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A. use B. pupil C. computer D. ruler
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Johnknows____acomputer.owuses
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安徽省芜湖七中2010届高三上学期第一次调研考试OneofthegoalsofAmericanedu
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Mr.LeonardtheprincipaloftheBedfordAcademyHighSchoolinBedford-StuyvesantBrooklynisamanofmanysolutionsmanyofthemcreativemanyofthemapparentlyalsoeffective.InNewYorkCityonlyabout50percentofstudentsmanagetograduateinfouryears.AtBedfordAcademy63percentofthestudentsqualifyforfreelunchamajorityofwhicharebeingraisedbyasinglemotherandanothersignificantnumberarebeingraisedbysomeoneotherthanaparent.Yetcloseto95percentofstudentsgraduateandactuallyeveryoneofthosegoesontocollege. Mr.Leonarddoesnotachievethoseresultsbyadmittingonlyhigh-testingstudentsintohisschool.OfthestudentsarrivingwithlowertestscoresMr.Leonardsaysthatheisnotlookingforthestudentswiththehighestgradesoreventhebestbehavior.He’slookingfortheoneswhounderstandhisbasicmissionofdisciplineandrespectandarewillingtodevotethemselvestohisregulartrainingcourse. TheBedfordAcademyHighSchoolisfamousforitsautonomy.ForMr.LeonardautonomymeansinsistingthatallenteringstudentsspendtheirSaturdaymorningsinpreparatoryclassestilesummerbeforetheyenroll.Autonomyalsomeansanautomaticweeklongsuspensionforanystudentwho"disrespectsafemale"saidMr.Leonard.ItmeansrequiringstrugglingstudentsintheweeksbeforetheRegentsexamstoattendstudyingsessionsonSaturdayfrom9a.m.until9p.m.ItmeansthemostseniorexperiencedteachersincludingMr.Leonardteachnottheschool’sacademicjewelsbutthemoststrugglingstudents. Andautonomyalsomeanstheschool’steachersadministeralmostnohomework.Insteadtheyemphasizeafter-schooltutoringwheretheteacherscankeepabettereyeonwhetherthestudentisactuallygraspingthematerial. InMr.Leonard’sschoolmostofthestudentswhodon’thavetopayforlunch
Youhavebeenbadlyinjuredinacaraccident.Itisnecessarytogiveyouabloodtransfusionbecauseyoulostagreatdealofbloodintheaccident.Howeverspecialcaremustbetakeninselectingnewbloodforyou.Ifthebloodistoodifferentfromyourownthetransfusioncouldkillyou. Therearefourbasictypesofblood;ABABandO.Asimpletestcanindicateaperson’sbloodtype.Everybodyisbornwithoneofthesefourtypesofblood.Bloodtypelikehaircolorandheightisinheritedfromparents. Becauseofsubstancescontainedineachtypethefourgroupsmustbetransfusedcarefully.BasicallyAandBcannotbemixed.AandBcannotreceiveABbutABmayreceiveAorB.Ocangivetoanyothergrouphenceitisoftencalledtheuniversaldonor.FortheoppositereasonABsometimescalledtheuniversalrecipient.Howeverbecausesomanyreactionscanoccurintransfusionspatientsusuallyreceiveonlysaltorplasmauntiltheirbloodcanbematchedasexactlyaspossibleinthebloodbankofahospital.Inthiswayitispossibletoavoidanybadreactionstothetransfusion. Thereisarelationshipbetweenyourbloodtypeandyournationality.AmongEuropeansandpeopleofEuropeanancestryabout42percenthavetypeAwhile45percenthavetypeO.TherarestistypeAB.Otherraceshavedifferentpercentages.ForexamplesomeAmericanIndiangroupshavenearly100percenttypeO. PeoplewithtypeAbloodcanreceive
