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Adaptation of Living Things Certain animals and plants develop cha...
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卫生类《阅读理解》真题及答案
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Thetownisfamousforitsmagnificentchurchtowers.
ProblemsthatManufacturersFace Manufacturerswhowishtoexporttheirgoodstoothercountries【51】manypracticalproblems. Firstlythereisthequestionofevaluatingthemarketand【52】wheretheproduct【53】well.This【54】examiningrivalproductstosee【55】thesealreadyfillthedemandornotandconsideringiftheproposedsellingpricewillbecompetitive.【56】istofindsomeoneinthechosenmarket【57】willbuytheproduct.Thebuyercouldbeawholesalerwhowill【58】selltheproducttoshopsandstoresorsomeonewitharetailoutletof【59】own.Finallythere’’s【60】wholequestionofarrangingthedetailsofthedealsuchasfinancetransportationstorage.【61】amanufacturerknowstheexportmarketverywellindeedthebestanswertoalltheseproblemsisundoubtedlytofindagoodagentwhocanmakethewholeprojectviable.Anagentwillprovideinformationintroductionsandcontactsandinreturnheorshewillgetan【62】percentageformthemanufacturer. WhenPaulOsmantheSalesManagerofJayalMotorswhich【63】mopedsvisitedacityinanattempttobreakintoanewmarketfindinganagentwashisfirstjob.HewasfortunatetobeintroducedtoAdamFortesqueawellestablishedagentwhois【64】impressedbytheJayalmopedstoputhisassistantEveSorrellontothejobofhelpingPaulinhisproposedexpansionintotheexportmarket. 【65】thisattemptbringsitsownproblemsandPaulhasrealizedthatJayalMotorswillhavetoadaptquicklyifitistobecomeanexpandinginternationalcompany.
AIDS AIDSisAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome.Thehumanimmunodeficiencyvirus人类免疫缺损病毒calledHIVisbelievedtocauseAIDS.Thereisnocure.Peoplewhogetthediseasewilldie.AIDSitselfdoesnotkill.Howeveritattacksanddestroysthebody’’sdefensesystemthatfightsagainstinfection.Whenthishappensapersonhaslittleabilitytofightoffmanyotherdiseasesincludingpneumonia肺炎cancerandtuberculosis结核病. AnewstudysaysthenumberofwomenintheUnitedStateswithAIDShasincreasedsharply.ThestudysaysAIDSisincreasingfasteramongwomenthanamongmen.EighteenpercentofAIDSpatientsarewomen.Thisisalmost3timestherate10yearsago.MostwomengettheAIDSvirusfromhavingsexualrelationswithmen.Pregnantwomenwiththediseasecanpassittotheirbabies.TheeffectofAIDSinAmericaisgreatestinlargecities.AIDSistheleadingcauseofdeathamongallpeoplein79cities.Itistheleadingcauseofdeathamongwomenin15cities.TheseincludeNewYorkCityandMiamiFlorida. DoctorsintheUnitedStatesfirstnotedAIDS14yearsagoinhomosexual同性恋的meninNewYorkandCalifornia.IntheUnitedStatesAIDSspreadfirstamonghomosexualmen.Thenitappearedinpeoplewhosharedneedlestoputillegaldrugsintotheirblood.Italsoappearedinpeoplewhohadreceivedinfectedbloodproductsathospitals.TheAIDSvirusisspreadthroughtheexchangeofinfectedbloodorbodyfluidsreleasedduringsexualactivity.Itisalsospreadbyhavingsexualrelationswithsomeonewhohasthevirus.Anditisspreadbysharingdrugneedlesthathaveinfectedbloodonthem. AIDShasaffectedseveralfamousAmericanathletes.TwoyearsagoformertennisplayerArthurAshediedofthedisease.AtaboutthesametimeformerbasketballplayerMagicJohnsonannouncedthathehastheAIDSvirus.ThemostrecentathletetobeaffectedisGregoryLouganis.LouganiswonanumberofgoldmedalsinOlympicdivingcompetition.HeannouncedontelevisionthathehasAIDS.PresidentClintonmetwithLouganisandpraisedhimfordiscussinghissickness.Mr.Clintonsaiditisimportanttoeducatethepublic. ActivistshavesucceededineducatingAmericansaboutAIDSandthepeoplewhohaveit.TheyalsohavebeenurgingthefederalgovernmenttoincreaseeffortstofindacureforAIDS.ScientistsfirstidentifiedthevirusthatisbelievedtocauseAIDSin1983.Manyofthemthenthoughttheycouldproduceananti-AIDSvaccine痘苗.Suchamedicinecouldbegiventopeopletoprotectagainstthedisease.HoweverscientistsatAmericangovernmentagenciesuniversitiesanddrugcompanieshavefailedtoproduceananti-AIDSvaccine.Buttheyarecontinuingefforttofindbettertreatmentsforacure. WhyaresomemuseumsclosedinayearlyeventcalledDaywithoutArt?
ProblemsthatManufacturersFace Manufacturerswhowishtoexporttheirgoodstoothercountries【51】manypracticalproblems. Firstlythereisthequestionofevaluatingthemarketand【52】wheretheproduct【53】well.This【54】examiningrivalproductstosee【55】thesealreadyfillthedemandornotandconsideringiftheproposedsellingpricewillbecompetitive.【56】istofindsomeoneinthechosenmarket【57】willbuytheproduct.Thebuyercouldbeawholesalerwhowill【58】selltheproducttoshopsandstoresorsomeonewitharetailoutletof【59】own.Finallythere’’s【60】wholequestionofarrangingthedetailsofthedealsuchasfinancetransportationstorage.【61】amanufacturerknowstheexportmarketverywellindeedthebestanswertoalltheseproblemsisundoubtedlytofindagoodagentwhocanmakethewholeprojectviable.Anagentwillprovideinformationintroductionsandcontactsandinreturnheorshewillgetan【62】percentageformthemanufacturer. WhenPaulOsmantheSalesManagerofJayalMotorswhich【63】mopedsvisitedacityinanattempttobreakintoanewmarketfindinganagentwashisfirstjob.HewasfortunatetobeintroducedtoAdamFortesqueawellestablishedagentwhois【64】impressedbytheJayalmopedstoputhisassistantEveSorrellontothejobofhelpingPaulinhisproposedexpansionintotheexportmarket. 【65】thisattemptbringsitsownproblemsandPaulhasrealizedthatJayalMotorswillhavetoadaptquicklyifitistobecomeanexpandinginternationalcompany.
