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The American Family In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision ma...
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AnIntelligentCar Drivingneedssharpeyeskeenearsquickbrainandcoordination协调betweenhandsandthebrain.Manyhumandrivershaveall1andcancontrolafast-movingcar.Buthowdoesanintelligentcarcontrolitself Thereisavirtual虚拟的driverinthesmartcar.Thisvirtualdriverhas"eyes""brains""hands"and"feet"too.Theminicameras2eachsideofthecararehis"eyes"which3theroadconditionsaheadofit.Theywatchthe4tothecar’sleftandright.Thereisalsoahighlyautomaticdriving5inthecar.Itisthebuilt-incomputerwhichisthevirtualdriver’s"brain".His"brain"6thespeedsofothermovingcarsnearitandanalyzestheirpositions.Basingonthisinformationitchoosesthe7pathfortheintelligentcarandgivesinstructionstothe"hands"and"feet"toactaccordingly.Inthiswaythevirtualdriver8hiscar. Whatisthevirtualdriver’sbestadvantageHereacts9.Theminicamerasarebringing10continuouslytothe"brain".Itcompletestheprocessingoftheimageswithin100milliseconds.11theworld’sbestdriverneedsatleastonesecondtoreact.Besideswhenhetakes12heneedsonemoresecond. Thevirtualdriverisreallywonderful.Hecanreducetheaccident13considerablyonexpressways高速公路.Inthis14canwelethimhavethewheelatanytimeandinanyplaceExperts15thatwecannotdothatjustyet.Hisabilitytorecognizethingsisstilllimited.Hecannowonlydriveanintelligentcaronexpressways. 2
{{*HTML*}}EarlyIdeasabouttheUniverse??1．Earlymangothisideasabouttheuniversebylookingatthestarsasyoudo.Heobservedcarefullyandlearnedmanythingsaboutthesunthemoonandthestars.??2．Supposeyouwereaskedtocollectevidenceaboutthesunasearlymandid.Youmightgooutmorningaftermorningandseeitcomeupintheeast.Evenoncloudymorningsyouwouldobservethatthedarknessgoesawayandtheworldbecomeslight.Youmightnotseethesunbutwouldbesureitistherebecauseyounoticethattheearthwarmsup.Asyoucontinuedthesunclimbshigherintheskyeachdayduringpartoftheyear.Itstaysintheskylonger.Theearthgetswarmer.Thingsbegintogrow.Itisspringandthensummer.??3．Afterawhilethesunstaysintheskyforshorterandshorterperiods.Manyplantsbegintodie.Leavesfall.Wintercomes.Yearafteryearthisisrepeatedandyoucannottellexactlywhyithappens.Butyourealizethatthesunseemstomakethedifference.Primitive原始的manfeltthatsincethesunwassopowerfulitmustbeagod.Itmayseemsillytousnowtoworship崇拜asun-godbutprimitivemanwasrightabouttheimportanceofthesuntolifeonearth.??4．Youhavebeentoldthattheworldisround.Butsupposenoonehadevertaughtyouthattheworldwaslikeahugeball.Wouldyouhaveeverthoughtofityourself?Youcannotseethecurve曲线oftheearthatonce.Youwouldhavenoideaofhowbigitwas.That’swhyearlymanbelievedthattheearthwassmallandflat.Suchideasappearedfromtheevidencetheyhad.??5．Ifyouwatchthestarsnightafternightyouwillseethemriseandset.Asyoulookattheskyitisnotdifficulttoimaginethatyouareinthecenterofavastcollectionoftwinkling闪烁lights.Someearlyastronomers天文学家believedtheskywasacrystalshellorseriesofcrystalshellsoneinsidetheother.Theybelievedthisbecausethatiswhatthenightskylookedlike.Formanycenturiesmenbelievedthattheearthwasthecenteroftheuniverseandthatthesunthemoonandthestarscircledaroundit.Earlyastronomersbelievedthattheskywasacrystalshellorseriesofcrystalshellsbecause______.
{{*HTML*}}CaribbeanIslands??WhatwouldyouseeifyoutookacruisetotheCaribbeanIslands?Palmtreesandcoconuts椰子?Whitebeachesandclearblueocean?Colorfulcorals珊瑚andevenmorecolorfulfishesandbirds???Youbet.TherearethousandsofislandsintheCaribbeanSea.Theyarefamousfortheirwarmtropicalclimateandgreatnaturalbeauty.??TheCaribbeanIslandsformachainthatseparatestheCaribbeanSeafromtherestoftheAtlanticOcean.?1?Manyoftheislandswereformedbytheeruption爆发ofancientvolcanoes火山.Othersarelow-lyingcoralislandsthatgraduallyrosefromtheocean.??TheCaribbeanIslandsareknownbyseveralnames.?2?TheexplorerChristopherColumbuscalledtheislandstheIndiesin1492becausehethoughthewasnearthecoastofIndia.LaterSpainandFrancecalledtheislandstheAntilles.??TherearefourlargeislandsintheCaribbeanSea.?3?ThesefourislandsareoftencalledtheGreaterAntilles.Togethertheyaccountforabout90percentofthelandareaoftheCaribbeanIslands.??TherestoftheCaribbeanIslandsaremuchsmaller.?4?YoucanseewhypiratessuchasthefamousBlackbeardsailedthesewaters.Therearecountlesssmallislandstoburytreasureorhideon.??TheweatheroftheCaribbeanSeaisalmostalwayswarmandsunny.Sandybeacheslinethecoastsofmanyislands.?5?Manytouristsarriveoncruiseships.??A．ButlifeontheCaribbeanIslandsisnotalwaysparadise.??B．TheearliestnameusedbyEuropeansistheIndieslaterchangedtotheWestIndies.??C．They’relikealongnecklacethatstretchesbetweenNorthandSouthAmerica.??D．TheyareCubaPuertoRicoJamaicaandHispaniola.??E．Thisiswhymillionsoftouristsvisittheislandseachyear.??F．Someoftheseislandsarenomorethantinyslivers小片ofexposedcoral.
{{*HTML*}}A．StarIsBorn??1．TheVLTVeryLargeTelescopeistheworld’slargesttelescope望远镜andistakingastronomers天文学家furtherbacktotheBigBangthantheyeverthoughtpossible.Located2600metresupintheChileanAndesithasfourhugemirrorseachaboutthesizeofaLondonbus.TheVLTissopowerfulitcanspotaburningmatch10000kilometresaway.??2．Thisastonishingpowerwillallowastronomerstoseeeventsinspacefromthebirthofstarstothecollision碰撞ofgalaxies星系ontheedgeofthecosmos宇宙.TheVLTisgivingastronomerstheirbest-everviewofthecosmos.ThepoweroftheVLTtoseethesmallestdetailatthefurthestdistancesmakesitsdesignersamazed.??3．TakethecaseofEtaCarinaeoneofthemostexplosivestarsintheuniverse.Thisstarproducesultravioletlaserrays紫外线anditwilldestroyitselfinafewmillionyears’time.Itisfivetimesbrighterthanthesunandwhenitexplodesitisgoingtobeasightworthwaitingfor!??4．ButitisatdistancesofmillionsevenbillionsoflightyearsthattheVLTreallyshowsitspower.TheVLTcandetectlightthatsetoutonitsjourneybeforetheearthevenexisted.Thisgivesastronomerstheirfirst-everdetailedviewsofeventsthattookplaceintheearliestdaysofthecosmos.??5．InotherwordstheVLTisakindofatimemachine.Ittakesastronomersbacktoatimewhencompletegalaxiescrashedintoeachother.Theeffectsofthesepastcollisionscannowbeseenbyscientistsandastronomersbelievethetelescopewillrevealmoreabouttheseexcitingeventsintheyearstocome.Onedaywemightbeabletosaywehavetraveledbacktothebeginningoftimeandwewillhaveamuchclearerpictureofhowourplanetwasborn.ThedesignersoftheVLTaresurprisedat______.
