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The Cold Places The Arctic is a polar region. It surrounds the North Pole. Like Antarctic...
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Afteralongwalkinthesuntheywantedtodrink_____.
cold something
something cold
nothing cold
cold anything
短文还原Peopleweardifferentkindsofclothesaccordingtoth
Weknowthatmanyanimalsdonotstayinoneplace.Birdsfish
Thepotatoisaplant____inplaces____itistoocoldtogrow
grown; where
to grow; that
growing; where
grown; that
Didyouknowthatvegetablescangrowintheclimatestheyar
Potatoescangrowwellinplaces________itistoocoldtogr
when
where
which
/
Manyegg-layinganimalsmerelylaytheireggsandleave.Wi
they were warm-blooded animals living in cold places.
they were warm-blooded animals living in warm places.
they were cold-blooded animals living in cold places.
they were cold-blooded animals living in warm places.
Ilikeplaces__________it'snotcoldinwinter.
those
which
where
this
TheweatherinBeijingis________.
cold and cold
more and more cold
colder and colder
more cold and cold
Manyplacesintheworldneedmorefresh淡的water.Everycoun
Ihave_______foraboutamonth.
caught a cold
had a cold
have a cold
catch a cold
Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesi
deep
high
cold
dangerous
Howtokeephealthy?It’seasyforustocatchacoldinwinter
---____________weatheritis!---Anditiscalleddaochun
How cold
What cold
How a cold
What a cold
Safetymustcomefirst.Duringthecomingsummervacations
①③⑤
②④⑤
ThoughwintersinBritainarecoldandthereisusuallysnow
some
many
few
a few
Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesi
deep
high
cold
dangerous
Ilikeplaces__________it'snotcoldinwinter.
those
which
where
this
Weknowthatmanyanimalsdonotstayinoneplace.Birdsf
place
safety
Food
warmth
________theydidn’tstopworkingtohavearest.
Cold as was it
Cold as it was
As it was cold
It was as cold
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PaperorPlastic TakeawalkalongtheChesapeakeBayandyouarelikelytoseeplasticbagsfloatinginthewater.Theyhavemadetheir51intolocalwaterwaysandfromthereintothebaywheretheycan52wildlife.Pilesofthemshowupinlandfills垃圾填埋地andoncitystreets.Plasticbagsalsotakeanenvironmentaltoll代价inthe53ofmillionsofbarrelsofoilexpendedeveryyeartoproducethem. EnterAnnapolisandyouwillseeplasticbags54freeindepartmentstoresandsupermarkets.Alderman市议员SamShropshirehasintroducedawell-meaning55tobanretailersfromdistributingplasticshoppingbagsinMaryland’scapital.insteadretailerswouldberequiredto56bagsmadeofrecycledpaperandtosellreusablebags.ThecityofBaltimoreis57asimilarmeasure.Opponentsofthe58howeverarguethatpaperbagsareharmfultoo:Theycostmoretomakethey59moreresourcestotransportandrecyclingthemcausesmorepollutionthanrecyclingplastic.TheargumentfordeprivingAnnapolisresidents60theirplasticbagsisfarfromaccepted.Everyoneinthis61isrightaboutonething:Disposableshoppingbagsofanytypearewastefulandthebestoutcomewouldbeforcustomersto62bagsinstead.Annapolis’smayorisinvestigatinghowtohandoutfreereusableshoppingbagstocityresidentsaproposalthatcanproceed63ofwhetherotherbagsarebanned.Aless-expensivealternativewouldbetoencourageretailerstogive64tocustomersWhobringtheirownreusablebags.Andthispolicywouldbemore65ifstoresimitatedfurnituremega-retailer超大零售商.Ikeaandchargedfordisposablebagsatthecheckoutcounter.Abroadbanontheuseofplasticshoppingbagsisnottheanswer. 53
I'dverymuchliketoknowwhatyouraiminlifeis
ANewBookAlldaylongyouareaffectedbylargeforces.Genesinfluenceyourintelligenceandwillingnesstotakerisks.Socialdynamicsunconsciouslyshapeyourchoices.Instantaneousperceptionssetoffneutralreactionsinyourheadwithoutyouevenbeingawareofthem.Overthepastfewyearsscientistshavemadeaseriesofexcitingdiscoveriesabouthowthesedeeppatternsinfluencedailylife.NobodyhasdonemoretobringthesediscoveriestopublicattentionthanMalcolmGladwell.Gladwell’snewbookOutliersseemsatfirstglancetobeadescriptionofexceptionallytalentedindividuals.Butinfactit’sanotherbookaboutdeeppatterns.Exceptionallysuccessfulpeoplearenotlonepioneerswhocreatedtheirownsuccessheargues.Theyaretheluckybeneficiariesofsocialarrangements.Gladwell’snoncontroversialclaimisthatsomepeoplehavemoreopportunitiesthanothers.BillGateswasluckytogotoagreatprivateschoolwithitsowncomputeratthedawnoftheinformationrevolution.Gladwell’sbookisbeingreceivedbyreviewersasacalltoactionfortheObamaAge.Itcouldleadpolicymakerstofinallyrejectpoliciesbuiltontheassumptionthatpeoplearecoldlyrationalprofit-maximizingindividuals.Itcouldcausethemtofocusmoreonpoliciesthatfosterrelationshipssocialbondsandculturesofachievement.YetIcan’thelpbutfeelthatGladwellandotherswhosharehisemphasisarepreoccupiedwiththecoolnessofthediscoveries.They’velostsightofthepointatwhichtheinfluenceofsocialforcesendsandtheinfluenceoftheself-initiatingindividualbegins.Mostsuccessfulpeoplebeginwithtwobeliefs:thefuturecanbebetterthanthepresentandIhavethepowertomakeitso.Theywereoftenshoweredbygoodfortunesbutreliedatcrucialmomentsuponachievementsofindividualwill.Thesepeoplealsohaveanextraordinaryabilitytoconsciouslyfocustheirattention.Controlofattentionistheultimateindividualpower.Peoplewhocandothatarenotprisonersofthestimuliaroundthem.Theycanchoosefromthepatternsintheworldandlengthentheirtimehorizons.Gladwell’ssocialdeterminismoverlookstheimportanceofindividualcharacterandindividualcreativity.Anditdoesn’tfullyexplainthegenuinegreatnessofhumanity’stalents.Astheclassicalphilosophersunderstoodexamplesofindividualgreatnessinspireachievementmorereliablythananyotherformofeducation.Accordingtotheauthorthemostfundamentalindividualpoweris______.