Cancer ThepopularTVvariety-showhostwasgrimbutcalm.Hefacedthecamerasandsaidbluntly:Ihavecancer. MasatakaItsumi’’sdisclosuremaybethelatestsignthattheshameassociatedwithcancerisfinallybreakingdowninacountrywhereunliketheUnitedSatesthetopichastraditionallybeentaboo. Canceristhecountry’’sNo.1killerchainingmorethan230000livesayear.Despitethenumberofpeopleaffectedthesubjecthaslongbeenconcealedinsecrecyandsilence. AsaruleJapanesearereluctanttotellanyoneotherthanfamilyiftheyhavecancer.Anddoctorsoftenlietopatientsaboutacancerdiagnosisfearingtheywouldbedepressedandweakenedbythetruth.Pollsindicatethatmostpeoplewouldprefertobetoldiftheyhavecancer.Buthealthauthoritieshaveestimatedasfewasoneinfivecancerpatientsisgivenatruthfuldiagnosis.Thepatientisveryafraidtohearofhavingcancersomanydoctorsjustdon’ttellsaidonedoctor.Butifwedon’ttellthetruthit’’sbadfortherelationshipbetweendoctorandpatient.SoIthinkthisisbeginningtochange.HesaidhebelievedtheintensepublicinterestintheItsumicasereflectedpent-upcuriosityandconcernaboutthesubject. Thereareothersignsofgreateropennessinconfrontingcancer.Supportgroupsforcancervictimsonceunknownhavesprungup.Theplotofarecentfilmrevolvedaroundamanwithcancer.Anunusuallypowerfultelevisionadvertisementappealingforbone-marrowdonationsfeaturesayoungwomanwhohassincediedofleukemia. Butsecrecyaboutcancerisstillcommon.InJapanseriousillnessisconsideredembarrassing.Peopleworryaboutcausingsufferingandexpensefortheirfamiliesordiscomfortingtheircolleagues.Itsumiinfactbeganhisnewsconferencebyapologizing. Otherfactorscontributetothetabooontalkaboutcancer.Thereisaculturaltendencytowardrestraintondiscussingpersonalmattersandstoicisminfacingproblems.Evenifpatientssensesomethingisverywrongdespiteagooddiagnosismostdonotpresstheirdoctorsorseekasecondopinion.Doctorsaregranteddeeprespectinasocietythatdiscouragesquestioningauthority. WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheJapanese?
Food ManyAmericansharbouragrosslydistortedandexaggeratedviewofmostoftheriskssurroundingfood.FergusClydesdaleheadofthedepartmentoffoodscienceandnutritionattheuniversityofMassachusettsAmherstsaysbluntlythatifthedangersfrombacteriallycontaminatedchickenwereasgreatassomepeoplebelieve.Thestreetswouldbelitteredwithpeoplelyinghereandthere. Thoughthepublicincreasinglydemandsno-riskfoodthereisnosuchthing.BruceAmeschairmanofthebiochemistrydepartmentattheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeleypointsoutthatupto10%ofaplant’’sweightismadeupofnaturalpesticides杀虫剂.Sayshe;Sinceplantsdonothavejawsorteethtoprotectthemselvestheyemploychemicalwarfare.Andmanynaturallyproducedchemicalsthoughoccurringintinyamountsproveinlaboratoryteststobestrongcarcinogens—asubstancewhichcancausecancer.Mushrooms蘑菇mightbebannediftheywerejudgedbythesamestandardsthatapplytofoodadditives添加剂.DeclaresChristinaStarkanutritionistatCornellUniversity:We’’vegotfarworstnaturalchemicalsinthefoodsupplythananythingman-made. Yettheissuesarenotthatsimple.WhileAmericanshavenoreasontotheterrifiedtositdownatthedinnertabletheyhaveeveryreasontodemandsignificantimprovementsinfoodandwatersafety.Theyunconsciouslyandunwillinglytakeintoomuchoftoomanydangerouschemicals.Iffoodalreadycontainsnaturalcarcinogensitdoesnotmakemuchsensetoadddozensofnewman-madeones.Thoughmostpeoplewillwithstandthesmallamountsofcontaminantsgenerallyfoundinfoodandwateratleastafewindividualswillprobablygetcanceronedaybecauseofwhattheyeatanddrink. TomakegoodfoodandwatersuppliesevenbettertheGovernmentneedstotightenitsregulatorystandardsstiffenitsinspectionprogramandstrengthenitsenforcementpolicies.Thefoodindustryshouldmodifysomelong-acceptedpracticesorturntolesshazardousalternatives.Perhapsmostimportantconsumerswillhavetodoabetterjoboflearninghowtohandleandcookfoodproperly.Theproblemsthatneedtobetackledexistallalongthefood-supplychainfromfieldstoprocessingplantstokitchens. Thereductionofthepossiblehazardsinfoodultimatelydependsonthegovernment.
