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“Confidence” is probably one of the most noticeable traits (特点) in the Americans. They show confid...
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高中英语《高考英语一轮复习 Module 1 British and American English单元综合测试 外研版必修5》真题及答案
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Thenewpackageofmeasuresisinevitablyacomplicatedone
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______fromothersoneshouldtakehispromise.
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Whenthingsfarawayseemindistinctoneisprobably______
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Whenitcomestosuccessinbusinessandsuccessinlifether
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since
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Thewordassumptionprobablymeans______.
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confidence in oneself
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Whenitcomestosuccessinbusinessandsuccessinlifether
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Everyonehasgottwopersonalities---theonethatisshowntotheworldandtheotherthatissecretandreal.Youdon'tshowyoursecretpersonalitywhenyouareawakebecauseyoucancontrolyourbehaviorbutwhenyouareasleepyoursleepingpositionshowtherealyou.Inanormalnightofcoursepeoplefrequentlychangetheirposition.Theimportantpositionistheonethatyougotosleepin.Ifyougotosleeponyourbackyouareaveryopenperson.Younormallytrustpeopleandyou'reeasilyinfluencedbyfashionandnewideas.Youdon'tliketoupsetpeoplesoyouneverexpressyourrealfeelings.You'requiteshyandyouaren'tveryconfident.Ifyousleeponyourstomachyouarearathersecretiveperson.Youworryalotandyou'realwayseasilyupset.You'reverystubbornbutyouaren'tveryambitious有雄心的.Youusuallylivefortodaynotfortomorrow.ThismeansthatyouenjoyhavingagoodtimE.Ifyousleepcurledup蜷缩youareprobablyaverynervousperson.Youhavealowopinionofyourselfandsoyou'reoftendefensivE.You'reshyandyoudon'tnormallylikemeetingpeoplE.Youprefertobeonyourown.Youareeasilyhurt.Ifyousleeponyoursideyouhaveusuallygotawellbalancedpersonality.Youknowyourstrengthsandweaknesses.Youareusuallycareful.Youhaveaconfidentpersonality.Yousometimesfeelnervousbutyoudon'toftengetdepresseD.YoualwayssaywhatyouthinkevenifitannoyspeoplE.60.Tinahardlytellshersecretstoherfriends.Sheprobablygoestosleep_______.A.curledupB.onhersideC.onherbackD.onherstomach61.Whendoesthesleepingpositionbestshowyoursecretpersonality?A.InthedaytimE.B.Atthebeginningofsleep.C.Atnight.D.Duringthedeepsleep.62.Youmayfindthepassagein_____.A.asciencemagazineB.aguidebookC.asportsnewspaperD.astorybook63.Whatdoesthepassagetellus?A.Sleepingonyoursideisthebestwayofsleeping.B.Changingpositionswillcausesleepingproblems.C.Sleepingpositionsshowpeople’ssecretpersonalities.D.Enoughsleepmakespeoplelookbetterandhealthier.
Whenseveralpeoplelookatthesamepersonitisnotunusualforeachofthemtoseedifferentthings;whenyouarealoneobservingonebehaviororapersonattwodifferenttimesyoumayseedifferentthings.Thefollowingsarebutsomeofthefactorsthatleadtothesevaryingperceptions感知认识:1Eachperson’sperceptionsofothersareformedbyhisorherownculturalconditioningeducationandpersonalexperiences.2Sometimesperceptionsdifferbecauseofwhatwechoosetoobserveandhowwedealwithwhat’veobserveD.Itisnotnecessarilytruethatpersonperceptionisbasedonobservationsofaparticularperson.Yourobservationsmaybetotallycontrolledbywhatothershavetoldyouaboutthisperson;oryoumayfocusprimarilyonthesituationorrolerelationship.Mostpeopledonotusethesamestandardtomeasuretheirparentstheirfriendsandstrangers.3Sometimesweseeonlywhatwewanttoseeordon’tseewhatmaybeobvioustoothersbecauseofourownneedsdesiresortemporaryemotionalstates.Thisisaprocessknownasselectiveperception.SelectiveperceptionisobviouslymoredifficultwhencontradictoryinformationisparticularlyobviousbutitcanbedonE.Wecanignorethestimulus—He’sbasicallyagoodboysowhatIsawwasnotshoplifting入店行窃.Wecanreducetheimportanceofthecontradictoryinformation—Allkidsgetintomischief顽皮.Takingabookfromabookstoreisn’tsuchabigdeal.Wecanchangethemeaningofthecontradictoryinformation—Itwasn’tshopliftingbecausehewasgoingtopayforitlater.51.Thefirstfactorgivenbytheauthorthataffectsourperceptionis______.A.ourhearingandvisualabilitiesB.culturalbackgroundandpersonalexperiencesC.theexperienceonelearnsfromothersD.criticalmeasurestakenbyotherpeople52.Whileobservingaparticularperson________.A.oneislikelytotakeallaspectsintoconsiderationB.onepaysmoreattentiontohis/heradvantagesC.childrenoftendifferfromgrown-upsinperceptionD.onetendstochoosecertainaspectstolookat53.Observationofthesamepersonbytwopeopleatthesametimemaydifferbecause______.A.theyfollowdifferentstandardsB.eitherofthemmaybeslowtocatchinformationC.thetimeforobservationisnotlongenoughD.eachofthemusesdifferentlanguagetoexpresshis/herimpressions54.TheunderlinedwordstimulusinParagraph4refersto______.A.somethingattractiveB.selectiveperceptionC.contradictoryinformationD.shoplifting55.Theworstthinginselectiveperceptionisthat______.A.theinformationreceivedrunsagainstyourdesireB.factscanbetwistedortotallyignoredC.importanceofthecontradictoryinformationcanbeoverrated估计过高D.misbehavedchildrenmaynotbepunished
Aswithmanyaspectsofmodernlifelightpollutionrepresentsbothatriumphoftechnologyandaminordisaster.ItdisruptsabasicrelationshipthathasevolvedbetweenhumansandthenaturalworlD.HistorianssuchasA.RogerEkrichhavenotedhowdarknessinfluencedculturalandsocialpractices.Theterritoryofintimacyandimaginationnightcanalsocarveoutarefugefromthenever-endingresponsibilitiesoftheday.IrememberrecentlybeinginTimesSquareandtherewassomuchlightthatitjustfeltlikewewereinadomedstadiumalmostlookingupatsomethingtotallyartificialaboveus.WhenmostAmericansarelivingnowincitiesandsuburbswherethey’regettinganywherefromtwodozentofourdozenstarsinsteadof2500whichisthenumberyoucouldseeonanormalnightwithnolightpollutionit’salmostlikewhybother?Idon’tknowifmostpeopleevenlookupandnoticethestars.Andcertainlywaybackwhenanightskywassomethingthatwouldtellyoustoriesaboutyourlifewe’rewaybeyondthat.IhaveverygoodfriendsinNewMexico.IsaidtohimitmustbeamazinghereatnightandIaskeddoyouhavestoriesassociatedwiththeconstellationsforexample?Hesaidwehaveawholelegendfilledwithstoriesabouthowtoliveandwhatagoodlifeis.HumancultureinAmericaistotallydisconnectedfromthatnow.ItwouldbeonethingifallthislightweredoinggooD.Butthefactisthatit’shavinganimpactonallthesecreaturesfrombirdstoturtlestoinsectsthatcan’tdoanythingaboutit.They’reatourmercy.TherearesomanythingswecoulddotocontrolitandtouseitintelligentlythatIlikeworkingwithanissuethattherearestepswecantakeimmediatelytoaddressthisproblem.1.ItisimpliedinParA.1thatnightiswhenpeople.A.canavoidthelifepressuretemporarilyB.getridofthedisasteroftechnologyC.experiencetheinfluenceofcultureD.canimaginesocialpracticesfreely2.TheexampleoflightinTimesSquareprovesthatpeoplecan’t.A.see2500starsonanormalnightB.learnabouttheirlifefromanightskyC.developarelationshipwithnatureatnightD.getanywherewithoutartificiallight3.AccordingtothewriterAmericanculture.A.tellsmainlyaboutwhatagoodlifeisB.iscloselyrelatedtotheconstellationsC.lacksthestoriesaboutthenightskyD.tendstotellpeoplehowtolive4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Lightpollutionneedsdealingwithrightaway.B.Nightskiesarepollutedbyartificiallight.C.TheMilkyWayisnevertobeseenagain.D.Speciesareendangeredbylightpollution.
