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{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ? ?Bathing in the sea in England a hundred years ago was not quite the lig...
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{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ???Suchmentalfatiguecanbeas threateningasaheartattack.Recentevidenceindicatesthatsleepinessisa leadingcauseoftrafficandindustrialaccidents.Humanerrorcausesbetween 60%and900ofallworkplaceaccidentsdependingonthetypeofjobobserves biologicalpsychologistDavidDingesoftheUniversityofPennsylvania.And inadequatesleepisamajorfactorinhumanerroratleastasimportantas drugsalcoholandequipmentfailure.Otherresearchsuggeststhatsleeploss contributestoeverythingfromdrugabusetopoorgradesinschool.? ??Atypicaladultneedsabouteighthoursofshut-eyeanightto functioneffectively.BythatstandardmillionsofAmericansareforalong timesleepdeprivedtryingtogetbyonsixhoursorevenless.Inmany householdscheatingonsleephasbecomeanunconsciousandharmfulhabit.In itsmildformit’swatchingTedKoppelandgoingtobedlateandthengetting upearlytogettothegymsaysCornell’sPollak.Inextremecasespeoplestay upmostofthenightseeinghowlittlesleepwillkeepthemgoing.Theytryto compensatebyshortsleepinglateonweekendsbutthatmakesupforonlypart oftheshortfall.Overthemonthsandyearssomeresearchersbelievethe imbalancebuildsupandtheeffectsaccumulate.MostAmericansnolongerknow whatitfeelsliketobefullyalertcontendsDr.WilliamDementdirectorof StanfordUniversity’sSleepCenter.Theygothroughthedayinasortof twilightzone;theeyesmaybewideopenbutthebrainispartlyshutdown. ??SingleparentDiannaBennett43worksasanurseata correctionalfacilityinGardnerMass.Tobeabletospendtimewithherthree childrenduringthedaysheworksthenightshiftaschedulethatusually allowshernomorethanfourhoursofsleepMykidstellmeI’malwaystired shesays.AmySchwartzman35alawstudentatTulaneUniversitygetsupat9 a.m.andwhatwithclassessimulatedcourtandworkasaresearchassistant oftendoesnotgethomeuntil10p.m.That’swhenshestudiesorrelaxation. Nightsofthrowingintobedat3a.m.makeherfeelasifmybrainisn’tmoving asquicklyasquicklyasitshould.saysSchwartzmannotingthatthecircles underhereyeskeepgettingdarker.MymothertoldmeIlooklikearaccoon. Sleeplosscontributestoeverythingexcept______.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ???Suchmentalfatiguecanbeas threateningasaheartattack.Recentevidenceindicatesthatsleepinessisa leadingcauseoftrafficandindustrialaccidents.Humanerrorcausesbetween 60%and900ofallworkplaceaccidentsdependingonthetypeofjobobserves biologicalpsychologistDavidDingesoftheUniversityofPennsylvania.And inadequatesleepisamajorfactorinhumanerroratleastasimportantas drugsalcoholandequipmentfailure.Otherresearchsuggeststhatsleeploss contributestoeverythingfromdrugabusetopoorgradesinschool.? ??Atypicaladultneedsabouteighthoursofshut-eyeanightto functioneffectively.BythatstandardmillionsofAmericansareforalong timesleepdeprivedtryingtogetbyonsixhoursorevenless.Inmany householdscheatingonsleephasbecomeanunconsciousandharmfulhabit.In itsmildformit’swatchingTedKoppelandgoingtobedlateandthengetting upearlytogettothegymsaysCornell’sPollak.Inextremecasespeoplestay upmostofthenightseeinghowlittlesleepwillkeepthemgoing.Theytryto compensatebyshortsleepinglateonweekendsbutthatmakesupforonlypart oftheshortfall.Overthemonthsandyearssomeresearchersbelievethe imbalancebuildsupandtheeffectsaccumulate.MostAmericansnolongerknow whatitfeelsliketobefullyalertcontendsDr.WilliamDementdirectorof StanfordUniversity’sSleepCenter.Theygothroughthedayinasortof twilightzone;theeyesmaybewideopenbutthebrainispartlyshutdown. ??SingleparentDiannaBennett43worksasanurseata correctionalfacilityinGardnerMass.Tobeabletospendtimewithherthree childrenduringthedaysheworksthenightshiftaschedulethatusually allowshernomorethanfourhoursofsleepMykidstellmeI’malwaystired shesays.AmySchwartzman35alawstudentatTulaneUniversitygetsupat9 a.m.andwhatwithclassessimulatedcourtandworkasaresearchassistant oftendoesnotgethomeuntil10p.m.That’swhenshestudiesorrelaxation. Nightsofthrowingintobedat3a.m.makeherfeelasifmybrainisn’tmoving asquicklyasquicklyasitshould.saysSchwartzmannotingthatthecircles underhereyeskeepgettingdarker.MymothertoldmeIlooklikearaccoon. Bythispassagetheauthoristryingto______.
{{*HTML*}} ??Weallknowtherearetimesthatkids seemtocomplain{{U}}?51?{{/U}}astomachachetogetoutofchoresor goingtoschool.Don’tbesosurethatthepainthey{{U}}?52?{{/U}}is allintheirminds.We’relearningmorenowaboutacondition{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}functionalabdominalpainthatisexperiencedbymillionsofkids everyday.???LikemanyteenagersKyleBrustmakesita pointtodohishomeworkas{{U}}?54?{{/U}}ashegetshome.Unlike mostKyleoftendidhiswithaterriblestomachache.Infactthe {{U}}?55?{{/U}}oftenstartedwhilehewasatschoolbutgettinghelp therewasgettingharder.???Someofmyteacherswouldn’t letmegobecauseI’daskedsomanytimesbeforeandtheythoughtIwastrying togetoutof{{U}}?56?{{/U}}saysKyle.?? ?Kyle’smornMarilynsaysshecouldn’tblamethe{{U}}?57?{{/U}}. Afterallshe’dtakenhimtothedoctorseveraltimesherselfandeventhey couldn’tfindanything{{U}}?58?{{/U}}.???You knowyou’rerunningthetestsandnothing’scomingup.Soisitinhishead ishejustanextremelystressfulchild?It’sjustfrustrating{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}we’renotfindinganyanswerssaysMarilyn.?? ?ItturnsoutKylewassufferingfromaconditionknown{{U}}?60 ?{{/U}}functionalabdominalpainthataffectsasmanyasoneoutofevery tenkidsinthiscountry.Even?{{U}}?61?{{/U}}thecauseofthe painmaynotbeobvioustherearerealconsequences.?? ?ItreallydoeshurtandthesekidsreallydosuffersaysDr.CampoMD atNationwideChildren’sHospital.Tohelp{{U}}?62?{{/U}}Campois lookingintoanewapproach.He’sconductingclinicaltrialsofan antidepressantthatchangesthewaythebodyhandlesachemicalcalled serotonin.InapreliminarystudyDr.Campofoundthatinabouteightoutof ten{{U}}?63?{{/U}}thedrugnormallyusedtotreatemotionalpain workedtoeasethepaininthe{{U}}?64?{{/U}}.?? ?Wethinkaboutitasbeingimportantinanxietyanddepressionandthat’s allquitetruebutwhat’sreallyinterestingisthat95%ofourbody’s serotoninisinourgutsaysCampo.???Campobelieves thesekidshaveextremelysensitiveintestinesandcontrollingtheeffectsof serotoninmay{{U}}?65?{{/U}}easethepain.ItseemedtoworkforKyle whoisnowcompletelypainfreeforthefirsttimeinyears.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ???Astrictvegetarianisaperson whoneverinhislifeeatsanythingderivedfromanimals.Themainobjectionto vegetarianismonalong-termbasisisthedifficultytogettingenoughprotein thebodybuildingelementsinfood.Ifyouhaveeverbeenwithoutmeatoranimal foodsforsomedaysofweedssayforreligiousreasonsyouwillhavenoticed thatyoutendtogetphysicallyratherweak.Youaregladwhenthefastisover andyougetyourrewardofasucculentmeatmeal.Proteinsarebuiltupfrom approximatelytwentyfoodelementscalledamino-acidswhicharefoundmore abundantlyinanimalproteinthaninvegetableprotein.Thismeansyouhaveto eatagreatdealmorevegetablethananimalfoodinordertogetenoughofthese amino-acids.Agreatofthevegetablefoodgoestowasteinthisprocessand fromthephysiologicalpointofviewthereisnotmuchtobesaidinfavorof life-longvegetarianism.??Theeconomicsideofthequestion thoughmustbeconsidered.Vegetablefoodismuchcheaperthananimalfood. Howeversinceonlyasmallproportionoftaevegetableproteinisusefulfor body-buildingpurposesaconsistentvegetarianifheistogainthenecessary 70gramsofproteinadayhastoconsumeagreaterbulkoffoodthanhis digestiveorganscancomfortablydealwith.Infairnessthoughitmustbe pointedoutthatvegetariansclaimtheyneedfarlessthan70gramsofproteina day.??Whetherornotvegetarianismshouldbeadvocatedfor adultsitisdefinitelyunsatisfactoryforgrowingchildrenwhoneedmore proteinthantheycangetfromvegetablesources.Alacto-vegetariandietwhich includesmilkandmilkproductssuchascheesecanhoweverbesatisfactoryas longasenoughmilkandmilkproductsareconsumed.??Meatand cheesearethebestsourcesofusabledigestibleandnextcomemilkfishand eggs.Slowandcarefulcookingofmeatmakesitmoredigestibleandassistsin thebreakingdownoftheproteincontentbythebody.Whencookingvegetables howeverthevitaminsandinparticularthewater-solubevitaminCshouldbe lostthroughovercooking.Comparedwithvegetablefoodanimalfoodcontains______.
