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Mother Nature Shows Her Strength Tornadoes(龙卷风)and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great L...
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MotherNatureShowsHerStrength Tornadoes龙卷风andheavythunderstormsmovedacrosstheGreatLakesandintoTrumbullCountyonSaturdayevening．Thestormsweredramaticanddangerous． GeorgeSnyderwasdrivingthefiretruckdownRoute88whenhefirstnoticedthatafunnel漏斗状的cloudwasbehindhim．Istoppedthetruckandwatchedthefunnelcloud．Itwasabout100feetoffthegroundandIsawitgoupanddownforawhile．Itwasmovingtoward BradleyRoadandthensuddenlyitdisappeared．Snydersaid． Snyderonlysawoneofthefunnelcloudsthatpassedthroughnortheastern0hioonSaturday．InTrumbullCountyatornadoturnedtreesontotheirsides．Sometreesfellontohousesandcars．Othertreesfellintotelephoneandelectricalwiresastheywentdown． AmandaSymcheckwashavingapartywhenthestormbegan．Iknewsomethingwaswronghesaid．Isawtheskygogreenandpink粉红色．Thenitsoundedlikeatrainrushingtowardthehouse．Istartedcryingandtoldeveryonetogotothebasementfor protection． Thetornadocauseda10tofdamagetocarsandhousesinthearea．Itwilltakealongtimeandmuchmoneytorepaireverything．Therewasalsoseriouswaterdamagefromthethunderstorms．Theheavyrainsandhighwindcausedthepowertogooutinmanyhomes． Thestormscausedseriousfloodinginareasneartheriver．MorethanfourinchesofrainfellinpartsofTrumbullCounty．Theriverwassohighthatthewaterranintostreetsandhouses．ManystreetshadtobeclosedtoCarsandtrucksbecauseofthehighwater．ThismadeitdifficultforfiretruckspoliceCarsandotherrescuevehiclestohelppeoplewhowereintrouble．Manypeoplewholiveneartheriverhadtoleavetheirhomesfortheirownsafety．Somepeoplereportedfivefeetofwaterintheirhomes．Localandstateofficialsopenedemergencysheltersforthepeoplewhowereevacuated撤走．’TheRedCrossservedmealstothem． ThiswasareallyintensestormsaidSnyder．Peoplewereafraid．MotherNaturecanbefierce．Wewereluckythistime．Noonewaskilled TheweatherwasniceinTrumbullCountyonSaturdayevening．
RadiocarbonDating Nowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsaboutthepastthroughatechniquecalledradiocarbon放射性碳orcarbon-14dating.Onekeytounderstandinghowandbysomethinghappenedistodiscoverwhenithappened. Radiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sbyphysicistWillardF.LibbyatheUniversityofChicago.Anatomofordinarycarboncalledcarbon-12hassixprotons质子andsixneutrons中子initsnucleus原子核.Carbon-14orC-14isaradioactiveunstableformofcarbonthathastwoextraneutrons.Itreturnstoamorestableformofcarbonthroughaprocesscalleddecay衰减.Thisprocessinvolvesthelossofheextraneutronsandenergyfromthenucleus. InLibby’sradiocarbondatingtechniquetheweakradioactiveemissions放射fromthisdecayprocessarecountedbyinstrumentssuchasaradiationdetectorandcounter.ThedecayrateisusedtodeterminetheproportionofC-14atomsinthesamplebeingdated. Carbon-14isproducedintheEarth’satmospherewhennitrogen氮-14orN-14interactswithcosmicrays宇宙射线.ScientistsbelievesincetheEarthwasformedthemountofnitrogenintheatmospherehasremainedconstant.ConsequentlyC-14formationisthoughttooccurataconstantrate.NowtheratioofC-14toothercarbontomsintheatmosphereisknown.Mostscientistsagreethatthisratioisusefulfordatingitemsbacktoatleast50000years. AlllifeonEarthismadeoforganicmolecules分子thatcontaincarbonatomscomingfromtheatmosphere.SoalllivingthingshaveaboutthesameratioofC-14atomstoothercarbonatomsintheirtissues组织.Onceanorganism有机体diesitstopstakingincarboninanyformandtheC-14alreadypresentbeginstodecay.OvertimetheamountofC-14inthematerialdecreasesandtheratioofC-14toothercarbonatomsgoesdown.IntermsofradiocarbondatingthefewerC-14atomsinasampletheolderthatsampleis. Anatomofordinarycarbonhassixprotonsandeightneutrons
TheGreatestMysteryOfWhales Thewhaleisawarm-bloodedair-breathinganimalgivingbirthtoitsyoungalivesuckingthem--andlikeallmammalsoriginatedonland．Therearemany frontflippers鳍状肢usedforsteeringandstabilityaretracesoffeet． __________.51ofthis．ItsImmensestrengthis__________.52intothegreatbodyofthebigwhalesandinfactmostofawhale’sbodyisonegiganticmuscle．Thebluewhale’spullingstrengthhasbeenestimated__________.53400horsepower．Onespecimenwasreportedtohavetowed拖awhaling vesselforsevenhoursatthe__________.54ofeightknot节. Anangrywhalewill__________.55AfamousexampleofthiswasthefateofWhalerEssex__________.56wassunkoffthecoastofSouthAmericaearlyinthelastcentury．