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? ?阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句...
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? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1
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? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
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{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A项如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B项如果该句信息文章中没有提及请选择C项 ??????? ??????????? ???????{{B}}WhyIstheNativeLanguage LearntSoWell{{/B}}??Howdoesithappenthatchildrenlearntheir mothertonguesowell?Whenwecomparethemwithadultslearningaforeign languageweoftenfindthisinterestingfact.Alittlechildwithoutknowledge orexperienceoftensucceedsinacompletemasteryofthelanguage.Agrown-up personwithfullydevelopedmentalpowersinmostcasesmayendupwitha faultyandinexactcommand.Whataccountsforthisdifference?? ?Despiteotherexplanationstherealanswerinmyopinionliespartlyin thechildhimselfpartlyinthebehaviourofthepeoplearoundhim.Inthe firstplacethetimeoflearningthemothertongueisthemostfavourableof allnamelythefirstyearsoflife.Achildhearsitspokenfrommorningtill nightandwhatismoreimportantalwaysinitsgenuineformwiththeright pronunciationfightintonationrightuseofwordsandrightstructure.He drinksinallthewordsandexpressionswhichcometohiminaflesh ever-bubblingspring.Thereisnoresistance:thereisperfect assimilation.??Thenthechildhasasitwereprivatelessons alltheyearroundwhileanadultlanguage-studenthaseachweekalimited numberofhourswhichhegenerallyshareswithothers.Thechildhasanother advantage:hehearsthelanguageinallpossiblesituationsalwaysaccompanied bytherightkindofgesturesandfacialexpressions.?Herethereis nothingunnaturalsuchasisoftenfoundinlanguagelessonsinschoolswhen onetalksabouticeandsnowinJuneorscorchingheatinJanuaryAndwhata childhearsisgenerallywhatimmediatelyinterestshim.Againandagainwhen hisattemptsatspeecharesuccessfulhisdesiresareunderstoodand fulfilled.??Finallythoughachild’steachersmaynothave beentrainedinlanguageteachingtheirrelationswithhimarealwayscloseand personal.Theytakegreatpainstomaketheirlessons easy.Gesturesandfacialexpressionsmayassistachildinmasteringhisnativelanguage.
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? {{B}}TheWorld’sLongestBridge{{/B}}??Rumorhasitthatalegendary six-headedmonsterlurksinthedeepwatersoftheTyrrhenianSeabetweenItaly andtheislandofSicily.{{U}}?46?{{/U}}Whencompletedin2010the world’slongestbridgewillweighnearly300000tons—equivalenttothe icebergthatsanktheTitanic—andstretch5kilometerslong.That’snearly50 percentlongerthananyotherbridgeeverbuiltsaysstructuralengineerShane Rixon.??{{U}}?47?{{/U}}They’resuspensionbridges massivestructuresbuilttospanvastwaterchannelsorgorges.Asuspension bridgeneedsjusttwotowerstoshoulderthestructure’smammothweightthanks toheftysupportingcablesslungbetweenthetowersandanchoredfirmlyindeep poolsofcementateachendofthebridge.TheMessinaStraitBridgewillhave two54100-tontowerswhichwillsupportmostofthebridge’sload.Thebeefy cablesofthebridgeeach1.2meterindiameterwillholdupthelongestand widestbridgedeckeverbuilt.??Whenconstructionbeginsonthe MessinaStraitBridgein2005thefirstjobwillbetoerecttwo370meter-tall steeltowers.{{U}}?48?{{/U}}Gettingthesecablesupwillbesomething. It’snotjusttheirlength—totally5.3kilometers—buttheirweight. {{U}}?49?{{/U}}??Afterloweringverticalsuspender cablesfromthemaincablesbuilderswillerecta60meter-wide54630-ton steelroadwayordeck—wideenoughtoaccommodate12lanesoftraffic.The deck’sweightwillpulldownonthecableswithaforceof70500tons.In returnthecablesyankupagainsttheirfirmlyrootedanchorswithaforceof 139000tons—equivalenttotheweightofabout100000cars.Thoseanchorsare essential.{{U}}?50?{{/U}}??A?Some environmentalistsareagainsttheprojectonbiologicalgrounds.? ?B?Whatdotheworld’slongestbridgeshaveincommon?? ?C?Iftrueonedayyoumightspythebeastwhilezipping呼啸而过 acrosstheMessinaStraitBridge.??D?They’rewhatwillkeep thebridgefromgoinganywhere.??E?Thesecondjobwillbe topulltwosetsofsteelcablesacrossthestraiteachsetbeingabundleof 44352individualsteelwires.??F?Theywilltipupthe scalesat166500tons—morethanhalfthebridge’stotalmass.
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RichardWagner RichardWagner1813~1883isregardedbymany【51】TheRevolutionistofOperawhodemolishedalloldformsandwhoreconstructedthemusicdrama【52】principlesentirelyhisown.Inthestrictest【53】thisbeliefisnotjustifiedforWagnersimplyreturnedtotheoldestversionofthemusicdrama.HefoundthattheidealconstructionoftheoperainFlorencehadbeentoproduceworkinwhichthemusicdramaandinterpretationshouldbe【54】equalimportance.WagnerstudiedthechangesandabuseswhichGluckhad【55】correctandfoundthattheopera【56】ofthenineteenthcenturyhad【57】backintomanyoftheoldcustomswiththeresultthattherewasnolongeracomplete【58】ofthethreefundamentalsofopera. WagnertellsusinhisautobiographythathisearlylifewasinfluencedbythedramasofShakespearthesymphoniesofBeethovenandtheoperasofVonWeber.HisfirstoperaswereconstructedonthelinesoftheFrenchgrandopera.Thefirsttwowereabsolutefailuresbutwiththe【59】ofRienziin1842Wagnerwasproclaimedtheequalifnotthesuperior【60】BelliniDonizettiandMeyerbeer.Inthewritingofthisworkhehaddiscoveredthedramaticabsurditiesoftheform【61】inhisnextworkTheFlyingDutchmanheattemptedhisfirstimportantuseoftheleitmotiforcharacteristic【62】forhisdifferentpersonagesandalsousedthesethemesinanticipationoftheadventofhischaractersinamannerhelaterdescribedasmakingtheaudienceapartofthebeing.【63】hiswaytoDresdentoconductRienziWagnervisitedtheWartburgCastleandtherehebecamefamiliar【64】thelegendarystorieswhichheusedinallhislaterworks.TannhausergivesanactualdescriptionoftheMinnesingerKnightswhoinspiredWagner【65】TeutonicversionsofTheRingoftheNibelungsLohengrinTristanandIsoldeandParsifal.
