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The American Civil War was a very sad time for the United States. The people of the country were ...
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Inancienttimesmostculturesandcivilizationsmadesomereferencetotheoriginoftheirlanguages.Howevertheydidnotstudylanguagebyobservationorexperimentation——atleastasfaraswecanjudgefromrecordsthathavesurvivedtothisday.Mostcommentsontheoriginsoflanguagescometousinfolk-talesorreligiouswritings.ButtheGreekhistorianHerodotustellsusofoneexperiment.AnEgyptiankingnamedPsammmetichoswishedtofindoutwhichwastheworld’soldestlanguage.Togainthisinformationhedecidedtoisolatetwonewbornbabiesuntiltheybegantospeak.Becausetheywerekeptfromadultstheywouldhavenopatternstoimitate.Thekingmadetheassumptionthatthechildrenwouldspeakwhatwasanaturallanguage——whichwouldbetheoldest.AftersomemonthsthechildrenwereheardtomakeaSoundwhichwasrecordedasbekos.ThiswasfoundtobeverysimilartothePhrygianwordforbread.ThereforePhrygiancalanguageoncespokeninAsia.Minorwasconsideredtobetheflintlanguageofmankind.AtleastbyKingPsammetichosandwemayassumebyhiscourt.Accordingtotheauthortheking’sconclusion______.
Mostofyougraduatingtodaywillbeemployeesallyourworkinglifeworkingforsomebodyelseandforapaycheck.Andsowillmost21notallofthethousandsofotheryoungAmericansgraduatingthisyearinalltheotherschoolsandcollegesacrossthecountry. 22hasbecomeasocietyofemployees.Ahundredyearsorsoagoonlyone23everyfiveAmericansallworkwasemployedi.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonly20%ofAmericansarenotemployedbutworkingforthemselves.And24fiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meant25asafactorylaborerorasafarmhandtheemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwitha26formaleducationholdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiring27andtechnicalskills.28twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:themiddleandupperclasseshavebecomeemployees;andmiddle-classand29employeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworkerthat30childoftheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenlosinginnumericalimportance31theexpansionofindustrialproduction. Thisisoneofthemostprofoundsocialchangesanycountry32.Itishoweveraperhaps33greaterchangefortheindividualyoungman34tostart.Whateverhedoesinall35hewilldoitasanemployee;whereverheaimsheWillhavetotrytoreachit36beinganemployee. Asanemployeeyouworkwithandthroughotherpeople.Thismeansthatyoursuccessasanemployeewill37onyourabilitytocommunicatewithpeopleandtopresentyourownthoughtsandideastothem38theywillbothunderstandwhatyouaredriving39andbepersuaded.Theletterthereportormemorandum记录the40spoken"presentation"toacommitteearebasictoolsoftheemployee. 26
Mostofyougraduatingtodaywillbeemployeesallyourworkinglifeworkingforsomebodyelseandforapaycheck.Andsowillmost21notallofthethousandsofotheryoungAmericansgraduatingthisyearinalltheotherschoolsandcollegesacrossthecountry. 22hasbecomeasocietyofemployees.Ahundredyearsorsoagoonlyone23everyfiveAmericansallworkwasemployedi.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonly20%ofAmericansarenotemployedbutworkingforthemselves.And24fiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meant25asafactorylaborerorasafarmhandtheemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwitha26formaleducationholdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiring27andtechnicalskills.28twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:themiddleandupperclasseshavebecomeemployees;andmiddle-classand29employeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworkerthat30childoftheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenlosinginnumericalimportance31theexpansionofindustrialproduction. Thisisoneofthemostprofoundsocialchangesanycountry32.Itishoweveraperhaps33greaterchangefortheindividualyoungman34tostart.Whateverhedoesinall35hewilldoitasanemployee;whereverheaimsheWillhavetotrytoreachit36beinganemployee. Asanemployeeyouworkwithandthroughotherpeople.Thismeansthatyoursuccessasanemployeewill37onyourabilitytocommunicatewithpeopleandtopresentyourownthoughtsandideastothem38theywillbothunderstandwhatyouaredriving39andbepersuaded.Theletterthereportormemorandum记录the40spoken"presentation"toacommitteearebasictoolsoftheemployee. 32