Food ManyAmericansharbouragrosslydistortedandexaggeratedviewofmostoftheriskssurroundingfood.FergusClydesdaleheadofthedepartmentoffoodscienceandnutritionattheuniversityofMassachusettsAmherstsaysbluntlythatifthedangersfrombacteriallycontaminatedchickenwereasgreatassomepeoplebelieve.Thestreetswouldbelitteredwithpeoplelyinghereandthere. Thoughthepublicincreasinglydemandsno-riskfoodthereisnosuchthing.BruceAmeschairmanofthebiochemistrydepartmentattheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeleypointsoutthatupto10%ofaplant’’sweightismadeupofnaturalpesticides杀虫剂.Sayshe;Sinceplantsdonothavejawsorteethtoprotectthemselvestheyemploychemicalwarfare.Andmanynaturallyproducedchemicalsthoughoccurringintinyamountsproveinlaboratoryteststobestrongcarcinogens—asubstancewhichcancausecancer.Mushrooms蘑菇mightbebannediftheywerejudgedbythesamestandardsthatapplytofoodadditives添加剂.DeclaresChristinaStarkanutritionistatCornellUniversity:We’’vegotfarworstnaturalchemicalsinthefoodsupplythananythingman-made. Yettheissuesarenotthatsimple.WhileAmericanshavenoreasontotheterrifiedtositdownatthedinnertabletheyhaveeveryreasontodemandsignificantimprovementsinfoodandwatersafety.Theyunconsciouslyandunwillinglytakeintoomuchoftoomanydangerouschemicals.Iffoodalreadycontainsnaturalcarcinogensitdoesnotmakemuchsensetoadddozensofnewman-madeones.Thoughmostpeoplewillwithstandthesmallamountsofcontaminantsgenerallyfoundinfoodandwateratleastafewindividualswillprobablygetcanceronedaybecauseofwhattheyeatanddrink. TomakegoodfoodandwatersuppliesevenbettertheGovernmentneedstotightenitsregulatorystandardsstiffenitsinspectionprogramandstrengthenitsenforcementpolicies.Thefoodindustryshouldmodifysomelong-acceptedpracticesorturntolesshazardousalternatives.Perhapsmostimportantconsumerswillhavetodoabetterjoboflearninghowtohandleandcookfoodproperly.Theproblemsthatneedtobetackledexistallalongthefood-supplychainfromfieldstoprocessingplantstokitchens. Thegovernmenthavenoresponsibilityinreducingthepossiblehazardsinfood.
Food ManyAmericansharbouragrosslydistortedandexaggeratedviewofmostoftheriskssurroundingfood.FergusClydesdaleheadofthedepartmentoffoodscienceandnutritionattheuniversityofMassachusettsAmherstsaysbluntlythatifthedangersfrombacteriallycontaminatedchickenwereasgreatassomepeoplebelieve.Thestreetswouldbelitteredwithpeoplelyinghereandthere. Thoughthepublicincreasinglydemandsno-riskfoodthereisnosuchthing.BruceAmeschairmanofthebiochemistrydepartmentattheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeleypointsoutthatupto10%ofaplant’’sweightismadeupofnaturalpesticides杀虫剂.Sayshe;Sinceplantsdonothavejawsorteethtoprotectthemselvestheyemploychemicalwarfare.Andmanynaturallyproducedchemicalsthoughoccurringintinyamountsproveinlaboratoryteststobestrongcarcinogens—asubstancewhichcancausecancer.Mushrooms蘑菇mightbebannediftheywerejudgedbythesamestandardsthatapplytofoodadditives添加剂.DeclaresChristinaStarkanutritionistatCornellUniversity:We’’vegotfarworstnaturalchemicalsinthefoodsupplythananythingman-made. Yettheissuesarenotthatsimple.WhileAmericanshavenoreasontotheterrifiedtositdownatthedinnertabletheyhaveeveryreasontodemandsignificantimprovementsinfoodandwatersafety.Theyunconsciouslyandunwillinglytakeintoomuchoftoomanydangerouschemicals.Iffoodalreadycontainsnaturalcarcinogensitdoesnotmakemuchsensetoadddozensofnewman-madeones.Thoughmostpeoplewillwithstandthesmallamountsofcontaminantsgenerallyfoundinfoodandwateratleastafewindividualswillprobablygetcanceronedaybecauseofwhattheyeatanddrink. TomakegoodfoodandwatersuppliesevenbettertheGovernmentneedstotightenitsregulatorystandardsstiffenitsinspectionprogramandstrengthenitsenforcementpolicies.Thefoodindustryshouldmodifysomelong-acceptedpracticesorturntolesshazardousalternatives.Perhapsmostimportantconsumerswillhavetodoabetterjoboflearninghowtohandleandcookfoodproperly.Theproblemsthatneedtobetackledexistallalongthefood-supplychainfromfieldstoprocessingplantstokitchens. Theauthorconsidersitimpossibletoobtainno-riskfoodbecausemanyvegetablescontaindangerousnaturalchemicals.
Becauseofherrudenesstocustomersthewaitresshasbeenfired.
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Onlythreestrategiesareavailablefor controllingcancerpreventionscreeningandtreatment.Lungcancercausesmore deathsthananyothertypeofcancer.Amajorcauseofthediseaseis{{U}} ?51?{{/U}}known;thereisnogoodevidencethatscreeningisofmuch help;andtreatmentfailsinabout90percentofallcases.Atpresent thereforethemainstrategymustbe{{U}}?52?{{/U}}.Thismaynot alwaysbetrueofcourseasforsomeothertypesOfcancerresearch{{U}} ?53?{{/U}}thepastfewdecadeshasproducedorsuggestedsome importantprogressinpreventionscreeningortreatment.{{U}}?54 ?{{/U}}howeverweconsidernotwhatresearchmayonedayofferbutwhat today’sknowledgecouldalreadydeliverthatisnotbeingdeliveredthenthe mostpracticableandcost-effectiveopportunitiesforavoidingprematuredeath fromcancerespeciallylungcancerprobablyinvolveneitherscreeningnor improved{{U}}?55?{{/U}}butprevention.??This conclusiondoesnotdependontheunrealisticassumptionthatwecan{{U}} ?56?{{/U}}tobacco.Itmerelyassumesthatwecanreducecigarette salesappreciablybyraisingpricesorby{{U}}?57?{{/U}}thetypeof educationthatalreadyappearstohavehada{{U}}?58?{{/U}}effecton cigaretteconsumptionbywhite-collarworkersandthatwecansubstantially reducetheamountoftardeliveredpercigarette.Thepracticabilityof preventingcancerbysuchmeasuresappliesnotonlyinthosecountries{{U}} ?59?{{/U}}theUSwherebecausecigarettesmokinghasbeencommon fordecades25～30percentofallcancerdeathsnowinvolvelungcancerbut alsointhosewhereithasbecome{{U}}?60?{{/U}}onlyrecently.In Chinaforexamplelungcancer{{U}}?61?{{/U}}accountsforonlyabout 510percentofallcancerdeaths.Thisisbecauseitmaytakeasmuchashalfa century{{U}}?62?{{/U}}theriseinsmokingtoincreasetheincidenceof lungcancer.Countrieswherecigarettesmokingisonlynowbecomingwidespread canexpectenormousincreasesinlungcancerduringthe1990sorearlyinthe nextcentury{{U}}?63?{{/U}}prompteffectiveactionistakenagainst thehabit--indeed.suchincreasesarealreadyplainlyevidentinpartsof{{U}} ?64?{{/U}}.??Therearefourreasonswhytheprevention oflungcancerisofsuchoverwhelmingimportance:firstthediseaseis extremelycommoncausingmoredeathsthananyothertypeofcancernowdoes; secondlyitisgenerallyincurable;thirdlyeffectivepracticablemeasuresto reduceitsincidencearealreadyreliablyknown;andfinally{{U}}?65 ?{{/U}}tobaccoconsumptionwillalsohaveasubstantialimpactonmanyother diseases.
