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The bedroom door opened and a light went on, signaling an end to nap time.The toddle（初学走路的婴儿）, slee...
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InearliesttimesmenconsideredlightningtobeoneofthegreatmysteriesofnaturE.Someancientpeoplebelievedthatlightningandthunderweretheweaponsofthegods.Inrealitylightningisaflowofelectricityformedhighabovetheearth.A.singleflashoflightning1.6kilometreslonghasenoughelectricitytolightonemillionlightbulbs.TheAmericanscientistandstatesmanBenjaminFranklinwasthefirsttoshowtheconnectionbetweenelectricityandlightningin1752.Inthesameyearhealsobuiltthefirstlightningrod避雷针.Thisdeviceprotectsbuildingsfrombeingdamagedbylightning.Modernsciencehasdiscoveredthatonestrokeoflightninghasavoltage电压ofmorethan15millionvolts伏特.A.flashoflightningbetweenacloudandtheearthmaybeaslongas13kilometersandtravelataspeedof30millionmetersperseconD.Scientistsjudgethatthereareabout2000millionflashesoflightningperyear.LightninghitstheEmpireStateBuildinginNewYorkCity30to48timesayear.IntheUnitedStatesaloneitkillsanaverageofonepersoneveryday.Thesafestplacetobeincaseofanelectricalstormisinaclosedcar.Outsideoneshouldgotolowgroundandnotgetundertress.Alsooneshouldstayoutofwaterandawayfrommetalfences.Insideahousepeopleshouldavoidopendoorwaysandwindowsandnottouchwiresormetalthings.Withlightningitisbettertobesafethansorry.47.Peopleoncethoughtlightningcamefrom________.A.theskyB.thegodsC.theearthD.nature48.Accordingtothepassagewhatdoyouthinkallbuildingsneed?A.Metalfences.B.Electricity.C.Lightningrods.D.Machines.49.Lightningcantravel________.A.asquicklyaswaterB.notsoquicklyaselectricityC.atverylowspeedD.atveryhighspeed50.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.IntheU.Saboutonepersonperdaydiesfromlightning.B.TheEmpireStateBuildingfrequentlygetshitbylightning.C.SwimmingduringathunderstormisagoodideA.D.A.closedcaristhebestplacetobeduringanelectricalstorm.
Isgrowthgoodforbiodiversity生物多样性?Toanswerthequestionitiscriticaltodefinewhatwemeanbygrowth.IsgrowthgrossdomesticproductGDPthemonetaryvalueofallthefinishedgoodswithinacountry'sborders?Ordoesitmeanimprovingthehumanstandardofliving?TodaywhenpeoplesaygrowththeymeanGDPameasurethatisover70yearsolD.ActuallyGDPdemonstratesnegativeimplicationsforbiodiversityasthisgrowthmeasuresonlymoneyinflowswhilefarmoreimportantisthebalancesheetwhichshowspropertiesanddebts.AsbiodiversitydeliversnocashithasnoplaceinGDPsystembutbiodiversityprovidestheassetsideofthebalancesheetsuchasforestsriverswetlandsandanimals—thelistgoeson.ItisarguedthatgrowthisgoodforbiodiversityinthelongrunasthereisanenvironmentalKuznetscurvewhereenvironmentalconditionsgetworseintheearlystagesofmoderneconomicgrowthbutimproveonceagrowthlevelhasbeenreacheD.AccordingtosomepeopleonceGDPhasbeenhighmoreresourcesaretoinvestinconservationandnewtechnologiesareusedtoprotectthenaturE.TheysaidpeoplewouldhavemoreinterestinprotectingtheenvironmentandsomeoftheforestsstartedtoreturnandmanypollutantswerealmosteliminateD.StandinginAmericatodayitmightappearthattheenvironmentalKuznetscurveworks.AtfirstsightthereappearstobealogiC.TodaytheUSGDPisincreasingwhilemanypreciousspeciespopulationsarealsorecovering?Suchconditionsaccordingtosomepeoplecanbeexplainedbygreaterefficiencyincarsormoreefficientagriculturalproduction.ButinfactthemajorityofthenegativeimpactshavesimplybeenexporteD.Thehigh-pollutingindustrieshavebeenoutsourcedtodevelopingnations.ThereforethebitterestpunishmentsarelargelyfeltbeyondtheborderswhileweAmericansareenjoyinghighGDPandselfishbiodiversityatthesametimE.ThiscanbeseenintheWWFannualReportwherespeciespopulationtrendsareincreasingby7%inhigh-incomecountriesanddeclininginmiddle-andlow-incomecountriesby31%and60%respectively.Itisself-evidentthatgrowthascurrentlydefinedhasamajornegativeimpactuponbiodiversity.WhatneedstochangeisthedefinitionofgrowthfromaGDP-essentialconcepttoabalance-sheetapproach.OrganisationsandworldcommunityshouldworkoncreatingnewvisionorreformthatwillhelpensurearealbalancebetweenanimprovingstandardofhumanlifeandathrivingbiodiverselandscapE.74.Accordingtothepassagetheauthor’sopiniontowardGDPisthatGDP______.A.hasnothingtodowithbiodiversityasitservesasaneconomicrulerB.shouldn'thaveignoredbiodiversityasitdoesgoodtobalancesheetC.isout-datedasitleavesoutproductionsoutsideacountry’sbordersD.isausefuleconomicindicatorasithonestlyfollowstheKuznetscurve75.TheenvironmentalKuznetscurveisseeminglyworkingbecause______.A.whenUSeconomyisstrongpeoplehavemoreinterestinenvironmentprotectionB.highGDPhelpstointroducehightechnologyforenvironmentprotectionC.greatfuelefficiencyincarsandagriculturehelpstoprotectenvironmentD.theUSmakesotherweaknationstaketheharmfulconsequences76.Theauthor’smainopinionaboutgrowth-biodiversityisthat______.A.there’snoclearrelationshipbetweengrowthandbiodiversityB.growthharmsbiodiversitywithtoday’sGDP-centredsystemC.biodiversityconditionagreeswithacountry’seconomicgrowthD.theauthorisnotsureabouttheexactinfluenceofgrowthonbiodiversity77.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.GDPfocusesonbalancesheetratherthanmonetaryincreasE.B.WithinbordersAmericaisenjoyingabetterbiodiversityrightnow.C.Manylow-incomenationsarehavingahigherGDPgrowththantheU.S.D.Creativewayshavebeenfoundtobalancelifestandardandbiodiversity.
Zoosdivideopinion:therearethosewhothinkitiscruel残忍的tokeepanimalslockedupwhileothersbelievezoosareimportantforthesurvivalofendangeredspecies.Tothinkthatzoosimprisonanimalsistomisunderstandwhatzoosareabout.Withoutzoosmanyofthecreaturesweloveandadmirewouldnolongerexist.Everysingledayoveronehundredanimalspeciesvanish.Scientistspredictthatasearlyas2050onequarteroftheEarth’sspecieswillbecomeextinct绝种的.SomeanimalsareindangerbecausetheyarehunteD.Worriedlythepopulationoftigershasalreadyfallenbyninety-fivepercent.OtherspeciesareindangerbecauseofalackoffooD.Forexampletherearefewerthan1300giantpandasleftinthewilD.Zooshavespecialbreedingprogramstohelpthoseanimalsindanger.Thesebreedingprogramsareprovingverysuccessful.AsIreneShapirofromZooandWildlifeSupportsaysthePuertoRicanParrothasgrowninnumbersfromjustthirteentoabouteighty-fiveandtheGoldenLionTamarinMonkeywhichhasalmostdiedouttwentyyearsagohasbeenreintroducedbackintothewilD.Unfortunatelynoteveryoneunderstandsthisimportantrolezoosplay.ForexampleBrianFeatherstonefromtheAnti-ZooForumsaysIcan’tbelievewetakeanimalsfromthewildandputthemincagesfortheentertainmentofthepublic!WeshouldviewthemonfilmorTVintheirnaturalenvironment.Howeverthismissesthepoint.A.zoodoesmorethandisplayanimalstothepubliC.Itensurestheirsurvival.WithoutzoosyouwouldnotbeabletoseemanyoftheseanimalsonTVoranywhereelse!67.What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardszoos?A.Heshowsnoopinioneitherfororagainstthem.B.Hethinksthattheyareunnecessaryandcruel.C.HebelievestheyplayanimportantenvironmentalrolE.D.Heexpressesadesirethatmoreofthembebuilt.68.TheunderlinedwordvanishinParagraph2mostprobablymeans_________.A.remainB.disappearC.becomerarerD.getkilled69.Accordingtothepassagesomepeopledonotagreewithzoosbecausethey________.A.aretooexpensivetorunB.putanimalsindangerC.donotprovideenoughfoodD.keepanimalslockedup70.Accordingtothewriterthemostimportantfunctionofthezooisto_________.A.makealotofmoneyB.entertainvisitorsC.ensureanimals’survivalD.educatethepublic