Parentswholackthefinancetosendtheirchildrentoaprivateschoolhavetotoleratethestatesystem.
{{*HTML*}}A.milkmeatvegetablesetc.weredelivered??B.ithaspromotedthesalesofmanykindsofcommodities??C.foodscanbepreserved??D.mostkidslikeicedsoftdrinks??E.everyhousewifeneedsfood??F.thefridgeproducedwhenitisworkingBeforefridgescame?intouse?itwas?stillpossibleforpeopletohavefreshfoodsbecause______.
{{*HTML*}}A?MainResultsofRecentResearches??B?PopularDoubtabouttheNewView??C?EffectofEnvironmentonIntelligence??D?IntelligenceandAchievement??E?ImpactonSchoolEducation??F?AChangedViewofIntelligenceParagraph5______
Magaplane巨型飞机 TheBoeingCorp.andEurope’sAirbusconsortium财团arepreparingtoofferbiggerairplanestotheworld’sairlines.NowthattalksonajointprojecthavebrokendownBoeingispushingastretched拓展的versionof747andAirbusisdesigninganall-newaircraftknownastheA3XX. Seating550passengersinthebasicmodeland650inastretchedversionthe1.2millionpoundA3XXwillnotonlybethelargestairplaneintheworldbutitwillalsobeoneofthemostadvanced.Theouterwingsandthehorizontalstabilizerasbigasasmallerjet’swingwillbemadeofcarbon-fibercompositematerialsandwillbethelargestsuchstructuresonanyaircraftexcepttheB-2stealthbomber隐形轰炸机.Metalskinswillbewelded焊接togetherwithlasersremovingthousandsoffasteners. WhenastrongwindstrikestheA3XX’s260-footwingmovablecontrolsurfaceswillpreventitfromflexing扭曲likeagiantspring.Thiswillmaketheridesmootherandwillsaveweightbyreducingtheloadonthewingspars翼梁.Aflexible-skinnedflap副翼willsubtlychangethewing’scurvature曲面tomatchtheairplane’schangingweightasitburnsfueloneachjourney. TheA3XXwillcarryupto1600mealsfillingmorethan100foodandbeverage饮料carts.TomakemoreroomforpassengersAirbusplanstoputthecartsinthelowerhold;automaticconveyorsandelevatorswilldeliverthemtothetwopassengerdecks.AirlineshaveaskedAirbustolookatextrafeaturesrangingfromlower-decksleepercabinstoachildren’splayroom. Airbusplanstobuildamini-restaurantinthelowerholdofA3XX.
