首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A项；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B项；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，清选择C项。 ...
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
理工类《单选集》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
下面四幅图片描述的是星期一早晨李华在上学路上经历的一件事请根据图片所提供的信息以第三人称用英语写一篇
请根据以下资料说明使用5个规范句子描述全部所给信息内容要求1标题It’sharmfultoCivil
任务型阅读阅读短文按照要求完成各题Whatwilltheweatherbelike?Somepeop
听短文根据短文内容完成下面的表格短文读三遍注chemistry化学lab实验室
402010·广东省四会中学高三第二次质量检测下面有四副图假设女孩叫Mary男孩叫Peter请根据图
下面四幅图片描述的是李明和爷爷从养鸟到放鸟的一段经历请根据图片所提供的信息以第三人称用英语写一篇短文
请根据下面所示内容用英语写一篇短文比较高中学生减负前后的有关情况1.短文须包括所有图表内容可以适当增
二图表式322010·山东运河中学高三10月月考请根据下面所示内容用英语写一篇短文比较高中学生减负前
阅读表达阅读下面短文根据其内容完成后面各项任务IntheCharlesE.JohnsonElemen
基础写作请根据以下表格内容使用5个规范的英语句子介绍学校学生的课外活动情况作文必须全部所给的信息5个
书面表达共15分下面四幅图描述的是星期天上午在中山公园里发生的事请根据图片所提供的信息用英语为你校的
听力填表录音中有一篇短文听短文两遍后根据所听内容填写下面的表格每空不多于三个词DAYTRIPTo:L
书面表达满分25分下面四幅图片描述的是李明和爷爷从养鸟到放鸟的一段经历请根据图片所提供的信息以第三人
第二节书面表达满分25分下面四幅图片描述的是李明和爷爷从养鸟到放鸟的一段经历请根据图片所提供的信息以
请根据以下的说明内容使用连贯的英语句子写一篇短文健康一直是人们关注的话题请根据下面提供的写作内容写一
任务型阅读阅读下面短文然后根据要求完成短文后面的题目APLANEcrashed坠机inLibyaon
阅读表达ManyyearsagotherewasafamilynamedFranklin.Theyl
某英文报社举办以ILikeReading为主题的征文活动你打算投稿请根据以下要点写一篇短文【写作内容
请根据以下的说明内容使用连贯的英语句子写一篇短文健康一直是人们关注的话题请根据下面提供的写作内容写一
IV.写作共两节满分为40分第一节基础写作共1小题满分15分【写作内容】请按照下面6幅图片的提示和所
热门试题
更多
Whatissaidaboutcellphoneuseinparagraph4?
ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidity Notaplanttobeseenthedesertgroundistoo51.Buttheaircontainswaterandresearchscientistshavefounda52ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity.Thesystemisbasedcompletelyonrenewableenergyandisthereforeautonomous. Crackspermeatethedried-outdesertgroundandthelandscapebearstestimonytothelack’ofwater.Butevenherewheretherearenolakesriversorgroundwaterconsiderablequantitiesofwaterarestoredintheair.IntheNegevdesert1inIsrael2forexampleannualaveragerelativeairhumidityis64percent--ineverycubicmeterofairthereare115millilitersofwater. Germanresearchscientistshavefoundawayofconvertingthisairhumidityautonomouslyintodrinkablewater.Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysourcessuchasthermal53collectorsandphotovoltaiccellswhichmakesthismethodcompletely energy-autonomous.Itwillthereforefunctioninregions54thereisnoelectricalinfrastructuresaysSiegfriedEgnerheadoftheresearchteam.Theprincipleofthe55isasfollows3:hygroscopicbrine~salinesolutionwhichabsorbsmoisture--runsdownatower-shapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair.Itisthensuckedintoatankafewmeters56thegroundinwhichavacuumprevails4.Energyfromsolarcollectorsheatsupthebrinewhichisdilutedbythewaterithas57. Becauseofthevacuumtheboilingpointoftheliquidis58thanitwouldbeundernormalatmosphericpressure.Thiseffectisknownfromthemountains:astheatmosphericpressure59islowerthaninthevalleywaterboilsattemperatures60below100oC.Theevaporatednon-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner.Thegravityofthiswatercolumncontinuouslyproducesthevacuumandsoavacuumpumpisnotneeded.Thereconcentrated5brinerunsdownthetowersurface61toabsorbmoisturefromtheair. Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater62.Single-personunitsandplants63watertoentirehotelsareconceivablesaysEgner.Prototypeshavebeenbuiltforbothsystemcomponents—airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation—andtheresearchscientistshavealready64theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale.Inafurthersteptheresearchersintendtodevelopademonstration65.