Morerecentlysteelshipshave__________.57theirplatesbuckled使弯曲inthesameway．Spermwhales抹香鲸wereknowntoseizetheold-timewhaleboatsintheirjawsandcrushThem. Thegreatest__________.58ofwhalesistheirdivingability．ThespermwhaledivestotheBottomforhis__________.59foodtheoctopus章鱼．InthatsearchheisknowntogoasfarDownas3200feetwherethe．__________.60is1400poundstoasquareinch．Doingsohe Will__________.61underwaterlongasonehour．Twospecialskillsareinvolvedinthisstoringupenough__________.62allwhalesareair—breathedandtoleratingthegreatchangeinpressure．Justhowhedoesitscientistshavenot__________.63．Itisbelievedthatsomeoftheoxygenisstoredinaspecial__________.64ofbloodvesselsratherthanjustheldinthelungs．Anditisbelievedthataspecialkindofoilinhisheadissomesortofcompensatingmechanismthat__________.65adjuststheinternalpressureofhisbody．Butsinceyoucan’tbringalivewhaleintothelaboratoryforstudynooneknowsjusthowthesethingswork．
TheGreatestMysteryOfWhales Thewhaleisawarm-bloodedair-breathinganimalgivingbirthtoitsyoungalivesuckingthem--andlikeallmammalsoriginatedonland．Therearemany frontflippers鳍状肢usedforsteeringandstabilityaretracesoffeet． __________.51ofthis．ItsImmensestrengthis__________.52intothegreatbodyofthebigwhalesandinfactmostofawhale’sbodyisonegiganticmuscle．Thebluewhale’spullingstrengthhasbeenestimated__________.53400horsepower．Onespecimenwasreportedtohavetowed拖awhaling vesselforsevenhoursatthe__________.54ofeightknot节. Anangrywhalewill__________.55AfamousexampleofthiswasthefateofWhalerEssex__________.56wassunkoffthecoastofSouthAmericaearlyinthelastcentury．Morerecentlysteelshipshave__________.57theirplatesbuckled使弯曲inthesameway．Spermwhales抹香鲸wereknowntoseizetheold-timewhaleboatsintheirjawsandcrushThem. Thegreatest__________.58ofwhalesistheirdivingability．ThespermwhaledivestotheBottomforhis__________.59foodtheoctopus章鱼．InthatsearchheisknowntogoasfarDownas3200feetwherethe．__________.60is1400poundstoasquareinch．Doingsohe Will__________.61underwaterlongasonehour．Twospecialskillsareinvolvedinthisstoringupenough__________.62allwhalesareair—breathedandtoleratingthegreatchangeinpressure．Justhowhedoesitscientistshavenot__________.63．Itisbelievedthatsomeoftheoxygenisstoredinaspecial__________.64ofbloodvesselsratherthanjustheldinthelungs．Anditisbelievedthataspecialkindofoilinhisheadissomesortofcompensatingmechanismthat__________.65adjuststheinternalpressureofhisbody．Butsinceyoucan’tbringalivewhaleintothelaboratoryforstudynooneknowsjusthowthesethingswork．
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第一篇TechnologyTransferinGermany Whenitcomestotranslatingbasicresearchintoindustrialsuccess．fewnationscanmatch Germany．Sincethe1940s．thenation’svastindustrialbasehasbeenfedwithaconstantstreamofnewideasandexpertisefromscience．AndthoughGermanprosperity繁荣hasfaltered衰退overthepastdecadebecauseofthehugecostofunifyingeastandwestaswellastheglobaleconomicdeclineitstillhasanenviable令人羡慕的recordforturningideasintoprofit． MuchofthereasonforthatsuccessistheFraunhoferSocietyanetworkofresearchinstitutesthatexistssolelytosolveindustrialproblemsandcreatesought．aftertechnologies．ButtodaytheFraunhoferinstituteshavecompetition．Universitiesaretakinganeverlargerroleintechnologytransferandtechnologyparksarespringingupallover．Theseeffortsarebeingcomplementedbythefederalprogrammesforpumpingmoneyintostart-upcompanies． Suchastrategymaysoundlikearecipeforeconomicsuccess．butitisnotwithoutitscritics．Thesepeopleworrythatfavouringappliedresearchwillmeanneglectingbasicscienceeventuallystarvingindustryoffleshideas．Ifeveryscientiststartsthinkinglikeanentrepreneur企业家theargumentgoesthenthetraditionalprinciplesofuniversityresearchbeingcuriosity．drivenfleeandwidelyavailablewillSuffer．Othersclaimthatmanyoftheprogrammestopromotetechnologytransferareawasteofmoneybecausehalfthesmallbusinessesthatarepromotedareboundtogobankruptwithinafewyears． Ⅵmilethisdebatecontinues．newideasflowatasteadyratefromGermany’sresearchnetworkswhichbearfamousnamessuchasHelmholtzMaxPlanckandLeibniz．YetitisthefourthnetworktheFraunhoferSocietythatplaysthegreatestroleintechnologytransfer． Foundedin1949theFraunhoferSocietyisnowEurope’slargestorganisationforappliedtechnologyandhas59institutesemploying12000people．Itcontinuestogrow．LastyearitSwalloweduptheHeinrichHertzInstituteforCommunicationTechnologyinBerlin．TodaythereareevenFraunhofersintheUSandAsia． WhenwastheFraunhoferSocietyfounded?
