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The Greatest Mystery Of Whales The whale is a warm-blooded, air-breathing animal, givin...
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第49届世界卫生大会采纳WHA49.25号决议宣布什么是世界范围内公共卫生的首要问题
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{{*HTML*}}MemoryTest??1．IamgoingtogiveyoufivetechniquesthatwillenableyoutorememberanythingyouneedtoknowatschoolpromisedlecturerlanRobinsontoahundredschoolchildren.Heslappedhishanddownonthetable.WhenI’vefinishedintwohours’timeyourworkwillbefarmoreeffectiveandproductive.Anyonenotinterestedleavenow.Theentireroomsatstill.??2．RobinsoncallshimselftheMindMagician魔术师.Hespecializesindoingmagictricksthatlooktotallyimpossibleandthenherevealsthattheyinvolvenothingmoremysteriousthangoodold-fashionedtrickery骗术.Ihavealwaysbeeninterestedintricksinvolvingmemory-beingabletoreeloff一口气说出theorderofcardsinapackthatsortofthingheexplains.??3．Robinsonwasalreadylecturingtoschoolsonhismagictechniqueswhenitstruckhimthatstudentsmightfindmemorytechniquesevenmorevaluable.Itwasn’tadifficultareatomoveintoasthestuff’sallthereinbooks.Sohesummarizedeverythingtomakeatwo-hourlectureaboutfivetechniques.??4．Youwanttolearnalistofahundredthings?AthousandNoproblemsaysRobinson.Thescandalisthateverychildisnottaughtthetechniquesfromthebeginningoftheirschoollife.Theschoolchildrenwhowerewatchinghimthoughtitwasbrilliant.IwishI’dbeentoldthisearliercommentedMarkafterRobinsonhadshownthemhowtoconstructmentaljourneys.??5．Essentiallyyouvisualize想象awalkdownastreetoratriproundaroomandpickthepointswhereyouwillputthethingsyouwanttoremember—thelamppostthefruitbowl.Thenineachlocationyouputavisualrepresentationofyourlist—phrasalverbshistoricaldateswhatever—makingthemasstrangeaspossible.Itisthatsimpleanditworks.??6．Thereactionofschoolshasbeenuniformlyenthusiastic.Thepupilsbenefitedenormouslyfromlan’spresentationsaysDr.JohnstonheadoftheschoolwhereRobinsonwasspeaking.Ideallyweshouldrunaregularclassinmemorytechniquessopupilscanpickitupgradually./Robinsontaughtchildrentousementaljourneystoimprove______.
{{*HTML*}}EarthAngels??1．JoyingBresciawas8yearsoldwhenshenoticedthatcigarettebutts烟头werelitteringherhometownbeachinIsleofPalmsSouthCarolina.Whenshelearnedthatittakesfiveyearsfortheremainsofacigarettetodisintegrateshedecidedtotakeaction.JoyinglaunchedaNoButtsontheBeachcampaign.Sheraisedmoneyandawarenessabouttheneedtokeepthebeachesclean.WiththehelpofothersJoyingalsoboughtorreceiveddonationsofgallon-sizeplasticice-creambuckets.Thebucketswerefilledwithsandandplacedatallpublic-accessareasofthebeach.Thebucketsallowedpeopletodisposeoftheircigarettesbeforehittingthebeach.TwoyearslaterJoyingsaysthebucketsarefullandthebeachisnearlyfreeofcigarettedebris残片.??2．PeoplewholiveinorvisitSteamboatSpringsColoradohaveCarterDunhamtothankforanewstatewildliferefugethatpreserves20acresofmarshlandandmanyspeciesofwildlife.CarterandotherstudentswroteamanagementplanfortheareaaroundtheYampaRiver.TheplanwaspartofaclassprojectwhenCarterwasafreshmanatSteamboatSpringsHighSchool.WorkingwiththeColoradoDivisionofWildlifeCarterandhisclassmatesmappedtheareaandspeciesofanimalslivingthere.Theyalsomadedecisionsaboutamongotherthingswherefencesandparkingareasshouldbebuilt.??3．BarbaraBrownandherfriendscollectoil.Itstartedasaprojectfortheir4HClubafteroneofthegirlsnoticedherfatherusingmotoroiltokillweedsontheirfarminVictoriaTexas.Theydidsomeresearchanddiscoveredthatoilcancontaminategroundwater—arealdangerinruralareaswherepeopleliveoffthewaterontheirland.Thegirlsresearchedwaystorecycleoilandworkedwithalocaloil-recyclingcompanyontheissue.NowtheDon’tBeCrudeprogramrunsoil-collectionsites—tanksthatholdupto460gallons—wherepeopleinthecommunitycandisposeoftheiroil.??4．Fiveyearsago11-year-oldRyanHreljacwasalittleboywithabigdream:forallthepeopleinAfricatohavecleandrinkingwater.Hisdreambeganinthefirstgradewhenhelearnedthatpeopleweredyingbecausetheydidn’thavecleanwaterandthataslittleas$70couldbuildawell.WereallytakewaterforgrantedsaysRyanofKemptvilleOntarioinCanada.Inothercountriesyouhavetoplanforit.Ryanearnedthefirst$70bydoingextrachores零工butwiththehelpofothershehassinceraisedhundredsofthousandsofdollars.HiseffortsledtothestartoftheRyan’sWellFoundationwhichraisesmoneyforcleanwaterandhealth-relatedservicesforpeopleinAfricancountriesanddevelopingcountries.Paragraph4______
MobilePhones:AreTheyabouttoTransformOurLives Welovethemsomuchthatsomeofussleepwiththemunderthepillowyetweareincreasinglyconcernedthatwecannotescapetheirelectronicreach.Weusethemtoconveyourmostintimatesecretsyetweworrythattheyareathreattoourprivacy.WerelyonthemmorethantheInternettocopewithmodernlifeyetmanyofusdon’tbelieveadvertisementssayingweneedmoreadvancedservices. Sweepingasidethedoubtsthatmanypeoplefeelaboutthebenefitsofnewthirdgenerationphonesandfearsoverthehealtheffectsofphonemasts天线竿arecentreportclaimsthatthelong-termeffectsofnewmobiletechnologieswillbeentirelypositivesolongasthepubliccanbeconvincedtomakeuseofthem.Researchaboutusersofmobilephonesrevealsthatthemobilehasalreadymovedbeyondbeingamerepracticalcommunicationstooltobecomethebackbone支柱ofmodernsociallifefromloveaffairstofriendshiptowork.Onefemaleteacher32toldtheresearchers:"Ilovemyphone.It’smyfriend." Thecloserelationshipbetweenuserandphoneismostpronouncedamongteenagersthereportsayswhoregardtheirmobilesasanexpressionoftheiridentity.Thisispartlybecausemobilesareseenasbeingbeyondthecontrolofparents.Buttheresearcherssuggestthatanotherreasonmaybethatmobilesespeciallytextmessagingareseenasawayofovercomingshyness."Textingisoftenusedforapologiestoexcuselatenessortocommunicateotherthingsthatmakeusuncomfortable"thereportsays.Theimpactofphoneshoweverhasbeenlocalratherthanglobalsupportingexistingfriendshipsandnetworksratherthanopeninguserstoanewbroadercommunity.Eventhelanguageoftextinginoneareacanbeincomprehensibletoanybodyfromanotherarea. Amongthemostimportantbenefitsofusingmobilephonesthereportclaimswillbeavastlyimprovedmobileinfrastructure基础设providinggainsthroughouttheeconomyandtheprovisionofamoresophisticatedlocation-basedservicesforusers.Thereportcallsongovernmenttoputmoreeffortintothedeliveryofservicesbymobilephonewithsuggestionsincludingpublictransportandtrafficinformationanddoctors’textmessagestoremindpatientsofappointments."Ilovethatidea"oneusersaidinaninterview."ItwouldmeanIwouldn’thavetowriteahundredmessagestomyself." Therearemanyotherpossibilities.AtarecenttradefairinSwedenamobilenavigationproductwaslaunched.Whentheuserentersadestinationarouteisautomaticallydownloadedtotheirmobileandpresentedbyvoicepicturesandmapsastheydrive.Infuturethesedeviceswillalsobeabletoplanaroundcongestion交通堵塞androadworksinrealtime.Thirdgenerationphoneswillalsoallowforremotemonitoringofpatientsbydoctors.InBritainscientistsaredevelopinganasthma哮喘managementsolutionusingmobilestodetectearlysignsofanattack. Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue
A．VerySlowRide Thesurfaceoftheearthmayseemverystabletoyou.Butyoumightbeamazedifyouknewsomeofthethingsthataregoingonunderthatsurface. Theearthhasanoutershellofrigidpiecescalledtectonicplates地壳构造板块.Theplatesincludebothoceanflooranddryland.Somehavewholecontinentsontopofthem.Thecontinentsontopoftheplatesarejustgoingalongforaslowridemovingonlyaboutfourinchesperyear.Buteventhissmallmovementcausesthreetypesofbiginteractions. Onetypeisoceanridges.Theseridgesdevelopinplaceswheretwoplatesaremovingawayfromeachother.Astheplatesseparatehotmagma岩浆flowsuptofillthespace.Newcrust地壳buildsupontheplateboundariesandcausesoceanridges.Theseridgesformlongmountainrangeswhichonlyriseabovetheoceansurfaceinafewplaces. Anothertypeofreaction-trenches-occursbetweentwoplatesthataremovingtowardeachother.Astheplatesmeetonebendsdownwardandplungesunderneaththeother.Thisformsdeepoceantrenches.TheMarianasTrenchoffGuaminthewesternPacificOceanhasadepthofmorethan36000feet.Thisisthelowestpointontheoceanfloor.Iftheleadingedgesofthetwocollidingplatescarrycontinentsthenthelayersofrockintheoverridingplatecrumple变皱andfold.AplatethatcarriedwhatisnowIndiacollidedwiththesouthernedgeoftheplatethatcarriedEuropeandmostofAsia.ThiscausedtheHimalayastheworld’shighestmountains. Thethirdreactionistransformfaults转换断层.Thesefaultsoccurwheretwoplatesthataretravelinginoppositedirectionsslidepasteachother.Severeearthquakescanoccur.TheSanAndreasFaultinCaliforniaisagoodexampleofthistypeofmovement. Thewordstableparagraph1means
{{*HTML*}}MemoryTest??1．IamgoingtogiveyoufivetechniquesthatwillenableyoutorememberanythingyouneedtoknowatschoolpromisedlecturerlanRobinsontoahundredschoolchildren.Heslappedhishanddownonthetable.WhenI’vefinishedintwohours’timeyourworkwillbefarmoreeffectiveandproductive.Anyonenotinterestedleavenow.Theentireroomsatstill.??2．RobinsoncallshimselftheMindMagician魔术师.Hespecializesindoingmagictricksthatlooktotallyimpossibleandthenherevealsthattheyinvolvenothingmoremysteriousthangoodold-fashionedtrickery骗术.Ihavealwaysbeeninterestedintricksinvolvingmemory-beingabletoreeloff一口气说出theorderofcardsinapackthatsortofthingheexplains.??3．Robinsonwasalreadylecturingtoschoolsonhismagictechniqueswhenitstruckhimthatstudentsmightfindmemorytechniquesevenmorevaluable.Itwasn’tadifficultareatomoveintoasthestuff’sallthereinbooks.Sohesummarizedeverythingtomakeatwo-hourlectureaboutfivetechniques.??4．Youwanttolearnalistofahundredthings?AthousandNoproblemsaysRobinson.Thescandalisthateverychildisnottaughtthetechniquesfromthebeginningoftheirschoollife.Theschoolchildrenwhowerewatchinghimthoughtitwasbrilliant.IwishI’dbeentoldthisearliercommentedMarkafterRobinsonhadshownthemhowtoconstructmentaljourneys.??5．Essentiallyyouvisualize想象awalkdownastreetoratriproundaroomandpickthepointswhereyouwillputthethingsyouwanttoremember—thelamppostthefruitbowl.Thenineachlocationyouputavisualrepresentationofyourlist—phrasalverbshistoricaldateswhatever—makingthemasstrangeaspossible.Itisthatsimpleanditworks.??6．Thereactionofschoolshasbeenuniformlyenthusiastic.Thepupilsbenefitedenormouslyfromlan’spresentationsaysDr.JohnstonheadoftheschoolwhereRobinsonwasspeaking.Ideallyweshouldrunaregularclassinmemorytechniquessopupilscanpickitupgradually./Paragraph5______
{{*HTML*}}Cloning克隆:FuturePerfect???1．Acloneisanexactcopyofaplantoranimalproducedfromanyonecell.SinceScottishscientistsreportedthattheyhadmanagedtocloneasheepnamedDollyin1997researchintocloninghasgrownrapidly.InMay1998scientistsinMassachusettsmanagedtocreatetwoidenticalcalves牛犊usingcloningtechnology.Amousehasalsobeenclonedsuccessfully.ButthedebateovercloninghumansreallystartedwhenChicagophysicistRichardSeedmadeasurprisingannouncement:Wewillhavemanagedtocloneahumanbeingwithinthenexttwoyears.hetoldtheworld.??2．Seed’sannouncementprovokedalotofmediaattentionmostofitnegative.InEuropenineteennationshavealreadysignedanagreementbanninghumancloningandintheU.S.thePresidentannounced:WewillbeintroducingalawtobanallhumancloningandmanystatesintheU.S.willhavepassedanti-cloninglawsbytheendoftheyear.??3．Manyresearchersarenotsonegativeaboutcloning.Theyareworriedthatlawsbanninghumancloningwillthreatenimportantresearch.InMarchTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicinecalledanyplantobanresearchoncloninghumansseriouslymistaken.Manyresearchersalsobelievethatinspiteofattemptstobanithumancloningwillhavebecomeroutineby2010becauseitisimpossibletostoptheprogressofscience.??4．Istherereasontofearthatcloningwillleadtoanightmareword?Thepublichasbeenbombarded轰炸withnewspaperarticlestelevisionshowsandfilmsaswellascartoons.Suchinformationisoftenmisleadingandmakespeoplewonderwhatonearththescientistswillbedoingnext.??5．Withinthenextfivetotenyearsscientistswillprobablyhavefoundawayofcloninghumans.Itcouldbethatprettysoonwewillbeabletochoosethepersonthatwewantourchildtolooklike.Buthowwoulditfeeltobeacloneamonghundredstheanti-clonersask.Prettycoolanswerthepro-cloners赞成克隆的人.RichardSeed’sannouncementreceived______.
