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We must study English well, no matter ______ difficult it is.
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WearealllearningEnglishbuthowcanwelearnEnglishwell
EveryoneknowsEnglishisoneofthemostimportantsubject
阅读理解WearelearningEnglishbuthowcanwelearnEnglishwel
It’sdifficult_________Englishwell.WemustworkharD.
learn
learns
study
to learn
EveryoneknowsEnglishisoneofthemostimportantsubject
WearelearningEnglishbuthowcanwelearnEnglishwell?A.
—We’lldowhatwecan____Englishwellthisterm.—It’stime
study
to study
be studied
be studying
Doyouthinkitisdifficult_________?
study English well
studies English well
studying English well
to study English well
WefoundimportanttostudyEnglishwell.
which
that
it
this
Wehopethey_________Englishwell.
to study
will study
studying
don’t study
—We’lldowhatwecan______Englishwellthisterm.—It’shi
study
to study
be studied
be studying
Theteachersuggested_____thatweshouldmakethemostoft
us
to us
we
for us
SwimmingandEnglishLearningCanyouswim?Doyoulikeswim
—Linda___weattendthelectureaboutoralEnglish?—Whyno
may
should
must
shall
Englishisoneoftheimportantsubjects.Andtherearemany
阅读理解WearelearningEnglishbuthowcanwelearnEnglishwel
WearelearningEnglishbuthowcanwelearnEnglishwell?A.
WearelearningEnglishbuthowcanwelearnEnglishwell?A.
--We’lldowhatwecan________Englishwellthisterm.--It
study
to study
studied
studying
Onlybyfollowingthismethod.
we can study English well
can we be able to study English well
can we study English well
study English well can we
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Peopleoftenshowtheir36bythebodypositionsthey37.Thesecancontradict38youaresayingespeciallywhenyouaretryingto39thewayyoufeel.Forexampleaverycommon40positionassumedwhenpeoplefeel41insomewayistoputyourarmorarmsacrossyourbody. Thisisawayofshieldingyourself42athreateningsituation.Thisshieldingactioncanbedisguisedasadjustingone’scufforwatchstrap.Leaning43inyourchairespeciallywithyourarms44isnotonlydefensiveit’s45awayofshowingyourdisapprovalofaneedtodistanceyourselffromthe46ofthecompany. Apositionwhichbetraysanaggressiveattitudeistoavoid47directlyatthepersonyouarespeakingto.Ontheother48approvaland49tocooperateareshownbycopyingthepositionofthepersonyouarespeaking50.Thisshowsthatyouagreeorare51toagreewithsomeone.Thepositionofone’sfeetalsooftenshowsthedirectionofpeople’sthoughtsforexamplefeetorafoot52towardsthe53canindicatethatapersonwishestoleavetheroom.Thedirectioninwhichyourfootpointscanalsoshow54ofthepeopleintheroomyoufeelmost55towardsevenwhenyouarenotspeakingdirectlytothatperson. 55
Shewantstoknowwhetherthemeasureshavebeenagreed______.