AIDS AIDSisAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome.Thehumanimmunodeficiencyvirus人类免疫缺损病毒calledHIVisbelievedtocauseAIDS.Thereisnocure.Peoplewhogetthediseasewilldie.AIDSitselfdoesnotkill.Howeveritattacksanddestroysthebody’’sdefensesystemthatfightsagainstinfection.Whenthishappensapersonhaslittleabilitytofightoffmanyotherdiseasesincludingpneumonia肺炎cancerandtuberculosis结核病. AnewstudysaysthenumberofwomenintheUnitedStateswithAIDShasincreasedsharply.ThestudysaysAIDSisincreasingfasteramongwomenthanamongmen.EighteenpercentofAIDSpatientsarewomen.Thisisalmost3timestherate10yearsago.MostwomengettheAIDSvirusfromhavingsexualrelationswithmen.Pregnantwomenwiththediseasecanpassittotheirbabies.TheeffectofAIDSinAmericaisgreatestinlargecities.AIDSistheleadingcauseofdeathamongallpeoplein79cities.Itistheleadingcauseofdeathamongwomenin15cities.TheseincludeNewYorkCityandMiamiFlorida. DoctorsintheUnitedStatesfirstnotedAIDS14yearsagoinhomosexual同性恋的meninNewYorkandCalifornia.IntheUnitedStatesAIDSspreadfirstamonghomosexualmen.Thenitappearedinpeoplewhosharedneedlestoputillegaldrugsintotheirblood.Italsoappearedinpeoplewhohadreceivedinfectedbloodproductsathospitals.TheAIDSvirusisspreadthroughtheexchangeofinfectedbloodorbodyfluidsreleasedduringsexualactivity.Itisalsospreadbyhavingsexualrelationswithsomeonewhohasthevirus.Anditisspreadbysharingdrugneedlesthathaveinfectedbloodonthem. AIDShasaffectedseveralfamousAmericanathletes.TwoyearsagoformertennisplayerArthurAshediedofthedisease.AtaboutthesametimeformerbasketballplayerMagicJohnsonannouncedthathehastheAIDSvirus.ThemostrecentathletetobeaffectedisGregoryLouganis.LouganiswonanumberofgoldmedalsinOlympicdivingcompetition.HeannouncedontelevisionthathehasAIDS.PresidentClintonmetwithLouganisandpraisedhimfordiscussinghissickness.Mr.Clintonsaiditisimportanttoeducatethepublic. ActivistshavesucceededineducatingAmericansaboutAIDSandthepeoplewhohaveit.TheyalsohavebeenurgingthefederalgovernmenttoincreaseeffortstofindacureforAIDS.ScientistsfirstidentifiedthevirusthatisbelievedtocauseAIDSin1983.Manyofthemthenthoughttheycouldproduceananti-AIDSvaccine痘苗.Suchamedicinecouldbegiventopeopletoprotectagainstthedisease.HoweverscientistsatAmericangovernmentagenciesuniversitiesanddrugcompanieshavefailedtoproduceananti-AIDSvaccine.Buttheyarecontinuingefforttofindbettertreatmentsforacure. Whatisnotlikelytohappen?
TheGrandCanyon StandingontherimoftheGrandCanyon大峡谷gazingacrossthisgiantwoundintheEarth’’ssurfaceavisitormightassumethatthecanyonhadbeencausedbysomeancientconvulsion震动.Infacttheeventsthatproducedthecanyonfarfrombeingsuddenandcatastrophicsimplyadduptotheslowandorderlyprocessoferosion. ManymillionsofyearsagotheColoradoPlateauintheGrandCanyonareacontained1000morefeetofrockthanitdoestodayandwasrelativelylevel.Theadditionalmaterialconsistedofsome14layeredformationsofrock.IntheGrandCanyonregiontheselayerswerelargelywornawayoverthecourseofmillionsofyears. Approximately65millionyearsagotheplateausflatsurfaceintheGrandCanyonareabulgedupwardfrominternalpressuregeologistsrefertothisbulgingactionsupwarding弯曲上升;itwasfollowedbyageneralelevationofthewholeColoradoPlateauaprocessthatisstillgoingon.Astheplateaugraduallyroseshallowriversthatwindedacrossitbegantorunmoreswiftlyandcutmoredefinitecourses.OneoftheseriverslocatedeastoftheupwardwastheancestoroftheColorado.AnotherriversystemcalledtheHualapaiflowingwestoftheupwardextendeditselfeastwardbycuttingbackintotheupwarditeventuallyconnectedwiththeancientColoradoandcaptureditswaters.Thenewriverthenbegantocarveoutthe277-mile-longtrenchthateventuallybecametheGrandCanyon.Geologistsestimatethatthisinitialcuttingactionbegannoearlierthan10millionyearsago. SincethentheCanyonforminghasbeencumulative.Tothecorrosiveforceoftheriveritselfhavebeenaddedotherfactors.Heatandcoldrainandsnowalongwiththevaryingresistanceoftherocksincreasetheopportunitiesforerosions.TheCanyonwallscrumbletheriveracquiresacuttingtool.Tonsofdebrisrainfallrunningoffthehighplateaucreatesfeederstreamsthatcarresidecanyons.Pushingslowlybackwardintotheplateauthesidecanyonsexposenewrocksandthepatternoferosioncontinues. Thepassagewouldmostlikelybefoundinatextbookonwhichofthefollowingsubjects?
ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidity Notaplanttobeseenthedesertgroundistoo51.Buttheaircontainswaterandresearchscientistshavefounda52ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity.Thesystemisbasedcompletelyonrenewableenergyandisthereforeautonomous. Crackspermeatethedried-outdesertgroundandthelandscapebearstestimonytothelack’ofwater.Butevenherewheretherearenolakesriversorgroundwaterconsiderablequantitiesofwaterarestoredintheair.IntheNegevdesert1inIsrael2forexampleannualaveragerelativeairhumidityis64percent--ineverycubicmeterofairthereare115millilitersofwater. Germanresearchscientistshavefoundawayofconvertingthisairhumidityautonomouslyintodrinkablewater.Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysourcessuchasthermal53collectorsandphotovoltaiccellswhichmakesthismethodcompletely energy-autonomous.Itwillthereforefunctioninregions54thereisnoelectricalinfrastructuresaysSiegfriedEgnerheadoftheresearchteam.Theprincipleofthe55isasfollows3:hygroscopicbrine~salinesolutionwhichabsorbsmoisture--runsdownatower-shapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair.Itisthensuckedintoatankafewmeters56thegroundinwhichavacuumprevails4.Energyfromsolarcollectorsheatsupthebrinewhichisdilutedbythewaterithas57. Becauseofthevacuumtheboilingpointoftheliquidis58thanitwouldbeundernormalatmosphericpressure.Thiseffectisknownfromthemountains:astheatmosphericpressure59islowerthaninthevalleywaterboilsattemperatures60below100oC.Theevaporatednon-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner.Thegravityofthiswatercolumncontinuouslyproducesthevacuumandsoavacuumpumpisnotneeded.Thereconcentrated5brinerunsdownthetowersurface61toabsorbmoisturefromtheair. Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater62.Single-personunitsandplants63watertoentirehotelsareconceivablesaysEgner.Prototypeshavebeenbuiltforbothsystemcomponents—airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation—andtheresearchscientistshavealready64theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale.Inafurthersteptheresearchersintendtodevelopademonstration65.
TheGrandCanyon StandingontherimoftheGrandCanyon大峡谷gazingacrossthisgiantwoundintheEarth’’ssurfaceavisitormightassumethatthecanyonhadbeencausedbysomeancientconvulsion震动.Infacttheeventsthatproducedthecanyonfarfrombeingsuddenandcatastrophicsimplyadduptotheslowandorderlyprocessoferosion. ManymillionsofyearsagotheColoradoPlateauintheGrandCanyonareacontained1000morefeetofrockthanitdoestodayandwasrelativelylevel.Theadditionalmaterialconsistedofsome14layeredformationsofrock.IntheGrandCanyonregiontheselayerswerelargelywornawayoverthecourseofmillionsofyears. Approximately65millionyearsagotheplateausflatsurfaceintheGrandCanyonareabulgedupwardfrominternalpressuregeologistsrefertothisbulgingactionsupwarding弯曲上升;itwasfollowedbyageneralelevationofthewholeColoradoPlateauaprocessthatisstillgoingon.Astheplateaugraduallyroseshallowriversthatwindedacrossitbegantorunmoreswiftlyandcutmoredefinitecourses.OneoftheseriverslocatedeastoftheupwardwastheancestoroftheColorado.AnotherriversystemcalledtheHualapaiflowingwestoftheupwardextendeditselfeastwardbycuttingbackintotheupwarditeventuallyconnectedwiththeancientColoradoandcaptureditswaters.Thenewriverthenbegantocarveoutthe277-mile-longtrenchthateventuallybecametheGrandCanyon.Geologistsestimatethatthisinitialcuttingactionbegannoearlierthan10millionyearsago. SincethentheCanyonforminghasbeencumulative.Tothecorrosiveforceoftheriveritselfhavebeenaddedotherfactors.Heatandcoldrainandsnowalongwiththevaryingresistanceoftherocksincreasetheopportunitiesforerosions.TheCanyonwallscrumbletheriveracquiresacuttingtool.Tonsofdebrisrainfallrunningoffthehighplateaucreatesfeederstreamsthatcarresidecanyons.Pushingslowlybackwardintotheplateauthesidecanyonsexposenewrocksandthepatternoferosioncontinues. Thepassagemainlydiscusses______.