PushbikeDanger Lowspeedbicyclecrashescanbadlyinjure--orevenkill--childreniftheyfallontotheendsofthehandlebars车把.Soateamofengineersisredesigningittomakeitsafer. KristyArbogastabioengineerattheChildren’sHospitalofPhiladelphiainPennsylvaniabegantheprojectwithhercolleagues.Thecasestheyreviewedaboutseriousabdominal腹部的injuriesinchildreninthepast30yearsshowedthatmorethanathirdwerecausedbybicycleaccidents"Thetaskwastoidentifyhowtheinjuriesoccurredandcomeupwithsomecountermeasures"shesays. ByinterviewingthechildrenandtheirparentsArbogastandherteamwereabletoreconstructmanyoftheaccidentsandidentifiedacommoncauseforseriousinjuries.Theydiscoveredthatmostcasesoccurwhenchildrenhitanobstacleatslowspeedcausingthemtotopple摇摆over.Tomaintaintheirbalancethechildrenturnthehandlebarsthrough90degrees--buttheirmomentum冲力forcesthemintotheendofthehandlebars.Thebikethenfallsoverandtheotherendofthehandlebarshitsthegroundpushingitintotheirabdomen腹部. Thesolutionthegroupcameupwithisahandgrip握柄fittedwithaspringanddamping减速system.Thespringabsorbsupto50percentoftheforcestransmitted传递throughthehandlebarsinanimpact.Thegrouphopestocommercializethedevicewhichshouldaddonlyafewdollarstothecostofabike."Butourtaskhasbeenoneofeducationbecauseupuntilnowbicyclemanufacturerswereunawareoftheproblem"saysArbogast. Theadvantageofthenewhandgripisthat
ANewBook Alldaylongyouareaffectedbylargeforces.Genesinfluenceyourintelligenceandwillingnesstotakerisks.Socialdynamicsunconsciouslyshapeyourchoices.Instantaneousperceptionssetoffneutralreactionsinyourheadwithoutyouevenbeingawareofthem. Overthepastfewyearsscientistshavemadeaseriesofexcitingdiscoveriesabouthowthesedeeppatternsinfluencedailylife.NobodyhasdonemoretobringthesediscoveriestopublicattentionthanMalcolmGladwell. Gladwell’snewbookOutliersseemsatfirstglancetobeadescriptionofexceptionallytalentedindividuals.Butinfactit’sanotherbookaboutdeeppatterns.Exceptionallysuccessfulpeoplearenotlonepioneerswhocreatedtheirownsuccessheargues.Theyaretheluckybeneficiariesofsocialarrangements. Gladwell’snoncontroversialclaimisthatsomepeoplehavemoreopportunitiesthanothers.BillGateswasluckytogotoagreatprivateschoolwithitsowncomputeratthedawnoftheinformationrevolution. Gladwell’sbookisbeingreceivedbyreviewersasacalltoactionfortheObamaAge.Itcouldleadpolicymakerstofinallyrejectpoliciesbuiltontheassumptionthatpeoplearecoldlyrationalprofit-maximizingindividuals.Itcouldcausethemtofocusmoreonpoliciesthatfosterrelationshipssocialbondsandculturesofachievement. YetIcan’thelpbutfeelthatGladwellandotherswhosharehisemphasisarepreoccupiedwiththecoolnessofthediscoveries.They’velostsightofthepointatwhichtheinfluenceofsocialforcesendsandtheinfluenceoftheself-initiatingindividualbegins. Mostsuccessfulpeoplebeginwithtwobeliefs:thefuturecanbebetterthanthepresentandIhavethepowertomakeitso.Theywereoftenshoweredbygoodfortunesbutreliedatcrucialmomentsuponachievementsofindividualwill.Thesepeoplealsohaveanextraordinaryabilitytoconsciouslyfocustheirattention.Controlofattentionistheultimateindividualpower.Peoplewhocandothatarenotprisonersofthestimuliaroundthem.Theycanchoosefromthepatternsintheworldandlengthentheirtimehorizons. Gladwell’ssocialdeterminismoverlookstheimportanceofindividualcharacterandindividualcreativity.Anditdoesn’tfullyexplainthegenuinegreatnessofhumanity’stalents.Astheclassicalphilosophersunderstoodexamplesofindividualgreatnessinspireachievementmorereliablythananyotherformofeducation. Thispassageisprobablya.
InternationalTrade SincetheendofWorldWarIIinternationaltradehasdevelopeddramatically.Allcountriesinthemodernworldjoininworldwidetradethroughwhichvarioussortsofmerchandiseand51materialsarcexportedin52forforeigncurrencywhichmeansincomewealthfrom53andjobopportunityathomeandinthemeantimeforeigngoodsareimportedtoprovideconsumerswith54andwelcomemerchandise.Todayeconomicinterdependenceamongcountriesisso55thatnocountrycancloseitsdoorstotheoutsideworldandthemoreprosperousthenationaleconomythemoredevelopedtheforeigntrade.Economicglobalizationisnowa56intheworld. Butinthepastwhenoldandnewcolonialismruledtheworldtherewasnofreeandfairtradeatall.Powers57theBritishempiretheUnitedStatesRussiaJapandividedtheworldintotheirspheresofinfluence—theircoloniesordependencieswheretheirbusinessmen58theirmerchandiseathighpricesandbought59rawmaterialsandlaboratlowprices.60ofwealthflowedtothesepowerswhichthengrewprosperous61thecoloniesweredrivenintodestitution贫困.Thenationaleconomyofcolonieswasinnatelydefective.Theirindustriescouldnotsurvivetheoverwhelming62ofimportsfromthepowers.Theirmonotonousnationaleconomy63inproductionofoneortwoagriculturalcropsor64productsormineralstobesoldininternationalmarketforexampleorangeandsugarcaneinCubabananaandcoffeeinSouth-AmericacoalinPolandall65tosupply-demandrelationinworldmarketundercontrolofthepowers.Eventheircustomsweregovernedbyofficialsfromthepowerswhoseexportedgoodsthuscouldenterthecoloniesnearlyduty-free.Itwasafterthecollapseofcolonialistsystemallovertheworldthatfreeandfairinternationaltradeatleasttheoreticallycouldbepossible. 62
{{*HTML*}}A?MainResultsofRecentResearches??B?PopularDoubtabouttheNewView??C?EffectofEnvironmentonIntelligence??D?IntelligenceandAchievement??E?ImpactonSchoolEducation??F?AChangedViewofIntelligenceParagraph2______
They'dpaidasubstantialbribetothesurgeoninRio.