PassageFour Theworldisknowntousthroughmanysensesnotjusthearingsmellvisionandatcloserangetouchandtaste. Ourskinsletusknowwhethertheairismoistordrywhethersurfacesarewetwithoutbeingstickyorslippery.FromtheuniformityofslightpressurewecanbeawarehowdeeplyafingeristhrustintowateratbodytemperatureeveniftheAngerisenclosedinarubberglovethatkeepstheskincompletelydry.Manyotheranimalswithhighlysensitiveskinsappeartobeabletolearnstillmoreabouttheirenvironment.Oftentheydosowithoutemployinganyofthefivesenses. Byobservingthecapabilitiesofothermembersoftheanimalkingdomwecometorealizethatahumanbeinghasfarmorepossibilitiesthanareutilized.Weneglecteversomanyofoursensesinconcentratingonthefivemajorones.Atthesametimeacomparisonbetweenanimalsandmandrawsattentiontothelimitationofeachsense.Thepartofthespectrum光谱seenbycolour-consciousmanasredisnon-existentforhoney-bees.Butabeecanseefarmoreinflowersthanwebecausetheultra-violet紫外线towhichoureyesareblindisastimulating刺激的partoftheinsect’sspectrumandforhoney-beesatleastconstitutesaseparatecolour. Fromthepassagewerealizethat
Areyouwellacquainted______David
你应该意识到他的方法并不适合你
PassageFour Theworldisknowntousthroughmanysensesnotjusthearingsmellvisionandatcloserangetouchandtaste. Ourskinsletusknowwhethertheairismoistordrywhethersurfacesarewetwithoutbeingstickyorslippery.FromtheuniformityofslightpressurewecanbeawarehowdeeplyafingeristhrustintowateratbodytemperatureeveniftheAngerisenclosedinarubberglovethatkeepstheskincompletelydry.Manyotheranimalswithhighlysensitiveskinsappeartobeabletolearnstillmoreabouttheirenvironment.Oftentheydosowithoutemployinganyofthefivesenses. Byobservingthecapabilitiesofothermembersoftheanimalkingdomwecometorealizethatahumanbeinghasfarmorepossibilitiesthanareutilized.Weneglecteversomanyofoursensesinconcentratingonthefivemajorones.Atthesametimeacomparisonbetweenanimalsandmandrawsattentiontothelimitationofeachsense.Thepartofthespectrum光谱seenbycolour-consciousmanasredisnon-existentforhoney-bees.Butabeecanseefarmoreinflowersthanwebecausetheultra-violet紫外线towhichoureyesareblindisastimulating刺激的partoftheinsect’sspectrumandforhoney-beesatleastconstitutesaseparatecolour. Wecanrealizehowdeeplyafingerisputintowateratbodytemperature
PassageFour Theworldisknowntousthroughmanysensesnotjusthearingsmellvisionandatcloserangetouchandtaste. Ourskinsletusknowwhethertheairismoistordrywhethersurfacesarewetwithoutbeingstickyorslippery.FromtheuniformityofslightpressurewecanbeawarehowdeeplyafingeristhrustintowateratbodytemperatureeveniftheAngerisenclosedinarubberglovethatkeepstheskincompletelydry.Manyotheranimalswithhighlysensitiveskinsappeartobeabletolearnstillmoreabouttheirenvironment.Oftentheydosowithoutemployinganyofthefivesenses. Byobservingthecapabilitiesofothermembersoftheanimalkingdomwecometorealizethatahumanbeinghasfarmorepossibilitiesthanareutilized.Weneglecteversomanyofoursensesinconcentratingonthefivemajorones.Atthesametimeacomparisonbetweenanimalsandmandrawsattentiontothelimitationofeachsense.Thepartofthespectrum光谱seenbycolour-consciousmanasredisnon-existentforhoney-bees.Butabeecanseefarmoreinflowersthanwebecausetheultra-violet紫外线towhichoureyesareblindisastimulating刺激的partoftheinsect’sspectrumandforhoney-beesatleastconstitutesaseparatecolour. ThephrasesensitiveskinsLine6Para.2mostprobablymeans
随着人们对更方便的电话通讯的需求不断增长移动电话应运而生
PassageTwo Themodernageisanageofelectricity.Peoplearesousedtoelectriclightsradiostelevisionsandtelephonesthatitishardtoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutthem.Whenthereisapowerfailurepeoplegropeaboutinfickeringcandlelightcarshesitateinthestreetsbecausetherearenotrafficlightstoguidethemandfoodspoilsinsilentrefrigerators. Yetpeoplebegantounderstandhowelectricityworksonlyalittlemorethantwocenturiesago.Naturehasapparentlybeenexperimentinginthisfieldformillionsofyears.Scientistsarediscoveringmoreandmorethatthelivingworldmayholdmanyinterestingsecretsofelectricitythatcouldbenefithumanity. Alllivingcellssentouttinypulsesofelectricity.Astheheartbeatsitsendsoffpulsesofelectricitythatcanbemeasuredandrecordedatthesurfaceofthebody.Whenthepulsesarerecordedtheyformanelectrocardiogramwhichadoctorcanstudytodeterminehowwelltheheartisworking.Thebraintoosendsoutbrainwavesofelectricitywhichcanberecordedinanelectroencephalogram.Theelectriccurrentsgeneratedbymostlivingcellsareextremelysmall--oftensosmallthatsensitiveinstrumentsareneededtorecordthem.Butinsomeanimalscertainmusclecellshavebecomesospecializedaselectricalgeneratorsthattheydonotworkasmusclecellsatall.Whenlargenumbersofthesecellsarelinkedtogethertheeffectcanbeastonishing. Theelectriceelisanamazinglivingstoragebattery.Itcansendajoltofasmuchaseighthundredvoltsofelectricitythroughthewaterinwhichitlives.Anelectrichousecurrentisonlyonehundredtwentyvolts.Asmanyasfour-fifthsofallthecellsintheelectriceel’sbodyarespecializedforgeneratingelectricityandthestrengthoftheshockitcandelivercorrespondsroughlytothelengthofitsbody. Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthelongeraneelisthe
Thebuyerinsiststhatthemanufacturershouldgivea5%pricereductiontobringthebusinesstoaclose.