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ?????????{{B}}StayingActive inOldAgeKeepsPeopleMobile{{/B}}??Peopleover70whoaren’t activearemorelikelytodevelopproblemswalkingorclimbingstairswithina fewyearsaccordingtoanewstudy.??Thesefindingssuggestthat it’sveryimportanttostay______51inoldagestudyauthorDr.Marjolein VissertoldReutersHealth.??Physicalactivityinoldageisas important______52takingyourmedications药物Vissernoted.Youdonot needtojoinanexpensivefancysportsclubwithhigh-tech高科技的equipment. Yourbodywillalready______53fromregularwalking.??Visser aDutch荷兰的scholarexplainedthat______54activehelpspreventpeoplefrom becomingbreathlessduringsimpleactivitiesincreasemusclemassandstrength andmaintainthebalancepeopleneedtowalkupstairsforinstance.? ?ToinvestigatehowimportantexerciseistoolderadultsVisser’steam interviewed3075menand______55betweentheagesof70and79allofwhom saidtheyhadnoproblemswalkingone-quarterofamileorclimbing______56. Theinvestigatorsfollowedthesubjectsfor4-1/2yearsnotingwhodeveloped problems______57andclimbingstairs.??Duringthestudy34 percentofmenand47______58ofwomensaidtheybegantostrugglewith walkingandclimbingstairs.People______59wereinactiveweretwiceaslikely toreporttheseproblemsaspeoplewhosaidtheygotregularexercise.? ?Peoplewhodidn’texercisebuthadactivelifestylesappearedtobeata somewhathigherriskofdeveloping______60walkingandclimbingstairs relativetopeoplewhoexercised______61.Stillleadinganactivelifestyle appearedtoprotectpeople______62problemsbetterthanbeinggenerally inactivetheresearchersreportintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatrics 老年医学Society.??Amongpeoplewhowereinactive______63who walkedevenalittlebit-such?asbrisk轻快的walkingforalittleoveran hourperweek-wereatalower______64ofmobility可动性problems.? ?Ifyoudonotliketoexerciseoryoucannotexercise______65of serioushealthproblemsorfunctionallimitationsdotrytobeasactiveas possibleVisseradvised.
{{*HTML*}} ??Weallknowtherearetimesthatkids seemtocomplain{{U}}?51?{{/U}}astomachachetogetoutofchoresor goingtoschool.Don’tbesosurethatthepainthey{{U}}?52?{{/U}}is allintheirminds.We’relearningmorenowaboutacondition{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}functionalabdominalpainthatisexperiencedbymillionsofkids everyday.???LikemanyteenagersKyleBrustmakesita pointtodohishomeworkas{{U}}?54?{{/U}}ashegetshome.Unlike mostKyleoftendidhiswithaterriblestomachache.Infactthe {{U}}?55?{{/U}}oftenstartedwhilehewasatschoolbutgettinghelp therewasgettingharder.???Someofmyteacherswouldn’t letmegobecauseI’daskedsomanytimesbeforeandtheythoughtIwastrying togetoutof{{U}}?56?{{/U}}saysKyle.?? ?Kyle’smornMarilynsaysshecouldn’tblamethe{{U}}?57?{{/U}}. Afterallshe’dtakenhimtothedoctorseveraltimesherselfandeventhey couldn’tfindanything{{U}}?58?{{/U}}.???You knowyou’rerunningthetestsandnothing’scomingup.Soisitinhishead ishejustanextremelystressfulchild?It’sjustfrustrating{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}we’renotfindinganyanswerssaysMarilyn.?? ?ItturnsoutKylewassufferingfromaconditionknown{{U}}?60 ?{{/U}}functionalabdominalpainthataffectsasmanyasoneoutofevery tenkidsinthiscountry.Even?{{U}}?61?{{/U}}thecauseofthe painmaynotbeobvioustherearerealconsequences.?? ?ItreallydoeshurtandthesekidsreallydosuffersaysDr.CampoMD atNationwideChildren’sHospital.Tohelp{{U}}?62?{{/U}}Campois lookingintoanewapproach.He’sconductingclinicaltrialsofan antidepressantthatchangesthewaythebodyhandlesachemicalcalled serotonin.InapreliminarystudyDr.Campofoundthatinabouteightoutof ten{{U}}?63?{{/U}}thedrugnormallyusedtotreatemotionalpain workedtoeasethepaininthe{{U}}?64?{{/U}}.?? ?Wethinkaboutitasbeingimportantinanxietyanddepressionandthat’s allquitetruebutwhat’sreallyinterestingisthat95%ofourbody’s serotoninisinourgutsaysCampo.???Campobelieves thesekidshaveextremelysensitiveintestinesandcontrollingtheeffectsof serotoninmay{{U}}?65?{{/U}}easethepain.ItseemedtoworkforKyle whoisnowcompletelypainfreeforthefirsttimeinyears.