{{*HTML*}}DVDforRent??1．A．pay-for-playsystemforvideoDVDwillemergebysummerasanalternativeandpossiblyacompetitortotheDVD．formatcurrentlyavailable.??2．ThenewsystemcalledDigitalVideoExpressDivxoperateslikeaDVDplayerexceptforthespeciallycodeddiscs.Thesewillcost$5forinitialviewingovera48-hourperiodandcanbeviewedagainforadditionalfeesandevenpurchasedforunlimitedviewing.??3．Divxcombinestheserviceofavideorental出租的storewiththeoperationofapay-per-viewTVchannel.UnlikearentedvideotapethoughtheDivxdiscneedn’tbereturned.Customerscanretainthediscforreplayinthefutureatanadditionalfeeorsimplythrowitaway.??4．Subsequentplaysorthepurchaseofunlimited-viewingrightsarebilledtothecustomer’sDivxaccountandchargedtoacreditcard.Theplayer’sbuilt-inmemorykeepstrackofallDivxplaysandsendsthisinformationbytoll-freephonemodem调制解调器totheDivxrecord-keepingcentre.EachDivxdiscandplayerhasauniqueidentificationcodesothesystemknowswhichdiscshavebeenplayedandwhere.??5．SomeDivxdiscscouldbeconvertedforunlimitedplayatapricelikelytobelowerthanbuyingaconventionalDVD.OtherscalledDivxGoldwouldbesoldfromthebeginningforunlimitedplaywithoutfurthercharge.AlthoughconventionalDVDswillruninaDivxplayerconventionalDVDplayerswilllackthedecodingandcommunicationsabilitytoplay.Divxdiscs.DivxplayerswillbeofferedbyPanasonicRCAandZenith.??6．About100discswillbeavailableinitiallyfromDisneyDreamworksParamountandUniversalgrowingto500titleswithinayear.OtherfilmmakershaveyettoadopttheDivxsystemwhichisownedbyretailerCircuitCitythe350-storeelectronicschainthatbankrolled提供资金itsdevelopment.Paragraph3______
WhereHaveAlltheFrogsGone Inthe1980sscientistsaroundtheworldbegantonoticesomethingstrange:Frogsweredisappearing.Morerecentresearchhasshownthatmanykindsofamphibians两栖动物aredecliningorhavebecomeextinct.Theyhavebeenaroundforalongtime—over350millionyears.Whyaretheydyingoutnow Scientistsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthisquestion.Firstofallamphibiansareanimportantsourceofscientificandmedicalknowledge.Bystudyingamphibiansscientistshavelearnedaboutnewsubstancesthatcouldbeveryusefulfortreatinghumandiseases.Furtherresearchcouldleadtomanymorediscoveriesbutthatwillbeimpossibleiftheamphibiansdisappear. Themostseriousaspectofamphibianlosshowevergoesbeyondtheamphibiansthemselves.Scientistsarebeginningtothinkaboutwhatamphibiandeclinemeansfortheplanetasawhole.Iftheearthisbecomingunlivableforamphibiansisitalsobecomingunlivableforotherkindsofanimalsandhumanbeingsaswe Scientistsnowbelievethatamphibiandeclineisduetoseveralenvironmentalfactors.Oneofthesefactorsisthedestructionofhabitatthenaturalareawhereananimallives.Amphibiansareverysensitivetochangesintheirhabitat.Iftheycannotfindtherightconditionstheywillnotlaytheireggs.Thesedaysaswildareasarecoveredwithhousesroadsfarmsorfactoriesmanykindsofamphibiansarenolongerlayingeggs.Forexamplethearroyotoad蟾蜍ofsouthernCaliforniawillonlylayitseggsonthesandybottomofaslow-movingstream.ThereareveryfewstreamsleftinsouthernCaliforniaandthosestreamsareoftenmuddybecauseofbuildingprojects.Notsurprisinglythearroyotoadisnowindangerofextinction. Thereareanumberofotherfactorsinamphibiandecline.Pollutionisoneofthem.Inmanyindustrialareasairpollutionhaspoisonedtherainwhichthenfallsonpondsandkillsthefrogsandtoadsthatlivethere.Infarmingareastheheavyuseofchemicalsoncropshasalsokilledoffamphibians.AnotherfactoristhatairpollutionhasledtoincreasedlevelsofultravioletUVlight.ThisendangersamphibianswhichseemtobeespeciallysensitivetoUVlight.Andfinallyscientistshavediscoveredanewdiseasethatseemstobekillingmanyspeciesofamphibiansindifferentpartsoftheworld. Allthesereasonsforthedisappearanceofamphibiansarealsogoodreasonsformoregeneralconcern.Thedestructionoflandthepollutionoftheairandthewaterthechangesinouratmospherethespreadofdiseases—thesefactorsaffecthumanbeingstoo.Amphibiansareespeciallysensitivetoenvironmentalchange.Perhapstheyarelikethecanary金丝雀birdthatcoalminersonceusedtotakedownintotheminestodetectpoisonousgases.Whenthecanarybecameillordiedtheminersknewthatdangerousgaseswerenearandtheirownliveswereindanger. Coalminersonceusedthecanarybirdtodetect
WhereHaveAlltheFrogsGone Inthe1980sscientistsaroundtheworldbegantonoticesomethingstrange:Frogsweredisappearing.Morerecentresearchhasshownthatmanykindsofamphibians两栖动物aredecliningorhavebecomeextinct.Theyhavebeenaroundforalongtime—over350millionyears.Whyaretheydyingoutnow Scientistsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthisquestion.Firstofallamphibiansareanimportantsourceofscientificandmedicalknowledge.Bystudyingamphibiansscientistshavelearnedaboutnewsubstancesthatcouldbeveryusefulfortreatinghumandiseases.Furtherresearchcouldleadtomanymorediscoveriesbutthatwillbeimpossibleiftheamphibiansdisappear. Themostseriousaspectofamphibianlosshowevergoesbeyondtheamphibiansthemselves.Scientistsarebeginningtothinkaboutwhatamphibiandeclinemeansfortheplanetasawhole.Iftheearthisbecomingunlivableforamphibiansisitalsobecomingunlivableforotherkindsofanimalsandhumanbeingsaswe Scientistsnowbelievethatamphibiandeclineisduetoseveralenvironmentalfactors.Oneofthesefactorsisthedestructionofhabitatthenaturalareawhereananimallives.Amphibiansareverysensitivetochangesintheirhabitat.Iftheycannotfindtherightconditionstheywillnotlaytheireggs.Thesedaysaswildareasarecoveredwithhousesroadsfarmsorfactoriesmanykindsofamphibiansarenolongerlayingeggs.Forexamplethearroyotoad蟾蜍ofsouthernCaliforniawillonlylayitseggsonthesandybottomofaslow-movingstream.ThereareveryfewstreamsleftinsouthernCaliforniaandthosestreamsareoftenmuddybecauseofbuildingprojects.Notsurprisinglythearroyotoadisnowindangerofextinction. Thereareanumberofotherfactorsinamphibiandecline.Pollutionisoneofthem.Inmanyindustrialareasairpollutionhaspoisonedtherainwhichthenfallsonpondsandkillsthefrogsandtoadsthatlivethere.Infarmingareastheheavyuseofchemicalsoncropshasalsokilledoffamphibians.AnotherfactoristhatairpollutionhasledtoincreasedlevelsofultravioletUVlight.ThisendangersamphibianswhichseemtobeespeciallysensitivetoUVlight.Andfinallyscientistshavediscoveredanewdiseasethatseemstobekillingmanyspeciesofamphibiansindifferentpartsoftheworld. Allthesereasonsforthedisappearanceofamphibiansarealsogoodreasonsformoregeneralconcern.Thedestructionoflandthepollutionoftheairandthewaterthechangesinouratmospherethespreadofdiseases—thesefactorsaffecthumanbeingstoo.Amphibiansareespeciallysensitivetoenvironmentalchange.Perhapstheyarelikethecanary金丝雀birdthatcoalminersonceusedtotakedownintotheminestodetectpoisonousgases.Whenthecanarybecameillordiedtheminersknewthatdangerousgaseswerenearandtheirownliveswereindanger. Amphibianslaytheireggs
{{*HTML*}}MemoryTest??1．IamgoingtogiveyoufivetechniquesthatwillenableyoutorememberanythingyouneedtoknowatschoolpromisedlecturerlanRobinsontoahundredschoolchildren.Heslappedhishanddownonthetable.WhenI’vefinishedintwohours’timeyourworkwillbefarmoreeffectiveandproductive.Anyonenotinterestedleavenow.Theentireroomsatstill.??2．RobinsoncallshimselftheMindMagician魔术师.Hespecializesindoingmagictricksthatlooktotallyimpossibleandthenherevealsthattheyinvolvenothingmoremysteriousthangoodold-fashionedtrickery骗术.Ihavealwaysbeeninterestedintricksinvolvingmemory-beingabletoreeloff一口气说出theorderofcardsinapackthatsortofthingheexplains.??3．Robinsonwasalreadylecturingtoschoolsonhismagictechniqueswhenitstruckhimthatstudentsmightfindmemorytechniquesevenmorevaluable.Itwasn’tadifficultareatomoveintoasthestuff’sallthereinbooks.Sohesummarizedeverythingtomakeatwo-hourlectureaboutfivetechniques.??4．Youwanttolearnalistofahundredthings?AthousandNoproblemsaysRobinson.Thescandalisthateverychildisnottaughtthetechniquesfromthebeginningoftheirschoollife.Theschoolchildrenwhowerewatchinghimthoughtitwasbrilliant.IwishI’dbeentoldthisearliercommentedMarkafterRobinsonhadshownthemhowtoconstructmentaljourneys.??5．Essentiallyyouvisualize想象awalkdownastreetoratriproundaroomandpickthepointswhereyouwillputthethingsyouwanttoremember—thelamppostthefruitbowl.Thenineachlocationyouputavisualrepresentationofyourlist—phrasalverbshistoricaldateswhatever—makingthemasstrangeaspossible.Itisthatsimpleanditworks.??6．Thereactionofschoolshasbeenuniformlyenthusiastic.Thepupilsbenefitedenormouslyfromlan’spresentationsaysDr.JohnstonheadoftheschoolwhereRobinsonwasspeaking.Ideallyweshouldrunaregularclassinmemorytechniquessopupilscanpickitupgradually./Paragraph3______
{{*HTML*}}DVDforRent??1．A．pay-for-playsystemforvideoDVDwillemergebysummerasanalternativeandpossiblyacompetitortotheDVD．formatcurrentlyavailable.??2．ThenewsystemcalledDigitalVideoExpressDivxoperateslikeaDVDplayerexceptforthespeciallycodeddiscs.Thesewillcost$5forinitialviewingovera48-hourperiodandcanbeviewedagainforadditionalfeesandevenpurchasedforunlimitedviewing.??3．Divxcombinestheserviceofavideorental出租的storewiththeoperationofapay-per-viewTVchannel.UnlikearentedvideotapethoughtheDivxdiscneedn’tbereturned.Customerscanretainthediscforreplayinthefutureatanadditionalfeeorsimplythrowitaway.??4．Subsequentplaysorthepurchaseofunlimited-viewingrightsarebilledtothecustomer’sDivxaccountandchargedtoacreditcard.Theplayer’sbuilt-inmemorykeepstrackofallDivxplaysandsendsthisinformationbytoll-freephonemodem调制解调器totheDivxrecord-keepingcentre.EachDivxdiscandplayerhasauniqueidentificationcodesothesystemknowswhichdiscshavebeenplayedandwhere.??5．SomeDivxdiscscouldbeconvertedforunlimitedplayatapricelikelytobelowerthanbuyingaconventionalDVD.OtherscalledDivxGoldwouldbesoldfromthebeginningforunlimitedplaywithoutfurthercharge.AlthoughconventionalDVDswillruninaDivxplayerconventionalDVDplayerswilllackthedecodingandcommunicationsabilitytoplay.Divxdiscs.DivxplayerswillbeofferedbyPanasonicRCAandZenith.??6．About100discswillbeavailableinitiallyfromDisneyDreamworksParamountandUniversalgrowingto500titleswithinayear.OtherfilmmakershaveyettoadopttheDivxsystemwhichisownedbyretailerCircuitCitythe350-storeelectronicschainthatbankrolled提供资金itsdevelopment.TheconventionalDVDplayercannotplayanyDivxdiscbecausethedisc______.