Mostofyougraduatingtodaywillbeemployeesallyourworkinglifeworkingforsomebodyelseandforapaycheck.Andsowillmost21notallofthethousandsofotheryoungAmericansgraduatingthisyearinalltheotherschoolsandcollegesacrossthecountry. 22hasbecomeasocietyofemployees.Ahundredyearsorsoagoonlyone23everyfiveAmericansallworkwasemployedi.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonly20%ofAmericansarenotemployedbutworkingforthemselves.And24fiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meant25asafactorylaborerorasafarmhandtheemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwitha26formaleducationholdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiring27andtechnicalskills.28twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:themiddleandupperclasseshavebecomeemployees;andmiddle-classand29employeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworkerthat30childoftheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenlosinginnumericalimportance31theexpansionofindustrialproduction. Thisisoneofthemostprofoundsocialchangesanycountry32.Itishoweveraperhaps33greaterchangefortheindividualyoungman34tostart.Whateverhedoesinall35hewilldoitasanemployee;whereverheaimsheWillhavetotrytoreachit36beinganemployee. Asanemployeeyouworkwithandthroughotherpeople.Thismeansthatyoursuccessasanemployeewill37onyourabilitytocommunicatewithpeopleandtopresentyourownthoughtsandideastothem38theywillbothunderstandwhatyouaredriving39andbepersuaded.Theletterthereportormemorandum记录the40spoken"presentation"toacommitteearebasictoolsoftheemployee. 34
Inancienttimesmostculturesandcivilizationsmadesomereferencetotheoriginoftheirlanguages.Howevertheydidnotstudylanguagebyobservationorexperimentation——atleastasfaraswecanjudgefromrecordsthathavesurvivedtothisday.Mostcommentsontheoriginsoflanguagescometousinfolk-talesorreligiouswritings.ButtheGreekhistorianHerodotustellsusofoneexperiment.AnEgyptiankingnamedPsammmetichoswishedtofindoutwhichwastheworld’soldestlanguage.Togainthisinformationhedecidedtoisolatetwonewbornbabiesuntiltheybegantospeak.Becausetheywerekeptfromadultstheywouldhavenopatternstoimitate.Thekingmadetheassumptionthatthechildrenwouldspeakwhatwasanaturallanguage——whichwouldbetheoldest.AftersomemonthsthechildrenwereheardtomakeaSoundwhichwasrecordedasbekos.ThiswasfoundtobeverysimilartothePhrygianwordforbread.ThereforePhrygiancalanguageoncespokeninAsia.Minorwasconsideredtobetheflintlanguageofmankind.AtleastbyKingPsammetichosandwemayassumebyhiscourt.Fromhisexperimentthekingconcludedthat______.
Duringthesummersessionthesewillbearevisedscheduleofservicesfortheuniversitycommunity.Specificchangesforintercampusbusservicesthecafeteriaandsummerhoursfortheinfirmary医务室andrecreationalandathleticfacilitieswillbepostedonthebulletinbeardoutsideofthecafeteria.WeeklymovieandconcertscheduleswhichareintheprocessofbeingarrangedwillbepostedeachWednesdayoutsideofthecafeteria.Intercampusbuseswillleavethemainhalleveryhouronthehalfhourandmakealloftheregularstopsontheirroutearoundthecampus.Thecafeteriawillservebreakfastlunchandearlydinnerfrom7a.m.to7p.m.duringtheweekandfromnoonto7p.m.onweekends.ThelibrarywillmaintainregularhoursduringtheweekbutshorterhoursonSaturdaysandSundays.Theweekendhoursarefromnoonto7p.m..Allstudentswhowanttousethelibraryborrowingservicesandtherecreationalathleticandentertainmentfacilitiesmusthavevalidsummeridentificationcards.Thisannouncementwillalsoappearinthenextissueofthestudentnewspaper.Accordingtotheannouncementwhichofthefollowingistreeofspecialsummerhoursforthelibrary
Therearevariousinwhichindividualeconomicunitscaninteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystemtheadministeredsystemandthetraditionalsystem.Inamarketsystemindividualeconomicunitsarefreetointeractamongeachotherinthemarketplace.Itispossibletobuycommoditiesfromothereconomicunitsorsellcommoditiestothem.Inamarkettransactionsmaytakeplaceviabarterormoneyexchange.Inabartereconomyrealgoodssuchasautomobilesshoesandpizzasaretradedagainsteachother.Obviouslyfindingsomebodywhowantstotrademyoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.Hencetheintroductionofmoneyasamediumofexchangeeasestransactionsconsiderably.Inthemodemmarketeconomygoodsandservicesareboughtorsoldformoney.Analternativetothe.marketsystemisadministrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions.Thisagencywillissueedictsorcommandsastohowmuchofeachgoodandserviceshouldbeproducedexchangedandconsumedbyeacheconomicunit.Centralplanningmaybeonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentralplandrawnupbythegovernmentshowstheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocatedtodifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.Thisisanexampleofcompleteplaningofproductionconsumptionandexchangeforthewholeeconomy.Inatraditionalsocietyproductionandconsumptionpatternsaregovernedbytradition:everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentagereligionandcustom.Transactionstakeplaceonthebasisoftraditiontoo.