Peopleoftenshowtheir36bythebodypositionsthey37.Thesecancontradict38youaresayingespeciallywhenyouaretryingto39thewayyoufeel.Forexampleaverycommon40positionassumedwhenpeoplefeel41insomewayistoputyourarmorarmsacrossyourbody. Thisisawayofshieldingyourself42athreateningsituation.Thisshieldingactioncanbedisguisedasadjustingone’scufforwatchstrap.Leaning43inyourchairespeciallywithyourarms44isnotonlydefensiveit’s45awayofshowingyourdisapprovalofaneedtodistanceyourselffromthe46ofthecompany. Apositionwhichbetraysanaggressiveattitudeistoavoid47directlyatthepersonyouarespeakingto.Ontheother48approvaland49tocooperateareshownbycopyingthepositionofthepersonyouarespeaking50.Thisshowsthatyouagreeorare51toagreewithsomeone.Thepositionofone’sfeetalsooftenshowsthedirectionofpeople’sthoughtsforexamplefeetorafoot52towardsthe53canindicatethatapersonwishestoleavetheroom.Thedirectioninwhichyourfootpointscanalsoshow54ofthepeopleintheroomyoufeelmost55towardsevenwhenyouarenotspeakingdirectlytothatperson. 51
Peopleoftenshowtheir36bythebodypositionsthey37.Thesecancontradict38youaresayingespeciallywhenyouaretryingto39thewayyoufeel.Forexampleaverycommon40positionassumedwhenpeoplefeel41insomewayistoputyourarmorarmsacrossyourbody. Thisisawayofshieldingyourself42athreateningsituation.Thisshieldingactioncanbedisguisedasadjustingone’scufforwatchstrap.Leaning43inyourchairespeciallywithyourarms44isnotonlydefensiveit’s45awayofshowingyourdisapprovalofaneedtodistanceyourselffromthe46ofthecompany. Apositionwhichbetraysanaggressiveattitudeistoavoid47directlyatthepersonyouarespeakingto.Ontheother48approvaland49tocooperateareshownbycopyingthepositionofthepersonyouarespeaking50.Thisshowsthatyouagreeorare51toagreewithsomeone.Thepositionofone’sfeetalsooftenshowsthedirectionofpeople’sthoughtsforexamplefeetorafoot52towardsthe53canindicatethatapersonwishestoleavetheroom.Thedirectioninwhichyourfootpointscanalsoshow54ofthepeopleintheroomyoufeelmost55towardsevenwhenyouarenotspeakingdirectlytothatperson. 53
PassageOne Ithasbeenshownthatchildrenwhosmokehavecertaincharacteristics.Comparedwithnon-smokerstheyaremorerebellioustheirworkdeterioratesastheymoveupschooltheyaremorelikelytoleaveschoolearlyandaremoreoftendelinquentandsexuallyprecious.Manyofthesefeaturescanbesummarizedasanticipationofadulthood. Thereareanumberoffactorswhichdeterminetheonsetofsmokingandthesearelargelypsychologicalandsocial.Theyincludeavailabilityofcigarettescuriosityrebelliousnessappearingthoughtanticipationofadulthoodsocialconfidencetheexampleofparentsandteachersandsmokingbyfriendsandolderbrothersandsisters. Itshouldbemucheasiertopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokethantopersuadeadultstogiveupthehabitonceestablishedbutinfactthishasprovedverydifficult.Theexamplesetbypeopleinauthorityespeciallyparentshealthcareworkersandteachersisofprimeimportance.Schoolrolesshouldforbidsmokingbychildrenonthepremises.ThisrolehasbeenintroducedatSummerhillSchoolwhereIspentmyschooldays. Thereishoweverariskofchildrensmokingjusttorebelagainsttherulesandeveninthoseschoolswhichhavetriedtoenforcenosmokingbycorporalpunishmentthereisasmuchsmokingasinotherschools.Neverthelessbanningsmokingisprobablyonbalancebeneficial.Teacherstooshouldnotsmokeonschoolpremisesatleastnotinfrontofchildren. WhichofthefollowingisNOTtreeaccordingtothepassage
