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A Bit Good News for Fat People 1 Certainly there are millions who need to lose weight. But there ar...
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Scientistshavediscoveredthat__61_____stayinthecold
D Badnewssells.Ifitbleedsitleads.Nonewsisgood
Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide
B .Online News Attracts More People
Reading Habits Change with the Times
Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks
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Scientistshavediscoveredthat____61____stayinthecol
Proteinfoundinmeatandcheeseisusedfortissuebuilding
People who are allergic to animal fat.
People who have certain kinds of heart disease.
People who are overweight.
People who are too thin.
Allthepeopleinthecompanylookforwardtoothergoodnews
Ifitreallyiswhat’sontheinsidethatcountsthenalotoft
Scientistshavediscoveredthat61.______stayinthecold
London—Ifitreallyiswhat’sontheinsidethatcountsthen
AccordingtoDr.MarcieSchneiderandEricaLeon
it is too bad for youngsters to be a bit fat.
it is necessary for the children to be a bit fat.
youngsters should struggle with their body image.
overweight children should not diet.
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Scientistshavediscoveredthat____61____stayinthecol
______itis!Thegovernmentisplanningtobuildmorelow-c
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PreventingChildMaltreatmentChildmaltreatmentisaglobalproblemwithseriouslife-longconsequences.Therearenoreliableglobalestimatesfortheprevalenceofchildmaltreatment.Dataformanycountriesespeciallylow-and-middle-incomecountriesarelacking.Childmaltreatmentiscomplexanddifficulttostudy.Currentestimatesvarywidelydependingonthecountryandthemethodofresearchused.Nonethelessinternationalstudiesrevealthatapproximately20%ofwomenand5-10%ofmenreportbeingsexuallyabusedaschildren.While25-50%ofallchildrenreportbeingphysicallyabused.Additionallymanychildrenaresubjecttoemotionalabusesometimesreferredtoaspsychologicalabuse.Everyyearthereareanestimated31000homicidedeathsinchildrenunder15.Thisnumberunderestimatesthetrueextentoftheproblemasasignificantproportionofdeathsduetochildmaltreatmentareincorrectlyattributedtofallsbumsanddrowning.Childmaltreatmentcausessufferingtochildrenandfamiliesandcanhavelong-termconsequences.Maltreatmentcausesstressthatisassociatedwithdisruptioninearlybraindevelopment.Extremestresscanimpairthedevelopmentofthenervousandimmunesystems.Consequentlyasadultsmaltreatedchildrenareatincreasedriskforbehavioralphysicalandmentalhealthproblem.Viathebehavioralandmentalhealthconsequencesmaltreatmentcancontributetoheartdiseasecancersuicideandsexuallytransmittedinfections.Beyondthehealthconsequencesofchildmaltreatmentthereisaneconomicimpactincludingcostofhospitalizationmentalhealthtreatmentchildwelfareandlonger-termhealthcost.Anumberofriskfactorforchildmaltreatmenthavebeenidentified.Theseriskfactorsarenotpresentinallsocialandculturalcontextsbutprovideanoverviewwhenattemptingtounderstandthecausesofchildmaltreatment.Itisimportanttoemphasizethatchildrenarethevictimsandarenevertoblameformaltreatment.AnumberofcharacteristicsofanindividualchildmayincreasethelikelihoodofbeingmaltreatedsuchasbeingeitherunderfouryearsoldoranadolescentbeingunwantedorfailingtofulfilltheexpectationsofparentsandhavingspecialneedcryingpersistentlyorhavingabnormalphysicalfeaturesWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage
ModerateEarthquakeStrikesEnglandAmoderateearthquakestruckpartsofsoutheastEnglandon28April2007topplingchimneysfromhousesandrousingresidentsfromtheirbeds.SeveralthousandpeoplewereleftwithoutpowerinKentCounty.Onewomansufferedminorheadandneckinjuries.Itfeltasifthewholehousewasbeingslidacrosslikeafun-fairridesaidthewoman.TheBritishGeologicalSurveysaidthe4.3-magnitudequakestruckat8:19a.m.andwascenteredundertheEnglishChannelabout8.5milessouthofDoverandneartheentrancetotheChannelTunnel.Witnessessaidcracksappearedinwallsandchimneyscollapsedacrossthecounty.Residentssaidthetremorhadlastedforabout10to15seconds.IwaslyinginbedanditfeltasifsomeonehadjustgotupfrombednexttomesaidHendrickvanEck27ofCanterburyabout60milessoutheastofLondon.Ithenheardthesoundofcrackinganditwasgettingheavierandheavier.Itfeltasifsomeonewasattheendofmybedhoppingupanddown.TherearethousandsofmoderatequakesonthisscalearoundtheworldeachyearbuttheyarerareinBritain.TheApril28quakewasthestrongestinBritainsince2002whena4.8-magnitudequakestruckthecentralEnglandcityofBirmingham.Thecountry’sstrongestearthquaketookplaceintheNorthSeain1931measuring6.1ontheRichterscale.BritishGeologicalSurveyscientistRogerMussonsaidthequaketookplaceon28AprilinanareathathadseenseveralofthebiggestearthquakesevertostrikeBritainincludingonein1580thatcauseddamageinLondonandwasfeltinFrance.MussonpredictedthatitwasonlyamatteroftimebeforeanotherearthquakestruckthispartofEngland.HoweverpeopleshouldnotbescaredtoomushbythispredictionMussonsaidasthemodernearthquakewarningsystemofBritainshouldbeabletodetectaforthcomingquakeandannounceitseveralhoursbeforeittakesplace.Thiswouldallowtimeforpeopletoevacuateandreducedamagetotheminimum.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEnglandisrarelyhitbyhighmagnitudeearthquakes.
