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False Fear of Big Fish Many people believe sharks are dangerous and will always try to hurt or even...
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理工类《填空集》真题及答案
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TheNorthernPikeisaverybadfish.Itisabighungryfis
It’s not healthy for the environment.
People only like to catch big fish.
There are too many small fish.
The smaller fish can get lost in the lake.
MynameisChenLan.MyhomeisinGulangyu.WhereisGulangyu
FalseFearofBigFishManypeoplebelievesharks鲨鱼aredang
EIfyouareafraidofthedarkit’snotabigdeal.It’sperfec
MynameisLily.MyhometownisinRizhao.DoyouknowRizhao?
Greatwhitesharks!Justhearingthatnamemakesmanypeopl
FalseFearofBigFish??Manypeoplebelievesharks鲨鱼areda
AmannamedDavidwentfishingonaholiday.Fishingwashisf
ScientistsinCanadasaybigfishhavealmostdisappearedf
Greatwhitesharks!Justhearingthatnamemakesmanypeopl
FalseFearofBigFishManypeoplebelievesharksaredanger
TheNorthernPikeisaverybadfish.Itisabighungryfishan
It’s not healthy for the environment.
People only like to catch big fish.
There are too many small fish.
The smaller fish can get lost in the lak
Greatwhitesharks!Justhearingthatnamemakesmanypeopl
What________!Wheredidyougetthem?
big fish
a big fish
a piece of big fish
big a fish
Ifyouareafraidofthedarkit’snotabigdeal.It’sperfect
FalseFearofBigFishManypeoplebelievesharks鲨鱼aredang
Ifyouareafraidofthedarkit’snotabigdeal.It’sperfect
Ifyouareafraidofthedarkit’snotabigdeal.It’sperfect
Ifyouareafraidofthedarkit'snotabigdeal.It'sperfect
Ihaven’tseen___beforE.It’stwelvemetersin____length
so a big fish; a ; a
such big a fish ; /;/
that big a fish ; /; /
rather big a fish ;the ;the
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ReadingReadinginvolveslookingatgraphicsymbolsandformulatingmentallythesoundsandideastheyrepresent.Conceptsofreadinghavechanged51overthecenturies.Duringthe1950’sand1960’sespeciallyincreasedattentionhasbeendevotedtodefininganddescribingthereadingprocess.52specialistsagreethatreading53acomplexorganizationofhighermental54theydisagreeabouttheexactnatureoftheprocess.Someexpertswhoregardlanguageprimarilyasacodeusingsymbolstorepresentsounds55readingassimplythedecodingofsymbolsintothesoundstheystand56.Theseauthorities57thatmeaningbeingconcernedwiththinkingmustbetaughtindependentlyofthedecodingprocess.Othersmaintainthatreadingisinexplicablyrelatedtothinkingandthatachildwhopronouncessoundswithout58theirmeaningisnottrulyreading.Thereader59someisnotjustapersonwithatheoreticalabilitytoreadbutonewho60reads.Manyadultsalthoughtheyhavetheabilitytoreadhaveneverreadabookinitsentirety.Butsomeexperttheywouldnotbe61asreaders.Clearlythephilosophyobjectivesmethodsandmaterialsofreadingwilldependonthedefinitiononeuse.Bythemost62andsatisfactorydefinitionreadingistheabilityto63thesound-symbolscodeofthelanguagetointerpretmeaningforvariouspurposesatvariousratesandatvariouslevelsofdifficultyandtodo64widelyandenthusiastically.65readingistheinterpretationofideasthroughtheuseofsymbolsrepresentingsoundsandideas.
IwrotetothatcompanyaweekagobutIdidn'treceiveanyreply.
TVGamesShowsOneofthemostfascinatingthingsabouttelevisionisthesizeoftheaudience.Anovelcanbeonthebestsellerslistwithasaleoffewerthan100000copiesbutapopularTVshowmighthave70millionTVviewers.TVcanmakeanythingoranyonewellknownovernight.ThisistheprinciplebehindquizorgameshowswhichputordinarypeopleonTVtoplayagamefortheprizeandmoney.Aquizshowcanmakeanyoneastaranditcangiveawaythousandsofdollarsjustforfun.Butallofthismoneycancreateproblems.Forinstanceinthe1950squizshowswereverypopularintheU.S.andalmosteveryonewatchedthem.CharlesVanDorenanEnglishinstructorbecamerichandfamousafterwinningmoneyonseveralshows.Heevenhadacareerasatelevisionpersonality.ButoneofthelosersprovedthatCharlesVanDorenwascheating.Itturnedoutthattheshow’sproducerswhowerepullingthestringsgavetheanswerstothemostpopularcontestantsbeforehand.WhyBecauseiftheaudiencedidn’tlikethepersonwhowonthegametheyturnedtheshowoff.BasedonhisstoryamovieunderthetitleQuizShowison40yearslater.CharlesVanDorenisnolongerinvolvedwithTV.Butgameshowsarestillherethoughtheyaren’ttakenasseriously.Infactsomeofthemtrytobeasridiculousaspossible.Thereareshowsthatsendstrangersonvacationtripstogetherorthattrytocausenewly-marriedcouplestofightonTVorthatpunishlosersbyhumiliatingthem.TheentertainmentnowistoseewhatpeoplewilldojusttobeonTV.Peoplestillwinmoneybuttherealprizeistobeinfrontofanaudienceofmillions.PrizesandmoneyareusuallyprovidedbyTVstarsandlargecompaniesforwinners.