Peopleoftenshowtheir36bythebodypositionsthey37.Thesecancontradict38youaresayingespeciallywhenyouaretryingto39thewayyoufeel.Forexampleaverycommon40positionassumedwhenpeoplefeel41insomewayistoputyourarmorarmsacrossyourbody. Thisisawayofshieldingyourself42athreateningsituation.Thisshieldingactioncanbedisguisedasadjustingone’scufforwatchstrap.Leaning43inyourchairespeciallywithyourarms44isnotonlydefensiveit’s45awayofshowingyourdisapprovalofaneedtodistanceyourselffromthe46ofthecompany. Apositionwhichbetraysanaggressiveattitudeistoavoid47directlyatthepersonyouarespeakingto.Ontheother48approvaland49tocooperateareshownbycopyingthepositionofthepersonyouarespeaking50.Thisshowsthatyouagreeorare51toagreewithsomeone.Thepositionofone’sfeetalsooftenshowsthedirectionofpeople’sthoughtsforexamplefeetorafoot52towardsthe53canindicatethatapersonwishestoleavetheroom.Thedirectioninwhichyourfootpointscanalsoshow54ofthepeopleintheroomyoufeelmost55towardsevenwhenyouarenotspeakingdirectlytothatperson. 45
PassageTwo Themodernageisanageofelectricity.Peoplearesousedtoelectriclightsradiostelevisionsandtelephonesthatitishardtoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutthem.Whenthereisapowerfailurepeoplegropeaboutinfickeringcandlelightcarshesitateinthestreetsbecausetherearenotrafficlightstoguidethemandfoodspoilsinsilentrefrigerators. Yetpeoplebegantounderstandhowelectricityworksonlyalittlemorethantwocenturiesago.Naturehasapparentlybeenexperimentinginthisfieldformillionsofyears.Scientistsarediscoveringmoreandmorethatthelivingworldmayholdmanyinterestingsecretsofelectricitythatcouldbenefithumanity. Alllivingcellssentouttinypulsesofelectricity.Astheheartbeatsitsendsoffpulsesofelectricitythatcanbemeasuredandrecordedatthesurfaceofthebody.Whenthepulsesarerecordedtheyformanelectrocardiogramwhichadoctorcanstudytodeterminehowwelltheheartisworking.Thebraintoosendsoutbrainwavesofelectricitywhichcanberecordedinanelectroencephalogram.Theelectriccurrentsgeneratedbymostlivingcellsareextremelysmall--oftensosmallthatsensitiveinstrumentsareneededtorecordthem.Butinsomeanimalscertainmusclecellshavebecomesospecializedaselectricalgeneratorsthattheydonotworkasmusclecellsatall.Whenlargenumbersofthesecellsarelinkedtogethertheeffectcanbeastonishing. Theelectriceelisanamazinglivingstoragebattery.Itcansendajoltofasmuchaseighthundredvoltsofelectricitythroughthewaterinwhichitlives.Anelectrichousecurrentisonlyonehundredtwentyvolts.Asmanyasfour-fifthsofallthecellsintheelectriceel’sbodyarespecializedforgeneratingelectricityandthestrengthoftheshockitcandelivercorrespondsroughlytothelengthofitsbody. Whatisthemainideaofthepassage