Thewheelwasoneofman’sfirstinventionsandyetithasalsoprovedoneofthemostuseful.Sowideandvariedaretheusesofthewheelsinmachinesandvehiclesofallkindsthatitisdifficulttoimaginewhattheworldwouldbelikewithoutthem.Itissurprisingtohearitsaidthereforethatthewheel’simportancewillperhapsbegreatlyreducedbytheendofthecenturybyaninventionsonewastobestillunnameD.Theinventionisamachinethefloatsaboveanysurfaceonacushionofair.Thecushionisformedwhenairisblownintothissaucerthemachinerisestoaheightthatmayvaryfromafewinchestoafewfeet.Industryisalreadyusingoneformoftheinversiontodealwithheavyloads.Itcanliftthem.witheaseandsincetherearenowheelsandthereforenofrictiontheycanbeputintomotionwiththetouchofafinger.ThenewinventionhoweverishavingagreateffectontransportNotonlydoesitmakeexpensiveroadsystemsunnecessarybutitenablesvehiclestotravelwelloverlandorwater.Thisuniquetoreachmostdestinationshasgivenrisetothepredictionthatwheeledvehiclesmaybeuncommonattheendthecenturyasaeroplaneswereatthebeginning.60.Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat______.A.thewheelwasman’searliestinvention.B.thewheel’susefulnesshasyettobeproveD.C.widewheelshaveavarietyofimportantuses.D.anewinventionmaymakewheelslessimportant.61.Thephrasewiththetouchofafingerinthethirdparagraphmeans______.A.withoutdifficultyB.byelectricity.C.withoutfrictionD.byhanD.62.Thepassagetellsusthatthenewinvention__________.A.ismoreimportantforindustrythanfortransport.B.willonedaybeusedinsteadofaeroplanes.C.makesitpossibletotravelwithoutusingroads.D.willreplacewheeledvehiclesusingroads.63.Accordingtothepassagethenewinvention_______.A.willsoongetanameB.cangoalmostanywhereC.islighterthanairD.wasuncommonacenturyago
Ofthethousandsofdifferentkindsofanimalsthatexistintheworldmanhaslearnedtomakefriendswithanenormousnumber.Somearepetsandofferhimcompanionshipsomegiveprotectionandsomedohardworkwhichmancannotdoforhimself.Dogswhichservemaninallthreecapacities能力arefoundinvariousspeciesinallcountriesoftheworlD.TheHuskycanliveinthecoldpolarregionsandtheSalukiisathomeinthehottestpartsofCentralAfricA.Theinhabitants居民ofcertaincountriesaredependentfortheirverylivesonthecamel.IntheWestIndiesthelittledonkeystrongandsure-footedcarryingheavyloadseveninmountainousplacesisafamiliarsight.Trainedandtamedformanygenerationsdomesticanimalsarenotaccustomedtoroaminginsearchoffoodandshelter.TheylooktotheirmasterstoprovidefortheirneedsandaslongasthesearesuppliedtheyarecontenttodowhattheirmastersrequirE.Alldomesticanimalsneedproperfood.Itmustbesuitableforthemsufficientinquantityfreshandclean.Somepeoplefeedapetdogorcatonoddsandendsoftablescraps剩饭andthenwonderwhytheanimalseemstiredanddull.Thequantityoffooddependsonthesizeoftheanimalandtheamountofexerciseittakes.Overfeedingisasbadasunderfeeding.Containersforfoodandwatermustbewashedregularlyiftheanimalistomaintaingoodhealth.Evenwell-cared-foranimalsmaysometimesfallill.Ifthishappensthewisemasterseeksthebestadvicehecanget.AllsortsofmedicinesandtreatmentsareavailableforsickanimalsandinsomecountriesorganizationsexisttoprovidethemfreeofatacheappricE.Usefulfriendlyhardworkinganimalsdeservetohavesometimemoneyandattentionspentontheirhealth.【小题1】.Whatmainideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?A.ThereexiststhousandsofspeciesofanimalsintheworlD.B.Mancametoestablishacloserelationshipwithanumberofanimals.C.Insomeregionsadonkeyseemstobeaveryusefulbeast.D.AnanimalwillbeuselessunlessdomesticateD.【小题2】.Whenananimaldoesn’tgetenoughfooditwillprobablyA.refusetoobeyitsmasterB.immediatelyfallillC.requireitsmastertooffersomefoodD.seekforfoodonitsown【小题3】.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofdogsaccordingtothepassage?A.Theycanactasfriendsguardsandservantstoman.B.Theyhavegreatadaptationfortheenvironment.C.ThereliveagreatvarietyofspeciesofdogsontheglobE.D.TheHuskyandtheSalukiarethestrongestspecieseverknownintheworld【小题4】.TokeepadomesticanimalphysicallyfititsownerisadvisedA.nottohesitatetospendenormousamountofmoneyonitB.topayattentiontoitsproperfeedingC.nottoallowittotakeexcessiveamountsofexerciseD.tojoinsomesortofpet-keepingorganizations【小题5】.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.DomesticatedAnimals-Man’sBestFriendsB.ProperDiet-theRoadtoHealthC.TheAdvantagesofRaisingDomesticAnimalsD.SomeTipsonPet-keeping
NowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalminD.Youcansitonthesideandwatchquietly.Mostlikelyyouwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepagesasthedeadlinedrawsnear.InsteadofstaringatablankstartfillingitwithwordsnomatterhowbaD.Halfwaythroughyouravailabletimestopandreworkyourrawwritingintosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftimeandthefinalresultwillmostlikelybefarbetterthanyourcurrentpractices.36.WhentheauthorsaysthecreativemindandthecriticalmindcannotworkinparallelLine4ParA.1inthewritingprocesshemeans________.A.noonecanbebothcreativeandcriticalB.theycannotberegardedasequallyimportantC.theyareinconstantconflictwitheachotherD.onecannotusethematthesametime37.Whatpreventspeoplefromwritingonis________.A.puttingtheirideasinrawformB.attemptingtoeditastheywriteC.ignoringgrammarrulesD.tryingtoseizefleetingthoughts38.Whatisthechiefaimofthefirststageofwriting?A.Toorganizeone’sthoughtslogically.B.TochooseanappropriatetopiC.C.Togetone’sideasdown.D.Tocollectrawmaterials.39.Onecommonconcernofwritersaboutfreewritingisthat________.A.itoverstressestheroleofthecreativemindB.ittakestoomuchtimetoeditafterwardsC.itmaybringabouttoomuchcriticismD.itdoesnothelpthemtothinkclearly40.Inwhatwaydoesthecriticalmindhelpthewriterinthewritingprocess?A.ItrefineshiswritingintobettershapE.B.Ithelpshimtocomeupwithnewideas.C.Itsavesthewritingtimeavailabletohim.D.ItallowshimtositonthesideandobservE.
Whenweseewellwedonotthinkaboutoureyesveryoften.Itisonlywhenwecannotseeperfectlythatwerealizehowimportantoureyesare.Peoplewhoarenear-sightedcanonlyseethingsthatareveryclosetotheireyes.Everythingelseseemsunclear.Manypeoplewhodoalotofworksuchaswritingreadingandsewingbecomenear-sighted.Thenpeoplewhoarefar-sightedendurejusttheoppositeproblem.Theycanseethingsthatarefarawaybuttheyhavedifficultyinreadingabookunlesstheyholditatarm’slength.Iftheywanttodomuchreadingtheymustgetglassestoo.Otherpeopledonotseeclearlybecausetheireyesarenotexactlytherightshape.Theyhavewhatiscalledastigmatism散光.Thistoocanbecorrectedbyglasses.Somepeople’seyesbecomecloudybecauseofcataracts白内障.Longagothesepeopleoftenbecameblind.Nowhoweveritispossibletooperateonthecataractsandremovethen.Havingtwogoodeyesisimportantforjudgingdistances.Eacheyeseesthingsfromaslightlydifferentangle角度.Toprovethistoyourselflookatanobjectoutofoneeye;thenlookatthesameobjectourofyourothereye.Youwillfindtheobject’srelationtothebackgroundandotherthingsaroundithaschanged.Thedifferencebetweenthesetwodifferenteyeviewshelpsustojudgehowfarawayanobjectis.Peoplewhohaveonlyoneeyecannotjudgedistanceaspeoplewithtwoeyes.61.Weshouldtakegoodcareofoureyes.A.onlywhenwecanseewellB.onlywhenwecannotseeperfectlyC.onlywhenwearenear-sightedorfar-sightedD.evenifwecanseewellorperfectly62.Whenthingsfarawayseemunclearoneisprobably.A.near-sightedB.far-sightedC.astigmaticD.sufferingfromcataracts63.Theunderlinedwordendureinthethirdparagraphprobablymeans.A.experienceB.imagineC.sufferfromD.recoverfrom64.Havingtwoeyesinsteadofoneisparticularlyusefulfor.A.seeingatnightB.seeingobjectsfarawayC.lookingoverawideareaD.judgingdistances65.Peoplewhosufferfromastigmatismhave.A.oneeyebiggerthantheotherB.eyesthatarenotexactlytherightshapeC.adifficultythatcanbecorrectedbyanoperationD.aneyedifficultthatcannotbecorrectedbyglasses.