Inviolinmakingthechoiceofthewoodiscrucial.
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Onlythreestrategiesareavailablefor controllingcancerpreventionscreeningandtreatment.Lungcancercausesmore deathsthananyothertypeofcancer.Amajorcauseofthediseaseis{{U}} ?51?{{/U}}known;thereisnogoodevidencethatscreeningisofmuch help;andtreatmentfailsinabout90percentofallcases.Atpresent thereforethemainstrategymustbe{{U}}?52?{{/U}}.Thismaynot alwaysbetrueofcourseasforsomeothertypesOfcancerresearch{{U}} ?53?{{/U}}thepastfewdecadeshasproducedorsuggestedsome importantprogressinpreventionscreeningortreatment.{{U}}?54 ?{{/U}}howeverweconsidernotwhatresearchmayonedayofferbutwhat today’sknowledgecouldalreadydeliverthatisnotbeingdeliveredthenthe mostpracticableandcost-effectiveopportunitiesforavoidingprematuredeath fromcancerespeciallylungcancerprobablyinvolveneitherscreeningnor improved{{U}}?55?{{/U}}butprevention.??This conclusiondoesnotdependontheunrealisticassumptionthatwecan{{U}} ?56?{{/U}}tobacco.Itmerelyassumesthatwecanreducecigarette salesappreciablybyraisingpricesorby{{U}}?57?{{/U}}thetypeof educationthatalreadyappearstohavehada{{U}}?58?{{/U}}effecton cigaretteconsumptionbywhite-collarworkersandthatwecansubstantially reducetheamountoftardeliveredpercigarette.Thepracticabilityof preventingcancerbysuchmeasuresappliesnotonlyinthosecountries{{U}} ?59?{{/U}}theUSwherebecausecigarettesmokinghasbeencommon fordecades25～30percentofallcancerdeathsnowinvolvelungcancerbut alsointhosewhereithasbecome{{U}}?60?{{/U}}onlyrecently.In Chinaforexamplelungcancer{{U}}?61?{{/U}}accountsforonlyabout 510percentofallcancerdeaths.Thisisbecauseitmaytakeasmuchashalfa century{{U}}?62?{{/U}}theriseinsmokingtoincreasetheincidenceof lungcancer.Countrieswherecigarettesmokingisonlynowbecomingwidespread canexpectenormousincreasesinlungcancerduringthe1990sorearlyinthe nextcentury{{U}}?63?{{/U}}prompteffectiveactionistakenagainst thehabit--indeed.suchincreasesarealreadyplainlyevidentinpartsof{{U}} ?64?{{/U}}.??Therearefourreasonswhytheprevention oflungcancerisofsuchoverwhelmingimportance:firstthediseaseis extremelycommoncausingmoredeathsthananyothertypeofcancernowdoes; secondlyitisgenerallyincurable;thirdlyeffectivepracticablemeasuresto reduceitsincidencearealreadyreliablyknown;andfinally{{U}}?65 ?{{/U}}tobaccoconsumptionwillalsohaveasubstantialimpactonmanyother diseases.
Vending Vendingissuchanup-to-dateconceptinprovidingproductswhereandwhencustomerswantthemthatitishardtobelievethatitmadeitsfirstappearanceinEgyptianTemplesbackin215B.C. Vendinghasbenefitedfromthatlonghistoryandisnowpoisedtomeettheneedsofthe21stcenturyconsumer. Currentdaypressuresmeanthatwearealltime-starvedandthereadyavailabilityofadrinkandasnackattherighttemperaturejustwherewewant.Itistheconvenientluxurythathelpstokeepstressatbayandprovidesafewmoreminutesatthedeskorinthegym. Atworkthoseextraminutesspentmakingteaorcoffeebyhandreallyaddup.ResearchconductedbytheNOPNationalOpinionPollfortheAssociationshowedthattheaveragetimespentonthisbyemployeesoverandaboveformallunchandteabreaksis45minutesperday.Thatequatestoafirmemploying50peoplelosingupto37maneverydayarealholeinproductivity! It’’snotjustintheworkplacethoughthatthebenefitsofvendingcanbeenjoyed.Moreandmoremajorhouseholdbrandsareseeingvendingasanidealroutetothecustomerfortheirproductsbecausethevendingmachinecanbetrustedtobereadytoservewheneverthereisademand.Machinesarenowfamiliarsightsatairportsgarageforecourtsleisuresitesrailwaystationsandanywhereelsethatpeoplegatherallowingconsumerstoputtogetheraninstantpicnic. It’’snosurprisethereforethatconsumersarecurrentlyspendingattherateofsome￡1billionperyearthroughtheslotsofvendingmachinesnowthat10milliondrinksarevendedintocupseveryday. Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.