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{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务123～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段第段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项分别完成每个句子 ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?{{B}}HowtoArguewithYourBoss{{/B}}??1?Beforeyou arguewithyourbosscheckwiththeboss’ssecretarytodeterminehismood.If heatenailsforbreakfastitisnotagoodideatoaskhimforsomething.Even withouttheboss’ssecretarytherearekeystotiming:don’tapproachtheboss whenhe’sondeadline;don’tgoinrightbeforelunchwhenheisapttobe distractedandrushed;don’tgoinjustbeforeorafterhehastakena vacation.??2?Ifyou’remadthatwillonlymakeyourboss mad.Calmdownfirst.Anddon’tletaparticularconcernopenthefloodgatesfor allyouraccumulatedfrustration.Thebosswillfeelthatyouthinknegatively aboutthecompanyanditishopelesstryingtochangeyourmind.Thenmaybehe willdismissyou.??3?Terribledisputescanresultwhen neithertheemployernortheemployeeknowswhatistheproblemtheotherwants todiscuss.Sometimesthefightwillgoawaywhentheissuesaremadeclear.The employeehastogethispointacrossclearlyinordertomaketheboss understandit.??4?Yourbosshasenoughonhismindwithout youraddingmore.Ifyoucan’tputforwardanimmediatesolutionatleast suggesthowtoapproachtheproblem.Peoplewhofrequentlypresentproblems withoutsolutionstotheirbossesmaysoonfindtheycan’tgetpastthe secretary.??5?Todealeffectivelywithabossit’s importanttoconsiderhisgoalsandpressures.Ifyoucanputyourselfinthe positionofbeingapartnertothebossthenhewillbenaturallymoreinclined toworkwithyoutoachieveyourgoals.Paragraph2______. ??A?KeepYourVoiceLowAlltheTime ??B?PutYourselfintheBoss’sPosition ??C?ProposeYourSolution ??D?Don’tGoinWhenYouAreAngry ??E?MaketheIssueClear ??F?NeverGivein
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? {{B}}Water{{/B}}??Fromthebeginningwaterhasfurnishedmanwitha sourceoffoodandahighwaytotravelupon.Thefirstcivilizationsarose{{U}} ?51?{{/U}}waterwasadominantelementintheenvironmenta challenge{{U}}?52?{{/U}}man’singenuity.TheEgyptiansinventedthe 365-daycalendarinresponsetotheNile’sannualflooding.TheBabylonians {{U}}?53?{{/U}}wereamongthemostfamouslaw-makersinancienttimes inventedlaws{{U}}?54?{{/U}}waterusage.WaterinspiredtheChineseto builda1000-{{U}}?55?{{/U}}canalacomplexsystemwhichafter nearly2500yearsremainsstillpractically{{U}}?56?{{/U}}andstill commandstheastonishmentofengineers.But{{U}}?57?{{/U}}neverfound completesolutionstotheirwaterproblems.TheYellowRiverisalsoknownas China’sSorrow;itissounpredictableanddangerous{{U}}?58 ?{{/U}}inasinglefloodithascausedamillion{{U}}?59?{{/U}}. Floodsslowedthegreat{{U}}?60?{{/U}}oftheIndusRiverValleyand inadequatedrainageruined{{U}}?61?{{/U}}ofitsland.Todaywater dominatesman{{U}}?62?{{/U}}italwayshasdone.Itspresencecontinues to{{U}}?63?{{/U}}thelocationofhishomesandcities;itsviolent variabilitycan{{U}}?64?{{/U}}manorhisherdsorhiscrops;its routeslinkshim{{U}}?65?{{/U}}hisfellows;itsimmensevaluemayadd toalreadydangerouspoliticalconflicts.Therearemanyexamplesofthisinour owntime.
{{*HTML*}}??下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每道题后面有4个选项{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????{{B}}Taxi Riding{{/B}}??Inamomentofpersonalcrisishowmuchhelpcanyou expectfromaNewYorktaxidriver?Ibeganstudyingthisquestionafter watchingtheTaxicabConfessionsaseriesofdocumentariesinwhichhidden camerasrecordthesecretsofunsuspectingtaxiriders.Ifoundtheresults varied.??OnemorningIgotintothreedifferenttaxisand announced:Wellit’smyfirstdaybackinNewYorkinsevenyears.I’vebeen inprison.NotasingledriverrepliedsoItriedagain.YeahIshotaman inRenoIexplainedhopingthedriverwouldaskmewhysoIcouldsay casuallyJusttowatchhimdie.Butnobodyasked.Theonlyresponsecamefrom aGhanaiandriver:Reno?ThatisinNevada???Taxidriverswere uniformlysympatheticwhenIsaidI’djustbeenfired.ThisisAmericaa Haitiandriversaid.Onedoorisclosed.Anotherisopen.Hearguedagainstmy plantobumdownmyboss’shouse:Ifyoudosomethingsillyandtheyputyou awayyoucannotlookforanotherjob.APakistanidrivereventurneddowna chancetoprofitfrommylossofhope:herefusedtotakemetothemiddleof theGeorgeWashingtonBridgea$20trip.Whyyouwanttogothere?Gohomeand relax.Don’tworry.Takeanewjob.??Oneveryhotweekdayin Julywhilewearingaredskimaskandholdingastuffedpillowcasewiththe wordBANKonitItriedhailingataxifivetimesoutsidedifferentbanks. Thedriverpickedmeupeverytime.MyridewithGuy-CaaudeThevenainaHaitian driverwastypicalofthesuperbassistanceIreceived.??Is anyonefollowingus???Nosaidthedriverlookinginhis rearviewmirrorattrafficandme.??Let’sgoacrosstheparkI said.IjustrobbedthebankthereIgot$25000.??$25000? heasked.??Yeahyouthinkitwaswrongtotakeit?? ?Noman.Iwork8hoursandIdon’tmakealmost$70.IfIcandothatI doittoo.??Asweapproached86thandLexingtonIpointedto theChemicalBank.??Heythere’sanotherbankIsaidcould youwaithereaminutewhileIgoinside???NoIcan’twait. Paymenow.Hisreluctancemayhavehadsomethingtodowithmoney—taxidrivers thinktherateforwaitingtimeistoolow—butIthinkhewantedmetolearn thatevenabankrobbercan’texpectunconditional support.Whatistheauthor’sinterpretationofthedriver’sreluctancetowaitoutsidetheChemicalbank?