{{*HTML*}}EarlyIdeasabouttheUniverse??1．Earlymangothisideasabouttheuniversebylookingatthestarsasyoudo.Heobservedcarefullyandlearnedmanythingsaboutthesunthemoonandthestars.??2．Supposeyouwereaskedtocollectevidenceaboutthesunasearlymandid.Youmightgooutmorningaftermorningandseeitcomeupintheeast.Evenoncloudymorningsyouwouldobservethatthedarknessgoesawayandtheworldbecomeslight.Youmightnotseethesunbutwouldbesureitistherebecauseyounoticethattheearthwarmsup.Asyoucontinuedthesunclimbshigherintheskyeachdayduringpartoftheyear.Itstaysintheskylonger.Theearthgetswarmer.Thingsbegintogrow.Itisspringandthensummer.??3．Afterawhilethesunstaysintheskyforshorterandshorterperiods.Manyplantsbegintodie.Leavesfall.Wintercomes.Yearafteryearthisisrepeatedandyoucannottellexactlywhyithappens.Butyourealizethatthesunseemstomakethedifference.Primitive原始的manfeltthatsincethesunwassopowerfulitmustbeagod.Itmayseemsillytousnowtoworship崇拜asun-godbutprimitivemanwasrightabouttheimportanceofthesuntolifeonearth.??4．Youhavebeentoldthattheworldisround.Butsupposenoonehadevertaughtyouthattheworldwaslikeahugeball.Wouldyouhaveeverthoughtofityourself?Youcannotseethecurve曲线oftheearthatonce.Youwouldhavenoideaofhowbigitwas.That’swhyearlymanbelievedthattheearthwassmallandflat.Suchideasappearedfromtheevidencetheyhad.??5．Ifyouwatchthestarsnightafternightyouwillseethemriseandset.Asyoulookattheskyitisnotdifficulttoimaginethatyouareinthecenterofavastcollectionoftwinkling闪烁lights.Someearlyastronomers天文学家believedtheskywasacrystalshellorseriesofcrystalshellsoneinsidetheother.Theybelievedthisbecausethatiswhatthenightskylookedlike.Formanycenturiesmenbelievedthattheearthwasthecenteroftheuniverseandthatthesunthemoonandthestarscircledaroundit.Paragraph3______
{{*HTML*}}Farmers’Markets??CharlotteHollinsknowsshefacesabattle.The23-year-oldBritishfarmerandher21-year-oldbrotherBenarefightingtosavethefarmfromdevelopersthattheirfatherworkedonsincehewas14.?1???Youdon’toftengetadayoff.Supermarketsputalotofpressureonfarmerstokeeppricesdown.Withfewerpeopleworkingonfarmsitcanbeisolatingshesaid.Thereisahighrateofsuicideandfarmingwillnevermakeyourich!??OliverRobinson25grewuponafarminYorkshire.?2?I’msuredadhopedI’dstayhesaid.?Iguessit’sanicestraightforwardlifebutitdoesn’tappeal.Foryoungambitiouspeoplefarmlifewouldbeahardworld.ForRobinsonfarmingdoesn’toffermuchintermsofmoneyorlifestyle.Hollinsagreesthateconomicsstopspeoplefrompursuingfarmingrewards:providingforavitalhumanneedwhileworkingoutdoorswithnature.??FarmingisabigpoliticalissueintheUK.?3?The2001footandmouthcrisisclosedthousandsoffarmsstoppedmeatexportsandraisedpublicconsciousnessoftroublesinUKfarming.??JamieOliver’s2005campaigntogetchildrentoeathealthilyalsohighlightedtheissue.Thisnationalconcernspells带来hopeforfarmerscompetingwithpowerfulsupermarkets.?4???IstartedgoingtoFarmers’Marketsindirectdefiance蔑视ofthebigsupermarkets.?5?It’sterriblesaidLondonerMichaelSamson.??A．Butheneverconsideredstayingonhisfatherandgrandfather’sland.??B．WhilemostpeoplebuyfoodfromthebigsupermarketshundredsofindependentFarmers’Marketsarebecomingpopular.??C．Whileconfidenttheywillsucceedshelistsfarming’smanychallenges.??D．Youngpeopleprefertoliveincities.??E．Iseriouslyobjectedtothesuper-sizingofeverything—whatexactlyDOtheyputonourapplestomakethemsobigandred???F．BuyBritishcampaignsurge鼓励consumersnottobuycheaperimportedfoods.
{{*HTML*}}TheRoadrunner??Theroadrunner走雀livesinthedesertzoneofthesouthwesternUnitedStatesandnorthernMexico.?1?Peoplegaveititsnamebecausetheyusuallyseeitrunningacrossaroadbutofcourseitspendsmoretimeamongtheplantsofthedesertthanitdoesonroads.??Theroadrunnerisquitealargebird—about45centimeterslongand25centimetershigh.?2?Itholdsitsheadstraightoutinfrontanditstailsticksstraightoutinback.Ittakeslongstepsandcanrun30kilometersanhour.??Iteatsanamazingvarietyoffood.Althoughiteatsplantsonceinawhileitismostlyameateater.Mostofitsdietisinsectsbutitalsocatchesbirdsmiceandothersmallanimals.Itisevenbraveenoughtocatchsnakesandblackwidowspiders蛛.???3?Whenhefindsonehegivesherpresents—asnaketoeatoratinybranchofatreetouseinbuildinganest.Thentheybuildtheirnestthefemalelayseggsandtheyraisetheiryoung.???4?OnecoupleinArizonafeedsapairofroadrunnersthatcomeonceatatimeeverydayandmakeanoiseoutsidethewindow.Ifsomeonedoesn’tgivethebirdapieceofhamburgerimmediatelythebirdknocksonthewindowwithitsbeak喙.Roadrunnersarenotshy.???5?Theywillstandonachairortableandwatchtelevisionandtheyseemreallyinterestedinwhatishappeningontheprogram.??A．Roadrunnerscanalsobecomefriendlywithpeople.??B．Peoplelaughwhenitrunsbecauseitlookssofunny.??C．Itisabirdbutitcanonlyflyaboutasmuchasachickencan.??D．Inearlyspringthebirddoesn’teatanything.??E．Anothercouplefeedsapairofroadrunnersthatgorightintothehouse.??F．Inthespringamaleroadrunnerbeginslookingforafemaleasamate.