BeAlerttoAntimicrobialResistanceTheabilityofmicro-organismstofindwaystoevadetheactionofthedrugsusedtocuretheinfectionstheycauseisincreasinglyrecognizedasaglobalpublichealthissue.Somebacteriahavedevelopedmechanismswhichmakethemresistanttomanyoftheantibioticsnormallyusedfortheirtreatmentmulti-drugresistantbacteriasoposeparticulardifficultiesastheremaybefewornoalternativeoptionsfortherapy.Theyconstituteagrowingandglobalpublichealthproblem.WHOsuggeststhatcountriesshouldbepreparedtoimplementhospitalinfectioncontrolmeasurestolimitthespreadofmulti-drugresistantstrainsandtoreinforcenationalpolicyonprudentuseofantibioticsreducingthegenerationofantibioticresistantbacteria~AnarticlepunishedinTheLancetInfectiousDiseaseson11August2010identifiedanewgenethatenablessometypesofbacteriatobehighlyresistanttoalmostallantibiotics.ThearticlehasdrawnattentiontotheissueofAMRantimicrobialresistanceandinparticularhasraisedawarenessofinfectionscausedbymulti-drugresistantbacteria.Whilemulti-drugresistantbacteriaarenotnewandwillcontinuetoappearthisdevelopmentrequiresmonitoringandfurtherstudytounderstandtheextentandmodesoftransmissionandtodefinethemosteffectivemeasuresforcontrol.Thosecalledupontobealerttotheproblemofantimicrobialresistanceandtakeappropriateactionincludeconsumersmanagersofhospitalspatientsaswellasnationalgovernmentsthepharmaceuticalindustryandinternationalagencies.WHOstronglyrecommendsthatgovernmentsfocuscontrolandpreventioneffortsinthefollowingareaslikesurveillanceforantimicrobialresistance;rationalantibioticuseincludingeducationofhealthcareworkersandthepublicintheappropriateuseofantibiotics;introducingorenforcinglegislationrelatedtostoppingthesellingofantibioticswithoutprescription;andstrictadherencetoinfectionpreventionandcontrolmeasuresincludingtheuseofhand-washingmeasuresparticularlyinhealthcarefacilities.Successfulcontrolofmultidrug-resistantmicroorganismshasbeendocumentedinmanycountriesandtheexistingandwell-knowninfectionpreventionandcontrolmeasurescaneffectivelyreducetransmissionofmulti-drugresistantorganismsifsystematicallyimplemented.WHOwillcontinuetosupportcountriestodeveloprelevantpoliciesandtocoordinateinternationaleffortstocombatantimicrobialresistance.AntimicrobialresistancewillbethethemeofWHO’sWorldHealthDay2011.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage
WhyPeopleUsePseudonymsYoucan’tchoosethenameyouaregivenatbirthbutinmanycountriesyoucanchangeitlegallywhenyoureachadulthood.Ofcoursemostpeopleneverchangetheirnames51theyfeelunhappyaboutthem.Howeversomepeopledo52thiscourseofaction—particularlyartists!WhatmakesanartistwanttochangetheirnameSometimesit’sforpurely53reasonssuchastheNobelPrizewinningpoetfromChileNeflaliReyes.Hedidn’twanthisfatherto54hewaswritingpoetrysohechangedhisnametoPabloNerudawhenhewasayoungman.55othertimesthereasonmayappeareccentric;takethecaseofthePortuguesepoetFemandoPessoa56wroteunder75differentnames.ThereasonisWhenIuseadifferentnameIalwayswriteinadifferentwayheexplained.Inmostcases57thereasonisforsocialhistoricalpoliticalorculturalreasons.Herearesomeofmost58.Theperson’srealnameisjus59longanddifficulttoremember.Let’sbehonestMadonnaLouiseCicconeisnotas60torememberasjustplainMadonna.Andshortnamesaremucheasiertoremember:WilliamBradleybecameBradPittandEdsonArantesdoNascimentobecamePele.Sometimesnamesarechangedformarketing61.Forexampleifanamesoundstooforeignitmaybechangedtosomethingthatismorerecognizableina62.SointhefilmworldRamonEstsvezadoptedthenameMartinSheen.Ormaybetheartist’sdoesn’tsoundveryattractive—ChadEverettdoes63alotbetterthanRaymondCramto.Artistssometimes64thenameofsomeonetheyadmire.RobertZimmennanchangedhisnametoBooDylanbecauseofhisadmirationfortheWelshpoetDylanThomas.Anotherreasonmaybepracticality:inthepastwomenfounditverydifficulttogetpublished.To65thissituationthesituationtheysometimesgavethemselvesmen’snamessotheEnglishauthorMaryAnnEvansbecameGeorgeEliotandshedidgetherbookspublished!
WhatMakesMetheWeightIAmThere’snoeasyanswertothisquestion.yourgeneticmakeupthephysicaltraitsthatgetpasseddowntoyoufromyourpatentsplaysabigpartindeterminingyoursizeandweight.46.Butifyourparentsaresmallerthanaverageyoumaywanttorethinkthatprofessionalbasketballcareer!Thesamegoesforyourbodytype.HaveyoueverheardsomeonesayapersonisbigbonedIt’sawayofsayingthepersonhasalargeframeorskeleton.Bigbonesusuallyweighmorethansmallbones.47.Likeyourheightorbodytypeyourgeneshavealottosayaboutwhatyourweightwillbe.Butthat’sonlypartofthestory.Beingoverweightcanruninsomeone’sfamilybutitmaynotbebecauseoftheirgenes.48.Andeventhoughsomekidsgainweightmoreeasilythanotherswhentheyeatrightandexercisemostkidscanbeahealthyandhappyweightthat’srightforthem.It’struethewayyoulivecanchangethewayyoulook.Howmuchyouweighisabalancebetweenthecaloriesyoueatandthecaloriesyouuse.49.IfyouspendyourfreetimewatchingTVyourbodywon’tuseasmanycaloriesasitwouldifyouplayedbasketballskatedorwentforawalk.Ifyouareinbalanceyourweightwillstayrightforyouasyougrow.Butifyoueatmoreandexerciselessyoumaybecomeoverweight.50.A.That’swhyit’spossiblefortwokidswiththesameheightbutdifferentweightstobothbetherightweight.B.Ifyoueatmorecaloriesthanyourbodyneedstouseyouwillgaintoomuchweight.C.Pooreatingandexercisehabitsalsorunmfamiliesandthismaybethereasonthemembersofafamilyareoverweight.D.Howevermanyoverweightpeoplehavedifficultyreachingtheirhealthybodyweight.E.Ontheotherhandifyoueatlessandexercisemoreyoumayloseweight.F.Ifbothyourparentsaretallthereisagoodchanceyou’llbetall.
