedbyPorterandLandfieldshowsthat
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{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有5处空白短文后有6个句子其中5个取自短文请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置以恢复文章原貌 ?????????? ??????????? ??{{B}}WatchingMicrocurrentsFlow{{/B}}??Wecannow watchelectricityasitflowsthrougheventhetiniestcircuits.By scanning扫描themagneticfield磁场generatedaselectriccurrentsflowthrough objects物体physicistshavemanaged{{U}}?46?{{/U}}.Thetechnology willallowmanufacturerstoscanmicrochipsforfaultsaswellasrevealing microscopicdefectsinanythingfromaircrafttobanknotes.??Gang XiaoandBenSchragatBrownUniversityinProvidenceRhodeIslandvisualize thecurrenthmeasuringsubtle细微的changesinthemagneticfieldofanobject and{{U}}?47?{{/U}}.??Theirsensorisadaptedfroman existingpiece现有配件oftechnologythatisusedtomeasurelargmagneticfields incomputerharddrives.Weredesignedthemagneticsensortomakeitcapable ofmeasuring测量veryweakchangesinmagneticfieldssaysXiao.? ?Theresultingdeviceiscapableofdetecting测定acurrentasweakas10 microamperesevenwhe:thewireisburieddeepwithinachipanditshowsup features图案assmallas40nanometersacross.??Atpresent engineerslookingfordefects缺陷inachiphavetopeeloff剥开thelayers andexaminethecircuitsvisually;thisisoneoftheobstacles{{U}}?48 ?{{/U}}.Butthenewmagneticmicroscopeisensitiveenoughtolookinside chipsandrevealfaultssuchasshortcircuitsnicksinthewiresorelectro migration电迁移—whereadenseareaofcurrentpicksupsurroundingatomsand movesthemalongItislikewatchingariverflowexplainsXiao.? ?Aswellasscanningtinycircuitsthemicroscopecanbeusedtoreveal theinternalstructureofan:objectcapableofconductingelectricity.For exampleitcouldlookdirectlyatmicroscopiccracksina:airplane’s fuselage{{U}}?49?{{/U}}.Thetechniquecannotyetpickupelectrical activityinthehuman:brainbecausethecurrentthereistoosmallbutXiao doesn’truleitout排除的可能性inthefuture.Icanneversayneverhe says.??Althoughtheresearchershaveonlyjustmadethetechnical detailsofthemicroscopepublicitisalreadyonsale上市fromelectronics companyMicroMagneticsinFallRiverMassachusetts.Itiscurrentlythesize ofarefrigeratorandtakesseveralminutestoscanacircuitbutXiaoand Schragareworking{{U}}?50?{{/U}}.??A.toshrinkitto thesizeofadesktopcomputerandcutthescanningtimeto30seconds? ?B.tomakingchipsanysmaller??C.totaketinychipswe require??D.topicturetheprogressofthecurrents? ?E.convertingtheinformationintoacolorpictureshowingthedensityof currentateachpoint??F.faultsinthemetalstripofaforged banknoteorbacteriainawatersample
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????????? ??{{B}}?PotatoesGivesYourImmuneSystemaBoost{{/B}}? ?Eatingpotatoesisnotonlygoodforbowelhealthbutalsoforthewhole immuneSystemespeciallywhentheycomeintheform0fapotatosaladoreaten Cold.InastudyonananimalmodelresearchersinSpainfoundthatpigsfed largequantitiesofrawpotatostarchRPSnotonlyhadahealthierbowelbut alsodecreasedlevelsofwhitebloodcellssuchasleucocytesandlymphocytes intheirblood.Whitebloodcellsareproducedasaresultofinflammationor diseasegenerallywhenthebodyischallenged.??Thegeneral down-regulationofleucocytesobservedbytheSpanishresearcherssuggestsan overallbeneficialeffectagenerallymorehealthybody.Thereductionin leucocytelevelswasabout15percent.Lowerlymphocytelevelsarealso indicativeofreducedlevelsofinflammationbuttheobservedreductioninboth lymphocytedensityandlymphocyteapoptosisissurprising.??In whatwasthelongeststudyofitskindpigswerefedRPSover14weekstofind outtheeffectofstarchonbowelhealth.?Theuseof:rawpotatostarch inthisexperimentisdesignedtosimulatetheeffectsofadiethighin resistantstarchsaidstudyleaderJoseFranciscoPerezattheUniversitat AutonomadeBarcelonaSpain.??Humansdonoteatrawpotatoes buttheydoeatalotoffoodsthatcontainresistantstarchsuchascold boiledpotatoeslegumesgrainsgreenbananaspastaandcereals.About10 percentofthestarcheatenbyhumanisresistantstarch--starchthatisnot digestedinthesmallintestineandsoisshuntedin-tothelargeintestine whereitferments.Starchconsumptionisthoughttoreducetheriskoflarge