{{*HTML*}}GoalofAmericanEducation??DifferencesinAmericanschoolscomparedwiththosefoundinthemajorityofothercountrieslieinthefactthateducationherehaslongbeenintendedforeveryone—notjustforaprivilegedelite.Schoolsareexpectedtomeettheneedsofeverychildregardlessofabilityandalsotheneedsofsocietyitself.?46?Itsurprisesmanypeoplewhentheycomeheretofindhighschoolsofferingsuchcoursesastypingsewingradiorepaircomputerprogrammingordrivertrainingalongwithtraditionalacademicsubjectssuchasmathematicshistoryandlanguages.?47?TheunderlyinggoalofAmericaneducationistodevelopeverychildtotheutmostofhisorherownpossibilitiesandtogiveeachoneasenseofcivicandcommunityconsciousness.???48?Schoolsstillplayalargeroleinthecommunityespeciallyinthesmalltowns.??Theapproachtoteachingmayseemunfamiliartomanynotonlybecauseitisinformalbutalsobecausethereisnotmuchemphasisonlearningfacts.?49?Studentsspendmuchtimelearninghowtouseresourcematerialslibrariesstatisticsandcomputers.Americansbelievethatifchildrenaretaughttoreasonwellandtoresearchwelltheywillbeabletofindwhateverfactstheyneedthroughouttherestoftheirlives.?50???ThisisAmerica’sanswertothesearchingquestionthatthoughtfulparentsallovertheworldareaskingthemselvesinthefast-movingtime:Howcanonepreparetoday’schildforatomorrowthatonecanneitherpredictnorunderstand???A.Knowinghowtosolveproblemsisconsideredmoreimportantthantheaccumulationoffacts.??B.Studentschoosetheircurricula课程dependingontheirinterestsfuturegoalsandlevelofability.??C.InsteadAmericanstrytoteachtheirchildrentothinkforthemselvesandtodeveloptheirownintellectualandcreativeabilities.??D.Thismeansthatpublicschoolsoffermorethanacademicsubjects.??E.SchoolshavetraditionallyplayedanimportantroleincreatingnationalunityandAmericanizingthemillionsofimmigrantswhohavepouredintothiscountryfrommanydifferentbackgroundsandorigins.??F.EducationisanenormousandexpensivepartofAmericanlife.Itssizeismatchedbyitsvariety.
{{*HTML*}}GoalofAmericanEducation??DifferencesinAmericanschoolscomparedwiththosefoundinthemajorityofothercountrieslieinthefactthateducationherehaslongbeenintendedforeveryone—notjustforaprivilegedelite.Schoolsareexpectedtomeettheneedsofeverychildregardlessofabilityandalsotheneedsofsocietyitself.?46?Itsurprisesmanypeoplewhentheycomeheretofindhighschoolsofferingsuchcoursesastypingsewingradiorepaircomputerprogrammingordrivertrainingalongwithtraditionalacademicsubjectssuchasmathematicshistoryandlanguages.?47?TheunderlyinggoalofAmericaneducationistodevelopeverychildtotheutmostofhisorherownpossibilitiesandtogiveeachoneasenseofcivicandcommunityconsciousness.???48?Schoolsstillplayalargeroleinthecommunityespeciallyinthesmalltowns.??Theapproachtoteachingmayseemunfamiliartomanynotonlybecauseitisinformalbutalsobecausethereisnotmuchemphasisonlearningfacts.?49?Studentsspendmuchtimelearninghowtouseresourcematerialslibrariesstatisticsandcomputers.Americansbelievethatifchildrenaretaughttoreasonwellandtoresearchwelltheywillbeabletofindwhateverfactstheyneedthroughouttherestoftheirlives.?50???ThisisAmerica’sanswertothesearchingquestionthatthoughtfulparentsallovertheworldareaskingthemselvesinthefast-movingtime:Howcanonepreparetoday’schildforatomorrowthatonecanneitherpredictnorunderstand???A.Knowinghowtosolveproblemsisconsideredmoreimportantthantheaccumulationoffacts.??B.Studentschoosetheircurricula课程dependingontheirinterestsfuturegoalsandlevelofability.??C.InsteadAmericanstrytoteachtheirchildrentothinkforthemselvesandtodeveloptheirownintellectualandcreativeabilities.??D.Thismeansthatpublicschoolsoffermorethanacademicsubjects.??E.SchoolshavetraditionallyplayedanimportantroleincreatingnationalunityandAmericanizingthemillionsofimmigrantswhohavepouredintothiscountryfrommanydifferentbackgroundsandorigins.??F.EducationisanenormousandexpensivepartofAmericanlife.Itssizeismatchedbyitsvariety.