ReadingReadinginvolveslookingatgraphicsymbolsandformulatingmentallythesoundsandideastheyrepresent.Conceptsofreadinghavechanged51overthecenturies.Duringthe1950’sand1960’sespeciallyincreasedattentionhasbeendevotedtodefininganddescribingthereadingprocess.52specialistsagreethatreading53acomplexorganizationofhighermental54theydisagreeabouttheexactnatureoftheprocess.Someexpertswhoregardlanguageprimarilyasacodeusingsymbolstorepresentsounds55readingassimplythedecodingofsymbolsintothesoundstheystand56.Theseauthorities57thatmeaningbeingconcernedwiththinkingmustbetaughtindependentlyofthedecodingprocess.Othersmaintainthatreadingisinexplicablyrelatedtothinkingandthatachildwhopronouncessoundswithout58theirmeaningisnottrulyreading.Thereader59someisnotjustapersonwithatheoreticalabilitytoreadbutonewho60reads.Manyadultsalthoughtheyhavetheabilitytoreadhaveneverreadabookinitsentirety.Butsomeexperttheywouldnotbe61asreaders.Clearlythephilosophyobjectivesmethodsandmaterialsofreadingwilldependonthedefinitiononeuse.Bythemost62andsatisfactorydefinitionreadingistheabilityto63thesound-symbolscodeofthelanguagetointerpretmeaningforvariouspurposesatvariousratesandatvariouslevelsofdifficultyandtodo64widelyandenthusiastically.65readingistheinterpretationofideasthroughtheuseofsymbolsrepresentingsoundsandideas.
ReadingReadinginvolveslookingatgraphicsymbolsandformulatingmentallythesoundsandideastheyrepresent.Conceptsofreadinghavechanged51overthecenturies.Duringthe1950’sand1960’sespeciallyincreasedattentionhasbeendevotedtodefininganddescribingthereadingprocess.52specialistsagreethatreading53acomplexorganizationofhighermental54theydisagreeabouttheexactnatureoftheprocess.Someexpertswhoregardlanguageprimarilyasacodeusingsymbolstorepresentsounds55readingassimplythedecodingofsymbolsintothesoundstheystand56.Theseauthorities57thatmeaningbeingconcernedwiththinkingmustbetaughtindependentlyofthedecodingprocess.Othersmaintainthatreadingisinexplicablyrelatedtothinkingandthatachildwhopronouncessoundswithout58theirmeaningisnottrulyreading.Thereader59someisnotjustapersonwithatheoreticalabilitytoreadbutonewho60reads.Manyadultsalthoughtheyhavetheabilitytoreadhaveneverreadabookinitsentirety.Butsomeexperttheywouldnotbe61asreaders.Clearlythephilosophyobjectivesmethodsandmaterialsofreadingwilldependonthedefinitiononeuse.Bythemost62andsatisfactorydefinitionreadingistheabilityto63thesound-symbolscodeofthelanguagetointerpretmeaningforvariouspurposesatvariousratesandatvariouslevelsofdifficultyandtodo64widelyandenthusiastically.65readingistheinterpretationofideasthroughtheuseofsymbolsrepresentingsoundsandideas.
SnowRangerThetwothings—snowandmountains—whichareneededforaskiareaarethetwothingsthatcauseavalancheslargemassofsnowandicecrushingdownthesideofamountain—oftencalledWhiteDeath.Itwasthethreatoftheavalancheanditsrecordasakillerofmaninthewesternmountainsthatcreatedthesnowranger.Hefirststartedonavalanchecontrolworkinthewinterof1937-38atAltaUtahinWasatchNationalForest.Thismountainvalleywasbecomingwellknowntoskiers.Itwasdangerous.Infactmorethan120personshadlosttheirlivesin1936andanother200diedin1937asaresultofavalanchesbeforeitbecameamajorskiarea.ThusdevelopmentofAltaandothermajorskiresortsinthewestwasdependentuponcontrollingtheavalanche.TheForestServicesetouttodoitanddidwithitscorpsofsnowrangers.Ittakesmanythingstomakeasnowranger.Thesnowrangermustbeinexcellentphysicalcondition.Hemustbeagoodskierandaskilledmountainclimber.Heshouldhaveatleastahighschooleducationandthemorecollegecoursesingeologyphysicsandrelatedfieldshehasthebetter.Hestudiessnowterrainwindandweather.Helearnstheconditionsthatproduceavalanches.Helearnstoforecastavalanchesandtobringthemroaringondownthemountainsidestoreducetheirkillingstrength.ThesnowrangerlearnstodothisbyusingartillerybyblastingwithTNTandbythedifficultandskillfulartofskiingavalanchesdown.Thesnowrangerdressedinagreenparkawhichhasabrightyellowshoulderpatchmeanssafetyforpeopleonskislopes.Hepullsthetriggerona75mm.Recoillessrifleskiswaistdeepinpowdertestingsnowstabilityortalkswiththeskiarea’soperatorashegoesabouthisworktoprotectthepublicfromthehazardsofdeepsnowonsteepmountainslopes.Asnowrangerhimselfmustbe______.
Afteranexchangeofgunfiretheterroristgroupsurrenderedatlast.