AnIntelligentCar Drivingneedssharpeyeskeenearsquickbrainandcoordination协调betweenhandsandthebrain.Manyhumandrivershaveall1andcancontrolafast-movingcar.Buthowdoesanintelligentcarcontrolitself Thereisavirtual虚拟的driverinthesmartcar.Thisvirtualdriverhas"eyes""brains""hands"and"feet"too.Theminicameras2eachsideofthecararehis"eyes"which3theroadconditionsaheadofit.Theywatchthe4tothecar’sleftandright.Thereisalsoahighlyautomaticdriving5inthecar.Itisthebuilt-incomputerwhichisthevirtualdriver’s"brain".His"brain"6thespeedsofothermovingcarsnearitandanalyzestheirpositions.Basingonthisinformationitchoosesthe7pathfortheintelligentcarandgivesinstructionstothe"hands"and"feet"toactaccordingly.Inthiswaythevirtualdriver8hiscar. Whatisthevirtualdriver’sbestadvantageHereacts9.Theminicamerasarebringing10continuouslytothe"brain".Itcompletestheprocessingoftheimageswithin100milliseconds.11theworld’sbestdriverneedsatleastonesecondtoreact.Besideswhenhetakes12heneedsonemoresecond. Thevirtualdriverisreallywonderful.Hecanreducetheaccident13considerablyonexpressways高速公路.Inthis14canwelethimhavethewheelatanytimeandinanyplaceExperts15thatwecannotdothatjustyet.Hisabilitytorecognizethingsisstilllimited.Hecannowonlydriveanintelligentcaronexpressways. 4
AnIntelligentCar Drivingneedssharpeyeskeenearsquickbrainandcoordination协调betweenhandsandthebrain.Manyhumandrivershaveall1andcancontrolafast-movingcar.Buthowdoesanintelligentcarcontrolitself Thereisavirtual虚拟的driverinthesmartcar.Thisvirtualdriverhas"eyes""brains""hands"and"feet"too.Theminicameras2eachsideofthecararehis"eyes"which3theroadconditionsaheadofit.Theywatchthe4tothecar’sleftandright.Thereisalsoahighlyautomaticdriving5inthecar.Itisthebuilt-incomputerwhichisthevirtualdriver’s"brain".His"brain"6thespeedsofothermovingcarsnearitandanalyzestheirpositions.Basingonthisinformationitchoosesthe7pathfortheintelligentcarandgivesinstructionstothe"hands"and"feet"toactaccordingly.Inthiswaythevirtualdriver8hiscar. Whatisthevirtualdriver’sbestadvantageHereacts9.Theminicamerasarebringing10continuouslytothe"brain".Itcompletestheprocessingoftheimageswithin100milliseconds.11theworld’sbestdriverneedsatleastonesecondtoreact.Besideswhenhetakes12heneedsonemoresecond. Thevirtualdriverisreallywonderful.Hecanreducetheaccident13considerablyonexpressways高速公路.Inthis14canwelethimhavethewheelatanytimeandinanyplaceExperts15thatwecannotdothatjustyet.Hisabilitytorecognizethingsisstilllimited.Hecannowonlydriveanintelligentcaronexpressways. 8
AnIntelligentCar Drivingneedssharpeyeskeenearsquickbrainandcoordination协调betweenhandsandthebrain.Manyhumandrivershaveall1andcancontrolafast-movingcar.Buthowdoesanintelligentcarcontrolitself Thereisavirtual虚拟的driverinthesmartcar.Thisvirtualdriverhas"eyes""brains""hands"and"feet"too.Theminicameras2eachsideofthecararehis"eyes"which3theroadconditionsaheadofit.Theywatchthe4tothecar’sleftandright.Thereisalsoahighlyautomaticdriving5inthecar.Itisthebuilt-incomputerwhichisthevirtualdriver’s"brain".His"brain"6thespeedsofothermovingcarsnearitandanalyzestheirpositions.Basingonthisinformationitchoosesthe7pathfortheintelligentcarandgivesinstructionstothe"hands"and"feet"toactaccordingly.Inthiswaythevirtualdriver8hiscar. Whatisthevirtualdriver’sbestadvantageHereacts9.Theminicamerasarebringing10continuouslytothe"brain".Itcompletestheprocessingoftheimageswithin100milliseconds.11theworld’sbestdriverneedsatleastonesecondtoreact.Besideswhenhetakes12heneedsonemoresecond. Thevirtualdriverisreallywonderful.Hecanreducetheaccident13considerablyonexpressways高速公路.Inthis14canwelethimhavethewheelatanytimeandinanyplaceExperts15thatwecannotdothatjustyet.Hisabilitytorecognizethingsisstilllimited.Hecannowonlydriveanintelligentcaronexpressways. 10
{{*HTML*}}CaribbeanIslands??WhatwouldyouseeifyoutookacruisetotheCaribbeanIslands?Palmtreesandcoconuts椰子?Whitebeachesandclearblueocean?Colorfulcorals珊瑚andevenmorecolorfulfishesandbirds???Youbet.TherearethousandsofislandsintheCaribbeanSea.Theyarefamousfortheirwarmtropicalclimateandgreatnaturalbeauty.??TheCaribbeanIslandsformachainthatseparatestheCaribbeanSeafromtherestoftheAtlanticOcean.?1?Manyoftheislandswereformedbytheeruption爆发ofancientvolcanoes火山.Othersarelow-lyingcoralislandsthatgraduallyrosefromtheocean.??TheCaribbeanIslandsareknownbyseveralnames.?2?TheexplorerChristopherColumbuscalledtheislandstheIndiesin1492becausehethoughthewasnearthecoastofIndia.LaterSpainandFrancecalledtheislandstheAntilles.??TherearefourlargeislandsintheCaribbeanSea.?3?ThesefourislandsareoftencalledtheGreaterAntilles.Togethertheyaccountforabout90percentofthelandareaoftheCaribbeanIslands.??TherestoftheCaribbeanIslandsaremuchsmaller.?4?YoucanseewhypiratessuchasthefamousBlackbeardsailedthesewaters.Therearecountlesssmallislandstoburytreasureorhideon.??TheweatheroftheCaribbeanSeaisalmostalwayswarmandsunny.Sandybeacheslinethecoastsofmanyislands.?5?Manytouristsarriveoncruiseships.??A．ButlifeontheCaribbeanIslandsisnotalwaysparadise.??B．TheearliestnameusedbyEuropeansistheIndieslaterchangedtotheWestIndies.??C．They’relikealongnecklacethatstretchesbetweenNorthandSouthAmerica.??D．TheyareCubaPuertoRicoJamaicaandHispaniola.??E．Thisiswhymillionsoftouristsvisittheislandseachyear.??F．Someoftheseislandsarenomorethantinyslivers小片ofexposedcoral.