TheGreatestMysteryOfWhales Thewhaleisawarm-bloodedair-breathinganimalgivingbirthtoitsyoungalivesuckingthem--andlikeallmammalsoriginatedonland．Therearemany frontflippers鳍状肢usedforsteeringandstabilityaretracesoffeet． __________.51ofthis．ItsImmensestrengthis__________.52intothegreatbodyofthebigwhalesandinfactmostofawhale’sbodyisonegiganticmuscle．Thebluewhale’spullingstrengthhasbeenestimated__________.53400horsepower．Onespecimenwasreportedtohavetowed拖awhaling vesselforsevenhoursatthe__________.54ofeightknot节. Anangrywhalewill__________.55AfamousexampleofthiswasthefateofWhalerEssex__________.56wassunkoffthecoastofSouthAmericaearlyinthelastcentury．Morerecentlysteelshipshave__________.57theirplatesbuckled使弯曲inthesameway．Spermwhales抹香鲸wereknowntoseizetheold-timewhaleboatsintheirjawsandcrushThem. Thegreatest__________.58ofwhalesistheirdivingability．ThespermwhaledivestotheBottomforhis__________.59foodtheoctopus章鱼．InthatsearchheisknowntogoasfarDownas3200feetwherethe．__________.60is1400poundstoasquareinch．Doingsohe Will__________.61underwaterlongasonehour．Twospecialskillsareinvolvedinthisstoringupenough__________.62allwhalesareair—breathedandtoleratingthegreatchangeinpressure．Justhowhedoesitscientistshavenot__________.63．Itisbelievedthatsomeoftheoxygenisstoredinaspecial__________.64ofbloodvesselsratherthanjustheldinthelungs．Anditisbelievedthataspecialkindofoilinhisheadissomesortofcompensatingmechanismthat__________.65adjuststheinternalpressureofhisbody．Butsinceyoucan’tbringalivewhaleintothelaboratoryforstudynooneknowsjusthowthesethingswork．
RadiocarbonDating Nowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsaboutthepastthroughatechniquecalledradiocarbon放射性碳orcarbon-14dating.Onekeytounderstandinghowandbysomethinghappenedistodiscoverwhenithappened. Radiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sbyphysicistWillardF.LibbyatheUniversityofChicago.Anatomofordinarycarboncalledcarbon-12hassixprotons质子andsixneutrons中子initsnucleus原子核.Carbon-14orC-14isaradioactiveunstableformofcarbonthathastwoextraneutrons.Itreturnstoamorestableformofcarbonthroughaprocesscalleddecay衰减.Thisprocessinvolvesthelossofheextraneutronsandenergyfromthenucleus. InLibby’sradiocarbondatingtechniquetheweakradioactiveemissions放射fromthisdecayprocessarecountedbyinstrumentssuchasaradiationdetectorandcounter.ThedecayrateisusedtodeterminetheproportionofC-14atomsinthesamplebeingdated. Carbon-14isproducedintheEarth’satmospherewhennitrogen氮-14orN-14interactswithcosmicrays宇宙射线.ScientistsbelievesincetheEarthwasformedthemountofnitrogenintheatmospherehasremainedconstant.ConsequentlyC-14formationisthoughttooccurataconstantrate.NowtheratioofC-14toothercarbontomsintheatmosphereisknown.Mostscientistsagreethatthisratioisusefulfordatingitemsbacktoatleast50000years. AlllifeonEarthismadeoforganicmolecules分子thatcontaincarbonatomscomingfromtheatmosphere.SoalllivingthingshaveaboutthesameratioofC-14atomstoothercarbonatomsintheirtissues组织.Onceanorganism有机体diesitstopstakingincarboninanyformandtheC-14alreadypresentbeginstodecay.OvertimetheamountofC-14inthematerialdecreasesandtheratioofC-14toothercarbonatomsgoesdown.IntermsofradiocarbondatingthefewerC-14atomsinasampletheolderthatsampleis. Radiocarbonisreliableindatinganobjectbacktoatleast50000years.
MotherNatureShowsHerStrength Tornadoes龙卷风andheavythunderstormsmovedacrosstheGreatLakesandintoTrumbullCountyonSaturdayevening．Thestormsweredramaticanddangerous． GeorgeSnyderwasdrivingthefiretruckdownRoute88whenhefirstnoticedthatafunnel漏斗状的cloudwasbehindhim．Istoppedthetruckandwatchedthefunnelcloud．Itwasabout100feetoffthegroundandIsawitgoupanddownforawhile．Itwasmovingtoward BradleyRoadandthensuddenlyitdisappeared．Snydersaid． Snyderonlysawoneofthefunnelcloudsthatpassedthroughnortheastern0hioonSaturday．InTrumbullCountyatornadoturnedtreesontotheirsides．Sometreesfellontohousesandcars．Othertreesfellintotelephoneandelectricalwiresastheywentdown． AmandaSymcheckwashavingapartywhenthestormbegan．Iknewsomethingwaswronghesaid．Isawtheskygogreenandpink粉红色．Thenitsoundedlikeatrainrushingtowardthehouse．Istartedcryingandtoldeveryonetogotothebasementfor protection． Thetornadocauseda10tofdamagetocarsandhousesinthearea．Itwilltakealongtimeandmuchmoneytorepaireverything．Therewasalsoseriouswaterdamagefromthethunderstorms．Theheavyrainsandhighwindcausedthepowertogooutinmanyhomes． Thestormscausedseriousfloodinginareasneartheriver．MorethanfourinchesofrainfellinpartsofTrumbullCounty．Theriverwassohighthatthewaterranintostreetsandhouses．ManystreetshadtobeclosedtoCarsandtrucksbecauseofthehighwater．ThismadeitdifficultforfiretruckspoliceCarsandotherrescuevehiclestohelppeoplewhowereintrouble．Manypeoplewholiveneartheriverhadtoleavetheirhomesfortheirownsafety．Somepeoplereportedfivefeetofwaterintheirhomes．Localandstateofficialsopenedemergencysheltersforthepeoplewhowereevacuated撤走．’TheRedCrossservedmealstothem． ThiswasareallyintensestormsaidSnyder．Peoplewereafraid．MotherNaturecanbefierce．Wewereluckythistime．Noonewaskilled TherehadnotbeensuchaseverestorminTrumbullCountyforahundredyears．