Watercressispositivelypackedwithhealthyvitaminsandminerals.ThewritingsofboththeRomansandtheAncientGreeksrecordtheconsumptionofwatercressbyallclasses.Hippocratesthefatherofmedicinewassoconvincedthatwatercresswasagreathealerthathebuilthisfirsthospitalnexttoastreamsothathecouldgrowaplentifulsupplyoftheshinygreenleavesforhispatients.TheRomanschewedwatercressinlargequantitiesbelievingthatitwouldcurebaldness.TheytoolookedwithfavoronwatercressasasalaD.Watercresssandwichesweretraditionallyabreakfastiteminnineteenth-centuryEuropE.Themostbasictypeofwatercresssandwichhastwopiecesofwhitebreadwithamixtureofbutterandwatercressgreens.A.nickname绰号forthevegetableinfactwaspoorman’sbreadbecausewatercresswasofteneatenonitsownforbreakfastbyfamiliesthatcouldnotaffordthebreadtogowithit.Watercressisamemberofthemustard芥菜family.ItcontainsvitaminsC66mgper100gKandAandisalsoavaluablesourceofmineralssuchasironpotassiumcopperandcalcium.Themustardoilsinitssilkyleavesandstems茎containaningredientknownasPEITC.RecentresearchhasprovedthatPEITCcanpreventthegrowthofcancercellsandinsomecasesactuallydestroythem.ThebestwatercresshassilkygreenleaveswithoutanymarksandhasundamagedstemsTheoldertheplantthedarkerareitsleavesandthethickeritsstems.Thismeansahigherconcentrationofoilsandvitamins.Youngwatercressontheotherhandmaybeharvestedafteronlytwenty-eightdaysgrowthandhasamildertastE.Itisbesttoeatwatercressfreshandrawtokeepmoreofitsvaluablenutrientsbutitcanbelightlycookedandusedasanalternativetospinach—anotherdarkgreenvegetable—invariousrecipes.FromsoupstosaladswatercressisnowconsideredaroundtheworldasanaturalandhealthysuperfooD.【小题1】56.Fromparagraph1wecanlearnthat________.A.watercressisusuallygrowninwetareasB.theancientGreeksonlyusedwatercressformedicineC.watercressisthemostancientvegetableknowntomanD.theRomansrubbedwatercressontheirheadstocurebaldness【小题2】57.Theunderlinedworditinparagraph2refersto_________.A.butterB.watercressC.breakfastD.bread【小题3】58.whichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutwatercress?A.Itbelongstothesamefamilyasspinach.B.Itcontainsmustardoilsonlyinleaves.C.Itcanhelpguardagainstcancer.D.ItisrichinvitaminsC.andB.【小题4】59.Comparedwitholderwatercressyoungwatercress.A.haslightergreenleavesB.containsmoremineralsC.isbetterformedicaluseD.ismoresuitableforeatingraw【小题5】60.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ThehistoryofwatercressB.watrcressamedicinalplantC.WatercresstheamazingfoodD.Newfindingsaboutwatercress
Sincethe1970sscientistshavebeensearchingforwaystolinkthebrainwithcomputers.Brain-computerinterfaceBCItechnologycouldhelppeoplewithdisabilitiessendcommandstomachines.RecentlytworesearchersJoseMillanandMicheleTavellafromtheFederalPolytechnicSchoolinLausanneSwitzerlanddemonstrated展示asmallroboticwheelchairdirectedbyaperson'sthoughts.InthelaboratoryTavellaoperatedthewheelchairjustbythinkingaboutmovinghisleftorrighthanD.Hecouldeventalkashewatchedthevehicleandguideditwithhisthoughts.Ourbrainhasbillionsofnervecells.Thesesendsignalsthroughthespinalcord脊髓tothemusclestogiveustheabilitytomovE.Butspinalcordinjuriesorotherconditionscanpreventtheseweakelectricalsignalsfromreachingthemuscles.Tavellasays.Oursystemallowsdisabledpeopletocommunicatewithexternalworldandalsotocontroldevices.Theresearchersdesignedaspecialcapfortheuser.Thisheadcoverpicksupthesignalsfromthescalp头皮andsendsthemtoacomputer.Thecomputerinterpretsthesignalsandcommandsthemotorizedwheelchair.Thewheelchairalsohastwocamerasthatidentifyobjectsinitspath.Theyhelpthecomputerreacttocommandsfromthebrain.Prof.Millantheteamleadersaysscientistskeepimprovingthecomputersoftwarethatinterpretsbrainsignalsandturnsthemintosimplecommands.ThepracticalpossibilitiesthatBCItechnologyofferstodisabledpeoplecanbegroupedintwocategories:communicationandcontrollingdevices.Oneexampleisthiswheelchair.Hesayshisteamhassettwogoals.Oneistestingwithrealpatientssoastoprovethatthisisatechnologytheycanbenefitfrom.AndtheotheristoguaranteethattheycanusethetechnologyoverlongperiodsoftimE.46.BCIisatechnologythatcan________.A.helptoupdatecomputersystemsB.linkthehumanbrainwithcomputersC.helpthedisabledtorecoverD.controlaperson'sthoughts47.HowdidTavellaoperatethewheelchairinthelaboratory?A.Bycontrollinghismuscles.B.BytalkingtothemachinE.C.BymovinghishanD.D.ByusinghisminD.48.WhichofthefollowingshowsthepathofthesignalsdescribedinParagraph5?A.scalp→computer→cap→wheelchairB.compute→cap→scalp→wheelchairC.scalp→cap→computer→wheelchairD.cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair49.Theteamwilltestwithrealpatientsto________.A.makeprofitsfromthemB.provethetechnologyusefultothemC.makethemlivelongerD.learnabouttheirphysicalcondition50.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SwitzerlandtheBCIResearchCenterB.NewFindingsAboutHowtheHumanBrainWorksC.BCICouldMeanMoreFreedomfortheDisabledD.RoboticVehiclesCouldHelptoCureBrainInjuries
Compassionisadesirewithinustohelpothers.Witheffortwecantranslatecompassionintoactions.AnexperiencelastweekendshowedmethisistruE.Iworkpart-timeinasupermarketacrossfromabuildingfortheelderly.Theseoldpeopleareoutmaincustomersandit’snothardtolosepatienceovertheirslowness.ButlastSundayoneagedgentlemanappearedtoteachmeavaluablelesson.Thisuntidymanwalkeduptomyregister收款机withaboxofbiscuits.Hesaidhewasoutofcash现金hadjustmovedintohisroomandhadnothinginhiscupboards.Heaskedifwecouldlethimhavethefoodontrust.Hepromisedtorepaymethenextday.Icouldn’thelpstaringathim.Iwonderedwhatkindofpersonhehadbeentenortwentyyearsbeforeandwhathewouldbelikeifluckhadgonehisway.IhadahurtinmyheartforthiskindofhumansoulallaloneintheworlD.ItoldhimthatIwassorrybutstorerulesdidn’tallowmetodoso.IfeltstupidandunkindsayingthisbutIvaluedmyjoB.Justthenanothermanstandingbehindthefirstspokeup.IfanythinghelookedmorepitiablE.ChangeittomewasallhesaiD.WhatIhadbeenfeelingwaspity.Pityissoftandsafeandeasy.Compassionontheotherhandiscaringinaction.Ithankedthesecondmanbuttoldhimthatwasnotallowedeither.ThenIreachedintomypocketandpaidforthebiscuitsmyself.Ireachedintomypocketbecausethesetwomenhadreachedintomyheartandtaughtmecompassion.56.Theagedgentlemanwhowantedtobuythebiscuits_________.A.hopedtohavethefoodfirstandpaylaterB.promisedtoobeythestorerulesC.forgottotakeanymoneywithhimD.couldnotaffordanythingmoreexpensive57.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheoldgentleman?A.kindandluckyB.friendlyandhelpfulC.poorandlonelyD.hurtanddisappointed58.Thewriteracteduponthestorerulesbecause_________.A.hefeltnopityfortheoldgentlemanB.heconsideredtheoldmandishonestC.heexpectedsomeoneelsetopayfortheoldmanD.hewantedtokeephispresentjob59.Whatdoesthewriterlearnfromhisexperience?A.WealthismoreimportantthananythingelseB.ExperienceisbettergainedthroughpracticeC.Obeyingtherulesmeansmorethancompassion.D.Helpingothersiseasiersaidthandone
Animalscanmovefromplacetoplacebutplantscannot.Whenananimalisunderattackitcanrunawayorfightback.Plantscertainlycannotrunawayandtheylackteethandclaws.Butplantscandefendthemselvesbyusingbothphysicalandchemicalmeans.Someplantshavetheirownwaystokeepanimalsaway.Forexampletheleavesofthehollyplanthavesharpspines刺thatdiscouragegrass-eatinganimals.Hollyleavesonlowerbrancheshavemorespinesthanleavesonupperbranches.Thisisbecausethelowerleavesareeasierformostanimalstoreach.Someplantssuchastheoaktreehavethickandhardleavesthataredifficultforanimalstoeat.Somegrassesmaycontainasandymaterial;eatingsuchgrasseswearsdowntheanimal'steeth.Manyplantsalsohavechemicaldefenses.Someplantsproducechemicalsthattastebitterorcauseanunpleasantreaction.Someplantsmayfightagainstanattackbyincreasingtheproductionofthesechemicals.Whenacaterpillar毛虫bitesatobaccoleaftheleafproducesachemicalmessenger.ThismessengersendstotherootstheinformationtoproducemorenicotinE.Thehigherlevelsofnicotinediscouragethecaterpillar.Manyplantsdependonbothphysicalandchemicaldefenses.A.certainplantinChinaforinstancehasprickly多刺的leavesandeachpricklecontainspoisonousvenom毒液A.singleexperiencewiththiskindofplantwillteachananimaltostayawayfromitinthefuturE.49.Thehollyplanthasmorespinesonthelowerleavesbecausemostanimals________.A.cangetthelowerleaveseasilyB.likethelowerleavesonlyC.arenottallenoughD.arenotcleverenough50.Todefendthemselvesoaktreesuse________.A.bitterchemicalsB.sandymaterialsC.chemicalmeansD.physicalmeans51.Howdoestobaccoprotectitselfagainstanattackfromacaterpillar?A.ItsrootsincreasetheproductionofnicotinewhenitisattackedB.Itsrootssendamessengertodiscouragethecaterpillar.C.Itsleavesfightagainsttheattackbyphysicalmeans.D.Itsleavesproducepoisonoussandtodrivethecaterpillaraway.52.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.PlantsandAnimalsB.HowAnimalsEatPlantLeavesC.AttacksandDefensesD.HowPlantsDefendThemselves