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{{*HTML*}} ???Souped-up效力增强了的enzymesthat flushpoisonsoutofcellsmoreefficientlythantheirnatural counterparts对应的人或物couldalleviatesomeoftheseveresideeffectsof chemotherapyandsoimprovethechancesofcuringcancers.?? ?Manyanticancerdrugsattacktumorcellsbecausetheydividemorerapidly thanheathycells.Butsomevitalhealthycellsalsodividefasterthanormal andthesearedestroyedaswell.Themostvitalcellscaughtinthechemical cross-firearethosemadeinthebonemarrow骨髓.Undernormalcircumstances thesematureintoplatelets血小板whicharevitalforwound-healingandwhite bloodcellsthatfightinfections.Iflevelsofthesecellsfallpatients becomedangerouslyvulnerabletoinfectionandcansuffersuchsevereinternal bleedingthattreatmenthastobestopped.Survivingcancercellscanthen re-growandreducetheeffectivenessofthetherapy.?? ?BillFehlandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofWisconsinMedicalSchool haveengineeredanenzymethatcouldmakebonemarrowcellsresistanttothe cancerdrugssohigherdosescanbegivenandsideeffectsreduced.Theideais totakehealthybonemarrowcellsfrompatientsbeforetheybeginchemotherapy thenequipthesecellswiththegenesthatmaketheenzymedrug-resistant.When returnedtothepatienttheimprovedbonemarrowcellscouldthenwithstand heavydosesofthedrugs.???Thenaturalversionofthe enzyme—calledglutathioneStransferase谷胱甘肽S转移酶—isproducedmainlyinthe liverandcatalyses催化thebreakdownofcompoundsthatmightotherwisedamage DNAincells.GSTalsoneutralizes中和thetoxicbreakdownproductsof anticancerdrugswhichmakesitsuitableforprotectingbonemarrowcells.But naturalGSTdoesnotworkefficientlyenoughtoavoidbeingswampedbyhigh dosesofdrugs.??GSTcatalysesareactionbetweenpotentially toxiccompoundsandglutathione—apeptide肽producedinalmostallcellsof thebody.TheGSTmoleculehasacavityoractivesitewherethetwo moleculesarebroughtcloseenoughtoreact.Thisneutralizesthetoxinwhich passesintothebloodtobeexcretedinthepatient’surine.?? Usingmachinesforsynthesizing结合使合成DNAFehlandhiscolleaguesmade thousandsofscrambledversionsofthepartsoftheGSTgenethatmakethe activesiteoftheenzyme.TheyinsertedthesescrambledgenesintoEscherichia coll.Byexposingthebacteriatoincreasingquantitiesoftheanticancerdrug mechlorethamine氮芥Fehlscreenedouttheonesmosttoleranttothedrug. ??Bythismethodwemadeenzymes30timesasefficientasthe naturalonesaysFehl.Inotherwordsittook30timesasmuchdrugtokill thebacteria.???Fehlhasalreadyexposedmicecarrying copiesofthedoctoredgenetoknowncarcinogens致癌物toseehowefficientthe geneisatmoppingupthetoxins.Themoreefficientitisthelessdamagethe toxinsdoandfewertumorsshouldappear.???Weanticipate asignificantreductioninthenumberofcancersinthegroupcarryingthe genesaysFehlwhoisstillanalyzingtheresults.Fehl’steamhasapplied forapatentcoveringthetechniqueandhopestodeveloptreatmentswith SystemixacompanybasedinPaloAltoCalifornia.?? ?BrianKettererwhoheadstheCancerResearchCampaign’smolecular toxicologygroupinLondonsaysFehl’sworkcouldbeimportant.Buthewarns thattheproposedstrategywouldnotprotectcellsliningthegutfrom chemotherapydrugs.ThestrategyproposedbyFehlcanprotectcellsinvariouspartsofthebodyfromchemotherapydrugs.
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ?????????{{B}}StayingActive inOldAgeKeepsPeopleMobile{{/B}}??Peopleover70whoaren’t activearemorelikelytodevelopproblemswalkingorclimbingstairswithina fewyearsaccordingtoanewstudy.??Thesefindingssuggestthat it’sveryimportanttostay______51inoldagestudyauthorDr.Marjolein VissertoldReutersHealth.??Physicalactivityinoldageisas important______52takingyourmedications药物Vissernoted.Youdonot needtojoinanexpensivefancysportsclubwithhigh-tech高科技的equipment. Yourbodywillalready______53fromregularwalking.??Visser aDutch荷兰的scholarexplainedthat______54activehelpspreventpeoplefrom becomingbreathlessduringsimpleactivitiesincreasemusclemassandstrength andmaintainthebalancepeopleneedtowalkupstairsforinstance.? ?ToinvestigatehowimportantexerciseistoolderadultsVisser’steam interviewed3075menand______55betweentheagesof70and79allofwhom saidtheyhadnoproblemswalkingone-quarterofamileorclimbing______56. Theinvestigatorsfollowedthesubjectsfor4-1/2yearsnotingwhodeveloped problems______57andclimbingstairs.??Duringthestudy34 percentofmenand47______58ofwomensaidtheybegantostrugglewith walkingandclimbingstairs.People______59wereinactiveweretwiceaslikely toreporttheseproblemsaspeoplewhosaidtheygotregularexercise.? ?Peoplewhodidn’texercisebuthadactivelifestylesappearedtobeata somewhathigherriskofdeveloping______60walkingandclimbingstairs relativetopeoplewhoexercised______61.Stillleadinganactivelifestyle appearedtoprotectpeople______62problemsbetterthanbeinggenerally inactivetheresearchersreportintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatrics 老年医学Society.??Amongpeoplewhowereinactive______63who walkedevenalittlebit-such?asbrisk轻快的walkingforalittleoveran hourperweek-wereatalower______64ofmobility可动性problems.? ?Ifyoudonotliketoexerciseoryoucannotexercise______65of serioushealthproblemsorfunctionallimitationsdotrytobeasactiveas possibleVisseradvised.
{{*HTML*}} ??Cancerisadiseaseinwhichcells multiplywithoutcontroldestroyhealthytissueandendangerlife.About100 kindsofcancerattackhumanbeings.Thediseaseisaleadingcauseofdeathin manycountries.IntheUnitedStatesandCanadaonlydiseasesoftheheartand bloodvesselskillmorepeople.Canceroccursinmostspeciesofanimalsandin manykindsofplantsaswellasinhumanbeings.??2.? ?Cancerstrikespeopleofallagesbutespeciallymiddle-agedpersonsand theelderly.Itoccursaboutequallyamongpeopleofbothsexes.Thediseasecan attackanypartofthebodyandmayspreadtootherparts.Howevertheparts mostoftenaffectedaretheskinthedigestiveorgansthelungsthemale prostateandthefemalebreasts.??3.??Scientistsdo notknowexactlywhycancerdevelops.Mostexpertsagreethatpeopledevelop cancermainlythroughrepeatedorprolongedcontactwithoneormore cancer-causingagentscalledcarcinogens.Theseagentsincludethetarsin tobaccosmokeavarietyofotherchemicalsandcertainkindsofradiation.In manycasescancercanbepreventedifaknownagentisavoidedoreliminated. Theeliminationofcigarettesmokingforexamplewouldpreventmostcasesof lungcancerandaboutathirdofallcasesofcancer.Scientistsalsobelieve thatsomepeoplemayinheritatendencytodevelopcancer.??4. ??Withoutpropertreatmentmostkindsofcancerarefatal.Onlya doctorcandiagnosecancer.Butinmanycasesadoctorisconsultedonlyafter thediseaseisfaradvanced.Apersonshouldthereforebealerttoanyphysical changethatmaybeasymptomofcancer.Earlydetectiongreatlyincreasesthe chancesofacure.??5.??Cancershowsnosymptomsin itsbeginningstages.Butsymptomsmayappearbeforethediseasespreads.The AmericanCancerSocietylistssevensuchwarningsignals.Theyare:1Change inbowelorbladderhabits;2Asorethatdoesnotheal;3Unusualbleeding ordischarge;4Thickeningorlumpinbreastorelsewhere;5Indigestionor difficultyinswallowing;6Obviouschangeinwartormole;7Naggingcough orhoarseness.Apersonwhohasanyofthesesymptomslongerthantwoweeks shouldconsultaphysicianpromptly.Earlydetectionofcancerincreases______.