Fromnowonneverspendyourprecioustimethinkingofreasonsforyourfailuresandshortcomings.Insteadrealizethattheseedsofsuccesswereplantedwithinyouwhenyouwereborn.Onlyyouhavethepowertomakethoseseedsgrow.Theseedsandthepowertogrowthemarecontainedinthebestmachineevercreated:thehumanminD.SuccessisachoiceandnotachancE.Youwerebornawinner.YoucanbeasuccessifonlyyoumaketherightchoicE.Youcannotbesuccessfulwithoutfirstdevelopingyourself-esteem自尊.Yourlevelofself-esteemisalwaysbasedonthedegreeofcontrolthatyouareabletohaveoveryourselfandthusoveryourlifE.Peoplewithlowself-esteemarepeoplewhodonotbelievethattheyhaveanypowerorresponsibilityfortheirlives.Theyareleavestossed摇摆bythewindsofchanceblownaboutwithanysuddenchangeintheweather.YoucancontrolyourlifeonlytothedegreethatyoubelievethatyouareresponsibleforeverythingthathappensinyourlifE.FailuresthinkthateverythinghappensbyaccidentandchancE.SuccessfulpeoplerealizethattheyareresponsiblE.Everythinghappensasaresultofsomething.Ifwecanidentifythecausewecancontroltheeffect.WeareresponsibleforwhatwechoosetothinkandbelievE.Onegenerallyrisestothelevelthatoneexpects.Weareresponsibleforsettingourexpectations.OursuccessisdependentuponourlevelofconfidencE.InshortinallareasofyourlifewhethertheyarefinancialphysicalemotionalorspiritualyouareresponsiblE.Onceyourecognizethisacceptitandfirmlybelieveityouareontheroadtosuccess.68.Peoplewithlowself-esteemarecomparedtoleavesbecausethey______.A.areeasilyaffectedbywindyweatherB.arereadytochangetheirmindsC.don’thavethepowertofacetheirfateD.can’tcontrolthemselves69.Loserswouldthinkthat______.A.theirfailureisonlybecauseofbadluckB.theydon’tmakeeffortstosucceedC.workinghardwillleadtosuccessD.successistheresultofhardwork70.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph5that______.A.successisachanceB.WearewhatwemakeusC.thoughtsandbeliefsaretheresultofcreativemindD.developingconfidenceistheonlywaytofuturesuccess71.Thelastparagraphservesas______.A.theproofoftheauthor’spointsB.anintroductiontoanothertopicC.theconclusionoftheargumentD.acomparisonbetweentwoviews
Belowarethetopfoursupermarketchainsintheworldin2012andthereasonsbehindtheirsuccess.TescoHeadquarteredinChestnutUnitedKingdomthisglobalgrocerystoreisoneofthelargestsupermarketchainsintermsofrevenuesandprofits.Ifwasfoundedin1919byJackCohen.Tescostorescanbefoundacrossallcontinents.EventhoughitwassetuponlyforfoodandbeveragesTescohasdrasticallybranchedoutnotonlyingeographicaltermsbutalsointermsofproducts.Whichnowincludeelectronicsclothinghealthcarehomeimprovementandevenfinancialservices.SafewayFoundedintheyear1915byayoungM.BSkaggs.Safewaydevelopedfromjustasmallgrocerystore杂货店onthefundamentalsofprovidingvaluetocustomersandnarrowprofitmargins.ThesuccessstoryofSkaggsbecomesmoreevidentwhenbytheendoftheyear1926hehadopenedalmost428storesacrosstenstates.AlmosttwoyearslaterSafewaywaslistedattheNewYorkStockExchange.AtpresenttherearemorethanfifteenhundredSafewaystoresacrossUSandCanadA.TheKrogerCompanyFoundedatCincinnatiOhioUSin1883byMr.BernardKrogertheKrogerCompanyisnowoneofthelargestsupermarketchainsnotonlyintheUS.butacrosstheworld.OverthelastcoupleofdecadestheKrogerCompanyhasvastlyexpandedbyacquiringpopularbrandnamesincludingthoseofOwen’sMarket.ItsstoresarelargelyspreadoutacrossMiddlE.WesternandCentralUnitedStates.Reve-GruppeReve–Gruppewasfoundedin1927andispresentlyheadquarteredatCologneGermany.Thissupermarketchainiseasilycountedamongthetopsupermarketchainsoftheworld.Itsvastlineofproductsincludesgroceryhomeimprovementpharmaceuticalscosmeticsopticalaswellasclothing.ItsstorescanbefoundinasmanyasfourteenEuropeancountriesprovidingemploymenttomorethan325000peoplE.56.Whichofthefollowingwasfoundedfirst?A.Tesco.B.Safeway.C.TheKrogerCompany.D.Reve-GruppE.57.WecanlearnfromthetextthatSafeway.A.wasinitiallysetuponlyforfoodB.developedfromasmallgrocerystoreC.hasabout3500storesnowD.hasbranchesinfourteenEuropeancountries58.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.TescowasfoundedfouryearsearlierthanSafeway.B.TescoandSafewayareheadquarteredinthesamecountry.C.Reve-Gruppeprovidesfinancialservices.D.SafewaywaslistedattheNewYorkStockExchangearound1928.59.AccordingtothepassagetheKrogerCompany.A.ispresentlyheadquarteredintheUnitedKingdomB.hasfifteenstoresintheUSandCanadaC.developedquicklybyacquiringpopularbrandnamesD.providesemploymentformorethan325000people60.Whatisthetopicofthepassage?A.AnintroductiontofourtopsupermarketchainsaroundtheworlD.B.Thehistoryoffourtopsupermarketschains.C.Thebackgroundoffoursupermarketchains.D.ThemostprofitablesupermarketchainsintheworlD.
Somepeoplethinkthatsuccessisonlyforthosewithtalentorthosewhogrowupintherightfamilyandothersbelievethatsuccessmostlycomesdowntoluck.I'mnotgoingtosaylucktalentandcircumstancesdon'tcomeintoplaybecausetheydo.Somepeoplearebornintotherightfamilywhileothersarebornwithgreatintelligenceandthat'sjusttherealityofhowlifeis.Howevertosucceedinlifeonefirstneedstosetagoalandthengraduallymakeitmorepractical.Andinadditiontothatinordertogetreallygoodatsomethingoneneedstospendatleast10000hoursstudyingandpractising.Tobecomegreatatcertainthingsit'llrequireevenmoretimetimethatmostpeoplewon'tputin.ThisisabigreasonwhymanysuccessfulpeopleadviseyoutodosomethingyoulovE.Ifyoudon'tenjoywhatyoudoitisgoingtofeellikeunbearablepainandwilllikelymakeyouquitwellbeforeyoueverbecomegoodatit.Whenyouseepeopleexhibitingsomegreatskillsorhavingachievedgreatsuccessyouknowthattheyhaveputinahugepartoftheirlifetogetthereatahugecost.It'ssometimeseasytothinktheygotluckyortheywerebornwithsomeraretalentbutthinkingthatwaydoesyounogoodandthere'sahugechancethatyou'rewronganyway.WhateveryoudoifyouwanttobecomegreatatityouneedtoworkdayinanddayoutalmosttothepointofaddictionandoveralongperiodoftimE.Ifyou'renotwillingtoputinthetimeandworkdon'texpecttoreceiveanyrewards.Consistenthardworkwon'tguaranteeyouthelevelofsuccessyoumaywantbutitwillguaranteethatyouwillbecomereallygoodatwhateveritisyouputallthatworkinto.1.Paragraph1mainlytalksabout________.A.thereasonsforsuccessB.themeaningofsuccessC.thestandardsofsuccessD.theimportanceofsuccess2.InParagraph2theunderlinedwordthatrefersto________.A.beinggoodatsomethingB.settingapracticalgoalC.puttinginmoretimeD.succeedinginlife3.Successfulpeoplesuggestdoingwhatonelovesbecause________.A.workmakesonefeelpainB.onetendstoenjoyhisworkC.onegivesuphisworkeasilyD.ittakesalotoftimetosucceed4.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A.Successfulpeopleliketoshowtheirgreatskills.B.Peoplesometimessucceedwithoutluckortalent.C.PeopleneedtoachievesuccessatthecostoflifE.D.Ithelpstothinkthatluckortalentleadstosuccess.5.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?A.Havingagoalisvitaltosuccess.B.Beinggoodisdifferentfrombeinggreat.C.OnecannotsucceedwithouttimeandpracticE.D.Lucktalentandfamilyhelptoachievesuccess.
Peoplearerudertodaybecausetheyarerushedandmore‘timepoor’thaneverbeforesaysPatsyRoweMannershavefallenofftheradar雷达.Duetoourstrongattractiontoelectronicequipmentitisawondermorepeopledon’twakeupeachmorningandgreetthesingingbirdswithacomplaint抱怨aboutthenoisE.Herearesomeexamplesofrudeness.SomepeopleprefertodoalmosteverythingovertheInternet.TothemdealingwithanactualhumanislikeanevolutionarystepbackwarD.Itfeelsveryslowbecausehumansdon’tworkat4Gspeeds.WhenyouhavedinnerwithfriendsyouwilloftennoticesomeonepayingmoreattentiontohismobilephonE.Wehaveprogrammedourselvestothinkthateverynewmessagebringslife-changingnewssotakingcallsandcheckingourtextsaremoreimportantthantalkingtothepeoplewearewith.Whatisworsesomepeopleeventendtosendanonymous匿名的rudemessagesbyemail.HoweverrudenessisneveracceptablE.Don’tassumeitisOKtoberudeifthepersonyou’reintouchwithwon’trecognizeyou.Ifyouhavesomethingawfultosayhavethecouragetofacethepersonandsayitwritealetteroremailandsignitorforgetit.Upsettingpeoplewithunsignedmessagesiscruelanddisgusting.Weshouldn′tblametechnologyforourshortcomings.Technologyisheretohelpusbutweshouldnotallowittotakeoverourlives.Animportantstepisacknowledgingourshortcomings.Peoplespendalotoftimepointingoutbadmannersbutitwouldbeevenmorehelpfulifwe′dpubliclyacknowledgegoodmannerswhenweseethem.27.WhatcanbeinferfromtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph1?A.Peoplecantellgoodfrombadbehavior.B.Radarisabletoobservehumanbehavior.C.Radarcanbeusedtopredicthumanbehavior.D.Peoplecarelittleabouttheirbehavior.28.Somepeoplearelesswillingtodealwithhumansbecause_______.A.theyaregrowingtooindependentB.theyarebecominglesspatientC.theyhavetohandlemanyimportantmessagesD.theyhavetofollowanevolutionarystepbackwarD.29.Theauthorthinkssendingunsignedawfulmessagesis_______.A.ridiculousB.acceptableC.disgustingD.reasonable30.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Technologywilltakeoverlivesoneday.B.TechnologycanneverbeblamedC.Weshouldkeeppointingoutmistakes.D.Weshouldapplaudgoodbehavior.