{{*HTML*}}TheJoyofLivingAlone??MoreandmoreAmericansarelivingalone.Somelivealonebecauseofdivorceorthedeathofapartner.?1?AccordingtoarecentU.S.census人口普查25percentofallhouseholdsintheU.S.aremadeupofjustoneperson.Thisisadramaticchangefromtheextendedfamiliesofjustacoupleofgenerationsago.??Thetypicalpersonlivingaloneisneitheroldnorlonely.?2?Themajorityofthesepeoplehavechosentolivealone.Theyarerespondingtodecreasingsocialpressuretogetmarriedandhaveafamily.??It’snowsociallyacceptableevenfashionabletolivealone.Aspeoplegetbetterjobsandbecomefinanciallyindependentitbecomespossibleforthemtomaintainaone-personhousehold.?3?Howeverpeoplewhodogetmarriedaremarryingatalaterageanddivorcingmoreoften.??Thenumberonereasongivenbymostpeopleforlivingaloneisthattheysimplyenjoydoingwhattheywantwhentheywanttodoit.LivingaloneisaluxurysaysNinaHagiwara38.Onceyoudoityoucan’tevergobacktolivingwithothers.DavidC’Debaca46agrees.?4???Childrenthinkthatbeinggrownupmeansbeingabletodoexactlyastheyplease.?5?ThechancetodiscoverwhetherthatfreedomisaswonderfulasitsoundsisachancemoreandmoreAmericansaretaking.??A．There’smorepressuretogetmarriednowadays.??B．Thegrowingnumberofwomenwithgoodjobshasdonemuchtoincreasethenumberofpeoplelivingalone.??C．Howeverevenmorepeoplearelivingalonebecausetheyhavechosento.??D．Itseemsthatmanygrown-upstodayarerealizingthatchildhooddream.??E．Infactaquarterofthe23millionsinglepeopleintheU.S.areundertheageof35.??F．HesaysIlikebeingbymyself./
{{*HTML*}}TheRoadrunner??Theroadrunner走雀livesinthedesertzoneofthesouthwesternUnitedStatesandnorthernMexico.?1?Peoplegaveititsnamebecausetheyusuallyseeitrunningacrossaroadbutofcourseitspendsmoretimeamongtheplantsofthedesertthanitdoesonroads.??Theroadrunnerisquitealargebird—about45centimeterslongand25centimetershigh.?2?Itholdsitsheadstraightoutinfrontanditstailsticksstraightoutinback.Ittakeslongstepsandcanrun30kilometersanhour.??Iteatsanamazingvarietyoffood.Althoughiteatsplantsonceinawhileitismostlyameateater.Mostofitsdietisinsectsbutitalsocatchesbirdsmiceandothersmallanimals.Itisevenbraveenoughtocatchsnakesandblackwidowspiders蛛.???3?Whenhefindsonehegivesherpresents—asnaketoeatoratinybranchofatreetouseinbuildinganest.Thentheybuildtheirnestthefemalelayseggsandtheyraisetheiryoung.???4?OnecoupleinArizonafeedsapairofroadrunnersthatcomeonceatatimeeverydayandmakeanoiseoutsidethewindow.Ifsomeonedoesn’tgivethebirdapieceofhamburgerimmediatelythebirdknocksonthewindowwithitsbeak喙.Roadrunnersarenotshy.???5?Theywillstandonachairortableandwatchtelevisionandtheyseemreallyinterestedinwhatishappeningontheprogram.??A．Roadrunnerscanalsobecomefriendlywithpeople.??B．Peoplelaughwhenitrunsbecauseitlookssofunny.??C．Itisabirdbutitcanonlyflyaboutasmuchasachickencan.??D．Inearlyspringthebirddoesn’teatanything.??E．Anothercouplefeedsapairofroadrunnersthatgorightintothehouse.??F．Inthespringamaleroadrunnerbeginslookingforafemaleasamate.
{{*HTML*}}Ford??1．Ford’sgreatstrengthwasthemanufacturingprocess—notinvention.Longbeforehestartedacarcompanyhewasaworkerknownforpickinguppiecesofmetalandwireandturningthemintomachines.Hestartedputtingcarstogetherin1891.AlthoughitwasbynomeansthefirstpopularautomobiletheModelTshowedtheworldjusthowcreativeFordwasatcombiningtechnologyandmarket.??2．Thecompany’sassemblylinealonethrewAmerica’sIndustrialRevolutionintooverdrive高速运转.InsteadofhavingworkersputtogethertheentirecarFord’sfriendswhoweregreattoolmakersfromScotlandorganizedteamsthataddedpartstoeachModelTasitmoveddownaline.BythetimeFord’sHighlandParkplantwashumming嗡嗡作响alongin1914theworld’sfirstautomaticconveyorbeltcouldturnoutacarevery93minutes.??3．ThesameyearHenryFordshockedtheworldwiththe$5-a-dayminimumwageschemethegreatestcontributionhehadevermade.Theaveragewageintheautoindustrythenwas$2.34fora9-hourshift.Fordnotonlydoubledthathealsotookanhourofftheworkday.Inthoseyearsitwasunthinkablethatamancouldbepaidthatmuchfordoingsomethingthatdidn’tinvolveanawfullotoftrainingoreducation.TheWallStreetJournalcalledtheplananeconomiccrimeandcriticseverywherelaughedatFord.??4．Butasthewageincreasedlatertodaily$10itprovedacriticalcomponentofFord’sdreamtomaketheautomobileaccessible可及的toall.ThecriticsweretoostupidtounderstandthatbecauseFordhadloweredhiscostspercarthehigherwagesdidn’tmatter—exceptformakingitpossibleformorepeopletobuycars.Paragraph2______
{{*HTML*}}UnlockingtheHumanGenome基因组??1．A．projecttounlocksecrets—whatscientistcouldresistthatchallenge?ThisiswhatmanyscientistsaredoingastheyworkontheHumanGenomeProject.Theaimoftheprojectistodecode破译allofthesome100000genesinthehumanbody.ScientistsareusingDNAfingerprintingtechniquestodothedecoding.??2．DNA．isthesubstancefoundinthechromosomes染色体ofacell.Achromosomeisachainofgenes.Eachgenecarriesapieceofgeneticinformation.Atanyonemomentinacellthousandsofgenesareturnedonandofftoproduceproteins蛋白质.Thechallengeforscientistsistofindoutwhatroleeachgeneplaysinproteinproduction.Atsomepointthisdecodingwillbecomplete.Thenscientistswillhaveamapofanidealgenomeorapictureofthetotalgeneticnatureofahumanbeing.Theidealgenomeiscalledaconsensus交感genome.Everythingworkswellinaconsensusgenome.??3．Butnooneintheworldhasaconsensusgenome.Everyone’sgenomeisdifferentfromtheideal.Thesedifferencesarereferredtoasgeneticmutations突变.Geneticmutationsinaperson’sgenomemeanthatthepersonhasagreaterthanaveragechanceofsufferingfromhealthproblems.Someproblemsarenotlife-threatening.Thesewouldincludethingslikecolorblindnessormildheadaches.Otherproblemsareserioussuchasheartdiseaseorcancer.??4．Itwilltakeyearstoidentifytheroleofeachofthe100000genes.Theshort-termgoaloftheprojectistofindthephysicalandmentalhealthproblemsapersonislikelytoencounterduringhisorherlifetime.Thelong-termgoalistohaveeachpersonlivealongerhealthierlife.Scientistsaretryinghardtodiscover______ofeachofthegenesinourbody.