RadiocarbonDating Nowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsaboutthepastthroughatechniquecalledradiocarbon放射性碳orcarbon-14dating.Onekeytounderstandinghowandbysomethinghappenedistodiscoverwhenithappened. Radiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sbyphysicistWillardF.LibbyatheUniversityofChicago.Anatomofordinarycarboncalledcarbon-12hassixprotons质子andsixneutrons中子initsnucleus原子核.Carbon-14orC-14isaradioactiveunstableformofcarbonthathastwoextraneutrons.Itreturnstoamorestableformofcarbonthroughaprocesscalleddecay衰减.Thisprocessinvolvesthelossofheextraneutronsandenergyfromthenucleus. InLibby’sradiocarbondatingtechniquetheweakradioactiveemissions放射fromthisdecayprocessarecountedbyinstrumentssuchasaradiationdetectorandcounter.ThedecayrateisusedtodeterminetheproportionofC-14atomsinthesamplebeingdated. Carbon-14isproducedintheEarth’satmospherewhennitrogen氮-14orN-14interactswithcosmicrays宇宙射线.ScientistsbelievesincetheEarthwasformedthemountofnitrogenintheatmospherehasremainedconstant.ConsequentlyC-14formationisthoughttooccurataconstantrate.NowtheratioofC-14toothercarbontomsintheatmosphereisknown.Mostscientistsagreethatthisratioisusefulfordatingitemsbacktoatleast50000years. AlllifeonEarthismadeoforganicmolecules分子thatcontaincarbonatomscomingfromtheatmosphere.SoalllivingthingshaveaboutthesameratioofC-14atomstoothercarbonatomsintheirtissues组织.Onceanorganism有机体diesitstopstakingincarboninanyformandtheC-14alreadypresentbeginstodecay.OvertimetheamountofC-14inthematerialdecreasesandtheratioofC-14toothercarbonatomsgoesdown.IntermsofradiocarbondatingthefewerC-14atomsinasampletheolderthatsampleis. Nowadaysmanyscientistsdependonradiocarbonfordatingage-oldobjects
第一篇TechnologyTransferinGermany Whenitcomestotranslatingbasicresearchintoindustrialsuccess．fewnationscanmatch Germany．Sincethe1940s．thenation’svastindustrialbasehasbeenfedwithaconstantstreamofnewideasandexpertisefromscience．AndthoughGermanprosperity繁荣hasfaltered衰退overthepastdecadebecauseofthehugecostofunifyingeastandwestaswellastheglobaleconomicdeclineitstillhasanenviable令人羡慕的recordforturningideasintoprofit． MuchofthereasonforthatsuccessistheFraunhoferSocietyanetworkofresearchinstitutesthatexistssolelytosolveindustrialproblemsandcreatesought．aftertechnologies．ButtodaytheFraunhoferinstituteshavecompetition．Universitiesaretakinganeverlargerroleintechnologytransferandtechnologyparksarespringingupallover．Theseeffortsarebeingcomplementedbythefederalprogrammesforpumpingmoneyintostart-upcompanies． Suchastrategymaysoundlikearecipeforeconomicsuccess．butitisnotwithoutitscritics．Thesepeopleworrythatfavouringappliedresearchwillmeanneglectingbasicscienceeventuallystarvingindustryoffleshideas．Ifeveryscientiststartsthinkinglikeanentrepreneur企业家theargumentgoesthenthetraditionalprinciplesofuniversityresearchbeingcuriosity．drivenfleeandwidelyavailablewillSuffer．Othersclaimthatmanyoftheprogrammestopromotetechnologytransferareawasteofmoneybecausehalfthesmallbusinessesthatarepromotedareboundtogobankruptwithinafewyears． Ⅵmilethisdebatecontinues．newideasflowatasteadyratefromGermany’sresearchnetworkswhichbearfamousnamessuchasHelmholtzMaxPlanckandLeibniz．YetitisthefourthnetworktheFraunhoferSocietythatplaysthegreatestroleintechnologytransfer． Foundedin1949theFraunhoferSocietyisnowEurope’slargestorganisationforappliedtechnologyandhas59institutesemploying12000people．Itcontinuestogrow．LastyearitSwalloweduptheHeinrichHertzInstituteforCommunicationTechnologyinBerlin．TodaythereareevenFraunhofersintheUSandAsia． WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftraditionaluniversityresearch?
Inordertoimproveourstandardoflivingwehaveto{{U}}accelerate{{/U}}production．