Itisnormalforateachertogetangrywiththestudentwhorepeatsthesamemistake.
Thissortofthingisboundtohappen.
PaperorPlastic TakeawalkalongtheChesapeakeBayandyouarelikelytoseeplasticbagsfloatinginthewater.Theyhavemadetheir51intolocalwaterwaysandfromthereintothebaywheretheycan52wildlife.Pilesofthemshowupinlandfills垃圾填埋地andoncitystreets.Plasticbagsalsotakeanenvironmentaltoll代价inthe53ofmillionsofbarrelsofoilexpendedeveryyeartoproducethem. EnterAnnapolisandyouwillseeplasticbags54freeindepartmentstoresandsupermarkets.Alderman市议员SamShropshirehasintroducedawell-meaning55tobanretailersfromdistributingplasticshoppingbagsinMaryland’scapital.insteadretailerswouldberequiredto56bagsmadeofrecycledpaperandtosellreusablebags.ThecityofBaltimoreis57asimilarmeasure.Opponentsofthe58howeverarguethatpaperbagsareharmfultoo:Theycostmoretomakethey59moreresourcestotransportandrecyclingthemcausesmorepollutionthanrecyclingplastic.TheargumentfordeprivingAnnapolisresidents60theirplasticbagsisfarfromaccepted.Everyoneinthis61isrightaboutonething:Disposableshoppingbagsofanytypearewastefulandthebestoutcomewouldbeforcustomersto62bagsinstead.Annapolis’smayorisinvestigatinghowtohandoutfreereusableshoppingbagstocityresidentsaproposalthatcanproceed63ofwhetherotherbagsarebanned.Aless-expensivealternativewouldbetoencourageretailerstogive64tocustomersWhobringtheirownreusablebags.Andthispolicywouldbemore65ifstoresimitatedfurnituremega-retailer超大零售商.Ikeaandchargedfordisposablebagsatthecheckoutcounter.Abroadbanontheuseofplasticshoppingbagsisnottheanswer. 55
Magaplane巨型飞机 TheBoeingCorp.andEurope’sAirbusconsortium财团arepreparingtoofferbiggerairplanestotheworld’sairlines.NowthattalksonajointprojecthavebrokendownBoeingispushingastretched拓展的versionof747andAirbusisdesigninganall-newaircraftknownastheA3XX. Seating550passengersinthebasicmodeland650inastretchedversionthe1.2millionpoundA3XXwillnotonlybethelargestairplaneintheworldbutitwillalsobeoneofthemostadvanced.Theouterwingsandthehorizontalstabilizerasbigasasmallerjet’swingwillbemadeofcarbon-fibercompositematerialsandwillbethelargestsuchstructuresonanyaircraftexcepttheB-2stealthbomber隐形轰炸机.Metalskinswillbewelded焊接togetherwithlasersremovingthousandsoffasteners. WhenastrongwindstrikestheA3XX’s260-footwingmovablecontrolsurfaceswillpreventitfromflexing扭曲likeagiantspring.Thiswillmaketheridesmootherandwillsaveweightbyreducingtheloadonthewingspars翼梁.Aflexible-skinnedflap副翼willsubtlychangethewing’scurvature曲面tomatchtheairplane’schangingweightasitburnsfueloneachjourney. TheA3XXwillcarryupto1600mealsfillingmorethan100foodandbeverage饮料carts.TomakemoreroomforpassengersAirbusplanstoputthecartsinthelowerhold;automaticconveyorsandelevatorswilldeliverthemtothetwopassengerdecks.AirlineshaveaskedAirbustolookatextrafeaturesrangingfromlower-decksleepercabinstoachildren’splayroom. A3XXwillflyfasterwhileconsuminglessoil.
TheBookofLifeSofarscientistshavenamedabout1.8millionlivingspecies特种andthat’sjustasmallpartofwhatprobablyexistsonEarth.Withsomanyplantsanimalsandothercreaturescoveringtheplanetitcanbetoughtofigureoutwhattypeofspiderismovingupyourlegorwhatkindofbirdisflyingby.Asoon-to-be-launchedWebsitemighthelp.AninternationalteamofresearchershasannouncedthecreationofaWeb-basedEncyclopedia百科全书ofLifeEoL.TheprojectaimstocatalogeveryspeciesonEarthinasingleeasy-to-usereferenceguide.Togettheencyclopediastartedthecreatorswilluseinformationfromscientificdatabases数据库thatalreadyexist.Andeventuallyinspecialsectionsofthesitenon-scientistswithspecialized专门的knowledgewillgettojoinin.Bird-watchersforexamplewillbeabletoinputwhichbirdsthey’veseenandwhere.Thetechnologyforthiskindoftoolhasonlyrecentlybecomeavailable.AstheEoLdevelopsyoumightfinditusefulforschoolprojects.Thesitewillfeaturespecialpagesforkidswhoarestudyingecosystems生态系统intheirneighborhoods.Tomakesuretheencyclopediaisaccuratescientistswillreviewmuchoftheinformationaddedtoit.Peoplewhovisitthesitewillbeabletochoosetoleaveoutpagesthathaven’tbeenreviewed.AnotherconvenientfeatureoftheEoListhatyou’llbeabletopickthelevelofdetailyouseetomatchyourinterestsageandcurrentknowledge.Ifyouwantedtolearnaboutbearsforascienceclassreportforexampleyoucouldusethenovicesettingtogetbasicinformationabouttheanimals.Ontheexpertsettingontheotherhandyoucouldgetmuchmoredetailedinformationaboutthehistoryliteratureandexplorationofbears.Itnowtakesyearsforscientiststocollectallthedatatheyneedtodescribeandanalyzespecies.ThecreatorsoftheEncyclopediaofLifehopethattheirnewtoolwillspeedthatprocess.Thewordnoviceinparagraph5couldbebestreplacedby
Intemperateregionsthegrowthringsonturtles’epidermalplatesreflectseasonalvariationsingrowth.