{{*HTML*}}TheJoyofLivingAlone??MoreandmoreAmericansarelivingalone.Somelivealonebecauseofdivorceorthedeathofapartner.?1?AccordingtoarecentU.S.census人口普查25percentofallhouseholdsintheU.S.aremadeupofjustoneperson.Thisisadramaticchangefromtheextendedfamiliesofjustacoupleofgenerationsago.??Thetypicalpersonlivingaloneisneitheroldnorlonely.?2?Themajorityofthesepeoplehavechosentolivealone.Theyarerespondingtodecreasingsocialpressuretogetmarriedandhaveafamily.??It’snowsociallyacceptableevenfashionabletolivealone.Aspeoplegetbetterjobsandbecomefinanciallyindependentitbecomespossibleforthemtomaintainaone-personhousehold.?3?Howeverpeoplewhodogetmarriedaremarryingatalaterageanddivorcingmoreoften.??Thenumberonereasongivenbymostpeopleforlivingaloneisthattheysimplyenjoydoingwhattheywantwhentheywanttodoit.LivingaloneisaluxurysaysNinaHagiwara38.Onceyoudoityoucan’tevergobacktolivingwithothers.DavidC’Debaca46agrees.?4???Childrenthinkthatbeinggrownupmeansbeingabletodoexactlyastheyplease.?5?ThechancetodiscoverwhetherthatfreedomisaswonderfulasitsoundsisachancemoreandmoreAmericansaretaking.??A．There’smorepressuretogetmarriednowadays.??B．Thegrowingnumberofwomenwithgoodjobshasdonemuchtoincreasethenumberofpeoplelivingalone.??C．Howeverevenmorepeoplearelivingalonebecausetheyhavechosento.??D．Itseemsthatmanygrown-upstodayarerealizingthatchildhooddream.??E．Infactaquarterofthe23millionsinglepeopleintheU.S.areundertheageof35.??F．HesaysIlikebeingbymyself./
{{*HTML*}}UnlockingtheHumanGenome基因组??1．A．projecttounlocksecrets—whatscientistcouldresistthatchallenge?ThisiswhatmanyscientistsaredoingastheyworkontheHumanGenomeProject.Theaimoftheprojectistodecode破译allofthesome100000genesinthehumanbody.ScientistsareusingDNAfingerprintingtechniquestodothedecoding.??2．DNA．isthesubstancefoundinthechromosomes染色体ofacell.Achromosomeisachainofgenes.Eachgenecarriesapieceofgeneticinformation.Atanyonemomentinacellthousandsofgenesareturnedonandofftoproduceproteins蛋白质.Thechallengeforscientistsistofindoutwhatroleeachgeneplaysinproteinproduction.Atsomepointthisdecodingwillbecomplete.Thenscientistswillhaveamapofanidealgenomeorapictureofthetotalgeneticnatureofahumanbeing.Theidealgenomeiscalledaconsensus交感genome.Everythingworkswellinaconsensusgenome.??3．Butnooneintheworldhasaconsensusgenome.Everyone’sgenomeisdifferentfromtheideal.Thesedifferencesarereferredtoasgeneticmutations突变.Geneticmutationsinaperson’sgenomemeanthatthepersonhasagreaterthanaveragechanceofsufferingfromhealthproblems.Someproblemsarenotlife-threatening.Thesewouldincludethingslikecolorblindnessormildheadaches.Otherproblemsareserioussuchasheartdiseaseorcancer.??4．Itwilltakeyearstoidentifytheroleofeachofthe100000genes.Theshort-termgoaloftheprojectistofindthephysicalandmentalhealthproblemsapersonislikelytoencounterduringhisorherlifetime.Thelong-termgoalistohaveeachpersonlivealongerhealthierlife.Paragraph4______
{{*HTML*}}TheJoyofLivingAlone??MoreandmoreAmericansarelivingalone.Somelivealonebecauseofdivorceorthedeathofapartner.?1?AccordingtoarecentU.S.census人口普查25percentofallhouseholdsintheU.S.aremadeupofjustoneperson.Thisisadramaticchangefromtheextendedfamiliesofjustacoupleofgenerationsago.??Thetypicalpersonlivingaloneisneitheroldnorlonely.?2?Themajorityofthesepeoplehavechosentolivealone.Theyarerespondingtodecreasingsocialpressuretogetmarriedandhaveafamily.??It’snowsociallyacceptableevenfashionabletolivealone.Aspeoplegetbetterjobsandbecomefinanciallyindependentitbecomespossibleforthemtomaintainaone-personhousehold.?3?Howeverpeoplewhodogetmarriedaremarryingatalaterageanddivorcingmoreoften.??Thenumberonereasongivenbymostpeopleforlivingaloneisthattheysimplyenjoydoingwhattheywantwhentheywanttodoit.LivingaloneisaluxurysaysNinaHagiwara38.Onceyoudoityoucan’tevergobacktolivingwithothers.DavidC’Debaca46agrees.?4???Childrenthinkthatbeinggrownupmeansbeingabletodoexactlyastheyplease.?5?ThechancetodiscoverwhetherthatfreedomisaswonderfulasitsoundsisachancemoreandmoreAmericansaretaking.??A．There’smorepressuretogetmarriednowadays.??B．Thegrowingnumberofwomenwithgoodjobshasdonemuchtoincreasethenumberofpeoplelivingalone.??C．Howeverevenmorepeoplearelivingalonebecausetheyhavechosento.??D．Itseemsthatmanygrown-upstodayarerealizingthatchildhooddream.??E．Infactaquarterofthe23millionsinglepeopleintheU.S.areundertheageof35.??F．HesaysIlikebeingbymyself./
{{*HTML*}}EarlyIdeasabouttheUniverse??1．Earlymangothisideasabouttheuniversebylookingatthestarsasyoudo.Heobservedcarefullyandlearnedmanythingsaboutthesunthemoonandthestars.??2．Supposeyouwereaskedtocollectevidenceaboutthesunasearlymandid.Youmightgooutmorningaftermorningandseeitcomeupintheeast.Evenoncloudymorningsyouwouldobservethatthedarknessgoesawayandtheworldbecomeslight.Youmightnotseethesunbutwouldbesureitistherebecauseyounoticethattheearthwarmsup.Asyoucontinuedthesunclimbshigherintheskyeachdayduringpartoftheyear.Itstaysintheskylonger.Theearthgetswarmer.Thingsbegintogrow.Itisspringandthensummer.??3．Afterawhilethesunstaysintheskyforshorterandshorterperiods.Manyplantsbegintodie.Leavesfall.Wintercomes.Yearafteryearthisisrepeatedandyoucannottellexactlywhyithappens.Butyourealizethatthesunseemstomakethedifference.Primitive原始的manfeltthatsincethesunwassopowerfulitmustbeagod.Itmayseemsillytousnowtoworship崇拜asun-godbutprimitivemanwasrightabouttheimportanceofthesuntolifeonearth.??4．Youhavebeentoldthattheworldisround.Butsupposenoonehadevertaughtyouthattheworldwaslikeahugeball.Wouldyouhaveeverthoughtofityourself?Youcannotseethecurve曲线oftheearthatonce.Youwouldhavenoideaofhowbigitwas.That’swhyearlymanbelievedthattheearthwassmallandflat.Suchideasappearedfromtheevidencetheyhad.??5．Ifyouwatchthestarsnightafternightyouwillseethemriseandset.Asyoulookattheskyitisnotdifficulttoimaginethatyouareinthecenterofavastcollectionoftwinkling闪烁lights.Someearlyastronomers天文学家believedtheskywasacrystalshellorseriesofcrystalshellsoneinsidetheother.Theybelievedthisbecausethatiswhatthenightskylookedlike.Formanycenturiesmenbelievedthattheearthwasthecenteroftheuniverseandthatthesunthemoonandthestarscircledaroundit.Paragraph5______