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{{U}}Subterranean{{/U}}streamshavecutthroughlimestonetoformmilesofpassagesandcavessuchasKentucky'sMammothCave.
{{*HTML*}} ??Cancerisadiseaseinwhichcells multiplywithoutcontroldestroyhealthytissueandendangerlife.About100 kindsofcancerattackhumanbeings.Thediseaseisaleadingcauseofdeathin manycountries.IntheUnitedStatesandCanadaonlydiseasesoftheheartand bloodvesselskillmorepeople.Canceroccursinmostspeciesofanimalsandin manykindsofplantsaswellasinhumanbeings.??2.? ?Cancerstrikespeopleofallagesbutespeciallymiddle-agedpersonsand theelderly.Itoccursaboutequallyamongpeopleofbothsexes.Thediseasecan attackanypartofthebodyandmayspreadtootherparts.Howevertheparts mostoftenaffectedaretheskinthedigestiveorgansthelungsthemale prostateandthefemalebreasts.??3.??Scientistsdo notknowexactlywhycancerdevelops.Mostexpertsagreethatpeopledevelop cancermainlythroughrepeatedorprolongedcontactwithoneormore cancer-causingagentscalledcarcinogens.Theseagentsincludethetarsin tobaccosmokeavarietyofotherchemicalsandcertainkindsofradiation.In manycasescancercanbepreventedifaknownagentisavoidedoreliminated. Theeliminationofcigarettesmokingforexamplewouldpreventmostcasesof lungcancerandaboutathirdofallcasesofcancer.Scientistsalsobelieve thatsomepeoplemayinheritatendencytodevelopcancer.??4. ??Withoutpropertreatmentmostkindsofcancerarefatal.Onlya doctorcandiagnosecancer.Butinmanycasesadoctorisconsultedonlyafter thediseaseisfaradvanced.Apersonshouldthereforebealerttoanyphysical changethatmaybeasymptomofcancer.Earlydetectiongreatlyincreasesthe chancesofacure.??5.??Cancershowsnosymptomsin itsbeginningstages.Butsymptomsmayappearbeforethediseasespreads.The AmericanCancerSocietylistssevensuchwarningsignals.Theyare:1Change inbowelorbladderhabits;2Asorethatdoesnotheal;3Unusualbleeding ordischarge;4Thickeningorlumpinbreastorelsewhere;5Indigestionor difficultyinswallowing;6Obviouschangeinwartormole;7Naggingcough orhoarseness.Apersonwhohasanyofthesesymptomslongerthantwoweeks shouldconsultaphysicianpromptly.Paragraph5.______.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ???Coronaryheartdisease冠心病isa termusedtodescribeconditionslikeangina心绞痛orheartattack.Manypeople sufferfromheartdisease.???Ifyouhavehadaheart attackorsufferfromanginaitisveryimportantthatyoutakepositiveaction nowinordertokeepyourheartashealthyaspossible.Thisarticleoutlines stepsyoucantakeinordertohelpachievethis.???A numberoffactorshavebeenknowntoincreasetheriskofyourcoronaryheart disease.Thereareoftenreferredtoasriskfactors.Butsomeofthese factorscanbechangedormodifiedtohelpimproveyourcondition.These include:highMoodcholesterol胆固醇highbloodpressuresmokingpoordiet lackofexercisehighalcoholintakeobesitydiabetesandstress.? ??Highbloodcholesterolhasbeenshowntobeoneofthemost importantriskfactorsyetonlyabouthalfofcoronaryheart-diseasepatients havehadtheirbloodcholesterolchecked.???Whenblood cholesterolishighitbuildsupinthewallsofthearteriesbloodvessels causingthemtonarrow.Thenarrowingcanthenbegintorestrictthebloodflow totheheart.Undertheseconditionspatientswilloftenexperiencechestpain ortightnessknownasangina.??Insomecasesnarrowingofthe arteriesthatsupplybloodtotheheartcanbecomesoseverethatitblocksthe artery.Moreusuallyhoweverapartialblockagetriggersabloodclotcausing aheartattackwhichcancausepermanentdamagetopartoftheheartmuscle. ??Toreducethebuildupofcholesterolinthearterywallsand soreducetheriskofaheartattackcholesterolloweringhasbecomean essentialpartoftreatmentforpeoplewithcoronaryheartdisease.? ?Reductionsinbloodcholesterolhavebeenshowntoprovidemajorbenefits forpatientswhohaveanginaorhavehadaheartattacksuchasreducingthe riskofanotherheartattackoccurringandimprovingsurvival.?? ?Yourcholesterolshouldbecheckedregularlyandmodifiedifnecessary alongwithalltheotherfactors.Thiswillhelptoensurethatyouminimisethe riskofsufferingfutureheartproblemslikeanotherheartattack.? ?Itisbetterforyourheartifalltheriskfactorsarereducedbya littleratherthanconcentratingononeandignoringtheothers.? ?Changesinlifestylecanoftenhelptoreducetheseriskfactors.These includestop-pingsmokingorcuttingdownthenumberofcigarettesyousmokea healthierdietandahealthybodyweightregularexerciseandnotdrinking morethantherecommendedamountofalcohol.Ahealthierdietshouldconsistof reducingtheamountofsaturatedfat饱和脂肪youeatandbalancingthiswithan intakeofnon-andpoly-unsaturatedfatsandincreasedconsumption单链和多链不饱和脂肪 ofcerealfoodsvegetablesandfruit.???Sometimeschanges inlifestylearenotenoughtoreducefactorslikecholesterolorbloodpressure sufficientlyandsodrugsmaybeprescribed.Thesedrugsshouldalwaysbe combinedwithchangesinlifestyle.Whichisthemostimportantriskfactor?
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{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ?????????{{B}}StayingActive inOldAgeKeepsPeopleMobile{{/B}}??Peopleover70whoaren’t activearemorelikelytodevelopproblemswalkingorclimbingstairswithina fewyearsaccordingtoanewstudy.??Thesefindingssuggestthat it’sveryimportanttostay______51inoldagestudyauthorDr.Marjolein VissertoldReutersHealth.??Physicalactivityinoldageisas important______52takingyourmedications药物Vissernoted.Youdonot needtojoinanexpensivefancysportsclubwithhigh-tech高科技的equipment. Yourbodywillalready______53fromregularwalking.??Visser aDutch荷兰的scholarexplainedthat______54activehelpspreventpeoplefrom becomingbreathlessduringsimpleactivitiesincreasemusclemassandstrength andmaintainthebalancepeopleneedtowalkupstairsforinstance.? ?ToinvestigatehowimportantexerciseistoolderadultsVisser’steam interviewed3075menand______55betweentheagesof70and79allofwhom saidtheyhadnoproblemswalkingone-quarterofamileorclimbing______56. Theinvestigatorsfollowedthesubjectsfor4-1/2yearsnotingwhodeveloped problems______57andclimbingstairs.??Duringthestudy34 percentofmenand47______58ofwomensaidtheybegantostrugglewith walkingandclimbingstairs.People______59wereinactiveweretwiceaslikely toreporttheseproblemsaspeoplewhosaidtheygotregularexercise.? ?Peoplewhodidn’texercisebuthadactivelifestylesappearedtobeata somewhathigherriskofdeveloping______60walkingandclimbingstairs relativetopeoplewhoexercised______61.Stillleadinganactivelifestyle appearedtoprotectpeople______62problemsbetterthanbeinggenerally inactivetheresearchersreportintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatrics 老年医学Society.??Amongpeoplewhowereinactive______63who walkedevenalittlebit-such?asbrisk轻快的walkingforalittleoveran hourperweek-wereatalower______64ofmobility可动性problems.? ?Ifyoudonotliketoexerciseoryoucannotexercise______65of serioushealthproblemsorfunctionallimitationsdotrytobeasactiveas possibleVisseradvised.