{{*HTML*}}DVDforRent??1．A．pay-for-playsystemforvideoDVDwillemergebysummerasanalternativeandpossiblyacompetitortotheDVD．formatcurrentlyavailable.??2．ThenewsystemcalledDigitalVideoExpressDivxoperateslikeaDVDplayerexceptforthespeciallycodeddiscs.Thesewillcost$5forinitialviewingovera48-hourperiodandcanbeviewedagainforadditionalfeesandevenpurchasedforunlimitedviewing.??3．Divxcombinestheserviceofavideorental出租的storewiththeoperationofapay-per-viewTVchannel.UnlikearentedvideotapethoughtheDivxdiscneedn’tbereturned.Customerscanretainthediscforreplayinthefutureatanadditionalfeeorsimplythrowitaway.??4．Subsequentplaysorthepurchaseofunlimited-viewingrightsarebilledtothecustomer’sDivxaccountandchargedtoacreditcard.Theplayer’sbuilt-inmemorykeepstrackofallDivxplaysandsendsthisinformationbytoll-freephonemodem调制解调器totheDivxrecord-keepingcentre.EachDivxdiscandplayerhasauniqueidentificationcodesothesystemknowswhichdiscshavebeenplayedandwhere.??5．SomeDivxdiscscouldbeconvertedforunlimitedplayatapricelikelytobelowerthanbuyingaconventionalDVD.OtherscalledDivxGoldwouldbesoldfromthebeginningforunlimitedplaywithoutfurthercharge.AlthoughconventionalDVDswillruninaDivxplayerconventionalDVDplayerswilllackthedecodingandcommunicationsabilitytoplay.Divxdiscs.DivxplayerswillbeofferedbyPanasonicRCAandZenith.??6．About100discswillbeavailableinitiallyfromDisneyDreamworksParamountandUniversalgrowingto500titleswithinayear.OtherfilmmakershaveyettoadopttheDivxsystemwhichisownedbyretailerCircuitCitythe350-storeelectronicschainthatbankrolled提供资金itsdevelopment.EveryDivxdischasaspecialcodesothattherentalshopcanidentifywhichdisc______.
A．VerySlowRide Thesurfaceoftheearthmayseemverystabletoyou.Butyoumightbeamazedifyouknewsomeofthethingsthataregoingonunderthatsurface. Theearthhasanoutershellofrigidpiecescalledtectonicplates地壳构造板块.Theplatesincludebothoceanflooranddryland.Somehavewholecontinentsontopofthem.Thecontinentsontopoftheplatesarejustgoingalongforaslowridemovingonlyaboutfourinchesperyear.Buteventhissmallmovementcausesthreetypesofbiginteractions. Onetypeisoceanridges.Theseridgesdevelopinplaceswheretwoplatesaremovingawayfromeachother.Astheplatesseparatehotmagma岩浆flowsuptofillthespace.Newcrust地壳buildsupontheplateboundariesandcausesoceanridges.Theseridgesformlongmountainrangeswhichonlyriseabovetheoceansurfaceinafewplaces. Anothertypeofreaction-trenches-occursbetweentwoplatesthataremovingtowardeachother.Astheplatesmeetonebendsdownwardandplungesunderneaththeother.Thisformsdeepoceantrenches.TheMarianasTrenchoffGuaminthewesternPacificOceanhasadepthofmorethan36000feet.Thisisthelowestpointontheoceanfloor.Iftheleadingedgesofthetwocollidingplatescarrycontinentsthenthelayersofrockintheoverridingplatecrumple变皱andfold.AplatethatcarriedwhatisnowIndiacollidedwiththesouthernedgeoftheplatethatcarriedEuropeandmostofAsia.ThiscausedtheHimalayastheworld’shighestmountains. Thethirdreactionistransformfaults转换断层.Thesefaultsoccurwheretwoplatesthataretravelinginoppositedirectionsslidepasteachother.Severeearthquakescanoccur.TheSanAndreasFaultinCaliforniaisagoodexampleofthistypeofmovement. Thispassageismostlyabout
MadScientistStereotypeOutdatedDopeoplestillimagineaphysicistasabeardedmaninglassesorhastheimageofthemadscientistchangedTheInstituteofPhysicssetouttofindoutwhetherthestereotypeofaphysicsboffin科学家stillexistsbyconductingasurveyonshoppersinLondon.Thepeoplewereaskedtoidentifythephysicistfromaphotographofaline-upofpossiblesuspects.98percentofthoseaskedgotitwrong.Themajorityofpeoplepickedawhitemaleofaround60wearingglassesandwithawhitebeard.Whilethisstereotypemayhavebeentheimageofanaveragephysicistfiftyyearsagotherealityisnowverydifferent.Since1960thenumberofyoungwomenenteringphysicshasdoubledandtheaverageageofaphysicistisnow31.Thestereotypeoftheabsent-mindedscientisthaslastedalongtimebecausethemediaandHollywoodhelppromotetheimageofmeninwhitelabcoatswithglassessittingbyblackboardsfullofequations等式orworkingwithfizzing嘶嘶响testtubes.Thesestereotypesarereallydamagingtosociety.Verygoodschoolchildrenareputoffstudyingsciencebecausetheydon’tseepeoplelikethemselvesontelevisionorinmagazinesdoingscience.Theysimplydon’trelatetothemedia’simageofthemadscientist.Thisisonereasonwhyfeweryoungpeoplearechoosingtodoscienceatuniversity.Ifwewanttoencouragemoreyoungpeopletostudysciencesubjectsweneedtochangethisimageofthescientistandmakesciencecareersmoreattractive.Butwemustalsodevelopchildren’sinterestinscience.Inanattempttochangethisnegativeimageanincreasingnumberofsciencefestivalsarebeingorganized.ThousandsofpeoplefromsecondaryschoolsarealsoencouragedtotakepartinnationwidesciencecompetitionsofwhichthemostpopulararethenationalscienceOlympiads.WinningnationalteamsthengettheopportunitytotakepartintheInternationalScienceOlympiadswhichareheldinadifferentcountryeveryyear.Theseeventsareallinterestingfortheyoungpeoplewhotakepartbuttheyonlyinvolveasmallproportionofstudentswhoarealreadyinterestedinscience.Itseemsthatthereisalongwaytogobeforesciencebecomesattractiveassubjectslikecomputerstudiesorfashionanddesign.Morechildrenwillstudyscienceifitbecomesmoreattractive.
