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PassageTwo Normallyastudentmustattenda certainnumberofcoursesinordertograduateandeachcoursewhichheattends givesacreditwhichmaymattertowardadegree.InmanyAmericanuniversities thetotalworkforadegreeconsistsofthirty-sixcourseseachlastingforone semester.Atypicalcourseconsistsofthreeclassesperweekforfifteenweeks; whileattendingauniversityastudentwillprobablyattendfourorfivecourses duringeachsemester.Normallyastudentwouldexpecttotakefouryears attendingtwosemesterseachyear.Itispossibletospreadtheperiodofwork forthedegreeoveralongerperiod.Itisalsopossibleforastudenttomove betweenoneuniversityandanotherduringhisdegreecoursethoughthisisnot infactdoneasaregularpractice.Foreverycoursefolloweda studentisgivenagradewhichisrecordedandtherecordisavailableforthe studenttoshowtoprospectiveemployers.Allthisimposesaconstantpressure affairs.Electionstopositionsinstudentorganizationsarousemuchenthusiasm. Theeffectivewordofmaintainingdisciplineisusuallyperformedbystudents whoadvisetheacademicauthorities.Anystudentwhoisthoughttohavebroken therulesforexamplebycheatinghastoappearbeforeastudentcourt. Withtheenormousnumbersofstudentstheoperationofthesystemdoes involveacertainamountofactivity.Astudentwhohasheldoneofthese positionsofauthorityismuchrespectedanditwillbeofbenefittoalater career.Thestudentorganizationsseemtobeeffectivein______.
PassageThree TheEnglishasaracehavethe reputationofbeingverydifferentfromallothernationalitiesincludingtheir closeneighborstheFrenchBelgiansandDutch.Itisclaimedthatlivingonan islandseparatedfromtherestofEuropehasmuchtodowithit.Whateverthe reasonsitmaybefairlystatedthattheEnglishmanhasdevelopedmanyattitudes andhabitswhichdistinguishedhimfromothernationalities. BroadlyspeakingtheEnglishmanisaquietshyreservedpersonwhois fullyrelaxedonlyamongpeopleheknowsverywell.Whenhemeetswithstrangers offoreignersheoftenseemsuneasyevenembarrassed.Youhaveonlytowitness acommutertrainanymorningoreveningtoseethetruthofthis serious-lookingbusinessesandwomensitreadingtheirnewspaperordozingina cornernoonespeaks.Infacttodosowouldseemmostusual.AnEnglishwit pretendingtobegivingadvicetooverseasvisitorsoncesuggestedon enteringarailwaycompartmentshakehandswithallthepassengers.Needlessto Sayhewasnotbeingserious.Thereisanunwrittenbutclearlyunderstoodcode ofbehaviorwhichifbrokenmakesthepersonimmediatelytheobjectof suspicion.Itisawell-knownfactthattheEnglishhavean obsessionwiththeirweatherandthatgivenhaftachancetheywilltalkabout itinlength.SomepeoplearguethatitisbecauseEnglishweatherforecastis undependableasaresultEnglishweatherisasourceofinteresttoeveryone. Thismaybeso.CertainlyEnglishmencannothavemuchfaithinthe meteorologicalexperts—theweathermen—whoafterpromisingglorioussunny weatherforthefollowingdayareoftenprovedwrongwhenananti-cycloneoras inaccurateastheweathermaninhisprediction.Thishelpstoexplainthe seeminglyoddsightofanEnglishmanleavinghomeonabrightsunnysummer morningwitharaincoatslungoveranarmandanumbrellainhishand.So variableistheweatherthatbylunchtimetherecouldbethundering. Theoverseasvisitorsmaybeexcusedforshowingsurpriseatthenumberof referencestoweatherthattheEnglishmaketoeachotherinthecourseofa singleday.Veryoftenconventionalgreetingsarereplacedbycommentsonthe weather.Nicedayisn’tBeautiful!maywellbeheardinsteadofGood morninghowareyouAlthoughtheforeignermayconsiderthisexaggeratedand comicitisworthwhilepointingoutthatitcouldbeusedtohisadvantage.If hewantstostartaconversationwithanEnglishmanorwomanbutisataloss toknowwheretobeginhewoulddowelltomentionthestateoftheweather.It isasafesubjectwhichwillencourageeventhemostreservedEnglishmento enterintoaconversation.WhydoesthecommonmaninEnglandseemtobeasaccurate—orasinaccurate—astheweathermaninhisprediction______