LargeareasofAlaskanlandremaindesolateduetoharshclimate.
BeAlerttoAntimicrobialResistanceTheabilityofmicro-organismstofindwaystoevadetheactionofthedrugsusedtocuretheinfectionstheycauseisincreasinglyrecognizedasaglobalpublichealthissue.Somebacteriahavedevelopedmechanismswhichmakethemresistanttomanyoftheantibioticsnormallyusedfortheirtreatmentmulti-drugresistantbacteriasoposeparticulardifficultiesastheremaybefewornoalternativeoptionsfortherapy.Theyconstituteagrowingandglobalpublichealthproblem.WHOsuggeststhatcountriesshouldbepreparedtoimplementhospitalinfectioncontrolmeasurestolimitthespreadofmulti-drugresistantstrainsandtoreinforcenationalpolicyonprudentuseofantibioticsreducingthegenerationofantibioticresistantbacteria~AnarticlepunishedinTheLancetInfectiousDiseaseson11August2010identifiedanewgenethatenablessometypesofbacteriatobehighlyresistanttoalmostallantibiotics.ThearticlehasdrawnattentiontotheissueofAMRantimicrobialresistanceandinparticularhasraisedawarenessofinfectionscausedbymulti-drugresistantbacteria.Whilemulti-drugresistantbacteriaarenotnewandwillcontinuetoappearthisdevelopmentrequiresmonitoringandfurtherstudytounderstandtheextentandmodesoftransmissionandtodefinethemosteffectivemeasuresforcontrol.Thosecalledupontobealerttotheproblemofantimicrobialresistanceandtakeappropriateactionincludeconsumersmanagersofhospitalspatientsaswellasnationalgovernmentsthepharmaceuticalindustryandinternationalagencies.WHOstronglyrecommendsthatgovernmentsfocuscontrolandpreventioneffortsinthefollowingareaslikesurveillanceforantimicrobialresistance;rationalantibioticuseincludingeducationofhealthcareworkersandthepublicintheappropriateuseofantibiotics;introducingorenforcinglegislationrelatedtostoppingthesellingofantibioticswithoutprescription;andstrictadherencetoinfectionpreventionandcontrolmeasuresincludingtheuseofhand-washingmeasuresparticularlyinhealthcarefacilities.Successfulcontrolofmultidrug-resistantmicroorganismshasbeendocumentedinmanycountriesandtheexistingandwell-knowninfectionpreventionandcontrolmeasurescaneffectivelyreducetransmissionofmulti-drugresistantorganismsifsystematicallyimplemented.WHOwillcontinuetosupportcountriestodeveloprelevantpoliciesandtocoordinateinternationaleffortstocombatantimicrobialresistance.AntimicrobialresistancewillbethethemeofWHO’sWorldHealthDay2011.Whyistheuseofantibioticsarousinggloballyincreasinginterest
Shecouldnotenduretheextremetensionandbrokeintotearssuddenly.
WhyPeopleUsePseudonymsYoucan’tchoosethenameyouaregivenatbirthbutinmanycountriesyoucanchangeitlegallywhenyoureachadulthood.Ofcoursemostpeopleneverchangetheirnames51theyfeelunhappyaboutthem.Howeversomepeopledo52thiscourseofaction—particularlyartists!WhatmakesanartistwanttochangetheirnameSometimesit’sforpurely53reasonssuchastheNobelPrizewinningpoetfromChileNeflaliReyes.Hedidn’twanthisfatherto54hewaswritingpoetrysohechangedhisnametoPabloNerudawhenhewasayoungman.55othertimesthereasonmayappeareccentric;takethecaseofthePortuguesepoetFemandoPessoa56wroteunder75differentnames.ThereasonisWhenIuseadifferentnameIalwayswriteinadifferentwayheexplained.Inmostcases57thereasonisforsocialhistoricalpoliticalorculturalreasons.Herearesomeofmost58.Theperson’srealnameisjus59longanddifficulttoremember.Let’sbehonestMadonnaLouiseCicconeisnotas60torememberasjustplainMadonna.Andshortnamesaremucheasiertoremember:WilliamBradleybecameBradPittandEdsonArantesdoNascimentobecamePele.Sometimesnamesarechangedformarketing61.Forexampleifanamesoundstooforeignitmaybechangedtosomethingthatismorerecognizableina62.SointhefilmworldRamonEstsvezadoptedthenameMartinSheen.Ormaybetheartist’sdoesn’tsoundveryattractive—ChadEverettdoes63alotbetterthanRaymondCramto.Artistssometimes64thenameofsomeonetheyadmire.RobertZimmennanchangedhisnametoBooDylanbecauseofhisadmirationfortheWelshpoetDylanThomas.Anotherreasonmaybepracticality:inthepastwomenfounditverydifficulttogetpublished.To65thissituationthesituationtheysometimesgavethemselvesmen’snamessotheEnglishauthorMaryAnnEvansbecameGeorgeEliotandshedidgetherbookspublished!
Itisdifficulttounderstandthiskindofcomplicatedcalculation.
Thegovernmentwouldnotdaretoimposetaxesonsuchnecessitiesasbreadormilk.