{{*HTML*}}Ford??1．Ford’sgreatstrengthwasthemanufacturingprocess—notinvention.Longbeforehestartedacarcompanyhewasaworkerknownforpickinguppiecesofmetalandwireandturningthemintomachines.Hestartedputtingcarstogetherin1891.AlthoughitwasbynomeansthefirstpopularautomobiletheModelTshowedtheworldjusthowcreativeFordwasatcombiningtechnologyandmarket.??2．Thecompany’sassemblylinealonethrewAmerica’sIndustrialRevolutionintooverdrive高速运转.InsteadofhavingworkersputtogethertheentirecarFord’sfriendswhoweregreattoolmakersfromScotlandorganizedteamsthataddedpartstoeachModelTasitmoveddownaline.BythetimeFord’sHighlandParkplantwashumming嗡嗡作响alongin1914theworld’sfirstautomaticconveyorbeltcouldturnoutacarevery93minutes.??3．ThesameyearHenryFordshockedtheworldwiththe$5-a-dayminimumwageschemethegreatestcontributionhehadevermade.Theaveragewageintheautoindustrythenwas$2.34fora9-hourshift.Fordnotonlydoubledthathealsotookanhourofftheworkday.Inthoseyearsitwasunthinkablethatamancouldbepaidthatmuchfordoingsomethingthatdidn’tinvolveanawfullotoftrainingoreducation.TheWallStreetJournalcalledtheplananeconomiccrimeandcriticseverywherelaughedatFord.??4．Butasthewageincreasedlatertodaily$10itprovedacriticalcomponentofFord’sdreamtomaketheautomobileaccessible可及的toall.ThecriticsweretoostupidtounderstandthatbecauseFordhadloweredhiscostspercarthehigherwagesdidn’tmatter—exceptformakingitpossibleformorepeopletobuycars.Fordwasthefirsttoadopt______.
{{*HTML*}}EarlyIdeasabouttheUniverse??1．Earlymangothisideasabouttheuniversebylookingatthestarsasyoudo.Heobservedcarefullyandlearnedmanythingsaboutthesunthemoonandthestars.??2．Supposeyouwereaskedtocollectevidenceaboutthesunasearlymandid.Youmightgooutmorningaftermorningandseeitcomeupintheeast.Evenoncloudymorningsyouwouldobservethatthedarknessgoesawayandtheworldbecomeslight.Youmightnotseethesunbutwouldbesureitistherebecauseyounoticethattheearthwarmsup.Asyoucontinuedthesunclimbshigherintheskyeachdayduringpartoftheyear.Itstaysintheskylonger.Theearthgetswarmer.Thingsbegintogrow.Itisspringandthensummer.??3．Afterawhilethesunstaysintheskyforshorterandshorterperiods.Manyplantsbegintodie.Leavesfall.Wintercomes.Yearafteryearthisisrepeatedandyoucannottellexactlywhyithappens.Butyourealizethatthesunseemstomakethedifference.Primitive原始的manfeltthatsincethesunwassopowerfulitmustbeagod.Itmayseemsillytousnowtoworship崇拜asun-godbutprimitivemanwasrightabouttheimportanceofthesuntolifeonearth.??4．Youhavebeentoldthattheworldisround.Butsupposenoonehadevertaughtyouthattheworldwaslikeahugeball.Wouldyouhaveeverthoughtofityourself?Youcannotseethecurve曲线oftheearthatonce.Youwouldhavenoideaofhowbigitwas.That’swhyearlymanbelievedthattheearthwassmallandflat.Suchideasappearedfromtheevidencetheyhad.??5．Ifyouwatchthestarsnightafternightyouwillseethemriseandset.Asyoulookattheskyitisnotdifficulttoimaginethatyouareinthecenterofavastcollectionoftwinkling闪烁lights.Someearlyastronomers天文学家believedtheskywasacrystalshellorseriesofcrystalshellsoneinsidetheother.Theybelievedthisbecausethatiswhatthenightskylookedlike.Formanycenturiesmenbelievedthattheearthwasthecenteroftheuniverseandthatthesunthemoonandthestarscircledaroundit.Primitivemanbelievedthesunwasagodbecause______.
{{*HTML*}}Ford??1．Ford’sgreatstrengthwasthemanufacturingprocess—notinvention.Longbeforehestartedacarcompanyhewasaworkerknownforpickinguppiecesofmetalandwireandturningthemintomachines.Hestartedputtingcarstogetherin1891.AlthoughitwasbynomeansthefirstpopularautomobiletheModelTshowedtheworldjusthowcreativeFordwasatcombiningtechnologyandmarket.??2．Thecompany’sassemblylinealonethrewAmerica’sIndustrialRevolutionintooverdrive高速运转.InsteadofhavingworkersputtogethertheentirecarFord’sfriendswhoweregreattoolmakersfromScotlandorganizedteamsthataddedpartstoeachModelTasitmoveddownaline.BythetimeFord’sHighlandParkplantwashumming嗡嗡作响alongin1914theworld’sfirstautomaticconveyorbeltcouldturnoutacarevery93minutes.??3．ThesameyearHenryFordshockedtheworldwiththe$5-a-dayminimumwageschemethegreatestcontributionhehadevermade.Theaveragewageintheautoindustrythenwas$2.34fora9-hourshift.Fordnotonlydoubledthathealsotookanhourofftheworkday.Inthoseyearsitwasunthinkablethatamancouldbepaidthatmuchfordoingsomethingthatdidn’tinvolveanawfullotoftrainingoreducation.TheWallStreetJournalcalledtheplananeconomiccrimeandcriticseverywherelaughedatFord.??4．Butasthewageincreasedlatertodaily$10itprovedacriticalcomponentofFord’sdreamtomaketheautomobileaccessible可及的toall.ThecriticsweretoostupidtounderstandthatbecauseFordhadloweredhiscostspercarthehigherwagesdidn’tmatter—exceptformakingitpossibleformorepeopletobuycars.Paragraph4______
{{*HTML*}}UnlockingtheHumanGenome基因组??1．A．projecttounlocksecrets—whatscientistcouldresistthatchallenge?ThisiswhatmanyscientistsaredoingastheyworkontheHumanGenomeProject.Theaimoftheprojectistodecode破译allofthesome100000genesinthehumanbody.ScientistsareusingDNAfingerprintingtechniquestodothedecoding.??2．DNA．isthesubstancefoundinthechromosomes染色体ofacell.Achromosomeisachainofgenes.Eachgenecarriesapieceofgeneticinformation.Atanyonemomentinacellthousandsofgenesareturnedonandofftoproduceproteins蛋白质.Thechallengeforscientistsistofindoutwhatroleeachgeneplaysinproteinproduction.Atsomepointthisdecodingwillbecomplete.Thenscientistswillhaveamapofanidealgenomeorapictureofthetotalgeneticnatureofahumanbeing.Theidealgenomeiscalledaconsensus交感genome.Everythingworkswellinaconsensusgenome.??3．Butnooneintheworldhasaconsensusgenome.Everyone’sgenomeisdifferentfromtheideal.Thesedifferencesarereferredtoasgeneticmutations突变.Geneticmutationsinaperson’sgenomemeanthatthepersonhasagreaterthanaveragechanceofsufferingfromhealthproblems.Someproblemsarenotlife-threatening.Thesewouldincludethingslikecolorblindnessormildheadaches.Otherproblemsareserioussuchasheartdiseaseorcancer.??4．Itwilltakeyearstoidentifytheroleofeachofthe100000genes.Theshort-termgoaloftheprojectistofindthephysicalandmentalhealthproblemsapersonislikelytoencounterduringhisorherlifetime.Thelong-termgoalistohaveeachpersonlivealongerhealthierlife.Decodingthehumangenomeisachallengeto______.