{{*HTML*}}??下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每道题后面有4个选项{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????{{B}}Taxi Riding{{/B}}??Inamomentofpersonalcrisishowmuchhelpcanyou expectfromaNewYorktaxidriver?Ibeganstudyingthisquestionafter watchingtheTaxicabConfessionsaseriesofdocumentariesinwhichhidden camerasrecordthesecretsofunsuspectingtaxiriders.Ifoundtheresults varied.??OnemorningIgotintothreedifferenttaxisand announced:Wellit’smyfirstdaybackinNewYorkinsevenyears.I’vebeen inprison.NotasingledriverrepliedsoItriedagain.YeahIshotaman inRenoIexplainedhopingthedriverwouldaskmewhysoIcouldsay casuallyJusttowatchhimdie.Butnobodyasked.Theonlyresponsecamefrom aGhanaiandriver:Reno?ThatisinNevada???Taxidriverswere uniformlysympatheticwhenIsaidI’djustbeenfired.ThisisAmericaa Haitiandriversaid.Onedoorisclosed.Anotherisopen.Hearguedagainstmy plantobumdownmyboss’shouse:Ifyoudosomethingsillyandtheyputyou awayyoucannotlookforanotherjob.APakistanidrivereventurneddowna chancetoprofitfrommylossofhope:herefusedtotakemetothemiddleof theGeorgeWashingtonBridgea$20trip.Whyyouwanttogothere?Gohomeand relax.Don’tworry.Takeanewjob.??Oneveryhotweekdayin Julywhilewearingaredskimaskandholdingastuffedpillowcasewiththe wordBANKonitItriedhailingataxifivetimesoutsidedifferentbanks. Thedriverpickedmeupeverytime.MyridewithGuy-CaaudeThevenainaHaitian driverwastypicalofthesuperbassistanceIreceived.??Is anyonefollowingus???Nosaidthedriverlookinginhis rearviewmirrorattrafficandme.??Let’sgoacrosstheparkI said.IjustrobbedthebankthereIgot$25000.??$25000? heasked.??Yeahyouthinkitwaswrongtotakeit?? ?Noman.Iwork8hoursandIdon’tmakealmost$70.IfIcandothatI doittoo.??Asweapproached86thandLexingtonIpointedto theChemicalBank.??Heythere’sanotherbankIsaidcould youwaithereaminutewhileIgoinside???NoIcan’twait. Paymenow.Hisreluctancemayhavehadsomethingtodowithmoney—taxidrivers thinktherateforwaitingtimeistoolow—butIthinkhewantedmetolearn thatevenabankrobbercan’texpectunconditional support.FromtheGhanaiandriver’sresponsewecaninferthat
{{*HTML*}}??下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每道题后面有4个选项{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????{{B}}Taxi Riding{{/B}}??Inamomentofpersonalcrisishowmuchhelpcanyou expectfromaNewYorktaxidriver?Ibeganstudyingthisquestionafter watchingtheTaxicabConfessionsaseriesofdocumentariesinwhichhidden camerasrecordthesecretsofunsuspectingtaxiriders.Ifoundtheresults varied.??OnemorningIgotintothreedifferenttaxisand announced:Wellit’smyfirstdaybackinNewYorkinsevenyears.I’vebeen inprison.NotasingledriverrepliedsoItriedagain.YeahIshotaman inRenoIexplainedhopingthedriverwouldaskmewhysoIcouldsay casuallyJusttowatchhimdie.Butnobodyasked.Theonlyresponsecamefrom aGhanaiandriver:Reno?ThatisinNevada???Taxidriverswere uniformlysympatheticwhenIsaidI’djustbeenfired.ThisisAmericaa Haitiandriversaid.Onedoorisclosed.Anotherisopen.Hearguedagainstmy plantobumdownmyboss’shouse:Ifyoudosomethingsillyandtheyputyou awayyoucannotlookforanotherjob.APakistanidrivereventurneddowna chancetoprofitfrommylossofhope:herefusedtotakemetothemiddleof theGeorgeWashingtonBridgea$20trip.Whyyouwanttogothere?Gohomeand relax.Don’tworry.Takeanewjob.??Oneveryhotweekdayin Julywhilewearingaredskimaskandholdingastuffedpillowcasewiththe wordBANKonitItriedhailingataxifivetimesoutsidedifferentbanks. Thedriverpickedmeupeverytime.MyridewithGuy-CaaudeThevenainaHaitian driverwastypicalofthesuperbassistanceIreceived.??Is anyonefollowingus???Nosaidthedriverlookinginhis rearviewmirrorattrafficandme.??Let’sgoacrosstheparkI said.IjustrobbedthebankthereIgot$25000.??$25000? heasked.??Yeahyouthinkitwaswrongtotakeit?? ?Noman.Iwork8hoursandIdon’tmakealmost$70.IfIcandothatI doittoo.??Asweapproached86thandLexingtonIpointedto theChemicalBank.??Heythere’sanotherbankIsaidcould youwaithereaminutewhileIgoinside???NoIcan’twait. Paymenow.Hisreluctancemayhavehadsomethingtodowithmoney—taxidrivers thinktherateforwaitingtimeistoolow—butIthinkhewantedmetolearn thatevenabankrobbercan’texpectunconditional support.