bowelcancerandmayalsohaveaneffectonirritablebowelsyndrome IBS.??ImmunologyexpertLenaOhman’steampreviouslyfoundthat theoveralllymphocytelevelsdonotvaryforIBSpatientsbutthatlymphocytes aretransferredfromtheperipheralbloodtothegutwhichsupportthe hypothesisofIBSbeingatleastpartiallyaninflammatorydisorder.Shesays thedecreaseinlymphocytesobservedbytheSpanishisthereforeinteresting andadietofresistantstarchmaybeworthtryinginIBSpatients.Ohmanis currentlyattheDepartmentofInternalMedicineGoteborgUniversitySweden. ThestudyispublishedinthejournalChemistryandIndustrythemagazineof theSCI.AllofthefollowingfoodsarerichinresistantstarchEXCEPT
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{{*HTML*}}? ?下面的短文后有2项测试任务第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项 ?????????? ??????????? ??????{{B}}MuseumsintheModern World{{/B}}1.Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesforthe privilegedfeworforboredvacationerstovisitonrainydays.Actionand democracyarewordsusedindescriptionsofmuseumsnow.2.Atascience museuminOntarioCanadayoucanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmless electricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNew YorkCityyoucanlookat17thcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheir music.AttheModemMuseuminSwedenyoucanputoncostumesprovidedbythe StockholmOpera.Astheseexamplesshowmuseumsarereachingouttonew audiencesparticularlytheyoungthepoorandthelesseducatedmembersof thepopulation.Asaresultattendanceisincreasing.??? ?????3.Moreandmoremuseumsdirectorsare realizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycansomehowbecomepartofwhatthey areseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsforexampletherearenoguidedtours.The visitorisencouragedtotouchlistenoperateandexperimentsoasto discoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.Hecanhavetheexperienceof operatingaspaceshipoxacomputer.Hecanexperimentwithglassblowingand papermaking.Thepurposeisnotonlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeople feelathomeintheworldofscience.Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonot understandsciencewillprobablyfearitandthosewhofearsciencewillnot useittobestadvantage.Manymuseumsnowprovideeducationalservicesand children’sdepartments.Inadditiontotheusualdisplaystheyalsoofferfilm showingsanddanceprograms.Insteadofbeingplacesthatoneshouldvisit theyareplacestoenjoy.4.Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincrease inwealthandleisuretime.Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoung peopleinthepopulation.Manyoftheseyoungpeoplearecollegestudentsor collegegraduates.Theyarebettereducatedthantheir.parents.Theyseethings inanewanddifferentway.Theyarenotcontenttostandandlookatworksof art;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.Thesameistrueofscienceand history.IntheUScertaingroupswhoformerlyweretoopoortocareabout anythingbeyondthebasicneedsofdailylifearenow.becomingcuriousabout theworldaroundthem.Theyoungpeopleinthesegroupslikeyoungpeoplein generalhavebenefitedfromabettereducationthantheirparentsreceived.All thesegroupsandtherestofthepopulationaswellhavebeeninfluencedby televisionwhichhastaughtthemaboutotherplacesandothertimes.5.The effectofallthishasbeentochangeexistingmuseumsandtoencouragethe buildingofnewones.IntheUSandCanadaalonetherearenowmorethan6000 museumsalmosttwiceasmanyastherewere25yearsago.Abouthalfofthemaxe devotedtohistoryandtherestareevenlydividedbetweentheartsand sciences.ThenumberofvisitorsaccordingtotheAmericanAssociationof museumshasrisentomorethan700millionayear.6.Infactthecrowdsof visitorsatsomemuseumsarecreatingamajorproblem.Admissiontomuseumshas alwaysbeeneitherfreeorveryinexpensivebutnowsomemuseumsarecharging entrancefeesforthefirsttimeorraisingtheirprices.Evenwhenraised howeverentrancefeesaregenerallytoolowtosupportamuseumwithits usuallylargebuildinganditshighlytrainedstaff.Nowmuseumsarenolongerrestrictedtotheprivilegedfewbut______