TVGamesShowsOneofthemostfascinatingthingsabouttelevisionisthesizeoftheaudience.Anovelcanbeonthebestsellerslistwithasaleoffewerthan100000copiesbutapopularTVshowmighthave70millionTVviewers.TVcanmakeanythingoranyonewellknownovernight.ThisistheprinciplebehindquizorgameshowswhichputordinarypeopleonTVtoplayagamefortheprizeandmoney.Aquizshowcanmakeanyoneastaranditcangiveawaythousandsofdollarsjustforfun.Butallofthismoneycancreateproblems.Forinstanceinthe1950squizshowswereverypopularintheU.S.andalmosteveryonewatchedthem.CharlesVanDorenanEnglishinstructorbecamerichandfamousafterwinningmoneyonseveralshows.Heevenhadacareerasatelevisionpersonality.ButoneofthelosersprovedthatCharlesVanDorenwascheating.Itturnedoutthattheshow’sproducerswhowerepullingthestringsgavetheanswerstothemostpopularcontestantsbeforehand.WhyBecauseiftheaudiencedidn’tlikethepersonwhowonthegametheyturnedtheshowoff.BasedonhisstoryamovieunderthetitleQuizShowison40yearslater.CharlesVanDorenisnolongerinvolvedwithTV.Butgameshowsarestillherethoughtheyaren’ttakenasseriously.Infactsomeofthemtrytobeasridiculousaspossible.Thereareshowsthatsendstrangersonvacationtripstogetherorthattrytocausenewly-marriedcouplestofightonTVorthatpunishlosersbyhumiliatingthem.TheentertainmentnowistoseewhatpeoplewilldojusttobeonTV.Peoplestillwinmoneybuttherealprizeistobeinfrontofanaudienceofmillions.ThehugescandalofcheatinginTVgamesshowswasnotexposeduntil40yearslaterinthemovieQuizShow.
SugarPowerforCellPhonesUsingenzymescommonlyfoundinlivingcellsanewtypeoffuelcellproducessmallamountsofelectricityfromsugar.Ifthetechnologyisabletosucceedinmassproductionyoumaysomedayshareyoursweetdrinkswithyourcellphone.Infuelcellschemicalreactionsgenerateelectricalcurrents.Theprocessusuallyreliesonpreciousmetalssuchasplatinum.Inlivingcellsenzymesperformasimilarjobbreakingdownsugarstoobtainelectronsandproduceenergy.WhenresearcherspreviouslyusedenzymesinfuelcellstheyhadtroublekeepingthemactivesaysShelleyD.MinteerofStLouisUniversity.Whereasbiologicalcellscontinuallyproducefreshenzymesthere’snomechanisminfuelcellstoreplaceenzymesastheyquicklydegrade.MinteerandTamaraKlotzbachalsoofStLouisUniversityhavenowdevelopedpolymersthatwraparoundanenzymeandpreserveitinamicroscopicpocket.WetailorthesepocketstoprovidetheidealmicroenvironmentfortheenzymeMinteersays.Thepolymerskeeptheenzymeactiveformonthsinsteadofdays.Inthenewfuelcelltinypolymerbagsofenzymeareembeddedinamembranethatcoatsoneoftheelectrodes.Whenglucosefromasugaryliquidgetsintoapockettheenzymeoxidizesitreleasingelectronsandprotons.Theelectronscrossthemembraneandenterawirethroughwhichtheytraveltotheotherelectrodewheretheyreactwithoxygenintheatmospheretoproducewater.Theflowofelectronsthroughthewireconstitutesanelectricalcurrentthatcangeneratepower.Sofarthenewfuelcellsdon’tproducemuchpowerbutthefactthattheyworkatallisexcitingsaysPaulKenisachemicalengineerattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrhana-Champaign.JustgettingittoworkKenissaysisamajoraccomplishment.Sugar-eatingfuelcellscouldbeanefficientwaytomakeelectricity.Sugariseasytofind.Andthenewfuelcellsthatrunonitarebiodegradablesothetechnologywouldn’thurttheenvironment.Thescientistsarenowtryingtousedifferentenzymesthatwillgetmorepowerfromsugar.Theypredictthatpopularproductsmaybeusingthenewtechnologyinaslittleas3years.AccordingtothelastparagraphwhatisNOTtrueofthenewfuelcells
SugarPowerforCellPhonesUsingenzymescommonlyfoundinlivingcellsanewtypeoffuelcellproducessmallamountsofelectricityfromsugar.Ifthetechnologyisabletosucceedinmassproductionyoumaysomedayshareyoursweetdrinkswithyourcellphone.Infuelcellschemicalreactionsgenerateelectricalcurrents.Theprocessusuallyreliesonpreciousmetalssuchasplatinum.Inlivingcellsenzymesperformasimilarjobbreakingdownsugarstoobtainelectronsandproduceenergy.WhenresearcherspreviouslyusedenzymesinfuelcellstheyhadtroublekeepingthemactivesaysShelleyD.MinteerofStLouisUniversity.Whereasbiologicalcellscontinuallyproducefreshenzymesthere’snomechanisminfuelcellstoreplaceenzymesastheyquicklydegrade.MinteerandTamaraKlotzbachalsoofStLouisUniversityhavenowdevelopedpolymersthatwraparoundanenzymeandpreserveitinamicroscopicpocket.WetailorthesepocketstoprovidetheidealmicroenvironmentfortheenzymeMinteersays.Thepolymerskeeptheenzymeactiveformonthsinsteadofdays.Inthenewfuelcelltinypolymerbagsofenzymeareembeddedinamembranethatcoatsoneoftheelectrodes.Whenglucosefromasugaryliquidgetsintoapockettheenzymeoxidizesitreleasingelectronsandprotons.Theelectronscrossthemembraneandenterawirethroughwhichtheytraveltotheotherelectrodewheretheyreactwithoxygenintheatmospheretoproducewater.Theflowofelectronsthroughthewireconstitutesanelectricalcurrentthatcangeneratepower.Sofarthenewfuelcellsdon’tproducemuchpowerbutthefactthattheyworkatallisexcitingsaysPaulKenisachemicalengineerattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrhana-Champaign.JustgettingittoworkKenissaysisamajoraccomplishment.Sugar-eatingfuelcellscouldbeanefficientwaytomakeelectricity.Sugariseasytofind.Andthenewfuelcellsthatrunonitarebiodegradablesothetechnologywouldn’thurttheenvironment.Thescientistsarenowtryingtousedifferentenzymesthatwillgetmorepowerfromsugar.Theypredictthatpopularproductsmaybeusingthenewtechnologyinaslittleas3years.AccordingtoParagraph5electronsarereleased______.