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? {{B}}TheWorld’sLongestBridge{{/B}}??Rumorhasitthatalegendary six-headedmonsterlurksinthedeepwatersoftheTyrrhenianSeabetweenItaly andtheislandofSicily.{{U}}?46?{{/U}}Whencompletedin2010the world’slongestbridgewillweighnearly300000tons—equivalenttothe icebergthatsanktheTitanic—andstretch5kilometerslong.That’snearly50 percentlongerthananyotherbridgeeverbuiltsaysstructuralengineerShane Rixon.??{{U}}?47?{{/U}}They’resuspensionbridges massivestructuresbuilttospanvastwaterchannelsorgorges.Asuspension bridgeneedsjusttwotowerstoshoulderthestructure’smammothweightthanks toheftysupportingcablesslungbetweenthetowersandanchoredfirmlyindeep poolsofcementateachendofthebridge.TheMessinaStraitBridgewillhave two54100-tontowerswhichwillsupportmostofthebridge’sload.Thebeefy cablesofthebridgeeach1.2meterindiameterwillholdupthelongestand widestbridgedeckeverbuilt.??Whenconstructionbeginsonthe MessinaStraitBridgein2005thefirstjobwillbetoerecttwo370meter-tall steeltowers.{{U}}?48?{{/U}}Gettingthesecablesupwillbesomething. It’snotjusttheirlength—totally5.3kilometers—buttheirweight. {{U}}?49?{{/U}}??Afterloweringverticalsuspender cablesfromthemaincablesbuilderswillerecta60meter-wide54630-ton steelroadwayordeck—wideenoughtoaccommodate12lanesoftraffic.The deck’sweightwillpulldownonthecableswithaforceof70500tons.In returnthecablesyankupagainsttheirfirmlyrootedanchorswithaforceof 139000tons—equivalenttotheweightofabout100000cars.Thoseanchorsare essential.{{U}}?50?{{/U}}??A?Some environmentalistsareagainsttheprojectonbiologicalgrounds.? ?B?Whatdotheworld’slongestbridgeshaveincommon?? ?C?Iftrueonedayyoumightspythebeastwhilezipping呼啸而过 acrosstheMessinaStraitBridge.??D?They’rewhatwillkeep thebridgefromgoinganywhere.??E?Thesecondjobwillbe topulltwosetsofsteelcablesacrossthestraiteachsetbeingabundleof 44352individualsteelwires.??F?Theywilltipupthe scalesat166500tons—morethanhalfthebridge’stotalmass.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??{{B}}SleepLetsBrainFileMemories{{/B}}??Tosleep. Perchancetofile?FindingspublishedonlinethisweekbytheProceedingsofthe NationalAcademyofSciencesfurthersupportthetheorythatthebrainorganizes andstowsmemoriesformedduringthedaywhiletherestofthebodyiscatching zzz’s.??GyorgyBuzsakiofRutgersUniversityandhiscolleagues analyzedthebrainwavesofsleepingratsandmice.Specificallytheyexamined theelectricalactivityemanatingfromthesomatosensoryneocortexanareathat processessensoryinformationandthehippocampuswhichisacenterfor learningandmemory.Thescientistsfoundthatoscillationsinbrainwavesfrom thetworegionsappeartobeintertwined.So-calledsleepspindlesburstsof activityfromtheneocortexwerefollowedtensofmillisecondslaterbybeats inthehippocampusknownasripples.Theteampositsthatthisinterplaybetween thetwobrainregionsisakeystepinmemoryconsolidation.??A secondstudyalsopublishedonlinethisweekbytheProceedingsofthe NationalAcademyofScienceslinksage-associatedmemorydeclinetohigh glucoselevels.??Previousresearchhadshownthatindividuals withdiabetessufferfromincreasedmemoryproblems.InthenewworkAntonio ConvitofNewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicineandhiscollaboratorsstudied 30peoplewhoseaverageagewas69toinvestigatewhethersugarlevelswhich tendtoincreasewithageaffectmemoryinhealthypeopleaswell.The scientistsadministeredrecalltestsbrainscansandglucosetolerancetests whichmeasurehowquicklysugarisabsorbedfromthebloodbythebody’s tissues.Subjectswiththepoorestmemoryrecollectiontheteamdiscovered alsodisplayedthepoorestglucosetolerance.Inadditiontheirbrainscans showedmorehippocampusshrinkagethanthoseofsubjectsbetterabletoabsorb bloodsugar.??Ourstudysuggeststhatthisimpairmentmay contributetothememorydeficitsthatoccuraspeopleageConvitsays.And itraisestheintriguingpossibilitythatimprovingglucosetolerancecould reversesomeage-associatedproblemsincognition.Exerciseandweightcontrol canhelpkeepglucoselevelsinchecksotheremaybeonemorereasontogoto thegym.WhatistheresultoftheexperimentwithratsandmicecarriedoutatRutgersUniversity?
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????{{B}}SpacinginAnimals{{/B}}? ?{{I}}FlightDistance{{/I}}??Anyobservantpersonhasnoticed thatawildanimalwillallowamanorotherpotentialenemytoapproachonlyup toagivendistancebeforeitflees.Flightdistanceisthetermsusedfor thisinterspeciesspacing.Asageneralrulethereisapositiverelationship betweenthesizeofananimalanditsflightdistance—thelargertheanimal thegreaterthedistanceitmustkeepbetweenitselfandtheenemy.Anantelope willfleewhentheenemyisasmuchasfivehundredyardsaway.Thewall lizard’sflightdistanceontheotherhandisaboutsixfeet.Flightisthe basicmeansofsurvivalformobilecreatures.??{{/I}}Critical Distance{{/I}}??Criticaldistanceapparentlyispresentwherever andwheneverthereisaflightreaction.Criticaldistanceincludesthenarrow zoneseparatingflightdistancefromattackdistance.Alioninazoowillflee fromanapproachingmanuntilitmeetsabarrierthatitcannotovercome.Ifthe mancontinuestheapproachhesoonpenetratesthelion’scriticaldistanceat whichpointthecorneredlionreversesdirectionandbeginsslowlytostalkthe man.??{{I}}SocialDistance{{/I}}??Socialanimalsneed tostayintouchwitheachother.Lossofcontactwiththegroupcanbefatal foravarietyofreasonsincludingexposuretoenemies.Socialdistanceisnot simplythedistanceatwhichananimalwilllosecontactwithhisgroup—that isthedistanceatwhichitcannolongerseehearorsmellthegroup—itis ratherapsychologicaldistanceoneatwhichtheanimalapparentlybeginsto feelanxiouswhenheexceedsitslimits.Wecanthinkofitasahiddenband thatcontainsthegroup.??Socialdistancevariesfromspeciesto species.Itisquiteshort—apparentlyonlyafewyards—amongsomeanimals andquitelongamongothers.??Socialdistanceisnotalways rigidlyfixedbutisdeterminedinpartbythesituation.Whentheyoungofapes andhumansaremobilebutnotyetundercontrolofthemother’svoicesocial distancemaybethelengthofherreach.Thisisreadilyobservedamongthe baboonsinazoo.Whenthebabyapproachesacertainpointthemotherreaches outtoseizetheendofitstailandpullitbacktoher.Whenaddedcontrolis neededbecauseofdangersocialdistanceshrinks.Toshowthisinmanonehas onlytowatchafamilywithanumberofsmallchildrenholdinghandsasthey crossabusystreet.Theexampleofthechildrenholdinghandswhencrossingthestreetinthelastparagraphshowsthat
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????{{B}}SpacinginAnimals{{/B}}? ?{{I}}FlightDistance{{/I}}??Anyobservantpersonhasnoticed thatawildanimalwillallowamanorotherpotentialenemytoapproachonlyup toagivendistancebeforeitflees.Flightdistanceisthetermsusedfor thisinterspeciesspacing.Asageneralrulethereisapositiverelationship betweenthesizeofananimalanditsflightdistance—thelargertheanimal thegreaterthedistanceitmustkeepbetweenitselfandtheenemy.Anantelope willfleewhentheenemyisasmuchasfivehundredyardsaway.Thewall lizard’sflightdistanceontheotherhandisaboutsixfeet.Flightisthe basicmeansofsurvivalformobilecreatures.??{{/I}}Critical Distance{{/I}}??Criticaldistanceapparentlyispresentwherever andwheneverthereisaflightreaction.Criticaldistanceincludesthenarrow zoneseparatingflightdistancefromattackdistance.Alioninazoowillflee fromanapproachingmanuntilitmeetsabarrierthatitcannotovercome.Ifthe mancontinuestheapproachhesoonpenetratesthelion’scriticaldistanceat whichpointthecorneredlionreversesdirectionandbeginsslowlytostalkthe man.??{{I}}SocialDistance{{/I}}??Socialanimalsneed tostayintouchwitheachother.Lossofcontactwiththegroupcanbefatal foravarietyofreasonsincludingexposuretoenemies.Socialdistanceisnot simplythedistanceatwhichananimalwilllosecontactwithhisgroup—that isthedistanceatwhichitcannolongerseehearorsmellthegroup—itis ratherapsychologicaldistanceoneatwhichtheanimalapparentlybeginsto feelanxiouswhenheexceedsitslimits.Wecanthinkofitasahiddenband thatcontainsthegroup.??Socialdistancevariesfromspeciesto species.Itisquiteshort—apparentlyonlyafewyards—amongsomeanimals andquitelongamongothers.??Socialdistanceisnotalways rigidlyfixedbutisdeterminedinpartbythesituation.Whentheyoungofapes andhumansaremobilebutnotyetundercontrolofthemother’svoicesocial distancemaybethelengthofherreach.Thisisreadilyobservedamongthe baboonsinazoo.Whenthebabyapproachesacertainpointthemotherreaches outtoseizetheendofitstailandpullitbacktoher.Whenaddedcontrolis neededbecauseofdangersocialdistanceshrinks.Toshowthisinmanonehas onlytowatchafamilywithanumberofsmallchildrenholdinghandsasthey crossabusystreet.Accordingtothepassagesocialdistancerefersto
RichardWagner RichardWagner1813~1883isregardedbymany【51】TheRevolutionistofOperawhodemolishedalloldformsandwhoreconstructedthemusicdrama【52】principlesentirelyhisown.Inthestrictest【53】thisbeliefisnotjustifiedforWagnersimplyreturnedtotheoldestversionofthemusicdrama.HefoundthattheidealconstructionoftheoperainFlorencehadbeentoproduceworkinwhichthemusicdramaandinterpretationshouldbe【54】equalimportance.WagnerstudiedthechangesandabuseswhichGluckhad【55】correctandfoundthattheopera【56】ofthenineteenthcenturyhad【57】backintomanyoftheoldcustomswiththeresultthattherewasnolongeracomplete【58】ofthethreefundamentalsofopera. WagnertellsusinhisautobiographythathisearlylifewasinfluencedbythedramasofShakespearthesymphoniesofBeethovenandtheoperasofVonWeber.HisfirstoperaswereconstructedonthelinesoftheFrenchgrandopera.Thefirsttwowereabsolutefailuresbutwiththe【59】ofRienziin1842Wagnerwasproclaimedtheequalifnotthesuperior【60】BelliniDonizettiandMeyerbeer.Inthewritingofthisworkhehaddiscoveredthedramaticabsurditiesoftheform【61】inhisnextworkTheFlyingDutchmanheattemptedhisfirstimportantuseoftheleitmotiforcharacteristic【62】forhisdifferentpersonagesandalsousedthesethemesinanticipationoftheadventofhischaractersinamannerhelaterdescribedasmakingtheaudienceapartofthebeing.