{{*HTML*}}? ?下面的短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文中没有提及请选择C ??????? ??????????? ???{{B}}AnObservationandanExplanation{{/B}}??It isworthlookingatoneortwoaspectsofthewayamotherbehavestowardsher baby.Theusualfondlingcuddlingandcleaningrequirelittlecommentbutthe positioninwhichsheholdsthebabyagainstherbodywhenrestingisrather revealing.Carefulstudieshaveshownthefactthat80percentofmothershold theirinfantsintheirleftarmsholdingthemagainsttheleftsideoftheir bodies.Ifaskedtoexplainthesignificanceofthispreferencemostpeople replythatitisobviouslytheresultofthepredominanceofright-handednessin thepopulation.Byholdingthebabiesintheirleftarmsthemotherskeeptheir dominantarmfreeformanipulations.Butadetailedanalysisshowsthatthisis notthecase.Truethereisaslightdifferencebetweenright-handedand left-handedfemales;butnotenoughtoprovideadequateexplanation.Itemerges that83percentofright-handedmothersholdthebabyontheleftsidebutso do78percentofleft-handedmothers.Inotherwordsonly22percentofthe left-handedmothershavetheirdominanthandsfreeforactions.Clearlythere mustbesomeotherlessobviousexplanation.??Theonlyother cluecomesfromthefactthattheheartisonthesideofthemother’sbody. Coulditbethatthesoundofherheartbeatisthevitalfactor?Andinwhat way?Thinkingalongtheselinesitwasarguedthatperhapsduringitsexistence insidethebodyofthemothertheunbornbabygetusedtothesoundoftheheart beat.Ifthisissothenthere-discoveryofthisfamiliarsoundafterbirth mighthaveaclaimingeffectontheinfantespeciallyasithasjustbeenborn intoastrangeandfrighteninglynewworld.Ifthisissothenthemotherwould somehowsoonarriveatthediscoverythatherbabyismoreatpeaceifheldon theleftagainstherheartthanontheright.Ababyheldintherightarmofitsmothercanbeeasilyfrightened.
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{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????????? ???????{{B}}?HighStressMayDamage Memory{{/B}}??AccordingtoareportissuedinMay1998elderly peoplewhohaveconsistentlyhighbloodlevelsofcortisoldon’tscoreaswell onmemorytestsastheirpeerswithlowerlevelsofthestresshormone.What’s morehighlevelsofcortisolarealsoassociatedwithshrinkingofthe hippocampusaregionofthebrainthatplaysakeyroleinlearningand memory.??Thefindingssuggestthatevencortisollevelsinthe normalhealthyrangecanactuallyacceleratebrainaging.??The studyresultsnowprovidesubstantialevidencethatlong-termexposureto adrenalstresshormonesmaypromotehippocampalaginginnormalelderlyhumans writeNadaPorterandPhilipLand-fieldoftheUniversityofKentuckyin LexingtonintheireditorialCortisolisahormonereleasedinresponseto stressbytheadrenalglandswhichsitontopofthekidneys.? ?OveraSto6-yearperiodDr.SoniaLupienandhiscolleaguesmeasured 24-hourcortisollevelsin51healthyvolunteersmostofwhomwereintheir 70s.??Despitewidevariationincortisollevelstheparticipants couldbedividedintothreesubgroups:thosewhosecortisolprogressively increasedovertimeandwascurrentlyhighincreasing/high~thosewhose cortisolprogressivelyincreasedovertimeandwascurrentlymoderate increasing/moderate;andsubjectswhosecortisoldecreasedbutwascurrently moderatedecreasing/moderate.??Theresearcherstestedthe volunteers’memoryonsixpeopleintheincreasing/highcategoryandfivepeople inthedecreasing/moderategroup.Thegroupsdidnotdifferontestsof immediatememorybuttheincreasing/highcortisolgrouphadothermemory problemscomparedwiththoseinthedecreasing/moderategroup.? ?Theresearchersalsofoundthatthetotalvolumeofthehippocampusin thoseintheincreasing/highgroupwas14％lowerthanthoseinthe decreasing/moderategroupalthoughtherewerenodifferencesinotherbrain regions.??Theresultssuggestthat...brainagingcanbe acceleratedbylevelsofadrenalhormonesthatarenotgenerallyregardedas pathologicalandthatvariationwithinthisnormalrangeisrelatedtovariation intherateofbrainagingwritePorterandLandfield.Thisfurthersuggests thatchronicstressmayacceleratetheworseningofhippocampus. ’Thepartofthebrainimportantforaperson’slearningandmemoryis