TheGreatestMysteryOfWhales Thewhaleisawarm-bloodedair-breathinganimalgivingbirthtoitsyoungalivesuckingthem--andlikeallmammalsoriginatedonland．Therearemany frontflippers鳍状肢usedforsteeringandstabilityaretracesoffeet． __________.51ofthis．ItsImmensestrengthis__________.52intothegreatbodyofthebigwhalesandinfactmostofawhale’sbodyisonegiganticmuscle．Thebluewhale’spullingstrengthhasbeenestimated__________.53400horsepower．Onespecimenwasreportedtohavetowed拖awhaling vesselforsevenhoursatthe__________.54ofeightknot节. Anangrywhalewill__________.55AfamousexampleofthiswasthefateofWhalerEssex__________.56wassunkoffthecoastofSouthAmericaearlyinthelastcentury．Morerecentlysteelshipshave__________.57theirplatesbuckled使弯曲inthesameway．Spermwhales抹香鲸wereknowntoseizetheold-timewhaleboatsintheirjawsandcrushThem. Thegreatest__________.58ofwhalesistheirdivingability．ThespermwhaledivestotheBottomforhis__________.59foodtheoctopus章鱼．InthatsearchheisknowntogoasfarDownas3200feetwherethe．__________.60is1400poundstoasquareinch．Doingsohe Will__________.61underwaterlongasonehour．Twospecialskillsareinvolvedinthisstoringupenough__________.62allwhalesareair—breathedandtoleratingthegreatchangeinpressure．Justhowhedoesitscientistshavenot__________.63．Itisbelievedthatsomeoftheoxygenisstoredinaspecial__________.64ofbloodvesselsratherthanjustheldinthelungs．Anditisbelievedthataspecialkindofoilinhisheadissomesortofcompensatingmechanismthat__________.65adjuststheinternalpressureofhisbody．Butsinceyoucan’tbringalivewhaleintothelaboratoryforstudynooneknowsjusthowthesethingswork．
MotherNatureShowsHerStrength Tornadoes龙卷风andheavythunderstormsmovedacrosstheGreatLakesandintoTrumbullCountyonSaturdayevening．Thestormsweredramaticanddangerous． GeorgeSnyderwasdrivingthefiretruckdownRoute88whenhefirstnoticedthatafunnel漏斗状的cloudwasbehindhim．Istoppedthetruckandwatchedthefunnelcloud．Itwasabout100feetoffthegroundandIsawitgoupanddownforawhile．Itwasmovingtoward BradleyRoadandthensuddenlyitdisappeared．Snydersaid． Snyderonlysawoneofthefunnelcloudsthatpassedthroughnortheastern0hioonSaturday．InTrumbullCountyatornadoturnedtreesontotheirsides．Sometreesfellontohousesandcars．Othertreesfellintotelephoneandelectricalwiresastheywentdown． AmandaSymcheckwashavingapartywhenthestormbegan．Iknewsomethingwaswronghesaid．Isawtheskygogreenandpink粉红色．Thenitsoundedlikeatrainrushingtowardthehouse．Istartedcryingandtoldeveryonetogotothebasementfor protection． Thetornadocauseda10tofdamagetocarsandhousesinthearea．Itwilltakealongtimeandmuchmoneytorepaireverything．Therewasalsoseriouswaterdamagefromthethunderstorms．Theheavyrainsandhighwindcausedthepowertogooutinmanyhomes． Thestormscausedseriousfloodinginareasneartheriver．MorethanfourinchesofrainfellinpartsofTrumbullCounty．Theriverwassohighthatthewaterranintostreetsandhouses．ManystreetshadtobeclosedtoCarsandtrucksbecauseofthehighwater．ThismadeitdifficultforfiretruckspoliceCarsandotherrescuevehiclestohelppeoplewhowereintrouble．Manypeoplewholiveneartheriverhadtoleavetheirhomesfortheirownsafety．Somepeoplereportedfivefeetofwaterintheirhomes．Localandstateofficialsopenedemergencysheltersforthepeoplewhowereevacuated撤走．’TheRedCrossservedmealstothem． ThiswasareallyintensestormsaidSnyder．Peoplewereafraid．MotherNaturecanbefierce．Wewereluckythistime．Noonewaskilled AmandaSymcheckwashavingapartyinthebasementwhenthestormbegan.
第三篇TheScienceoftheFuture Untilrecentlythescienceofthefuturewassupposedtobeelectronicsandartificialintelligence．TodayitseemsmoreandmorelikelythatthenextgreatbreakthroughsintechnologywillbebroughtthroughacombinationOfthosetwoscienceswithorganicchemistryandgeneticengineering．Thiscombinationisthescienceofbiotechnology． Organicchemistryenablesustoproducemarveloussynthetic合成的materials．Howeveritisstilldifficulttomanufactureanythingthathasthecapacityofwooltoconserveheatandalsotoabsorbmoisture．Nothingthatwehavebeenabletoproducesofarcomesanywherenearthecombinationofstrength．1ightnessandflexibilitythatwefindinthebodiesofordinaryinsects． Nevertheless．scientistsinthelaboratoryhavealreadysucceededingrowingamaterialthathasmanyofthecharacteristicsofhumanskin．Thenextstepmaywellbebiotechheartsandeyeswhichcanreplacediseasedorgansinhumanbeings．Thesewillnotberejectedbythebodyasisthecasewithorgansfromhumans． Theapplicationofbiotechnologytoenergyproductionseemsevenmorepromising．In1996thefamousscience．fictionwriterArthurC．Clarkemanyofwhosepreviouspredictionshavecometruesaidthatwemaysoonbeabletodevelopremarkablycheapandrenewablesourcesofenergy．Someofthesepowersourceswillbebiological．Clarkeandothershavewarnedusrepeatedlythatsoonerorlaterwewillhavetogiveupourdependenceonnon-renewablepowersources．Coaloilandgasareindeedconvenient．Howeverusingthemalsomeanscreatingdangerouslyhighlevelsofpollution．Itwillbeimpossibletomeetthegrowingdemandfor energywithoutincreasingthatpollutiontocatastrophic灾难性的levelsunlesswedeveloppowersourcesthatarebothcheaperandcleaner． Itisattemptingtothinkthatbiotechnologyorsomeotherscienceofthefuturecansolveourproblems．Beforewesurrendertothattemptationweshouldremembernuclearpower．Onlyafewgenerationsagoitseemedtopromiselimitlesscheapandsafeenergy．Todaythosepromises1ieburiedinaconcretegraveinaplacecalledChernobylintheUkraine．Biotechnologyisunlikely．howevertobreakitspromisesinquitethesameorsuchadangerousway． Organicchemistryhelpstoproducematerialsthatare
Obviouslythesepeoplecanbe{{U}}reliedon{{/U}}inacrisis.