Therelationshipbetweenhumansandanimalshasalwaysbeencomplex.Somecultureshavedevelopedentirebeliefsystemsaroundfavoredanimals.Evenincultureswithlessformalbeliefsystemsconnectionsbetweenpeopleandanimalsstillleadtocommonlyacceptedopinionsaboutanimals.Thesebeliefsystemsusuallydeveloparoundtheanimalsthatinteract互动withhumansmostfrequently.Thereforeitshouldnotbesurprisingthatsomanystoriessurroundthemostcommonofanimals:rats.RatslivesidebysidewithhumansallovertheworldandregularlyinteractwithpeoplE.Human-ratcoexistencemaybecommonallaroundtheworldbutdifferentculturesrespondtothatclosenessindifferentways.IntheUnitedStatesandEuropeonetypicalattitudeisthattheratisapest.ThiscouldbeduetothecommonbeliefthatratsspreaddiseasE.Actuallytheydon’tatleastnotdirectlybutmanypeopledon’tknowthat.ThePiedPiperofHamlinawell-knownchildren’sstoryisoneexampleofhowratshavebeendescribedinWesternliterature:inthatstoryratscausesuchaproblemthatatownhastohireapipertocallthemallaway.InmanyLatinAmericancountriestheratisdescribedinaverydifferentway.ThestoryofthetoothfairyafairybelievedbychildrentoleavemoneywhiletheysleepinexchangeforatooththathascomeoutiscommonallovertheworldbutinLatinAmericathefairyisarat!Ratsdohaveverystrongteethwhichcouldexplaintheassociation.ClearlythisshowsanotherattitudetowardratsthatismuchmorepositivE.YetanotherattitudetowardtheratcanbeseenintheChineseZodiac生肖.TheRatisoneoftheanimalsoftheZodiaC.LiketheotherzodiacanimalstheRatisneitherentirelygoodnorentirelybaD.It’sdescribedascleverandfriendlybutalsotrickyandnotentirelyhonest.Thatmaybethemostaccuratedescriptionoftheratsofar.Whetheryoulikeratsornotit’shardtodenytheirreputationforcleverness.Asmanypeoplearediscoveringthesedaysratscanevenmakeexcellentpetssolongasyouremembertoclosethecagecarefully!31.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.A.trendofkeepingratsaspets.B.Howdifferentcultureslookatrats.C.Howhumansgetalongwithanimals.D.Favoredanimalsindifferentcultures.32.TheratsinThePiedPiperofHamlinappear______.A.unpleasantB.honestC.smartD.unusual33.ThetoothfairyinLatinAmericamentionedinParagraph4istoshow______.A.thetoothfairyislovelyB.ratslookveryfrighteningC.ratsarewelcomeinLatinAmericancountriesD.thestoryofthetoothfairyiscommonallovertheworld34.Accordingtotheauthorrats______.A.don’tspreaddiseaseB.shouldbetreatedaspestsC.arefairlydescribedintheChineseZodiacD.arekeptaspetsbymoreandmorepeople35.Thepassageisprobablytakenfroma______.A.travelguideB.newsreportC.naturemagazineD.historytextbook
Oneofthemostwidelyacceptedcommonlyrepeatedassumptions假设inourcultureisthatifyouexerciseyouwillloseweight.IexerciseallthetimebutIstillhavegotfatthathangsovermybeltwhenIsit.Whyisn’talltheexercisegettingridofit?It’saquestionmanyofuscouldask.Morethan45millionAmericansnowbelongtoahealthclubupfrom23millionin1993.Wespendsome$19billionayearongym健身房memberships.Ofcoursesomepeoplejoinandnevergo.Stillasonemajorstudy—theMinnesotaHeartSurvey—foundmoreofusatleastsayweexerciseregularly.Andyetobesityfigureshaverisensharplyinthesameperiod:athirdofAmericansareobeseandanotherthirdcountasoverweightbytheFederalGovernment’sdefinition.Yesit’sentirelypossiblethatthoseofuswhoregularlygotothegymwouldweighevenmoreifweexercisedless.ButlikemanyotherpeopleIgethungryafterIexercisesoIofteneatmoreonthedaysIgotothegymthanonthedaysIdon’t.Couldexerciseactuallybekeepingmefromlosingweight?Thepopularbeliefthatexerciseisessentialforweightcontrolisactuallyfairlynew.Asrecentlyasthe1960sdoctorsroutinelyadvisedagainsttoomuchexerciseparticularlyforolderadultswhocouldinjurethemselves.Todaydoctorsencourageeventheiroldestpatientstoexercisewhichisniceadviceformanyreasons:Peoplewhoregularlyexerciseareatsignificantlylowerriskforallkindsofdiseases—thoseoftheheartinparticular.Theylessoftendevelopcancerandmanyotherillnesses.Butthepastfewyearsofobesityresearchshowthattheroleofexerciseinweightlosshasbeenwildlyover-evaluateD.IngeneralforweightlossexerciseisprettyuselesssaysEricRavussinexerciseresearcheratLouisianaStateUniversity.Manyrecentstudieshavefoundthatexerciseisn’tasimportantinhelpingpeopleloseweightasyouhearsoregularlyingymadvertisementsoronshowslikeTheBiggestLoser—orfrommagazineslikethisonE.67.Fromthepassagewelearnthat____.A.someAmericansjoinahealthclubbutnevergothereB.AmericanswastetoomuchmoneyeachyearonsportsC.thenumberofoverweightpeoplehasdoubledsince1993D.morethan45millionAmericansnowgotothegymregularly68.Accordingtothepassageexercise____.A.haslongbeenbelievedtobegoodforolderadultsB.isnotproperlyadvertisedasaneffectivewaytoloseweightC.wasfirstrecognizedasaneffectivewaytoloseweightinthe1960sD.islesseffectiveinpreventingheartdiseasethanwhatdoctorsbelieve69.Accordingtothewriterpeoplemightgainweightbecause____.A.theyeatmoreaftertheyexerciseB.theyexerciselessthanrequiredbydoctorsC.theyeatthesamefoodwhentheydonotexerciseD.theyhavethehabitofgoingtothegymregularly70.Whichofthefollowingcouldpossiblysummarizethepassage?A.Exercisewon’tmakeyouthinB.GymispartofAmericanlifestyleC.ObesityisasocialprobleminAmericaD.Overweightisnotgoodforyourhealth
Babiesarenotjustpassingidletimewhentheystaregoggle-eyedatthetelevision—theyareactuallylearningabouttheworldU.S.researcherssaiD.ParentsmaywanttolimitwhattheirbabiesseeontelevisionbasedonthestudysaidDonnaMummeassistantprofessorofpsychologyatTuftsUniversityinBostonwholedtheresearch.Childrenasyoungas12monthsaremakingdecisionsbasedontheemotionalreactionsofadultsaroundthemMummesaidinastatement.Itturnsouttheycanalsouseemotionalinformationtheypickupfromtelevision.ThismeansthatadultsmightwanttothinktwicebeforetheyspeakinaloudandharshvoiceorletababyseetelevisionprogramsmeantforinformationabouttheworlD.A.motherurgingherbabytoeatsomeyummysouponabrothercryinginfearwhenadogapproachescaninfluenceababy’sreaction.Mumme’steamtestedbabiestodeterminE.Iftelevisionhasthesameinfluenceshowingactorsreactingonavideotapetoobjectssuchasredspiralletterholderabluehumpyballandayellowgardenhoseattachment.Babiesaged10monthsor12monthswerelatergiventhesameobjectstoplaywith.Ten-month-oldsdidnotseemtobeinfluencedbutthevideobuythe1-year-oldswerE.Whentheactorsactedneutrallyorpositivelytoanobjectthebabieshappilyplayedwiththem.Butiftheactorhadseemedafraidordisgustedthebabieswouldavoidtheobject.63.Psychologyisthestudyof________..A.human’ssocietyanditsgrowthB.human’shopeshaddreamsC.human’smindandbehaviorsD.human’slanguagesandcultures64.WhichofthefollowingisMumme’sconclusion?A.Smallbabiesshouldnotbeallowedtowatchtelevisionprograms.B.Adultsneedtothinktwicebeforetheyactinfrontofsmallbabies.C.TVprogramsprovidesmallbabieswithalltheinformationtheyneeD.D.One-year-oldscanbeemotionallyinfluencedbyTVprograms.65.Mummereachedhisconclusionby__________..A.measuringthetimebabiesspentinfrontofTV.B.makingTVprogramsandadvertisementsforkids.C.showingactorshowtoreacttobluebumpyballsD.observingsmallbabies’reactionstoTVprograms66.Whichofthefollowingmaythestudyleadtoaccordingtotheresearchers?A.Parentsmaywanttolimitwhattheirbabiesseeontelevision.B.Actorsmaytrytobehavethemselveswellinfrontofbabies.C.BabiesmaybeallowedtochoosewhattheyseeonTV.D.Scientistsmaystopignoringbabies’emotionalworlD.
Asdemandforpowerandfuelgrowssteadilyinthecomingdecadeswemustconsidereverypossibleenergysource来源onhandifwe'retomeettheworld'sneeds.Andbecausecleannaturalgasisfoundingreatplentythereislittledoubtthatitwillplayamajorroleontheworldenergystageinthiscenturymuchlikeoildidinthelast.Butlikeoilgasreservesareconcentratedinjustafewplacesintheworldusuallyfarfromwherethey'reneededmost.Andthat'sonlypartofthechallengE.Theworldhashadwellover100yearstosearchforoilandtobuildthenecessaryfacilities设施tobringittomarket;thenaturalgasfacilitiesparticularlywhenitcomestoliquefied液化naturalgasLNGarenotnearlyasdevelopeD.Sowhatneedstobedone?Onthesupplysideproducingnationsneedpoliciesthatallowforbetterdevelopmentoftheirnaturalgasinanopenstablebusinessenvironmentnotoneinwhichtherulesofthegamechangewithoutwarning.Thegovernmentsofconsumingnationsontheotherhandmustmakepoliciesforsustainable可持续的developmenttoensurethey'llhaveenoughsuppliesinthefuturE.ThatmeansbuildingtherelatedfacilitiesincludingLNGstations.Thisinturnwillrequirecoastalareastoallowthesenecessarybutnotnecessarilyprettyfacilitiestobebuiltintheirbackyards.Andenergycompanieshavearesponsibilitytobegoodneighborsinthoseareasbyoperatingthesefacilitiesresponsiblyandsafely.Theymustalsocontinuetoputinthebillionsofdollarsneededtobuildthecomplextransportandstoragefacilitiesrequiredtobringmoregastomarket.Expandinganddiversifying使多样化energysourcesbyusingmorenaturalgascouldleadtolowerfuelpricesandtogreaterenergysecurity.We'vetakensomeofthestepstogetstartedbutweneedyourhelptogettherestoftheway.【小题1】WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Gasplayedamajorpartinthe20thcentury.B.Naturalgasfacilitiesarefarfromsatisfactory.C.GasreservesarewidelyspreadaroundtheworlD.D.Necessaryfacilitiesarereadytobringgastomarket.【小题2】TheunderlinedwordoneinParagraph2refersto_____________.A.agassupplysideB.abusinessenvironmentC.agasconsumingnationD.apolicyforgasdevelopment【小题3】Consumingnationsofnaturalgasneedto___________.A.changetherulesofthegameB.openmarketsintheirbackyardsC.buildprettyfacilitiesalongthecoastD.havelong-termpoliciesforgassupply【小题4】Themainpurposeofthepassageisto_______.A.warnpeopleofthelackofpowerandfuelB.discusstheimportanceofoilandnaturalgasC.callforbetteruseanddevelopmentofnaturalgasD.instructpeoplehowtomakeuseofenergysources【小题5】ThepassagemightbefollowedbyaparagraphaboutA.whatkindofhelpyoucanofferB.whereenergysourcesareconcentratedC.whichcountriesareingreatneedofgasD.whatproblemsofenergysourceswemayface