{{*HTML*}}? ?下面的短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文中没有提及请选择C ??????? ??????????? ???{{B}}AnObservationandanExplanation{{/B}}??It isworthlookingatoneortwoaspectsofthewayamotherbehavestowardsher baby.Theusualfondlingcuddlingandcleaningrequirelittlecommentbutthe positioninwhichsheholdsthebabyagainstherbodywhenrestingisrather revealing.Carefulstudieshaveshownthefactthat80percentofmothershold theirinfantsintheirleftarmsholdingthemagainsttheleftsideoftheir bodies.Ifaskedtoexplainthesignificanceofthispreferencemostpeople replythatitisobviouslytheresultofthepredominanceofright-handednessin thepopulation.Byholdingthebabiesintheirleftarmsthemotherskeeptheir dominantarmfreeformanipulations.Butadetailedanalysisshowsthatthisis notthecase.Truethereisaslightdifferencebetweenright-handedand left-handedfemales;butnotenoughtoprovideadequateexplanation.Itemerges that83percentofright-handedmothersholdthebabyontheleftsidebutso do78percentofleft-handedmothers.Inotherwordsonly22percentofthe left-handedmothershavetheirdominanthandsfreeforactions.Clearlythere mustbesomeotherlessobviousexplanation.??Theonlyother cluecomesfromthefactthattheheartisonthesideofthemother’sbody. Coulditbethatthesoundofherheartbeatisthevitalfactor?Andinwhat way?Thinkingalongtheselinesitwasarguedthatperhapsduringitsexistence insidethebodyofthemothertheunbornbabygetusedtothesoundoftheheart beat.Ifthisissothenthere-discoveryofthisfamiliarsoundafterbirth mighthaveaclaimingeffectontheinfantespeciallyasithasjustbeenborn intoastrangeandfrighteninglynewworld.Ifthisissothenthemotherwould somehowsoonarriveatthediscoverythatherbabyismoreatpeaceifheldon theleftagainstherheartthanontheright.Thefactthatmostleft-handedmothersholdthebabyontheirleftsiderendersthefirstexplanationunsustainable.
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ??????????? ??{{B}}CharterSchools{{/B}}??Americanpubliceducation haschangedinrecentyears.OnechangeisthatincreasingnumbersofAmerican parentsandteachersarestartingindependentpublicschoolscalledcharter schools.??In1991therewere{{U}}?51?{{/U}}charter schoolsintheUnitedStates.Todaymorethan2300charterschools{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}in34statesar/dtheDistrictofColumbia2575000 students{{U}}?53?{{/U}}theseschools.Thestudentsarefrom5years{{U}} ?54?{{/U}}agethrough18orolder.Acharterschooliscreatedby groupsofparentsteachersandcommunitymembers.Itissimilar{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}somewaystoatraditionalpublicschool.Itreceivestaxmoneyto operatejustas{{U}}?56?{{/U}}publicschoolsdo.Theamountit receivesdepends{{U}}?57?{{/U}}thenumberofstudents.Thecharter schoolmustprove{{U}}?58?{{/U}}localorstategovernmentsthatits studentsarelearning.Thesegovernmentsprovidetheschool{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}theagreementorcharterthatpermitsittooperate.? ?Unlikeatraditionalpublicschool{{U}}?60?{{/U}}thecharte’r schooldoesnothavetoobeymostlawsgoverningpublicschools.Localstateor federalgovernmentscannottellitwhattoteach.??Eachschool canchooseitsowngoalsanddecidethewaysitwantsto{{U}}?61 ?{{/U}}thosegoals.Classsizesusuallyaresmallerthaninmanytraditional publicschools.Manystudentsandparentssayteachersincharterschoolscanbe morecreative.??Howeverstateeducationagencieslocal education-governingcommitteesandunionsoften{{U}}?62 ?{{/U}}charterschools.Theysaytheseschoolsmayreceivemoneybadlyneeded bytraditionalpublicschools.Expertssaysomecharterschoolsaredoingwell whileothersarestruggling.??Congressprovided200million dollarsforestablishingcharterschoolsinthe2002federal budget.{{U}}?63?{{/U}}oftentheschoolssaytheytackenoughmoney fortheirprograms.Manyalsolackneededspace.??{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}manyofthe36charterschoolsintheDistrictofColumbiahold classesincrowdedbuildings.Theseschoolshavealmost11000students. Districtofficialssaytheyhaveprovided14formerschoolbuildings{{U}} ?65?{{/U}}chartereducation.Yetcharter-schoolsupporterssay officialsshouldtryhardertofindmorespace.