【63】hiswaytoDresdentoconductRienziWagnervisitedtheWartburgCastleandtherehebecamefamiliar【64】thelegendarystorieswhichheusedinallhislaterworks.TannhausergivesanactualdescriptionoftheMinnesingerKnightswhoinspiredWagner【65】TeutonicversionsofTheRingoftheNibelungsLohengrinTristanandIsoldeandParsifal.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??{{B}}SleepLetsBrainFileMemories{{/B}}??Tosleep. Perchancetofile?FindingspublishedonlinethisweekbytheProceedingsofthe NationalAcademyofSciencesfurthersupportthetheorythatthebrainorganizes andstowsmemoriesformedduringthedaywhiletherestofthebodyiscatching zzz’s.??GyorgyBuzsakiofRutgersUniversityandhiscolleagues analyzedthebrainwavesofsleepingratsandmice.Specificallytheyexamined theelectricalactivityemanatingfromthesomatosensoryneocortexanareathat processessensoryinformationandthehippocampuswhichisacenterfor learningandmemory.Thescientistsfoundthatoscillationsinbrainwavesfrom thetworegionsappeartobeintertwined.So-calledsleepspindlesburstsof activityfromtheneocortexwerefollowedtensofmillisecondslaterbybeats inthehippocampusknownasripples.Theteampositsthatthisinterplaybetween thetwobrainregionsisakeystepinmemoryconsolidation.??A secondstudyalsopublishedonlinethisweekbytheProceedingsofthe NationalAcademyofScienceslinksage-associatedmemorydeclinetohigh glucoselevels.??Previousresearchhadshownthatindividuals withdiabetessufferfromincreasedmemoryproblems.InthenewworkAntonio ConvitofNewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicineandhiscollaboratorsstudied 30peoplewhoseaverageagewas69toinvestigatewhethersugarlevelswhich tendtoincreasewithageaffectmemoryinhealthypeopleaswell.The scientistsadministeredrecalltestsbrainscansandglucosetolerancetests whichmeasurehowquicklysugarisabsorbedfromthebloodbythebody’s tissues.Subjectswiththepoorestmemoryrecollectiontheteamdiscovered alsodisplayedthepoorestglucosetolerance.Inadditiontheirbrainscans showedmorehippocampusshrinkagethanthoseofsubjectsbetterabletoabsorb bloodsugar.??Ourstudysuggeststhatthisimpairmentmay contributetothememorydeficitsthatoccuraspeopleageConvitsays.And itraisestheintriguingpossibilitythatimprovingglucosetolerancecould reversesomeage-associatedproblemsincognition.Exerciseandweightcontrol canhelpkeepglucoselevelsinchecksotheremaybeonemorereasontogoto thegym.Inwhatwayismemoryrelatedtohippocampusshrinkage?
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务123～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段第段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项分别完成每个句子 ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?{{B}}HowtoArguewithYourBoss{{/B}}??1?Beforeyou arguewithyourbosscheckwiththeboss’ssecretarytodeterminehismood.If heatenailsforbreakfastitisnotagoodideatoaskhimforsomething.Even withouttheboss’ssecretarytherearekeystotiming:don’tapproachtheboss whenhe’sondeadline;don’tgoinrightbeforelunchwhenheisapttobe distractedandrushed;don’tgoinjustbeforeorafterhehastakena vacation.??2?Ifyou’remadthatwillonlymakeyourboss mad.Calmdownfirst.Anddon’tletaparticularconcernopenthefloodgatesfor allyouraccumulatedfrustration.Thebosswillfeelthatyouthinknegatively aboutthecompanyanditishopelesstryingtochangeyourmind.Thenmaybehe willdismissyou.??3?Terribledisputescanresultwhen neithertheemployernortheemployeeknowswhatistheproblemtheotherwants todiscuss.Sometimesthefightwillgoawaywhentheissuesaremadeclear.The employeehastogethispointacrossclearlyinordertomaketheboss understandit.??4?Yourbosshasenoughonhismindwithout youraddingmore.Ifyoucan’tputforwardanimmediatesolutionatleast suggesthowtoapproachtheproblem.Peoplewhofrequentlypresentproblems withoutsolutionstotheirbossesmaysoonfindtheycan’tgetpastthe secretary.??5?Todealeffectivelywithabossit’s importanttoconsiderhisgoalsandpressures.Ifyoucanputyourselfinthe positionofbeingapartnertothebossthenhewillbenaturallymoreinclined toworkwithyoutoachieveyourgoals.Itisnotwisetopresentthebosswithaproblem______.
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A项如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B项如果该句信息文章中没有提及请选择C项 ??????? ??????????? ???????{{B}}WhyIstheNativeLanguage LearntSoWell{{/B}}??Howdoesithappenthatchildrenlearntheir mothertonguesowell?Whenwecomparethemwithadultslearningaforeign languageweoftenfindthisinterestingfact.Alittlechildwithoutknowledge orexperienceoftensucceedsinacompletemasteryofthelanguage.Agrown-up personwithfullydevelopedmentalpowersinmostcasesmayendupwitha faultyandinexactcommand.Whataccountsforthisdifference?? ?Despiteotherexplanationstherealanswerinmyopinionliespartlyin thechildhimselfpartlyinthebehaviourofthepeoplearoundhim.Inthe firstplacethetimeoflearningthemothertongueisthemostfavourableof allnamelythefirstyearsoflife.Achildhearsitspokenfrommorningtill nightandwhatismoreimportantalwaysinitsgenuineformwiththeright pronunciationfightintonationrightuseofwordsandrightstructure.He drinksinallthewordsandexpressionswhichcometohiminaflesh ever-bubblingspring.Thereisnoresistance:thereisperfect assimilation.??Thenthechildhasasitwereprivatelessons alltheyearroundwhileanadultlanguage-studenthaseachweekalimited numberofhourswhichhegenerallyshareswithothers.Thechildhasanother advantage:hehearsthelanguageinallpossiblesituationsalwaysaccompanied bytherightkindofgesturesandfacialexpressions.?Herethereis nothingunnaturalsuchasisoftenfoundinlanguagelessonsinschoolswhen onetalksabouticeandsnowinJuneorscorchingheatinJanuaryAndwhata childhearsisgenerallywhatimmediatelyinterestshim.Againandagainwhen hisattemptsatspeecharesuccessfulhisdesiresareunderstoodand fulfilled.??Finallythoughachild’steachersmaynothave beentrainedinlanguageteachingtheirrelationswithhimarealwayscloseand personal.Theytakegreatpainstomaketheirlessons easy.Adults’knowledgeandmentalpowershindertheircompletemasteryofaforeignlanguage.