PushbikeDanger Lowspeedbicyclecrashescanbadlyinjure--orevenkill--childreniftheyfallontotheendsofthehandlebars车把.Soateamofengineersisredesigningittomakeitsafer. KristyArbogastabioengineerattheChildren’sHospitalofPhiladelphiainPennsylvaniabegantheprojectwithhercolleagues.Thecasestheyreviewedaboutseriousabdominal腹部的injuriesinchildreninthepast30yearsshowedthatmorethanathirdwerecausedbybicycleaccidents"Thetaskwastoidentifyhowtheinjuriesoccurredandcomeupwithsomecountermeasures"shesays. ByinterviewingthechildrenandtheirparentsArbogastandherteamwereabletoreconstructmanyoftheaccidentsandidentifiedacommoncauseforseriousinjuries.Theydiscoveredthatmostcasesoccurwhenchildrenhitanobstacleatslowspeedcausingthemtotopple摇摆over.Tomaintaintheirbalancethechildrenturnthehandlebarsthrough90degrees--buttheirmomentum冲力forcesthemintotheendofthehandlebars.Thebikethenfallsoverandtheotherendofthehandlebarshitsthegroundpushingitintotheirabdomen腹部. Thesolutionthegroupcameupwithisahandgrip握柄fittedwithaspringanddamping减速system.Thespringabsorbsupto50percentoftheforcestransmitted传递throughthehandlebarsinanimpact.Thegrouphopestocommercializethedevicewhichshouldaddonlyafewdollarstothecostofabike."Butourtaskhasbeenoneofeducationbecauseupuntilnowbicyclemanufacturerswereunawareoftheproblem"saysArbogast. Theengineersaretryingtoimprovethehandlebarsbecause
PaperorPlastic TakeawalkalongtheChesapeakeBayandyouarelikelytoseeplasticbagsfloatinginthewater.Theyhavemadetheir51intolocalwaterwaysandfromthereintothebaywheretheycan52wildlife.Pilesofthemshowupinlandfills垃圾填埋地andoncitystreets.Plasticbagsalsotakeanenvironmentaltoll代价inthe53ofmillionsofbarrelsofoilexpendedeveryyeartoproducethem. EnterAnnapolisandyouwillseeplasticbags54freeindepartmentstoresandsupermarkets.Alderman市议员SamShropshirehasintroducedawell-meaning55tobanretailersfromdistributingplasticshoppingbagsinMaryland’scapital.insteadretailerswouldberequiredto56bagsmadeofrecycledpaperandtosellreusablebags.ThecityofBaltimoreis57asimilarmeasure.Opponentsofthe58howeverarguethatpaperbagsareharmfultoo:Theycostmoretomakethey59moreresourcestotransportandrecyclingthemcausesmorepollutionthanrecyclingplastic.TheargumentfordeprivingAnnapolisresidents60theirplasticbagsisfarfromaccepted.Everyoneinthis61isrightaboutonething:Disposableshoppingbagsofanytypearewastefulandthebestoutcomewouldbeforcustomersto62bagsinstead.Annapolis’smayorisinvestigatinghowtohandoutfreereusableshoppingbagstocityresidentsaproposalthatcanproceed63ofwhetherotherbagsarebanned.Aless-expensivealternativewouldbetoencourageretailerstogive64tocustomersWhobringtheirownreusablebags.Andthispolicywouldbemore65ifstoresimitatedfurnituremega-retailer超大零售商.Ikeaandchargedfordisposablebagsatthecheckoutcounter.Abroadbanontheuseofplasticshoppingbagsisnottheanswer. 51
Hewassaidtohavebeenremovedfromthepositionofmanagerforarecentconflictwithanimportantcustomer.