ModerateEarthquakeStrikesEnglandAmoderateearthquakestruckpartsofsoutheastEnglandon28April2007topplingchimneysfromhousesandrousingresidentsfromtheirbeds.SeveralthousandpeoplewereleftwithoutpowerinKentCounty.Onewomansufferedminorheadandneckinjuries.Itfeltasifthewholehousewasbeingslidacrosslikeafun-fairridesaidthewoman.TheBritishGeologicalSurveysaidthe4.3-magnitudequakestruckat8:19a.m.andwascenteredundertheEnglishChannelabout8.5milessouthofDoverandneartheentrancetotheChannelTunnel.Witnessessaidcracksappearedinwallsandchimneyscollapsedacrossthecounty.Residentssaidthetremorhadlastedforabout10to15seconds.IwaslyinginbedanditfeltasifsomeonehadjustgotupfrombednexttomesaidHendrickvanEck27ofCanterburyabout60milessoutheastofLondon.Ithenheardthesoundofcrackinganditwasgettingheavierandheavier.Itfeltasifsomeonewasattheendofmybedhoppingupanddown.TherearethousandsofmoderatequakesonthisscalearoundtheworldeachyearbuttheyarerareinBritain.TheApril28quakewasthestrongestinBritainsince2002whena4.8-magnitudequakestruckthecentralEnglandcityofBirmingham.Thecountry’sstrongestearthquaketookplaceintheNorthSeain1931measuring6.1ontheRichterscale.BritishGeologicalSurveyscientistRogerMussonsaidthequaketookplaceon28AprilinanareathathadseenseveralofthebiggestearthquakesevertostrikeBritainincludingonein1580thatcauseddamageinLondonandwasfeltinFrance.MussonpredictedthatitwasonlyamatteroftimebeforeanotherearthquakestruckthispartofEngland.HoweverpeopleshouldnotbescaredtoomushbythispredictionMussonsaidasthemodernearthquakewarningsystemofBritainshouldbeabletodetectaforthcomingquakeandannounceitseveralhoursbeforeittakesplace.Thiswouldallowtimeforpeopletoevacuateandreducedamagetotheminimum.Thecountry’sstrongestearthquaketookplaceinLondonin1580.
SpoiltforChoiceChoicewearegiventobelieveisaright.Indailylifepeoplehavecometoexpectendlesssituationsaboutwhichtheyarerequiredtomakedecisionsonewayoranother.Inthemainthesearejustirksomemomentsatworkwhichdemandsomeextraenergyorbrainpowerorduringlunchbreakslikechoosingwhichtypeofcoffeetoorderorindeedwhichcoffeeshoptogoto.Butsometimesselectingoneoptionasopposedtoanothercanhaveseriousorlifelongrepercussions.Morecomplexdecision-makingistheneitheravoidedpostponedorputintothehandsofthearmyofprofessionalslifestylecoacheslawyersadvisorsandthelikewaitingtolightentheemotionalburdenforafee.Butforagoodmanypeopleintheworldinrichandpoorcountrieschoiceisaluxurynotaright.Andforthosewhothinktheyareexercisingtheirrighttomakechoicesthewholesystemismerelyanillusioncreatedbycompaniesandadvertiserswantingtoselltheirwares.Themainimpactofendlesschoiceinpeople’slivesisanxiety.Buyingsomethingasbasicasacoffeepotisnotexactlysimple.Easyaccesstoawiderangeofconsumergoodsinducesasenseofpowerlessnessevenparalysisinmanypeopleendingintheshoppergivingupandwalkingawayorjustbuyinganunsuitableitemthatisnotreallywantedinordertosolvetheproblemandreducetheunease.RecentsurveysintheUnitedKingdomhaveshownthatasizeableproportionofelectricalgoodsboughtperhouseholdarenotreallyneeded.Theadvertisersandtheshareholdersofthemanufacturersarenonethelesssatisfied.Itisnotjusttheiravailabilitythatistheproblembutthespeedwithwhichnewversionsofproductscomeonthemarket.Advancesindesignandproductionmeanthatnewitemsarealmostreadybythetimethatgoodshittheshelves.Productsalsoneedtohaveashortlifespansothatthepubliccanbepersuadedtoreplacethemwithinashorttime.Theclassicexampleiscomputerswhicharealmostobsoleteoncetheyarebought.Atfirsttherewereonlyoneortwoavailablefromalimitednumberofmanufacturersbutnowtherearemanycompaniesallwithnotonlytheirownproductsbutdifferentversionsofthesamemachine.Thismakesselectionaproblem.Gonearethedayswhenonecouldjustwalkwitheaseintoashopandbuyonething:nochoicenoanxiety.Theplethoraofchoiceisnotlimitedtoconsumeritems.Withthegreatermobilityofpeoplearoundtheworldpeoplehavemorechoiceaboutwheretheywanttoliveandworkafairlyrecentphenomenon.Inthepastnationsmigratedacrosshugeswathesoftheearthinsearchoffoodadventureandmorehospitableenvironments.Wholenationscrossedcontinentsandchangedthefaceofhistory.Sothemobilityofpeopleisnothingnew.Thecreationofnationstatesandborderseffectivelyslowedthisprocessdownbutwhatisdifferentnowisthespeedatwhichmigrationishappening:Howdoesmigrationdifferfromthepast
SpoiltforChoiceChoicewearegiventobelieveisaright.Indailylifepeoplehavecometoexpectendlesssituationsaboutwhichtheyarerequiredtomakedecisionsonewayoranother.Inthemainthesearejustirksomemomentsatworkwhichdemandsomeextraenergyorbrainpowerorduringlunchbreakslikechoosingwhichtypeofcoffeetoorderorindeedwhichcoffeeshoptogoto.Butsometimesselectingoneoptionasopposedtoanothercanhaveseriousorlifelongrepercussions.Morecomplexdecision-makingistheneitheravoidedpostponedorputintothehandsofthearmyofprofessionalslifestylecoacheslawyersadvisorsandthelikewaitingtolightentheemotionalburdenforafee.Butforagoodmanypeopleintheworldinrichandpoorcountrieschoiceisaluxurynotaright.Andforthosewhothinktheyareexercisingtheirrighttomakechoicesthewholesystemismerelyanillusioncreatedbycompaniesandadvertiserswantingtoselltheirwares.Themainimpactofendlesschoiceinpeople’slivesisanxiety.Buyingsomethingasbasicasacoffeepotisnotexactlysimple.Easyaccesstoawiderangeofconsumergoodsinducesasenseofpowerlessnessevenparalysisinmanypeopleendingintheshoppergivingupandwalkingawayorjustbuyinganunsuitableitemthatisnotreallywantedinordertosolvetheproblemandreducetheunease.RecentsurveysintheUnitedKingdomhaveshownthatasizeableproportionofelectricalgoodsboughtperhouseholdarenotreallyneeded.Theadvertisersandtheshareholdersofthemanufacturersarenonethelesssatisfied.Itisnotjusttheiravailabilitythatistheproblembutthespeedwithwhichnewversionsofproductscomeonthemarket.Advancesindesignandproductionmeanthatnewitemsarealmostreadybythetimethatgoodshittheshelves.Productsalsoneedtohaveashortlifespansothatthepubliccanbepersuadedtoreplacethemwithinashorttime.Theclassicexampleiscomputerswhicharealmostobsoleteoncetheyarebought.Atfirsttherewereonlyoneortwoavailablefromalimitednumberofmanufacturersbutnowtherearemanycompaniesallwithnotonlytheirownproductsbutdifferentversionsofthesamemachine.Thismakesselectionaproblem.Gonearethedayswhenonecouldjustwalkwitheaseintoashopandbuyonething:nochoicenoanxiety.Theplethoraofchoiceisnotlimitedtoconsumeritems.Withthegreatermobilityofpeoplearoundtheworldpeoplehavemorechoiceaboutwheretheywanttoliveandworkafairlyrecentphenomenon.Inthepastnationsmigratedacrosshugeswathesoftheearthinsearchoffoodadventureandmorehospitableenvironments.Wholenationscrossedcontinentsandchangedthefaceofhistory.Sothemobilityofpeopleisnothingnew.Thecreationofnationstatesandborderseffectivelyslowedthisprocessdownbutwhatisdifferentnowisthespeedatwhichmigrationishappening:Whenpeoplecannoteasilydecidewhattobuywhatistheleastpossiblechoice
Einstein'stheoryofrelativityseemedincrediblewhenitwasfirstintroduced.