Directions:Pickoutappropriateexpressionsfromtheeightchoicesbelow andcompletethefollowingdialoguesbywritedownthecorresponding letter. A.I’msorryyoucan’t. B. Sureit’smypleasure.C.Welltakethingseasy. D.I’llbegladto.E.Thankyou. F.ReallyG. You’realwayswelcome. H.I’msorrytohear that.Wang:MayIcomeinBlack:Comein please.Won’tyouhaveaseatMr.WangWang:56 .CouldyousparemeafewminutesProfessorBlack Black:57.WhatcanIdoforyou Wang:IwonderifIcouldhandinmyessaynextMondaybecauseIhada badheadacheyesterday.Black:58. IsitanybetternowWang:I’mafraidnot.ButI’msureit’s nothingserious.I’llbeallrightsoon.Black:59 .Handinyouressayanytimenextweek.Wang:Thank you.Black:Mr.WangwouldyoumindtellingMr.GaothatI’d liketoseehimtomorrowmorningI’vegotsomethingtodiscusswith him.Wang:60.Good-bye professor.Black:Good-bye.
—MayI.useyourpenplease—Sure.
PassageFour Ofalltheproblemsfacingmodern astronomersperhapsthemostfascinatingoneiscanintelligentlifeexist elsewhereSincetheearthisaunimportantplanetmovingroundanunimportant staritwouldbeaprideonourparttosupposethatwearetheonly intelligentbeingsintheuniverse.Buttoobtainproofisdifficult. ThemaintroubleisthatourneighborworldsthebodiesintheSolar Systemappeartobeunsuitableforadvancedlifeforms.TheMoonmayberuled outatonce;ithashardlyanyatmosphere.Venusislittlebetter;thesurface temperatureisextremelyhighandtheatmosphereismostlycarbondioxide.Mars withaverythinatmosphereandasevereshortageofwatermaywellsupport simplethatlifeseemsnohopeoffindinganimalswhilethealternative Martiansofthestory-tellershavesincebeengivenup.Of coursethishasnotstoppedtheflowofbrightideasofcommunicatingwiththe supposedpeopleonMars.Intheearlynineteenthcenturythegreatmathematician Gausssuggestedplantingtree-patternsinpatternssothattheMartianswould seethemandreplaysuitably.FollowingupthisideatheAustrianscientist KarlLittrowproposeddiggingverywideditchesintheSaharatriangularin patternsandthenfillingthemwithpetrolorsomesubstancesothatwhenlit theditcheswouldpresentMartianobserverswithaflamingtriangularwhich wouldshowtheexistenceofintelligentminds.Evenbetterweretheplansof CharlesCrossaFrenchwriterofthe1870swhowantedtobuildalargemirror toreflectthesun’sraysandconcentratethemonthesurfaceofMarsthereby makingavastburning-glass.ByswingingthemirrorroundCrossexplainedit wouldbepracticabletowritewordsintheMartiondesertssimplybyburningthe sand.FormanyyearshebombardedtheFrenchgovernmentwithliteratureabout hisplanandwasverydisappointedwhennoofficialinterestwas shown.CharlesCrossfelt______.
Directions:Pickoutappropriateexpressionsfromtheeightchoicesbelow andcompletethefollowingdialoguesbywritedownthecorresponding letter. A.I’msorryyoucan’t. B. Sureit’smypleasure.C.Welltakethingseasy. D.I’llbegladto.E.Thankyou. F.ReallyG. You’realwayswelcome. H.I’msorrytohear that.Wang:MayIcomeinBlack:Comein please.Won’tyouhaveaseatMr.WangWang:56 .CouldyousparemeafewminutesProfessorBlack Black:57.WhatcanIdoforyou Wang:IwonderifIcouldhandinmyessaynextMondaybecauseIhada badheadacheyesterday.Black:58. IsitanybetternowWang:I’mafraidnot.ButI’msureit’s nothingserious.I’llbeallrightsoon.Black:59 .Handinyouressayanytimenextweek.Wang:Thank you.Black:Mr.WangwouldyoumindtellingMr.GaothatI’d liketoseehimtomorrowmorningI’vegotsomethingtodiscusswith him.Wang:60.Good-bye professor.Black:Good-bye.