Everyonehasgooddaysandbaddays.Sometimesyoufeelasifyou’reontopoftheworldandallthequestionsonyourmathstestmightseemeasy.Butoccasionallyyoufeelhorribleandyoulosethingsandcannotfocusonourschoolwork.Formorethan20yearsscientistshavesuggestedthathighself-esteem自尊isthekeytosuccess.Nownewresearchshowsthatfocusingjustonbuildingself-esteemmaynotbehelpful.Insomecaseshavinghighself-esteemcanmakepeoplelesslikeableormoreupsetwhentheyfailinsomething.Forgetaboutself-esteemsaysJenniferCrockerapsychologistattheUniversityofMichiganUS.It’snottheimportantthing.FeelinggoodCrocker’sadvicemaysoundabitstrangE.Afterallfeelinggoodcanbegoodforyou.Studiesshowthatpeoplewithhighself-esteemarelesslikelytobedepressedanxiousshyorlonelythanthosewithlowself-esteem.Howeverafterreviewingabout18000studiesonself-esteemRoyBaumeisterapsychologistatFloridaStateUniversityhasfoundthatbuildingupyourself-esteemwillnotnecessarilymakeyouabetterperson.Hebelievesthatviolentpeopleoftenhavethehighestself-esteemofall.Healsosaid:There’snoevidencethatkidswithhighself-esteemdobetterinschool.ProblemsAlltypesofpeoplehaveproblems.Peoplewithhighself-esteemcanhavebigegos自我thatcanmakethemlesslikeablesaidKathleenVohsapsychologyprofessoratColumbiaUniversity.Peoplewithhighself-esteemtendtothinkmoreofthemselvesVOhssays.Peoplewithlowself-esteemaremorelikelytorelyontheirfriendswhentheyneedhelp.WhattodoResearcherssayitisbesttolistentoandsupportotherpeoplE.Findpositivewaystocontributetosociety.IfyoufailinsomethingtrytolearnfromtheexperiencE.Thebesttherapy药方istorecognizeyourfaultsVohssays.It’sOKtosay‘I’mnotsogoodatthat’andthenmoveon.68.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartontopoftheworldinParagraph2probablymean?A.Quitehelpful.B.Extremelyhappy.C.Veryunlucky.D.Ratherupset.69.Theconclusiondrawnfromthenewresearchshowsthathighself-esteem_____.A.isnotimportantatallB.makespeoplemorelikeableC.maynotbethekeytosuccessD.helpsyoudobetteratschool70.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoVohs?A.Feelinggooddoesn’tmeanyouleadahappylifE.B.Peoplewithhighself-esteemalwaysseekothers’help.C.Peoplewithhighself-esteemtendtobeselfish.D.Peoplewithlowself-esteemareoftenmorepopular.71.Wecaninferfromthetextthatthebesttherapymentionedinthelastparagraphismainlyforpeople_____.A.withhighself-esteemB.withlowself-esteemC.whocontributesignificantlytosocietyD.whoareinneedofsupport
StayonthebrightersideoflifeOneveryimportantcomponentofoptimismisgratitudeorfeelinggrateful.Infactthereisastrongconnectionbetweenagratefulattitudeandaheightenedsenseofwell-being.Appreciateallthepositivesinyourlifebystartingagratitudejournalinordertorememberwhatyou’regratefulfor.___36__Feelingdown?Insteadoffeelingsorryforyourselfwaitingfortheuniversetothrowyouabonetryactinglikeyou’rehappy—evenifyouaren’t.A.sinceresmileandaforcedsmilewillcausethesamechemicalreactionsinyourbrainsoyoucanactuallyfoolyourmindintofeelingbetterbymakingitreactchemicallyasifthingsweregoingwell.___37__Reassureyourselfthateverythingisgood—evenifyoudon’tfeelit.___38__Ifyou’restuckintraffictheneverythingelsemustbegoinghorriblytoosaysAnneParkerawellnesscounselor.Byblowingnegativeeventsoutofproportionyou’resettingyourselfupforfeelingdownallday.Insteadacknowledgethatyou’restuckintrafficbutalsobringtomindsomethinggoodlikethebeautifulsceneryoutsidethewindow.Thatwayyou’llgetinthehabitofforbiddingnegativecircumstancesfromblanketingyourwholeday.Swearingtolose20poundsortorunamarathonseemslikegoalsleadingtohappinessbuttheytaketimetoachievE.___39__YoumayevenendupadmittingthatyouhavebeendefeateD.Howeverifyoufocusonthesmallmilestonesthatoccuralongthewayyouwillfeelpositiveaboutyourprogresswhichwillgiveyouthestrengthtokeepgoing.___40_Trymakingsomeoneelse’sdaybetter.A.reportbyUnitedHealthcareandVolunteerMatchfoundthatvolunteersare72%morelikelytocharacterizethemselvesasoptimisticcomparedwithnon-volunteers.Plus89%ofvolunteerssaythatvolunteeringhasimprovedtheirsenseofwell-beingand92%saythatitenrichestheirsenseofpurposeinlifE.A.TrytohelpsomeoneinneeD.B.Wanttogiveyourattitudealift?C.Peopletendtothinkinaneither-orway.D.Actinanoptimisticway—smilelaughtellajokE.E.You’llfailtoappreciatemoreimportantthingsinyourlifE.F.Byfocusingonnothavingaccomplishedthemyetyouwillstarttofeeldownonyourself.G.ByrememberingthepleasantthingsinyourlifeyoucanactuallyturnanegativeattitudearounD.
ChoosingtheRightResolution决定MillionsofAmericansbegan2014withthesameresolutiontheystarted2013withagoaloflosingweight.HoweversettingweightlossasagoalisamistakE.Toreachourgoaloflosingweight---theoutputweneedtocontrolwhatweeat---theinput输入.Thatiswetendtocareabouttheoutputbutnottocontroltheinput.Thisisabadwaytoconstructgoals.Thealternativeistofocusyourresolutionontheinput.Insteadofresolvingtoloseweighttryanactionableresolution:I’llstophavingdesertforlunchorI’llwalkeverydayfor20minutes.Creatingagoalthatfocusesonawell-specifiedinputwilllikelybemoreeffectivethanconcentratingontheoutcomE.Recentlyanewsciencebehindincentives激励includingineducationhasbeendiscusseD.ForexampleresearcherRolandFryerwantedtoseewhatworksbestinmotivatingchildrentodobetterinschool.Insomecaseshegavestudentsincentivesbasedoninputlikereadingcertainbookswhileinotherstheincentiveswerebasedonoutputlikeresultsonexams.Hismainfindingwasthatincentivesincreasedachievementwhenbasedoninputbuthadnoeffectonoutput.Fryer’sconclusionwasthattheincentivesforinputsmightbemoreeffectivebecausetheydonotknowhowtodobetteronexamasidefromgeneralruleslikestudyharder.Readingcertainbooksontheotherhandisawell-settaskoverwhichtheyhavemuchmorecontrol.Aslongasyouhavedirectcontroloveryourgoalyouhaveamuchhigherchanceofsuccess.Andit’seasiertostartagainifyoufailbecauseyouknowexactlywhatyouneedtodo.IfyouwanttocutdownonyourspendingagoodgoalwouldbemakingmorningcoffeeathomeinsteadofgoingtoacafeforexamplE.Thisisawell-specifiedaction-basedgoalforwhichyoucanmeasureyoursuccesseasily.Spendinglessmoneyisn’tagoalbecauseit’stoogeneral.Similarlyifyouwanttospendmoretimewithyourfamilydon’tstopwiththisgeneralwish.ThinkboutanactionablehabitthatyoucouldadoptandsticktolikeafamilymovienighteveryWednesday.Inthelongrunthesenewgoalscouldbecomeahabit.29.Thewriterthinksthatsettingweightlossasagoalisamistakebecause_______.A.itishardtoachieveformostAmericansB.itisdependentontoomanythingsC.itisbasedonactionabledecisionsD.itisfocusedtoomuchontheresult30.InRolandFryer’sresearchsomestudentsdidbetterthantheothersbecause______.A.theyobeyedallthegeneralrulesB.theywererewardedforreadingsomebooksC.theypaidmoreattentiontoexamsD.theyweremotivatedbytheirclassmates31.Accordingtothewriterwhichofthefollowingstatementsisagoodgoal?A.I’llstudyharder.B.I’llcutdownmyexpenseC.I’llspendmoretimewithmyfamilyD.I’llgiveupdesert.32.Thewriterstronglybelievesthatweshould________.A.developgoodhabitsandfocusontheoutcomeB.beoptimisticaboutfinalgoalsandsticktothemC.setambitiousgoalsthatcanbalancetheinputandoutputD.pickspecificactionsthatcanbeturnedintogoodhabits
TherearemanythingsthatwewishtoachieveinlifE.Forsomewesetgoalsandobjectivesandforsomewedon’t.Trytorememberthelasttimeyousetagoaltoachieveacertaintask.Wereyouabletocompletethetaskinaneffectivemanner?Thetaskswhicharedonebysettingandmeetingdailygoalswilldefinitelybeusefulandrewardingexperiences.A.step-by-stepapproachtowardsachievingsmallergoalsisthekeytoachievinglargerones.Whenitcomestotheworkplaceeachandeveryemployeeisexpectedtomeetdailyresponsibilitiesandexpectations.Withorganizationsbecomingmoreandmorecompetitivetheimportanceofgoal-settingforemployeesisincreasing.Ithelpstheemployeetoperformbetterandincreaseshisorherefficiencyandtimemanagement.It’salsoimportantforeverystudenttosethighacademicgoalssoastobeabletobuildagoodcareer.Settinggoalsforcompletingthedailyschedulehelpsanemployeetofinishtheassignedtasksandtargetsinatimelymanner.Ifanemployeeisperformingthewayheorsheisexpectedtothenthiswillautomaticallyincreasetheperformanceoutputandproductivityofboththeemployeeandtheorganization.DailystudytargetsarethesamE.Thishelpsyoucompleteyourassignmentswithinthesettimethusputtinglesspressureonyouduringexamsandincreasingyourchancesofperformingwell.Howmanytimesyouhavetobeatworkonaweekendjusttocompleteyourwork?Howmanytimesyouhavehadtostayupallnighttocompleteyourhomeworkorstudyforyourexams?Hadyoufollowedyoursetgoalsandtargetsrightfromthebeginningyouwouldhavespentthetimerelaxingratherthanbeingbusyworkingorstudying!Settingupgoalsandobjectiveshelpsyouorganizeyourtimeandeffortsinanefficientmanner.Inperformingyourworkdiligentlyyouarelikelytokeepasteadypacewhenitcomestofulfillingyoursettargets.BecauseyouarealreadyontracktherewillbenounnecessaryworkloadandtimelimitsoveryourheaD.Thereforeanotherbenefitofeffectivegoal-settingislackofstressandamorecalmandrelaxedminD.Onlyastress-freeandcalmmindcanhouseprogressiveandproductivethoughts.A.calmmindcausespositivitywhichgoesalongwaytowardsincreasingyourabilitytoachievethepersonalgoalsyouhavesetforyourself.Eachandeveryhumanbeingaimstoachievetwothings:tofulfilldesiresandtoenjoylifE.Thisispossibleonlythroughproperdisciplineandtimemanagement.Goal-settingleadstonotonlyprofessionalgrowthbutalsopersonalgrowthanddevelopment.Youareexpectedtoknowthateverystepcountsandthatsettingupgoalsiseasybutfollowingthemonaconsistentbasisisdifficult.Thereforeifyouwanttobesuccessfulandalsoharvestthefruitsofyourhardworkyouneedtosticktoyoursetgoalsandbefocusedtowardsachievingthem.Realizethesignificantrolethatgoal-settingplaysinyourlifemakesurethatyoudoallyoucantoachievewhatyouwant.setyourgoalsworktowardsachievingthemandcelebrateyoursuccess!PassageoutlineSupportingdetailsSignificanceofgoal-settinginachievingsuccess*Infaceofcompetitionemployeeswithgoalscanperformbetteraswellas76______efficiencyandtimemanagement.*Studentswhowanttobuildagoodcareershouldattach77______tosettinghighacademicgoals.Increaseoutputandperformance*Bysettinggoalsanemployeescanincreaseoutputandperformanceinsteadof78_____completinghisorhertasks.*Studentscanhavelesspressureandperformwellwiththeaidofdailystudytargets.Helpintimemanagement*Youcanhaveyourtimeandefforts79____betterifyoufollowyoursetting–goalsfromthebeginning.*You’relikelytohavemoretimefor80_____insteadofoccupyingyourselfinworkingorstudying.Reduce81____levels*Chancesarethatyoucanfulfillyoursettargetssteadily82____tolackofunnecessaryworkloadandtimelimitsoveryourheaD.*Effectivegoal-settingis83____tothedevelopmentofarelaxedmindwhichcanresultinpositivity.Everystepcounts*Youshouldbe84_____thatit’sdifficulttofollowyourgoalsconsistently.*Yourhardworkwill85_____offifyousticktoyoursetgoalsstepbystep.