ANewBookAlldaylongyouareaffectedbylargeforces.Genesinfluenceyourintelligenceandwillingnesstotakerisks.Socialdynamicsunconsciouslyshapeyourchoices.Instantaneousperceptionssetoffneutralreactionsinyourheadwithoutyouevenbeingawareofthem.Overthepastfewyearsscientistshavemadeaseriesofexcitingdiscoveriesabouthowthesedeeppatternsinfluencedailylife.NobodyhasdonemoretobringthesediscoveriestopublicattentionthanMalcolmGladwell.Gladwell’snewbookOutliersseemsatfirstglancetobeadescriptionofexceptionallytalentedindividuals.Butinfactit’sanotherbookaboutdeeppatterns.Exceptionallysuccessfulpeoplearenotlonepioneerswhocreatedtheirownsuccessheargues.Theyaretheluckybeneficiariesofsocialarrangements.Gladwell’snoncontroversialclaimisthatsomepeoplehavemoreopportunitiesthanothers.BillGateswasluckytogotoagreatprivateschoolwithitsowncomputeratthedawnoftheinformationrevolution.Gladwell’sbookisbeingreceivedbyreviewersasacalltoactionfortheObamaAge.Itcouldleadpolicymakerstofinallyrejectpoliciesbuiltontheassumptionthatpeoplearecoldlyrationalprofit-maximizingindividuals.Itcouldcausethemtofocusmoreonpoliciesthatfosterrelationshipssocialbondsandculturesofachievement.YetIcan’thelpbutfeelthatGladwellandotherswhosharehisemphasisarepreoccupiedwiththecoolnessofthediscoveries.They’velostsightofthepointatwhichtheinfluenceofsocialforcesendsandtheinfluenceoftheself-initiatingindividualbegins.Mostsuccessfulpeoplebeginwithtwobeliefs:thefuturecanbebetterthanthepresentandIhavethepowertomakeitso.Theywereoftenshoweredbygoodfortunesbutreliedatcrucialmomentsuponachievementsofindividualwill.Thesepeoplealsohaveanextraordinaryabilitytoconsciouslyfocustheirattention.Controlofattentionistheultimateindividualpower.Peoplewhocandothatarenotprisonersofthestimuliaroundthem.Theycanchoosefromthepatternsintheworldandlengthentheirtimehorizons.Gladwell’ssocialdeterminismoverlookstheimportanceofindividualcharacterandindividualcreativity.Anditdoesn’tfullyexplainthegenuinegreatnessofhumanity’stalents.Astheclassicalphilosophersunderstoodexamplesofindividualgreatnessinspireachievementmorereliablythananyotherformofeducation.AccordingtotheauthorGladwell’snewbookOutliersismainly______.
Thetraincametoanabruptstopmakinguswonderwherewewere.
TheBookofLifeSofarscientistshavenamedabout1.8millionlivingspecies特种andthat’sjustasmallpartofwhatprobablyexistsonEarth.Withsomanyplantsanimalsandothercreaturescoveringtheplanetitcanbetoughtofigureoutwhattypeofspiderismovingupyourlegorwhatkindofbirdisflyingby.Asoon-to-be-launchedWebsitemighthelp.AninternationalteamofresearchershasannouncedthecreationofaWeb-basedEncyclopedia百科全书ofLifeEoL.TheprojectaimstocatalogeveryspeciesonEarthinasingleeasy-to-usereferenceguide.Togettheencyclopediastartedthecreatorswilluseinformationfromscientificdatabases数据库thatalreadyexist.Andeventuallyinspecialsectionsofthesitenon-scientistswithspecialized专门的knowledgewillgettojoinin.Bird-watchersforexamplewillbeabletoinputwhichbirdsthey’veseenandwhere.Thetechnologyforthiskindoftoolhasonlyrecentlybecomeavailable.AstheEoLdevelopsyoumightfinditusefulforschoolprojects.Thesitewillfeaturespecialpagesforkidswhoarestudyingecosystems生态系统intheirneighborhoods.Tomakesuretheencyclopediaisaccuratescientistswillreviewmuchoftheinformationaddedtoit.Peoplewhovisitthesitewillbeabletochoosetoleaveoutpagesthathaven’tbeenreviewed.AnotherconvenientfeatureoftheEoListhatyou’llbeabletopickthelevelofdetailyouseetomatchyourinterestsageandcurrentknowledge.Ifyouwantedtolearnaboutbearsforascienceclassreportforexampleyoucouldusethenovicesettingtogetbasicinformationabouttheanimals.Ontheexpertsettingontheotherhandyoucouldgetmuchmoredetailedinformationaboutthehistoryliteratureandexplorationofbears.Itnowtakesyearsforscientiststocollectallthedatatheyneedtodescribeandanalyzespecies.ThecreatorsoftheEncyclopediaofLifehopethattheirnewtoolwillspeedthatprocess.ThegoalofthecreationoftheEoListo
{{*HTML*}}A.milkmeatvegetablesetc.weredelivered??B.ithaspromotedthesalesofmanykindsofcommodities??C.foodscanbepreserved??D.mostkidslikeicedsoftdrinks??E.everyhousewifeneedsfood??F.thefridgeproducedwhenitisworkingAnimportantcontributionmadebytheinventionofthefridgeisthat______.