Directions:Therearefivereadingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageis followedbyfourquestions.Foreachquestiontherearefoursuggestedanswers markedABCandD.Chooseonebestanswerandwritedownthecorresponding letter.PassageOne Itispossibletostopmostdrug addictionintheUnitedStateswithinaveryshorttime.Simplymakealldrugs availableandsellthematcost.Labeleachdrugwithaprecisedescriptionof whateffect—goodandbad—thedrugwillhaveonthetaker.Thiswillrequire heroichonesty.FortherecordIhaveoncealmosteverydrug andlikenonedisprovingthepopulartheorythattakingasinglesmokeofopium willenslavethemind.Neverthelessmanydrugsarebadforcertainpeopleto takeandtheyshouldbetoldwhyinasensibleway.Alongwith adviceandwarningitmightbegoodforourcitizenstorecallthattheUnited Stateswasthecreationmenwhobelievedthateachmanhasthefighttodowhat hewantswithhisownlifeaslongashedoesnotinterferewithhisneighbor’s pursuitofhappiness.Nowonecanhearthewarningifeveryone isallowedtotakedrugseveryonewillandthegrossnationalproductwill decreaseandweshallenduparaceoffools.Alarmingthought.Yetitseems mostlikelythatanyreasonablyhealthy-mindedpersonwillbecomeadrugaddict ifheknows’inadvancewhataddictionisgoingtobelike.Is everyonereasonablysensibleNo.Somepeoplewillalwaysbecomedrugaddicts justassomepeoplewillalwaysbecomedrunkenanditisjusttoobad.Every manhoweverhasthepowertokillhimselfifhechooses.Butsincemostmen don’ttheywon’tbethemajorityeither.Neverthelessforbiddingpeople thingstheylikeorthinktheymightenjoyonlymakesthemwantthosethingsall themore.Thispsychologicalinsightisforsomemysteriousreasondeniedby ourgovernors.Manypeoplebelievethat______.
PassageFive Therewasonethoughtthatair pollutionaffectedonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswithfactories andheavyautomobiletraffic.Atpresentwerealizethatalthoughthesearethe areaswiththeworstairpollutiontheproblemisliterallyworldwide.On severaloccasionsoverthepastdecadeaheavycloudofairpollutionhas coveredtheeastoftheUnitedStatesandbroughthealthwarningsinruralareas awayfromanymajorconcentrationofmanufacturingandautomobiletraffic.In facttheveryclimateoftheentireearthmaybeinfectedbyairpollution. Somescientistsconsiderthattheincreasingconcentrationofcarbondioxidein theairresultingfromtheburningoffossilfuelscoalandoiliscreatinga greenhouseeffect—conservingheatreflectedfromtheearthandraisingthe world’saveragetemperatureIfthisviewiscorrectandtheworld’stemperature israisedonlyafewdegreesmuchofthepolaricecapwillmeltandcities suchasNewYorkBostonMiamiandNewOrleanswillbeinwater. Anotherviewlesswidelyheldisthatincreasingparticularmatterin theatmosphereisblockingsunlightandloweringtheearth’stemperature—a resultthatwouldbeequallydisastrousAdropofjustafewdegreescould createsomethingclosetoanewiceageandwouldmakeagriculturedifficultor impossibleinmanyofourtopfarmingareas.Todaywedonotknowforsurethat eitheroftheseconditionswillhappenthoughonerecentgovernmentreport draftedbyexpertsinthefieldconcludedthatthegreenhouseeffectisvery possible.Perhapsifweareluckyenoughthetwotendencieswilloffseteach otherandtheworld’stemperaturewillstayaboutthesameasitisnow.Driven byeconomicprofitspeopleneglect.thedamageonourenvironmentcausedbythe advancedcivilization.Maybetheairpollutionisthepricethehumanbeings havetopayfortheirdevelopment.Butisitreally worthwhileThispassageisprimarilyabout______.