第一篇 TheVolcano Geologistshavebeenstudyingvolcanoesforalongtime.Thoughtheyhavelearnedagreatdealtheystillhavenotdiscoveredthecauseofvolcanicaction.Theyknowthattheinsideoftheearthisveryhotbuttheyarenotsureexactlywhatcausesthegreatheat.Somegeologistshavethoughtthattheheatiscausedbythegreatpressureoftheearth’souterlayers.Ortheheatmaybeleftfromthetimewhentheearthwasformed.Duringthelastsixtyyearsscientistshavelearnedaboutradiumuraniumthoriumandotherradioactiveelements.Thesegiveoutheatallthetimeastheychangeintootherelements.Manyscientistsnowbelievethatmuchoftheheatinsidetheearthisproducedbyradioactiveelements. Whateverthecauseoftheheatmaybewedoknowthattheearthgetshotterthefartherdownwedigindeepminesandoilwellsthetemperaturerisesabout10Fforeach50feet.Atthisratethetemperature40milesbelowtheearth’ssurfacewouldbeover40000F.thisismuchhotterthannecessarytomeltrock.Howeverthepressureoftherockabovekeepsmostmaterialsfrommeltingattheirusualmeltingpoints.Geologistsbelievethattherockdeepintheearthmaybeplasticorputtylikeinotherwordstherockyieldsslowlytopressurebutisnotliquid.Butifsomechangeintheearth’scrustreleasesthepressuretherockmelts.Thenthehotliquidrockcanmoveuptowardthesurface. Whenthemeltedrockworksitswayclosetoearth’scrustavolcanomaybeformed.Themeltedrockoftencontainssteamandothergasesundergreatpressure.Iftherockabovegiveswaythepressureisreleased.Thenthesuddenexpansionofthegasescausesexplosions.Theseblowthemeltedrockintopiecesofdifferentsizesandshootthemhighintheair.Heretheycoolandhardenintovolcanicashandcinders.Someofthematerialfallsaroundtheholemadeintheearth’ssurface.Themeltedrockmaykeeponrisingandpouroutaslava.Inthiswayvolcanicashcindersandlavabuildupthecone-shapedmountainsthatwecallvolcanoes.
Heselectedabirthdaypresentforhisdaughter.
TheAsianFluVirus In1957adoctorinSingaporenoticedthathospitalsweretreatinganunusualnumberofinfluenza-likecases.Influenzaissometimescalledfluorasbadcold.Hetookspecimensfromthethroatsofpatientsinhishospitalandwasabletofindthevirusofthisinfluenza. Therearethreemaintypesoftheinfluenzavirus.ThemostimportantofthesearetypesAandBeachofthemhavingseveralsub-groups.WiththeinstrumentsatthehospitalthedoctorrecognizedthattheoutbreakwasduetoavirusgroupAbuthedidnotknowthesub-group.HereportedtheoutbreaktotheWorldHealthOrganizationinGeneva.W.H.0.publishedtheimportantnewsalongsidereportsofasimilaroutbreakinHongKongwhereabout15%-20%ofthepopulationhadbecomeill. AssoonastheLondondoctorsreceivedthepackageofthroatsamplestheybeganthestandardtests.Theyfoundthatbyreproducingitselfataveryhighspeedthevirushadmultipliedmorethanamilliontimeswithintwodays.Continuingtheircarefulteststhedoctorscheckedtheeffectofdrugsusedagainstalltheknownsub-groupsoftypeAvirusonthisvirus.Noneofthemgaveanyprotection.Thisthenwassomethingnew:anewinfluenzavirusagainstwhichthepeopleoftheworldhadnoreadyhelpwhatsoever. Havingisolatedthevirustheywereworkingwiththetwodoctorsnowconductedtestsonsomespeciallyselectedanimalswhichcontractinfluenzainthesamewayashumanbeingsdo.Inashorttimetheusualsignsofthediseaseappeared.Theseexperimentsrevealedthatthenewvirusspreadeasilybutthatitwasnotakiller.ScientistslikegeneralpubliccalleditsimplyAsianflu. Themainideaofthispassageisthat______.
TheyshowedmesomephotosandIhadtoidentifythewomanthatIsawcomingoutofthepostoffice.
Helenwillleaveimmediately.
Competition Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworldsgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestionitwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflictdefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanotherisdistinguishedfromcompetitiondefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanotherwhilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofoppositionwhichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperationtheprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresourcesbutconflictisnot.Conflictneverthelessisverylikelytooccurandisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties. Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspeciesonlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneralhoweverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetitionnotconflict.Socialanimalssuchasmonkeysandcattlefighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfightsbutinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancy占有ofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwarbutratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobsmarketsandmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall. Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresourcestradesskillsandasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandproper繁荣;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothersandthusleadtoconflictitcannotbesaidthatwarlikeconflictamongnationsisinevitablealthoughcompetitionis. Competitionisessentiallyastruggleforexistence.
Thegovernmentwouldnotdaretoimposetaxesonsuchnecessitiesasbreadormilk.
TheauthormentionsallofthefollowingsaspossibleproductsofcrudeoilEXCEPT_____.
ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidity Notaplanttobeseenthedesertgroundistoo51.Buttheaircontainswaterandresearchscientistshavefounda52ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity.Thesystemisbasedcompletelyonrenewableenergyandisthereforeautonomous. Crackspermeatethedried-outdesertgroundandthelandscapebearstestimonytothelack’ofwater.Butevenherewheretherearenolakesriversorgroundwaterconsiderablequantitiesofwaterarestoredintheair.IntheNegevdesert1inIsrael2forexampleannualaveragerelativeairhumidityis64percent--ineverycubicmeterofairthereare115millilitersofwater. Germanresearchscientistshavefoundawayofconvertingthisairhumidityautonomouslyintodrinkablewater.Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysourcessuchasthermal53collectorsandphotovoltaiccellswhichmakesthismethodcompletely energy-autonomous.Itwillthereforefunctioninregions54thereisnoelectricalinfrastructuresaysSiegfriedEgnerheadoftheresearchteam.Theprincipleofthe55isasfollows3:hygroscopicbrine~salinesolutionwhichabsorbsmoisture--runsdownatower-shapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair.Itisthensuckedintoatankafewmeters56thegroundinwhichavacuumprevails4.Energyfromsolarcollectorsheatsupthebrinewhichisdilutedbythewaterithas57. Becauseofthevacuumtheboilingpointoftheliquidis58thanitwouldbeundernormalatmosphericpressure.Thiseffectisknownfromthemountains:astheatmosphericpressure59islowerthaninthevalleywaterboilsattemperatures60below100oC.Theevaporatednon-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner.Thegravityofthiswatercolumncontinuouslyproducesthevacuumandsoavacuumpumpisnotneeded.Thereconcentrated5brinerunsdownthetowersurface61toabsorbmoisturefromtheair. Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater62.Single-personunitsandplants63watertoentirehotelsareconceivablesaysEgner.Prototypeshavebeenbuiltforbothsystemcomponents—airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation—andtheresearchscientistshavealready64theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale.Inafurthersteptheresearchersintendtodevelopademonstration65.
ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidity Notaplanttobeseenthedesertgroundistoo51.Buttheaircontainswaterandresearchscientistshavefounda52ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity.Thesystemisbasedcompletelyonrenewableenergyandisthereforeautonomous. Crackspermeatethedried-outdesertgroundandthelandscapebearstestimonytothelack’ofwater.Butevenherewheretherearenolakesriversorgroundwaterconsiderablequantitiesofwaterarestoredintheair.IntheNegevdesert1inIsrael2forexampleannualaveragerelativeairhumidityis64percent--ineverycubicmeterofairthereare115millilitersofwater. Germanresearchscientistshavefoundawayofconvertingthisairhumidityautonomouslyintodrinkablewater.Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysourcessuchasthermal53collectorsandphotovoltaiccellswhichmakesthismethodcompletely energy-autonomous.Itwillthereforefunctioninregions54thereisnoelectricalinfrastructuresaysSiegfriedEgnerheadoftheresearchteam.Theprincipleofthe55isasfollows3:hygroscopicbrine~salinesolutionwhichabsorbsmoisture--runsdownatower-shapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair.Itisthensuckedintoatankafewmeters56thegroundinwhichavacuumprevails4.Energyfromsolarcollectorsheatsupthebrinewhichisdilutedbythewaterithas57. Becauseofthevacuumtheboilingpointoftheliquidis58thanitwouldbeundernormalatmosphericpressure.Thiseffectisknownfromthemountains:astheatmosphericpressure59islowerthaninthevalleywaterboilsattemperatures60below100oC.Theevaporatednon-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner.Thegravityofthiswatercolumncontinuouslyproducesthevacuumandsoavacuumpumpisnotneeded.Thereconcentrated5brinerunsdownthetowersurface61toabsorbmoisturefromtheair. Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater62.Single-personunitsandplants63watertoentirehotelsareconceivablesaysEgner.Prototypeshavebeenbuiltforbothsystemcomponents—airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation—andtheresearchscientistshavealready64theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale.Inafurthersteptheresearchersintendtodevelopademonstration65.
ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidity Notaplanttobeseenthedesertgroundistoo51.Buttheaircontainswaterandresearchscientistshavefounda52ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity.Thesystemisbasedcompletelyonrenewableenergyandisthereforeautonomous. Crackspermeatethedried-outdesertgroundandthelandscapebearstestimonytothelack’ofwater.Butevenherewheretherearenolakesriversorgroundwaterconsiderablequantitiesofwaterarestoredintheair.IntheNegevdesert1inIsrael2forexampleannualaveragerelativeairhumidityis64percent--ineverycubicmeterofairthereare115millilitersofwater. Germanresearchscientistshavefoundawayofconvertingthisairhumidityautonomouslyintodrinkablewater.Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysourcessuchasthermal53collectorsandphotovoltaiccellswhichmakesthismethodcompletely energy-autonomous.Itwillthereforefunctioninregions54thereisnoelectricalinfrastructuresaysSiegfriedEgnerheadoftheresearchteam.Theprincipleofthe55isasfollows3:hygroscopicbrine~salinesolutionwhichabsorbsmoisture--runsdownatower-shapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair.Itisthensuckedintoatankafewmeters56thegroundinwhichavacuumprevails4.Energyfromsolarcollectorsheatsupthebrinewhichisdilutedbythewaterithas57. Becauseofthevacuumtheboilingpointoftheliquidis58thanitwouldbeundernormalatmosphericpressure.Thiseffectisknownfromthemountains:astheatmosphericpressure59islowerthaninthevalleywaterboilsattemperatures60below100oC.Theevaporatednon-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner.Thegravityofthiswatercolumncontinuouslyproducesthevacuumandsoavacuumpumpisnotneeded.Thereconcentrated5brinerunsdownthetowersurface61toabsorbmoisturefromtheair. Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater62.Single-personunitsandplants63watertoentirehotelsareconceivablesaysEgner.Prototypeshavebeenbuiltforbothsystemcomponents—airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation—andtheresearchscientistshavealready64theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale.Inafurthersteptheresearchersintendtodevelopademonstration65.
ThecurrenteditionofthatmagazinediscussestheancientcivilizationofLatinAmerica.