TVGamesShowsOneofthemostfascinatingthingsabouttelevisionisthesizeoftheaudience.Anovelcanbeonthebestsellerslistwithasaleoffewerthan100000copiesbutapopularTVshowmighthave70millionTVviewers.TVcanmakeanythingoranyonewellknownovernight.ThisistheprinciplebehindquizorgameshowswhichputordinarypeopleonTVtoplayagamefortheprizeandmoney.Aquizshowcanmakeanyoneastaranditcangiveawaythousandsofdollarsjustforfun.Butallofthismoneycancreateproblems.Forinstanceinthe1950squizshowswereverypopularintheU.S.andalmosteveryonewatchedthem.CharlesVanDorenanEnglishinstructorbecamerichandfamousafterwinningmoneyonseveralshows.Heevenhadacareerasatelevisionpersonality.ButoneofthelosersprovedthatCharlesVanDorenwascheating.Itturnedoutthattheshow’sproducerswhowerepullingthestringsgavetheanswerstothemostpopularcontestantsbeforehand.WhyBecauseiftheaudiencedidn’tlikethepersonwhowonthegametheyturnedtheshowoff.BasedonhisstoryamovieunderthetitleQuizShowison40yearslater.CharlesVanDorenisnolongerinvolvedwithTV.Butgameshowsarestillherethoughtheyaren’ttakenasseriously.Infactsomeofthemtrytobeasridiculousaspossible.Thereareshowsthatsendstrangersonvacationtripstogetherorthattrytocausenewly-marriedcouplestofightonTVorthatpunishlosersbyhumiliatingthem.TheentertainmentnowistoseewhatpeoplewilldojusttobeonTV.Peoplestillwinmoneybuttherealprizeistobeinfrontofanaudienceofmillions.TVcanmakeabeggarworld-famousovernight.
SugarPowerforCellPhonesUsingenzymescommonlyfoundinlivingcellsanewtypeoffuelcellproducessmallamountsofelectricityfromsugar.Ifthetechnologyisabletosucceedinmassproductionyoumaysomedayshareyoursweetdrinkswithyourcellphone.Infuelcellschemicalreactionsgenerateelectricalcurrents.Theprocessusuallyreliesonpreciousmetalssuchasplatinum.Inlivingcellsenzymesperformasimilarjobbreakingdownsugarstoobtainelectronsandproduceenergy.WhenresearcherspreviouslyusedenzymesinfuelcellstheyhadtroublekeepingthemactivesaysShelleyD.MinteerofStLouisUniversity.Whereasbiologicalcellscontinuallyproducefreshenzymesthere’snomechanisminfuelcellstoreplaceenzymesastheyquicklydegrade.MinteerandTamaraKlotzbachalsoofStLouisUniversityhavenowdevelopedpolymersthatwraparoundanenzymeandpreserveitinamicroscopicpocket.WetailorthesepocketstoprovidetheidealmicroenvironmentfortheenzymeMinteersays.Thepolymerskeeptheenzymeactiveformonthsinsteadofdays.Inthenewfuelcelltinypolymerbagsofenzymeareembeddedinamembranethatcoatsoneoftheelectrodes.Whenglucosefromasugaryliquidgetsintoapockettheenzymeoxidizesitreleasingelectronsandprotons.Theelectronscrossthemembraneandenterawirethroughwhichtheytraveltotheotherelectrodewheretheyreactwithoxygenintheatmospheretoproducewater.Theflowofelectronsthroughthewireconstitutesanelectricalcurrentthatcangeneratepower.Sofarthenewfuelcellsdon’tproducemuchpowerbutthefactthattheyworkatallisexcitingsaysPaulKenisachemicalengineerattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrhana-Champaign.JustgettingittoworkKenissaysisamajoraccomplishment.Sugar-eatingfuelcellscouldbeanefficientwaytomakeelectricity.Sugariseasytofind.Andthenewfuelcellsthatrunonitarebiodegradablesothetechnologywouldn’thurttheenvironment.Thescientistsarenowtryingtousedifferentenzymesthatwillgetmorepowerfromsugar.Theypredictthatpopularproductsmaybeusingthenewtechnologyinaslittleas3years.Accordingtothefirstparagraphwhencanweshareoursweetdrinkswithourcellphones
PublicityPublicrelationsisabroadsetofplannedcommunicationsaboutthecompanyincludingpublicityreleasesdesignedtopromotegoodwillandafavorableimage.Publicitythenispartofpublicrelationswhenitisinitiatedbythefirm46.Sincepublicrelationsinvolvescommunicationswithstockholdersfinancialanalystsgovernmentofficialsandothernoncustomergroupsitisusuallyplacedoutsidethemarketingdepartmentperhapsasastaffdepartmentoroutsideconsultingfirmreportingtotopmanagement.Thisorganizationalplacementcanbealimitationbecausethepublicrelationsdepartmentorconsultantwilllikelynotbeintunewithmarketingefforts.Poorcommunicationandnocoordinationmaybetheconsequences.47thisinfluencegenerallymaybelessthanthatprovidedbytheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemix.Publicitymaybeintheformofnewsreleases48.Publicityontheotherhandshouldnotbedivorcedfromthemarketingdepartmentasitcanprovideausefuladjuncttotheregularadvertising.Furthermore49;somecanresultfromanunfavorablepressasareactiontocertainactionsorlackofactionsthatarecontroversialorevendownrightill-advised.Thepointwewishtoemphasizeisthatafirmisdeludingitselfifitthinksitspublicrelationsfunctionwhetherwithinthecompanyoranoutsidefirmcantakecareofpublicimageproblemsandopportunities.Manyfactorsimpactonthepublicimage.Manyofthesehavetodowiththewaythefirmdoesbusiness50.Publicrelationsanddirectedpublicitymayhelphighlightfavorablenewsworthyeventsandmayevensucceedintoningdowntheworstofunfavorablepublicitybuttheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemixcreatemorelastingimpressions.A.thathavefavorableovertonesforthecompanyinitiatedbythepublicrelationsdepartmentB.notallpublicityisinitiatedbythefirmC.usuallyintheformofpressreleasesorpressconferenceD.suchasitsproductqualitytheservicingandhandlingofcomplaintsandthetenoroftheadvertisingE.whatitmeanstothecompanyisF.Althoughthebasicpurposeofpublicrelationsistoprovidepositiveinfluenceonthepublicimage
ReadingReadinginvolveslookingatgraphicsymbolsandformulatingmentallythesoundsandideastheyrepresent.Conceptsofreadinghavechanged51overthecenturies.Duringthe1950’sand1960’sespeciallyincreasedattentionhasbeendevotedtodefininganddescribingthereadingprocess.52specialistsagreethatreading53acomplexorganizationofhighermental54theydisagreeabouttheexactnatureoftheprocess.Someexpertswhoregardlanguageprimarilyasacodeusingsymbolstorepresentsounds55readingassimplythedecodingofsymbolsintothesoundstheystand56.Theseauthorities57thatmeaningbeingconcernedwiththinkingmustbetaughtindependentlyofthedecodingprocess.Othersmaintainthatreadingisinexplicablyrelatedtothinkingandthatachildwhopronouncessoundswithout58theirmeaningisnottrulyreading.Thereader59someisnotjustapersonwithatheoreticalabilitytoreadbutonewho60reads.Manyadultsalthoughtheyhavetheabilitytoreadhaveneverreadabookinitsentirety.Butsomeexperttheywouldnotbe61asreaders.Clearlythephilosophyobjectivesmethodsandmaterialsofreadingwilldependonthedefinitiononeuse.Bythemost62andsatisfactorydefinitionreadingistheabilityto63thesound-symbolscodeofthelanguagetointerpretmeaningforvariouspurposesatvariousratesandatvariouslevelsofdifficultyandtodo64widelyandenthusiastically.65readingistheinterpretationofideasthroughtheuseofsymbolsrepresentingsoundsandideas.
ReadingReadinginvolveslookingatgraphicsymbolsandformulatingmentallythesoundsandideastheyrepresent.Conceptsofreadinghavechanged51overthecenturies.Duringthe1950’sand1960’sespeciallyincreasedattentionhasbeendevotedtodefininganddescribingthereadingprocess.52specialistsagreethatreading53acomplexorganizationofhighermental54theydisagreeabouttheexactnatureoftheprocess.Someexpertswhoregardlanguageprimarilyasacodeusingsymbolstorepresentsounds55readingassimplythedecodingofsymbolsintothesoundstheystand56.Theseauthorities57thatmeaningbeingconcernedwiththinkingmustbetaughtindependentlyofthedecodingprocess.Othersmaintainthatreadingisinexplicablyrelatedtothinkingandthatachildwhopronouncessoundswithout58theirmeaningisnottrulyreading.Thereader59someisnotjustapersonwithatheoreticalabilitytoreadbutonewho60reads.Manyadultsalthoughtheyhavetheabilitytoreadhaveneverreadabookinitsentirety.Butsomeexperttheywouldnotbe61asreaders.Clearlythephilosophyobjectivesmethodsandmaterialsofreadingwilldependonthedefinitiononeuse.Bythemost62andsatisfactorydefinitionreadingistheabilityto63thesound-symbolscodeofthelanguagetointerpretmeaningforvariouspurposesatvariousratesandatvariouslevelsofdifficultyandtodo64widelyandenthusiastically.65readingistheinterpretationofideasthroughtheuseofsymbolsrepresentingsoundsandideas.