Sincethe1970sscientistshavebeensearchingforwaystolinkthebrainwithcomputers.Brain-computerinterfaceBCItechnologycouldhelppeoplewithdisabilitiessendcommandstomachines.RecentlytworesearchersJoseMillanandMicheleTavellafromtheFederalPolytechnicSchoolinLausanneSwitzerlanddemonstrated展示asmallroboticwheelchairdirectedbyaperson'sthoughts.InthelaboratoryTavellaoperatedthewheelchairjustbythinkingaboutmovinghisleftorrighthanD.Hecouldeventalkashewatchedthevehicleandguideditwithhisthoughts.Ourbrainhasbillionsofnervecells.Thesesendsignalsthroughthespinalcord脊髓tothemusclestogiveustheabilitytomovE.Butspinalcordinjuriesorotherconditionscanpreventtheseweakelectricalsignalsfromreachingthemuscles.Tavellasays.Oursystemallowsdisabledpeopletocommunicatewithexternalworldandalsotocontroldevices.Theresearchersdesignedaspecialcapfortheuser.Thisheadcoverpicksupthesignalsfromthescalp头皮andsendsthemtoacomputer.Thecomputerinterpretsthesignalsandcommandsthemotorizedwheelchair.Thewheelchairalsohastwocamerasthatidentifyobjectsinitspath.Theyhelpthecomputerreacttocommandsfromthebrain.Prof.Millantheteamleadersaysscientistskeepimprovingthecomputersoftwarethatinterpretsbrainsignalsandturnsthemintosimplecommands.ThepracticalpossibilitiesthatBCItechnologyofferstodisabledpeoplecanbegroupedintwocategories:communicationandcontrollingdevices.Oneexampleisthiswheelchair.Hesayshisteamhassettwogoals.Oneistestingwithrealpatientssoastoprovethatthisisatechnologytheycanbenefitfrom.AndtheotheristoguaranteethattheycanusethetechnologyoverlongperiodsoftimE.46.BCIisatechnologythatcan________.A.helptoupdatecomputersystemsB.linkthehumanbrainwithcomputersC.helpthedisabledtorecoverD.controlaperson'sthoughts47.HowdidTavellaoperatethewheelchairinthelaboratory?A.Bycontrollinghismuscles.B.BytalkingtothemachinE.C.BymovinghishanD.D.ByusinghisminD.48.WhichofthefollowingshowsthepathofthesignalsdescribedinParagraph5?A.scalp→computer→cap→wheelchairB.compute→cap→scalp→wheelchairC.scalp→cap→computer→wheelchairD.cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair49.Theteamwilltestwithrealpatientsto________.A.makeprofitsfromthemB.provethetechnologyusefultothemC.makethemlivelongerD.learnabouttheirphysicalcondition50.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SwitzerlandtheBCIResearchCenterB.NewFindingsAboutHowtheHumanBrainWorksC.BCICouldMeanMoreFreedomfortheDisabledD.RoboticVehiclesCouldHelptoCureBrainInjuries
Togetachocolateoutofaboxrequiresalotofunpacking:theboxhastobetakenoutofthepaperbaginwhichitarrivedthecellophane玻璃纸wrapperhastobetornoffthelidopenedandthepaperremovedthechocolateitselfthenhastobeunwrappedfromitsownpieceofpaper.Butthisoveruseofwrappingisnotlimitedtoluxuries.Itisnowbecomingincreasinglydifficulttobuyanythingthatisnotdoneupinbeautifulwrapping.Thepackageitselfisofnointeresttotheshopperwhousuallythrowsitawayimmediately.UselesswrappingaccountsformuchoftherefuseputoutbytheaverageLondonhouse-holdeachweek.Sowhyisitdone?Someofitlikethecellophaneonmeatisnecessarybutmostoftherestissimplycompetitiveselling.ThisisabsurD.Packagingisusingupvaluableenergyandresourcesandpollutingtheenvironment.Recyclingisalreadyhappeningwithmilkbottleswhicharereturnedtothedairies牛奶场washedoutandrefilleD.ButbothglassandpaperarebeingthreatenedbythegrowinguseofplastiC.Moredairiesareexperimentingwithplasticbottles.Thetroublewithplasticisthatitdoesnotrot.Someenvironmentalistsarguethattheonlysolutiontotheproblemofeverincreasingplasticcontainersistothrowawayplasticaltogetherintheshopsasuggestionunacceptabletomanyproducerswhosaythereisnoalternative替代品totheirhandyplasticpacks.Itisevidentthatmoreresearchisneededintotherecoveryandre-useofvariousmaterialsandintothecostofcollectingandrecyclingcontainersratherthanproducingnewones.UnnecessarypackagingintendedtobeusedjustonceandtomakethingslookbettersomorepeoplewillbuythemisclearlybecomingincreasinglyabsurD.Butitisnotsomuchaquestionofthrowingawaypackagingasusingitwisely.Whatisneedednowisamoreadvancedapproachtousingscarceresourcesforwhatisafterallarelativelyunimportantfunction.【小题1】TheunderlinedpartthisoveruseofwrappingisnotlimitedtoluxuriesinParagraphlmeans______.A.morewrappingisneededforordinaryproductsB.thewrappingusedforluxuryproductsisunnecessaryC.morewrappingisusedforluxuriesthanforordinaryproductsD.toomuchwrappingisusedforbothluxuryandordinaryproducts【小题2】Whyispackagingimportanttoproducers?A.Itiseasytouseitagain.B.Packagedthingswillnotgorotten.C.Theywanttoattractmoreshoppers.D.Shoppersareallinterestedinbeautifulpackaging.【小题3】Accordingtothepassagedairiesare______.A.reusingtheirpapercontainersB.givinguptheuseofglassbottlesC.increasingtheuseofplasticbottlesD.experimentingwiththeuseofpaperbottles【小题4】Someenvironmentaliststhinkthat______.A.toomuchplasticiswastedB.shopsshouldstopusingplasticcontainersC.noalternativecanbefoundtoplasticpackagingD.plasticpackagingshouldbemademoreconvenient
Muchoftoday’sscienceofphysicsisbasedonNewton’sdiscoveryofthethreelawsofmotionandhistheoryofgravity.Newtonalsodevelopedoneofthemostpowerfultoolsofmathematics.Itisthemethodwecallcalculus.LateinhislifeNewtonsaidofhiswork:IfIsawfurtherthanothermenitwasbecauseIstoodontheshouldersofgiants.Wehaveallheardofthestoryabouthowhedevelopedthetheoryofgravity.Hedecidedthatthestrengthoftheforcekeepingaplanetinorbitaroundthesundependedontwothings.Onewastheamountofmassintheplanetandthesun.TheotherwashowfaraparttheywerE.Newtonwasabletofindtheexactrelationshipbetweendistanceandgravity.Hemultipliedthemassofonespaceobjectbythemassoftheother.NewtoninventedanewkindoftelescopethereflectingtelescopE.Todaytheworld’slargesttelescopesareofthisbasicdesign.AfewyearslaterNewtonbuiltadifferentkindoftelescopE.Todaytheworld’slargesttelescopesareofthisbasicdesign.AfewyearslaterNewtonbuiltadifferentkindoftelescopE.Itusedacurvedmirrortomakefarawayobjectsseemlargerandmuchclearer.YearslaterNewtonwroteabookthatexplainedwhathehaddonE.Itwaspublishedinsixteeneighty-seven.NewtoncalledhisbookTheMathematicalPrinciplesofNaturalPhilosophy.Thebookisconsideredthegreatestscientificworkeverwritten.InhisbookNewtonexplainsthethreenaturallawsofmotion.Thefirstlawisthatanobjectnotmovingremainsstill.Andonethatismovingcontinuestomoveatanunchangingspeedsolongasnooutsideforceinfluencesit.Objectsinspacecontinuetomovebecausenothingexistsinspacetostepthem.Newton’ssecondlawofmotiondescribesforcE.Itsaysforceequalsthemassofaobjectmultipliedbythechangeinspeeditproducesinanobject.Histhirdlawsaysthatforeveryactionthereisanequalandoppositereaction.FromthesethreelawsNewtonwasabletoshowhowtheuniverseworkeD.Heproveditwitheasilyunderstoodmathematics.ScientistseverywhereacceptedNewton’sideas.TheleadingEnglishpoetofNewton’stimeAlexanderPopehonoredthescientistwiththesewords:Natureandnature’slawslayhidinnight.Godsaid-‘LetNewtonbe!’-andallwaslight.68.Whichofthefollowingisn’tNewton’scontribution?A.threelawsofmotionB.thetheoryofgravityC.theoriginaldesignoftheworld’slargesttelescopeD.theinventionofnature’slaws69.SupposetherearetwoobjectsA.andB.AccordingtoNewtonthegravityforcebetweentheis.a=themassofAb=the=massofBm=thedistancebetweenthemA.a×b÷m2B.a×b÷m2C.a×b÷m2D.a×b2÷m70.Whichofthefollowingcanexplainwhyanobjectcantravelnonstopinspace?A.Newton’sfirstlawofmotionB.Newton’ssecondlawofmotionC.Newton;sthirdlawofmotionD.Thetheoryofgraveity71.W.hatdoesAlexanderPopemeaninhispoem?A.NewtonwasborninthedaytimE.B.Newtonthrewlightonnature'slawsC.NatureandNature'slawslayhidinnigh!.D.Newtoninventednature'slaws.
Eachyearabout10000to100000animalspeciesdieoff.Theyjointhecountlessspeciesthathavegoneextinct灭绝overthecourseofEarth'shistory-andextinctionmeansforever.Atleastitusedto.Scientistsarenowclosinginontheabilitytobringbackextinctspecies.Nothisdoesn'tmeantheplotofJurassicParkisgoingtobecomeareality.ResearchersneedDNAtobringbackaspecies.DNAisthechemicalthatcarriesthestructureforalivingthing.DinosaurshavebeengonetoolongforanyoftheirDNAtoremaininfossils.Butthere'saveryrealchancethatwewillbeabletobringbackmorerecentlyextinctspecies.ThiscouldevenincludeIceAgeanimalslikethewoollymammoth.In2003ateamofSpanishandFrenchscientistsre-createdthePyreneanibexwhichhadgoneextinctthreeyearsearlier.Thenewanimaldidn'tsurvivelongbutscientificadvancesshouldimprovethesuccessratE.InJanuaryAustralianscientistsannouncedthattheywereontheirwaytobringingbackthegastricbroodingfrog.Thatwecanbringspeciesbackdoesn'tmeanthatweshoulD.Theremaybebenefitstorevivingaspecies.Butthere'snowaytoknowhowitwillturnout.Forexamplewouldapassengerpigeonfitintoitsoldhabitat?Ormightitcrowdoutexistingspecies?Environmentalistsworrythatourabilitytobringspeciesbackmightcutdownsupportforthehardworkoftraditionalconservation.Whyworryaboutpreservingawildlifehabitatorfightingpoachersifweknowwecanjustmakeupforourmistakes?Butthoseextinctionsareourmistakestocorrectwhichmaygiveusanobligation义务todoso.AsbusinessmanandenvironmentalistStewartBrandrecentlysaidHumanshavemadeahugeholeinnaturE.WehavetheabilitynowtorepairsomeofthatdamagE.WewoulddowelltorememberthelessonofJurassicPark:Proceedwithcaution.31.WhyistheplotofJurassicParknotgoingtobecomeareality?A.BecausedinosaursareforbiddentobebroughtbacktolifE.B.Becauseitisimpossibleforscientiststobringbackextincthugeanimals.C.Becausescientistsarenotinterestedinbringingbackdinosaurs.D.BecauseitisimpossibletofindDNAofdinosaursinfossils.32.ThePyreneanibexwasmentionedtoshowthat_______.A.scientistsareonlyabletobringbacksmallspeciesB.scientistsarelikelytobringbackrecentlyextinctspeciesC.scientistshavemanagedtobringbackIceAgespeciesD.animalscanliveverywellafterbeingbroughtbacktolife33.Paragraph3mainlyshowsthatbringingbackextinctspeciesis_______.A.harmfulB.realisticC.double-edgedD.beneficial34.Whatmakesenvironmentalistsworriedaccordingtothepassage?A.Thatscientistscannotmakeupforthemistakesthattheymadeinthepast.B.Thattraditionalconservationmightbeofnousebybringingspeciesback.C.ThatscientistscouldlacktheabilitytobringbackextinctspeciestolifE.D.Thatspeciesthatwillbebroughtbacktolifewillnotsurvivelong.35.WhatistheprobableattitudeofStewartBrandtowardbringingextinctspeciesbacktolife?A.SupportivE.B.Indifferent.C.Disapproving.D.WorrieD.