AIDS AIDSisAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome.Thehumanimmunodeficiencyvirus人类免疫缺损病毒calledHIVisbelievedtocauseAIDS.Thereisnocure.Peoplewhogetthediseasewilldie.AIDSitselfdoesnotkill.Howeveritattacksanddestroysthebody’’sdefensesystemthatfightsagainstinfection.Whenthishappensapersonhaslittleabilitytofightoffmanyotherdiseasesincludingpneumonia肺炎cancerandtuberculosis结核病. AnewstudysaysthenumberofwomenintheUnitedStateswithAIDShasincreasedsharply.ThestudysaysAIDSisincreasingfasteramongwomenthanamongmen.EighteenpercentofAIDSpatientsarewomen.Thisisalmost3timestherate10yearsago.MostwomengettheAIDSvirusfromhavingsexualrelationswithmen.Pregnantwomenwiththediseasecanpassittotheirbabies.TheeffectofAIDSinAmericaisgreatestinlargecities.AIDSistheleadingcauseofdeathamongallpeoplein79cities.Itistheleadingcauseofdeathamongwomenin15cities.TheseincludeNewYorkCityandMiamiFlorida. DoctorsintheUnitedStatesfirstnotedAIDS14yearsagoinhomosexual同性恋的meninNewYorkandCalifornia.IntheUnitedStatesAIDSspreadfirstamonghomosexualmen.Thenitappearedinpeoplewhosharedneedlestoputillegaldrugsintotheirblood.Italsoappearedinpeoplewhohadreceivedinfectedbloodproductsathospitals.TheAIDSvirusisspreadthroughtheexchangeofinfectedbloodorbodyfluidsreleasedduringsexualactivity.Itisalsospreadbyhavingsexualrelationswithsomeonewhohasthevirus.Anditisspreadbysharingdrugneedlesthathaveinfectedbloodonthem. AIDShasaffectedseveralfamousAmericanathletes.TwoyearsagoformertennisplayerArthurAshediedofthedisease.AtaboutthesametimeformerbasketballplayerMagicJohnsonannouncedthathehastheAIDSvirus.ThemostrecentathletetobeaffectedisGregoryLouganis.LouganiswonanumberofgoldmedalsinOlympicdivingcompetition.HeannouncedontelevisionthathehasAIDS.PresidentClintonmetwithLouganisandpraisedhimfordiscussinghissickness.Mr.Clintonsaiditisimportanttoeducatethepublic. ActivistshavesucceededineducatingAmericansaboutAIDSandthepeoplewhohaveit.TheyalsohavebeenurgingthefederalgovernmenttoincreaseeffortstofindacureforAIDS.ScientistsfirstidentifiedthevirusthatisbelievedtocauseAIDSin1983.Manyofthemthenthoughttheycouldproduceananti-AIDSvaccine痘苗.Suchamedicinecouldbegiventopeopletoprotectagainstthedisease.HoweverscientistsatAmericangovernmentagenciesuniversitiesanddrugcompanieshavefailedtoproduceananti-AIDSvaccine.Buttheyarecontinuingefforttofindbettertreatmentsforacure. Whatisnotlikelytohappen?
Yourfatherisfuriousaboutthedamageyouhavedonetotheflowerbeds.
Cancer ThepopularTVvariety-showhostwasgrimbutcalm.Hefacedthecamerasandsaidbluntly:Ihavecancer. MasatakaItsumi’’sdisclosuremaybethelatestsignthattheshameassociatedwithcancerisfinallybreakingdowninacountrywhereunliketheUnitedSatesthetopichastraditionallybeentaboo. Canceristhecountry’’sNo.1killerchainingmorethan230000livesayear.Despitethenumberofpeopleaffectedthesubjecthaslongbeenconcealedinsecrecyandsilence. AsaruleJapanesearereluctanttotellanyoneotherthanfamilyiftheyhavecancer.Anddoctorsoftenlietopatientsaboutacancerdiagnosisfearingtheywouldbedepressedandweakenedbythetruth.Pollsindicatethatmostpeoplewouldprefertobetoldiftheyhavecancer.Buthealthauthoritieshaveestimatedasfewasoneinfivecancerpatientsisgivenatruthfuldiagnosis.Thepatientisveryafraidtohearofhavingcancersomanydoctorsjustdon’ttellsaidonedoctor.Butifwedon’ttellthetruthit’’sbadfortherelationshipbetweendoctorandpatient.SoIthinkthisisbeginningtochange.HesaidhebelievedtheintensepublicinterestintheItsumicasereflectedpent-upcuriosityandconcernaboutthesubject. Thereareothersignsofgreateropennessinconfrontingcancer.Supportgroupsforcancervictimsonceunknownhavesprungup.Theplotofarecentfilmrevolvedaroundamanwithcancer.Anunusuallypowerfultelevisionadvertisementappealingforbone-marrowdonationsfeaturesayoungwomanwhohassincediedofleukemia. Butsecrecyaboutcancerisstillcommon.InJapanseriousillnessisconsideredembarrassing.Peopleworryaboutcausingsufferingandexpensefortheirfamiliesordiscomfortingtheircolleagues.Itsumiinfactbeganhisnewsconferencebyapologizing. Otherfactorscontributetothetabooontalkaboutcancer.Thereisaculturaltendencytowardrestraintondiscussingpersonalmattersandstoicisminfacingproblems.Evenifpatientssensesomethingisverywrongdespiteagooddiagnosismostdonotpresstheirdoctorsorseekasecondopinion.Doctorsaregranteddeeprespectinasocietythatdiscouragesquestioningauthority. MasatakaItsumibeganhisnewsconferencebyapologizingbecause______.
Theexplorationofouterspaceisagreattriumphofmodernscience.
ProblemsthatManufacturersFace Manufacturerswhowishtoexporttheirgoodstoothercountries【51】manypracticalproblems. Firstlythereisthequestionofevaluatingthemarketand【52】wheretheproduct【53】well.This【54】examiningrivalproductstosee【55】thesealreadyfillthedemandornotandconsideringiftheproposedsellingpricewillbecompetitive.【56】istofindsomeoneinthechosenmarket【57】willbuytheproduct.Thebuyercouldbeawholesalerwhowill【58】selltheproducttoshopsandstoresorsomeonewitharetailoutletof【59】own.Finallythere’’s【60】wholequestionofarrangingthedetailsofthedealsuchasfinancetransportationstorage.【61】amanufacturerknowstheexportmarketverywellindeedthebestanswertoalltheseproblemsisundoubtedlytofindagoodagentwhocanmakethewholeprojectviable.Anagentwillprovideinformationintroductionsandcontactsandinreturnheorshewillgetan【62】percentageformthemanufacturer. WhenPaulOsmantheSalesManagerofJayalMotorswhich【63】mopedsvisitedacityinanattempttobreakintoanewmarketfindinganagentwashisfirstjob.HewasfortunatetobeintroducedtoAdamFortesqueawellestablishedagentwhois【64】impressedbytheJayalmopedstoputhisassistantEveSorrellontothejobofhelpingPaulinhisproposedexpansionintotheexportmarket. 【65】thisattemptbringsitsownproblemsandPaulhasrealizedthatJayalMotorswillhavetoadaptquicklyifitistobecomeanexpandinginternationalcompany.