What______doingwhenyou______
Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefour choicesmarkedABCandD.Choosetheonethatismostsuitableandwritedown thecorrespondingletter. Methodsofstudyingvary;what works21forsomestudentsdoesn’tworkatallfor others.Theonlythingyoucandoisexperiment22you findasystemthatdoesworkforyou.Buttwothingsaresure:23 elsecandoyourstudyingforyouandunlessyoudofindasystem thatworksyouwon’talthoughcollege.Meantimethereareafewrulesthat 24foreverybody.Thehintisdon’tget25 .Theproblemofstudying26 enoughtostartwith27thefastestreadershave troubletodothat.Andifyouaxebehindinwrittenworkthatmustbe 28theteacherwhoacceptsit29latewill probablynotgiveyougoodcredit.Perhapshemaynotacceptit30 .Gettingbehindinoneclassbecauseyouarespendingsomuchtime onanotherisreallynosolution.Feelingprettyvirtuousaboutthesevenhours youspendonchemistrywon’t31onebitifthehistory teacherpopsaquiz.Andmanyfreshmendogetintotroublebyspendingtoomuch timeononeclassatthe32oftheotherseitherbecause theylikeoneclassmuchbetterorbecausetheyfinditsomuchharderthatthey thinktheyshould33alltheirtimetoit.34 thereasongoingthewholeworkforoneclassandneglectingthe restofthemisamistake.Ifyoufacethisdilemmabeginwiththeshortestand easiest35.Getthemoutofthewayandthengotothe moredifficulttimeconsumingwork.
PassageTwo Normallyastudentmustattenda certainnumberofcoursesinordertograduateandeachcoursewhichheattends givesacreditwhichmaymattertowardadegree.InmanyAmericanuniversities thetotalworkforadegreeconsistsofthirty-sixcourseseachlastingforone semester.Atypicalcourseconsistsofthreeclassesperweekforfifteenweeks; whileattendingauniversityastudentwillprobablyattendfourorfivecourses duringeachsemester.Normallyastudentwouldexpecttotakefouryears attendingtwosemesterseachyear.Itispossibletospreadtheperiodofwork forthedegreeoveralongerperiod.Itisalsopossibleforastudenttomove betweenoneuniversityandanotherduringhisdegreecoursethoughthisisnot infactdoneasaregularpractice.Foreverycoursefolloweda studentisgivenagradewhichisrecordedandtherecordisavailableforthe studenttoshowtoprospectiveemployers.Allthisimposesaconstantpressure affairs.Electionstopositionsinstudentorganizationsarousemuchenthusiasm. Theeffectivewordofmaintainingdisciplineisusuallyperformedbystudents whoadvisetheacademicauthorities.Anystudentwhoisthoughttohavebroken therulesforexamplebycheatinghastoappearbeforeastudentcourt. Withtheenormousnumbersofstudentstheoperationofthesystemdoes involveacertainamountofactivity.Astudentwhohasheldoneofthese positionsofauthorityismuchrespectedanditwillbeofbenefittoalater career.AccordingtothefirstparagraphanAmericanstudentisallowed______.
Someofthem______hereforthreedays.
Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefour choicesmarkedABCandD.Choosetheonethatismostsuitableandwritedown thecorrespondingletter. Methodsofstudyingvary;what works21forsomestudentsdoesn’tworkatallfor others.Theonlythingyoucandoisexperiment22you findasystemthatdoesworkforyou.Buttwothingsaresure:23 elsecandoyourstudyingforyouandunlessyoudofindasystem thatworksyouwon’talthoughcollege.Meantimethereareafewrulesthat 24foreverybody.Thehintisdon’tget25 .Theproblemofstudying26 enoughtostartwith27thefastestreadershave troubletodothat.Andifyouaxebehindinwrittenworkthatmustbe 28theteacherwhoacceptsit29latewill probablynotgiveyougoodcredit.Perhapshemaynotacceptit30 .Gettingbehindinoneclassbecauseyouarespendingsomuchtime onanotherisreallynosolution.Feelingprettyvirtuousaboutthesevenhours youspendonchemistrywon’t31onebitifthehistory teacherpopsaquiz.Andmanyfreshmendogetintotroublebyspendingtoomuch timeononeclassatthe32oftheotherseitherbecause theylikeoneclassmuchbetterorbecausetheyfinditsomuchharderthatthey thinktheyshould33alltheirtimetoit.34 thereasongoingthewholeworkforoneclassandneglectingthe restofthemisamistake.Ifyoufacethisdilemmabeginwiththeshortestand easiest35.Getthemoutofthewayandthengotothe moredifficulttimeconsumingwork.