WhatMakesMetheWeightIAmThere’snoeasyanswertothisquestion.yourgeneticmakeupthephysicaltraitsthatgetpasseddowntoyoufromyourpatentsplaysabigpartindeterminingyoursizeandweight.46.Butifyourparentsaresmallerthanaverageyoumaywanttorethinkthatprofessionalbasketballcareer!Thesamegoesforyourbodytype.HaveyoueverheardsomeonesayapersonisbigbonedIt’sawayofsayingthepersonhasalargeframeorskeleton.Bigbonesusuallyweighmorethansmallbones.47.Likeyourheightorbodytypeyourgeneshavealottosayaboutwhatyourweightwillbe.Butthat’sonlypartofthestory.Beingoverweightcanruninsomeone’sfamilybutitmaynotbebecauseoftheirgenes.48.Andeventhoughsomekidsgainweightmoreeasilythanotherswhentheyeatrightandexercisemostkidscanbeahealthyandhappyweightthat’srightforthem.It’struethewayyoulivecanchangethewayyoulook.Howmuchyouweighisabalancebetweenthecaloriesyoueatandthecaloriesyouuse.49.IfyouspendyourfreetimewatchingTVyourbodywon’tuseasmanycaloriesasitwouldifyouplayedbasketballskatedorwentforawalk.Ifyouareinbalanceyourweightwillstayrightforyouasyougrow.Butifyoueatmoreandexerciselessyoumaybecomeoverweight.50.A.That’swhyit’spossiblefortwokidswiththesameheightbutdifferentweightstobothbetherightweight.B.Ifyoueatmorecaloriesthanyourbodyneedstouseyouwillgaintoomuchweight.C.Pooreatingandexercisehabitsalsorunmfamiliesandthismaybethereasonthemembersofafamilyareoverweight.D.Howevermanyoverweightpeoplehavedifficultyreachingtheirhealthybodyweight.E.Ontheotherhandifyoueatlessandexercisemoreyoumayloseweight.F.Ifbothyourparentsaretallthereisagoodchanceyou’llbetall.
TakingaNapDuringtheDayMedicalexpertssaymostAmericansdonotget51sleep.TheysaymoreAmericansneedtorestforashortperiodinthemiddleoftheday.Theyareadvisingpeopletosleeplightlybefore52withotheractivities.Onestudyearlierthisyearfoundthatpersonswhosleepforafewminutesduringthedaywereless53todieofdisease.Thestudyfollowedmorethan2300Greekadults54aboutsixyears.Adultwhorestedforhalfanhour55threetimesaweekhada37percentlowerriskofdyingfromheartdiseasethanthosewhodidnotnap.Studyorganizerssaidthestrongestevidencewasinworkingmen.Theysaidnapsmightimprove56bymitigatingtensioncausedbywork.SomeEuropeanandLatinAmericanbusinesseshavesupportedthe57ofnappingformanyyears.Theyurgepeopleto58workgohomeandhaveanapbeforereturning.IntheUnitedStatessomecompaniesletworkersrestbrieflyintheiroffices.Theybelievethisreducesintheiroffices.Theybelievethisreduces59andaccidentsand60increasestheamountofworkapersoncando.Sleepexpertssayitislikelythatpeoplemakemoremistakesatworkthanatothertimes.Theysaypeopleshouldnotcarryoutimportantdutieswhentheyfeel61.Andtheysaythebestthingtodoistotakeanap.Abouttwentyminutesofrestis62youneed.Expertssaythisprovidesextraenergyandcanincreaseyoureffectiveness63theendoftheday.Butexpertswarnthatanap64lastnomorethantwentytothirtyminutes.Alongernapwillputthebodyintodeepsleepandwakingupwillbe65.