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{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ??????????? ??{{B}}CharterSchools{{/B}}??Americanpubliceducation haschangedinrecentyears.OnechangeisthatincreasingnumbersofAmerican parentsandteachersarestartingindependentpublicschoolscalledcharter schools.??In1991therewere{{U}}?51?{{/U}}charter schoolsintheUnitedStates.Todaymorethan2300charterschools{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}in34statesar/dtheDistrictofColumbia2575000 students{{U}}?53?{{/U}}theseschools.Thestudentsarefrom5years{{U}} ?54?{{/U}}agethrough18orolder.Acharterschooliscreatedby groupsofparentsteachersandcommunitymembers.Itissimilar{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}somewaystoatraditionalpublicschool.Itreceivestaxmoneyto operatejustas{{U}}?56?{{/U}}publicschoolsdo.Theamountit receivesdepends{{U}}?57?{{/U}}thenumberofstudents.Thecharter schoolmustprove{{U}}?58?{{/U}}localorstategovernmentsthatits studentsarelearning.Thesegovernmentsprovidetheschool{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}theagreementorcharterthatpermitsittooperate.? ?Unlikeatraditionalpublicschool{{U}}?60?{{/U}}thecharte’r schooldoesnothavetoobeymostlawsgoverningpublicschools.Localstateor federalgovernmentscannottellitwhattoteach.??Eachschool canchooseitsowngoalsanddecidethewaysitwantsto{{U}}?61 ?{{/U}}thosegoals.Classsizesusuallyaresmallerthaninmanytraditional publicschools.Manystudentsandparentssayteachersincharterschoolscanbe morecreative.??Howeverstateeducationagencieslocal education-governingcommitteesandunionsoften{{U}}?62 ?{{/U}}charterschools.Theysaytheseschoolsmayreceivemoneybadlyneeded bytraditionalpublicschools.Expertssaysomecharterschoolsaredoingwell whileothersarestruggling.??Congressprovided200million dollarsforestablishingcharterschoolsinthe2002federal budget.{{U}}?63?{{/U}}oftentheschoolssaytheytackenoughmoney fortheirprograms.Manyalsolackneededspace.??{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}manyofthe36charterschoolsintheDistrictofColumbiahold classesincrowdedbuildings.Theseschoolshavealmost11000students. Districtofficialssaytheyhaveprovided14formerschoolbuildings{{U}} ?65?{{/U}}chartereducation.Yetcharter-schoolsupporterssay officialsshouldtryhardertofindmorespace.