TheGreatestMysteryOfWhales Thewhaleisawarm-bloodedair-breathinganimalgivingbirthtoitsyoungalivesuckingthem--andlikeallmammalsoriginatedonland．Therearemany frontflippers鳍状肢usedforsteeringandstabilityaretracesoffeet． __________.51ofthis．ItsImmensestrengthis__________.52intothegreatbodyofthebigwhalesandinfactmostofawhale’sbodyisonegiganticmuscle．Thebluewhale’spullingstrengthhasbeenestimated__________.53400horsepower．Onespecimenwasreportedtohavetowed拖awhaling vesselforsevenhoursatthe__________.54ofeightknot节. Anangrywhalewill__________.55AfamousexampleofthiswasthefateofWhalerEssex__________.56wassunkoffthecoastofSouthAmericaearlyinthelastcentury．Morerecentlysteelshipshave__________.57theirplatesbuckled使弯曲inthesameway．Spermwhales抹香鲸wereknowntoseizetheold-timewhaleboatsintheirjawsandcrushThem. Thegreatest__________.58ofwhalesistheirdivingability．ThespermwhaledivestotheBottomforhis__________.59foodtheoctopus章鱼．InthatsearchheisknowntogoasfarDownas3200feetwherethe．__________.60is1400poundstoasquareinch．Doingsohe Will__________.61underwaterlongasonehour．Twospecialskillsareinvolvedinthisstoringupenough__________.62allwhalesareair—breathedandtoleratingthegreatchangeinpressure．Justhowhedoesitscientistshavenot__________.63．Itisbelievedthatsomeoftheoxygenisstoredinaspecial__________.64ofbloodvesselsratherthanjustheldinthelungs．Anditisbelievedthataspecialkindofoilinhisheadissomesortofcompensatingmechanismthat__________.65adjuststheinternalpressureofhisbody．Butsinceyoucan’tbringalivewhaleintothelaboratoryforstudynooneknowsjusthowthesethingswork．
TheGreatestMysteryOfWhales Thewhaleisawarm-bloodedair-breathinganimalgivingbirthtoitsyoungalivesuckingthem--andlikeallmammalsoriginatedonland．Therearemany frontflippers鳍状肢usedforsteeringandstabilityaretracesoffeet． __________.51ofthis．ItsImmensestrengthis__________.52intothegreatbodyofthebigwhalesandinfactmostofawhale’sbodyisonegiganticmuscle．Thebluewhale’spullingstrengthhasbeenestimated__________.53400horsepower．Onespecimenwasreportedtohavetowed拖awhaling vesselforsevenhoursatthe__________.54ofeightknot节. Anangrywhalewill__________.55AfamousexampleofthiswasthefateofWhalerEssex__________.56wassunkoffthecoastofSouthAmericaearlyinthelastcentury．Morerecentlysteelshipshave__________.57theirplatesbuckled使弯曲inthesameway．Spermwhales抹香鲸wereknowntoseizetheold-timewhaleboatsintheirjawsandcrushThem. Thegreatest__________.58ofwhalesistheirdivingability．ThespermwhaledivestotheBottomforhis__________.59foodtheoctopus章鱼．InthatsearchheisknowntogoasfarDownas3200feetwherethe．__________.60is1400poundstoasquareinch．Doingsohe Will__________.61underwaterlongasonehour．Twospecialskillsareinvolvedinthisstoringupenough__________.62allwhalesareair—breathedandtoleratingthegreatchangeinpressure．Justhowhedoesitscientistshavenot__________.63．Itisbelievedthatsomeoftheoxygenisstoredinaspecial__________.64ofbloodvesselsratherthanjustheldinthelungs．Anditisbelievedthataspecialkindofoilinhisheadissomesortofcompensatingmechanismthat__________.65adjuststheinternalpressureofhisbody．Butsinceyoucan’tbringalivewhaleintothelaboratoryforstudynooneknowsjusthowthesethingswork．
MotherNatureShowsHerStrength Tornadoes龙卷风andheavythunderstormsmovedacrosstheGreatLakesandintoTrumbullCountyonSaturdayevening．Thestormsweredramaticanddangerous． GeorgeSnyderwasdrivingthefiretruckdownRoute88whenhefirstnoticedthatafunnel漏斗状的cloudwasbehindhim．Istoppedthetruckandwatchedthefunnelcloud．Itwasabout100feetoffthegroundandIsawitgoupanddownforawhile．Itwasmovingtoward BradleyRoadandthensuddenlyitdisappeared．Snydersaid． Snyderonlysawoneofthefunnelcloudsthatpassedthroughnortheastern0hioonSaturday．InTrumbullCountyatornadoturnedtreesontotheirsides．Sometreesfellontohousesandcars．Othertreesfellintotelephoneandelectricalwiresastheywentdown． AmandaSymcheckwashavingapartywhenthestormbegan．Iknewsomethingwaswronghesaid．Isawtheskygogreenandpink粉红色．Thenitsoundedlikeatrainrushingtowardthehouse．Istartedcryingandtoldeveryonetogotothebasementfor protection． Thetornadocauseda10tofdamagetocarsandhousesinthearea．Itwilltakealongtimeandmuchmoneytorepaireverything．Therewasalsoseriouswaterdamagefromthethunderstorms．Theheavyrainsandhighwindcausedthepowertogooutinmanyhomes． Thestormscausedseriousfloodinginareasneartheriver．MorethanfourinchesofrainfellinpartsofTrumbullCounty．Theriverwassohighthatthewaterranintostreetsandhouses．ManystreetshadtobeclosedtoCarsandtrucksbecauseofthehighwater．ThismadeitdifficultforfiretruckspoliceCarsandotherrescuevehiclestohelppeoplewhowereintrouble．Manypeoplewholiveneartheriverhadtoleavetheirhomesfortheirownsafety．Somepeoplereportedfivefeetofwaterintheirhomes．Localandstateofficialsopenedemergencysheltersforthepeoplewhowereevacuated撤走．’TheRedCrossservedmealstothem． ThiswasareallyintensestormsaidSnyder．Peoplewereafraid．MotherNaturecanbefierce．Wewereluckythistime．Noonewaskilled Severalpeopleweremissingduringthestorm．
第二篇SuperconductorCeramic陶瓷 Anundergroundrevolutionbeginsthiswinter．withtheflip轻击ofaswitch30000homesinonepartofDetroitwillsoonbecomethefirstinthecountrytoreceiveelectricitytransmittedbyice．coldhigh．performancecables．OtherAmericancitiesareexpectedtofollowDetroit’sexampleintheyearsahead．whichcouldconserveenormousamountsofpower． ThenewelectricalcablesattheFrisbiepowerstationinDetroitarerevolutionarybecausetheyaremadeofsuperconductors．Asuperconductorisamaterialthattransmitselectricitywithlittleornoresistance．Resistanceisthedegreetowhichasubstanceresistselectriccurrent．Allcommonelectricalconductorshaveacertainamountofelectricalresistance．Theyconvertatleastsomeoftheelectricalenergypassingthroughthemintowasteheat．Superconductorsdon’t?Nooneunderstandshowsuperconductivityworks．Itjustdoes． Makingsuperconductorsisn’teasy．Asuperconductormaterialhastobecooledtoanextremelylowtemperatureto10seitsresistance．Thefirstsuperconductorsmademorethan50yearsagohadtobecooledto-263degreesCelsiusbeforetheylosttheirresistance．Newersuperconductingmaterials10setheirresistanceat-143degreesCelsius． ThesuperconductorscableinstalledattheFrisbiestationismadeofaceramicmaterialthatcontainscopper．oxygen．bismuth铋strontium锶．andcalcium钙．Aceramicisahard．strongcompoundmadefromclayorminerals．Thesuperconductingceramichasbeenfashionedintoatapethatiswrappedlengthwisearoundalongtubefilledwithliquidnitrogen．Liquidnitrogenissupercoldandlowersthetemperatureoftheceramictapetothepointwhereitconveyselectricitywithzeroresistance． TheUnitedStateslosesanenormousamountofelectricityeachyeartoresistance．Becausecooledsuperconductorshavenoresistance．theywastemuchlesspower．0thercitiesarewatchingtheFrisbieexperimentinthehopethattheymightswitchtosuperconductingcableandconservepower．too． Whatisthebenefitoftherevolutionmentionedinthefirstparagraph?