PushbikeDanger Lowspeedbicyclecrashescanbadlyinjure--orevenkill--childreniftheyfallontotheendsofthehandlebars车把.Soateamofengineersisredesigningittomakeitsafer. KristyArbogastabioengineerattheChildren’sHospitalofPhiladelphiainPennsylvaniabegantheprojectwithhercolleagues.Thecasestheyreviewedaboutseriousabdominal腹部的injuriesinchildreninthepast30yearsshowedthatmorethanathirdwerecausedbybicycleaccidents"Thetaskwastoidentifyhowtheinjuriesoccurredandcomeupwithsomecountermeasures"shesays. ByinterviewingthechildrenandtheirparentsArbogastandherteamwereabletoreconstructmanyoftheaccidentsandidentifiedacommoncauseforseriousinjuries.Theydiscoveredthatmostcasesoccurwhenchildrenhitanobstacleatslowspeedcausingthemtotopple摇摆over.Tomaintaintheirbalancethechildrenturnthehandlebarsthrough90degrees--buttheirmomentum冲力forcesthemintotheendofthehandlebars.Thebikethenfallsoverandtheotherendofthehandlebarshitsthegroundpushingitintotheirabdomen腹部. Thesolutionthegroupcameupwithisahandgrip握柄fittedwithaspringanddamping减速system.Thespringabsorbsupto50percentoftheforcestransmitted传递throughthehandlebarsinanimpact.Thegrouphopestocommercializethedevicewhichshouldaddonlyafewdollarstothecostofabike."Butourtaskhasbeenoneofeducationbecauseupuntilnowbicyclemanufacturerswereunawareoftheproblem"saysArbogast. Thewordcountermeasuresinparagraph2means
InternationalTrade SincetheendofWorldWarIIinternationaltradehasdevelopeddramatically.Allcountriesinthemodernworldjoininworldwidetradethroughwhichvarioussortsofmerchandiseand51materialsarcexportedin52forforeigncurrencywhichmeansincomewealthfrom53andjobopportunityathomeandinthemeantimeforeigngoodsareimportedtoprovideconsumerswith54andwelcomemerchandise.Todayeconomicinterdependenceamongcountriesisso55thatnocountrycancloseitsdoorstotheoutsideworldandthemoreprosperousthenationaleconomythemoredevelopedtheforeigntrade.Economicglobalizationisnowa56intheworld. Butinthepastwhenoldandnewcolonialismruledtheworldtherewasnofreeandfairtradeatall.Powers57theBritishempiretheUnitedStatesRussiaJapandividedtheworldintotheirspheresofinfluence—theircoloniesordependencieswheretheirbusinessmen58theirmerchandiseathighpricesandbought59rawmaterialsandlaboratlowprices.60ofwealthflowedtothesepowerswhichthengrewprosperous61thecoloniesweredrivenintodestitution贫困.Thenationaleconomyofcolonieswasinnatelydefective.Theirindustriescouldnotsurvivetheoverwhelming62ofimportsfromthepowers.Theirmonotonousnationaleconomy63inproductionofoneortwoagriculturalcropsor64productsormineralstobesoldininternationalmarketforexampleorangeandsugarcaneinCubabananaandcoffeeinSouth-AmericacoalinPolandall65tosupply-demandrelationinworldmarketundercontrolofthepowers.Eventheircustomsweregovernedbyofficialsfromthepowerswhoseexportedgoodsthuscouldenterthecoloniesnearlyduty-free.Itwasafterthecollapseofcolonialistsystemallovertheworldthatfreeandfairinternationaltradeatleasttheoreticallycouldbepossible. 64
Magaplane巨型飞机 TheBoeingCorp.andEurope’sAirbusconsortium财团arepreparingtoofferbiggerairplanestotheworld’sairlines.NowthattalksonajointprojecthavebrokendownBoeingispushingastretched拓展的versionof747andAirbusisdesigninganall-newaircraftknownastheA3XX. Seating550passengersinthebasicmodeland650inastretchedversionthe1.2millionpoundA3XXwillnotonlybethelargestairplaneintheworldbutitwillalsobeoneofthemostadvanced.Theouterwingsandthehorizontalstabilizerasbigasasmallerjet’swingwillbemadeofcarbon-fibercompositematerialsandwillbethelargestsuchstructuresonanyaircraftexcepttheB-2stealthbomber隐形轰炸机.Metalskinswillbewelded焊接togetherwithlasersremovingthousandsoffasteners. WhenastrongwindstrikestheA3XX’s260-footwingmovablecontrolsurfaceswillpreventitfromflexing扭曲likeagiantspring.Thiswillmaketheridesmootherandwillsaveweightbyreducingtheloadonthewingspars翼梁.Aflexible-skinnedflap副翼willsubtlychangethewing’scurvature曲面tomatchtheairplane’schangingweightasitburnsfueloneachjourney. TheA3XXwillcarryupto1600mealsfillingmorethan100foodandbeverage饮料carts.TomakemoreroomforpassengersAirbusplanstoputthecartsinthelowerhold;automaticconveyorsandelevatorswilldeliverthemtothetwopassengerdecks.AirlineshaveaskedAirbustolookatextrafeaturesrangingfromlower-decksleepercabinstoachildren’splayroom. NofastenerswillbeusedinbuildingA3XXbecauseallcomponentswillbeweldedtogether.
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