{{*HTML*}}EarthAngels??1．JoyingBresciawas8yearsoldwhenshenoticedthatcigarettebutts烟头werelitteringherhometownbeachinIsleofPalmsSouthCarolina.Whenshelearnedthatittakesfiveyearsfortheremainsofacigarettetodisintegrateshedecidedtotakeaction.JoyinglaunchedaNoButtsontheBeachcampaign.Sheraisedmoneyandawarenessabouttheneedtokeepthebeachesclean.WiththehelpofothersJoyingalsoboughtorreceiveddonationsofgallon-sizeplasticice-creambuckets.Thebucketswerefilledwithsandandplacedatallpublic-accessareasofthebeach.Thebucketsallowedpeopletodisposeoftheircigarettesbeforehittingthebeach.TwoyearslaterJoyingsaysthebucketsarefullandthebeachisnearlyfreeofcigarettedebris残片.??2．PeoplewholiveinorvisitSteamboatSpringsColoradohaveCarterDunhamtothankforanewstatewildliferefugethatpreserves20acresofmarshlandandmanyspeciesofwildlife.CarterandotherstudentswroteamanagementplanfortheareaaroundtheYampaRiver.TheplanwaspartofaclassprojectwhenCarterwasafreshmanatSteamboatSpringsHighSchool.WorkingwiththeColoradoDivisionofWildlifeCarterandhisclassmatesmappedtheareaandspeciesofanimalslivingthere.Theyalsomadedecisionsaboutamongotherthingswherefencesandparkingareasshouldbebuilt.??3．BarbaraBrownandherfriendscollectoil.Itstartedasaprojectfortheir4HClubafteroneofthegirlsnoticedherfatherusingmotoroiltokillweedsontheirfarminVictoriaTexas.Theydidsomeresearchanddiscoveredthatoilcancontaminategroundwater—arealdangerinruralareaswherepeopleliveoffthewaterontheirland.Thegirlsresearchedwaystorecycleoilandworkedwithalocaloil-recyclingcompanyontheissue.NowtheDon’tBeCrudeprogramrunsoil-collectionsites—tanksthatholdupto460gallons—wherepeopleinthecommunitycandisposeoftheiroil.??4．Fiveyearsago11-year-oldRyanHreljacwasalittleboywithabigdream:forallthepeopleinAfricatohavecleandrinkingwater.Hisdreambeganinthefirstgradewhenhelearnedthatpeopleweredyingbecausetheydidn’thavecleanwaterandthataslittleas$70couldbuildawell.WereallytakewaterforgrantedsaysRyanofKemptvilleOntarioinCanada.Inothercountriesyouhavetoplanforit.Ryanearnedthefirst$70bydoingextrachores零工butwiththehelpofothershehassinceraisedhundredsofthousandsofdollars.HiseffortsledtothestartoftheRyan’sWellFoundationwhichraisesmoneyforcleanwaterandhealth-relatedservicesforpeopleinAfricancountriesanddevelopingcountries.RyanwiththehelpofothersisfulfillinghisdreamofhelpAfricanpeopleto______.
{{*HTML*}}DVDforRent??1．A．pay-for-playsystemforvideoDVDwillemergebysummerasanalternativeandpossiblyacompetitortotheDVD．formatcurrentlyavailable.??2．ThenewsystemcalledDigitalVideoExpressDivxoperateslikeaDVDplayerexceptforthespeciallycodeddiscs.Thesewillcost$5forinitialviewingovera48-hourperiodandcanbeviewedagainforadditionalfeesandevenpurchasedforunlimitedviewing.??3．Divxcombinestheserviceofavideorental出租的storewiththeoperationofapay-per-viewTVchannel.UnlikearentedvideotapethoughtheDivxdiscneedn’tbereturned.Customerscanretainthediscforreplayinthefutureatanadditionalfeeorsimplythrowitaway.??4．Subsequentplaysorthepurchaseofunlimited-viewingrightsarebilledtothecustomer’sDivxaccountandchargedtoacreditcard.Theplayer’sbuilt-inmemorykeepstrackofallDivxplaysandsendsthisinformationbytoll-freephonemodem调制解调器totheDivxrecord-keepingcentre.EachDivxdiscandplayerhasauniqueidentificationcodesothesystemknowswhichdiscshavebeenplayedandwhere.??5．SomeDivxdiscscouldbeconvertedforunlimitedplayatapricelikelytobelowerthanbuyingaconventionalDVD.OtherscalledDivxGoldwouldbesoldfromthebeginningforunlimitedplaywithoutfurthercharge.AlthoughconventionalDVDswillruninaDivxplayerconventionalDVDplayerswilllackthedecodingandcommunicationsabilitytoplay.Divxdiscs.DivxplayerswillbeofferedbyPanasonicRCAandZenith.??6．About100discswillbeavailableinitiallyfromDisneyDreamworksParamountandUniversalgrowingto500titleswithinayear.OtherfilmmakershaveyettoadopttheDivxsystemwhichisownedbyretailerCircuitCitythe350-storeelectronicschainthatbankrolled提供资金itsdevelopment.Paragraph5______
{{*HTML*}}EarthAngels??1．JoyingBresciawas8yearsoldwhenshenoticedthatcigarettebutts烟头werelitteringherhometownbeachinIsleofPalmsSouthCarolina.Whenshelearnedthatittakesfiveyearsfortheremainsofacigarettetodisintegrateshedecidedtotakeaction.JoyinglaunchedaNoButtsontheBeachcampaign.Sheraisedmoneyandawarenessabouttheneedtokeepthebeachesclean.WiththehelpofothersJoyingalsoboughtorreceiveddonationsofgallon-sizeplasticice-creambuckets.Thebucketswerefilledwithsandandplacedatallpublic-accessareasofthebeach.Thebucketsallowedpeopletodisposeoftheircigarettesbeforehittingthebeach.TwoyearslaterJoyingsaysthebucketsarefullandthebeachisnearlyfreeofcigarettedebris残片.??2．PeoplewholiveinorvisitSteamboatSpringsColoradohaveCarterDunhamtothankforanewstatewildliferefugethatpreserves20acresofmarshlandandmanyspeciesofwildlife.CarterandotherstudentswroteamanagementplanfortheareaaroundtheYampaRiver.TheplanwaspartofaclassprojectwhenCarterwasafreshmanatSteamboatSpringsHighSchool.WorkingwiththeColoradoDivisionofWildlifeCarterandhisclassmatesmappedtheareaandspeciesofanimalslivingthere.Theyalsomadedecisionsaboutamongotherthingswherefencesandparkingareasshouldbebuilt.??3．BarbaraBrownandherfriendscollectoil.Itstartedasaprojectfortheir4HClubafteroneofthegirlsnoticedherfatherusingmotoroiltokillweedsontheirfarminVictoriaTexas.Theydidsomeresearchanddiscoveredthatoilcancontaminategroundwater—arealdangerinruralareaswherepeopleliveoffthewaterontheirland.Thegirlsresearchedwaystorecycleoilandworkedwithalocaloil-recyclingcompanyontheissue.NowtheDon’tBeCrudeprogramrunsoil-collectionsites—tanksthatholdupto460gallons—wherepeopleinthecommunitycandisposeoftheiroil.??4．Fiveyearsago11-year-oldRyanHreljacwasalittleboywithabigdream:forallthepeopleinAfricatohavecleandrinkingwater.Hisdreambeganinthefirstgradewhenhelearnedthatpeopleweredyingbecausetheydidn’thavecleanwaterandthataslittleas$70couldbuildawell.WereallytakewaterforgrantedsaysRyanofKemptvilleOntarioinCanada.Inothercountriesyouhavetoplanforit.Ryanearnedthefirst$70bydoingextrachores零工butwiththehelpofothershehassinceraisedhundredsofthousandsofdollars.HiseffortsledtothestartoftheRyan’sWellFoundationwhichraisesmoneyforcleanwaterandhealth-relatedservicesforpeopleinAfricancountriesanddevelopingcountries.Paragraph2______
MobilePhones:AreTheyabouttoTransformOurLives Welovethemsomuchthatsomeofussleepwiththemunderthepillowyetweareincreasinglyconcernedthatwecannotescapetheirelectronicreach.Weusethemtoconveyourmostintimatesecretsyetweworrythattheyareathreattoourprivacy.WerelyonthemmorethantheInternettocopewithmodernlifeyetmanyofusdon’tbelieveadvertisementssayingweneedmoreadvancedservices. Sweepingasidethedoubtsthatmanypeoplefeelaboutthebenefitsofnewthirdgenerationphonesandfearsoverthehealtheffectsofphonemasts天线竿arecentreportclaimsthatthelong-termeffectsofnewmobiletechnologieswillbeentirelypositivesolongasthepubliccanbeconvincedtomakeuseofthem.Researchaboutusersofmobilephonesrevealsthatthemobilehasalreadymovedbeyondbeingamerepracticalcommunicationstooltobecomethebackbone支柱ofmodernsociallifefromloveaffairstofriendshiptowork.Onefemaleteacher32toldtheresearchers:"Ilovemyphone.It’smyfriend." Thecloserelationshipbetweenuserandphoneismostpronouncedamongteenagersthereportsayswhoregardtheirmobilesasanexpressionoftheiridentity.Thisispartlybecausemobilesareseenasbeingbeyondthecontrolofparents.Buttheresearcherssuggestthatanotherreasonmaybethatmobilesespeciallytextmessagingareseenasawayofovercomingshyness."Textingisoftenusedforapologiestoexcuselatenessortocommunicateotherthingsthatmakeusuncomfortable"thereportsays.Theimpactofphoneshoweverhasbeenlocalratherthanglobalsupportingexistingfriendshipsandnetworksratherthanopeninguserstoanewbroadercommunity.Eventhelanguageoftextinginoneareacanbeincomprehensibletoanybodyfromanotherarea. Amongthemostimportantbenefitsofusingmobilephonesthereportclaimswillbeavastlyimprovedmobileinfrastructure基础设providinggainsthroughouttheeconomyandtheprovisionofamoresophisticatedlocation-basedservicesforusers.Thereportcallsongovernmenttoputmoreeffortintothedeliveryofservicesbymobilephonewithsuggestionsincludingpublictransportandtrafficinformationanddoctors’textmessagestoremindpatientsofappointments."Ilovethatidea"oneusersaidinaninterview."ItwouldmeanIwouldn’thavetowriteahundredmessagestomyself." Therearemanyotherpossibilities.AtarecenttradefairinSwedenamobilenavigationproductwaslaunched.Whentheuserentersadestinationarouteisautomaticallydownloadedtotheirmobileandpresentedbyvoicepicturesandmapsastheydrive.Infuturethesedeviceswillalsobeabletoplanaroundcongestion交通堵塞androadworksinrealtime.Thirdgenerationphoneswillalsoallowforremotemonitoringofpatientsbydoctors.InBritainscientistsaredevelopinganasthma哮喘managementsolutionusingmobilestodetectearlysignsofanattack. Itissuggestedthatmobilephonesshouldbeusedto
IstheTieaNecessityTiesornecktieshavebeenasymbolofpolitenessandeleganceinBritainforcenturies.ButthecasualPrimeMinisterTonyBlairhasproblemswiththem.Reportssuggestthateventhecivilservantsmaystopwearingties.SoarethefamouslyformalBritishreallygoingtoabandonthenecktiesMaybe.LastweektheUK’sCabinetSecretaryAndrewTurnbullopenlywelcomedatielessera.Hehintedthatcivilservantswouldsoonbefreeofthecostliest12inchesoffabricthatmostmeneverbuyintheirlives.InfactBlairshowedthisattitudewhenhehadhisfirstgueststoacocktailparty.Manyofthemwerecelebrities知名人士withouttieswhichwouldhavebeenunimaginableevenintherecentpast.ForsomemoreconservativeBritishthetieisamustforproperappearance.EarlierLaborleaderJimCallaghansaidhewouldhavediedratherthanhavehischildrenseeninpublicwithoutatie.ForpeoplelikeCallaghanthetiewasasignofbeingcompleteofshowingrespect.Menweresupposedtowearatiewhengoingtochurchtoworkintheofficetoaparty—almosteverysocialoccasion.Buttodaypeoplehavebeguntoacceptacasualstyleevenforformaloccasions.Theoriginofthetieistricky.Itstartedassomethingcalledsimplyaband.Thetermcouldmeananythingaroundaman’sneck.Itappearedinfinerwaysinthe1630s.Frenchmenshowedaloveofthisparticularfashionstatement.Theirneckwear颈饰impressedCharlesIIthekingofEnglandwhowasexiled流放toFranceatthattime.WhenhereturnedtoEnglandin1660hebroughtthisnewfashionitemalongwithhim.Itwasn’thoweveruntilthelate18thcenturythatfancyyoungmenintroducedamorecolorfulflowingpieceofcloththateventuallybecameknownasthetie.Thenclubsmilitaryinstitutionsandschoolsbegantousecoloredandpatternedtiestoindicatethewearer’smembershipinthelate19thcentury.AfterthatthetiebecameanecessaryitemofclothingforBritishgentlemen.Butnowevengentlemenaregettingtiredofties.Anywaythedayfeelsabiteasierwhenyouwakeupwithouthavingtodecidewhichtiesuitsyouandyourmood.WhichofthefollowingisNOTasocialoccasion
IstheTieaNecessityTiesornecktieshavebeenasymbolofpolitenessandeleganceinBritainforcenturies.ButthecasualPrimeMinisterTonyBlairhasproblemswiththem.Reportssuggestthateventhecivilservantsmaystopwearingties.SoarethefamouslyformalBritishreallygoingtoabandonthenecktiesMaybe.LastweektheUK’sCabinetSecretaryAndrewTurnbullopenlywelcomedatielessera.Hehintedthatcivilservantswouldsoonbefreeofthecostliest12inchesoffabricthatmostmeneverbuyintheirlives.InfactBlairshowedthisattitudewhenhehadhisfirstgueststoacocktailparty.Manyofthemwerecelebrities知名人士withouttieswhichwouldhavebeenunimaginableevenintherecentpast.ForsomemoreconservativeBritishthetieisamustforproperappearance.EarlierLaborleaderJimCallaghansaidhewouldhavediedratherthanhavehischildrenseeninpublicwithoutatie.ForpeoplelikeCallaghanthetiewasasignofbeingcompleteofshowingrespect.Menweresupposedtowearatiewhengoingtochurchtoworkintheofficetoaparty—almosteverysocialoccasion.Buttodaypeoplehavebeguntoacceptacasualstyleevenforformaloccasions.Theoriginofthetieistricky.Itstartedassomethingcalledsimplyaband.Thetermcouldmeananythingaroundaman’sneck.Itappearedinfinerwaysinthe1630s.Frenchmenshowedaloveofthisparticularfashionstatement.Theirneckwear颈饰impressedCharlesIIthekingofEnglandwhowasexiled流放toFranceatthattime.WhenhereturnedtoEnglandin1660hebroughtthisnewfashionitemalongwithhim.Itwasn’thoweveruntilthelate18thcenturythatfancyyoungmenintroducedamorecolorfulflowingpieceofcloththateventuallybecameknownasthetie.Thenclubsmilitaryinstitutionsandschoolsbegantousecoloredandpatternedtiestoindicatethewearer’smembershipinthelate19thcentury.AfterthatthetiebecameanecessaryitemofclothingforBritishgentlemen.Butnowevengentlemenaregettingtiredofties.Anywaythedayfeelsabiteasierwhenyouwakeupwithouthavingtodecidewhichtiesuitsyouandyourmood.WhendidBritishgentlemenbegintoweartiesregularly
TryingtoFindaPartnerOneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpollintheUKisthatofthepeopleinterviewedoneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostartafamilywith.WhyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationshipsDoesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinloveOrarewemakingitharderforourselvesItiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn’texpecthisspousetobeinsolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren.Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeansthatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence.Intheoryfindingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsagoyourchoiceofsoulmate心上人wasconstrainedbygeographysocialconventionandfamilytradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicitmanymarriageswereessentiallyarranged.Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeoninanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster牡蛎yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl.Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraint:thetyrannyofchoice.Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflatedtoanunmanageabledegree:goodlooksimpressivesalarykindtograndmotherandrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression.Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn’titisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon’tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcoursethisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership.WhichofthefollowingisNOTexpectedofapartneraccordingtothispassage
IstheTieaNecessityTiesornecktieshavebeenasymbolofpolitenessandeleganceinBritainforcenturies.ButthecasualPrimeMinisterTonyBlairhasproblemswiththem.Reportssuggestthateventhecivilservantsmaystopwearingties.SoarethefamouslyformalBritishreallygoingtoabandonthenecktiesMaybe.LastweektheUK’sCabinetSecretaryAndrewTurnbullopenlywelcomedatielessera.Hehintedthatcivilservantswouldsoonbefreeofthecostliest12inchesoffabricthatmostmeneverbuyintheirlives.InfactBlairshowedthisattitudewhenhehadhisfirstgueststoacocktailparty.Manyofthemwerecelebrities知名人士withouttieswhichwouldhavebeenunimaginableevenintherecentpast.ForsomemoreconservativeBritishthetieisamustforproperappearance.EarlierLaborleaderJimCallaghansaidhewouldhavediedratherthanhavehischildrenseeninpublicwithoutatie.ForpeoplelikeCallaghanthetiewasasignofbeingcompleteofshowingrespect.Menweresupposedtowearatiewhengoingtochurchtoworkintheofficetoaparty—almosteverysocialoccasion.Buttodaypeoplehavebeguntoacceptacasualstyleevenforformaloccasions.Theoriginofthetieistricky.Itstartedassomethingcalledsimplyaband.Thetermcouldmeananythingaroundaman’sneck.Itappearedinfinerwaysinthe1630s.Frenchmenshowedaloveofthisparticularfashionstatement.Theirneckwear颈饰impressedCharlesIIthekingofEnglandwhowasexiled流放toFranceatthattime.WhenhereturnedtoEnglandin1660hebroughtthisnewfashionitemalongwithhim.Itwasn’thoweveruntilthelate18thcenturythatfancyyoungmenintroducedamorecolorfulflowingpieceofcloththateventuallybecameknownasthetie.Thenclubsmilitaryinstitutionsandschoolsbegantousecoloredandpatternedtiestoindicatethewearer’smembershipinthelate19thcentury.AfterthatthetiebecameanecessaryitemofclothingforBritishgentlemen.Butnowevengentlemenaregettingtiredofties.Anywaythedayfeelsabiteasierwhenyouwakeupwithouthavingtodecidewhichtiesuitsyouandyourmood.Thetiesymbolizesallofthefollowingexcept