Thatsummeranarmyofcrickets蟋蟀startedawarwithmyfather.Daddidn’tcareforinsectsmuchmorethanMammabuthecouldtolerateafewlivinginthebasement.Mammawasacitygirlandshesaidacricketwasjusttoonoisy.Thentosupportherpointshewouldn’tgotobeD.Shedrankcoffeeandsmokedmyfather’scigarettesandpacedbetweenthesofaandtheTV.NextmorningshethreatenedtopackupandleavesoDaddrovetothestoreandhurriedback.Hesprayedpoisonfromajug.Whenhewasfinishedhetoldusthatwastheendofit.Foracoupleofweekswewentbacktofinddeadcricketsinthelaundry.Hesuggestedthatwe’dallbebetterofftohideasmanyaswecouldfromMammA.IfedafewdozentothecatwhoIdidn’tlikebecausehescratchedfornoreason.Howeversoonlivecricketsstartedshowingupinthekitchenandbathroom.MammawasupsetbecauseshethoughttheywerethedeadcricketscomingbackbutDadsaidthesewerecertainlynewones.Hefetchedhisjugofpoisonandsprayedalloveruntilthewholehousesmelledofpoisonandthenhesprayedthebasementagain.A.coupleofweekslaterwhenbothliveanddeadcricketskeptturningupDademptiedthebasementofjunk.Thenheburnedalotofoldnewspapersandmagazineswhichhesaidthecricketshadturnedintonests.WhileweatesupperthateveningthewindliftedsomeflamesontothewoodpilE.Theonlygasolinewasinthelawnmower’s割草机fueltankbutthatwasenoughtocreateanexplosionbigenoughtoreachthehousE.Oncetheroofcaughttherewasn’tmuchanyonecoulddo.AfterthefiretrucksleftMammatooktheotherstoAuntGail’s.IhelpedDadandUncleBurtcarrythingsoutofthehouseandpilethembytheroaD.Weworkedintothenightandwedidn’ttalkmuchwhileallaroundthenoiseofcricketsbrokeoursilencE.56.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor’smother?A.Shedidn’tlikeinsectsatall.B.Shelikedinsectsmorethanhisfather.C.Shecaredforinsectsverymuch.D.Shecouldonlytolerateafewinsects.57.Theauthor’sfatherdrovetothestoretobuy_______.A.cigarettesforhimselfB.somepoisonC.morecoffeeforhiswifeD.somegasoline58.Theauthor’sfatherburnedtheoldnewspapersandmagazinesbecausehethought______.A.theywerenolongerusefulB.thecricketswereafraidoffiresC.theybecamethehomeofcricketsD.thedeadcricketscamebacktolife59.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat________.A.theauthor’sfamilylosttheirbattleagainstthecricketsB.theauthor’sparentslearnedtoputupwithinsectsC.theauthor’sfamilydidn’tsuffermuchinthefireD.theauthor’sparentsgotdivorced
TheLabrador拉布拉多猎犬haswonthehonorofthemostpopularbreed品种forthepasteighteenyears.Ithasbeendescribedasgentlecleverandfriendly.YetnotallLabsarethesamE.JohnGrogandiscoveredthisafterheandhiswifeadoptedaLabradorthattheynamedMarley.ThedogcausedMr.Groganalotoftroublebutitalsoprovidedmanystoriesforhisnewspaperarticles.Laterhewroteabest-sellingbookMarleyandMe:LifeandLovewiththeWorld’sWorstDog.Marleywashappyandfun-loving.Buthewasalsoextremelylargeanddifficulttocontrol.Hebitanythingthathecouldfindaroundthehouseincludingplasticclothingandjewelry.Andhehadagreatfearofloudnoisesespeciallythunderstorms.UnfortunatelytheGroganslivedinFloridawheremanythunderstormsdevelop.Marleywouldattackthefurniturewallsanddoorsuntilhisfeetbledifhewasleftaloneinthehouseduringathunderstorm.Marleyalmostdamagedtheirhomeseveraltimes.JohnGrogansaidthatatfirstheconsideredthatprobablyhisdogcouldbetrainedtobeashowchampion.ButhesoonrealizedthatwasimpossiblE.Marleydidn’tliketolearnskillsthatdidn’tbelongtodogsandhewasdrivenoutofthedogtrainingschoolforcausingtroublesforotherdogs.Hedidn’twanttohidehisemotions.Hewouldshowhisangerandtirednessifhefeltthem.EvenifthatMarleystillhadearnedaplaceintheGrogans’.Hedidn’tknowhowtodanceandhedidn’tknowhowtowalkonitstwolegsbuthewaswhathewas.HewouldneverbeaLassieoraBenjioranoldYellerforhewouldneverliketotakepartinadogshowbuttheGrogansacceptedhimandlovedhimverymuch.61.Theunderlinedwordthisinthesecondparagraphreferstothefactthat____.A.notalldogswonthehonorofthemostpopularbreedB.notallLabsaregentlecleverandfriendlyC.MarleycausedtheGrogansafewtroublesD.Marleyprovidedmanystoriesforthenewspaperarticles62.WecaninferwhenJohnGroganwrotethebookMarleyandMe:LifeandLovewiththeWorld’sWorstDog.hewasvery____.A.angryB.disappointedC.happyD.frightened63.WhatmadeMarleyattackthefurniturewhenhewasleftaloneinthehouseduringathunderstorm?A.Thefearofhearingloudnoises.B.TheangerofbeingleftalonE.C.Theunhappinessofhavingnotoys.D.Thedisappointmentofgettingnothingtoeat.64.Marleywasdrivenoutofthedogtrainingschoolbecausehe____.A.didn’tliketolearnskillsthatdidn’tbelongtodogsB.madeitdifficultforotherdogstogettrainedC.likedtoattackthetrainerswhengettingangryD.didn’tknowhowtohidehisemotions65.Fromthepassagewecanknow____.A.everydoginAmericaattendsthedogtrainingschoolB.aLassieshouldbeatroublesomedogjustlikeMarleyC.MarleyoftenlosthistemperandbitotherdogsD.MarleyledalifefullofloveintheGrogans’
Bottledwaterortapwater自来水?Theanswerverymuchdependsonhowyouareaffectedbyadvertising.ManyBritishpeoplecertainlyareeasilyinfluencedbyads.Bottledwaterisa￡2billionbusinesseveryyearintheUK.Sowhydowebuyit?A.studyfoundthatpeopletendtobelievethatbottledwaterissomehowhealthierbutdon’tknowwhy.PerhapsitisbecauseitcostsmorE.Bottledwatercostsaround500timesmorethantapwater.Manufactures制造商wouldmakeyoubelievethatbottledwaterisnaturallycleanerandtastierthantapwaterbutmanyinfactgettheirwaterfromthesameplacethattapwatercomesfrom.IndeedthereisnothingnaturalaboutthewaymuchbottledwaterismadE.Apartfromtheoilusedtomaketheplasticbottlesthewatercausesmuchmorepollutionthantapwater.ProducingandtransportingbottledwaterresultinhundredsoftimesmoreCOemissions排放andthat’sbeforeconsideringtheeffecttheplasticbottleshaveontheenvironment—onlyaroundaquarterarerecycleD.OKsoitisnotgreentodrinkbottledwaterbutwhataboutyourhealth?Isn’ttapwaterfullofbadthings?Ifyouliveinacountrywherewaterstandardsarepoorthenyouhavecauseforconcern.ButifyouliveinBritainyoucanbeconfidentthattapwaterhasbeenfiltered过滤andtestedandisperfectlysafetodrink.InfactBritain’stapwaterisoneofthesafestintheworlD.Butdoesbottledwaterreallytastebetter?Tapwatercantastedifferentindifferentareas.Itmaycontaindifferentamountsofmineralswhichcanaffectitsflavor.Ifthetastebothersyouthesolutionistopourtapwaterintoabottleandputitinthefridgeorevenbuyawaterfilter.ThisoughttomakeitpalatablE.ThensmileatthethoughtofthemoneyyouhavejustsaveD.60.Accordingtothepassagecomparedtotapwaterbottledwater_____.A.ismuchhealthierB.containsmoremineralsC.isnotenvironmentallyfriendlyD.isproducedinamorenaturalway61.Theunderlinedwordpalatableinthelastparagraphprobablymeans_______.A.HealthyB.lightC.tastyD.warm62.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsusingtapwaterinBritain?A.NegativE.B.PositiveC.InteresteD.D.Worried63.Howisthepassagemainlydeveloped?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Byfollowingtimeorder.D.Bytellingpersonalexperiences.