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有5处空白短文后有6个句子其中5个取自短文请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置以恢复文章原貌 ?????????? ??????????? ??{{B}}WatchingMicrocurrentsFlow{{/B}}??Wecannow watchelectricityasitflowsthrougheventhetiniestcircuits.By scanning扫描themagneticfield磁场generatedaselectriccurrentsflowthrough objects物体physicistshavemanaged{{U}}?46?{{/U}}.Thetechnology willallowmanufacturerstoscanmicrochipsforfaultsaswellasrevealing microscopicdefectsinanythingfromaircrafttobanknotes.??Gang XiaoandBenSchragatBrownUniversityinProvidenceRhodeIslandvisualize thecurrenthmeasuringsubtle细微的changesinthemagneticfieldofanobject and{{U}}?47?{{/U}}.??Theirsensorisadaptedfroman existingpiece现有配件oftechnologythatisusedtomeasurelargmagneticfields incomputerharddrives.Weredesignedthemagneticsensortomakeitcapable ofmeasuring测量veryweakchangesinmagneticfieldssaysXiao.? ?Theresultingdeviceiscapableofdetecting测定acurrentasweakas10 microamperesevenwhe:thewireisburieddeepwithinachipanditshowsup features图案assmallas40nanometersacross.??Atpresent engineerslookingfordefects缺陷inachiphavetopeeloff剥开thelayers andexaminethecircuitsvisually;thisisoneoftheobstacles{{U}}?48 ?{{/U}}.Butthenewmagneticmicroscopeisensitiveenoughtolookinside chipsandrevealfaultssuchasshortcircuitsnicksinthewiresorelectro migration电迁移—whereadenseareaofcurrentpicksupsurroundingatomsand movesthemalongItislikewatchingariverflowexplainsXiao.? ?Aswellasscanningtinycircuitsthemicroscopecanbeusedtoreveal theinternalstructureofan:objectcapableofconductingelectricity.For exampleitcouldlookdirectlyatmicroscopiccracksina:airplane’s fuselage{{U}}?49?{{/U}}.Thetechniquecannotyetpickupelectrical activityinthehuman:brainbecausethecurrentthereistoosmallbutXiao doesn’truleitout排除的可能性inthefuture.Icanneversayneverhe says.??Althoughtheresearchershaveonlyjustmadethetechnical detailsofthemicroscopepublicitisalreadyonsale上市fromelectronics companyMicroMagneticsinFallRiverMassachusetts.Itiscurrentlythesize ofarefrigeratorandtakesseveralminutestoscanacircuitbutXiaoand Schragareworking{{U}}?50?{{/U}}.??A.toshrinkitto thesizeofadesktopcomputerandcutthescanningtimeto30seconds? ?B.tomakingchipsanysmaller??C.totaketinychipswe require??D.topicturetheprogressofthecurrents? ?E.convertingtheinformationintoacolorpictureshowingthedensityof currentateachpoint??F.faultsinthemetalstripofaforged banknoteorbacteriainawatersample
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ??????????? ??{{B}}CharterSchools{{/B}}??Americanpubliceducation haschangedinrecentyears.OnechangeisthatincreasingnumbersofAmerican parentsandteachersarestartingindependentpublicschoolscalledcharter schools.??In1991therewere{{U}}?51?{{/U}}charter schoolsintheUnitedStates.Todaymorethan2300charterschools{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}in34statesar/dtheDistrictofColumbia2575000 students{{U}}?53?{{/U}}theseschools.Thestudentsarefrom5years{{U}} ?54?{{/U}}agethrough18orolder.Acharterschooliscreatedby groupsofparentsteachersandcommunitymembers.Itissimilar{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}somewaystoatraditionalpublicschool.Itreceivestaxmoneyto operatejustas{{U}}?56?{{/U}}publicschoolsdo.Theamountit receivesdepends{{U}}?57?{{/U}}thenumberofstudents.Thecharter schoolmustprove{{U}}?58?{{/U}}localorstategovernmentsthatits studentsarelearning.Thesegovernmentsprovidetheschool{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}theagreementorcharterthatpermitsittooperate.? ?Unlikeatraditionalpublicschool{{U}}?60?{{/U}}thecharte’r schooldoesnothavetoobeymostlawsgoverningpublicschools.Localstateor federalgovernmentscannottellitwhattoteach.??Eachschool canchooseitsowngoalsanddecidethewaysitwantsto{{U}}?61 ?{{/U}}thosegoals.Classsizesusuallyaresmallerthaninmanytraditional publicschools.Manystudentsandparentssayteachersincharterschoolscanbe morecreative.??Howeverstateeducationagencieslocal education-governingcommitteesandunionsoften{{U}}?62 ?{{/U}}charterschools.Theysaytheseschoolsmayreceivemoneybadlyneeded bytraditionalpublicschools.Expertssaysomecharterschoolsaredoingwell whileothersarestruggling.??Congressprovided200million dollarsforestablishingcharterschoolsinthe2002federal budget.{{U}}?63?{{/U}}oftentheschoolssaytheytackenoughmoney fortheirprograms.Manyalsolackneededspace.??{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}manyofthe36charterschoolsintheDistrictofColumbiahold classesincrowdedbuildings.Theseschoolshavealmost11000students. Districtofficialssaytheyhaveprovided14formerschoolbuildings{{U}} ?65?{{/U}}chartereducation.Yetcharter-schoolsupporterssay officialsshouldtryhardertofindmorespace.