WecanrelyonJamestocarryoutthismissionforhisjudgementisalwayssound.
ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidity Notaplanttobeseenthedesertgroundistoo51.Buttheaircontainswaterandresearchscientistshavefounda52ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity.Thesystemisbasedcompletelyonrenewableenergyandisthereforeautonomous. Crackspermeatethedried-outdesertgroundandthelandscapebearstestimonytothelack’ofwater.Butevenherewheretherearenolakesriversorgroundwaterconsiderablequantitiesofwaterarestoredintheair.IntheNegevdesert1inIsrael2forexampleannualaveragerelativeairhumidityis64percent--ineverycubicmeterofairthereare115millilitersofwater. Germanresearchscientistshavefoundawayofconvertingthisairhumidityautonomouslyintodrinkablewater.Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysourcessuchasthermal53collectorsandphotovoltaiccellswhichmakesthismethodcompletely energy-autonomous.Itwillthereforefunctioninregions54thereisnoelectricalinfrastructuresaysSiegfriedEgnerheadoftheresearchteam.Theprincipleofthe55isasfollows3:hygroscopicbrine~salinesolutionwhichabsorbsmoisture--runsdownatower-shapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair.Itisthensuckedintoatankafewmeters56thegroundinwhichavacuumprevails4.Energyfromsolarcollectorsheatsupthebrinewhichisdilutedbythewaterithas57. Becauseofthevacuumtheboilingpointoftheliquidis58thanitwouldbeundernormalatmosphericpressure.Thiseffectisknownfromthemountains:astheatmosphericpressure59islowerthaninthevalleywaterboilsattemperatures60below100oC.Theevaporatednon-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner.Thegravityofthiswatercolumncontinuouslyproducesthevacuumandsoavacuumpumpisnotneeded.Thereconcentrated5brinerunsdownthetowersurface61toabsorbmoisturefromtheair. Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater62.Single-personunitsandplants63watertoentirehotelsareconceivablesaysEgner.Prototypeshavebeenbuiltforbothsystemcomponents—airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation—andtheresearchscientistshavealready64theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale.Inafurthersteptheresearchersintendtodevelopademonstration65.
第三篇 OilRefining Animportantnewindustryoilrefininggrewafterthecivilwar.Crudeoilorpetroleum---adarkthickoozefromtheearth---hadbeenknownforhundredsofyears.Butlittleusehadeverbeenmadeofit.Inthe1850’sSamuelM.KieramanufacturerinwesternPennsylvaniabegancollectingtheoilfromlocalseepages油苗andrefiningitintokerosene.Refininglikesmeltingisaprocessofremovingimpuritiesfromarawmaterial. Kerosenewasusedtolightlamps.Itwasacheapsubstituteforwhaleoilwhichwasbecominghardertoget.Soontherewasalargedemandforkerosene.Peoplebegantosearchfornewsuppliesofpetroleum. ThefirstoilwellwasdrilledbyE.L.Drakearetairedrailroadconductor.In1859hebegandrillinginTitusvillPennsylvania.ThewholeventureseemedsoimpracticalandfoolishthatonlookerscalleditDrake’sFolly.Butwhenhehaddrilleddownabout70feet21metersDrakestruckoilandhiswellbegantoyield20barrelsofcrudeoiladay. NewsofDrake’ssuccessbroughtoilprospectorstothescene.Bytheearly1860’sthesewildcattersweredrillingforblackgoldalloverwesternPennsylvania.TheboomrivaledtheCaliforniagoldrushof1848initsexcitementandWildWestatmosphere.Anditbroughtfarmorewealthtotheprospectorsthananygoldrush. Crudeoilcouldberefinedintomanyproducts.Forsomeyearskerosenecontinuedtobetheprincipalone.Itwassoldingrocerystoresanddoor-to-door.Inthe1880’sand1890’srefinerslearnedhowtomakeotherpetroleumproductssuchaswaxesandlubricatingoils.Petroleumwasnotthenusedtomakegasolineorheatingoil.
Someinsectsrelyonthetinyhairsscatteredovertheirbodiestosensesoundwaves.
ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidity Notaplanttobeseenthedesertgroundistoo51.Buttheaircontainswaterandresearchscientistshavefounda52ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity.Thesystemisbasedcompletelyonrenewableenergyandisthereforeautonomous. Crackspermeatethedried-outdesertgroundandthelandscapebearstestimonytothelack’ofwater.Butevenherewheretherearenolakesriversorgroundwaterconsiderablequantitiesofwaterarestoredintheair.IntheNegevdesert1inIsrael2forexampleannualaveragerelativeairhumidityis64percent--ineverycubicmeterofairthereare115millilitersofwater. Germanresearchscientistshavefoundawayofconvertingthisairhumidityautonomouslyintodrinkablewater.Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysourcessuchasthermal53collectorsandphotovoltaiccellswhichmakesthismethodcompletely energy-autonomous.Itwillthereforefunctioninregions54thereisnoelectricalinfrastructuresaysSiegfriedEgnerheadoftheresearchteam.Theprincipleofthe55isasfollows3:hygroscopicbrine~salinesolutionwhichabsorbsmoisture--runsdownatower-shapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair.Itisthensuckedintoatankafewmeters56thegroundinwhichavacuumprevails4.Energyfromsolarcollectorsheatsupthebrinewhichisdilutedbythewaterithas57. Becauseofthevacuumtheboilingpointoftheliquidis58thanitwouldbeundernormalatmosphericpressure.Thiseffectisknownfromthemountains:astheatmosphericpressure59islowerthaninthevalleywaterboilsattemperatures60below100oC.Theevaporatednon-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner.Thegravityofthiswatercolumncontinuouslyproducesthevacuumandsoavacuumpumpisnotneeded.Thereconcentrated5brinerunsdownthetowersurface61toabsorbmoisturefromtheair. Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater62.Single-personunitsandplants63watertoentirehotelsareconceivablesaysEgner.Prototypeshavebeenbuiltforbothsystemcomponents—airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation—andtheresearchscientistshavealready64theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale.Inafurthersteptheresearchersintendtodevelopademonstration65.
TheGrandCanyon StandingontherimoftheGrandCanyon大峡谷gazingacrossthisgiantwoundintheEarth’’ssurfaceavisitormightassumethatthecanyonhadbeencausedbysomeancientconvulsion震动.Infacttheeventsthatproducedthecanyonfarfrombeingsuddenandcatastrophicsimplyadduptotheslowandorderlyprocessoferosion. ManymillionsofyearsagotheColoradoPlateauintheGrandCanyonareacontained1000morefeetofrockthanitdoestodayandwasrelativelylevel.Theadditionalmaterialconsistedofsome14layeredformationsofrock.IntheGrandCanyonregiontheselayerswerelargelywornawayoverthecourseofmillionsofyears. Approximately65millionyearsagotheplateausflatsurfaceintheGrandCanyonareabulgedupwardfrominternalpressuregeologistsrefertothisbulgingactionsupwarding弯曲上升;itwasfollowedbyageneralelevationofthewholeColoradoPlateauaprocessthatisstillgoingon.Astheplateaugraduallyroseshallowriversthatwindedacrossitbegantorunmoreswiftlyandcutmoredefinitecourses.OneoftheseriverslocatedeastoftheupwardwastheancestoroftheColorado.AnotherriversystemcalledtheHualapaiflowingwestoftheupwardextendeditselfeastwardbycuttingbackintotheupwarditeventuallyconnectedwiththeancientColoradoandcaptureditswaters.Thenewriverthenbegantocarveoutthe277-mile-longtrenchthateventuallybecametheGrandCanyon.Geologistsestimatethatthisinitialcuttingactionbegannoearlierthan10millionyearsago. SincethentheCanyonforminghasbeencumulative.Tothecorrosiveforceoftheriveritselfhavebeenaddedotherfactors.Heatandcoldrainandsnowalongwiththevaryingresistanceoftherocksincreasetheopportunitiesforerosions.TheCanyonwallscrumbletheriveracquiresacuttingtool.Tonsofdebrisrainfallrunningoffthehighplateaucreatesfeederstreamsthatcarresidecanyons.Pushingslowlybackwardintotheplateauthesidecanyonsexposenewrocksandthepatternoferosioncontinues. AccordingtothepassagehowmanymileslongwasthetrenchthatbecameknownastheGrandCanyon?
Competition Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworldsgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestionitwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflictdefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanotherisdistinguishedfromcompetitiondefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanotherwhilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofoppositionwhichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperationtheprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresourcesbutconflictisnot.Conflictneverthelessisverylikelytooccurandisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties. Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspeciesonlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneralhoweverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetitionnotconflict.Socialanimalssuchasmonkeysandcattlefighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfightsbutinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancy占有ofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwarbutratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobsmarketsandmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall. Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresourcestradesskillsandasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandproper繁荣;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothersandthusleadtoconflictitcannotbesaidthatwarlikeconflictamongnationsisinevitablealthoughcompetitionis. Accordingtotheauthorcompetitiondiffersfromconflictinthatitresultsinwarinmostcases.
Competition Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworldsgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestionitwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflictdefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanotherisdistinguishedfromcompetitiondefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanotherwhilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofoppositionwhichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperationtheprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresourcesbutconflictisnot.Conflictneverthelessisverylikelytooccurandisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties. Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspeciesonlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneralhoweverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetitionnotconflict.Socialanimalssuchasmonkeysandcattlefighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfightsbutinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancy占有ofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwarbutratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobsmarketsandmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall. Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresourcestradesskillsandasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandproper繁荣;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothersandthusleadtoconflictitcannotbesaidthatwarlikeconflictamongnationsisinevitablealthoughcompetitionis. Theauthorindicatesinthepassagethatconflictcanbeavoided.