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A项如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B项如果该句信息文章中没有提及请选择C项 ??????? ??????????? ???????{{B}}WhyIstheNativeLanguage LearntSoWell{{/B}}??Howdoesithappenthatchildrenlearntheir mothertonguesowell?Whenwecomparethemwithadultslearningaforeign languageweoftenfindthisinterestingfact.Alittlechildwithoutknowledge orexperienceoftensucceedsinacompletemasteryofthelanguage.Agrown-up personwithfullydevelopedmentalpowersinmostcasesmayendupwitha faultyandinexactcommand.Whataccountsforthisdifference?? ?Despiteotherexplanationstherealanswerinmyopinionliespartlyin thechildhimselfpartlyinthebehaviourofthepeoplearoundhim.Inthe firstplacethetimeoflearningthemothertongueisthemostfavourableof allnamelythefirstyearsoflife.Achildhearsitspokenfrommorningtill nightandwhatismoreimportantalwaysinitsgenuineformwiththeright pronunciationfightintonationrightuseofwordsandrightstructure.He drinksinallthewordsandexpressionswhichcometohiminaflesh ever-bubblingspring.Thereisnoresistance:thereisperfect assimilation.??Thenthechildhasasitwereprivatelessons alltheyearroundwhileanadultlanguage-studenthaseachweekalimited numberofhourswhichhegenerallyshareswithothers.Thechildhasanother advantage:hehearsthelanguageinallpossiblesituationsalwaysaccompanied bytherightkindofgesturesandfacialexpressions.?Herethereis nothingunnaturalsuchasisoftenfoundinlanguagelessonsinschoolswhen onetalksabouticeandsnowinJuneorscorchingheatinJanuaryAndwhata childhearsisgenerallywhatimmediatelyinterestshim.Againandagainwhen hisattemptsatspeecharesuccessfulhisdesiresareunderstoodand fulfilled.??Finallythoughachild’steachersmaynothave beentrainedinlanguageteachingtheirrelationswithhimarealwayscloseand personal.Theytakegreatpainstomaketheirlessons easy.Fullexposuretothelanguagespokenduringthefirstyearsoflifepartlyensuresthechild’ssuccessoflearninghismothertongue.
Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegreetowhichtheycanbe{{U}}deliberately{{/U}}controlledandmodified.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????{{B}}SpacinginAnimals{{/B}}? ?{{I}}FlightDistance{{/I}}??Anyobservantpersonhasnoticed thatawildanimalwillallowamanorotherpotentialenemytoapproachonlyup toagivendistancebeforeitflees.Flightdistanceisthetermsusedfor thisinterspeciesspacing.Asageneralrulethereisapositiverelationship betweenthesizeofananimalanditsflightdistance—thelargertheanimal thegreaterthedistanceitmustkeepbetweenitselfandtheenemy.Anantelope willfleewhentheenemyisasmuchasfivehundredyardsaway.Thewall lizard’sflightdistanceontheotherhandisaboutsixfeet.Flightisthe basicmeansofsurvivalformobilecreatures.??{{/I}}Critical Distance{{/I}}??Criticaldistanceapparentlyispresentwherever andwheneverthereisaflightreaction.Criticaldistanceincludesthenarrow zoneseparatingflightdistancefromattackdistance.Alioninazoowillflee fromanapproachingmanuntilitmeetsabarrierthatitcannotovercome.Ifthe mancontinuestheapproachhesoonpenetratesthelion’scriticaldistanceat whichpointthecorneredlionreversesdirectionandbeginsslowlytostalkthe man.??{{I}}SocialDistance{{/I}}??Socialanimalsneed tostayintouchwitheachother.Lossofcontactwiththegroupcanbefatal foravarietyofreasonsincludingexposuretoenemies.Socialdistanceisnot simplythedistanceatwhichananimalwilllosecontactwithhisgroup—that isthedistanceatwhichitcannolongerseehearorsmellthegroup—itis ratherapsychologicaldistanceoneatwhichtheanimalapparentlybeginsto feelanxiouswhenheexceedsitslimits.Wecanthinkofitasahiddenband thatcontainsthegroup.??Socialdistancevariesfromspeciesto species.Itisquiteshort—apparentlyonlyafewyards—amongsomeanimals andquitelongamongothers.??Socialdistanceisnotalways rigidlyfixedbutisdeterminedinpartbythesituation.Whentheyoungofapes andhumansaremobilebutnotyetundercontrolofthemother’svoicesocial distancemaybethelengthofherreach.Thisisreadilyobservedamongthe baboonsinazoo.Whenthebabyapproachesacertainpointthemotherreaches outtoseizetheendofitstailandpullitbacktoher.Whenaddedcontrolis neededbecauseofdangersocialdistanceshrinks.Toshowthisinmanonehas onlytowatchafamilywithanumberofsmallchildrenholdinghandsasthey crossabusystreet.WhichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatedefinitionofFlightDistance?
Theyalways{{U}}mock{{/U}}mebecauseIamugly.
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务123～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段第段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项分别完成每个句子 ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?{{B}}HowtoArguewithYourBoss{{/B}}??1?Beforeyou arguewithyourbosscheckwiththeboss’ssecretarytodeterminehismood.If heatenailsforbreakfastitisnotagoodideatoaskhimforsomething.Even withouttheboss’ssecretarytherearekeystotiming:don’tapproachtheboss whenhe’sondeadline;don’tgoinrightbeforelunchwhenheisapttobe distractedandrushed;don’tgoinjustbeforeorafterhehastakena vacation.??2?Ifyou’remadthatwillonlymakeyourboss mad.Calmdownfirst.Anddon’tletaparticularconcernopenthefloodgatesfor allyouraccumulatedfrustration.Thebosswillfeelthatyouthinknegatively aboutthecompanyanditishopelesstryingtochangeyourmind.Thenmaybehe willdismissyou.??3?Terribledisputescanresultwhen neithertheemployernortheemployeeknowswhatistheproblemtheotherwants todiscuss.Sometimesthefightwillgoawaywhentheissuesaremadeclear.The employeehastogethispointacrossclearlyinordertomaketheboss understandit.??4?Yourbosshasenoughonhismindwithout youraddingmore.Ifyoucan’tputforwardanimmediatesolutionatleast suggesthowtoapproachtheproblem.Peoplewhofrequentlypresentproblems withoutsolutionstotheirbossesmaysoonfindtheycan’tgetpastthe secretary.??5?Todealeffectivelywithabossit’s importanttoconsiderhisgoalsandpressures.Ifyoucanputyourselfinthe positionofbeingapartnertothebossthenhewillbenaturallymoreinclined toworkwithyoutoachieveyourgoals.Paragraph4______.