{{*HTML*}}MemoryTest??1．IamgoingtogiveyoufivetechniquesthatwillenableyoutorememberanythingyouneedtoknowatschoolpromisedlecturerlanRobinsontoahundredschoolchildren.Heslappedhishanddownonthetable.WhenI’vefinishedintwohours’timeyourworkwillbefarmoreeffectiveandproductive.Anyonenotinterestedleavenow.Theentireroomsatstill.??2．RobinsoncallshimselftheMindMagician魔术师.Hespecializesindoingmagictricksthatlooktotallyimpossibleandthenherevealsthattheyinvolvenothingmoremysteriousthangoodold-fashionedtrickery骗术.Ihavealwaysbeeninterestedintricksinvolvingmemory-beingabletoreeloff一口气说出theorderofcardsinapackthatsortofthingheexplains.??3．Robinsonwasalreadylecturingtoschoolsonhismagictechniqueswhenitstruckhimthatstudentsmightfindmemorytechniquesevenmorevaluable.Itwasn’tadifficultareatomoveintoasthestuff’sallthereinbooks.Sohesummarizedeverythingtomakeatwo-hourlectureaboutfivetechniques.??4．Youwanttolearnalistofahundredthings?AthousandNoproblemsaysRobinson.Thescandalisthateverychildisnottaughtthetechniquesfromthebeginningoftheirschoollife.Theschoolchildrenwhowerewatchinghimthoughtitwasbrilliant.IwishI’dbeentoldthisearliercommentedMarkafterRobinsonhadshownthemhowtoconstructmentaljourneys.??5．Essentiallyyouvisualize想象awalkdownastreetoratriproundaroomandpickthepointswhereyouwillputthethingsyouwanttoremember—thelamppostthefruitbowl.Thenineachlocationyouputavisualrepresentationofyourlist—phrasalverbshistoricaldateswhatever—makingthemasstrangeaspossible.Itisthatsimpleanditworks.??6．Thereactionofschoolshasbeenuniformlyenthusiastic.Thepupilsbenefitedenormouslyfromlan’spresentationsaysDr.JohnstonheadoftheschoolwhereRobinsonwasspeaking.Ideallyweshouldrunaregularclassinmemorytechniquessopupilscanpickitupgradually./Theschoolchildrengotalotfromthemagician’s______.
{{*HTML*}}Cloning克隆:FuturePerfect???1．Acloneisanexactcopyofaplantoranimalproducedfromanyonecell.SinceScottishscientistsreportedthattheyhadmanagedtocloneasheepnamedDollyin1997researchintocloninghasgrownrapidly.InMay1998scientistsinMassachusettsmanagedtocreatetwoidenticalcalves牛犊usingcloningtechnology.Amousehasalsobeenclonedsuccessfully.ButthedebateovercloninghumansreallystartedwhenChicagophysicistRichardSeedmadeasurprisingannouncement:Wewillhavemanagedtocloneahumanbeingwithinthenexttwoyears.hetoldtheworld.??2．Seed’sannouncementprovokedalotofmediaattentionmostofitnegative.InEuropenineteennationshavealreadysignedanagreementbanninghumancloningandintheU.S.thePresidentannounced:WewillbeintroducingalawtobanallhumancloningandmanystatesintheU.S.willhavepassedanti-cloninglawsbytheendoftheyear.??3．Manyresearchersarenotsonegativeaboutcloning.Theyareworriedthatlawsbanninghumancloningwillthreatenimportantresearch.InMarchTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicinecalledanyplantobanresearchoncloninghumansseriouslymistaken.Manyresearchersalsobelievethatinspiteofattemptstobanithumancloningwillhavebecomeroutineby2010becauseitisimpossibletostoptheprogressofscience.??4．Istherereasontofearthatcloningwillleadtoanightmareword?Thepublichasbeenbombarded轰炸withnewspaperarticlestelevisionshowsandfilmsaswellascartoons.Suchinformationisoftenmisleadingandmakespeoplewonderwhatonearththescientistswillbedoingnext.??5．Withinthenextfivetotenyearsscientistswillprobablyhavefoundawayofcloninghumans.Itcouldbethatprettysoonwewillbeabletochoosethepersonthatwewantourchildtolooklike.Buthowwoulditfeeltobeacloneamonghundredstheanti-clonersask.Prettycoolanswerthepro-cloners赞成克隆的人.Withintenyearsscientistswillprobablyhave______.
{{*HTML*}}Cloning克隆:FuturePerfect???1．Acloneisanexactcopyofaplantoranimalproducedfromanyonecell.SinceScottishscientistsreportedthattheyhadmanagedtocloneasheepnamedDollyin1997researchintocloninghasgrownrapidly.InMay1998scientistsinMassachusettsmanagedtocreatetwoidenticalcalves牛犊usingcloningtechnology.Amousehasalsobeenclonedsuccessfully.ButthedebateovercloninghumansreallystartedwhenChicagophysicistRichardSeedmadeasurprisingannouncement:Wewillhavemanagedtocloneahumanbeingwithinthenexttwoyears.hetoldtheworld.??2．Seed’sannouncementprovokedalotofmediaattentionmostofitnegative.InEuropenineteennationshavealreadysignedanagreementbanninghumancloningandintheU.S.thePresidentannounced:WewillbeintroducingalawtobanallhumancloningandmanystatesintheU.S.willhavepassedanti-cloninglawsbytheendoftheyear.??3．Manyresearchersarenotsonegativeaboutcloning.Theyareworriedthatlawsbanninghumancloningwillthreatenimportantresearch.InMarchTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicinecalledanyplantobanresearchoncloninghumansseriouslymistaken.Manyresearchersalsobelievethatinspiteofattemptstobanithumancloningwillhavebecomeroutineby2010becauseitisimpossibletostoptheprogressofscience.??4．Istherereasontofearthatcloningwillleadtoanightmareword?Thepublichasbeenbombarded轰炸withnewspaperarticlestelevisionshowsandfilmsaswellascartoons.Suchinformationisoftenmisleadingandmakespeoplewonderwhatonearththescientistswillbedoingnext.??5．Withinthenextfivetotenyearsscientistswillprobablyhavefoundawayofcloninghumans.Itcouldbethatprettysoonwewillbeabletochoosethepersonthatwewantourchildtolooklike.Buthowwoulditfeeltobeacloneamonghundredstheanti-clonersask.Prettycoolanswerthepro-cloners赞成克隆的人.Paragraph4______
A．VerySlowRide Thesurfaceoftheearthmayseemverystabletoyou.Butyoumightbeamazedifyouknewsomeofthethingsthataregoingonunderthatsurface. Theearthhasanoutershellofrigidpiecescalledtectonicplates地壳构造板块.Theplatesincludebothoceanflooranddryland.Somehavewholecontinentsontopofthem.Thecontinentsontopoftheplatesarejustgoingalongforaslowridemovingonlyaboutfourinchesperyear.Buteventhissmallmovementcausesthreetypesofbiginteractions. Onetypeisoceanridges.Theseridgesdevelopinplaceswheretwoplatesaremovingawayfromeachother.Astheplatesseparatehotmagma岩浆flowsuptofillthespace.Newcrust地壳buildsupontheplateboundariesandcausesoceanridges.Theseridgesformlongmountainrangeswhichonlyriseabovetheoceansurfaceinafewplaces. Anothertypeofreaction-trenches-occursbetweentwoplatesthataremovingtowardeachother.Astheplatesmeetonebendsdownwardandplungesunderneaththeother.Thisformsdeepoceantrenches.TheMarianasTrenchoffGuaminthewesternPacificOceanhasadepthofmorethan36000feet.Thisisthelowestpointontheoceanfloor.Iftheleadingedgesofthetwocollidingplatescarrycontinentsthenthelayersofrockintheoverridingplatecrumple变皱andfold.AplatethatcarriedwhatisnowIndiacollidedwiththesouthernedgeoftheplatethatcarriedEuropeandmostofAsia.ThiscausedtheHimalayastheworld’shighestmountains. Thethirdreactionistransformfaults转换断层.Thesefaultsoccurwheretwoplatesthataretravelinginoppositedirectionsslidepasteachother.Severeearthquakescanoccur.TheSanAndreasFaultinCaliforniaisagoodexampleofthistypeofmovement. TheSanAndreasFaultisanexampleof