Youhearthesamecomplaintallthetime:Mymemoryisterrible.Isitallinthemindordorealchangestakeplaceinthebrainwiththepassingoftime?Theansweristhatthebrain’scellstheneuronsdeclineanddiewithage.HoweveraccordingtoProfessorArthurShimamuraoftheUniversityofCaliforniapeoplevarygreatlyinhowtheychangementallywithageaswellashowmuchtheirmentalabilitydeclines.Therearethreemainwaysinwhichmentalfunctionchanges.Thefirstconcernsspeedsuchashowquicklyyoucanreacttofast-movingincidentsontheroad.Driversintheirlateteenreactquicklybutoftendrivetoofastwhiletheover-60’saremorecarefulbutreactmoreslowly.72Thistypeofmentalslowingresultsfromareductionintheefficiencywithwhichthebrain’sneuronswork.73ThefactthatadultsfindithardertolearnmusicalinstrumentthanchildrenpointstoasecondtypeofmentaldeclinethelossoflearningabilitywithagE.Thepartofthebrainwhichisknowntocontrolnewlearningisparticularlysensitivetotheeffectsofaging.Themeanswehavetodependmoreondiariesandothermentalaidsaswegetoldertakelongertolearnanewlanguageandareslowertomasternewthingsatwork.Workingmemoryisthethirdbrainfunctionthatissensitivetotheeffectsofaging.Absent-mindednessoccursatallagesbecauseofimperfectionsintheworkingmemorysystem.Forexampleyoumaycontinuallyloseyourglassesorfindyourselfwalkingintoaroomofyourhouseonlytofindthatyoucannotrememberwhatyoucamefor.Suchabsent-mindednessalsooccursmoreoftenaswegetolder.74Howeverevidencealsoshowsthattheprincipleuseitorloseitappliestotheagingbrain.ProfessorShimamurastudiedagroupofuniversityprofessorswhowerestillmentallyactiveandcomparedtheirperformanceonneuropsychologicaltestswiththatofothersoftheiragegroupaswellaswithyoungerpeople.Hefoundthatonseveraltestsofmemorythementallyactiveprofessorsintheir60’sandearly70’sperformedbetterthanthoseofthesameageandaswellastheyoungergroup.72.Memorygetsworseaspeoplegrowolderbecause_________.A.thebrainstartstoproducetoomanyneuronsB.cellsinthebrainstoptheneuronsfromworkingC.thebrain’sneuronsdon’tworkaswellasbeforeD.whenpeoplegetoldtheycomplaintoomuch73.Whichofthefollowingwell-knownsayingsbestexpressestheideaofthethirdparagraph?A.AbirdinthehandisworthtwointhebushB.Youcan’tteachanolddognewtricks.老狗学不会新把戏意思就是新人的学习能力更强更快接受新事物C.Wherethere’sawillthere’saway.D.It’snevertoooldtolearn.74.WecanconcludefromShimamura’stestontheprofessorsthat_________.A.activemindsmightkeeptheirmemorybetterB.memorycanimprovewiththetimepassingonC.alloftheoldpeoplewillsuffermemorylossD.theprincipleuseitorloseitisobviouslywrong75.Thispassageismainlyabout_________.A.youthandagingB.problemsofgettingoldC.secretsofagoodmemoryD.agingandmentalability
Doesmoneybuyhappiness?No!Ahbutwouldalittlemoremoneymakeusalittlehappier?Manyofussmirk傻笑假笑andnoD.Thereiswebelievesomeconnectionbetweenfinancialfitnessandemotionalfulfillment.ThreeinfourAmericancollegestudents—nearlydoublethe1970proportion—nowconsideritveryimportantoressentialthattheybecomeverywellofffinancially.Moneymatters.Butasurprisingfactoflifeisthatincountrieswherenearlyeveryonecanaffordlife’snecessitiesincreasingwealthmatterssurprisinglylittlE.TheconnectionbetweenincomeandhappinessissurprisinglyweakobservedUniversityofMichiganresearcherRonaldInglehartinone16-nationstudyof170000peoplE.Oncecomfortablemoremoneyprovidesdiminishingreturns报酬递减.Thesecondpieceofpieorthesecond$100000nevertastesasgoodasthefirst.EvenlotterywinnersandtheForbes’100wealthiestAmericanssurveyedbyUniversityofIllinoispsychologistEdDienerhaveexpressedonlyslightlygreaterhappinessthantheaverageAmerican.Makingitbigbringstemporaryjoy.Butinthelongrunwealthislikehealth:itscompleteabsencecancreatesufferingbuthavingitdoesn’tguaranteehappiness.HappinessseemslessamatterofgettingwhatwewantthanofwantingwhatwehavE.Hasourhappinesshoweverfloatedupwardwiththerisingeconomictide?Arewehappiertodaythanin1940swhentwooutoffivehomeslackedashowerortub?Actuallywearenot.Since1957thenumberofAmericanswhosaytheyareveryhappyhasdeclinedfrom35to32percent.Meanwhilethedivorceratehasdoubledtheteensuicide自杀ratehasincreasednearlythreetimestheviolentcrimeratehasgoneupnearlyfourtimesanddepressionhasmushroomeD.EconomicgrowthhasprovidednoboosttohumanmoralE.Whenitcomestopsychologicalwellbeingitisnottheeconomy.IcallthissoaringwealthandshrinkingspirittheAmericanparadox.Morethaneverwehavebighousesandbrokenhomeshighincomesandlowconfidencesecuredrightsandreducedcivility.WearegoodatmakingalivingbutoftenfailatmakingalifE.Wecelebrateourprosperity繁荣butlongforapurposE.Wetreasureourfreedomsbutlongforconnection.Inanageofplentywefeelspiritualhunger.29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressestheauthor’sview?A.ThemoremoneyweearnthelessreturnswehavE.B.ThemoremoneyweearnthehappierwewouldbE.C.Inthelongrunmoneycannotguaranteehappiness.D.Inthelongrunhappinessgrowswitheconomy.30.Thesecond$100000nevertastesasgoodasthefirstbecause_____.A.itisnotsofreshasthefirst$100000B.itisnotsoimportantasthefirst$100000C.profitbroughtbyitislessthanthatfromthefirst$100000D.happinessbroughtbyitislessthanthatfromthefirst$10000031.Accordingtothepassagepeopledowellinmakingalivingbutdon’t_____.A.haveanyprimaryaimB.knowhowtospendmoneyC.knowhowtoenjoylifeD.keepintouchwithotherpeople32.Thethingsthathappenedafter1957aregiventoshowthat_____.A.people’sspiritualneedscannotbefulfilledbywealthB.familyproblemsbecomemoreandmoreseriousC.youngpeoplearenothappyabouttheirlifeD.socialcrimeshaveincreasedsignificantly
Owningasmartphonemaynotbeassmartasyouthink.ItmayletyousurftheInternetlistentomusicandsnapphotoswhereveryouarebutitalsoturnsyouintoaworkaholicitseems.A.studysuggeststhatbygivingyouaccesstoemailsatalltimestheall-singingall-dancingmobilephoneaddsasmuchastwohourstoyourworkingday.ResearchersfoundthatBritonsworkanadditional460hoursayearonaverageastheyareabletorespondtoemailsontheirmobiles.ThestudybytechnologyretailerPixmaniarevealstheaverageUKworkingdayisbetween9and10hoursbutafurthertwohoursisspentrespondingtoorsendingworkemailsormakingworkcalls.Morethan90percentofofficeworkershaveemail-enabledphoneswithathirdaccessingthemmorethan20timesaday.Almostoneintenadmitsspendinguptothreehoursoutsidetheirnormalworkingdaycheckingworkemails.Someworkersconfesstheyareoncallalmost24hoursadaywithnineoutoftensayingtheymakeworkemailsandcallsoutsidetheirnormalworkinghours.Theaveragetimeforfirstcheckingemailsisbetween6amand7amwithmorethanathirdcheckingtheirfirstemailsinthisperiodandaquartercheckingthembetween11pmandmidnight.GhadiHobeikamarketingdirectorofPixmaniasaidTheabilitytoaccessliterallymillionsofappskeepincontactviasocialnetworksandtakephotosandvideoaswellastextandcallhasmadesmartphonesinvaluableformanypeoplE.Howevertherearedrawbacks.Manycompaniesexpecttheiremployeestobeoncall24hoursadaysevendaysaweekandsmartphonesmeanthatpeopleliterallycannotgetawayfromwork.Themoreconstantlyincontactwebecomethemoreisexpectedofusinaworkcapacity容量.64.Whatcanweconcludefromthetext?A.AllthatglittersisnotgoldB.ItneverrainsbutpoursC.EverycoinshastwosidesD.It’snogoodcryingoverspiltmilk65.Theunderlinedwordaccessinginthethirdparagraphcanbereplacedby________.A.callingB.reachingC.gettingD.using66.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?A.TheaverageUKworkingtimeisbetweennineandtwelvehoursB.Nine-tenthsspentoverthreehourscheckingworkemailsC.One-fourthchecktheirfirstmailbetween11pmandmidnight.D.Theaveragetimeforfirstcheckingemailsisbetween6amand8am.67.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.workaholicslikesmartphones.B.Smartphonesbringaboutextrawork.C.smartphonesmakeourlifeeasier.D.Employersdon’tlikesmartphones.
Makingchoicesisnecessarybutnotalwayseasy.Manyofourexpressionstellaboutthisdifficulty.OneoftheseexpressionsisHobson’schoice.ItisoftenusedtodescribeadifficultchoicE.Butthatisnotwhatitreallymeans.Itsrealmeaningistohavenochoiceatall.TheHobsonintheexpressionwasThomasHobson.Mr.HobsonownedmanyhorsesinCambridgE.Mr.HobsonoftenrentedhishorsestothestudentsatCambridgeUniversity.Buthedidn’treallytrustthemtotakegoodcareofthehorses.Sohehadarulethatpreventedthestudentsfromridinghisbesthorses.Theycouldtakethehorsethatwasnearestthestabledoor.Ortheycouldnottakeanyhorseatall.ThusaHobson’schoicewasreallynochoicE.Anotherexpressionforhavingnorealchoiceisbetweenarockandahardplace.Itisoftenusedtodescribeadifficultsituationwithfewchoices—noneofthemisgooD.ForexampleyourbossmayaskyoutoworklatE.Butyouhaveplanstogotoamoviewithyourfriends.Ifyourefusetoworkyourbossmaygetangry.Butifyoudonotgotothemovieswithyourfriendstheymaygetangry.Sowhatdoyoudo?Youarecaughtbetweenarockandahardplace.Anotherexpression—betweenthedevilandthedeepbluesea—alsogivesyouachoicebetweentwoequallydangerousthings.Itsmeaningseemsclear.Youcanchoosethedevilandhisburningfiresofhell.OryoucanchoosetodrownintheseA.Someexpertsinlexicology词汇学saytheexpressioncomesfromthedaysofwoodenships.Thedevilisawordforaseambetweentwopiecesofwoodalongthewaterlineofaship.Iftheseamorcrackbetweenthetwopiecesofwoodbeginstoleak漏thenasailormustfixit.Thesailororderedtomaketherepairswasinadangeroussituation.Hewashungoverthesideoftheshipworkingbetweenthedevilandthedeepbluesea.Thereisstillanotherexpressionthatdescribesasituationwithonlybadchoices—onthehornsofadilemma左右为难.Thedictionarysaysadilemmaisasituationinwhichyoumustmakeadecisionbetweentwoequallybalancedchoices.Whenyourdilemmahashorns角makingachoicebecomesimpossiblE.Whenyouareonthehornsofadilemmanomatterwhichhornyouchoosesomethingbadwillhappen.41.WecouldlearnfromMr.Hobson’sstorythathe.A.wantedtoteachthestudentsalessonB.likedtomakethingsdifficultforthestudentsC.didn’tpermitthestudentstoridehisbesthorsesD.didn’tknowthestudentsweregoodatridinghorses42.Ifyouarecaughtbetweenthedevilandthedeepblueseayou.A.havenochoicebuttowaitandseeB.cannotescapebeingpunishedbythedevilC.willfallintothedeepblueseasoonerorlaterD.finditextremelydifficulttomakerightchoices43.TheunderlinedwordseaminParagraph4refersto.A.thelinewheretwopiecesofwoodmeetB.thepieceofwoodwhichbeginstoleakC.thesideoftheshipwhichwasbeinghungoverD.thesailororderedtorepairthebrokensideoftheship44.Whichofthefollowingexpressionsdoesn’tmeanbadchoices?A.BetweenthedevilandthedeepblueseA.B.Hobson’schoicE.C.BetweenarockandahardplacE.D.OnthehornsofadilemmA.45.Forwhatpurposedoestheauthorwritethepassage?A.TotellushowtomakechoicesinourdailylifE.B.Toexpresshowdifficultitistomakerightchoices.C.Totalkaboutthedifferencesofsomeusefulexpressions.D.Totellushowtoexpressthedifficultyofmakingchoices.