ProblemsthatManufacturersFace Manufacturerswhowishtoexporttheirgoodstoothercountries【51】manypracticalproblems. Firstlythereisthequestionofevaluatingthemarketand【52】wheretheproduct【53】well.This【54】examiningrivalproductstosee【55】thesealreadyfillthedemandornotandconsideringiftheproposedsellingpricewillbecompetitive.【56】istofindsomeoneinthechosenmarket【57】willbuytheproduct.Thebuyercouldbeawholesalerwhowill【58】selltheproducttoshopsandstoresorsomeonewitharetailoutletof【59】own.Finallythere’’s【60】wholequestionofarrangingthedetailsofthedealsuchasfinancetransportationstorage.【61】amanufacturerknowstheexportmarketverywellindeedthebestanswertoalltheseproblemsisundoubtedlytofindagoodagentwhocanmakethewholeprojectviable.Anagentwillprovideinformationintroductionsandcontactsandinreturnheorshewillgetan【62】percentageformthemanufacturer. WhenPaulOsmantheSalesManagerofJayalMotorswhich【63】mopedsvisitedacityinanattempttobreakintoanewmarketfindinganagentwashisfirstjob.HewasfortunatetobeintroducedtoAdamFortesqueawellestablishedagentwhois【64】impressedbytheJayalmopedstoputhisassistantEveSorrellontothejobofhelpingPaulinhisproposedexpansionintotheexportmarket. 【65】thisattemptbringsitsownproblemsandPaulhasrealizedthatJayalMotorswillhavetoadaptquicklyifitistobecomeanexpandinginternationalcompany.
Hemaintainedthattheopinionwaswrong.
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Onlythreestrategiesareavailablefor controllingcancerpreventionscreeningandtreatment.Lungcancercausesmore deathsthananyothertypeofcancer.Amajorcauseofthediseaseis{{U}} ?51?{{/U}}known;thereisnogoodevidencethatscreeningisofmuch help;andtreatmentfailsinabout90percentofallcases.Atpresent thereforethemainstrategymustbe{{U}}?52?{{/U}}.Thismaynot alwaysbetrueofcourseasforsomeothertypesOfcancerresearch{{U}} ?53?{{/U}}thepastfewdecadeshasproducedorsuggestedsome importantprogressinpreventionscreeningortreatment.{{U}}?54 ?{{/U}}howeverweconsidernotwhatresearchmayonedayofferbutwhat today’sknowledgecouldalreadydeliverthatisnotbeingdeliveredthenthe mostpracticableandcost-effectiveopportunitiesforavoidingprematuredeath fromcancerespeciallylungcancerprobablyinvolveneitherscreeningnor improved{{U}}?55?{{/U}}butprevention.??This conclusiondoesnotdependontheunrealisticassumptionthatwecan{{U}} ?56?{{/U}}tobacco.Itmerelyassumesthatwecanreducecigarette salesappreciablybyraisingpricesorby{{U}}?57?{{/U}}thetypeof educationthatalreadyappearstohavehada{{U}}?58?{{/U}}effecton cigaretteconsumptionbywhite-collarworkersandthatwecansubstantially reducetheamountoftardeliveredpercigarette.Thepracticabilityof preventingcancerbysuchmeasuresappliesnotonlyinthosecountries{{U}} ?59?{{/U}}theUSwherebecausecigarettesmokinghasbeencommon fordecades25～30percentofallcancerdeathsnowinvolvelungcancerbut alsointhosewhereithasbecome{{U}}?60?{{/U}}onlyrecently.In Chinaforexamplelungcancer{{U}}?61?{{/U}}accountsforonlyabout 510percentofallcancerdeaths.Thisisbecauseitmaytakeasmuchashalfa century{{U}}?62?{{/U}}theriseinsmokingtoincreasetheincidenceof lungcancer.Countrieswherecigarettesmokingisonlynowbecomingwidespread canexpectenormousincreasesinlungcancerduringthe1990sorearlyinthe nextcentury{{U}}?63?{{/U}}prompteffectiveactionistakenagainst thehabit--indeed.suchincreasesarealreadyplainlyevidentinpartsof{{U}} ?64?{{/U}}.??Therearefourreasonswhytheprevention oflungcancerisofsuchoverwhelmingimportance:firstthediseaseis extremelycommoncausingmoredeathsthananyothertypeofcancernowdoes; secondlyitisgenerallyincurable;thirdlyeffectivepracticablemeasuresto reduceitsincidencearealreadyreliablyknown;andfinally{{U}}?65 ?{{/U}}tobaccoconsumptionwillalsohaveasubstantialimpactonmanyother diseases.
Cancer ThepopularTVvariety-showhostwasgrimbutcalm.Hefacedthecamerasandsaidbluntly:Ihavecancer. MasatakaItsumi’’sdisclosuremaybethelatestsignthattheshameassociatedwithcancerisfinallybreakingdowninacountrywhereunliketheUnitedSatesthetopichastraditionallybeentaboo. Canceristhecountry’’sNo.1killerchainingmorethan230000livesayear.Despitethenumberofpeopleaffectedthesubjecthaslongbeenconcealedinsecrecyandsilence. AsaruleJapanesearereluctanttotellanyoneotherthanfamilyiftheyhavecancer.Anddoctorsoftenlietopatientsaboutacancerdiagnosisfearingtheywouldbedepressedandweakenedbythetruth.Pollsindicatethatmostpeoplewouldprefertobetoldiftheyhavecancer.Buthealthauthoritieshaveestimatedasfewasoneinfivecancerpatientsisgivenatruthfuldiagnosis.Thepatientisveryafraidtohearofhavingcancersomanydoctorsjustdon’ttellsaidonedoctor.Butifwedon’ttellthetruthit’’sbadfortherelationshipbetweendoctorandpatient.SoIthinkthisisbeginningtochange.HesaidhebelievedtheintensepublicinterestintheItsumicasereflectedpent-upcuriosityandconcernaboutthesubject. Thereareothersignsofgreateropennessinconfrontingcancer.Supportgroupsforcancervictimsonceunknownhavesprungup.Theplotofarecentfilmrevolvedaroundamanwithcancer.Anunusuallypowerfultelevisionadvertisementappealingforbone-marrowdonationsfeaturesayoungwomanwhohassincediedofleukemia. Butsecrecyaboutcancerisstillcommon.InJapanseriousillnessisconsideredembarrassing.Peopleworryaboutcausingsufferingandexpensefortheirfamiliesordiscomfortingtheircolleagues.Itsumiinfactbeganhisnewsconferencebyapologizing. Otherfactorscontributetothetabooontalkaboutcancer.Thereisaculturaltendencytowardrestraintondiscussingpersonalmattersandstoicisminfacingproblems.Evenifpatientssensesomethingisverywrongdespiteagooddiagnosismostdonotpresstheirdoctorsorseekasecondopinion.Doctorsaregranteddeeprespectinasocietythatdiscouragesquestioningauthority. Thepassageimpliesthat______.