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ?????????{{B}}StayingActive inOldAgeKeepsPeopleMobile{{/B}}??Peopleover70whoaren’t activearemorelikelytodevelopproblemswalkingorclimbingstairswithina fewyearsaccordingtoanewstudy.??Thesefindingssuggestthat it’sveryimportanttostay______51inoldagestudyauthorDr.Marjolein VissertoldReutersHealth.??Physicalactivityinoldageisas important______52takingyourmedications药物Vissernoted.Youdonot needtojoinanexpensivefancysportsclubwithhigh-tech高科技的equipment. Yourbodywillalready______53fromregularwalking.??Visser aDutch荷兰的scholarexplainedthat______54activehelpspreventpeoplefrom becomingbreathlessduringsimpleactivitiesincreasemusclemassandstrength andmaintainthebalancepeopleneedtowalkupstairsforinstance.? ?ToinvestigatehowimportantexerciseistoolderadultsVisser’steam interviewed3075menand______55betweentheagesof70and79allofwhom saidtheyhadnoproblemswalkingone-quarterofamileorclimbing______56. Theinvestigatorsfollowedthesubjectsfor4-1/2yearsnotingwhodeveloped problems______57andclimbingstairs.??Duringthestudy34 percentofmenand47______58ofwomensaidtheybegantostrugglewith walkingandclimbingstairs.People______59wereinactiveweretwiceaslikely toreporttheseproblemsaspeoplewhosaidtheygotregularexercise.? ?Peoplewhodidn’texercisebuthadactivelifestylesappearedtobeata somewhathigherriskofdeveloping______60walkingandclimbingstairs relativetopeoplewhoexercised______61.Stillleadinganactivelifestyle appearedtoprotectpeople______62problemsbetterthanbeinggenerally inactivetheresearchersreportintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatrics 老年医学Society.??Amongpeoplewhowereinactive______63who walkedevenalittlebit-such?asbrisk轻快的walkingforalittleoveran hourperweek-wereatalower______64ofmobility可动性problems.? ?Ifyoudonotliketoexerciseoryoucannotexercise______65of serioushealthproblemsorfunctionallimitationsdotrytobeasactiveas possibleVisseradvised.
{{*HTML*}} ??Cancerisadiseaseinwhichcells multiplywithoutcontroldestroyhealthytissueandendangerlife.About100 kindsofcancerattackhumanbeings.Thediseaseisaleadingcauseofdeathin manycountries.IntheUnitedStatesandCanadaonlydiseasesoftheheartand bloodvesselskillmorepeople.Canceroccursinmostspeciesofanimalsandin manykindsofplantsaswellasinhumanbeings.??2.? ?Cancerstrikespeopleofallagesbutespeciallymiddle-agedpersonsand theelderly.Itoccursaboutequallyamongpeopleofbothsexes.Thediseasecan attackanypartofthebodyandmayspreadtootherparts.Howevertheparts mostoftenaffectedaretheskinthedigestiveorgansthelungsthemale prostateandthefemalebreasts.??3.??Scientistsdo notknowexactlywhycancerdevelops.Mostexpertsagreethatpeopledevelop cancermainlythroughrepeatedorprolongedcontactwithoneormore cancer-causingagentscalledcarcinogens.Theseagentsincludethetarsin tobaccosmokeavarietyofotherchemicalsandcertainkindsofradiation.In manycasescancercanbepreventedifaknownagentisavoidedoreliminated. Theeliminationofcigarettesmokingforexamplewouldpreventmostcasesof lungcancerandaboutathirdofallcasesofcancer.Scientistsalsobelieve thatsomepeoplemayinheritatendencytodevelopcancer.??4. ??Withoutpropertreatmentmostkindsofcancerarefatal.Onlya doctorcandiagnosecancer.Butinmanycasesadoctorisconsultedonlyafter thediseaseisfaradvanced.Apersonshouldthereforebealerttoanyphysical changethatmaybeasymptomofcancer.Earlydetectiongreatlyincreasesthe chancesofacure.??5.??Cancershowsnosymptomsin itsbeginningstages.Butsymptomsmayappearbeforethediseasespreads.The AmericanCancerSocietylistssevensuchwarningsignals.Theyare:1Change inbowelorbladderhabits;2Asorethatdoesnotheal;3Unusualbleeding ordischarge;4Thickeningorlumpinbreastorelsewhere;5Indigestionor difficultyinswallowing;6Obviouschangeinwartormole;7Naggingcough orhoarseness.Apersonwhohasanyofthesesymptomslongerthantwoweeks shouldconsultaphysicianpromptly.Canceroccursinmostspeciesofanimalsinmanykindsofplantsandin______.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ???Astrictvegetarianisaperson whoneverinhislifeeatsanythingderivedfromanimals.Themainobjectionto vegetarianismonalong-termbasisisthedifficultytogettingenoughprotein thebodybuildingelementsinfood.Ifyouhaveeverbeenwithoutmeatoranimal foodsforsomedaysofweedssayforreligiousreasonsyouwillhavenoticed thatyoutendtogetphysicallyratherweak.Youaregladwhenthefastisover andyougetyourrewardofasucculentmeatmeal.Proteinsarebuiltupfrom approximatelytwentyfoodelementscalledamino-acidswhicharefoundmore abundantlyinanimalproteinthaninvegetableprotein.Thismeansyouhaveto eatagreatdealmorevegetablethananimalfoodinordertogetenoughofthese amino-acids.Agreatofthevegetablefoodgoestowasteinthisprocessand fromthephysiologicalpointofviewthereisnotmuchtobesaidinfavorof life-longvegetarianism.??Theeconomicsideofthequestion thoughmustbeconsidered.Vegetablefoodismuchcheaperthananimalfood. Howeversinceonlyasmallproportionoftaevegetableproteinisusefulfor body-buildingpurposesaconsistentvegetarianifheistogainthenecessary 70gramsofproteinadayhastoconsumeagreaterbulkoffoodthanhis digestiveorganscancomfortablydealwith.Infairnessthoughitmustbe pointedoutthatvegetariansclaimtheyneedfarlessthan70gramsofproteina day.??Whetherornotvegetarianismshouldbeadvocatedfor adultsitisdefinitelyunsatisfactoryforgrowingchildrenwhoneedmore proteinthantheycangetfromvegetablesources.Alacto-vegetariandietwhich includesmilkandmilkproductssuchascheesecanhoweverbesatisfactoryas longasenoughmilkandmilkproductsareconsumed.??Meatand cheesearethebestsourcesofusabledigestibleandnextcomemilkfishand eggs.Slowandcarefulcookingofmeatmakesitmoredigestibleandassistsin thebreakingdownoftheproteincontentbythebody.Whencookingvegetables howeverthevitaminsandinparticularthewater-solubevitaminCshouldbe lostthroughovercooking.Fromthepassageweknowthat______.