EveryonewantssomethinginlifelovemoneysuccessYettoomanypeoplefailtoachievetheirgoalsandnearlyallofthemareforthesamereason.It’struethatterriblethingsdohappentopeopleduringtheirlivesthoughnofaultoftheirownwhichmaymakethemfeelcutup.Generallyspeakinghowevergettingwhatyoureallywantoutoflifeisjustamatterofthefollowingthreesimplesteps.Firstlyyouhavetodecidewhatitisyouwantthemost.Butdonotmakealistofwishes;trytofocusononethingatatimE.Ifyou’renotsureaboutwhereyouwanttogoyou’dbetterthinkitoverfirstandnothurrytostart.Secondlycreateanactionplan.Thiswillbeyourmapforgettingfromwhereyouarenowtowhereyouwanttogo.Youknowwhatyouwantwhatstepsyouaregoingtotaketogetit.Forexampleifyouwantabetterjobstartwithaskillsassessment评估andmaybesomeextratraining.Thenyou’llneedtosellyourselfandyourskillseithertoyourpresentemployerortoanewemployer.Othergoalswillrequireabitmorethought.SomewillreallygetyoulostwithoutaclueofhowtogettherE.Nottoworrythoughbooksbiographiesandsuchcanbeofgreathelp.Thethirdandfinalstepistoexecute.DowhatyouplanneD.Takethestepsyououtlined勾勒onyourroadmapandkeepgoingonallthetimE.Ifyourunintosomepeoplewhoareagainstyousimplyignorethem.Nevergiveupthegoal.Keeppushing.Whateveryoudodonotloseheartuntilyouhavewhatyoudesireinyourhands.Neverthinkthatyoucan’tturnyourdreamintoareality.63.What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.HowtoMeettheChallengesB.FindingaGoodJobC.WhatArePeopleLookingFor?D.GettingWhatYouReallyWant64.TheunderlinedwordexecuteinParagraph6canbereplacedby___.A.actB.insistC.planD.determine65.Whatarewetoldinthepassage?A.Weshouldalwaysignoretheideasgivenbypeoplewhoareagainstus.B.Welistallourwishesonapieceofpaperbeforecreatinganactionplan.C.Weshouldnevergiveupourdreamswhateverhappens.D.WeshouldturntobooksorbiographiesforhelpwheneverintroublE.
WhenitcomestosuccessinbusinessandsuccessinlifetherearefewqualitiesasimportantasconfidencE.PeoplenaturallyhavedifferentlevelsofconfidencE.Somehaveahigherlevelofconfidencethanothersdobuteventhosewhoseconfidenceislackingcanlearntobuildtheirlevelofconfidenceandreachtheirmostimportantgoals.Increasingselfconfidenceisoneofthemostcommonreasonspeoplegiveforseekingthehelpofpsychologistsandotherprofessionals.OneofthemanyplaceswhereagreaterlevelofconfidenceisusefulisintheworkplacE.WeallknowhowdifficultitcanbeforinstancetoaskthebossforaraisE.Thisprocesscanbeextremelydifficultforthosewholackconfidenceintheirownabilities.Afterallifyouareunsureaboutyourownabilitieshowwillyoueverconvinceyourbossthatyoudeservemoremoneyfortheworkyoudo?Evenifyouarenotaskingforthatbigraisehavingplentyofconfidenceinyourabilitiesisimportanttosuccess.Ifyouarecertainofyourabilitieschancesarethatthosearoundyouwhethertheyareyourcoworkersyourcolleaguesoryoursuperiorswillseethatconfidenceandthatwillhelptoassurethemthatyouarethebestatwhatyoudo.BeingthoughtofasthepersontogotoandbeingseenasanexpertinyourchosenfieldisnaturallyveryimportanttosuccessonthejoB.Ifyoucanmakeyourselfthepersonpeoplegotoforguidanceandadviceyouwillhelptoprotectyourselffromtheeverpresentdangerofdownsizing.Afterallifyouarearecognizedexpertattheofficeyouwillberegardedasanindispensablememberoftheteam.HavingahighlevelofconfidenceafteralldoesnotmeanoverlookingtheplaceswhereyoucouldimprovE.KnowingwhatyoudowellandwhereyouneedhelpwillhelpyouenjoyincreasedsuccessandconfidencE.8.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theinfluenceofconfidenceonone’slifE.B.Theimportanceofconfidencetosuccess.C.Thedifferenceofpeople’sconfidencE.D.Thejudgmentonone’sconfidencE.9.Psychologistsandotherprofessionalscanofferhelptothose_____.A.whothinktheirgoalsarehardtoreachB.whoexpecttogiveguidancetoothersC.whowanttoaskthebossforaraiseD.whodreamtoberecognizedexperts10.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordindispensableinParagraph5probablymean?A.importantB.attractiveC.outgoingD.energetic11.Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Tooverlookone’sdisadvantages.B.Tomakefulluseofone’sadvantages.C.Tohavegreatconfidenceinone’sabilities.D.Tomakeobjectiveevaluationsofone’sabilities.
Howmenfirstlearnedtoinventwordsisunknown;inotherwordstheorigin起源oflanguageisamystery.Allwereallyknowisthatmenunlikeanimalssomehowinventedcertainsoundstoexpressthoughtsandfeelingsactionsandthingssothattheycouldcommunicatewitheachother;andthatlatertheyagreeduponcertainsignstheycalledletterswhichcouldbecombinedtorepresentthosesoundsandwhichcouldbewrittendown.Thosesoundswhetherspokenorwritteninletterswecallwords.Thepowerofwordsthenliesintheirassociations关联—thethingstheybringupbeforeourminds.Wordsbecomefilledwithmeaningforusbyexperience;andthelongerwelivethemorecertainwordsrecalltousthegladandsadeventsofourpast;andthemorewereadandlearnthemorethenumberofwordsthatmeansomethingtousincreasE.Greatwritersarethosewhonotonlyhavegreatthoughtsbutalsoexpressthesethoughtsinwordswhichappealpowerfullytoourmindsandfeelings.ThischarmingandtellinguseofwordsiswhatwecallliterarystylE.Abovealltherealpoetisamasterofwords.Hecanconvey传达hismeaninginwordswhichsinglikemusicandwhichbytheirpositionandassociationcanmovementotears.WeshouldthereforelearntochooseourwordscarefullyandusethemaccuratelyortheymakeourspeechsillyandrudE.24.What’sthemainpointofthesecondparagraph?A.Theconnectionsbetweenwordsmakewordspowerful.B.Theexperiencemakeswordsmoreandmoremeaningful.C.Thepowerofwordshasmuchrelationshipwithone’sagE.D.One’svocabularyincreasesmainlywiththegrowingyears.25.What’sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Greatwritersmusthavegreatthoughtsandfeelings.B.Theachievementsinliteraryalsoexpressthepowerofwords.C.Therealpoetisamasterofwordsandamusicianaswell.D.It’simportanttochoosewordscarefullywhenmakingspeech.26.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordtellingaccordingtothepassage?A.Saying.B.Recognizing.C.ViviD.D.Angry.27.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheHistoryofWordsB.TheOriginofWordsC.ThePowerofwordsD.TheFutureofWords
Tousitseemssonaturaltoputupanumbrellatokeepthewateroffwhenitrains.Butinfacttheumbrellawasnotinventedasprotectionagainsttherain.Itsfirstusewasasashade遮蔽againstthesun.Nobodyknowswhofirstinventeditbuttheumbrellawasusedinveryancienttimes.ProbablythefirsttouseitweretheChinesebackintheeleventhcenturyBC.WeknowthattheumbrellawasusedinancientEgyptandBabylonasasunshadE.Andtherewasastrangethingconnectedwithitsuse:itbecameasymbolofhonorandpower权力.IntheFarEastinancienttimestheumbrellawasallowedtobeusedonlybythatinhighofficesorbyroyalpeoplesuchasthekingsorqueens.InEuropetheGreekswerethefirsttousetheumbrellaasasunshadE.TheumbrellawasincommonuseinancientGreecebutitisbelievedthatthefirstpeopleinEuropetousetheumbrellaasprotectionagainsttherainweretheancientRomans.DuringthemiddleagesinEuropetheuseoftheumbrellaalmostdisappeareD.ThenitappearedagaininItalyinthelatesixteenthcentury.Andagainitbecameasymbolofpower.Umbrellashavenotchangedmuchinstyleduringallthistimethoughtheyhavebecomemuchlighterinweight.Itwasn'tuntilthetwentiethcenturythattheumbrellasforwomenbegantobemadeinallkindsofcolors.56.Theunderlinedwordroyalmightmean_inChinesE.A.皇室的B.富裕的C.中产的D.平民的57.Accordingtothepassagetheumbrellawasprobablyfirstusedinancient______.A.Egypt.B.BabylonC.RomeD.China58.Ancientpeoplefirstusedumbrellasas____.A.asymbolofhonorB.protectionagainstthesunC.asymbolofpowerD.protectionagainsttherain59.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.TheancientGreeksusedtheumbrellaintheirdailylifE.B.Europeanshardlyusedtheumbrelladuringthemiddleages.C.Theumbrellasforwomenweremadecolorfulinancienttimes.D.Thestyleoftheumbrellahasn'tchangedalotsinceitwasinvented60.Thispassageismainlyabout_____.A.thesalesoftheumbrellaB.thedifferencesamongumbrellasC.theinventionoftheumbrellaD.thehistoryandtheuseoftheumbrella