Thejudgesuspectedthetruthoftheevidenceprovidedbythewitness.
ProblemsthatManufacturersFace Manufacturerswhowishtoexporttheirgoodstoothercountries【51】manypracticalproblems. Firstlythereisthequestionofevaluatingthemarketand【52】wheretheproduct【53】well.This【54】examiningrivalproductstosee【55】thesealreadyfillthedemandornotandconsideringiftheproposedsellingpricewillbecompetitive.【56】istofindsomeoneinthechosenmarket【57】willbuytheproduct.Thebuyercouldbeawholesalerwhowill【58】selltheproducttoshopsandstoresorsomeonewitharetailoutletof【59】own.Finallythere’’s【60】wholequestionofarrangingthedetailsofthedealsuchasfinancetransportationstorage.【61】amanufacturerknowstheexportmarketverywellindeedthebestanswertoalltheseproblemsisundoubtedlytofindagoodagentwhocanmakethewholeprojectviable.Anagentwillprovideinformationintroductionsandcontactsandinreturnheorshewillgetan【62】percentageformthemanufacturer. WhenPaulOsmantheSalesManagerofJayalMotorswhich【63】mopedsvisitedacityinanattempttobreakintoanewmarketfindinganagentwashisfirstjob.HewasfortunatetobeintroducedtoAdamFortesqueawellestablishedagentwhois【64】impressedbytheJayalmopedstoputhisassistantEveSorrellontothejobofhelpingPaulinhisproposedexpansionintotheexportmarket. 【65】thisattemptbringsitsownproblemsandPaulhasrealizedthatJayalMotorswillhavetoadaptquicklyifitistobecomeanexpandinginternationalcompany.
ProblemsthatManufacturersFace Manufacturerswhowishtoexporttheirgoodstoothercountries【51】manypracticalproblems. Firstlythereisthequestionofevaluatingthemarketand【52】wheretheproduct【53】well.This【54】examiningrivalproductstosee【55】thesealreadyfillthedemandornotandconsideringiftheproposedsellingpricewillbecompetitive.【56】istofindsomeoneinthechosenmarket【57】willbuytheproduct.Thebuyercouldbeawholesalerwhowill【58】selltheproducttoshopsandstoresorsomeonewitharetailoutletof【59】own.Finallythere’’s【60】wholequestionofarrangingthedetailsofthedealsuchasfinancetransportationstorage.【61】amanufacturerknowstheexportmarketverywellindeedthebestanswertoalltheseproblemsisundoubtedlytofindagoodagentwhocanmakethewholeprojectviable.Anagentwillprovideinformationintroductionsandcontactsandinreturnheorshewillgetan【62】percentageformthemanufacturer. WhenPaulOsmantheSalesManagerofJayalMotorswhich【63】mopedsvisitedacityinanattempttobreakintoanewmarketfindinganagentwashisfirstjob.HewasfortunatetobeintroducedtoAdamFortesqueawellestablishedagentwhois【64】impressedbytheJayalmopedstoputhisassistantEveSorrellontothejobofhelpingPaulinhisproposedexpansionintotheexportmarket. 【65】thisattemptbringsitsownproblemsandPaulhasrealizedthatJayalMotorswillhavetoadaptquicklyifitistobecomeanexpandinginternationalcompany.
Heclaimedproudlythathewasthebestswimmerinhisschool.
ProblemsthatManufacturersFace Manufacturerswhowishtoexporttheirgoodstoothercountries【51】manypracticalproblems. Firstlythereisthequestionofevaluatingthemarketand【52】wheretheproduct【53】well.This【54】examiningrivalproductstosee【55】thesealreadyfillthedemandornotandconsideringiftheproposedsellingpricewillbecompetitive.【56】istofindsomeoneinthechosenmarket【57】willbuytheproduct.Thebuyercouldbeawholesalerwhowill【58】selltheproducttoshopsandstoresorsomeonewitharetailoutletof【59】own.Finallythere’’s【60】wholequestionofarrangingthedetailsofthedealsuchasfinancetransportationstorage.【61】amanufacturerknowstheexportmarketverywellindeedthebestanswertoalltheseproblemsisundoubtedlytofindagoodagentwhocanmakethewholeprojectviable.Anagentwillprovideinformationintroductionsandcontactsandinreturnheorshewillgetan【62】percentageformthemanufacturer. WhenPaulOsmantheSalesManagerofJayalMotorswhich【63】mopedsvisitedacityinanattempttobreakintoanewmarketfindinganagentwashisfirstjob.HewasfortunatetobeintroducedtoAdamFortesqueawellestablishedagentwhois【64】impressedbytheJayalmopedstoputhisassistantEveSorrellontothejobofhelpingPaulinhisproposedexpansionintotheexportmarket. 【65】thisattemptbringsitsownproblemsandPaulhasrealizedthatJayalMotorswillhavetoadaptquicklyifitistobecomeanexpandinginternationalcompany.