{{*HTML*}} ??Cancerisadiseaseinwhichcells multiplywithoutcontroldestroyhealthytissueandendangerlife.About100 kindsofcancerattackhumanbeings.Thediseaseisaleadingcauseofdeathin manycountries.IntheUnitedStatesandCanadaonlydiseasesoftheheartand bloodvesselskillmorepeople.Canceroccursinmostspeciesofanimalsandin manykindsofplantsaswellasinhumanbeings.??2.? ?Cancerstrikespeopleofallagesbutespeciallymiddle-agedpersonsand theelderly.Itoccursaboutequallyamongpeopleofbothsexes.Thediseasecan attackanypartofthebodyandmayspreadtootherparts.Howevertheparts mostoftenaffectedaretheskinthedigestiveorgansthelungsthemale prostateandthefemalebreasts.??3.??Scientistsdo notknowexactlywhycancerdevelops.Mostexpertsagreethatpeopledevelop cancermainlythroughrepeatedorprolongedcontactwithoneormore cancer-causingagentscalledcarcinogens.Theseagentsincludethetarsin tobaccosmokeavarietyofotherchemicalsandcertainkindsofradiation.In manycasescancercanbepreventedifaknownagentisavoidedoreliminated. Theeliminationofcigarettesmokingforexamplewouldpreventmostcasesof lungcancerandaboutathirdofallcasesofcancer.Scientistsalsobelieve thatsomepeoplemayinheritatendencytodevelopcancer.??4. ??Withoutpropertreatmentmostkindsofcancerarefatal.Onlya doctorcandiagnosecancer.Butinmanycasesadoctorisconsultedonlyafter thediseaseisfaradvanced.Apersonshouldthereforebealerttoanyphysical changethatmaybeasymptomofcancer.Earlydetectiongreatlyincreasesthe chancesofacure.??5.??Cancershowsnosymptomsin itsbeginningstages.Butsymptomsmayappearbeforethediseasespreads.The AmericanCancerSocietylistssevensuchwarningsignals.Theyare:1Change inbowelorbladderhabits;2Asorethatdoesnotheal;3Unusualbleeding ordischarge;4Thickeningorlumpinbreastorelsewhere;5Indigestionor difficultyinswallowing;6Obviouschangeinwartormole;7Naggingcough orhoarseness.Apersonwhohasanyofthesesymptomslongerthantwoweeks shouldconsultaphysicianpromptly.Paragraph3.______.
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ?????????{{B}}StayingActive inOldAgeKeepsPeopleMobile{{/B}}??Peopleover70whoaren’t activearemorelikelytodevelopproblemswalkingorclimbingstairswithina fewyearsaccordingtoanewstudy.??Thesefindingssuggestthat it’sveryimportanttostay______51inoldagestudyauthorDr.Marjolein VissertoldReutersHealth.??Physicalactivityinoldageisas important______52takingyourmedications药物Vissernoted.Youdonot needtojoinanexpensivefancysportsclubwithhigh-tech高科技的equipment. Yourbodywillalready______53fromregularwalking.??Visser aDutch荷兰的scholarexplainedthat______54activehelpspreventpeoplefrom becomingbreathlessduringsimpleactivitiesincreasemusclemassandstrength andmaintainthebalancepeopleneedtowalkupstairsforinstance.? ?ToinvestigatehowimportantexerciseistoolderadultsVisser’steam interviewed3075menand______55betweentheagesof70and79allofwhom saidtheyhadnoproblemswalkingone-quarterofamileorclimbing______56. Theinvestigatorsfollowedthesubjectsfor4-1/2yearsnotingwhodeveloped problems______57andclimbingstairs.??Duringthestudy34 percentofmenand47______58ofwomensaidtheybegantostrugglewith walkingandclimbingstairs.People______59wereinactiveweretwiceaslikely toreporttheseproblemsaspeoplewhosaidtheygotregularexercise.? ?Peoplewhodidn’texercisebuthadactivelifestylesappearedtobeata somewhathigherriskofdeveloping______60walkingandclimbingstairs relativetopeoplewhoexercised______61.Stillleadinganactivelifestyle appearedtoprotectpeople______62problemsbetterthanbeinggenerally inactivetheresearchersreportintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatrics 老年医学Society.??Amongpeoplewhowereinactive______63who walkedevenalittlebit-such?asbrisk轻快的walkingforalittleoveran hourperweek-wereatalower______64ofmobility可动性problems.? ?Ifyoudonotliketoexerciseoryoucannotexercise______65of serioushealthproblemsorfunctionallimitationsdotrytobeasactiveas possibleVisseradvised.
{{*HTML*}} ???Souped-up效力增强了的enzymesthat flushpoisonsoutofcellsmoreefficientlythantheirnatural counterparts对应的人或物couldalleviatesomeoftheseveresideeffectsof chemotherapyandsoimprovethechancesofcuringcancers.?? ?Manyanticancerdrugsattacktumorcellsbecausetheydividemorerapidly thanheathycells.Butsomevitalhealthycellsalsodividefasterthanormal andthesearedestroyedaswell.Themostvitalcellscaughtinthechemical cross-firearethosemadeinthebonemarrow骨髓.Undernormalcircumstances thesematureintoplatelets血小板whicharevitalforwound-healingandwhite bloodcellsthatfightinfections.Iflevelsofthesecellsfallpatients becomedangerouslyvulnerabletoinfectionandcansuffersuchsevereinternal bleedingthattreatmenthastobestopped.Survivingcancercellscanthen re-growandreducetheeffectivenessofthetherapy.?? ?BillFehlandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofWisconsinMedicalSchool haveengineeredanenzymethatcouldmakebonemarrowcellsresistanttothe cancerdrugssohigherdosescanbegivenandsideeffectsreduced.Theideais totakehealthybonemarrowcellsfrompatientsbeforetheybeginchemotherapy thenequipthesecellswiththegenesthatmaketheenzymedrug-resistant.When returnedtothepatienttheimprovedbonemarrowcellscouldthenwithstand heavydosesofthedrugs.???Thenaturalversionofthe enzyme—calledglutathioneStransferase谷胱甘肽S转移酶—isproducedmainlyinthe liverandcatalyses催化thebreakdownofcompoundsthatmightotherwisedamage DNAincells.GSTalsoneutralizes中和thetoxicbreakdownproductsof anticancerdrugswhichmakesitsuitableforprotectingbonemarrowcells.But naturalGSTdoesnotworkefficientlyenoughtoavoidbeingswampedbyhigh dosesofdrugs.??GSTcatalysesareactionbetweenpotentially toxiccompoundsandglutathione—apeptide肽producedinalmostallcellsof thebody.TheGSTmoleculehasacavityoractivesitewherethetwo moleculesarebroughtcloseenoughtoreact.Thisneutralizesthetoxinwhich passesintothebloodtobeexcretedinthepatient’surine.?? Usingmachinesforsynthesizing结合使合成DNAFehlandhiscolleaguesmade thousandsofscrambledversionsofthepartsoftheGSTgenethatmakethe activesiteoftheenzyme.TheyinsertedthesescrambledgenesintoEscherichia coll.Byexposingthebacteriatoincreasingquantitiesoftheanticancerdrug mechlorethamine氮芥Fehlscreenedouttheonesmosttoleranttothedrug. ??Bythismethodwemadeenzymes30timesasefficientasthe naturalonesaysFehl.Inotherwordsittook30timesasmuchdrugtokill thebacteria.???Fehlhasalreadyexposedmicecarrying copiesofthedoctoredgenetoknowncarcinogens致癌物toseehowefficientthe geneisatmoppingupthetoxins.Themoreefficientitisthelessdamagethe toxinsdoandfewertumorsshouldappear.???Weanticipate asignificantreductioninthenumberofcancersinthegroupcarryingthe genesaysFehlwhoisstillanalyzingtheresults.Fehl’steamhasapplied forapatentcoveringthetechniqueandhopestodeveloptreatmentswith SystemixacompanybasedinPaloAltoCalifornia.?? ?BrianKettererwhoheadstheCancerResearchCampaign’smolecular toxicologygroupinLondonsaysFehl’sworkcouldbeimportant.Buthewarns thattheproposedstrategywouldnotprotectcellsliningthegutfrom chemotherapydrugs.TheenzymeengineeredbyFehl’steamissuperiortothenaturalenzymeinwithstandingHeavydosesofthedrugs.