EveryonehasheardoftheAmericanDreamwhichformanymeanshavingabighouseanexpensivecarandajobwithahighsalary.ButasurveyhasrevealedthatattitudestowardsuccessintheUSarechangingandmaterialpossessionsarelessimportantthanbeforE.A.surveypublishedinMaybyAmericanExpressaUSfinancialservicescompanyfoundthatthosesurveyeddefine定义successbywhattheydomorethanbywhattheyhave.Healthagoodrelationshipandanenjoyablejobratherthanawell-paidonefeaturedamongthetopfivecontributorstopersonalsuccess.Ofthenearly2200USadultswhoweresurveyed61percentsaidtheydefineotherpeople’ssuccessbytheirhappinesslevelsnottheirincome27percent.Only33percentconsidermoneytobethekeytoasuccessfullifE.FromdifficultytohappinessAccordingtoTheHuffingtonPosttheUS’financialcrisis危机andhighjoblessrateplayedanimportantroleinchangingattitudestowardsuccess.AlthoughmanysufferedfromfinancialproblemstheexperiencealsohelpedthemtorealizewhatisimportantintheirlifE.GlenPizzolorussoaUScitizenisoneofthem.In2007whenhewas29Pizzolorussowasearning$100000605112yuanamonthandownedseveralhousesandcarsincludingaPorsche911.Whenthefinancialcrisishitin2009helosteverything.ButinsteadoffeelingbrokenPizzolorussofoundhappiness.IbegantorealizethethingsIhadbeensonaive天真的tooverlook:mychildrenmyhealthandsomeofthegreatestfriendsontheplanet.AndthebestpartofitwasthiswasallfreehetoldtheNPR.ThisrealizationledPizzolorussotochangehisdefinitionofsuccess.IwasactuallyashamedIhadearnedsomuchmoneyandtheonlythingIhadtoshowforitwasahandfulofpictures.Ihadn’thelpedanyonebutmyself.IcouldhavedonesomanypositivethingswiththemoneyIearnedbutIfailedto.GiveandyouwillreceiveInastudypublishedinMaytwoprofessorsfromHarvardUniversityintheUSarguethatitispossibletobuyhappiness–ifyouspendmoneyonlifeexperiencesandotherpeoplE.Evensomethingsmalllikegoingoutforamealorlittleshifts改变inhowyouspend$5or$10canbringhappinesstopeoplE.BecauseexperiencesaremoreemotionallyinvolvingthansimplybuyingstuffMichaelNortononeoftheprofessorstoldBostonmagazinE.Moneymattersbutsocialexperiencesandthatfeelingthatyoumaybehadanimpactonsomeone’slife–thesearethingsthatarehelpfulforyouroverallbeinghesaiD.Experiencesget[better]inourmemoriesovertimE.Everytimewethinkbackthosememoriesgetbetterandbetterandbetter.USonrightpathThesurveyresultsfromAmericanExpresssupportthat.Theyshowthat72percentofUSadultswouldratherspendmoneyonexperiencesthanthings.Ofthosewhoconsiderthemselvestobesuccessful66percentsaidtheymakeadifferenceinotherpeople’slivesand56percentgivebacktosociety.47.Whichofthefollowingisnowconsideredmoreimportantasasignofpersonalsuccess?A.Havingahighsocialstatus.B.Beingabletospendmoneyonothers.C.Havingahappyfamily.D.Havingallkindsofexperiences.48.WhathaschangedAmericanpeople’sattitudestowardsuccessaccordingtoTheHuffingtonPost?A.Thetrendofreturningtofamily.B.Publiccampaignsaskingpeopletospendonothers.C.TheeconomiccrisisandunemploymentratE.D.PersonalfinancialfailuresandothersetbacksinlifE.49.Whyishappinesssomethingthatyoucanbuyaccordingtothearticle?A.Becausepeoplefeelgoodwhentheyspendmoneyonothers.B.BecausespendingmoreonexperiencesoftenleadstochangesinyourattitudetowardlifE.C.BecausethefeelingofhavinganimpactonotherswillmakespeoplereflectonwhattheyoverlookinlifE.D.Becausespendingmoneyonothersimprovesyoursocialrelationships.50.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.MostAmericanpeopleconsidermoneytobethekeytoasuccessfullifE.B.ManyAmericanpeoplehavebeguntovaluetimewithchildrenandfriends.C.About72percentofAmericanpeoplepreferlifewithlessmoney.D.66percentofthosewhoconsiderthemselvessuccessfulgivebacktosociety.
Lifeisdifficult.Butlifeisnolongerdifficultoncewetrulyunderstandandacceptit.Mostdonotfullyseethistruth.Insteadtheycomplainabouttheirproblemsanddifficultiesasiflifeshouldbeeasy.Itseemstothemthattheirdifficultiesrepresentaspecialkindofsufferingespeciallyforceduponthemorelseupontheirfamiliestheirclassoreventheirnation.Whatmakeslifedifficultisthattheprocessoffacingandsolvingproblemsispainful.Problemsdependingontheirnaturecauseussadnessorlonelinessorregretorangerorfear.Theseareuncomfortablefeelingsoftenasanykindofphysicalpain.Andsincelifecausesanendlessseriesofproblemslifeisalwaysdifficultandisfullofpainaswellasjoy.Yetitisinthiswholeofsolvingproblemsthatlifehasitsmeaning.ProblemsaretheserioustestthattellssuccessfromfailurE.WhenwedesiretoencouragethegrowthofthehumanspiritweencouragethehumanabilitytosolveproblemsjustasinschoolwesetproblemsforourchildrentosolvE.Itisthroughthepainofmeetingandworkingourproblemsthatwelearn.AsBenjaminFranklinsaidThosethingsthathurtinstruct.Itisforthisreasonthatwisepeoplelearnnottofearbuttowelcomethepainofproblems.30.Thewriterusesjustoneshortsentenceinthefirstparagraphprobablyto_________.A.makeasuggestionB.persuadereadersC.makereaderslaughD.getreaders’attention31.Accordingtothepassagewegiveschoolchildrendifficultproblemstosolveinorderto__________.A.encouragethemtolearnB.makethemsufferC.maketheirlifeeasierD.helpthemunderstandlifeisdifficult32.Thosethingsthathurtinstruct.fromBenjaminFranklinsuggeststhat________.A.wedonotlearnfromexperienceB.wedonotlearnwhenweareinpainC.painteachesusimportantlessonsD.paincannotbeforgotten33.Fromthepassageitcanbeinferredthat__________.A.noteverybodyhasthesameproblemsB.webecomestrongerbyfacingandsolvingtheproblemsinlifeC.lifeisdifficultbecauseourproblemsbringuspainD.peopleliketocomplainabouttheirproblems
Doyouwanttoimprovethewayyoustudy?Doyoufeelnervousbeforeatest?Manystudentssaythatalackofconcentrationistheirbiggestproblem.Itseriouslyaffectstheirabilitytostudysodotheirtestresults.Ifsousethesetipstohelpyou.StudyTechniqueslYoushouldalwaysstudyinthesameplacE.Youshouldn’tsitinapositionthatyouuseforanotherpurposE.Forexamplewhenyousitonasofatostudyyourbrainwillthinkitistimetorelax.Don’twatchTVwhileyouarestudying.Expertswarnthatyourconcentrationmaybereducedby50percentifyouattempttostudyinthisway.Alwaystrytohaveawhitewallinfrontofyousothereisnothingtodistractmakelessconcentratedyou.BeforesittingdowntostudygathertogetheralltheequipmentyouneeD.Apartfromyourtextbookspenspencilsandknivesmakesureyouhaveadictionary.Ifyourstudydeskortableisneededwhenyouarenotstudyingstoreallyourequipmentinaboxbesideit.lYoureyeswillbecometiredifyoutrytoreadatextwhichisonaflatsurfacE.Positionyourbookatanangleof30degrees.lBerealisticanddon’ttrytocompletetoomuchinonestudyperioD.Finishonethingbeforebeginninganother.Ifyouneedabreakgetupandwalkaroundforafewminutesbuttrynottotelephoneafriendorhavesomethingtoeat.Test-takingSkillslAllyourhardworkwillbefornothingifyouaretoonervoustotakeyourtest.Gettingplentyofrestisveryimportant.Thismeansdonotstudyallnightbeforeyourtest!Itisabetterideatohavealong-termstudyplan.Trytomakeatimetableforyourstudywhichlastsforafewmonths.lExerciseisagreatwaytoreducepressurE.Doingsomeformofexerciseeverydaywillalsoimproveyourconcentration.Eathealthyfoodtoo.lWhenyouarriveintheexaminationroomfindyourseatandsitdown.Breatheslowlyanddeeply.Checkthetimeontheclockduringthetestbutnottoooften.Abovealltakenonoticeofeveryoneelseandgivethetestpaperyourundividedattention.60.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Youshouldstudyinadifferentplaceeverydaysoyoudon’tgetboreD.B.YourconcentrationwillimproveifyoustudyandwatchTVatthesametimE.C.CheckthetimeduringtheexamatacertaintimE.D.StayingupallnightandstudyingistiringbutyouwilllearnalotusingthismethoD.61.Whatdoestheunderlinedworditreferto?A.YourstudydeskortablE.B.Yourtextbook.C.Yourdictionary.D.TheequipmentyouneeD.62.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Youshouldn’tlookateveryoneelseduringthetest.B.You’llconcentratemoreifthereisnothingtodistractyou.C.Youwillhaveenoughenergytodealwithyourstudyandexamsbyeatinghealthydiet.D.Ifyoufeeltiredduringstudyyoucanwalkaroundforafewminutes.