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Onlythreestrategiesareavailablefor controllingcancerpreventionscreeningandtreatment.Lungcancercausesmore deathsthananyothertypeofcancer.Amajorcauseofthediseaseis{{U}} ?51?{{/U}}known;thereisnogoodevidencethatscreeningisofmuch help;andtreatmentfailsinabout90percentofallcases.Atpresent thereforethemainstrategymustbe{{U}}?52?{{/U}}.Thismaynot alwaysbetrueofcourseasforsomeothertypesOfcancerresearch{{U}} ?53?{{/U}}thepastfewdecadeshasproducedorsuggestedsome importantprogressinpreventionscreeningortreatment.{{U}}?54 ?{{/U}}howeverweconsidernotwhatresearchmayonedayofferbutwhat today’sknowledgecouldalreadydeliverthatisnotbeingdeliveredthenthe mostpracticableandcost-effectiveopportunitiesforavoidingprematuredeath fromcancerespeciallylungcancerprobablyinvolveneitherscreeningnor improved{{U}}?55?{{/U}}butprevention.??This conclusiondoesnotdependontheunrealisticassumptionthatwecan{{U}} ?56?{{/U}}tobacco.Itmerelyassumesthatwecanreducecigarette salesappreciablybyraisingpricesorby{{U}}?57?{{/U}}thetypeof educationthatalreadyappearstohavehada{{U}}?58?{{/U}}effecton cigaretteconsumptionbywhite-collarworkersandthatwecansubstantially reducetheamountoftardeliveredpercigarette.Thepracticabilityof preventingcancerbysuchmeasuresappliesnotonlyinthosecountries{{U}} ?59?{{/U}}theUSwherebecausecigarettesmokinghasbeencommon fordecades25～30percentofallcancerdeathsnowinvolvelungcancerbut alsointhosewhereithasbecome{{U}}?60?{{/U}}onlyrecently.In Chinaforexamplelungcancer{{U}}?61?{{/U}}accountsforonlyabout 510percentofallcancerdeaths.Thisisbecauseitmaytakeasmuchashalfa century{{U}}?62?{{/U}}theriseinsmokingtoincreasetheincidenceof lungcancer.Countrieswherecigarettesmokingisonlynowbecomingwidespread canexpectenormousincreasesinlungcancerduringthe1990sorearlyinthe nextcentury{{U}}?63?{{/U}}prompteffectiveactionistakenagainst thehabit--indeed.suchincreasesarealreadyplainlyevidentinpartsof{{U}} ?64?{{/U}}.??Therearefourreasonswhytheprevention oflungcancerisofsuchoverwhelmingimportance:firstthediseaseis extremelycommoncausingmoredeathsthananyothertypeofcancernowdoes; secondlyitisgenerallyincurable;thirdlyeffectivepracticablemeasuresto reduceitsincidencearealreadyreliablyknown;andfinally{{U}}?65 ?{{/U}}tobaccoconsumptionwillalsohaveasubstantialimpactonmanyother diseases.
Vending Vendingissuchanup-to-dateconceptinprovidingproductswhereandwhencustomerswantthemthatitishardtobelievethatitmadeitsfirstappearanceinEgyptianTemplesbackin215B.C. Vendinghasbenefitedfromthatlonghistoryandisnowpoisedtomeettheneedsofthe21stcenturyconsumer. Currentdaypressuresmeanthatwearealltime-starvedandthereadyavailabilityofadrinkandasnackattherighttemperaturejustwherewewant.Itistheconvenientluxurythathelpstokeepstressatbayandprovidesafewmoreminutesatthedeskorinthegym. Atworkthoseextraminutesspentmakingteaorcoffeebyhandreallyaddup.ResearchconductedbytheNOPNationalOpinionPollfortheAssociationshowedthattheaveragetimespentonthisbyemployeesoverandaboveformallunchandteabreaksis45minutesperday.Thatequatestoafirmemploying50peoplelosingupto37maneverydayarealholeinproductivity! It’’snotjustintheworkplacethoughthatthebenefitsofvendingcanbeenjoyed.Moreandmoremajorhouseholdbrandsareseeingvendingasanidealroutetothecustomerfortheirproductsbecausethevendingmachinecanbetrustedtobereadytoservewheneverthereisademand.Machinesarenowfamiliarsightsatairportsgarageforecourtsleisuresitesrailwaystationsandanywhereelsethatpeoplegatherallowingconsumerstoputtogetheraninstantpicnic. It’’snosurprisethereforethatconsumersarecurrentlyspendingattherateofsome￡1billionperyearthroughtheslotsofvendingmachinesnowthat10milliondrinksarevendedintocupseveryday. Vendingbegan______.
Vending Vendingissuchanup-to-dateconceptinprovidingproductswhereandwhencustomerswantthemthatitishardtobelievethatitmadeitsfirstappearanceinEgyptianTemplesbackin215B.C. Vendinghasbenefitedfromthatlonghistoryandisnowpoisedtomeettheneedsofthe21stcenturyconsumer. Currentdaypressuresmeanthatwearealltime-starvedandthereadyavailabilityofadrinkandasnackattherighttemperaturejustwherewewant.Itistheconvenientluxurythathelpstokeepstressatbayandprovidesafewmoreminutesatthedeskorinthegym. Atworkthoseextraminutesspentmakingteaorcoffeebyhandreallyaddup.ResearchconductedbytheNOPNationalOpinionPollfortheAssociationshowedthattheaveragetimespentonthisbyemployeesoverandaboveformallunchandteabreaksis45minutesperday.Thatequatestoafirmemploying50peoplelosingupto37maneverydayarealholeinproductivity! It’’snotjustintheworkplacethoughthatthebenefitsofvendingcanbeenjoyed.Moreandmoremajorhouseholdbrandsareseeingvendingasanidealroutetothecustomerfortheirproductsbecausethevendingmachinecanbetrustedtobereadytoservewheneverthereisademand.Machinesarenowfamiliarsightsatairportsgarageforecourtsleisuresitesrailwaystationsandanywhereelsethatpeoplegatherallowingconsumerstoputtogetheraninstantpicnic. It’’snosurprisethereforethatconsumersarecurrentlyspendingattherateofsome￡1billionperyearthroughtheslotsofvendingmachinesnowthat10milliondrinksarevendedintocupseveryday. AccordingtotheresearchconductedbyNOP______.
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