{{*HTML*}} ???Souped-up效力增强了的enzymesthat flushpoisonsoutofcellsmoreefficientlythantheirnatural counterparts对应的人或物couldalleviatesomeoftheseveresideeffectsof chemotherapyandsoimprovethechancesofcuringcancers.?? ?Manyanticancerdrugsattacktumorcellsbecausetheydividemorerapidly thanheathycells.Butsomevitalhealthycellsalsodividefasterthanormal andthesearedestroyedaswell.Themostvitalcellscaughtinthechemical cross-firearethosemadeinthebonemarrow骨髓.Undernormalcircumstances thesematureintoplatelets血小板whicharevitalforwound-healingandwhite bloodcellsthatfightinfections.Iflevelsofthesecellsfallpatients becomedangerouslyvulnerabletoinfectionandcansuffersuchsevereinternal bleedingthattreatmenthastobestopped.Survivingcancercellscanthen re-growandreducetheeffectivenessofthetherapy.?? ?BillFehlandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofWisconsinMedicalSchool haveengineeredanenzymethatcouldmakebonemarrowcellsresistanttothe cancerdrugssohigherdosescanbegivenandsideeffectsreduced.Theideais totakehealthybonemarrowcellsfrompatientsbeforetheybeginchemotherapy thenequipthesecellswiththegenesthatmaketheenzymedrug-resistant.When returnedtothepatienttheimprovedbonemarrowcellscouldthenwithstand heavydosesofthedrugs.???Thenaturalversionofthe enzyme—calledglutathioneStransferase谷胱甘肽S转移酶—isproducedmainlyinthe liverandcatalyses催化thebreakdownofcompoundsthatmightotherwisedamage DNAincells.GSTalsoneutralizes中和thetoxicbreakdownproductsof anticancerdrugswhichmakesitsuitableforprotectingbonemarrowcells.But naturalGSTdoesnotworkefficientlyenoughtoavoidbeingswampedbyhigh dosesofdrugs.??GSTcatalysesareactionbetweenpotentially toxiccompoundsandglutathione—apeptide肽producedinalmostallcellsof thebody.TheGSTmoleculehasacavityoractivesitewherethetwo moleculesarebroughtcloseenoughtoreact.Thisneutralizesthetoxinwhich passesintothebloodtobeexcretedinthepatient’surine.?? Usingmachinesforsynthesizing结合使合成DNAFehlandhiscolleaguesmade thousandsofscrambledversionsofthepartsoftheGSTgenethatmakethe activesiteoftheenzyme.TheyinsertedthesescrambledgenesintoEscherichia coll.Byexposingthebacteriatoincreasingquantitiesoftheanticancerdrug mechlorethamine氮芥Fehlscreenedouttheonesmosttoleranttothedrug. ??Bythismethodwemadeenzymes30timesasefficientasthe naturalonesaysFehl.Inotherwordsittook30timesasmuchdrugtokill thebacteria.???Fehlhasalreadyexposedmicecarrying copiesofthedoctoredgenetoknowncarcinogens致癌物toseehowefficientthe geneisatmoppingupthetoxins.Themoreefficientitisthelessdamagethe toxinsdoandfewertumorsshouldappear.???Weanticipate asignificantreductioninthenumberofcancersinthegroupcarryingthe genesaysFehlwhoisstillanalyzingtheresults.Fehl’steamhasapplied forapatentcoveringthetechniqueandhopestodeveloptreatmentswith SystemixacompanybasedinPaloAltoCalifornia.?? ?BrianKettererwhoheadstheCancerResearchCampaign’smolecular toxicologygroupinLondonsaysFehl’sworkcouldbeimportant.Buthewarns thattheproposedstrategywouldnotprotectcellsliningthegutfrom chemotherapydrugs.Thepassagemainlydiscussesaboutthetoxicreactionofanticancerdrugs.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ???Coronaryheartdisease冠心病isa termusedtodescribeconditionslikeangina心绞痛orheartattack.Manypeople sufferfromheartdisease.???Ifyouhavehadaheart attackorsufferfromanginaitisveryimportantthatyoutakepositiveaction nowinordertokeepyourheartashealthyaspossible.Thisarticleoutlines stepsyoucantakeinordertohelpachievethis.???A numberoffactorshavebeenknowntoincreasetheriskofyourcoronaryheart disease.Thereareoftenreferredtoasriskfactors.Butsomeofthese factorscanbechangedormodifiedtohelpimproveyourcondition.These include:highMoodcholesterol胆固醇highbloodpressuresmokingpoordiet lackofexercisehighalcoholintakeobesitydiabetesandstress.? ??Highbloodcholesterolhasbeenshowntobeoneofthemost importantriskfactorsyetonlyabouthalfofcoronaryheart-diseasepatients havehadtheirbloodcholesterolchecked.???Whenblood cholesterolishighitbuildsupinthewallsofthearteriesbloodvessels causingthemtonarrow.Thenarrowingcanthenbegintorestrictthebloodflow totheheart.Undertheseconditionspatientswilloftenexperiencechestpain ortightnessknownasangina.??Insomecasesnarrowingofthe arteriesthatsupplybloodtotheheartcanbecomesoseverethatitblocksthe artery.Moreusuallyhoweverapartialblockagetriggersabloodclotcausing aheartattackwhichcancausepermanentdamagetopartoftheheartmuscle. ??Toreducethebuildupofcholesterolinthearterywallsand soreducetheriskofaheartattackcholesterolloweringhasbecomean essentialpartoftreatmentforpeoplewithcoronaryheartdisease.? ?Reductionsinbloodcholesterolhavebeenshowntoprovidemajorbenefits forpatientswhohaveanginaorhavehadaheartattacksuchasreducingthe riskofanotherheartattackoccurringandimprovingsurvival.?? ?Yourcholesterolshouldbecheckedregularlyandmodifiedifnecessary alongwithalltheotherfactors.Thiswillhelptoensurethatyouminimisethe riskofsufferingfutureheartproblemslikeanotherheartattack.? ?Itisbetterforyourheartifalltheriskfactorsarereducedbya littleratherthanconcentratingononeandignoringtheothers.? ?Changesinlifestylecanoftenhelptoreducetheseriskfactors.These includestop-pingsmokingorcuttingdownthenumberofcigarettesyousmokea healthierdietandahealthybodyweightregularexerciseandnotdrinking morethantherecommendedamountofalcohol.Ahealthierdietshouldconsistof reducingtheamountofsaturatedfat饱和脂肪youeatandbalancingthiswithan intakeofnon-andpoly-unsaturatedfatsandincreasedconsumption单链和多链不饱和脂肪 ofcerealfoodsvegetablesandfruit.???Sometimeschanges inlifestylearenotenoughtoreducefactorslikecholesterolorbloodpressure sufficientlyandsodrugsmaybeprescribed.Thesedrugsshouldalwaysbe combinedwithchangesinlifestyle.Whatshouldbecheckedregularlytominimisetheriskofsufferingfutureheartproblems?
It'sbeyond{{U}}mortal{{/U}}powertobringadeadmanbacktolife.