PreventingChildMaltreatmentChildmaltreatmentisaglobalproblemwithseriouslife-longconsequences.Therearenoreliableglobalestimatesfortheprevalenceofchildmaltreatment.Dataformanycountriesespeciallylow-and-middle-incomecountriesarelacking.Childmaltreatmentiscomplexanddifficulttostudy.Currentestimatesvarywidelydependingonthecountryandthemethodofresearchused.Nonethelessinternationalstudiesrevealthatapproximately20%ofwomenand5-10%ofmenreportbeingsexuallyabusedaschildren.While25-50%ofallchildrenreportbeingphysicallyabused.Additionallymanychildrenaresubjecttoemotionalabusesometimesreferredtoaspsychologicalabuse.Everyyearthereareanestimated31000homicidedeathsinchildrenunder15.Thisnumberunderestimatesthetrueextentoftheproblemasasignificantproportionofdeathsduetochildmaltreatmentareincorrectlyattributedtofallsbumsanddrowning.Childmaltreatmentcausessufferingtochildrenandfamiliesandcanhavelong-termconsequences.Maltreatmentcausesstressthatisassociatedwithdisruptioninearlybraindevelopment.Extremestresscanimpairthedevelopmentofthenervousandimmunesystems.Consequentlyasadultsmaltreatedchildrenareatincreasedriskforbehavioralphysicalandmentalhealthproblem.Viathebehavioralandmentalhealthconsequencesmaltreatmentcancontributetoheartdiseasecancersuicideandsexuallytransmittedinfections.Beyondthehealthconsequencesofchildmaltreatmentthereisaneconomicimpactincludingcostofhospitalizationmentalhealthtreatmentchildwelfareandlonger-termhealthcost.Anumberofriskfactorforchildmaltreatmenthavebeenidentified.Theseriskfactorsarenotpresentinallsocialandculturalcontextsbutprovideanoverviewwhenattemptingtounderstandthecausesofchildmaltreatment.Itisimportanttoemphasizethatchildrenarethevictimsandarenevertoblameformaltreatment.AnumberofcharacteristicsofanindividualchildmayincreasethelikelihoodofbeingmaltreatedsuchasbeingeitherunderfouryearsoldoranadolescentbeingunwantedorfailingtofulfilltheexpectationsofparentsandhavingspecialneedcryingpersistentlyorhavingabnormalphysicalfeaturesWhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasthebadimpactcausedbychildmaltreatment
FriendlyRelationswiththePeopleAround1Youdependonallthepeoplecloselyaroundyoutogiveyouthewarmfeelingofbelongingness归属感thatyoumusthavetofeelsecure.Butinfactthemembersofallthegroupstowhichyoubelongalsodependonyoutogivethatfeelingtothem.Apersonwhoshowsthathewantseverythingforhimselfisboundtobealonelywolf.2Theneedforcompanionshipiscloselyrelatedtotheneedforasenseofbelongingness.Howsadandlonelyyourlifewouldbeifyouhadnoonetoshareyourfeelingsandexperiences.Youmaytakeitforgrantedthattherealwayswillbepeoplearoundtotalktoandtodothingswithyouandforyou.Theimportantpointhoweveristhatkeepingemotionallyhealthydoesnotdependsomuchonhavingpeoplearoundyouasuponyourabilitytoestablishrelationshipsthataresatisfyingbothtoyouandtothem.3Supposeyouareinacrowdwatchingafootballgame.Youdon’tknowthem.Whenthegameisoveryouwillgoyourseparateways.Butjustforawhileyouhadafeelingofcompanionshipofsharingthefeelingofotherswhowerecheeringfortheteamyouwantedtowin.4AnexperienceofthiskindgivesthegluetowhatcomPanionshipreallyis.Itdependsuponemotionaltiesofsympathyunderstandingtrustandaffection.Companionshipsbecomefriendswhenthesetiesareformed.5Whenyouarethrowninanewcircleofacquaintances熟人youmaynotknowwithwhomyouwillmakefriendsbutyoucanbesurethatyouwillbeabletoestablishfriendshipsifyoushowthatyoureallylikepeople.A.CloselinkbetweencompanionshipandbelongingnessB.Howtosatisfyotherpeople’sneedsC.AnexampleofasatisfyingrelationshipD.DifficultiesinestablishingfriendshipsE.WhatcompanionshipreallyisF.MakingfriendswithnewacquaintancesParagraph3______
BeAlerttoAntimicrobialResistanceTheabilityofmicro-organismstofindwaystoevadetheactionofthedrugsusedtocuretheinfectionstheycauseisincreasinglyrecognizedasaglobalpublichealthissue.Somebacteriahavedevelopedmechanismswhichmakethemresistanttomanyoftheantibioticsnormallyusedfortheirtreatmentmulti-drugresistantbacteriasoposeparticulardifficultiesastheremaybefewornoalternativeoptionsfortherapy.Theyconstituteagrowingandglobalpublichealthproblem.WHOsuggeststhatcountriesshouldbepreparedtoimplementhospitalinfectioncontrolmeasurestolimitthespreadofmulti-drugresistantstrainsandtoreinforcenationalpolicyonprudentuseofantibioticsreducingthegenerationofantibioticresistantbacteria~AnarticlepunishedinTheLancetInfectiousDiseaseson11August2010identifiedanewgenethatenablessometypesofbacteriatobehighlyresistanttoalmostallantibiotics.ThearticlehasdrawnattentiontotheissueofAMRantimicrobialresistanceandinparticularhasraisedawarenessofinfectionscausedbymulti-drugresistantbacteria.Whilemulti-drugresistantbacteriaarenotnewandwillcontinuetoappearthisdevelopmentrequiresmonitoringandfurtherstudytounderstandtheextentandmodesoftransmissionandtodefinethemosteffectivemeasuresforcontrol.Thosecalledupontobealerttotheproblemofantimicrobialresistanceandtakeappropriateactionincludeconsumersmanagersofhospitalspatientsaswellasnationalgovernmentsthepharmaceuticalindustryandinternationalagencies.WHOstronglyrecommendsthatgovernmentsfocuscontrolandpreventioneffortsinthefollowingareaslikesurveillanceforantimicrobialresistance;rationalantibioticuseincludingeducationofhealthcareworkersandthepublicintheappropriateuseofantibiotics;introducingorenforcinglegislationrelatedtostoppingthesellingofantibioticswithoutprescription;andstrictadherencetoinfectionpreventionandcontrolmeasuresincludingtheuseofhand-washingmeasuresparticularlyinhealthcarefacilities.Successfulcontrolofmultidrug-resistantmicroorganismshasbeendocumentedinmanycountriesandtheexistingandwell-knowninfectionpreventionandcontrolmeasurescaneffectivelyreducetransmissionofmulti-drugresistantorganismsifsystematicallyimplemented.WHOwillcontinuetosupportcountriestodeveloprelevantpoliciesandtocoordinateinternationaleffortstocombatantimicrobialresistance.AntimicrobialresistancewillbethethemeofWHO’sWorldHealthDay2011.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassagetotakecautiousandproperactionabouttheAMR
Theprojectfordevelopinglocalindustrieswasevaluatedforitsusefulnessfeasibilityandeasinessofexecution.