TheAsianFluVirus In1957adoctorinSingaporenoticedthathospitalsweretreatinganunusualnumberofinfluenza-likecases.Influenzaissometimescalledfluorasbadcold.Hetookspecimensfromthethroatsofpatientsinhishospitalandwasabletofindthevirusofthisinfluenza. Therearethreemaintypesoftheinfluenzavirus.ThemostimportantofthesearetypesAandBeachofthemhavingseveralsub-groups.WiththeinstrumentsatthehospitalthedoctorrecognizedthattheoutbreakwasduetoavirusgroupAbuthedidnotknowthesub-group.HereportedtheoutbreaktotheWorldHealthOrganizationinGeneva.W.H.0.publishedtheimportantnewsalongsidereportsofasimilaroutbreakinHongKongwhereabout15%-20%ofthepopulationhadbecomeill. AssoonastheLondondoctorsreceivedthepackageofthroatsamplestheybeganthestandardtests.Theyfoundthatbyreproducingitselfataveryhighspeedthevirushadmultipliedmorethanamilliontimeswithintwodays.Continuingtheircarefulteststhedoctorscheckedtheeffectofdrugsusedagainstalltheknownsub-groupsoftypeAvirusonthisvirus.Noneofthemgaveanyprotection.Thisthenwassomethingnew:anewinfluenzavirusagainstwhichthepeopleoftheworldhadnoreadyhelpwhatsoever. Havingisolatedthevirustheywereworkingwiththetwodoctorsnowconductedtestsonsomespeciallyselectedanimalswhichcontractinfluenzainthesamewayashumanbeingsdo.Inashorttimetheusualsignsofthediseaseappeared.Theseexperimentsrevealedthatthenewvirusspreadeasilybutthatitwasnotakiller.ScientistslikegeneralpubliccalleditsimplyAsianflu. TheAsianfluvirus______.
Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatkerosenewaspreferabletowhaleoilbecausewhaleoilwastoo_______.
AIDS AIDSisAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome.Thehumanimmunodeficiencyvirus人类免疫缺损病毒calledHIVisbelievedtocauseAIDS.Thereisnocure.Peoplewhogetthediseasewilldie.AIDSitselfdoesnotkill.Howeveritattacksanddestroysthebody’’sdefensesystemthatfightsagainstinfection.Whenthishappensapersonhaslittleabilitytofightoffmanyotherdiseasesincludingpneumonia肺炎cancerandtuberculosis结核病. AnewstudysaysthenumberofwomenintheUnitedStateswithAIDShasincreasedsharply.ThestudysaysAIDSisincreasingfasteramongwomenthanamongmen.EighteenpercentofAIDSpatientsarewomen.Thisisalmost3timestherate10yearsago.MostwomengettheAIDSvirusfromhavingsexualrelationswithmen.Pregnantwomenwiththediseasecanpassittotheirbabies.TheeffectofAIDSinAmericaisgreatestinlargecities.AIDSistheleadingcauseofdeathamongallpeoplein79cities.Itistheleadingcauseofdeathamongwomenin15cities.TheseincludeNewYorkCityandMiamiFlorida. DoctorsintheUnitedStatesfirstnotedAIDS14yearsagoinhomosexual同性恋的meninNewYorkandCalifornia.IntheUnitedStatesAIDSspreadfirstamonghomosexualmen.Thenitappearedinpeoplewhosharedneedlestoputillegaldrugsintotheirblood.Italsoappearedinpeoplewhohadreceivedinfectedbloodproductsathospitals.TheAIDSvirusisspreadthroughtheexchangeofinfectedbloodorbodyfluidsreleasedduringsexualactivity.Itisalsospreadbyhavingsexualrelationswithsomeonewhohasthevirus.Anditisspreadbysharingdrugneedlesthathaveinfectedbloodonthem. AIDShasaffectedseveralfamousAmericanathletes.TwoyearsagoformertennisplayerArthurAshediedofthedisease.AtaboutthesametimeformerbasketballplayerMagicJohnsonannouncedthathehastheAIDSvirus.ThemostrecentathletetobeaffectedisGregoryLouganis.LouganiswonanumberofgoldmedalsinOlympicdivingcompetition.HeannouncedontelevisionthathehasAIDS.PresidentClintonmetwithLouganisandpraisedhimfordiscussinghissickness.Mr.Clintonsaiditisimportanttoeducatethepublic. ActivistshavesucceededineducatingAmericansaboutAIDSandthepeoplewhohaveit.TheyalsohavebeenurgingthefederalgovernmenttoincreaseeffortstofindacureforAIDS.ScientistsfirstidentifiedthevirusthatisbelievedtocauseAIDSin1983.Manyofthemthenthoughttheycouldproduceananti-AIDSvaccine痘苗.Suchamedicinecouldbegiventopeopletoprotectagainstthedisease.HoweverscientistsatAmericangovernmentagenciesuniversitiesanddrugcompanieshavefailedtoproduceananti-AIDSvaccine.Buttheyarecontinuingefforttofindbettertreatmentsforacure. WhyaresomemuseumsclosedinayearlyeventcalledDaywithoutArt?
Althoughyouarebusyyoumustallowforyourhealth.
热门题库
更多
语文
中石油职称英语
理工类
卫生类
综合类
国际货运代理师
报关水平测试
报检员
物流员(四级)
助理物流师(三级)
物流师(二级)
高级物流师(一级)
物流案例分析
单证员基础理论与知识
单证员缮制与操作
国际货运代理理论与实务
湘公网安备 43130202000226号