Theyfoundthelecturehard
Youhavebeenbadlyinjuredinacaraccident.Itisnecessarytogiveyouabloodtransfusionbecauseyoulostagreatdealofbloodintheaccident.Howeverspecialcaremustbetakeninselectingnewbloodforyou.Ifthebloodistoodifferentfromyourownthetransfusioncouldkillyou. Therearefourbasictypesofblood;ABABandO.Asimpletestcanindicateaperson’sbloodtype.Everybodyisbornwithoneofthesefourtypesofblood.Bloodtypelikehaircolorandheightisinheritedfromparents. Becauseofsubstancescontainedineachtypethefourgroupsmustbetransfusedcarefully.BasicallyAandBcannotbemixed.AandBcannotreceiveABbutABmayreceiveAorB.Ocangivetoanyothergrouphenceitisoftencalledtheuniversaldonor.FortheoppositereasonABsometimescalledtheuniversalrecipient.Howeverbecausesomanyreactionscanoccurintransfusionspatientsusuallyreceiveonlysaltorplasmauntiltheirbloodcanbematchedasexactlyaspossibleinthebloodbankofahospital.Inthiswayitispossibletoavoidanybadreactionstothetransfusion. Thereisarelationshipbetweenyourbloodtypeandyournationality.AmongEuropeansandpeopleofEuropeanancestryabout42percenthavetypeAwhile45percenthavetypeO.TherarestistypeAB.Otherraceshavedifferentpercentages.ForexamplesomeAmericanIndiangroupshavenearly100percenttypeO. Agoodtitleforthispassageis
Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimalsincludingman. Theydonotprovideenergy21dotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyareneededfor22foodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.Therearethirteenormoreofthemandif23ismissingadeficiencydiseasebecomes24. Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements--usuallycarbonhydrogenoxygenand25nitrogen.Theyaredifferent26theirelementsarearrangeddifferentlyandeachvitamin27oneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody. 28enoughvitaminsisessentialtolifealthoughthebodyhasnonutritionalusefor29vitamins.Manypeople30believeinbeingonthe"safeside"andthustakeextravitamins.Howeverawell-balanceddietwillusuallymeetallthebody’svitaminneeds. 21
Itishightimethatsuchapracticeanendto.
Itlooksthefamilyhasgotalotofproblems
Oneofthewell-knownofAmericanwritersisSamuelClemenswhosepennameisMarkTwain.Bomin1835TwaingrewupintheMississippiRivertownofHannibalMissouri.AsdidmanyotherboysofhisdayTwaindreamedoftravelingonriverboatsandofsomedaybecomingariverboatpilot.TwainusedhismemoriesofthelifeofarivertowninhistwomostfamousbooksHuckleberryFinnandTornSawyer. AsayoungmanTwainheldmanyjobs.Hewasaprinteragoodminerandforatimehewasariverboatpilot.DuringhispilotdaysheadoptedthenameMarkTwain.Thiswasatermusedbytheboatmentomeanthatthewatermeasuredtwofathomsortwelvefeetwhichwasdeepenoughforsafepassage. FinallyTwainbecameasuccessfulwriter.HetraveledagreatdealwritingandspeakingandbecameverypopularbothintheUnitedStatesandinEurope. Twain’sstyleofwritingwassimpleanddirect.Amongthethingshewroteaboutweresuperstitious迷信的peopleandpeoplewhowereeasilyfooled.Heusedhisunusualgiftforhumortowriteaboutmanythingsofimportance. WheredidthenameMarkTwaincomefrom