ReadingReadinginvolveslookingatgraphicsymbolsandformulatingmentallythesoundsandideastheyrepresent.Conceptsofreadinghavechanged51overthecenturies.Duringthe1950’sand1960’sespeciallyincreasedattentionhasbeendevotedtodefininganddescribingthereadingprocess.52specialistsagreethatreading53acomplexorganizationofhighermental54theydisagreeabouttheexactnatureoftheprocess.Someexpertswhoregardlanguageprimarilyasacodeusingsymbolstorepresentsounds55readingassimplythedecodingofsymbolsintothesoundstheystand56.Theseauthorities57thatmeaningbeingconcernedwiththinkingmustbetaughtindependentlyofthedecodingprocess.Othersmaintainthatreadingisinexplicablyrelatedtothinkingandthatachildwhopronouncessoundswithout58theirmeaningisnottrulyreading.Thereader59someisnotjustapersonwithatheoreticalabilitytoreadbutonewho60reads.Manyadultsalthoughtheyhavetheabilitytoreadhaveneverreadabookinitsentirety.Butsomeexperttheywouldnotbe61asreaders.Clearlythephilosophyobjectivesmethodsandmaterialsofreadingwilldependonthedefinitiononeuse.Bythemost62andsatisfactorydefinitionreadingistheabilityto63thesound-symbolscodeofthelanguagetointerpretmeaningforvariouspurposesatvariousratesandatvariouslevelsofdifficultyandtodo64widelyandenthusiastically.65readingistheinterpretationofideasthroughtheuseofsymbolsrepresentingsoundsandideas.
A.totrackhurricanesandissuewarningsB.toavoidconfusionC.tostayathomeD.tobegiventotropicalstormsE.tomakepredictionsF.tokillatleast15peopleAttheendofthe19thcenturywomen’snamesstarted______.
ReadingReadinginvolveslookingatgraphicsymbolsandformulatingmentallythesoundsandideastheyrepresent.Conceptsofreadinghavechanged51overthecenturies.Duringthe1950’sand1960’sespeciallyincreasedattentionhasbeendevotedtodefininganddescribingthereadingprocess.52specialistsagreethatreading53acomplexorganizationofhighermental54theydisagreeabouttheexactnatureoftheprocess.Someexpertswhoregardlanguageprimarilyasacodeusingsymbolstorepresentsounds55readingassimplythedecodingofsymbolsintothesoundstheystand56.Theseauthorities57thatmeaningbeingconcernedwiththinkingmustbetaughtindependentlyofthedecodingprocess.Othersmaintainthatreadingisinexplicablyrelatedtothinkingandthatachildwhopronouncessoundswithout58theirmeaningisnottrulyreading.Thereader59someisnotjustapersonwithatheoreticalabilitytoreadbutonewho60reads.Manyadultsalthoughtheyhavetheabilitytoreadhaveneverreadabookinitsentirety.Butsomeexperttheywouldnotbe61asreaders.Clearlythephilosophyobjectivesmethodsandmaterialsofreadingwilldependonthedefinitiononeuse.Bythemost62andsatisfactorydefinitionreadingistheabilityto63thesound-symbolscodeofthelanguagetointerpretmeaningforvariouspurposesatvariousratesandatvariouslevelsofdifficultyandtodo64widelyandenthusiastically.65readingistheinterpretationofideasthroughtheuseofsymbolsrepresentingsoundsandideas.
Everyoneaboardtheshipperishedwhenitsank.
A.ReasonfornaminghurricanesB.WarningofanapproachinghurricaneC.DeadlywomenD.HistoryofnaminghurricanesE.OrganizationresponsiblefornaminghurricanesF.WaystotrackhurricanesParagraph4______
Walkalongthiscorridorandyouwillseethequeen'sprivatechamber.
A.totrackhurricanesandissuewarningsB.toavoidconfusionC.tostayathomeD.tobegiventotropicalstormsE.tomakepredictionsF.tokillatleast15peopleTheresponsibilityoftheUSNationalWeatherServiceis______.
Inthecountrysidetherewerevillageswithwindingbrooksandfruitfultrees.
NewMaterialNewFashionTheJanuaryfashionshowcalledFutureFashionexemplified例证howfargreendesignhascome.OrganizedbytheNewYork-basednon-profitEarthPledgetheshowinspiredmanytopdesignerstoworkwithsustainablefabrics纤维forthefirsttime.Severalhavesincemadepledgestoincludeorganicfabricsintheirlines.Thedesignerswhoundertakegreenfashionstillfacemanychallenges.ScottHahncofounderwithGregoryofRoganandLoomstatewhichusesall-organiccottonsayshigh-qualitysustainablematerialscanstillbetoughtofind.Mostdesignerswithexistinglabelsarefindingtherearen’tcomparablefabricsthatcanjustreplacewhatyou’redoingandwhatyourcustomersareusedtohesays.Forexampleorganiccottonandnon-organiccottonarevirtuallyindistinguishableoncewovenintoadress.Butsomepopularsyntheticslikestretchnylonstillhavefeweco-friendlyequivalents.Thosewhodomaketheswitcharefindingtheyhavemoresupport.LastyeartheinfluentialtradeshowDesigners&Agentsstoppedchargingitsparticipationfeeforyounggreenentrepreneurs企业家whoattenditstwospringtimeshowsinLosAngelesandNewYorkandgavespecialrecognitiontodesignerswhosecollectionsareatleast25%sustainable.Itnowcountsmorethan50greendesignersupfromfewerthanadozentwoyearsago.ThisweekWal-Martissettoannounceamajorinitiativeaimedathelpingcottonfarmersgoorganic:itwillbuytransitional过渡型的cottonathigherpricesthushelpingtoexpandthesupplyofakeysustainablematerial.MainstreamisabouttooccursaysHahn.Someanalysts分析师arelesssure.Amongconsumersonly18%areevenawarethatecofashionexistsupfrom6%fouryearsago.NatalieHormillaafashionwriterisanexampleoftheunconvertedconsumer.Whenaskedifsheownedanysustainableclothesshereplied:NotthatI’mawareof.Likemostconsumersshefindslittletimetoshopandwhenshedoesshe’sonthehuntforcutestuffthatisn’ttooexpensive.Byherownadmissiongreenjustisn’tyetonhermind.But—thankstothecombinedeffortsofdesignersretailersandsuppliers—onedayitwillbe.AccordingtoScottHahnonebigchallengetodesignerswhowillgoorganicisthat______.