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? {{B}}Water{{/B}}??Fromthebeginningwaterhasfurnishedmanwitha sourceoffoodandahighwaytotravelupon.Thefirstcivilizationsarose{{U}} ?51?{{/U}}waterwasadominantelementintheenvironmenta challenge{{U}}?52?{{/U}}man’singenuity.TheEgyptiansinventedthe 365-daycalendarinresponsetotheNile’sannualflooding.TheBabylonians {{U}}?53?{{/U}}wereamongthemostfamouslaw-makersinancienttimes inventedlaws{{U}}?54?{{/U}}waterusage.WaterinspiredtheChineseto builda1000-{{U}}?55?{{/U}}canalacomplexsystemwhichafter nearly2500yearsremainsstillpractically{{U}}?56?{{/U}}andstill commandstheastonishmentofengineers.But{{U}}?57?{{/U}}neverfound completesolutionstotheirwaterproblems.TheYellowRiverisalsoknownas China’sSorrow;itissounpredictableanddangerous{{U}}?58 ?{{/U}}inasinglefloodithascausedamillion{{U}}?59?{{/U}}. Floodsslowedthegreat{{U}}?60?{{/U}}oftheIndusRiverValleyand inadequatedrainageruined{{U}}?61?{{/U}}ofitsland.Todaywater dominatesman{{U}}?62?{{/U}}italwayshasdone.Itspresencecontinues to{{U}}?63?{{/U}}thelocationofhishomesandcities;itsviolent variabilitycan{{U}}?64?{{/U}}manorhisherdsorhiscrops;its routeslinkshim{{U}}?65?{{/U}}hisfellows;itsimmensevaluemayadd toalreadydangerouspoliticalconflicts.Therearemanyexamplesofthisinour owntime.
RichardWagner RichardWagner1813~1883isregardedbymany【51】TheRevolutionistofOperawhodemolishedalloldformsandwhoreconstructedthemusicdrama【52】principlesentirelyhisown.Inthestrictest【53】thisbeliefisnotjustifiedforWagnersimplyreturnedtotheoldestversionofthemusicdrama.HefoundthattheidealconstructionoftheoperainFlorencehadbeentoproduceworkinwhichthemusicdramaandinterpretationshouldbe【54】equalimportance.WagnerstudiedthechangesandabuseswhichGluckhad【55】correctandfoundthattheopera【56】ofthenineteenthcenturyhad【57】backintomanyoftheoldcustomswiththeresultthattherewasnolongeracomplete【58】ofthethreefundamentalsofopera. WagnertellsusinhisautobiographythathisearlylifewasinfluencedbythedramasofShakespearthesymphoniesofBeethovenandtheoperasofVonWeber.HisfirstoperaswereconstructedonthelinesoftheFrenchgrandopera.Thefirsttwowereabsolutefailuresbutwiththe【59】ofRienziin1842Wagnerwasproclaimedtheequalifnotthesuperior【60】BelliniDonizettiandMeyerbeer.Inthewritingofthisworkhehaddiscoveredthedramaticabsurditiesoftheform【61】inhisnextworkTheFlyingDutchmanheattemptedhisfirstimportantuseoftheleitmotiforcharacteristic【62】forhisdifferentpersonagesandalsousedthesethemesinanticipationoftheadventofhischaractersinamannerhelaterdescribedasmakingtheaudienceapartofthebeing.【63】hiswaytoDresdentoconductRienziWagnervisitedtheWartburgCastleandtherehebecamefamiliar【64】thelegendarystorieswhichheusedinallhislaterworks.TannhausergivesanactualdescriptionoftheMinnesingerKnightswhoinspiredWagner【65】TeutonicversionsofTheRingoftheNibelungsLohengrinTristanandIsoldeandParsifal.
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{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务123～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段第段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项分别完成每个句子 ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?{{B}}HowtoArguewithYourBoss{{/B}}??1?Beforeyou arguewithyourbosscheckwiththeboss’ssecretarytodeterminehismood.If heatenailsforbreakfastitisnotagoodideatoaskhimforsomething.Even withouttheboss’ssecretarytherearekeystotiming:don’tapproachtheboss whenhe’sondeadline;don’tgoinrightbeforelunchwhenheisapttobe distractedandrushed;don’tgoinjustbeforeorafterhehastakena vacation.??2?Ifyou’remadthatwillonlymakeyourboss mad.Calmdownfirst.Anddon’tletaparticularconcernopenthefloodgatesfor allyouraccumulatedfrustration.Thebosswillfeelthatyouthinknegatively aboutthecompanyanditishopelesstryingtochangeyourmind.Thenmaybehe willdismissyou.??3?Terribledisputescanresultwhen neithertheemployernortheemployeeknowswhatistheproblemtheotherwants todiscuss.Sometimesthefightwillgoawaywhentheissuesaremadeclear.The employeehastogethispointacrossclearlyinordertomaketheboss understandit.??4?Yourbosshasenoughonhismindwithout youraddingmore.Ifyoucan’tputforwardanimmediatesolutionatleast suggesthowtoapproachtheproblem.Peoplewhofrequentlypresentproblems withoutsolutionstotheirbossesmaysoonfindtheycan’tgetpastthe secretary.??5?Todealeffectivelywithabossit’s importanttoconsiderhisgoalsandpressures.Ifyoucanputyourselfinthe positionofbeingapartnertothebossthenhewillbenaturallymoreinclined toworkwithyoutoachieveyourgoals.Ifyouwanttoaskthebossforanythingitisimportanttofindoutfirst______. ??A?togivethebossyouradvice ??B?howheisfeeling ??C?thebossmayhave ??D?whatyoureallywanttotalktohimabout ??E?withoutsuggestingawaytosolveit ??F?howunhappyyouare
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