{{*HTML*}}A．StarIsBorn??1．TheVLTVeryLargeTelescopeistheworld’slargesttelescope望远镜andistakingastronomers天文学家furtherbacktotheBigBangthantheyeverthoughtpossible.Located2600metresupintheChileanAndesithasfourhugemirrorseachaboutthesizeofaLondonbus.TheVLTissopowerfulitcanspotaburningmatch10000kilometresaway.??2．Thisastonishingpowerwillallowastronomerstoseeeventsinspacefromthebirthofstarstothecollision碰撞ofgalaxies星系ontheedgeofthecosmos宇宙.TheVLTisgivingastronomerstheirbest-everviewofthecosmos.ThepoweroftheVLTtoseethesmallestdetailatthefurthestdistancesmakesitsdesignersamazed.??3．TakethecaseofEtaCarinaeoneofthemostexplosivestarsintheuniverse.Thisstarproducesultravioletlaserrays紫外线anditwilldestroyitselfinafewmillionyears’time.Itisfivetimesbrighterthanthesunandwhenitexplodesitisgoingtobeasightworthwaitingfor!??4．ButitisatdistancesofmillionsevenbillionsoflightyearsthattheVLTreallyshowsitspower.TheVLTcandetectlightthatsetoutonitsjourneybeforetheearthevenexisted.Thisgivesastronomerstheirfirst-everdetailedviewsofeventsthattookplaceintheearliestdaysofthecosmos.??5．InotherwordstheVLTisakindofatimemachine.Ittakesastronomersbacktoatimewhencompletegalaxiescrashedintoeachother.Theeffectsofthesepastcollisionscannowbeseenbyscientistsandastronomersbelievethetelescopewillrevealmoreabouttheseexcitingeventsintheyearstocome.Onedaywemightbeabletosaywehavetraveledbacktothebeginningoftimeandwewillhaveamuchclearerpictureofhowourplanetwasborn.Paragraph4______
AnIntelligentCar Drivingneedssharpeyeskeenearsquickbrainandcoordination协调betweenhandsandthebrain.Manyhumandrivershaveall1andcancontrolafast-movingcar.Buthowdoesanintelligentcarcontrolitself Thereisavirtual虚拟的driverinthesmartcar.Thisvirtualdriverhas"eyes""brains""hands"and"feet"too.Theminicameras2eachsideofthecararehis"eyes"which3theroadconditionsaheadofit.Theywatchthe4tothecar’sleftandright.Thereisalsoahighlyautomaticdriving5inthecar.Itisthebuilt-incomputerwhichisthevirtualdriver’s"brain".His"brain"6thespeedsofothermovingcarsnearitandanalyzestheirpositions.Basingonthisinformationitchoosesthe7pathfortheintelligentcarandgivesinstructionstothe"hands"and"feet"toactaccordingly.Inthiswaythevirtualdriver8hiscar. Whatisthevirtualdriver’sbestadvantageHereacts9.Theminicamerasarebringing10continuouslytothe"brain".Itcompletestheprocessingoftheimageswithin100milliseconds.11theworld’sbestdriverneedsatleastonesecondtoreact.Besideswhenhetakes12heneedsonemoresecond. Thevirtualdriverisreallywonderful.Hecanreducetheaccident13considerablyonexpressways高速公路.Inthis14canwelethimhavethewheelatanytimeandinanyplaceExperts15thatwecannotdothatjustyet.Hisabilitytorecognizethingsisstilllimited.Hecannowonlydriveanintelligentcaronexpressways. 6
{{*HTML*}}Farmers’Markets??CharlotteHollinsknowsshefacesabattle.The23-year-oldBritishfarmerandher21-year-oldbrotherBenarefightingtosavethefarmfromdevelopersthattheirfatherworkedonsincehewas14.?1???Youdon’toftengetadayoff.Supermarketsputalotofpressureonfarmerstokeeppricesdown.Withfewerpeopleworkingonfarmsitcanbeisolatingshesaid.Thereisahighrateofsuicideandfarmingwillnevermakeyourich!??OliverRobinson25grewuponafarminYorkshire.?2?I’msuredadhopedI’dstayhesaid.?Iguessit’sanicestraightforwardlifebutitdoesn’tappeal.Foryoungambitiouspeoplefarmlifewouldbeahardworld.ForRobinsonfarmingdoesn’toffermuchintermsofmoneyorlifestyle.Hollinsagreesthateconomicsstopspeoplefrompursuingfarmingrewards:providingforavitalhumanneedwhileworkingoutdoorswithnature.??FarmingisabigpoliticalissueintheUK.?3?The2001footandmouthcrisisclosedthousandsoffarmsstoppedmeatexportsandraisedpublicconsciousnessoftroublesinUKfarming.??JamieOliver’s2005campaigntogetchildrentoeathealthilyalsohighlightedtheissue.Thisnationalconcernspells带来hopeforfarmerscompetingwithpowerfulsupermarkets.?4???IstartedgoingtoFarmers’Marketsindirectdefiance蔑视ofthebigsupermarkets.?5?It’sterriblesaidLondonerMichaelSamson.??A．Butheneverconsideredstayingonhisfatherandgrandfather’sland.??B．WhilemostpeoplebuyfoodfromthebigsupermarketshundredsofindependentFarmers’Marketsarebecomingpopular.??C．Whileconfidenttheywillsucceedshelistsfarming’smanychallenges.??D．Youngpeopleprefertoliveincities.??E．Iseriouslyobjectedtothesuper-sizingofeverything—whatexactlyDOtheyputonourapplestomakethemsobigandred???F．BuyBritishcampaignsurge鼓励consumersnottobuycheaperimportedfoods.