A.ReasonfornaminghurricanesB.WarningofanapproachinghurricaneC.DeadlywomenD.HistoryofnaminghurricanesE.OrganizationresponsiblefornaminghurricanesF.WaystotrackhurricanesParagraph2______
NewMaterialNewFashionTheJanuaryfashionshowcalledFutureFashionexemplified例证howfargreendesignhascome.OrganizedbytheNewYork-basednon-profitEarthPledgetheshowinspiredmanytopdesignerstoworkwithsustainablefabrics纤维forthefirsttime.Severalhavesincemadepledgestoincludeorganicfabricsintheirlines.Thedesignerswhoundertakegreenfashionstillfacemanychallenges.ScottHahncofounderwithGregoryofRoganandLoomstatewhichusesall-organiccottonsayshigh-qualitysustainablematerialscanstillbetoughtofind.Mostdesignerswithexistinglabelsarefindingtherearen’tcomparablefabricsthatcanjustreplacewhatyou’redoingandwhatyourcustomersareusedtohesays.Forexampleorganiccottonandnon-organiccottonarevirtuallyindistinguishableoncewovenintoadress.Butsomepopularsyntheticslikestretchnylonstillhavefeweco-friendlyequivalents.Thosewhodomaketheswitcharefindingtheyhavemoresupport.LastyeartheinfluentialtradeshowDesigners&Agentsstoppedchargingitsparticipationfeeforyounggreenentrepreneurs企业家whoattenditstwospringtimeshowsinLosAngelesandNewYorkandgavespecialrecognitiontodesignerswhosecollectionsareatleast25%sustainable.Itnowcountsmorethan50greendesignersupfromfewerthanadozentwoyearsago.ThisweekWal-Martissettoannounceamajorinitiativeaimedathelpingcottonfarmersgoorganic:itwillbuytransitional过渡型的cottonathigherpricesthushelpingtoexpandthesupplyofakeysustainablematerial.MainstreamisabouttooccursaysHahn.Someanalysts分析师arelesssure.Amongconsumersonly18%areevenawarethatecofashionexistsupfrom6%fouryearsago.NatalieHormillaafashionwriterisanexampleoftheunconvertedconsumer.Whenaskedifsheownedanysustainableclothesshereplied:NotthatI’mawareof.Likemostconsumersshefindslittletimetoshopandwhenshedoesshe’sonthehuntforcutestuffthatisn’ttooexpensive.Byherownadmissiongreenjustisn’tyetonhermind.But—thankstothecombinedeffortsofdesignersretailersandsuppliers—onedayitwillbe.WhatisNatalieHormilla’sattitudetowardecofashion
TVGamesShowsOneofthemostfascinatingthingsabouttelevisionisthesizeoftheaudience.Anovelcanbeonthebestsellerslistwithasaleoffewerthan100000copiesbutapopularTVshowmighthave70millionTVviewers.TVcanmakeanythingoranyonewellknownovernight.ThisistheprinciplebehindquizorgameshowswhichputordinarypeopleonTVtoplayagamefortheprizeandmoney.Aquizshowcanmakeanyoneastaranditcangiveawaythousandsofdollarsjustforfun.Butallofthismoneycancreateproblems.Forinstanceinthe1950squizshowswereverypopularintheU.S.andalmosteveryonewatchedthem.CharlesVanDorenanEnglishinstructorbecamerichandfamousafterwinningmoneyonseveralshows.Heevenhadacareerasatelevisionpersonality.ButoneofthelosersprovedthatCharlesVanDorenwascheating.Itturnedoutthattheshow’sproducerswhowerepullingthestringsgavetheanswerstothemostpopularcontestantsbeforehand.WhyBecauseiftheaudiencedidn’tlikethepersonwhowonthegametheyturnedtheshowoff.BasedonhisstoryamovieunderthetitleQuizShowison40yearslater.CharlesVanDorenisnolongerinvolvedwithTV.Butgameshowsarestillherethoughtheyaren’ttakenasseriously.Infactsomeofthemtrytobeasridiculousaspossible.Thereareshowsthatsendstrangersonvacationtripstogetherorthattrytocausenewly-marriedcouplestofightonTVorthatpunishlosersbyhumiliatingthem.TheentertainmentnowistoseewhatpeoplewilldojusttobeonTV.Peoplestillwinmoneybuttherealprizeistobeinfrontofanaudienceofmillions.Winnersofpresent-dayTVshowsnolongergetmoneyfromtheshows.