PassageTwo Themodernageisanageofelectricity.Peoplearesousedtoelectriclightsradiostelevisionsandtelephonesthatitishardtoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutthem.Whenthereisapowerfailurepeoplegropeaboutinfickeringcandlelightcarshesitateinthestreetsbecausetherearenotrafficlightstoguidethemandfoodspoilsinsilentrefrigerators. Yetpeoplebegantounderstandhowelectricityworksonlyalittlemorethantwocenturiesago.Naturehasapparentlybeenexperimentinginthisfieldformillionsofyears.Scientistsarediscoveringmoreandmorethatthelivingworldmayholdmanyinterestingsecretsofelectricitythatcouldbenefithumanity. Alllivingcellssentouttinypulsesofelectricity.Astheheartbeatsitsendsoffpulsesofelectricitythatcanbemeasuredandrecordedatthesurfaceofthebody.Whenthepulsesarerecordedtheyformanelectrocardiogramwhichadoctorcanstudytodeterminehowwelltheheartisworking.Thebraintoosendsoutbrainwavesofelectricitywhichcanberecordedinanelectroencephalogram.Theelectriccurrentsgeneratedbymostlivingcellsareextremelysmall--oftensosmallthatsensitiveinstrumentsareneededtorecordthem.Butinsomeanimalscertainmusclecellshavebecomesospecializedaselectricalgeneratorsthattheydonotworkasmusclecellsatall.Whenlargenumbersofthesecellsarelinkedtogethertheeffectcanbeastonishing. Theelectriceelisanamazinglivingstoragebattery.Itcansendajoltofasmuchaseighthundredvoltsofelectricitythroughthewaterinwhichitlives.Anelectrichousecurrentisonlyonehundredtwentyvolts.Asmanyasfour-fifthsofallthecellsintheelectriceel’sbodyarespecializedforgeneratingelectricityandthestrengthoftheshockitcandelivercorrespondsroughlytothelengthofitsbody. Howmanyvoltsofelectricitycananelectriceelemit
AfterhefinishedhisdutiesonthefarmJohnoftenoccupieshimselfbyfishing.
Peopleoftenshowtheir36bythebodypositionsthey37.Thesecancontradict38youaresayingespeciallywhenyouaretryingto39thewayyoufeel.Forexampleaverycommon40positionassumedwhenpeoplefeel41insomewayistoputyourarmorarmsacrossyourbody. Thisisawayofshieldingyourself42athreateningsituation.Thisshieldingactioncanbedisguisedasadjustingone’scufforwatchstrap.Leaning43inyourchairespeciallywithyourarms44isnotonlydefensiveit’s45awayofshowingyourdisapprovalofaneedtodistanceyourselffromthe46ofthecompany. Apositionwhichbetraysanaggressiveattitudeistoavoid47directlyatthepersonyouarespeakingto.Ontheother48approvaland49tocooperateareshownbycopyingthepositionofthepersonyouarespeaking50.Thisshowsthatyouagreeorare51toagreewithsomeone.Thepositionofone’sfeetalsooftenshowsthedirectionofpeople’sthoughtsforexamplefeetorafoot52towardsthe53canindicatethatapersonwishestoleavetheroom.Thedirectioninwhichyourfootpointscanalsoshow54ofthepeopleintheroomyoufeelmost55towardsevenwhenyouarenotspeakingdirectlytothatperson. 47
Shedoesn'tknow______sheshouldgowithhim.
Itisurgentthatanewpresident______fortheuniversity.