TakingaNapDuringtheDayMedicalexpertssaymostAmericansdonotget51sleep.TheysaymoreAmericansneedtorestforashortperiodinthemiddleoftheday.Theyareadvisingpeopletosleeplightlybefore52withotheractivities.Onestudyearlierthisyearfoundthatpersonswhosleepforafewminutesduringthedaywereless53todieofdisease.Thestudyfollowedmorethan2300Greekadults54aboutsixyears.Adultwhorestedforhalfanhour55threetimesaweekhada37percentlowerriskofdyingfromheartdiseasethanthosewhodidnotnap.Studyorganizerssaidthestrongestevidencewasinworkingmen.Theysaidnapsmightimprove56bymitigatingtensioncausedbywork.SomeEuropeanandLatinAmericanbusinesseshavesupportedthe57ofnappingformanyyears.Theyurgepeopleto58workgohomeandhaveanapbeforereturning.IntheUnitedStatessomecompaniesletworkersrestbrieflyintheiroffices.Theybelievethisreducesintheiroffices.Theybelievethisreduces59andaccidentsand60increasestheamountofworkapersoncando.Sleepexpertssayitislikelythatpeoplemakemoremistakesatworkthanatothertimes.Theysaypeopleshouldnotcarryoutimportantdutieswhentheyfeel61.Andtheysaythebestthingtodoistotakeanap.Abouttwentyminutesofrestis62youneed.Expertssaythisprovidesextraenergyandcanincreaseyoureffectiveness63theendoftheday.Butexpertswarnthatanap64lastnomorethantwentytothirtyminutes.Alongernapwillputthebodyintodeepsleepandwakingupwillbe65.
FriendlyRelationswiththePeopleAround1Youdependonallthepeoplecloselyaroundyoutogiveyouthewarmfeelingofbelongingness归属感thatyoumusthavetofeelsecure.Butinfactthemembersofallthegroupstowhichyoubelongalsodependonyoutogivethatfeelingtothem.Apersonwhoshowsthathewantseverythingforhimselfisboundtobealonelywolf.2Theneedforcompanionshipiscloselyrelatedtotheneedforasenseofbelongingness.Howsadandlonelyyourlifewouldbeifyouhadnoonetoshareyourfeelingsandexperiences.Youmaytakeitforgrantedthattherealwayswillbepeoplearoundtotalktoandtodothingswithyouandforyou.Theimportantpointhoweveristhatkeepingemotionallyhealthydoesnotdependsomuchonhavingpeoplearoundyouasuponyourabilitytoestablishrelationshipsthataresatisfyingbothtoyouandtothem.3Supposeyouareinacrowdwatchingafootballgame.Youdon’tknowthem.Whenthegameisoveryouwillgoyourseparateways.Butjustforawhileyouhadafeelingofcompanionshipofsharingthefeelingofotherswhowerecheeringfortheteamyouwantedtowin.4AnexperienceofthiskindgivesthegluetowhatcomPanionshipreallyis.Itdependsuponemotionaltiesofsympathyunderstandingtrustandaffection.Companionshipsbecomefriendswhenthesetiesareformed.5Whenyouarethrowninanewcircleofacquaintances熟人youmaynotknowwithwhomyouwillmakefriendsbutyoucanbesurethatyouwillbeabletoestablishfriendshipsifyoushowthatyoureallylikepeople.A.CloselinkbetweencompanionshipandbelongingnessB.Howtosatisfyotherpeople’sneedsC.AnexampleofasatisfyingrelationshipD.DifficultiesinestablishingfriendshipsE.WhatcompanionshipreallyisF.MakingfriendswithnewacquaintancesParagraph5______
TakingaNapDuringtheDayMedicalexpertssaymostAmericansdonotget51sleep.TheysaymoreAmericansneedtorestforashortperiodinthemiddleoftheday.Theyareadvisingpeopletosleeplightlybefore52withotheractivities.Onestudyearlierthisyearfoundthatpersonswhosleepforafewminutesduringthedaywereless53todieofdisease.Thestudyfollowedmorethan2300Greekadults54aboutsixyears.Adultwhorestedforhalfanhour55threetimesaweekhada37percentlowerriskofdyingfromheartdiseasethanthosewhodidnotnap.Studyorganizerssaidthestrongestevidencewasinworkingmen.Theysaidnapsmightimprove56bymitigatingtensioncausedbywork.SomeEuropeanandLatinAmericanbusinesseshavesupportedthe57ofnappingformanyyears.Theyurgepeopleto58workgohomeandhaveanapbeforereturning.IntheUnitedStatessomecompaniesletworkersrestbrieflyintheiroffices.Theybelievethisreducesintheiroffices.Theybelievethisreduces59andaccidentsand60increasestheamountofworkapersoncando.Sleepexpertssayitislikelythatpeoplemakemoremistakesatworkthanatothertimes.Theysaypeopleshouldnotcarryoutimportantdutieswhentheyfeel61.Andtheysaythebestthingtodoistotakeanap.Abouttwentyminutesofrestis62youneed.Expertssaythisprovidesextraenergyandcanincreaseyoureffectiveness63theendoftheday.Butexpertswarnthatanap64lastnomorethantwentytothirtyminutes.Alongernapwillputthebodyintodeepsleepandwakingupwillbe65.