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{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????????? ??{{B}}?PotatoesGivesYourImmuneSystemaBoost{{/B}}? ?Eatingpotatoesisnotonlygoodforbowelhealthbutalsoforthewhole immuneSystemespeciallywhentheycomeintheform0fapotatosaladoreaten Cold.InastudyonananimalmodelresearchersinSpainfoundthatpigsfed largequantitiesofrawpotatostarchRPSnotonlyhadahealthierbowelbut alsodecreasedlevelsofwhitebloodcellssuchasleucocytesandlymphocytes intheirblood.Whitebloodcellsareproducedasaresultofinflammationor diseasegenerallywhenthebodyischallenged.??Thegeneral down-regulationofleucocytesobservedbytheSpanishresearcherssuggestsan overallbeneficialeffectagenerallymorehealthybody.Thereductionin leucocytelevelswasabout15percent.Lowerlymphocytelevelsarealso indicativeofreducedlevelsofinflammationbuttheobservedreductioninboth lymphocytedensityandlymphocyteapoptosisissurprising.??In whatwasthelongeststudyofitskindpigswerefedRPSover14weekstofind outtheeffectofstarchonbowelhealth.?Theuseof:rawpotatostarch inthisexperimentisdesignedtosimulatetheeffectsofadiethighin resistantstarchsaidstudyleaderJoseFranciscoPerezattheUniversitat AutonomadeBarcelonaSpain.??Humansdonoteatrawpotatoes buttheydoeatalotoffoodsthatcontainresistantstarchsuchascold boiledpotatoeslegumesgrainsgreenbananaspastaandcereals.About10 percentofthestarcheatenbyhumanisresistantstarch--starchthatisnot digestedinthesmallintestineandsoisshuntedin-tothelargeintestine whereitferments.Starchconsumptionisthoughttoreducetheriskoflarge bowelcancerandmayalsohaveaneffectonirritablebowelsyndrome IBS.??ImmunologyexpertLenaOhman’steampreviouslyfoundthat theoveralllymphocytelevelsdonotvaryforIBSpatientsbutthatlymphocytes aretransferredfromtheperipheralbloodtothegutwhichsupportthe hypothesisofIBSbeingatleastpartiallyaninflammatorydisorder.Shesays thedecreaseinlymphocytesobservedbytheSpanishisthereforeinteresting andadietofresistantstarchmaybeworthtryinginIBSpatients.Ohmanis currentlyattheDepartmentofInternalMedicineGoteborgUniversitySweden. ThestudyispublishedinthejournalChemistryandIndustrythemagazineof theSCI.Whatdoesthereductioninleucocytelevelsinthebodymean?