Oneofthewell-knownofAmericanwritersisSamuelClemenswhosepennameisMarkTwain.Bomin1835TwaingrewupintheMississippiRivertownofHannibalMissouri.AsdidmanyotherboysofhisdayTwaindreamedoftravelingonriverboatsandofsomedaybecomingariverboatpilot.TwainusedhismemoriesofthelifeofarivertowninhistwomostfamousbooksHuckleberryFinnandTornSawyer. AsayoungmanTwainheldmanyjobs.Hewasaprinteragoodminerandforatimehewasariverboatpilot.DuringhispilotdaysheadoptedthenameMarkTwain.Thiswasatermusedbytheboatmentomeanthatthewatermeasuredtwofathomsortwelvefeetwhichwasdeepenoughforsafepassage. FinallyTwainbecameasuccessfulwriter.HetraveledagreatdealwritingandspeakingandbecameverypopularbothintheUnitedStatesandinEurope. Twain’sstyleofwritingwassimpleanddirect.Amongthethingshewroteaboutweresuperstitious迷信的peopleandpeoplewhowereeasilyfooled.Heusedhisunusualgiftforhumortowriteaboutmanythingsofimportance. Generallyspeakingthisarticleisabout
Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimalsincludingman. Theydonotprovideenergy21dotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyareneededfor22foodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.Therearethirteenormoreofthemandif23ismissingadeficiencydiseasebecomes24. Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements--usuallycarbonhydrogenoxygenand25nitrogen.Theyaredifferent26theirelementsarearrangeddifferentlyandeachvitamin27oneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody. 28enoughvitaminsisessentialtolifealthoughthebodyhasnonutritionalusefor29vitamins.Manypeople30believeinbeingonthe"safeside"andthustakeextravitamins.Howeverawell-balanceddietwillusuallymeetallthebody’svitaminneeds. 29
At9:00DickSpivak’sbanktelephonedandsaidhispaymentwaslate."Thecheckisinthepost"Dickrepliedquickly.At11:45Dickleftfora12:00meetingacrosstown.Arrivinglateheexplainedthattraffic交通hadbeenbad.ThateveningDick’sgirlfriendworeanewdress.Hehatedit."Itlooksjustgreatonyou"hesaid. Threeliesinoneday!YetDickSpivakisjustanordinaryman.Eachtimehetoldhimselfthatsometimesthetruthcausestoomanyproblems.Mostofustellmuchthesamewhiteliesharmlessuntruthsthathelptosavetrouble.HowoftendowetellwhiteliesItdependsinpartonourageeducationandevenwherewelive.AccordingtooneU.S.studywomenaremoretruthfulthanmenandhonestyincreasesaswegetolder. WhilemostpeopleuselittlewhiteliestomakelifeeasierthemajorityofAmericanscareabouthonestyinbothpublicandpersonallife.Theysaythatpeopletodayarelesshonestthantheyweretenyearsago.Althoughitisbelievedthatthingsaregettingworselyingseemstobeanage-oldhumanproblem.TheFrenchphilosopher哲学家Vauvenargeswritingintheeighteenthcenturytouchedonthetruthwhenhewrote"Allmenareborntruthfulanddieliars./ AccordingtothetextmostAmericans
Wedonotpermitintheofficesowedonotpermithimhere.
A.certain B.paint C.sail D.straight
提示Alice来看望Bill他们有一年未见Alice说她三天前才到要在此地待一个月Bill说说实在的他很想念Alice并邀请她喝咖啡Bill:Comeinplease.Alice:Thankyou.Bill:51.HowhaveyoubeenlatelyAlice:Verywell.AndyouBill:I’mwelltoo.Alice:52.Ijustdropinonyou.Bill:It’sverykindofyou.53Imissyouverymuch.Alice:SodoI.Bill:54Alice:Nothanks.I’llhaveanappointmentatfourandI’vegottogo.Bill:MustyougososoonAlice:55.I’llsurelyvisityouagain.
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Ontelevisionallovertheworldthereareprogrammesabouttheworkofthepolice.Theyarepopularbecausetheyareusuallyveryexciting.InLondonthereisatelevisionprogrammecalled"PoliceFive"--becauseitisonforfiveminutesonceaweek.AtelevisionreporterShawTaylor.talksaboutcrimesintheLondonarea.Heasksforpublichelp.ThepolicestationneedsthehelpofordinarypeoplebecausesometimesyouorIhaveinformationthatcanbeusefultothepolice. ShawTaylorshowspicturesofpaintingsjewellery珠宝andotherthingswhichthievesstoleduringtheweek.Sometimesheshowsthecarthatthethievesescapedin.Whenpeopleseemenorthingsonthetelevisionprogrammewhichtheymayremembertheycantellthepolicewheretheysawthem.Withtheirhelpthepolicemaycatchmorecriminals. Sometimesthepolicefindacarorsomemoney.ShawTaylorshowsthemontelevision.Theownerssometimesseethem.Thentheycantelephonethepoliceandsay"Thankyouverymuch--that’smine!/ ThetelevisionprogrammeiscalledPoliceFivebecauseitisabouttheworkofthepoliceand
Memoryistheabilitytokeeptrackofthingsthathavehappenedinthepast.Memoryreallyislearning.Oneneedsmemorytorideabicycle.Adogneedstorememberifitistocomewhencalled. Memoryissaidtobestoredinthebrainasa"memorytrace记忆痕".Whatmakesupthistraceisnotknown.Somescientistsbelievethatcertainchemicalsubstancesmaycarrycertainmemories.Forexampleonesubstancewhengiventoratscausesthemtofearthedark. Otherresearchintomemoryhastodowithhowthebrainworks.Psychologistsusethreemeanstofindoutbowapersonremembers.Forexamplegiveapersonagrocerylist.Letthepersonmemorizethelistthenputitaway.Themostnaturalwaytofindouthowmuchapersonremembersofthegrocerylististoaskwhatheorsheremembers.Thisiscalledthemethodofrecall.Anothermethodiscalledrecognition.Givethepersonanothergrocerylist.Askhimorhertochooseitemsonthefirstlistfromtheitemsthatareononlythesecondlist.Oftenapersonwillbeabletorecognizethingsthatheorshecannotrecall.Athirdmethodoffindinghowmuchapersonremembersiscalledrelearning.Herethepersonisaskedtoreadoverthefirstlist.Thepersonwillprobablylearnthelistthesecondtimefasterthanhedidthefirsttime.Thedifferenceinthetimeittakestorelearnthelististhoughtofasmeasureofhowmuchapersonhasremembered. Onewayofrememberingsomethingistorepeatitmanytimes.Interestisveryimportant.Boringlistsoffactsaremuchmoredifficulttorememberthansomethingthatweunderstandandareinterestedin.Motivationorwantingtodosomethingisalsoimportant.Motivationislinkedwithreward.Forexampleahungryanimalquicklylearnshowtodosomethingifthatactiongetstheanimalfood.Inhumanswantingtolearnisoftenmotivation.Thepraiseofateacherortheknowledgethatanansweriscorrectisrewarding. Wecanlearnfromthe2ndparagraphthat
Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimalsincludingman. Theydonotprovideenergy21dotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyareneededfor22foodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.Therearethirteenormoreofthemandif23ismissingadeficiencydiseasebecomes24. Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements--usuallycarbonhydrogenoxygenand25nitrogen.Theyaredifferent26theirelementsarearrangeddifferentlyandeachvitamin27oneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody. 28enoughvitaminsisessentialtolifealthoughthebodyhasnonutritionalusefor29vitamins.Manypeople30believeinbeingonthe"safeside"andthustakeextravitamins.Howeverawell-balanceddietwillusuallymeetallthebody’svitaminneeds. 23
A.pollution B.position C.question D.invention
提示Alice来看望Bill他们有一年未见Alice说她三天前才到要在此地待一个月Bill说说实在的他很想念Alice并邀请她喝咖啡Bill:Comeinplease.Alice:Thankyou.Bill:51.HowhaveyoubeenlatelyAlice:Verywell.AndyouBill:I’mwelltoo.Alice:52.Ijustdropinonyou.Bill:It’sverykindofyou.53Imissyouverymuch.Alice:SodoI.Bill:54Alice:Nothanks.I’llhaveanappointmentatfourandI’vegottogo.Bill:MustyougososoonAlice:55.I’llsurelyvisityouagain.