Thestreetsareallday.It______duringthenight.
Theoldwoman______thebusstopsawtheaccident.
Youhavenotimeforreading______
Directions:Therearefivereadingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageis followedbyfourquestions.Foreachquestiontherearefoursuggestedanswers markedABCandD.Chooseonebestanswerandwritedownthecorresponding letter.PassageOne Itispossibletostopmostdrug addictionintheUnitedStateswithinaveryshorttime.Simplymakealldrugs availableandsellthematcost.Labeleachdrugwithaprecisedescriptionof whateffect—goodandbad—thedrugwillhaveonthetaker.Thiswillrequire heroichonesty.FortherecordIhaveoncealmosteverydrug andlikenonedisprovingthepopulartheorythattakingasinglesmokeofopium willenslavethemind.Neverthelessmanydrugsarebadforcertainpeopleto takeandtheyshouldbetoldwhyinasensibleway.Alongwith adviceandwarningitmightbegoodforourcitizenstorecallthattheUnited Stateswasthecreationmenwhobelievedthateachmanhasthefighttodowhat hewantswithhisownlifeaslongashedoesnotinterferewithhisneighbor’s pursuitofhappiness.Nowonecanhearthewarningifeveryone isallowedtotakedrugseveryonewillandthegrossnationalproductwill decreaseandweshallenduparaceoffools.Alarmingthought.Yetitseems mostlikelythatanyreasonablyhealthy-mindedpersonwillbecomeadrugaddict ifheknows’inadvancewhataddictionisgoingtobelike.Is everyonereasonablysensibleNo.Somepeoplewillalwaysbecomedrugaddicts justassomepeoplewillalwaysbecomedrunkenanditisjusttoobad.Every manhoweverhasthepowertokillhimselfifhechooses.Butsincemostmen don’ttheywon’tbethemajorityeither.Neverthelessforbiddingpeople thingstheylikeorthinktheymightenjoyonlymakesthemwantthosethingsall themore.Thispsychologicalinsightisforsomemysteriousreasondeniedby ourgovernors.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage______
Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefour choicesmarkedABCandD.Choosetheonethatismostsuitableandwritedown thecorrespondingletter. Methodsofstudyingvary;what works21forsomestudentsdoesn’tworkatallfor others.Theonlythingyoucandoisexperiment22you findasystemthatdoesworkforyou.Buttwothingsaresure:23 elsecandoyourstudyingforyouandunlessyoudofindasystem thatworksyouwon’talthoughcollege.Meantimethereareafewrulesthat 24foreverybody.Thehintisdon’tget25 .Theproblemofstudying26 enoughtostartwith27thefastestreadershave troubletodothat.Andifyouaxebehindinwrittenworkthatmustbe 28theteacherwhoacceptsit29latewill probablynotgiveyougoodcredit.Perhapshemaynotacceptit30 .Gettingbehindinoneclassbecauseyouarespendingsomuchtime onanotherisreallynosolution.Feelingprettyvirtuousaboutthesevenhours youspendonchemistrywon’t31onebitifthehistory teacherpopsaquiz.Andmanyfreshmendogetintotroublebyspendingtoomuch timeononeclassatthe32oftheotherseitherbecause theylikeoneclassmuchbetterorbecausetheyfinditsomuchharderthatthey thinktheyshould33alltheirtimetoit.34 thereasongoingthewholeworkforoneclassandneglectingthe restofthemisamistake.Ifyoufacethisdilemmabeginwiththeshortestand easiest35.Getthemoutofthewayandthengotothe moredifficulttimeconsumingwork.
Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefour choicesmarkedABCandD.Choosetheonethatismostsuitableandwritedown thecorrespondingletter. Methodsofstudyingvary;what works21forsomestudentsdoesn’tworkatallfor others.Theonlythingyoucandoisexperiment22you findasystemthatdoesworkforyou.Buttwothingsaresure:23 elsecandoyourstudyingforyouandunlessyoudofindasystem thatworksyouwon’talthoughcollege.Meantimethereareafewrulesthat 24foreverybody.Thehintisdon’tget25 .Theproblemofstudying26 enoughtostartwith27thefastestreadershave troubletodothat.Andifyouaxebehindinwrittenworkthatmustbe 28theteacherwhoacceptsit29latewill probablynotgiveyougoodcredit.Perhapshemaynotacceptit30 .Gettingbehindinoneclassbecauseyouarespendingsomuchtime onanotherisreallynosolution.Feelingprettyvirtuousaboutthesevenhours youspendonchemistrywon’t31onebitifthehistory teacherpopsaquiz.Andmanyfreshmendogetintotroublebyspendingtoomuch timeononeclassatthe32oftheotherseitherbecause theylikeoneclassmuchbetterorbecausetheyfinditsomuchharderthatthey thinktheyshould33alltheirtimetoit.34 thereasongoingthewholeworkforoneclassandneglectingthe restofthemisamistake.Ifyoufacethisdilemmabeginwiththeshortestand easiest35.Getthemoutofthewayandthengotothe moredifficulttimeconsumingwork.
Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefour choicesmarkedABCandD.Choosetheonethatismostsuitableandwritedown thecorrespondingletter. Methodsofstudyingvary;what works21forsomestudentsdoesn’tworkatallfor others.Theonlythingyoucandoisexperiment22you findasystemthatdoesworkforyou.Buttwothingsaresure:23 elsecandoyourstudyingforyouandunlessyoudofindasystem thatworksyouwon’talthoughcollege.Meantimethereareafewrulesthat 24foreverybody.Thehintisdon’tget25 .Theproblemofstudying26 enoughtostartwith27thefastestreadershave troubletodothat.Andifyouaxebehindinwrittenworkthatmustbe 28theteacherwhoacceptsit29latewill probablynotgiveyougoodcredit.Perhapshemaynotacceptit30 .Gettingbehindinoneclassbecauseyouarespendingsomuchtime onanotherisreallynosolution.Feelingprettyvirtuousaboutthesevenhours youspendonchemistrywon’t31onebitifthehistory teacherpopsaquiz.Andmanyfreshmendogetintotroublebyspendingtoomuch timeononeclassatthe32oftheotherseitherbecause theylikeoneclassmuchbetterorbecausetheyfinditsomuchharderthatthey thinktheyshould33alltheirtimetoit.34 thereasongoingthewholeworkforoneclassandneglectingthe restofthemisamistake.Ifyoufacethisdilemmabeginwiththeshortestand easiest35.Getthemoutofthewayandthengotothe moredifficulttimeconsumingwork.
PassageFour Ofalltheproblemsfacingmodern astronomersperhapsthemostfascinatingoneiscanintelligentlifeexist elsewhereSincetheearthisaunimportantplanetmovingroundanunimportant staritwouldbeaprideonourparttosupposethatwearetheonly intelligentbeingsintheuniverse.Buttoobtainproofisdifficult. ThemaintroubleisthatourneighborworldsthebodiesintheSolar Systemappeartobeunsuitableforadvancedlifeforms.TheMoonmayberuled outatonce;ithashardlyanyatmosphere.Venusislittlebetter;thesurface temperatureisextremelyhighandtheatmosphereismostlycarbondioxide.Mars withaverythinatmosphereandasevereshortageofwatermaywellsupport simplethatlifeseemsnohopeoffindinganimalswhilethealternative Martiansofthestory-tellershavesincebeengivenup.Of coursethishasnotstoppedtheflowofbrightideasofcommunicatingwiththe supposedpeopleonMars.Intheearlynineteenthcenturythegreatmathematician Gausssuggestedplantingtree-patternsinpatternssothattheMartianswould seethemandreplaysuitably.FollowingupthisideatheAustrianscientist KarlLittrowproposeddiggingverywideditchesintheSaharatriangularin patternsandthenfillingthemwithpetrolorsomesubstancesothatwhenlit theditcheswouldpresentMartianobserverswithaflamingtriangularwhich wouldshowtheexistenceofintelligentminds.Evenbetterweretheplansof CharlesCrossaFrenchwriterofthe1870swhowantedtobuildalargemirror toreflectthesun’sraysandconcentratethemonthesurfaceofMarsthereby makingavastburning-glass.ByswingingthemirrorroundCrossexplainedit wouldbepracticabletowritewordsintheMartiondesertssimplybyburningthe sand.FormanyyearshebombardedtheFrenchgovernmentwithliteratureabout hisplanandwasverydisappointedwhennoofficialinterestwas shown.ThereisunlikelyanylifeonVenusbecause______.
Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefour choicesmarkedABCandD.Choosetheonethatismostsuitableandwritedown thecorrespondingletter. Methodsofstudyingvary;what works21forsomestudentsdoesn’tworkatallfor others.Theonlythingyoucandoisexperiment22you findasystemthatdoesworkforyou.Buttwothingsaresure:23 elsecandoyourstudyingforyouandunlessyoudofindasystem thatworksyouwon’talthoughcollege.Meantimethereareafewrulesthat 24foreverybody.Thehintisdon’tget25 .Theproblemofstudying26 enoughtostartwith27thefastestreadershave troubletodothat.Andifyouaxebehindinwrittenworkthatmustbe 28theteacherwhoacceptsit29latewill probablynotgiveyougoodcredit.Perhapshemaynotacceptit30 .Gettingbehindinoneclassbecauseyouarespendingsomuchtime onanotherisreallynosolution.Feelingprettyvirtuousaboutthesevenhours youspendonchemistrywon’t31onebitifthehistory teacherpopsaquiz.Andmanyfreshmendogetintotroublebyspendingtoomuch timeononeclassatthe32oftheotherseitherbecause theylikeoneclassmuchbetterorbecausetheyfinditsomuchharderthatthey thinktheyshould33alltheirtimetoit.34 thereasongoingthewholeworkforoneclassandneglectingthe restofthemisamistake.Ifyoufacethisdilemmabeginwiththeshortestand easiest35.Getthemoutofthewayandthengotothe moredifficulttimeconsumingwork.
Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefour choicesmarkedABCandD.Choosetheonethatismostsuitableandwritedown thecorrespondingletter. Methodsofstudyingvary;what works21forsomestudentsdoesn’tworkatallfor others.Theonlythingyoucandoisexperiment22you findasystemthatdoesworkforyou.Buttwothingsaresure:23 elsecandoyourstudyingforyouandunlessyoudofindasystem thatworksyouwon’talthoughcollege.Meantimethereareafewrulesthat 24foreverybody.Thehintisdon’tget25 .Theproblemofstudying26 enoughtostartwith27thefastestreadershave troubletodothat.Andifyouaxebehindinwrittenworkthatmustbe 28theteacherwhoacceptsit29latewill probablynotgiveyougoodcredit.Perhapshemaynotacceptit30 .Gettingbehindinoneclassbecauseyouarespendingsomuchtime onanotherisreallynosolution.Feelingprettyvirtuousaboutthesevenhours youspendonchemistrywon’t31onebitifthehistory teacherpopsaquiz.Andmanyfreshmendogetintotroublebyspendingtoomuch timeononeclassatthe32oftheotherseitherbecause theylikeoneclassmuchbetterorbecausetheyfinditsomuchharderthatthey thinktheyshould33alltheirtimetoit.34 thereasongoingthewholeworkforoneclassandneglectingthe restofthemisamistake.Ifyoufacethisdilemmabeginwiththeshortestand easiest35.Getthemoutofthewayandthengotothe moredifficulttimeconsumingwork.
Itwasnouse______thatIhadnotseenhimsoIwavedtohim.