PublicityPublicrelationsisabroadsetofplannedcommunicationsaboutthecompanyincludingpublicityreleasesdesignedtopromotegoodwillandafavorableimage.Publicitythenispartofpublicrelationswhenitisinitiatedbythefirm46.Sincepublicrelationsinvolvescommunicationswithstockholdersfinancialanalystsgovernmentofficialsandothernoncustomergroupsitisusuallyplacedoutsidethemarketingdepartmentperhapsasastaffdepartmentoroutsideconsultingfirmreportingtotopmanagement.Thisorganizationalplacementcanbealimitationbecausethepublicrelationsdepartmentorconsultantwilllikelynotbeintunewithmarketingefforts.Poorcommunicationandnocoordinationmaybetheconsequences.47thisinfluencegenerallymaybelessthanthatprovidedbytheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemix.Publicitymaybeintheformofnewsreleases48.Publicityontheotherhandshouldnotbedivorcedfromthemarketingdepartmentasitcanprovideausefuladjuncttotheregularadvertising.Furthermore49;somecanresultfromanunfavorablepressasareactiontocertainactionsorlackofactionsthatarecontroversialorevendownrightill-advised.Thepointwewishtoemphasizeisthatafirmisdeludingitselfifitthinksitspublicrelationsfunctionwhetherwithinthecompanyoranoutsidefirmcantakecareofpublicimageproblemsandopportunities.Manyfactorsimpactonthepublicimage.Manyofthesehavetodowiththewaythefirmdoesbusiness50.Publicrelationsanddirectedpublicitymayhelphighlightfavorablenewsworthyeventsandmayevensucceedintoningdowntheworstofunfavorablepublicitybuttheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemixcreatemorelastingimpressions.A.thathavefavorableovertonesforthecompanyinitiatedbythepublicrelationsdepartmentB.notallpublicityisinitiatedbythefirmC.usuallyintheformofpressreleasesorpressconferenceD.suchasitsproductqualitytheservicingandhandlingofcomplaintsandthetenoroftheadvertisingE.whatitmeanstothecompanyisF.Althoughthebasicpurposeofpublicrelationsistoprovidepositiveinfluenceonthepublicimage
SnowRangerThetwothings—snowandmountains—whichareneededforaskiareaarethetwothingsthatcauseavalancheslargemassofsnowandicecrushingdownthesideofamountain—oftencalledWhiteDeath.Itwasthethreatoftheavalancheanditsrecordasakillerofmaninthewesternmountainsthatcreatedthesnowranger.Hefirststartedonavalanchecontrolworkinthewinterof1937-38atAltaUtahinWasatchNationalForest.Thismountainvalleywasbecomingwellknowntoskiers.Itwasdangerous.Infactmorethan120personshadlosttheirlivesin1936andanother200diedin1937asaresultofavalanchesbeforeitbecameamajorskiarea.ThusdevelopmentofAltaandothermajorskiresortsinthewestwasdependentuponcontrollingtheavalanche.TheForestServicesetouttodoitanddidwithitscorpsofsnowrangers.Ittakesmanythingstomakeasnowranger.Thesnowrangermustbeinexcellentphysicalcondition.Hemustbeagoodskierandaskilledmountainclimber.Heshouldhaveatleastahighschooleducationandthemorecollegecoursesingeologyphysicsandrelatedfieldshehasthebetter.Hestudiessnowterrainwindandweather.Helearnstheconditionsthatproduceavalanches.Helearnstoforecastavalanchesandtobringthemroaringondownthemountainsidestoreducetheirkillingstrength.ThesnowrangerlearnstodothisbyusingartillerybyblastingwithTNTandbythedifficultandskillfulartofskiingavalanchesdown.Thesnowrangerdressedinagreenparkawhichhasabrightyellowshoulderpatchmeanssafetyforpeopleonskislopes.Hepullsthetriggerona75mm.Recoillessrifleskiswaistdeepinpowdertestingsnowstabilityortalkswiththeskiarea’soperatorashegoesabouthisworktoprotectthepublicfromthehazardsofdeepsnowonsteepmountainslopes.Whatistheprimarydutyofthesnowranger
PublicityPublicrelationsisabroadsetofplannedcommunicationsaboutthecompanyincludingpublicityreleasesdesignedtopromotegoodwillandafavorableimage.Publicitythenispartofpublicrelationswhenitisinitiatedbythefirm46.Sincepublicrelationsinvolvescommunicationswithstockholdersfinancialanalystsgovernmentofficialsandothernoncustomergroupsitisusuallyplacedoutsidethemarketingdepartmentperhapsasastaffdepartmentoroutsideconsultingfirmreportingtotopmanagement.Thisorganizationalplacementcanbealimitationbecausethepublicrelationsdepartmentorconsultantwilllikelynotbeintunewithmarketingefforts.Poorcommunicationandnocoordinationmaybetheconsequences.47thisinfluencegenerallymaybelessthanthatprovidedbytheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemix.Publicitymaybeintheformofnewsreleases48.Publicityontheotherhandshouldnotbedivorcedfromthemarketingdepartmentasitcanprovideausefuladjuncttotheregularadvertising.Furthermore49;somecanresultfromanunfavorablepressasareactiontocertainactionsorlackofactionsthatarecontroversialorevendownrightill-advised.Thepointwewishtoemphasizeisthatafirmisdeludingitselfifitthinksitspublicrelationsfunctionwhetherwithinthecompanyoranoutsidefirmcantakecareofpublicimageproblemsandopportunities.Manyfactorsimpactonthepublicimage.Manyofthesehavetodowiththewaythefirmdoesbusiness50.Publicrelationsanddirectedpublicitymayhelphighlightfavorablenewsworthyeventsandmayevensucceedintoningdowntheworstofunfavorablepublicitybuttheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemixcreatemorelastingimpressions.A.thathavefavorableovertonesforthecompanyinitiatedbythepublicrelationsdepartmentB.notallpublicityisinitiatedbythefirmC.usuallyintheformofpressreleasesorpressconferenceD.suchasitsproductqualitytheservicingandhandlingofcomplaintsandthetenoroftheadvertisingE.whatitmeanstothecompanyisF.Althoughthebasicpurposeofpublicrelationsistoprovidepositiveinfluenceonthepublicimage
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