第二篇SuperconductorCeramic陶瓷 Anundergroundrevolutionbeginsthiswinter．withtheflip轻击ofaswitch30000homesinonepartofDetroitwillsoonbecomethefirstinthecountrytoreceiveelectricitytransmittedbyice．coldhigh．performancecables．OtherAmericancitiesareexpectedtofollowDetroit’sexampleintheyearsahead．whichcouldconserveenormousamountsofpower． ThenewelectricalcablesattheFrisbiepowerstationinDetroitarerevolutionarybecausetheyaremadeofsuperconductors．Asuperconductorisamaterialthattransmitselectricitywithlittleornoresistance．Resistanceisthedegreetowhichasubstanceresistselectriccurrent．Allcommonelectricalconductorshaveacertainamountofelectricalresistance．Theyconvertatleastsomeoftheelectricalenergypassingthroughthemintowasteheat．Superconductorsdon’t?Nooneunderstandshowsuperconductivityworks．Itjustdoes． Makingsuperconductorsisn’teasy．Asuperconductormaterialhastobecooledtoanextremelylowtemperatureto10seitsresistance．Thefirstsuperconductorsmademorethan50yearsagohadtobecooledto-263degreesCelsiusbeforetheylosttheirresistance．Newersuperconductingmaterials10setheirresistanceat-143degreesCelsius． ThesuperconductorscableinstalledattheFrisbiestationismadeofaceramicmaterialthatcontainscopper．oxygen．bismuth铋strontium锶．andcalcium钙．Aceramicisahard．strongcompoundmadefromclayorminerals．Thesuperconductingceramichasbeenfashionedintoatapethatiswrappedlengthwisearoundalongtubefilledwithliquidnitrogen．Liquidnitrogenissupercoldandlowersthetemperatureoftheceramictapetothepointwhereitconveyselectricitywithzeroresistance． TheUnitedStateslosesanenormousamountofelectricityeachyeartoresistance．Becausecooledsuperconductorshavenoresistance．theywastemuchlesspower．0thercitiesarewatchingtheFrisbieexperimentinthehopethattheymightswitchtosuperconductingcableandconservepower．too． Atwhattemperaturedoesthesuperconductingceramicloseitsresistance?
Thetownisfamousforits{{U}}magnificent{{/U}}buildings.
Mary{{U}}rarely{{/U}}speakstoSusan.
第二篇SuperconductorCeramic陶瓷 Anundergroundrevolutionbeginsthiswinter．withtheflip轻击ofaswitch30000homesinonepartofDetroitwillsoonbecomethefirstinthecountrytoreceiveelectricitytransmittedbyice．coldhigh．performancecables．OtherAmericancitiesareexpectedtofollowDetroit’sexampleintheyearsahead．whichcouldconserveenormousamountsofpower． ThenewelectricalcablesattheFrisbiepowerstationinDetroitarerevolutionarybecausetheyaremadeofsuperconductors．Asuperconductorisamaterialthattransmitselectricitywithlittleornoresistance．Resistanceisthedegreetowhichasubstanceresistselectriccurrent．Allcommonelectricalconductorshaveacertainamountofelectricalresistance．Theyconvertatleastsomeoftheelectricalenergypassingthroughthemintowasteheat．Superconductorsdon’t?Nooneunderstandshowsuperconductivityworks．Itjustdoes． Makingsuperconductorsisn’teasy．Asuperconductormaterialhastobecooledtoanextremelylowtemperatureto10seitsresistance．Thefirstsuperconductorsmademorethan50yearsagohadtobecooledto-263degreesCelsiusbeforetheylosttheirresistance．Newersuperconductingmaterials10setheirresistanceat-143degreesCelsius． ThesuperconductorscableinstalledattheFrisbiestationismadeofaceramicmaterialthatcontainscopper．oxygen．bismuth铋strontium锶．andcalcium钙．Aceramicisahard．strongcompoundmadefromclayorminerals．Thesuperconductingceramichasbeenfashionedintoatapethatiswrappedlengthwisearoundalongtubefilledwithliquidnitrogen．Liquidnitrogenissupercoldandlowersthetemperatureoftheceramictapetothepointwhereitconveyselectricitywithzeroresistance． TheUnitedStateslosesanenormousamountofelectricityeachyeartoresistance．Becausecooledsuperconductorshavenoresistance．theywastemuchlesspower．0thercitiesarewatchingtheFrisbieexperimentinthehopethattheymightswitchtosuperconductingcableandconservepower．too． AccordingtothelastparagraphwhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
Wehadalong{{U}}conversation{{/U}}aboutherparents.
Jackpackedupallthethingshehadaccumulatedoverthe{{U}}last{{/U}}tenyears.
You’dbetterputthesedocumentsina{{U}}safe{{/U}}place.