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingrouporcastemayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersonsprovidethemwithfoodandsheltercarefortheirhealthandprovidefortheireducation.Clearlyinasystemwhereeverydecisionismadeonthebasisoftraditionaloneprogressmaybedifficulttoachieve.Astagnantsocietymayresult.Accordingtothepassagewhohasthegreatestdegreeofcontrolinanadministeredsystem
Mostofyougraduatingtodaywillbeemployeesallyourworkinglifeworkingforsomebodyelseandforapaycheck.Andsowillmost21notallofthethousandsofotheryoungAmericansgraduatingthisyearinalltheotherschoolsandcollegesacrossthecountry. 22hasbecomeasocietyofemployees.Ahundredyearsorsoagoonlyone23everyfiveAmericansallworkwasemployedi.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonly20%ofAmericansarenotemployedbutworkingforthemselves.And24fiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meant25asafactorylaborerorasafarmhandtheemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwitha26formaleducationholdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiring27andtechnicalskills.28twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:themiddleandupperclasseshavebecomeemployees;andmiddle-classand29employeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworkerthat30childoftheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenlosinginnumericalimportance31theexpansionofindustrialproduction. Thisisoneofthemostprofoundsocialchangesanycountry32.Itishoweveraperhaps33greaterchangefortheindividualyoungman34tostart.Whateverhedoesinall35hewilldoitasanemployee;whereverheaimsheWillhavetotrytoreachit36beinganemployee. Asanemployeeyouworkwithandthroughotherpeople.Thismeansthatyoursuccessasanemployeewill37onyourabilitytocommunicatewithpeopleandtopresentyourownthoughtsandideastothem38theywillbothunderstandwhatyouaredriving39andbepersuaded.Theletterthereportormemorandum记录the40spoken"presentation"toacommitteearebasictoolsoftheemployee. 30
IntheU.S.thetelevisionsethasattainedtherankofalegalnecessitysafefromrepossession.debtalongwithclothescookingutensilsandthelike.
Mostofyougraduatingtodaywillbeemployeesallyourworkinglifeworkingforsomebodyelseandforapaycheck.Andsowillmost21notallofthethousandsofotheryoungAmericansgraduatingthisyearinalltheotherschoolsandcollegesacrossthecountry. 22hasbecomeasocietyofemployees.Ahundredyearsorsoagoonlyone23everyfiveAmericansallworkwasemployedi.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonly20%ofAmericansarenotemployedbutworkingforthemselves.And24fiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meant25asafactorylaborerorasafarmhandtheemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwitha26formaleducationholdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiring27andtechnicalskills.28twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:themiddleandupperclasseshavebecomeemployees;andmiddle-classand29employeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworkerthat30childoftheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenlosinginnumericalimportance31theexpansionofindustrialproduction. Thisisoneofthemostprofoundsocialchangesanycountry32.Itishoweveraperhaps33greaterchangefortheindividualyoungman34tostart.Whateverhedoesinall35hewilldoitasanemployee;whereverheaimsheWillhavetotrytoreachit36beinganemployee. Asanemployeeyouworkwithandthroughotherpeople.Thismeansthatyoursuccessasanemployeewill37onyourabilitytocommunicatewithpeopleandtopresentyourownthoughtsandideastothem38theywillbothunderstandwhatyouaredriving39andbepersuaded.Theletterthereportormemorandum记录the40spoken"presentation"toacommitteearebasictoolsoftheemployee. 38