Peopleoftenshowtheir36bythebodypositionsthey37.Thesecancontradict38youaresayingespeciallywhenyouaretryingto39thewayyoufeel.Forexampleaverycommon40positionassumedwhenpeoplefeel41insomewayistoputyourarmorarmsacrossyourbody. Thisisawayofshieldingyourself42athreateningsituation.Thisshieldingactioncanbedisguisedasadjustingone’scufforwatchstrap.Leaning43inyourchairespeciallywithyourarms44isnotonlydefensiveit’s45awayofshowingyourdisapprovalofaneedtodistanceyourselffromthe46ofthecompany. Apositionwhichbetraysanaggressiveattitudeistoavoid47directlyatthepersonyouarespeakingto.Ontheother48approvaland49tocooperateareshownbycopyingthepositionofthepersonyouarespeaking50.Thisshowsthatyouagreeorare51toagreewithsomeone.Thepositionofone’sfeetalsooftenshowsthedirectionofpeople’sthoughtsforexamplefeetorafoot52towardsthe53canindicatethatapersonwishestoleavetheroom.Thedirectioninwhichyourfootpointscanalsoshow54ofthepeopleintheroomyoufeelmost55towardsevenwhenyouarenotspeakingdirectlytothatperson. 49
Weshouldmodifytheplan______thelightofactualconditions.
It'struethatpeoplefromeveryculturehavesome______basicneedsbutexpressthemindifferentways.
Peopleoftenshowtheir36bythebodypositionsthey37.Thesecancontradict38youaresayingespeciallywhenyouaretryingto39thewayyoufeel.Forexampleaverycommon40positionassumedwhenpeoplefeel41insomewayistoputyourarmorarmsacrossyourbody. Thisisawayofshieldingyourself42athreateningsituation.Thisshieldingactioncanbedisguisedasadjustingone’scufforwatchstrap.Leaning43inyourchairespeciallywithyourarms44isnotonlydefensiveit’s45awayofshowingyourdisapprovalofaneedtodistanceyourselffromthe46ofthecompany. Apositionwhichbetraysanaggressiveattitudeistoavoid47directlyatthepersonyouarespeakingto.Ontheother48approvaland49tocooperateareshownbycopyingthepositionofthepersonyouarespeaking50.Thisshowsthatyouagreeorare51toagreewithsomeone.Thepositionofone’sfeetalsooftenshowsthedirectionofpeople’sthoughtsforexamplefeetorafoot52towardsthe53canindicatethatapersonwishestoleavetheroom.Thedirectioninwhichyourfootpointscanalsoshow54ofthepeopleintheroomyoufeelmost55towardsevenwhenyouarenotspeakingdirectlytothatperson. 43
Tobe______withyouIlikeyouandshouldbegladtogiveyouanyhelpIcan.
PassageThree Culturestendtofavoreitherapastorfutureorientationwithregardtotime.AfutureorientationencompassingapreferenceforchangeischaracteristicofAmericanculture.Thesocietyencouragespeopletolooktothefutureratherthantothepast.Technologicalsocialandartistictrendschangerapidlyandaffectpeople’slifestylesandtheirrelationships. GiventheinclinationtowardchangeitisnotsurprisingthattraditionplaysalimitedroleintheAmericanculture.Thosewhotrytoupholdtraditionalpatternoflivingorthoughtmaybeseenasrigidor"old-fashioned".Inasocietywherechangeissorapiditisnotuncommonforeverygenerationtoexperiencea"generationgap".Sometimesparentsstruggletounderstandthevaluesoftheirchildrenevenreligiousinstitutionshavehadtoadapttocontemporaryneedoftheirfollowers.FolksingersinchurchserviceswomenreligiousleadersslangversionsoftheBibleallreflectattemptsmadebytraditionalinstitutionsto"keepupwiththetimes". Highratesofchangeparticularlyinurbanareashavecontributedtoafocusonthefutureratherthanthepastorpresent.SomeAmericansbelievethatthebenefitsofthefutureorientationareachievementandprogresswhichenablethemtohaveahighstandardofliving.Othersbelievethathighbloodpressureandstomachulcersaretheresultsofsuchalifestyle. Asindividualsinacultureweallhaveanintuitiveunderstandingabouthowtimeisregulatedusuallywedonotthinkabouttheconceptoftimeuntilweinteractwithotherswhohaveadifferenttimeorientation.Althoughindividualsfromanynowculturesmayviewtimesimilarlyweoftensensethatinanotherculturelifeseemstoproceedateitheraslowerorfasterpace.Knowinghowtimeisregulateddividedandperceivedcanprovidevaluableinsightsintoindividualsandtheirculture. Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthispassage
Thechildren______manytimesnottogonearthereservoir.