ModerateEarthquakeStrikesEnglandAmoderateearthquakestruckpartsofsoutheastEnglandon28April2007topplingchimneysfromhousesandrousingresidentsfromtheirbeds.SeveralthousandpeoplewereleftwithoutpowerinKentCounty.Onewomansufferedminorheadandneckinjuries.Itfeltasifthewholehousewasbeingslidacrosslikeafun-fairridesaidthewoman.TheBritishGeologicalSurveysaidthe4.3-magnitudequakestruckat8:19a.m.andwascenteredundertheEnglishChannelabout8.5milessouthofDoverandneartheentrancetotheChannelTunnel.Witnessessaidcracksappearedinwallsandchimneyscollapsedacrossthecounty.Residentssaidthetremorhadlastedforabout10to15seconds.IwaslyinginbedanditfeltasifsomeonehadjustgotupfrombednexttomesaidHendrickvanEck27ofCanterburyabout60milessoutheastofLondon.Ithenheardthesoundofcrackinganditwasgettingheavierandheavier.Itfeltasifsomeonewasattheendofmybedhoppingupanddown.TherearethousandsofmoderatequakesonthisscalearoundtheworldeachyearbuttheyarerareinBritain.TheApril28quakewasthestrongestinBritainsince2002whena4.8-magnitudequakestruckthecentralEnglandcityofBirmingham.Thecountry’sstrongestearthquaketookplaceintheNorthSeain1931measuring6.1ontheRichterscale.BritishGeologicalSurveyscientistRogerMussonsaidthequaketookplaceon28AprilinanareathathadseenseveralofthebiggestearthquakesevertostrikeBritainincludingonein1580thatcauseddamageinLondonandwasfeltinFrance.MussonpredictedthatitwasonlyamatteroftimebeforeanotherearthquakestruckthispartofEngland.HoweverpeopleshouldnotbescaredtoomushbythispredictionMussonsaidasthemodernearthquakewarningsystemofBritainshouldbeabletodetectaforthcomingquakeandannounceitseveralhoursbeforeittakesplace.Thiswouldallowtimeforpeopletoevacuateandreducedamagetotheminimum.Itwasreportedthatoneladyhadgotherheadandneckinjuredbutnotseriously.
ModerateEarthquakeStrikesEnglandAmoderateearthquakestruckpartsofsoutheastEnglandon28April2007topplingchimneysfromhousesandrousingresidentsfromtheirbeds.SeveralthousandpeoplewereleftwithoutpowerinKentCounty.Onewomansufferedminorheadandneckinjuries.Itfeltasifthewholehousewasbeingslidacrosslikeafun-fairridesaidthewoman.TheBritishGeologicalSurveysaidthe4.3-magnitudequakestruckat8:19a.m.andwascenteredundertheEnglishChannelabout8.5milessouthofDoverandneartheentrancetotheChannelTunnel.Witnessessaidcracksappearedinwallsandchimneyscollapsedacrossthecounty.Residentssaidthetremorhadlastedforabout10to15seconds.IwaslyinginbedanditfeltasifsomeonehadjustgotupfrombednexttomesaidHendrickvanEck27ofCanterburyabout60milessoutheastofLondon.Ithenheardthesoundofcrackinganditwasgettingheavierandheavier.Itfeltasifsomeonewasattheendofmybedhoppingupanddown.TherearethousandsofmoderatequakesonthisscalearoundtheworldeachyearbuttheyarerareinBritain.TheApril28quakewasthestrongestinBritainsince2002whena4.8-magnitudequakestruckthecentralEnglandcityofBirmingham.Thecountry’sstrongestearthquaketookplaceintheNorthSeain1931measuring6.1ontheRichterscale.BritishGeologicalSurveyscientistRogerMussonsaidthequaketookplaceon28AprilinanareathathadseenseveralofthebiggestearthquakesevertostrikeBritainincludingonein1580thatcauseddamageinLondonandwasfeltinFrance.MussonpredictedthatitwasonlyamatteroftimebeforeanotherearthquakestruckthispartofEngland.HoweverpeopleshouldnotbescaredtoomushbythispredictionMussonsaidasthemodernearthquakewarningsystemofBritainshouldbeabletodetectaforthcomingquakeandannounceitseveralhoursbeforeittakesplace.Thiswouldallowtimeforpeopletoevacuateandreducedamagetotheminimum.DuringtheApril28earthquakewholeEnglandwasleftwithoutpower.
A.sadandlonelyB.emotionallyhealthyC.withoutrealloveforthemD.asenseofsecurityhealthyE.alonelywolfF.withoutpityYouwillfindithardtomakefriendswithpeople______.
Hissuccessinworkhastemptedmanytotrythisnewmethod.
A.sadandlonelyB.emotionallyhealthyC.withoutrealloveforthemD.asenseofsecurityhealthyE.alonelywolfF.withoutpityThewarmfeelingsofbelongingnessmaygiveyou______.
WhatMakesMetheWeightIAmThere’snoeasyanswertothisquestion.yourgeneticmakeupthephysicaltraitsthatgetpasseddowntoyoufromyourpatentsplaysabigpartindeterminingyoursizeandweight.46.Butifyourparentsaresmallerthanaverageyoumaywanttorethinkthatprofessionalbasketballcareer!Thesamegoesforyourbodytype.HaveyoueverheardsomeonesayapersonisbigbonedIt’sawayofsayingthepersonhasalargeframeorskeleton.Bigbonesusuallyweighmorethansmallbones.47.Likeyourheightorbodytypeyourgeneshavealottosayaboutwhatyourweightwillbe.Butthat’sonlypartofthestory.Beingoverweightcanruninsomeone’sfamilybutitmaynotbebecauseoftheirgenes.48.Andeventhoughsomekidsgainweightmoreeasilythanotherswhentheyeatrightandexercisemostkidscanbeahealthyandhappyweightthat’srightforthem.It’struethewayyoulivecanchangethewayyoulook.Howmuchyouweighisabalancebetweenthecaloriesyoueatandthecaloriesyouuse.49.IfyouspendyourfreetimewatchingTVyourbodywon’tuseasmanycaloriesasitwouldifyouplayedbasketballskatedorwentforawalk.Ifyouareinbalanceyourweightwillstayrightforyouasyougrow.Butifyoueatmoreandexerciselessyoumaybecomeoverweight.50.A.That’swhyit’spossiblefortwokidswiththesameheightbutdifferentweightstobothbetherightweight.B.Ifyoueatmorecaloriesthanyourbodyneedstouseyouwillgaintoomuchweight.C.Pooreatingandexercisehabitsalsorunmfamiliesandthismaybethereasonthemembersofafamilyareoverweight.D.Howevermanyoverweightpeoplehavedifficultyreachingtheirhealthybodyweight.E.Ontheotherhandifyoueatlessandexercisemoreyoumayloseweight.F.Ifbothyourparentsaretallthereisagoodchanceyou’llbetall.
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