A.teamofUSpsychologists心理学家havefoundthattalkingtoanotherpersonfortenminutesadayhelpswithmemory.Socializingisjustaseffectiveasmoretraditionalkindsofmentalexerciseinboostingmemoryandintellectual智力的performanceOscarYbarraapsychologistattheUniversityofMichiganInstituteforSocialResearchsaidinastatement.Inoneinvestigationtheyanalyzeddataon3610peopleaged24to96.Theyfoundthatthehighertheirlevelofsocialinteraction交流thebettertheircognitive认知的functioning.Socialinteractionincludesgettingtogetherorhavingphonechatswithrelativesfreindsandneighbors.Inanotherexperimenttheresearchersconductedlabtestson76collegestudentsaged18to21toevaluatehowsocialinteractionsandintellectualexercisesaffectedtheresultsofmemoryandmentalperformancetests.Thestudentsweredividedintothreegroups:thesocialinteractiongrouphadadiscussionofasocialissuefor10minutesbeforetakingthetests;theintellectualactivitiesgroupcompletedthreetasksincludingareadingcomprehensionexerciseandacrosswordpuzzlebeforethetests;andacontrolgroup对照组watcheda10-minuteclip电影片段oftheSeinfeldtelevisionshow.Wefoundthatshort-termsocialinteractionlastingforjust10minutesimprovedparticipants'intellectualperformanceasmuchasengaginginso-called'intellectual'activitiesforthesameamountoftimeYbarrasaiD.ThestudywasexpectedtobepublishedintheFebruaryissueofthejournalPersonalityandSocialPsychologyBulletin.56.Theunderlinedwordboostinginthesecondparagraphcanbereplacedby______.A.improvingB.decreasingC.preventingD.training57.Whichisnotincludedinsocialinteraction?A.Havingatalkwithaneighbor.B.Attendingabirthdayparty.C.WatchingTVathomealonE.D.Callingyourclassmates58.What'sthepurposeoftheexperimenton76collegestudents?A.TojudgetheeffectofsocialinteractiononmemoryandintelligencE.B.Tofindoutwhatisrealsocialinteraction.C.Tolearnhowmuchtimeisneededforsocialinteraction.D.Toshowthefunctionofpeople'scognition.59.Whichofthefollowingquestionsmaybeaskedinthesocialinteractiongroupintheexperiment?A.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowus?B.Doyoulikelivinginabigcityorasmallone?C.Whichwordcanbeusedtofillintheblank?D.Whatisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?60.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Intellectualexercisesimprovememory.B.DifferentpeoplehavedifferentwaysofcommunicationC.Communicatingwithotherskeepsyouhealthy.D.Socialinteractionmakesyousmart
KeepingearscleanSomepeople'searsproducewaxlikebusylittlebees.Thiscanbeaproblemeventhoughearwaxappearstoserveanimportantpurpose.Itprotectsandcleanstheear.Ittrapsdirtandothermatteranditkeepsinsectsout.Doctorsthinkearwaxmightalsohelpprotectagainstinfections.Andthewaxyoilkeepsearsfromgettingtoodry.Butyoucanhavetoomuchofagoodthing.Somepeople'searsproducetoomuchwax.Earwaxnormallyfallsoutoftheearorgetswashedaway.Butextrawaxcanhardenandformablockagethatinterfereswithsoundwavesandreduceshearing.Peoplecanalsocauseablockagewhentheytrytocleanouttheirearsbutonlypushthewaxdeeperinside.ExpertsattheNationalInstitutesofHealthNIHsuggestsomewaystotreatextraearwaxyourself.Thewaxcanbesoftenedwithmineraloilglycerinoreardrops.Hydrogenperoxideorcarbamideperoxidemayalsohelp.Anotherwaytoremovewaxisknownasirrigation.Withtheheaduprighttakeholdoftheouterpartoftheear.Gentlypullupwardtostraightentheearcanal.Useasyringedevice洗涤器togentlydirectwateragainstthewalloftheearcanal.Thenturntheheadtothesidetoletthewaterout.TheexpertsatNIHsayyoumayhavetorepeatthisprocessafewtimes.Usewaterthatisbodytemperature.Ifthewateriscoolerorwarmeritcouldmakeyoufeeldizzy.Nevertryirrigationiftheeardrumisbroken.Itcouldleadtoinfectionandotherproblems.61.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthefunctionofearwax?A.Keepinginsectsout.B.Protectingagainstinfection.C.Keepingearsdry.D.Trappingdirtandothermatter.62.TheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2probablymeans_______.A.EarwaxhastoomanybenefitsB.ToomuchearwaxisproducedC.EarwaxcanalsobringproblemsD.Earwaxhasmoregoodthanbad63.Hydrogenperoxideandcarbamideperoxideareprobably_______.A.liquidsusedtohelpsoftenearwaxB.medicinestakentocureillnessesC.mineraloiltocleanawayearwaxD.chemicalstokillinsectsinears64.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph3?A.Whyyouneedtoremoveearwax.B.Waystogetridofearwaxbyyourself.C.Whatyoushoulduseinclearingearwax.D.Toolsyoumightneedtotreatearwax.65.Theabovetextislikelytobetakenfrom_______.A.amedicinebrochureB.aresearchjournalC.abiologybookD.ahealthmagazine
Arecentstudysuggeststhatteens’relationshipwithparentsfriendsandteachersmayhavealottodowithwhytheydon’tgetagoodnight’ssleep.DavidMaumeasociologistandsleepresearcheranalyzedfederalhealthdatawhichinterviewed974teenagerswhentheywere12andthenagainat15.Hefoundthatfamilydynamics动态havemuchtodowithhowwellkidssleep.Teenswhohadwarmrelationswiththeirparentsandfeltliketheycouldtalktothemortheirparentsweresupportiveofthemtendedtosleepbetter.Howeverfamiliesthatweregoingthroughadivorceoraremarriagetendedtoaffectteens’sleep.Andproblemsatschoolalsoaffectedteens’sleep.Feelingsafeatschoolandhavinggoodrelationswithteacherstendedtopromotebettersleep.Asdidgoodrelationshipswithfriends.Kidswhotookpartinsportsorotherpositivesocialactivitiesorsharedsimilaracademicgoalswiththeirfriendswerealsomorelikelytogetagoodnight’ssleep.Theseadduptowhatmakeslotsofsense:ageneralfeelingofwell-beinghelpsteenssleep.Ifwe’rehappyandcontentedwe’remuchmorelikelytosleepbetterthanifwe’resadandanxious.Nowofcourseteenscanhardlyresistbeingdrawntotheircomputersandsocialnetworking.Maumealsofoundthatwhenparentswerestrictnotonlyaboutbedtimebutalsoaboutlimitingtechnologykidssleptbetter.It’safindingthatseemsobviousbutparentsreallydomatterwhenitcomestohealthhabitsoftheirteenagers.Clearlyteenagersaren’tgetting9to10hoursanightwhichputsthematriskforalltheconsequencesoflackofsleepincludingpooracademicperformancecoldsandstress.72.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Teens’sleepislinkedtotheirrelationshipwithpeoplearoundthem.B.Lackofadequatesleepputsteensatriskofmanybadconsequences.C.Moderntechnologyhassomethingtodowithteens’sleepproblems.D.Itisnecessaryforteenstojoininsportsandpositivesocialactivities.73.AccordingtoMaume’sanalysiswhowillprobablyhaveapoornight’ssleep?A.Teenswhofeelliketalkingwiththeirparents.B.Teenswhohavefriendssharingtheirdreams.C.Teenswhofeelcontentedaboutthemselves.D.Teenswholackasenseofsecurityatschool.74.Para5functionsas.A.acomparisonB.anintroductionC.aconclusionD.anaddition75.Parentsaresupposedtowhentheirkidsaregrowingup.A.continuetheirbrokenmarriageB.allowchildrentodecidewhentosleepC.limitteens’usingnewtechnologyD.forceteenstohave10hours’sleepdaily
Scientistsarenotsurehowthebrainfollowsthetracksoftime.Onetheoryholdsthatithasagroupofcellsspecializedtorecordtheintervals间隔oftimewhileanothertheoryholdsthatsomeneuralprocesses神经突actasaninsideclock.Whichevertheoryitmaybestudiesfindthecellshaveapoorgraspoflongerinterval.Timedoesseemtoslowduringanemptyafternoonandracewhenthebrainfocusesonchallengingwork.Stimulants兴奋剂includingcaffeinetendtomakepeoplefeelasif.timeispassingfaster;complexjobslikedoingtaxescanseemtodragonlongerthantheyactuallydo.Andemotionalevents—abreakupapromotionatransformativetripabroad—tendtobesensedasmorerecentthantheyactuallyarebymonthsorevenyears.InshortsomepsychologistssaythefindingssupportthephilosopherMartinHeidegger'sobservationthattimepersistsmerelyasaconsequenceoftheeventstakingplaceinit.Nowresearchersarefindingthattheoppositethingmayalsobetrue:ifveryfeweventscometomindthenthesenseoftimedoesnotpersist;thebrainshortenstheintervalthathaspassed.InoneclassicexperimentaFrenchexplorernamedMichelSiffrelivedinacavefortwomonthscutofffromtherhythmsofnightanddayandman-madeclocks.Heappearedthenconvincedthathehadbeenisolatedforonly25days.Lefttoitsowndevicesthebraintendstoshortentime.Inearlierworkresearchersfoundthatasimilarcaseatworkinpeople’sjudgmentofintervalsthatlastonlymoments.Relativelyinfrequentstimulilikeflashesortonestendtoincreasethespeedofthebrain'sinternalpacemaker.Onanobviouslevelthesekindsoffindingsofferanexplanationforwhyotherpeople'schildrenseemtogrowupsomuchfasterthanone'sown.Involvedparentsarealltoowellawareoffirststepintheirownchildren;howeverseeingacousin'schildonceeveryfewyearswithoutbotheringmemoriesshortensthetime.67.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?A.Scientistshaveagreedabouthowthebrainrecordstime.B.Scientistsallthinkthatsomecellsrecordtheintervalsoftime.C.Scientistshaven'tagreedonhowthebrainrecordstime.D.Scientistsallholdthetheorythatneuralprocessesareaninsideclock.68.According.toParagraph3ifwehavefewthingstodothebrainwill____.A.maketheintervalsoftimelongB.maketheintervalsoftimeshortC.keepastateofrestD.stopworking69.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.MichelSiffredidn'tthinkhehadstayedinthecaveforaslongastwomonths.B.Parentstendtothinktheirownchildrengrowfasterthanothers.C.MichelDiffreactuallystayedinthecavefortwenty-fivedays.D.Childrenusuallybringbadmemoriestotheirparents.70.Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanwefindthispassage?A.SocialnewsB.CommunityactivitiesC.ScienceD.Childrenslife