Mostofyougraduatingtodaywillbeemployeesallyourworkinglifeworkingforsomebodyelseandforapaycheck.Andsowillmost21notallofthethousandsofotheryoungAmericansgraduatingthisyearinalltheotherschoolsandcollegesacrossthecountry. 22hasbecomeasocietyofemployees.Ahundredyearsorsoagoonlyone23everyfiveAmericansallworkwasemployedi.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonly20%ofAmericansarenotemployedbutworkingforthemselves.And24fiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meant25asafactorylaborerorasafarmhandtheemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwitha26formaleducationholdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiring27andtechnicalskills.28twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:themiddleandupperclasseshavebecomeemployees;andmiddle-classand29employeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworkerthat30childoftheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenlosinginnumericalimportance31theexpansionofindustrialproduction. Thisisoneofthemostprofoundsocialchangesanycountry32.Itishoweveraperhaps33greaterchangefortheindividualyoungman34tostart.Whateverhedoesinall35hewilldoitasanemployee;whereverheaimsheWillhavetotrytoreachit36beinganemployee. Asanemployeeyouworkwithandthroughotherpeople.Thismeansthatyoursuccessasanemployeewill37onyourabilitytocommunicatewithpeopleandtopresentyourownthoughtsandideastothem38theywillbothunderstandwhatyouaredriving39andbepersuaded.Theletterthereportormemorandum记录the40spoken"presentation"toacommitteearebasictoolsoftheemployee. 36
Mostofyougraduatingtodaywillbeemployeesallyourworkinglifeworkingforsomebodyelseandforapaycheck.Andsowillmost21notallofthethousandsofotheryoungAmericansgraduatingthisyearinalltheotherschoolsandcollegesacrossthecountry. 22hasbecomeasocietyofemployees.Ahundredyearsorsoagoonlyone23everyfiveAmericansallworkwasemployedi.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonly20%ofAmericansarenotemployedbutworkingforthemselves.And24fiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meant25asafactorylaborerorasafarmhandtheemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwitha26formaleducationholdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiring27andtechnicalskills.28twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:themiddleandupperclasseshavebecomeemployees;andmiddle-classand29employeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworkerthat30childoftheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenlosinginnumericalimportance31theexpansionofindustrialproduction. Thisisoneofthemostprofoundsocialchangesanycountry32.Itishoweveraperhaps33greaterchangefortheindividualyoungman34tostart.Whateverhedoesinall35hewilldoitasanemployee;whereverheaimsheWillhavetotrytoreachit36beinganemployee. Asanemployeeyouworkwithandthroughotherpeople.Thismeansthatyoursuccessasanemployeewill37onyourabilitytocommunicatewithpeopleandtopresentyourownthoughtsandideastothem38theywillbothunderstandwhatyouaredriving39andbepersuaded.Theletterthereportormemorandum记录the40spoken"presentation"toacommitteearebasictoolsoftheemployee. 22
A.eight B.bright C.night D.enoughh
Despitethefactthattodayviruses病毒areknowntocausecancerinanimalsandincertainplantsthereexistsagreatreluctancetoacceptvirusesasbeingofimportanceinhumancancer.Basicbiologicalphenomenagenerallydonotdifferstrikinglyasonegoesfromonespeciestoanother.Itshouldberecognizedthatcancerisabiologicalproblemandnotaproblemthatisuniqueforman.Canceroriginateswhenanormalcellsuddenlybecomesacancercellwhichmultiplieswidelyandwithoutapparentrestraint.Cancermayoriginateinmanydifferentkindsofcellbutthecancercellusuallycontinuestocarrycertaintraits特性ofthecelloforigin.Thetransformationofanormalcellintoacancercellmayhavemorethanonekindofcausebutthemisgoodreasontoconsidertherelationshipsthatexistbetweenvirusesandcancer.Sincethereisnoevidencethathumancancerasgenerallyexperiencedisinfectionsmanypersonsbelievethatbecausevirusesareinfectionsagentstheycannotpossiblybeofimportanceinhumancancer.Howevervirusescanmutate突变andexamplesareknowninwhichavirusthatneverkillsitshostcanmutatetoformanewstrainofvirusthatalwayskillsitshost.Itdoesnotseemunreasonabletoassumethataninnocuous无害的latent潜伏的virusmightmutatetoformastrainthatcausescancer.Certainlytheexperimentalevidencenowavailableisconsistentwiththeideathatvirusesasweknowthemtodaycouldbethecausative引起的agentsofmostifnotallcancerincludingcancerinman.Thebesttitleforthispassageis______.
Afriendofminereturnedtohishouseafteraholidayonlytofinditbrokeninto.