{{*HTML*}}A．StarIsBorn??1．TheVLTVeryLargeTelescopeistheworld’slargesttelescope望远镜andistakingastronomers天文学家furtherbacktotheBigBangthantheyeverthoughtpossible.Located2600metresupintheChileanAndesithasfourhugemirrorseachaboutthesizeofaLondonbus.TheVLTissopowerfulitcanspotaburningmatch10000kilometresaway.??2．Thisastonishingpowerwillallowastronomerstoseeeventsinspacefromthebirthofstarstothecollision碰撞ofgalaxies星系ontheedgeofthecosmos宇宙.TheVLTisgivingastronomerstheirbest-everviewofthecosmos.ThepoweroftheVLTtoseethesmallestdetailatthefurthestdistancesmakesitsdesignersamazed.??3．TakethecaseofEtaCarinaeoneofthemostexplosivestarsintheuniverse.Thisstarproducesultravioletlaserrays紫外线anditwilldestroyitselfinafewmillionyears’time.Itisfivetimesbrighterthanthesunandwhenitexplodesitisgoingtobeasightworthwaitingfor!??4．ButitisatdistancesofmillionsevenbillionsoflightyearsthattheVLTreallyshowsitspower.TheVLTcandetectlightthatsetoutonitsjourneybeforetheearthevenexisted.Thisgivesastronomerstheirfirst-everdetailedviewsofeventsthattookplaceintheearliestdaysofthecosmos.??5．InotherwordstheVLTisakindofatimemachine.Ittakesastronomersbacktoatimewhencompletegalaxiescrashedintoeachother.Theeffectsofthesepastcollisionscannowbeseenbyscientistsandastronomersbelievethetelescopewillrevealmoreabouttheseexcitingeventsintheyearstocome.Onedaywemightbeabletosaywehavetraveledbacktothebeginningoftimeandwewillhaveamuchclearerpictureofhowourplanetwasborn.Paragraph2______
{{*HTML*}}A．StarIsBorn??1．TheVLTVeryLargeTelescopeistheworld’slargesttelescope望远镜andistakingastronomers天文学家furtherbacktotheBigBangthantheyeverthoughtpossible.Located2600metresupintheChileanAndesithasfourhugemirrorseachaboutthesizeofaLondonbus.TheVLTissopowerfulitcanspotaburningmatch10000kilometresaway.??2．Thisastonishingpowerwillallowastronomerstoseeeventsinspacefromthebirthofstarstothecollision碰撞ofgalaxies星系ontheedgeofthecosmos宇宙.TheVLTisgivingastronomerstheirbest-everviewofthecosmos.ThepoweroftheVLTtoseethesmallestdetailatthefurthestdistancesmakesitsdesignersamazed.??3．TakethecaseofEtaCarinaeoneofthemostexplosivestarsintheuniverse.Thisstarproducesultravioletlaserrays紫外线anditwilldestroyitselfinafewmillionyears’time.Itisfivetimesbrighterthanthesunandwhenitexplodesitisgoingtobeasightworthwaitingfor!??4．ButitisatdistancesofmillionsevenbillionsoflightyearsthattheVLTreallyshowsitspower.TheVLTcandetectlightthatsetoutonitsjourneybeforetheearthevenexisted.Thisgivesastronomerstheirfirst-everdetailedviewsofeventsthattookplaceintheearliestdaysofthecosmos.??5．InotherwordstheVLTisakindofatimemachine.Ittakesastronomersbacktoatimewhencompletegalaxiescrashedintoeachother.Theeffectsofthesepastcollisionscannowbeseenbyscientistsandastronomersbelievethetelescopewillrevealmoreabouttheseexcitingeventsintheyearstocome.Onedaywemightbeabletosaywehavetraveledbacktothebeginningoftimeandwewillhaveamuchclearerpictureofhowourplanetwasborn.ScientistsbelievetheVLTwilltellusmoreabout______.
{{*HTML*}}TheRoadrunner??Theroadrunner走雀livesinthedesertzoneofthesouthwesternUnitedStatesandnorthernMexico.?1?Peoplegaveititsnamebecausetheyusuallyseeitrunningacrossaroadbutofcourseitspendsmoretimeamongtheplantsofthedesertthanitdoesonroads.??Theroadrunnerisquitealargebird—about45centimeterslongand25centimetershigh.?2?Itholdsitsheadstraightoutinfrontanditstailsticksstraightoutinback.Ittakeslongstepsandcanrun30kilometersanhour.??Iteatsanamazingvarietyoffood.Althoughiteatsplantsonceinawhileitismostlyameateater.Mostofitsdietisinsectsbutitalsocatchesbirdsmiceandothersmallanimals.Itisevenbraveenoughtocatchsnakesandblackwidowspiders蛛.???3?Whenhefindsonehegivesherpresents—asnaketoeatoratinybranchofatreetouseinbuildinganest.Thentheybuildtheirnestthefemalelayseggsandtheyraisetheiryoung.???4?OnecoupleinArizonafeedsapairofroadrunnersthatcomeonceatatimeeverydayandmakeanoiseoutsidethewindow.Ifsomeonedoesn’tgivethebirdapieceofhamburgerimmediatelythebirdknocksonthewindowwithitsbeak喙.Roadrunnersarenotshy.???5?Theywillstandonachairortableandwatchtelevisionandtheyseemreallyinterestedinwhatishappeningontheprogram.??A．Roadrunnerscanalsobecomefriendlywithpeople.??B．Peoplelaughwhenitrunsbecauseitlookssofunny.??C．Itisabirdbutitcanonlyflyaboutasmuchasachickencan.??D．Inearlyspringthebirddoesn’teatanything.??E．Anothercouplefeedsapairofroadrunnersthatgorightintothehouse.??F．Inthespringamaleroadrunnerbeginslookingforafemaleasamate.
{{*HTML*}}Ford??1．Ford’sgreatstrengthwasthemanufacturingprocess—notinvention.Longbeforehestartedacarcompanyhewasaworkerknownforpickinguppiecesofmetalandwireandturningthemintomachines.Hestartedputtingcarstogetherin1891.AlthoughitwasbynomeansthefirstpopularautomobiletheModelTshowedtheworldjusthowcreativeFordwasatcombiningtechnologyandmarket.??2．Thecompany’sassemblylinealonethrewAmerica’sIndustrialRevolutionintooverdrive高速运转.InsteadofhavingworkersputtogethertheentirecarFord’sfriendswhoweregreattoolmakersfromScotlandorganizedteamsthataddedpartstoeachModelTasitmoveddownaline.BythetimeFord’sHighlandParkplantwashumming嗡嗡作响alongin1914theworld’sfirstautomaticconveyorbeltcouldturnoutacarevery93minutes.??3．ThesameyearHenryFordshockedtheworldwiththe$5-a-dayminimumwageschemethegreatestcontributionhehadevermade.Theaveragewageintheautoindustrythenwas$2.34fora9-hourshift.Fordnotonlydoubledthathealsotookanhourofftheworkday.Inthoseyearsitwasunthinkablethatamancouldbepaidthatmuchfordoingsomethingthatdidn’tinvolveanawfullotoftrainingoreducation.TheWallStreetJournalcalledtheplananeconomiccrimeandcriticseverywherelaughedatFord.??4．Butasthewageincreasedlatertodaily$10itprovedacriticalcomponentofFord’sdreamtomaketheautomobileaccessible可及的toall.ThecriticsweretoostupidtounderstandthatbecauseFordhadloweredhiscostspercarthehigherwagesdidn’tmatter—exceptformakingitpossibleformorepeopletobuycars.Ford’shigher-wageandlower-coststrategywasstrongly______.
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