PassageThree Culturestendtofavoreitherapastorfutureorientationwithregardtotime.AfutureorientationencompassingapreferenceforchangeischaracteristicofAmericanculture.Thesocietyencouragespeopletolooktothefutureratherthantothepast.Technologicalsocialandartistictrendschangerapidlyandaffectpeople’slifestylesandtheirrelationships. GiventheinclinationtowardchangeitisnotsurprisingthattraditionplaysalimitedroleintheAmericanculture.Thosewhotrytoupholdtraditionalpatternoflivingorthoughtmaybeseenasrigidor"old-fashioned".Inasocietywherechangeissorapiditisnotuncommonforeverygenerationtoexperiencea"generationgap".Sometimesparentsstruggletounderstandthevaluesoftheirchildrenevenreligiousinstitutionshavehadtoadapttocontemporaryneedoftheirfollowers.FolksingersinchurchserviceswomenreligiousleadersslangversionsoftheBibleallreflectattemptsmadebytraditionalinstitutionsto"keepupwiththetimes". Highratesofchangeparticularlyinurbanareashavecontributedtoafocusonthefutureratherthanthepastorpresent.SomeAmericansbelievethatthebenefitsofthefutureorientationareachievementandprogresswhichenablethemtohaveahighstandardofliving.Othersbelievethathighbloodpressureandstomachulcersaretheresultsofsuchalifestyle. Asindividualsinacultureweallhaveanintuitiveunderstandingabouthowtimeisregulatedusuallywedonotthinkabouttheconceptoftimeuntilweinteractwithotherswhohaveadifferenttimeorientation.Althoughindividualsfromanynowculturesmayviewtimesimilarlyweoftensensethatinanotherculturelifeseemstoproceedateitheraslowerorfasterpace.Knowinghowtimeisregulateddividedandperceivedcanprovidevaluableinsightsintoindividualsandtheirculture. TheAmericanorientationtowardthefuturemightbedemonstratedby
我们采取的任何措施都应符合规定
PassageOne Ithasbeenshownthatchildrenwhosmokehavecertaincharacteristics.Comparedwithnon-smokerstheyaremorerebellioustheirworkdeterioratesastheymoveupschooltheyaremorelikelytoleaveschoolearlyandaremoreoftendelinquentandsexuallyprecious.Manyofthesefeaturescanbesummarizedasanticipationofadulthood. Thereareanumberoffactorswhichdeterminetheonsetofsmokingandthesearelargelypsychologicalandsocial.Theyincludeavailabilityofcigarettescuriosityrebelliousnessappearingthoughtanticipationofadulthoodsocialconfidencetheexampleofparentsandteachersandsmokingbyfriendsandolderbrothersandsisters. Itshouldbemucheasiertopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokethantopersuadeadultstogiveupthehabitonceestablishedbutinfactthishasprovedverydifficult.Theexamplesetbypeopleinauthorityespeciallyparentshealthcareworkersandteachersisofprimeimportance.Schoolrolesshouldforbidsmokingbychildrenonthepremises.ThisrolehasbeenintroducedatSummerhillSchoolwhereIspentmyschooldays. Thereishoweverariskofchildrensmokingjusttorebelagainsttherulesandeveninthoseschoolswhichhavetriedtoenforcenosmokingbycorporalpunishmentthereisasmuchsmokingasinotherschools.Neverthelessbanningsmokingisprobablyonbalancebeneficial.Teacherstooshouldnotsmokeonschoolpremisesatleastnotinfrontofchildren. Thewriterconcludesthatschoolrulestoforbidsmoking
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