{{*HTML*}}??下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 ??????? ?????????{{B}}StayingActive inOldAgeKeepsPeopleMobile{{/B}}??Peopleover70whoaren’t activearemorelikelytodevelopproblemswalkingorclimbingstairswithina fewyearsaccordingtoanewstudy.??Thesefindingssuggestthat it’sveryimportanttostay______51inoldagestudyauthorDr.Marjolein VissertoldReutersHealth.??Physicalactivityinoldageisas important______52takingyourmedications药物Vissernoted.Youdonot needtojoinanexpensivefancysportsclubwithhigh-tech高科技的equipment. Yourbodywillalready______53fromregularwalking.??Visser aDutch荷兰的scholarexplainedthat______54activehelpspreventpeoplefrom becomingbreathlessduringsimpleactivitiesincreasemusclemassandstrength andmaintainthebalancepeopleneedtowalkupstairsforinstance.? ?ToinvestigatehowimportantexerciseistoolderadultsVisser’steam interviewed3075menand______55betweentheagesof70and79allofwhom saidtheyhadnoproblemswalkingone-quarterofamileorclimbing______56. Theinvestigatorsfollowedthesubjectsfor4-1/2yearsnotingwhodeveloped problems______57andclimbingstairs.??Duringthestudy34 percentofmenand47______58ofwomensaidtheybegantostrugglewith walkingandclimbingstairs.People______59wereinactiveweretwiceaslikely toreporttheseproblemsaspeoplewhosaidtheygotregularexercise.? ?Peoplewhodidn’texercisebuthadactivelifestylesappearedtobeata somewhathigherriskofdeveloping______60walkingandclimbingstairs relativetopeoplewhoexercised______61.Stillleadinganactivelifestyle appearedtoprotectpeople______62problemsbetterthanbeinggenerally inactivetheresearchersreportintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatrics 老年医学Society.??Amongpeoplewhowereinactive______63who walkedevenalittlebit-such?asbrisk轻快的walkingforalittleoveran hourperweek-wereatalower______64ofmobility可动性problems.? ?Ifyoudonotliketoexerciseoryoucannotexercise______65of serioushealthproblemsorfunctionallimitationsdotrytobeasactiveas possibleVisseradvised.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ???Suchmentalfatiguecanbeas threateningasaheartattack.Recentevidenceindicatesthatsleepinessisa leadingcauseoftrafficandindustrialaccidents.Humanerrorcausesbetween 60%and900ofallworkplaceaccidentsdependingonthetypeofjobobserves biologicalpsychologistDavidDingesoftheUniversityofPennsylvania.And inadequatesleepisamajorfactorinhumanerroratleastasimportantas drugsalcoholandequipmentfailure.Otherresearchsuggeststhatsleeploss contributestoeverythingfromdrugabusetopoorgradesinschool.? ??Atypicaladultneedsabouteighthoursofshut-eyeanightto functioneffectively.BythatstandardmillionsofAmericansareforalong timesleepdeprivedtryingtogetbyonsixhoursorevenless.Inmany householdscheatingonsleephasbecomeanunconsciousandharmfulhabit.In itsmildformit’swatchingTedKoppelandgoingtobedlateandthengetting upearlytogettothegymsaysCornell’sPollak.Inextremecasespeoplestay upmostofthenightseeinghowlittlesleepwillkeepthemgoing.Theytryto compensatebyshortsleepinglateonweekendsbutthatmakesupforonlypart oftheshortfall.Overthemonthsandyearssomeresearchersbelievethe imbalancebuildsupandtheeffectsaccumulate.MostAmericansnolongerknow whatitfeelsliketobefullyalertcontendsDr.WilliamDementdirectorof StanfordUniversity’sSleepCenter.Theygothroughthedayinasortof twilightzone;theeyesmaybewideopenbutthebrainispartlyshutdown. ??SingleparentDiannaBennett43worksasanurseata correctionalfacilityinGardnerMass.Tobeabletospendtimewithherthree childrenduringthedaysheworksthenightshiftaschedulethatusually allowshernomorethanfourhoursofsleepMykidstellmeI’malwaystired shesays.AmySchwartzman35alawstudentatTulaneUniversitygetsupat9 a.m.andwhatwithclassessimulatedcourtandworkasaresearchassistant oftendoesnotgethomeuntil10p.m.That’swhenshestudiesorrelaxation. Nightsofthrowingintobedat3a.m.makeherfeelasifmybrainisn’tmoving asquicklyasquicklyasitshould.saysSchwartzmannotingthatthecircles underhereyeskeepgettingdarker.MymothertoldmeIlooklikearaccoon. BecauseofsleeplossmostAmericans______.
{{*HTML*}} ???Souped-up效力增强了的enzymesthat flushpoisonsoutofcellsmoreefficientlythantheirnatural counterparts对应的人或物couldalleviatesomeoftheseveresideeffectsof chemotherapyandsoimprovethechancesofcuringcancers.?? ?Manyanticancerdrugsattacktumorcellsbecausetheydividemorerapidly thanheathycells.Butsomevitalhealthycellsalsodividefasterthanormal andthesearedestroyedaswell.Themostvitalcellscaughtinthechemical cross-firearethosemadeinthebonemarrow骨髓.Undernormalcircumstances thesematureintoplatelets血小板whicharevitalforwound-healingandwhite bloodcellsthatfightinfections.Iflevelsofthesecellsfallpatients becomedangerouslyvulnerabletoinfectionandcansuffersuchsevereinternal bleedingthattreatmenthastobestopped.Survivingcancercellscanthen re-growandreducetheeffectivenessofthetherapy.?? ?BillFehlandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofWisconsinMedicalSchool haveengineeredanenzymethatcouldmakebonemarrowcellsresistanttothe cancerdrugssohigherdosescanbegivenandsideeffectsreduced.Theideais totakehealthybonemarrowcellsfrompatientsbeforetheybeginchemotherapy thenequipthesecellswiththegenesthatmaketheenzymedrug-resistant.When returnedtothepatienttheimprovedbonemarrowcellscouldthenwithstand heavydosesofthedrugs.???Thenaturalversionofthe enzyme—calledglutathioneStransferase谷胱甘肽S转移酶—isproducedmainlyinthe liverandcatalyses催化thebreakdownofcompoundsthatmightotherwisedamage DNAincells.GSTalsoneutralizes中和thetoxicbreakdownproductsof anticancerdrugswhichmakesitsuitableforprotectingbonemarrowcells.But naturalGSTdoesnotworkefficientlyenoughtoavoidbeingswampedbyhigh dosesofdrugs.??GSTcatalysesareactionbetweenpotentially toxiccompoundsandglutathione—apeptide肽producedinalmostallcellsof thebody.TheGSTmoleculehasacavityoractivesitewherethetwo moleculesarebroughtcloseenoughtoreact.Thisneutralizesthetoxinwhich passesintothebloodtobeexcretedinthepatient’surine.?? Usingmachinesforsynthesizing结合使合成DNAFehlandhiscolleaguesmade thousandsofscrambledversionsofthepartsoftheGSTgenethatmakethe activesiteoftheenzyme.TheyinsertedthesescrambledgenesintoEscherichia coll.Byexposingthebacteriatoincreasingquantitiesoftheanticancerdrug mechlorethamine氮芥Fehlscreenedouttheonesmosttoleranttothedrug. ??Bythismethodwemadeenzymes30timesasefficientasthe naturalonesaysFehl.Inotherwordsittook30timesasmuchdrugtokill thebacteria.???Fehlhasalreadyexposedmicecarrying copiesofthedoctoredgenetoknowncarcinogens致癌物toseehowefficientthe geneisatmoppingupthetoxins.Themoreefficientitisthelessdamagethe toxinsdoandfewertumorsshouldappear.???Weanticipate asignificantreductioninthenumberofcancersinthegroupcarryingthe genesaysFehlwhoisstillanalyzingtheresults.Fehl’steamhasapplied forapatentcoveringthetechniqueandhopestodeveloptreatmentswith SystemixacompanybasedinPaloAltoCalifornia.?? ?BrianKettererwhoheadstheCancerResearchCampaign’smolecular toxicologygroupinLondonsaysFehl’sworkcouldbeimportant.Buthewarns thattheproposedstrategywouldnotprotectcellsliningthegutfrom chemotherapydrugs.Beingresistanttotheanticancerdrugsbonemarrowcellscangreatlyreducethesideeffects.
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