提示Alice来看望Bill他们有一年未见Alice说她三天前才到要在此地待一个月Bill说说实在的他很想念Alice并邀请她喝咖啡Bill:Comeinplease.Alice:Thankyou.Bill:51.HowhaveyoubeenlatelyAlice:Verywell.AndyouBill:I’mwelltoo.Alice:52.Ijustdropinonyou.Bill:It’sverykindofyou.53Imissyouverymuch.Alice:SodoI.Bill:54Alice:Nothanks.I’llhaveanappointmentatfourandI’vegottogo.Bill:MustyougososoonAlice:55.I’llsurelyvisityouagain.
Ontelevisionallovertheworldthereareprogrammesabouttheworkofthepolice.Theyarepopularbecausetheyareusuallyveryexciting.InLondonthereisatelevisionprogrammecalled"PoliceFive"--becauseitisonforfiveminutesonceaweek.AtelevisionreporterShawTaylor.talksaboutcrimesintheLondonarea.Heasksforpublichelp.ThepolicestationneedsthehelpofordinarypeoplebecausesometimesyouorIhaveinformationthatcanbeusefultothepolice. ShawTaylorshowspicturesofpaintingsjewellery珠宝andotherthingswhichthievesstoleduringtheweek.Sometimesheshowsthecarthatthethievesescapedin.Whenpeopleseemenorthingsonthetelevisionprogrammewhichtheymayremembertheycantellthepolicewheretheysawthem.Withtheirhelpthepolicemaycatchmorecriminals. Sometimesthepolicefindacarorsomemoney.ShawTaylorshowsthemontelevision.Theownerssometimesseethem.Thentheycantelephonethepoliceandsay"Thankyouverymuch--that’smine!/ Thepolicestationasksforpublichelpbecause
Memoryistheabilitytokeeptrackofthingsthathavehappenedinthepast.Memoryreallyislearning.Oneneedsmemorytorideabicycle.Adogneedstorememberifitistocomewhencalled. Memoryissaidtobestoredinthebrainasa"memorytrace记忆痕".Whatmakesupthistraceisnotknown.Somescientistsbelievethatcertainchemicalsubstancesmaycarrycertainmemories.Forexampleonesubstancewhengiventoratscausesthemtofearthedark. Otherresearchintomemoryhastodowithhowthebrainworks.Psychologistsusethreemeanstofindoutbowapersonremembers.Forexamplegiveapersonagrocerylist.Letthepersonmemorizethelistthenputitaway.Themostnaturalwaytofindouthowmuchapersonremembersofthegrocerylististoaskwhatheorsheremembers.Thisiscalledthemethodofrecall.Anothermethodiscalledrecognition.Givethepersonanothergrocerylist.Askhimorhertochooseitemsonthefirstlistfromtheitemsthatareononlythesecondlist.Oftenapersonwillbeabletorecognizethingsthatheorshecannotrecall.Athirdmethodoffindinghowmuchapersonremembersiscalledrelearning.Herethepersonisaskedtoreadoverthefirstlist.Thepersonwillprobablylearnthelistthesecondtimefasterthanhedidthefirsttime.Thedifferenceinthetimeittakestorelearnthelististhoughtofasmeasureofhowmuchapersonhasremembered. Onewayofrememberingsomethingistorepeatitmanytimes.Interestisveryimportant.Boringlistsoffactsaremuchmoredifficulttorememberthansomethingthatweunderstandandareinterestedin.Motivationorwantingtodosomethingisalsoimportant.Motivationislinkedwithreward.Forexampleahungryanimalquicklylearnshowtodosomethingifthatactiongetstheanimalfood.Inhumanswantingtolearnisoftenmotivation.Thepraiseofateacherortheknowledgethatanansweriscorrectisrewarding. Whatisconsideredasameasureofhowmuchonehasremembered
Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimalsincludingman. Theydonotprovideenergy21dotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyareneededfor22foodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.Therearethirteenormoreofthemandif23ismissingadeficiencydiseasebecomes24. Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements--usuallycarbonhydrogenoxygenand25nitrogen.Theyaredifferent26theirelementsarearrangeddifferentlyandeachvitamin27oneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody. 28enoughvitaminsisessentialtolifealthoughthebodyhasnonutritionalusefor29vitamins.Manypeople30believeinbeingonthe"safeside"andthustakeextravitamins.Howeverawell-balanceddietwillusuallymeetallthebody’svitaminneeds. 27
A.month B.moment C.money D.among
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Somepeopledonotlikeanythingtobeoutofplace;theyareneverlateforwork;theyreturntheirbooksontimetothelibrary;theyrememberpeople’sbirthdays;andtheypaytheirbillsassoonastheyarrive.Mr.Hillissuchaman. Mr.Hillworksinabankandlivesalone.Theonlyfamilyhehasisinthenexttown:hissisterlivestherewithherhusbandandhersonJack.Mr.HilldoesnotseehissisterorherfamilyfromoneyeartothenextbuthesendsthemChristmascardsandhehasnotforgottenoneofJack’sseventeenbirthdays. LastweekMr.Hillhadquiteasurprise.Hedrovehomefromthebankattheusualtimedrivingneithertooslowlynortoofast;heparkedhiscarwherehealwaysparkeditoutofthewayofothercarsandhewentinsidetomakehiseveningmeal.Justthentherewasaknockatthedoor.Heopenedthedoortofindapolicemanstandingonthedoor-step. "WhathaveIdonewrong"Mr.Hillaskedhimself."HaveIdrivenonthewrongsideoftheroadHastherebeensometroubleatthebankHaveIforgottentopayanimportantbill" "HelloUncle"saidthepoliceman"MynameisJack./ Mr.Hill
Somepeopledonotlikeanythingtobeoutofplace;theyareneverlateforwork;theyreturntheirbooksontimetothelibrary;theyrememberpeople’sbirthdays;andtheypaytheirbillsassoonastheyarrive.Mr.Hillissuchaman. Mr.Hillworksinabankandlivesalone.Theonlyfamilyhehasisinthenexttown:hissisterlivestherewithherhusbandandhersonJack.Mr.HilldoesnotseehissisterorherfamilyfromoneyeartothenextbuthesendsthemChristmascardsandhehasnotforgottenoneofJack’sseventeenbirthdays. LastweekMr.Hillhadquiteasurprise.Hedrovehomefromthebankattheusualtimedrivingneithertooslowlynortoofast;heparkedhiscarwherehealwaysparkeditoutofthewayofothercarsandhewentinsidetomakehiseveningmeal.Justthentherewasaknockatthedoor.Heopenedthedoortofindapolicemanstandingonthedoor-step. "WhathaveIdonewrong"Mr.Hillaskedhimself."HaveIdrivenonthewrongsideoftheroadHastherebeensometroubleatthebankHaveIforgottentopayanimportantbill" "HelloUncle"saidthepoliceman"MynameisJack./ Mr.Hill
Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimalsincludingman. Theydonotprovideenergy21dotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyareneededfor22foodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.Therearethirteenormoreofthemandif23ismissingadeficiencydiseasebecomes24. Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements--usuallycarbonhydrogenoxygenand25nitrogen.Theyaredifferent26theirelementsarearrangeddifferentlyandeachvitamin27oneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody. 28enoughvitaminsisessentialtolifealthoughthebodyhasnonutritionalusefor29vitamins.Manypeople30believeinbeingonthe"safeside"andthustakeextravitamins.Howeverawell-balanceddietwillusuallymeetallthebody’svitaminneeds. 25
Inthepoorestnationsoftheworldmorethanhalfofthepopulationonfarms
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