MadScientistStereotypeOutdatedDopeoplestillimagineaphysicistasabeardedmaninglassesorhastheimageofthemadscientistchangedTheInstituteofPhysicssetouttofindoutwhetherthestereotypeofaphysicsboffin科学家stillexistsbyconductingasurveyonshoppersinLondon.Thepeoplewereaskedtoidentifythephysicistfromaphotographofaline-upofpossiblesuspects.98percentofthoseaskedgotitwrong.Themajorityofpeoplepickedawhitemaleofaround60wearingglassesandwithawhitebeard.Whilethisstereotypemayhavebeentheimageofanaveragephysicistfiftyyearsagotherealityisnowverydifferent.Since1960thenumberofyoungwomenenteringphysicshasdoubledandtheaverageageofaphysicistisnow31.Thestereotypeoftheabsent-mindedscientisthaslastedalongtimebecausethemediaandHollywoodhelppromotetheimageofmeninwhitelabcoatswithglassessittingbyblackboardsfullofequations等式orworkingwithfizzing嘶嘶响testtubes.Thesestereotypesarereallydamagingtosociety.Verygoodschoolchildrenareputoffstudyingsciencebecausetheydon’tseepeoplelikethemselvesontelevisionorinmagazinesdoingscience.Theysimplydon’trelatetothemedia’simageofthemadscientist.Thisisonereasonwhyfeweryoungpeoplearechoosingtodoscienceatuniversity.Ifwewanttoencouragemoreyoungpeopletostudysciencesubjectsweneedtochangethisimageofthescientistandmakesciencecareersmoreattractive.Butwemustalsodevelopchildren’sinterestinscience.Inanattempttochangethisnegativeimageanincreasingnumberofsciencefestivalsarebeingorganized.ThousandsofpeoplefromsecondaryschoolsarealsoencouragedtotakepartinnationwidesciencecompetitionsofwhichthemostpopulararethenationalscienceOlympiads.WinningnationalteamsthengettheopportunitytotakepartintheInternationalScienceOlympiadswhichareheldinadifferentcountryeveryyear.Theseeventsareallinterestingfortheyoungpeoplewhotakepartbuttheyonlyinvolveasmallproportionofstudentswhoarealreadyinterestedinscience.Itseemsthatthereisalongwaytogobeforesciencebecomesattractiveassubjectslikecomputerstudiesorfashionanddesign.TheInternationalScienceOlympiadsareheldonceeverytwoyears.
TryingtoFindaPartnerOneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpollintheUKisthatofthepeopleinterviewedoneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostartafamilywith.WhyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationshipsDoesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinloveOrarewemakingitharderforourselvesItiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn’texpecthisspousetobeinsolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren.Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeansthatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence.Intheoryfindingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsagoyourchoiceofsoulmate心上人wasconstrainedbygeographysocialconventionandfamilytradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicitmanymarriageswereessentiallyarranged.Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeoninanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster牡蛎yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl.Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraint:thetyrannyofchoice.Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflatedtoanunmanageabledegree:goodlooksimpressivesalarykindtograndmotherandrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression.Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn’titisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon’tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcoursethisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutacontemporarymarriedcouple
{{*HTML*}}Cloning克隆:FuturePerfect???1．Acloneisanexactcopyofaplantoranimalproducedfromanyonecell.SinceScottishscientistsreportedthattheyhadmanagedtocloneasheepnamedDollyin1997researchintocloninghasgrownrapidly.InMay1998scientistsinMassachusettsmanagedtocreatetwoidenticalcalves牛犊usingcloningtechnology.Amousehasalsobeenclonedsuccessfully.ButthedebateovercloninghumansreallystartedwhenChicagophysicistRichardSeedmadeasurprisingannouncement:Wewillhavemanagedtocloneahumanbeingwithinthenexttwoyears.hetoldtheworld.??2．Seed’sannouncementprovokedalotofmediaattentionmostofitnegative.InEuropenineteennationshavealreadysignedanagreementbanninghumancloningandintheU.S.thePresidentannounced:WewillbeintroducingalawtobanallhumancloningandmanystatesintheU.S.willhavepassedanti-cloninglawsbytheendoftheyear.??3．Manyresearchersarenotsonegativeaboutcloning.Theyareworriedthatlawsbanninghumancloningwillthreatenimportantresearch.InMarchTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicinecalledanyplantobanresearchoncloninghumansseriouslymistaken.Manyresearchersalsobelievethatinspiteofattemptstobanithumancloningwillhavebecomeroutineby2010becauseitisimpossibletostoptheprogressofscience.??4．Istherereasontofearthatcloningwillleadtoanightmareword?Thepublichasbeenbombarded轰炸withnewspaperarticlestelevisionshowsandfilmsaswellascartoons.Suchinformationisoftenmisleadingandmakespeoplewonderwhatonearththescientistswillbedoingnext.??5．Withinthenextfivetotenyearsscientistswillprobablyhavefoundawayofcloninghumans.Itcouldbethatprettysoonwewillbeabletochoosethepersonthatwewantourchildtolooklike.Buthowwoulditfeeltobeacloneamonghundredstheanti-clonersask.Prettycoolanswerthepro-cloners赞成克隆的人.Paragraph2______
{{*HTML*}}EarthAngels??1．JoyingBresciawas8yearsoldwhenshenoticedthatcigarettebutts烟头werelitteringherhometownbeachinIsleofPalmsSouthCarolina.Whenshelearnedthatittakesfiveyearsfortheremainsofacigarettetodisintegrateshedecidedtotakeaction.JoyinglaunchedaNoButtsontheBeachcampaign.Sheraisedmoneyandawarenessabouttheneedtokeepthebeachesclean.WiththehelpofothersJoyingalsoboughtorreceiveddonationsofgallon-sizeplasticice-creambuckets.Thebucketswerefilledwithsandandplacedatallpublic-accessareasofthebeach.Thebucketsallowedpeopletodisposeoftheircigarettesbeforehittingthebeach.TwoyearslaterJoyingsaysthebucketsarefullandthebeachisnearlyfreeofcigarettedebris残片.??2．PeoplewholiveinorvisitSteamboatSpringsColoradohaveCarterDunhamtothankforanewstatewildliferefugethatpreserves20acresofmarshlandandmanyspeciesofwildlife.CarterandotherstudentswroteamanagementplanfortheareaaroundtheYampaRiver.TheplanwaspartofaclassprojectwhenCarterwasafreshmanatSteamboatSpringsHighSchool.WorkingwiththeColoradoDivisionofWildlifeCarterandhisclassmatesmappedtheareaandspeciesofanimalslivingthere.Theyalsomadedecisionsaboutamongotherthingswherefencesandparkingareasshouldbebuilt.??3．BarbaraBrownandherfriendscollectoil.Itstartedasaprojectfortheir4HClubafteroneofthegirlsnoticedherfatherusingmotoroiltokillweedsontheirfarminVictoriaTexas.Theydidsomeresearchanddiscoveredthatoilcancontaminategroundwater—arealdangerinruralareaswherepeopleliveoffthewaterontheirland.Thegirlsresearchedwaystorecycleoilandworkedwithalocaloil-recyclingcompanyontheissue.NowtheDon’tBeCrudeprogramrunsoil-collectionsites—tanksthatholdupto460gallons—wherepeopleinthecommunitycandisposeoftheiroil.??4．Fiveyearsago11-year-oldRyanHreljacwasalittleboywithabigdream:forallthepeopleinAfricatohavecleandrinkingwater.Hisdreambeganinthefirstgradewhenhelearnedthatpeopleweredyingbecausetheydidn’thavecleanwaterandthataslittleas$70couldbuildawell.WereallytakewaterforgrantedsaysRyanofKemptvilleOntarioinCanada.Inothercountriesyouhavetoplanforit.Ryanearnedthefirst$70bydoingextrachores零工butwiththehelpofothershehassinceraisedhundredsofthousandsofdollars.HiseffortsledtothestartoftheRyan’sWellFoundationwhichraisesmoneyforcleanwaterandhealth-relatedservicesforpeopleinAfricancountriesanddevelopingcountries.PeoplearegratefultoCarterDunhamforhiseffortsto______.
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