PassageThree TheEnglishasaracehavethe reputationofbeingverydifferentfromallothernationalitiesincludingtheir closeneighborstheFrenchBelgiansandDutch.Itisclaimedthatlivingonan islandseparatedfromtherestofEuropehasmuchtodowithit.Whateverthe reasonsitmaybefairlystatedthattheEnglishmanhasdevelopedmanyattitudes andhabitswhichdistinguishedhimfromothernationalities. BroadlyspeakingtheEnglishmanisaquietshyreservedpersonwhois fullyrelaxedonlyamongpeopleheknowsverywell.Whenhemeetswithstrangers offoreignersheoftenseemsuneasyevenembarrassed.Youhaveonlytowitness acommutertrainanymorningoreveningtoseethetruthofthis serious-lookingbusinessesandwomensitreadingtheirnewspaperordozingina cornernoonespeaks.Infacttodosowouldseemmostusual.AnEnglishwit pretendingtobegivingadvicetooverseasvisitorsoncesuggestedon enteringarailwaycompartmentshakehandswithallthepassengers.Needlessto Sayhewasnotbeingserious.Thereisanunwrittenbutclearlyunderstoodcode ofbehaviorwhichifbrokenmakesthepersonimmediatelytheobjectof suspicion.Itisawell-knownfactthattheEnglishhavean obsessionwiththeirweatherandthatgivenhaftachancetheywilltalkabout itinlength.SomepeoplearguethatitisbecauseEnglishweatherforecastis undependableasaresultEnglishweatherisasourceofinteresttoeveryone. Thismaybeso.CertainlyEnglishmencannothavemuchfaithinthe meteorologicalexperts—theweathermen—whoafterpromisingglorioussunny weatherforthefollowingdayareoftenprovedwrongwhenananti-cycloneoras inaccurateastheweathermaninhisprediction.Thishelpstoexplainthe seeminglyoddsightofanEnglishmanleavinghomeonabrightsunnysummer morningwitharaincoatslungoveranarmandanumbrellainhishand.So variableistheweatherthatbylunchtimetherecouldbethundering. Theoverseasvisitorsmaybeexcusedforshowingsurpriseatthenumberof referencestoweatherthattheEnglishmaketoeachotherinthecourseofa singleday.Veryoftenconventionalgreetingsarereplacedbycommentsonthe weather.Nicedayisn’tBeautiful!maywellbeheardinsteadofGood morninghowareyouAlthoughtheforeignermayconsiderthisexaggeratedand comicitisworthwhilepointingoutthatitcouldbeusedtohisadvantage.If hewantstostartaconversationwithanEnglishmanorwomanbutisataloss toknowwheretobeginhewoulddowelltomentionthestateoftheweather.It isasafesubjectwhichwillencourageeventhemostreservedEnglishmento enterintoaconversation.Inthefollowingwhichsubjectisthesafestonetostartaconversation______
PassageFive Therewasonethoughtthatair pollutionaffectedonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswithfactories andheavyautomobiletraffic.Atpresentwerealizethatalthoughthesearethe areaswiththeworstairpollutiontheproblemisliterallyworldwide.On severaloccasionsoverthepastdecadeaheavycloudofairpollutionhas coveredtheeastoftheUnitedStatesandbroughthealthwarningsinruralareas awayfromanymajorconcentrationofmanufacturingandautomobiletraffic.In facttheveryclimateoftheentireearthmaybeinfectedbyairpollution. Somescientistsconsiderthattheincreasingconcentrationofcarbondioxidein theairresultingfromtheburningoffossilfuelscoalandoiliscreatinga greenhouseeffect—conservingheatreflectedfromtheearthandraisingthe world’saveragetemperatureIfthisviewiscorrectandtheworld’stemperature israisedonlyafewdegreesmuchofthepolaricecapwillmeltandcities suchasNewYorkBostonMiamiandNewOrleanswillbeinwater. Anotherviewlesswidelyheldisthatincreasingparticularmatterin theatmosphereisblockingsunlightandloweringtheearth’stemperature—a resultthatwouldbeequallydisastrousAdropofjustafewdegreescould createsomethingclosetoanewiceageandwouldmakeagriculturedifficultor impossibleinmanyofourtopfarmingareas.Todaywedonotknowforsurethat eitheroftheseconditionswillhappenthoughonerecentgovernmentreport draftedbyexpertsinthefieldconcludedthatthegreenhouseeffectisvery possible.Perhapsifweareluckyenoughthetwotendencieswilloffseteach otherandtheworld’stemperaturewillstayaboutthesameasitisnow.Driven byeconomicprofitspeopleneglect.thedamageonourenvironmentcausedbythe advancedcivilization.Maybetheairpollutionisthepricethehumanbeings havetopayfortheirdevelopment.Butisitreally worthwhileAstothegreenhouseeffecttheauthor______.
假如你是李明由于生病住进了医院在医院里得到了刘医生对你的及时治疗与帮助目前已康复出院写一封感谢信对刘医生表示感谢信件应包括以下内容 1指出对方帮助了自己表示感谢 2展开叙述对方怎样帮助了自己 3表示希望可以做些事情来回报对方
Heleftschool______theageofsixteen.
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