Haveyoueverwonderedhowaturtlegotitsshell?You'renottheonlyonE.Paleontologists古生物学者havelongbeenconfusedbythequestion.Butarecentlyfoundturtlefossil化石theoldestonrecordmayholdtheanswer.ResearchersreportinNaturethatthefossilshowsshellsevolved进化asanextensionofturtles'backbonesandribs肋骨.Thediscoveryopensanewchapterinthestudyoftheoriginsandearlyhistoryofthesefascinatingreptiles爬行动物sayspaleontologistRobertReiszoftheUniversityofToronto.Scientistshavebeeninthedarkuntilnowbecauseallturtlefossilspreviouslydiscoveredhadcompleteshells.ThepreviouslyoldestknownturtlewasdiscoveredinGermany.Itdatedtoabout210millionyearsago.Butthis220million-year-oldfossilisanancestorofthemodernturtleatastagewhenitsshellwasstillevolving.The40-cm-longfossilwasdiscoveredinGuizhouprovincE.AninternationalteamofpaleontologistsledbyLiChunoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesinBeijinganalyzedit.TheyreportedthatthebonesbelongedtoaTriassic三叠纪的turtlewhichtheynamedodontochelyssemitestacea半甲齿龟meaningtoothedturtlewithahalfshell.Thefossilhasashelledbelly腹部andalittleextraboneonitsspine脊柱.Thatsupportsthetheorythatturtles'shellsformedovertimeastheirbackbonesandribsgrew.Beforethediscoverysomepaleontologiststhoughtshellswereformedashardbonyplatesinturtles'skinsuchasthoseintheskinofmodern-daycrocodiles.Theauthorssaythatthisturtlespeciesprobablylivedinwaterandthattheirstomachshellkeptthemsafefrompredators捕食者belowwhiletheywereswimming.66.Thepassageismainlyabout_______.A.abriefintroductiontothestructureofturtleshellsB.anewinsightabouthowturtleshellsformedgraduallyC.abriefintroductiontothelivinghabitsofturtlesD.Thestudyoftheoriginsandearlyhistoryofturtles67.WhichisTRUEaboutthenewlyfoundturtlefossil?A.ItwasLiChunoneChinesepaleontologistwhofoundtheturtlefossil.B.TheturtlefossilfoundinsouthwesternChinais210millionyearsolD.C.Thefossilshowsturtleshellsevolvedfromturtles'backbonesandbellies.D.Scientistsnowknowhowturtleshellsevolvedwiththehelpofthefossil.68.Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?A.Thenewlyfoundfossilplaysakeyroleinstudyingtheoriginsofreptiles.B.Paleontologiststhinkturtleshellsdevelopedfromturtles'hardskin.C.Somespeciesofturtlesdon'thavestomachshellsbecausetheyliveonlandD.Paleontologistshavelongbeenpuzzledaboutwhatmakesupturtleshells.69.NaturementionedinParagraph1ismostprobablythenameof_______.A.asciencefictionB.amagazineonscienceC.aphotowebsiteD.ascienceorganization70.Thestructureofthispassageis_______.①Thenewtheoryisveryimportant.②TheoldestturtlefossilwasfounD.③A.newdiscoveryonhowshellsevolvedhasbeenmadE.④HowscientistsmadeanewtheoryonhowshellsevolvedfromthefossilA.①②③④B.①③④②C.③①②④D.②④①③
Desertsarefoundwherethereislittlerainfallorwhererainforawholeyearfallsinonlyafewweeks’timE.Teninchesofrainmaybeenoughformanyplantstosurvive存活iftherainisspreadthroughouttheyear.Ifitfallswithinoneortwomonthsandtherestoftheyearisdrythoseplantsmaydieandadesertmayform.Sandbeginsastinypiecesofrockthatgetsmallerandsmalleraswindandweatherwearthemdown.Sanddunes沙丘areformedaswindsmovethesandacrossthedesert.BitbybitthedunesgrowovertheyearsalwaysmovingwiththewindsandchangingtheshapE.Mostofthemareonlyafewfeettallbuttheycangrowtobeseveralhundredfeethigh.Thereishowevermuchmoretoadesertthansand.InthedesertsofthesouthwesternUnitedStatescliffs悬崖anddeepvalleyswereformedfromthickmudthatoncelaybeneathaseamorethanmillionsofyearsago.Overthecenturiesthewaterdriedup.Windsandrainheatandcoldallworeawayattheremainingrocks.Thefacesofthedesertmountainsarealwayschanging–-veryveryslowly---astheseforcesofnaturecontinuetoworkontherock.MostdesertshaveasurprisingvarietyoflifE.Thereareplantsanimalsandinsectsthathaveadaptedtolifeinthedesert.DuringtheheatofthedayavisitormayseeveryfewsignsoflivingthingsbutastheairbeginstocoolintheeveningthedesertcomestolifE.Asthesunbeginstoriseagainintheskythedesertonceagainbecomesquietandlonely.56.Manyplantsmaysurviveindesertswhen______.A.therainisspreadoutinayearB.therainfallsonlyinafewweeksC.thereislittleraininayearD.itisdryalltheyearround57.Sanddunesareformedwhen______.A.sandpilesupgraduallyB.thereisplentyofraininayearC.theseahasdriedupovertheyearsD.piecesofrockgetsmaller58.Theunderlinedsentenceinthethirdparagraphprobablymeansthatinadesertthereis______.A.toomuchsandB.moresandthanbeforeC.nothingexceptsandD.somethingelsebesidessand59.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatinadesert______.A.thereisnorainfallthroughouttheyearB.lifeexistsinroughconditionsC.allsanddunesareafewfeethighD.rocksarewornawayonlybywindandheat
YouAreWhatYouEatGeneticengineeringisthescientificchangeofthegeneticmaterialinalivingorganism.Itallowsscientiststoidentifyspecificgenestoremovethemfromanorganism'schromosomes染色体improvethemanalyzethemandpossiblyclonethemandtothenreinsertthechangedgeneintotheoriginalorganismoracompletelydifferentorganism.Unliketraditionalbreedingwhereadesiredqualitywouldbebredwithinthesamespeciesgeneticengineeringcaninsertdesiredonesintoorganismsofdifferentspecies.WowDidyoucatchthat?GeneticengineeringcreatesmanypositivecontributionstoagriculturE.ForexamplebygeneticallyengineeredGEfoodsanti-canceragentsmineralsandvitaminscanbeincreaseD.ImprovedtasteshelflifeandbettertransportareallpossiblE.AlsoGEplantscanincreasepestandbacterialresistancethereforemakingthefoodsafeforconsumers.Butsomearguethatthepossiblenegativeeffectsoutweighthepositivesandcriticsarestartingtovoicetheirconcerns.UnlikeEuropeintheUnitedStateslabelingisnotrequiredongeneticallyengineeredfoodsoronfoodsthatcontaingeneticallyengineeredproducts.MostAmericansdonotrealizethattheyareinfacteatingGEfoods.Thepublicisalsoconcernedabouttheunknownhealthrisks.Withlimitedunderstandingofgenesscientistscannotpredictpossibleeffects.BecausemostgenesintroducedintoGEplantscomefromsourcesnotintroducedintothehumanbodyitisimpossibletoknowiftheywillcausereactions.Moreoverduetothelackoflabelingifallergiesdevelopitwillbeextremelydifficulttofindtheoriginofthem.Thereisalsoamajormoralquestioninmanyminds.Formanytheconflictisnotifitissafeornotbutitdisturbsthembecauseitisunnaturalandunnecessary.Wearecurrentlyproducingoneandahalftimestheamountoffoodneededtofeedtheworldyetoneinsevenpeoplearestarving.GEfoodisunnecessaryandfailstoaddresstherootofhunger.Manybelievethattheonlypeoplewhowillbenefitarethecorporationsthatproduceit.ScientistscannotforeseethepossibleeffectsofGEfoodsbutweeatthemeverydaywithoutevenknowingit.WealreadyhaveenoughfoodsowhycreatemorethatcouldbepotentiallyharmfultoustotheEarthandtoallwildlife?Ithinkthatthebenefitsareamazingbutuntilweknowforsurehowthesefoodswillaffectustheyarenotworththerisk.63.Accordingtothepassagetraditionalbreedingisdifferentfromgeneticengineeringinthat_____.A.traditionalbreedingchangesthegenesinthesamespeciesB.traditionalbreedingchangesthegenesindifferentspeciesC.traditionalbreedingtakesplacewithinthesamespeciesD.traditionalbreedingismorescientific64.ThelackoflabelinginParagraph4indicates_________.A.informationconcerninggenesourcesisunavailabletocustomersB.itiscurrentlypossibletofindtheoriginsofsomeallergiesC.scientiststrytohidepotentialdangersfromcustomersD.theUSgovernmentisresponsibleforGEfood65.AccordingtoParagraph5GEfoodisunnecessarybecause________.A.itwon'thelpsolvetheproblemofhungerintheworldB.therearepotentialdangersinproducingGEfoodC.we'renowproducingmorefoodthanbeforeD.customerswillbenefitfromGEfood66.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsgeneticengineering?A.WelcomingB.DisapprovingC.UnconcernedD.Optimistic
Havingachildmayimproveawoman’smemoryanewstudysuggests.Inthestudywomenwhowerenewmothersscoredbetterontestsofvisuospatialmemory–theabilitytounderstandandrememberinformationabouttheirsurroundings—comparedwithwomenwhodidn’thavechildren.Thefindingscontradictstheoldbeliefthatwomendevelopbabybrainoradeclineinmemoryandcognitive认知的functionaftertheyhavekidssaidstudyresearcherMelissaSantiagoadoctoralstudentatCarlosAlbizuUniversityinMiami.Youdon’thavetofeelthatbecauseyouhavekidsyourmemoryisn’tthesameSantiagosaiD.ThestudywassmallandthefindingswillhavetobetestedinlargergroupsofpeopleSantiagosaiD.Previousstudiesonthetopichavehadmixedresults—someshowedmotherhoodhurtscognitionandothersshowedtheoppositE.Studiesonratsshowthosewithpupshavebettermemorythanthosewithoutoffspring.Santiagoanalyzedinformationfrom35first-timemotherswhosechildrenwereages10to24monthsand35womenwhohadneverbeenpregnant.Bothgroupsscoredsimilarlyonintelligencetests.Theaverageageofmotherswas29andtheaverageageofnever-pregnantwomenwas27.Totestvisuospatialmemorythewomenwereshownapapercontainingsixsymbolsfor10secondsandthenaskedtodrawwhattheyremembereD.Thistaskwasrepeatedseveraltimes.Thefirsttimewomenwereshownthepaperbothgroupsrememberedaboutthesameamount.Butonthesecondandthirdpassmothersperformedbetterthanthosewithoutchildrenindicatingthatthemotherscollectedmoreinformationeachtimethantheotherwomen.Laterthewomenwereshownavarietyofdifferentsymbolsandaskedtorememberwhichoneswerepresentedontheearliertask.Mothersdidnotmakeamistakeinthistask—theyrememberedeverysymbolcorrectly—butthosewithoutchildrenmadeoneortwoerrorsSantiagosaiD.55.HowdidSantiagoleadtothefindings?A.Byobservation.B.Bycomparison.C.Byanalyzingintelligencetests.D.Byaskingwomenquestions.56.BysayingThestudywassmallwhatdidSantiagomean?A.Thestudyreceivedlittleattention.B.ThestudyhasjuststarteD.C.ThestudywascarriedoutamongasmallgroupofpeoplE.D.A.smallgroupofresearcherswereinvolvedinthestudy.57.Whichofthefollowingwasdiscussedinthetext?A.Waystotestvisuospatialmemory.B.Whyhavingkidsimprovesmemory.C.Howyoungmothersaredifferentfromnever-pregnantwomen.D.ThenegativeeffectsthatworriesofwomenwithoutchildrenhavE.58.ItcanbeinferredthatSantiagobelievethefindingsofthestudy_________.A.maycauseaheateddiscussionamongparentsB.maycauseanincreaseinthebirthrateC.aretestedbyprevioussimilarstudiesD.areencouragingnewsformothers
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