Mostofyougraduatingtodaywillbeemployeesallyourworkinglifeworkingforsomebodyelseandforapaycheck.Andsowillmost21notallofthethousandsofotheryoungAmericansgraduatingthisyearinalltheotherschoolsandcollegesacrossthecountry. 22hasbecomeasocietyofemployees.Ahundredyearsorsoagoonlyone23everyfiveAmericansallworkwasemployedi.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonly20%ofAmericansarenotemployedbutworkingforthemselves.And24fiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meant25asafactorylaborerorasafarmhandtheemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwitha26formaleducationholdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiring27andtechnicalskills.28twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:themiddleandupperclasseshavebecomeemployees;andmiddle-classand29employeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworkerthat30childoftheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenlosinginnumericalimportance31theexpansionofindustrialproduction. Thisisoneofthemostprofoundsocialchangesanycountry32.Itishoweveraperhaps33greaterchangefortheindividualyoungman34tostart.Whateverhedoesinall35hewilldoitasanemployee;whereverheaimsheWillhavetotrytoreachit36beinganemployee. Asanemployeeyouworkwithandthroughotherpeople.Thismeansthatyoursuccessasanemployeewill37onyourabilitytocommunicatewithpeopleandtopresentyourownthoughtsandideastothem38theywillbothunderstandwhatyouaredriving39andbepersuaded.Theletterthereportormemorandum记录the40spoken"presentation"toacommitteearebasictoolsoftheemployee. 24
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WhatdowethinkwithOnlythebrainHardly.Thebrainistikeatelephoneexchange.Itistheswitchboardbutnotthewholesystem.Itsfunctionistoreceiveincomingsignalsmakeproperconnectionsandsendthemessagesthroughtotheirdestination.Forefficientservicethebodymustfunctionasawhole.Butwhereisthemind’IsitinthebrainOrperhapsinthenervoussystemAfterallcanwesaythatthemindisinanyparticularplaceItisnotathinglikealegoreventhebrain.Itisafunctionanactivity.Aristotletwenty-threehundredyearsagoobservedthatthemindwastothebodywhatcuttingwastotheax.Whentheaxisnotinusethereisnocutting.Sowiththemind.mindsaidCharlesH•Woolbertiswhatthebodyisdoing.Ifthisactivityisnecessaryforthinkingitisalsonecessaryforcarryingthoughtfromonepersontoanother.Observehowpeoplegoaboutthebusinessofordinaryconversation.Ifyouhaveneverdonethispainstakingly费力的youhaveasurpriseinmotion.Theirheadsarecontinuallynoddingandshakingsometimessovigorouslythatyouwonderhowtheirneckscanstandthestrain.Eventhelegsandfeetareactive.Asforthehandsandarmstheyareseldomstillformorethanafewsecondsatatime.Thesepeoplerememberarenotmakingspeeches.Theyaremerelycommonfolktryingtomakeothersunderstandwhattheyhaveinmind.Theyarenotconsciousofmovement.Theirspeechisnotstudied.Theyarejusthumancreaturesinahumanenvironmenttryingtoadaptthemselvestoasocialsituation.Yettheyconversenotonlywithorallanguagebutwithvisibleactionsthatinvolvepracticallyeverymuscleinthebody.Inshortbecausepeoplereallythinkalloveraspeakermusttalkalloverifhesucceedsinmakingpeoplethink.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthoragreewith
Therearevariousinwhichindividualeconomicunitscaninteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystemtheadministeredsystemandthetraditionalsystem.Inamarketsystemindividualeconomicunitsarefreetointeractamongeachotherinthemarketplace.Itispossibletobuycommoditiesfromothereconomicunitsorsellcommoditiestothem.Inamarkettransactionsmaytakeplaceviabarterormoneyexchange.Inabartereconomyrealgoodssuchasautomobilesshoesandpizzasaretradedagainsteachother.Obviouslyfindingsomebodywhowantstotrademyoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.Hencetheintroductionofmoneyasamediumofexchangeeasestransactionsconsiderably.Inthemodemmarketeconomygoodsandservicesareboughtorsoldformoney.Analternativetothe.marketsystemisadministrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions.Thisagencywillissueedictsorcommandsastohowmuchofeachgoodandserviceshouldbeproducedexchangedandconsumedbyeacheconomicunit.Centralplanningmaybeonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentralplandrawnupbythegovernmentshowstheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocatedtodifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.Thisisanexampleofcompleteplaningofproductionconsumptionandexchangeforthewholeeconomy.Inatraditionalsocietyproductionandconsumptionpatternsaregovernedbytradition:everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentagereligionandcustom.Transactionstakeplaceonthebasisoftraditiontoo.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingrouporcastemayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersonsprovidethemwithfoodandsheltercarefortheirhealthandprovidefortheireducation.Clearlyinasystemwhereeverydecisionismadeonthebasisoftraditionaloneprogressmaybedifficulttoachieve.Astagnantsocietymayresult.Inthesecondparagraphthewordrealinrealgoodscouldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing
WhatdowethinkwithOnlythebrainHardly.Thebrainistikeatelephoneexchange.Itistheswitchboardbutnotthewholesystem.Itsfunctionistoreceiveincomingsignalsmakeproperconnectionsandsendthemessagesthroughtotheirdestination.Forefficientservicethebodymustfunctionasawhole.Butwhereisthemind’IsitinthebrainOrperhapsinthenervoussystemAfterallcanwesaythatthemindisinanyparticularplaceItisnotathinglikealegoreventhebrain.Itisafunctionanactivity.Aristotletwenty-threehundredyearsagoobservedthatthemindwastothebodywhatcuttingwastotheax.Whentheaxisnotinusethereisnocutting.Sowiththemind.mindsaidCharlesH•Woolbertiswhatthebodyisdoing.Ifthisactivityisnecessaryforthinkingitisalsonecessaryforcarryingthoughtfromonepersontoanother.Observehowpeoplegoaboutthebusinessofordinaryconversation.Ifyouhaveneverdonethispainstakingly费力的youhaveasurpriseinmotion.Theirheadsarecontinuallynoddingandshakingsometimessovigorouslythatyouwonderhowtheirneckscanstandthestrain.Eventhelegsandfeetareactive.Asforthehandsandarmstheyareseldomstillformorethanafewsecondsatatime.Thesepeoplerememberarenotmakingspeeches.Theyaremerelycommonfolktryingtomakeothersunderstandwhattheyhaveinmind.Theyarenotconsciousofmovement.Theirspeechisnotstudied.Theyarejusthumancreaturesinahumanenvironmenttryingtoadaptthemselvestoasocialsituation.Yettheyconversenotonlywithorallanguagebutwithvisibleactionsthatinvolvepracticallyeverymuscleinthebody.Inshortbecausepeoplereallythinkalloveraspeakermusttalkalloverifhesucceedsinmakingpeoplethink.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthebasicfunctionofbodilyactivityinspeechisto______.
Mostofyougraduatingtodaywillbeemployeesallyourworkinglifeworkingforsomebodyelseandforapaycheck.Andsowillmost21notallofthethousandsofotheryoungAmericansgraduatingthisyearinalltheotherschoolsandcollegesacrossthecountry. 22hasbecomeasocietyofemployees.Ahundredyearsorsoagoonlyone23everyfiveAmericansallworkwasemployedi.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonly20%ofAmericansarenotemployedbutworkingforthemselves.And24fiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meant25asafactorylaborerorasafarmhandtheemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwitha26formaleducationholdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiring27andtechnicalskills.28twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:themiddleandupperclasseshavebecomeemployees;andmiddle-classand29employeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworkerthat30childoftheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenlosinginnumericalimportance31theexpansionofindustrialproduction. Thisisoneofthemostprofoundsocialchangesanycountry32.Itishoweveraperhaps33greaterchangefortheindividualyoungman34tostart.Whateverhedoesinall35hewilldoitasanemployee;whereverheaimsheWillhavetotrytoreachit36beinganemployee. Asanemployeeyouworkwithandthroughotherpeople.Thismeansthatyoursuccessasanemployeewill37onyourabilitytocommunicatewithpeopleandtopresentyourownthoughtsandideastothem38theywillbothunderstandwhatyouaredriving39andbepersuaded.Theletterthereportormemorandum记录the40spoken"presentation"toacommitteearebasictoolsoftheemployee. 28
Duringthesummersessionthesewillbearevisedscheduleofservicesfortheuniversitycommunity.Specificchangesforintercampusbusservicesthecafeteriaandsummerhoursfortheinfirmary医务室andrecreationalandathleticfacilitieswillbepostedonthebulletinbeardoutsideofthecafeteria.WeeklymovieandconcertscheduleswhichareintheprocessofbeingarrangedwillbepostedeachWednesdayoutsideofthecafeteria.Intercampusbuseswillleavethemainhalleveryhouronthehalfhourandmakealloftheregularstopsontheirroutearoundthecampus.Thecafeteriawillservebreakfastlunchandearlydinnerfrom7a.m.to7p.m.duringtheweekandfromnoonto7p.m.onweekends.ThelibrarywillmaintainregularhoursduringtheweekbutshorterhoursonSaturdaysandSundays.Theweekendhoursarefromnoonto7p.m..Allstudentswhowanttousethelibraryborrowingservicesandtherecreationalathleticandentertainmentfacilitiesmusthavevalidsummeridentificationcards.Thisannouncementwillalsoappearinthenextissueofthestudentnewspaper.Specificschedulerevisionsforwhichofthefollowingfacilitiesarelistedinthisannouncement
Hawthornedifferedfromotherwritershesawthepotentialconsequencesofalldecisionsresultingineitherregenerationorpunishment.