TheGreatestMysteryOfWhales Thewhaleisawarm-bloodedair-breathinganimalgivingbirthtoitsyoungalivesuckingthem--andlikeallmammalsoriginatedonland．Therearemany frontflippers鳍状肢usedforsteeringandstabilityaretracesoffeet． __________.51ofthis．ItsImmensestrengthis__________.52intothegreatbodyofthebigwhalesandinfactmostofawhale’sbodyisonegiganticmuscle．Thebluewhale’spullingstrengthhasbeenestimated__________.53400horsepower．Onespecimenwasreportedtohavetowed拖awhaling vesselforsevenhoursatthe__________.54ofeightknot节. Anangrywhalewill__________.55AfamousexampleofthiswasthefateofWhalerEssex__________.56wassunkoffthecoastofSouthAmericaearlyinthelastcentury．Morerecentlysteelshipshave__________.57theirplatesbuckled使弯曲inthesameway．Spermwhales抹香鲸wereknowntoseizetheold-timewhaleboatsintheirjawsandcrushThem. Thegreatest__________.58ofwhalesistheirdivingability．ThespermwhaledivestotheBottomforhis__________.59foodtheoctopus章鱼．InthatsearchheisknowntogoasfarDownas3200feetwherethe．__________.60is1400poundstoasquareinch．Doingsohe Will__________.61underwaterlongasonehour．Twospecialskillsareinvolvedinthisstoringupenough__________.62allwhalesareair—breathedandtoleratingthegreatchangeinpressure．Justhowhedoesitscientistshavenot__________.63．Itisbelievedthatsomeoftheoxygenisstoredinaspecial__________.64ofbloodvesselsratherthanjustheldinthelungs．Anditisbelievedthataspecialkindofoilinhisheadissomesortofcompensatingmechanismthat__________.65adjuststheinternalpressureofhisbody．Butsinceyoucan’tbringalivewhaleintothelaboratoryforstudynooneknowsjusthowthesethingswork．
第三篇TheScienceoftheFuture Untilrecentlythescienceofthefuturewassupposedtobeelectronicsandartificialintelligence．TodayitseemsmoreandmorelikelythatthenextgreatbreakthroughsintechnologywillbebroughtthroughacombinationOfthosetwoscienceswithorganicchemistryandgeneticengineering．Thiscombinationisthescienceofbiotechnology． Organicchemistryenablesustoproducemarveloussynthetic合成的materials．Howeveritisstilldifficulttomanufactureanythingthathasthecapacityofwooltoconserveheatandalsotoabsorbmoisture．Nothingthatwehavebeenabletoproducesofarcomesanywherenearthecombinationofstrength．1ightnessandflexibilitythatwefindinthebodiesofordinaryinsects． Nevertheless．scientistsinthelaboratoryhavealreadysucceededingrowingamaterialthathasmanyofthecharacteristicsofhumanskin．Thenextstepmaywellbebiotechheartsandeyeswhichcanreplacediseasedorgansinhumanbeings．Thesewillnotberejectedbythebodyasisthecasewithorgansfromhumans． Theapplicationofbiotechnologytoenergyproductionseemsevenmorepromising．In1996thefamousscience．fictionwriterArthurC．Clarkemanyofwhosepreviouspredictionshavecometruesaidthatwemaysoonbeabletodevelopremarkablycheapandrenewablesourcesofenergy．Someofthesepowersourceswillbebiological．Clarkeandothershavewarnedusrepeatedlythatsoonerorlaterwewillhavetogiveupourdependenceonnon-renewablepowersources．Coaloilandgasareindeedconvenient．Howeverusingthemalsomeanscreatingdangerouslyhighlevelsofpollution．Itwillbeimpossibletomeetthegrowingdemandfor energywithoutincreasingthatpollutiontocatastrophic灾难性的levelsunlesswedeveloppowersourcesthatarebothcheaperandcleaner． Itisattemptingtothinkthatbiotechnologyorsomeotherscienceofthefuturecansolveourproblems．Beforewesurrendertothattemptationweshouldremembernuclearpower．Onlyafewgenerationsagoitseemedtopromiselimitlesscheapandsafeenergy．Todaythosepromises1ieburiedinaconcretegraveinaplacecalledChernobylintheUkraine．Biotechnologyisunlikely．howevertobreakitspromisesinquitethesameorsuchadangerousway． In1996.ArthurC．Clarkepredictedthat
TheGreatestMysteryOfWhales Thewhaleisawarm-bloodedair-breathinganimalgivingbirthtoitsyoungalivesuckingthem--andlikeallmammalsoriginatedonland．Therearemany frontflippers鳍状肢usedforsteeringandstabilityaretracesoffeet． __________.51ofthis．ItsImmensestrengthis__________.52intothegreatbodyofthebigwhalesandinfactmostofawhale’sbodyisonegiganticmuscle．Thebluewhale’spullingstrengthhasbeenestimated__________.53400horsepower．Onespecimenwasreportedtohavetowed拖awhaling vesselforsevenhoursatthe__________.54ofeightknot节. Anangrywhalewill__________.55AfamousexampleofthiswasthefateofWhalerEssex__________.56wassunkoffthecoastofSouthAmericaearlyinthelastcentury．Morerecentlysteelshipshave__________.57theirplatesbuckled使弯曲inthesameway．Spermwhales抹香鲸wereknowntoseizetheold-timewhaleboatsintheirjawsandcrushThem. Thegreatest__________.58ofwhalesistheirdivingability．ThespermwhaledivestotheBottomforhis__________.59foodtheoctopus章鱼．InthatsearchheisknowntogoasfarDownas3200feetwherethe．__________.60is1400poundstoasquareinch．Doingsohe Will__________.61underwaterlongasonehour．Twospecialskillsareinvolvedinthisstoringupenough__________.62allwhalesareair—breathedandtoleratingthegreatchangeinpressure．Justhowhedoesitscientistshavenot__________.63．Itisbelievedthatsomeoftheoxygenisstoredinaspecial__________.64ofbloodvesselsratherthanjustheldinthelungs．Anditisbelievedthataspecialkindofoilinhisheadissomesortofcompensatingmechanismthat__________.65adjuststheinternalpressureofhisbody．Butsinceyoucan’tbringalivewhaleintothelaboratoryforstudynooneknowsjusthowthesethingswork．
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