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ??????????? ??{{B}}CharterSchools{{/B}}??Americanpubliceducation haschangedinrecentyears.OnechangeisthatincreasingnumbersofAmerican parentsandteachersarestartingindependentpublicschoolscalledcharter schools.??In1991therewere{{U}}?51?{{/U}}charter schoolsintheUnitedStates.Todaymorethan2300charterschools{{U}} ?52?{{/U}}in34statesar/dtheDistrictofColumbia2575000 students{{U}}?53?{{/U}}theseschools.Thestudentsarefrom5years{{U}} ?54?{{/U}}agethrough18orolder.Acharterschooliscreatedby groupsofparentsteachersandcommunitymembers.Itissimilar{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}somewaystoatraditionalpublicschool.Itreceivestaxmoneyto operatejustas{{U}}?56?{{/U}}publicschoolsdo.Theamountit receivesdepends{{U}}?57?{{/U}}thenumberofstudents.Thecharter schoolmustprove{{U}}?58?{{/U}}localorstategovernmentsthatits studentsarelearning.Thesegovernmentsprovidetheschool{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}theagreementorcharterthatpermitsittooperate.? ?Unlikeatraditionalpublicschool{{U}}?60?{{/U}}thecharte’r schooldoesnothavetoobeymostlawsgoverningpublicschools.Localstateor federalgovernmentscannottellitwhattoteach.??Eachschool canchooseitsowngoalsanddecidethewaysitwantsto{{U}}?61 ?{{/U}}thosegoals.Classsizesusuallyaresmallerthaninmanytraditional publicschools.Manystudentsandparentssayteachersincharterschoolscanbe morecreative.??Howeverstateeducationagencieslocal education-governingcommitteesandunionsoften{{U}}?62 ?{{/U}}charterschools.Theysaytheseschoolsmayreceivemoneybadlyneeded bytraditionalpublicschools.Expertssaysomecharterschoolsaredoingwell whileothersarestruggling.??Congressprovided200million dollarsforestablishingcharterschoolsinthe2002federal budget.{{U}}?63?{{/U}}oftentheschoolssaytheytackenoughmoney fortheirprograms.Manyalsolackneededspace.??{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}manyofthe36charterschoolsintheDistrictofColumbiahold classesincrowdedbuildings.Theseschoolshavealmost11000students. Districtofficialssaytheyhaveprovided14formerschoolbuildings{{U}} ?65?{{/U}}chartereducation.Yetcharter-schoolsupporterssay officialsshouldtryhardertofindmorespace.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????????? ???????{{B}}?HighStressMayDamage Memory{{/B}}??AccordingtoareportissuedinMay1998elderly peoplewhohaveconsistentlyhighbloodlevelsofcortisoldon’tscoreaswell onmemorytestsastheirpeerswithlowerlevelsofthestresshormone.What’s morehighlevelsofcortisolarealsoassociatedwithshrinkingofthe hippocampusaregionofthebrainthatplaysakeyroleinlearningand memory.??Thefindingssuggestthatevencortisollevelsinthe normalhealthyrangecanactuallyacceleratebrainaging.??The studyresultsnowprovidesubstantialevidencethatlong-termexposureto adrenalstresshormonesmaypromotehippocampalaginginnormalelderlyhumans writeNadaPorterandPhilipLand-fieldoftheUniversityofKentuckyin LexingtonintheireditorialCortisolisahormonereleasedinresponseto stressbytheadrenalglandswhichsitontopofthekidneys.? ?OveraSto6-yearperiodDr.SoniaLupienandhiscolleaguesmeasured 24-hourcortisollevelsin51healthyvolunteersmostofwhomwereintheir 70s.??Despitewidevariationincortisollevelstheparticipants couldbedividedintothreesubgroups:thosewhosecortisolprogressively increasedovertimeandwascurrentlyhighincreasing/high~thosewhose cortisolprogressivelyincreasedovertimeandwascurrentlymoderate increasing/moderate;andsubjectswhosecortisoldecreasedbutwascurrently moderatedecreasing/moderate.??Theresearcherstestedthe volunteers’memoryonsixpeopleintheincreasing/highcategoryandfivepeople inthedecreasing/moderategroup.Thegroupsdidnotdifferontestsof immediatememorybuttheincreasing/highcortisolgrouphadothermemory problemscomparedwiththoseinthedecreasing/moderategroup.? ?Theresearchersalsofoundthatthetotalvolumeofthehippocampusin thoseintheincreasing/highgroupwas14％lowerthanthoseinthe decreasing/moderategroupalthoughtherewerenodifferencesinotherbrain regions.??Theresultssuggestthat...brainagingcanbe acceleratedbylevelsofadrenalhormonesthatarenotgenerallyregardedas pathologicalandthatvariationwithinthisnormalrangeisrelatedtovariation intherateofbrainagingwritePorterandLandfield.Thisfurthersuggests thatchronicstressmayacceleratetheworseningofhippocampus. ’Accordingtothearticlewhenpeoplefeeltooworriedornervousorwhentheyoverwork
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