Thereisnodenyingthatformorethanagenerationcollegeeducationhasbeenacceptedwithouttheslightestdoubt.Allhighschoolgraduatesoughttogosaysconventionalwisdomandstatisticalevidencebecausecollegewillhelpthemearnmoremoneybecomebetterpeopleandlearntobemoreresponsiblecitizensthanthosewhodon’tgo.ButcollegehasneverbeenabletoworkitsmagicforeveryonE.Andnowthatclosetohalfourhighschoolgraduatesareattendingthosewhodon’tfitthepatternarebecomingmorenumerousandmoreobvious.Collegegraduatesaresellingshoesanddrivingtaxis;collegestudentsinterferewitheachother’sexperimentsandwritefalselettersofrecommendationinthefiercecompetitionsoastogetadmittedintograduateschools.Othersfindnostimulation激励intheirstudiesandconsequentlyhavetodropoutwhichisoftenencouragedbycollegeadministrators.Someobserverssaythefaultiswiththeyoungpeoplethemselves--theyarespoiledandtheyareexpectingtoomuch.Butthat’sacondemnation谴责ofthestudentsasawholeanddoesn’texplainallcampusunhappiness.Othersblamethestateoftheworldandtheyarepartlyright.Wehavebeentoldthatyoungpeoplehavetogotocollegebecauseoureconomycan’tabsorbanarmyofuntrainedeighteen-year-olds.Butdisappointedgraduatesarelearningthatitcannolongerabsorbanarmyoftrainedtwenty-two-year-oldseither.Somecampuswatchershaveopenlybeguntosuggestthatcollegemaynotbethebestthepropertheonlyplaceforeveryyoungpersonafterthecompletionofhighschool.Wemayhavebeenlookingatallthosesurveysandstatisticsupsidedownitseemsandthroughtherosy玫瑰般的glowofourownrememberedcollegeexperiences.Perhapscollegedoesn’tmakepeopleintelligentambitioushappyliberalorquicktolearnthings—maybeitisjusttheotherwayaroundandintelligentambitioushappyliberalquick-learningpeoplearemerelytheoneswhohavebeenattractedtocollegeinthefirstplacE.Andperhapsallthosesuccessfulcollegegraduateswouldhavebeensuccessfulwhethertheyhadgonetocollegeornot.Thisisheresy异端邪说tothoseofuswhohavebeenbroughtuptobelievethatifalittleschoolingisgoodmorehastobemuchbetter.Butcontraryevidenceisbeginningtocomeup.55.Accordingtothefirstparagraph___________________.A.peoplenownolongerchallengecollegeeducation.B.peoplestillhavealowopinionofcollegeeducation.C.theauthorthinksyoungstersshouldallgotocollegE.D.peoplehavegreatexpectationsforcollegeeducation.56.Moreyoungpeopledropoutofcollegebecause_________.A.theyarenolongermotivatedintheirstudies.B.theycanstartsellingshoesanddrivingtaxis.C.theycompeteforadmissiontograduateschools.D.collegeadministratorsencouragethemtodoso.57.Whodoestheauthorthinkistoblameforcampusunhappiness?A.youngstudentswhoareallspoiledandexpectingtoomuch.B.oursocietythatcan’tofferenoughjobstocollegegraduates.C.oursocietythathasnotenoughjobsforhighschoolgraduates.D.youngpeopleaswellasoursocietyaretoblameforallthis.
Tablemannersareverydifferentineverycountry.ForexamplewhenyouareinEnglandyoumustnotliftyoursoupplatetoyourmouth.ThisisveryimpolitE.ButwhenyouareinJapanthisiscompletelynormal.LiftingyourplatetoyourmouthinJapanisatraditionalwayofdrinkingyoursoup.AndalsoinJapanyoudon’thavetoworryaboutmakinganoisewhenyoudrinkit.Itjustshowsthatyoureallylikethefood!ButitisnotthesameinBritainsoyoushouldn’tmakeanoisewheneatingtherE.InBritainpeopledon’tputtheirhandsorarmsonthetableduringthemeal.ButinMexicoguestskeeptheirhandsonthetableallthetimE.Infactyoushouldwatchwhatyourhandsdoverycarefully.InArabcountriesitisimpolitewhenyoueatwithyourlefthandsodon’tdoit!Inalltheculturesitisimpolitetospeakwhenyouareeating.InUkraineyoushouldnotstarteatingfirst;youshouldwaitforalltheotherstostarteatingwithyou.Youalsohavetosaypleaseandthankyoueverytimeyouaskforandgetsomething.Ifyoudon’tlikesomefooddon’tmakefacesanddon’tsay:Yuk!Ihatethat!Thebestwaytoavoidmakingmistakesinothercountriesistowatchthehostandtrytodoashedoes.21.Itisimpolitetoliftthesoupplatetoyourmouthin_____.A..JapanB.EnglandC..UkraineD.Mexico22.WhenyouareeatinginJapanmakinganoisemeansthat_____.A.youfeelillB.youdislikethefoodC.youlikethefoodD.youareveryhungry23.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.KeepingyourhandsonthetableispoliteinBritainbutimpoliteinMexico.B.InArabcountriesyoushouldeatwithyourrighthanD.C.Speakingwhenyou’reeatingisimpolitejustinsomecultures.D.InUkraineit’satraditionthattheguesteatsfirst.24.Howdoesthetextmainlydevelop?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Byexplainingreasons.C.ByfollowingtheorderoftimE.D.ByfollowingtheorderofimportancE.
Usingtoomuchwaterorthrowingrubbishintoourriversareclearwaysthathumanscanputourwatersupplyindangerbutwealsoaffectourwatersupplyinlessobviousways.Youmaywonderhowpaving铺砌aroadcanleadtolessuseablefreshwater.A.majorpartofthewaterweuseeverydayisgroundwater.Groundwaterdoesnotcomefromlakesorrivers.ItcomesfromundergrounD.Themoreroadsandparkinglotswepavethelesswatercanflowintothegroundtobecomegroundwater.Humanactivityisnotresponsibleforallwatershortages短缺.Drierclimatesareofcoursemorelikelytohavedroughts干旱thanareaswithmorerainfallbutinanycasegoodmanagementcanhelptomakesurethereisenoughwatertomeetourbasicneeds.Thinkingaboutthewayweusewatereverydaycanmakeabigdifferencetoo.IntheUnitedStatesafamilyoffourcanuse1.5tonsofwateraday!Thisshowshowmuchwedependonwatertolivebutthere'salotwecandotolowerthenumber.YoucantakestepstosavewaterinyourhomE.Tostartwithusethesameglassforyourdrinkingwaterallday.Washitonlyonceaday.Runyourdishwasher洗碗机onlywhenitisfull.HelpyourparentsfixanyleaksinyourhomE.Youcanevenhelptokeepourwatersupplycleanbyrecyclingbatteriesinsteadofthrowingthemaway.8.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytoleadtolessgroundwater?A.Usingriverwater.B.Pavingparkinglots.C.Throwingbatteriesaway.D.Throwingrubbishintolakes.9.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Ittakesalotofefforttomeetourwaterneeds.B.Allwatershortagesareduetohumanbehavior.C.ThereismuchwecandotoreducefamilysizE.D.TheaveragefamilyinAmericamakesproperuseofwater.10.Thelastparagraphisintendedto________.A.showushowtofixleaksathomeB.tellushowtorunadishwasherC.suggestwhatwedotosavewaterathomeD.provewhatdrinkingglassisbestforus11.Thetextismainlyabout________.A.whypavingroadsreducesourwaterB.howhumanactivityaffectsourwatersupplyC.whydroughtsoccurmoreindryclimatesD.howmuchwedependonwatertolive
Ifyou’retravellinginthefollowingcitiestheseexcitingeventsmaydragyououtofthehousE.CONCERTSMaydayNoah’sArkWorldTourInfo:Jul13Xiamen;Jul19/20Shanghai;Aug3Shenzhen;Aug17BeijingTherockbandMaydayisabouttobringtheirattractivetourtoanend—andasusualit’sgoingtohappeninagrandway.OnAug17theywillrocktheNationalStadiumortheBird’sNestStadiumandholdtheirlastNoah’s诺亚方舟ArkconcertinChinabeforeheadingtoEuropeinSeptember.TanyaChua2013ConcertTourInfo:Aug10Shanghai;Aug31BeijingInhermusiccareerofmorethan15yearsthe38-year-oldSingaporeansinger-songwriterhasneverbeenshortofpopularsongsthatastonishtheheart.Nowforthefirsttimesince2008whensheplayedasmallChristmasconcertinShanghaiChuaisvisitingChinaaspartofaconcerttour.THEATERWhatisSuccess?Director:EdwardLamPerformers:ChuHung-changEthanWeiShiYi-hsiuInfo:Aug9-10Guangzhou;Aug16-17Chongqing;Aug29-Sept1BeijingInPartThreeofEdwardLam’sFourGreatClassicsSerieswhichlooksbackatLuoGuanzhong’snovelRomanceoftheThreeKingdomsitissuretogiveyouasurprisE.Willitbetrue?Findoutforyourself!ToLiveDirector:MengJinghuiPerformers:HuangBoYuanQuanInfo:Jul30-Aug4Beijing;Aug6-7Tianjin;Aug9-11Hangzhou;Aug13-18ShanghaiAftertheirworldshowinSeptembertheaterdirectorMengJinghuiandhisteamarebackforanothertouraroundChinA.WhileaudiencescanrenewtheirmemoriesofYuHua’snewrealismworksfilmstarsHuangBoandYuanQuanwillalsoimpressaudienceswiththeirexcellentperformancE.EXHIBITIONSAndyWarhol:15MinutesEternal永恒Info:Apr29-Jul28ShanghaiLaunchedin2012—the25thanniversaryofthepopartistAndyWarhol’sdeath—theexhibitionbringsthelargestevercollectionofWarhol’sworktoAsiA.Itincludesmorethan300paintingsphotographsdrawingsand3-DartincludinghisworkssuchasMarilynMonroeMaoCampbell’sSoupandSelf-Portrait.61.Youmayfindtheaboveadvertisements____.A.inanewspaperB.inaschoolmagazineC.inastorewindowD.onacompanynotice-board62.TherockbandMaydayisgoingtogiveconcertsin____aftertheyperforminBeijing.A.AustraliaB.JapanC.EuropeD.theUSA63.TanyaChua2013ConcertTourisher____concertinChinA.A.thirdB.fourthC.firstD.second64.TravellinginHangzhouonAug10youcanwatchfilmstarHuangBo’sworks____.A.WhatisSuccessB.ToLiveC.Campbell’sSoupD.Self-Portrait65.Themainpurposeoftheadvertisementsistotellyou____whenyouareinthesecities.A.howtoenjoytheseactivitiesB.howtoimproveyourartisticlevelC.howtoamuseyourselvesD.whattoenjoy
Noonegetsthroughlifewithoutexperiencingmanydisappointments.Strangelythoughmostpeopleseemunpreparedfordisappointmentandreacttoitinnegativeways.Theyfeeldepressedortrytoescapefromtheirtroublesinsteadofusingdisappointmentasanopportunityforgrowth.Onenegativereactiontodisappointmentisdepression.A.womantryingtowinapromotionforexampleworkshardforoverayearinherdepartment.Helenissosureshewillgetthepromotion.HoweverthebossnamesoneofHelen’sco-workersforthespot.DeeplydepressedHelenlosesherenthusiasmforherjobandcanbarelyforceherselftoshowupeveryday.Helentellsherselfthatsheisafailureandthatdoingagoodjobjustisn’tworththework.AnothernegativereactiontodisappointmentisthedesiretoescapE.Kevinfailstogetintothecollegehisbrotherisattendingthecollegethatwasthefocusofallhisdreamsanddecidestoescapehisdisappointment.Whyworryaboutcollegeatall?Insteadhecoversuphisrealfeelingsbygivinguponhisschool-workandgettingcompletelyinvolvedwithfriendspartiesandgoodtimes.Thepositivewaytoreacttodisappointmentistouseitasachanceforgrowth.Thisisn’teasybutit'stheonlyusefulwaytodealwithaninevitablepartoflifE.Helenthewomanwhowasnotpromotedcouldhavehandledherdisappointmentbylookingatotheroptions.Ifherbossdidnotrecognizehertalentandhardworkperhapsshecouldtransfertoanotherdepartment.Orshecouldaskthebosshowtoimproveherperformancesothatshecouldprepareforthenextpromotion.Kevintheboywhodidn'tgetintothecollegeofhischoiceshouldlookintootherschools.Goingtoanothercollegemayencouragehimtobehisownpersonstepoutofhisbrother'sshadowandrealizethatbeingturneddownbyonecollegeisn'tafinaljudgmentonhisabilitiesorpotential.Disappointmentsareunwelcomebutregularvisitorstoeveryone’slifE.Wecanfeeldepressedaboutthemorwecantrytoescapefromthem.Thebestthingthoughistoacceptadisappointmentandthentrytouseitsomehow:StepovertheunwelcomevisitoronthedoorstepandgetonwithlifE.68.Inthispassagetheauthor_____.A.analyzesthecauseofdisappointmentB.describeshispersonalexperienceindealingwithdisappointmentC.criticizesHelenandKevin'snegativeresponsestodisappointmentD.offersspecificexamplesofthewayspeopledealwithdisappointment69.FromthecontextthewordoptionParA.4means_____.A.wayB.choiceC.placeD.job70.Intheauthor'sopinionHelenshould______insteadoffeelingdepresseD.A.workevenhardertogetbetterthanherpromotedco-workerB.standthepressureandcompetitionC.winagoodopinionfromthebossbyseekinghisadviceD.moveintoanotherdepartmenttohavehertalentandhardworkappreciated71.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidesofthisselection?A.Disappointmentisaninevitablepartoflifeandwehavetohandleitinapositiveway.B.Lifeismadeupofaseriesofdisappointments.Wehavetoacceptthem.C.Therearetwokindsofreactionstodisappointment.D.Mostpeoplereacttodisappointmentinnegativeways.