He'sworkinghardforfearthathe
—Whatdidthechildrendoinschool—Theirteacherashorttalkabouttheirholiday.
A.professor B.storm C.ordinary D.short
Mostofyougraduatingtodaywillbeemployeesallyourworkinglifeworkingforsomebodyelseandforapaycheck.Andsowillmost21notallofthethousandsofotheryoungAmericansgraduatingthisyearinalltheotherschoolsandcollegesacrossthecountry. 22hasbecomeasocietyofemployees.Ahundredyearsorsoagoonlyone23everyfiveAmericansallworkwasemployedi.e.workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonly20%ofAmericansarenotemployedbutworkingforthemselves.And24fiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meant25asafactorylaborerorasafarmhandtheemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwitha26formaleducationholdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiring27andtechnicalskills.28twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:themiddleandupperclasseshavebecomeemployees;andmiddle-classand29employeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworkerthat30childoftheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenlosinginnumericalimportance31theexpansionofindustrialproduction. Thisisoneofthemostprofoundsocialchangesanycountry32.Itishoweveraperhaps33greaterchangefortheindividualyoungman34tostart.Whateverhedoesinall35hewilldoitasanemployee;whereverheaimsheWillhavetotrytoreachit36beinganemployee. Asanemployeeyouworkwithandthroughotherpeople.Thismeansthatyoursuccessasanemployeewill37onyourabilitytocommunicatewithpeopleandtopresentyourownthoughtsandideastothem38theywillbothunderstandwhatyouaredriving39andbepersuaded.Theletterthereportormemorandum记录the40spoken"presentation"toacommitteearebasictoolsoftheemployee. 40
Itisafantasticlandscapethatwe
Despitethefactthattodayviruses病毒areknowntocausecancerinanimalsandincertainplantsthereexistsagreatreluctancetoacceptvirusesasbeingofimportanceinhumancancer.Basicbiologicalphenomenagenerallydonotdifferstrikinglyasonegoesfromonespeciestoanother.Itshouldberecognizedthatcancerisabiologicalproblemandnotaproblemthatisuniqueforman.Canceroriginateswhenanormalcellsuddenlybecomesacancercellwhichmultiplieswidelyandwithoutapparentrestraint.Cancermayoriginateinmanydifferentkindsofcellbutthecancercellusuallycontinuestocarrycertaintraits特性ofthecelloforigin.Thetransformationofanormalcellintoacancercellmayhavemorethanonekindofcausebutthemisgoodreasontoconsidertherelationshipsthatexistbetweenvirusesandcancer.Sincethereisnoevidencethathumancancerasgenerallyexperiencedisinfectionsmanypersonsbelievethatbecausevirusesareinfectionsagentstheycannotpossiblybeofimportanceinhumancancer.Howevervirusescanmutate突变andexamplesareknowninwhichavirusthatneverkillsitshostcanmutatetoformanewstrainofvirusthatalwayskillsitshost.Itdoesnotseemunreasonabletoassumethataninnocuous无害的latent潜伏的virusmightmutatetoformastrainthatcausescancer.Certainlytheexperimentalevidencenowavailableisconsistentwiththeideathatvirusesasweknowthemtodaycouldbethecausative引起的agentsofmostifnotallcancerincludingcancerinman.Thepossibilitythataviruscauseshumancancerisindicatedby______.
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