Opinionisawordthatisusedcarelesslytoday.Itisusedtorefertomattersoftastebeliefandjudgment.Thiscasualusewouldprobablycauselittleconfusionifpeopledidn’tattachtoomuchimportancetoopinion.Unfortunatelymosttoattachgreatimportancetoit.IhaveasmuchrighttomyopinionasyoutoyoursandEveryone’sentitledtohisopinionarecommonexpressions.Infactanyonewhowouldchallengeanother’sopinionislikelytobebrandedintolerant.Isthatlabelaccurate?Isitintoleranttochallengeanother’sopinion?ItdependsonwhatdefinitionofopinionyouhaveinminD.ForexampleyoumayaskafriendWhatdoyouthinkofthenewFordcars?AndhemayreplyInmyopinionthey’reugly.Inthiscaseitwouldnotonlybeintoleranttochallengehisstatementbutfoolish.Forit’sobviousthatbyopinionhemeanshispersonalpreferenceamatteroftastE.AndastheoldsayinggoesIt’spointlesstoargueaboutmattersoftastE.ButconsiderthisverydifferentuseofthetermanewspaperreportsthattheSupremeCourthasdelivereditsopinioninacontroversialcasE.Obviouslythejusticesdidnotshaletheirpersonalpreferencestheirmerelikesanddislikestheystatedtheirconsideredjudgmentpainstakinglyarrivedatafterthoroughinquiryanddeliberation.Mostofwhatisreferredtoasopinionfallssomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.ItisnotanexpressionoftastE.Norisitcarefuljudgment.Yetitmaycontainelementsofboth.ItisavieworbeliefmoreorlesscasuallyarrivedatwithorwithoutexaminingtheevidencE.Iseveryoneentitledtohisopinion?OfcoursethisisnotonlypermittedbutguaranteeD.Wearefreetoactonouropinionsonlysolongasindoingsowedonotharmothers.69.Accordingtotheauthorwhoofthefollowingwouldbelabeledasintolerant?A.Someonewhoturnsadeafeartoothers’opinions.B.Someonewhocan’tputupwithothers’tastes.C.Someonewhovaluesonlytheirownopinions.D.SomeonewhoseopinionharmsotherpeoplE.B.70.ThenewFordcarsareusedhereasanexampletoshowthat________.A.itisfoolishtocriticizeafamousbrandB.oneshouldnotalwaysagreetoothers’opinionsC.personaltastesarenotsomethingtobechallengedD.itisunwisetoexpressone’slikesanddislikesinpublicC.71.Consideredjudgmentisdifferentfrompersonalpreferencebecause________.A.itisstatedbyjudgesinthecourtB.itreflectspubliclikeanddislikesC.itisaresultofalotofcontroversyD.itisbasedoncarefulthoughtD.72.Asindicatedinthepassagebeingfreetoactonone’sopinion________.A.meansthatonecanignoreotherpeople’scriticismB.meansthatonecanimposehispreferencesonothersC.doesn’tmeanthatonehastherighttodothingsatwillD.doesn’tmeanthatonehastherighttochargeotherswithoutevidenceC.
A.culture’svaluescanbemirroredbyitshumor.HumorhasbeenevaluatedbymanygreatmindssuchasThomasHobbeswhoinOnNaturedislikedhumorLaughterisnothingelsebutsuddengloryarisingfromsuddenthoughtoffeelingfarbetterthanothers.Hethoughthumortobeanegativequalityofhumannarrow-mindedness.HoweverMordechaiGordonPh.D.ofEducationinsistsHumorallowsustoviewtheworldfromananglethatisamusingratherthanserious.1agreewithGordon.Learningtolookattheworldthroughhumorisimportant.IntheUnitedStateseveryfouryearsanelectionoccurs.WithouthumorasawaytoexpresstheirfeelingshowelsewouldAmericanskeepfromclawingtheireyesoutandgoingthewayoflemming?TelevisionshowslikeTheDailyShowhavebecomeimportantpartsofAmericanculture.Theyaremotheringthemassesbymetaphorically隐喻地airplane-ingpoliticsintoourmouths.Theymakepoliticsfun.Ofcoursepoliticsisonlyonetypeofhumor.Socialhumorhelpspeoplethroughthetwistsandturnsofthehumancondition.Americanpopculturepromotesanunhealthyselfimage.Onthetopicofself-imageHariKondabolustandsout.HehasajokeaboutthepopularmusicalgroupThePussycatDollsdescribingtheirhitsongDon'tChaasanegativerepresentationofwomen.HepointsoutanobviousoffenceinAmericanculture.A.studyfromLoyolaUniversityofMarylandhasshownthathumorisonedeterminingfactorforselectingamatingpartner.Amongstotherthingsmateslookforanoutstandingfunnyboneinapotentialpartner.Ofcoursehumorisnotalwaysusedforgoodpurposes.Humorcanbelinkedtovulgarity粗俗andracismbutlikeeverythingelseithaspotentialtounitehumanbeingsbyallowingustolaughatourselvesourfailuresandourconnectionwithoneanother.Though1ifemayseemtoughanddepressingattimesallIhavetodoislookinthemirroratmyincreasedwrinkles皱纹toknowthatthereisacomedyouttherethatevenChaplinwasn’tawareof.Withthatinmindremembertolaughwithhumanityandsometimesathumanity.63.Hobbesbelievesthathumor__________.A.wasonlyawaytolaughatotherstomakeoneselffeelbetterB.resultedinnarrow-mindednessofhumanbeingsC.hadthepowertomirrorpersonalgloryandnationalvaluesD.wasforpeopletoviewtheworldfromanotherangle64.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspoliticalhumor?A.WorriedB.DisappointedC.CuriousD.Appreciative65.Thefourthparagraphisdevelopedmainly__________.A.byexampleB.byprocessC.bycomparisonD.byclassification66.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Chaplinwasn’tawareofbeinglaughedatB.TheauthorfeelshelplessandsadaboutgettingolderC.NeverbetheonewholaughsatotherpeopleD.Theauthorisdeterminedtofacelifewithasenseofhumor.
Doyoustartyourworkbymakingalistofallyouhavetocompletefromwalkingthedogandwashingtheclothestophoningarelativeorcheckingyouremails?Doyoualwaystakealistwithyoutothesupermarket?Doyouwritedownallthestepsyouneedtoseeabigprojectthrough?Ifyou’reanaturallistmakeryoucanconsiderthishabitasagoodthingtodo.Herearesomereasons:Givesyourmemoryakick:Evenifyouprideyourselfonrememberingallyouneedtocompleteit’sonlyhumantoforgeteveryonceinawhilE.A.to-dolistisahandyreminder.Helpsyoustayinthemoment:ItsoundssurprisingbuttruE.TryingtomentallykeeptrackofthethingsweighingonyourmindcanmakeittoughertoconcentrateontheactivityathanD.____________:Insteadofcarryingaroundanagging难以摆脱的nervousnessthatyou’veforgottentotakecareofachorekeepinganup-to-datelistcanhelprelievethatkindofstress.Helpsplanning:Mostofusarelikelytoputoffuntiltomorrowwhatwecandotodaybutkeepingalisthelpstokeepthisnaturalimpulseatbay.ThinkingaboutwhathastobedoneinadvanceisagoodwaytopreventusfromfallingbehindschedulE.Prioritizes划分优先顺序:Seeingeverythingwewanttotakecareofallowsustoprioritizeandgivethemosttimetothemoreimportanttasks.Ontheotherhandnothavingato-dolistmakesitpossibleforustospendtoomuchtimeonunimportantitems.Boosts增长happiness:Youwillfeelveryhappyeachtimeyoucheckoffataskyouhavecompletedonyourlist.Studiesshowthatreachingyourgoalactuallyreleasesfeel-goodchemicalinyourbrainthatboostshappiness.61.Theauthorintroducesthetopictobediscussedby________.A.askingaseriesofquestionsB.presentingsomesimplefactsC.statinghisownpointofviewD.listingthebenefitsofato-dolist62.Fromthetextweknowthatato-dolistcan________.A.ensurethatyoufinisheverythingontimeB.remindyouofthethingsyoushoulddoB.makeiteasyforyoutoformagoodhabitD.helpyousavemoneywhileshopping63.Whichofthefollowingcanbeputintheblankofthetext?A.GetsridofbadhabitsB.MakesbetteruseoftimeC.ImprovesyourmemoryD.Calmsyouranxiety64.ThephrasekeepthisnaturalimpulseatbayinParagraph5probablymeans________.A.forgetyourtroubleforthemomentB.giveupthesuddenthoughtC.workwithagoodmoodD.finishataskwithnodifficulty65.Thebesttitleofthetextwouldbe________.A.HowtoDevelopaGoodHabitB.TheImportanceofMakingPlansC.WhyYouShouldKeepaTo-DoListD.HowtoSpendYourTimeWisely
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