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第一篇 Gross National Happiness In the last century, new technology im...
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被白先勇评价为第一篇台湾中国作家受西方存在主义影响产生的第一篇探讨人类基本存在困境的小说是丛甦的哪部
《自由人》
《野宴》
《盲猎》
我国的第一篇论文学是文章是
鲁迅的第一篇小说是用文言写的1918年起他参加了和编辑活动这年五月他发表了中国现代文学史上第一篇小说
我国第一篇白话小说是鲁迅的作品
被认为是批判现实主义的第一篇宣言
第一篇记事详细完整的编年体史书是
被称为中国文学批评史上第一篇文论专篇
我国现代的第一篇白话小说是鲁迅作的呐喊
孙子兵法的第一篇是
《作战篇》
《计篇》
《谋攻篇》
鲁迅的第一篇小说是用写的
是伍尔芙的第一篇意识流作品
第一篇报告文学作品是
鲁迅先生创作的第一篇白话小说同时也是中国现代文学史上的第一篇白话小说是________这部小说写在_
法经的第一篇是______
绘画的第一篇浪漫主义宣言是指司汤达的
张天翼的第一篇小说是
是我国古代诗论的第一篇专著
标志着汉赋正式形成的第一篇作品是的
中国文学批评史上第一篇鉴赏论的专篇是
法经的第一篇和第二篇分别是____和____
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DomesticViolence Nearlythreein10menhaveexperiencedviolenceatthehandsofanintimatepartnerduringtheirlifetimeaccording_________51oneofthefewstudiestolookatdomesticviolenceandhealthamongmen. Manymenactuallydo_________52domesticviolencealthoughwedon’thearaboutitoften.Dr.RobertJReidoftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattleoneofthestudy’sauthorstoldReutersHealth.Theyoftendon’t_________53andwedon’task.Wewanttogetthemessageouttomenwhodoexperiencedomesticviolence_________54theyarenotaloneandthereareresourcesavailabletothem. Theresearchersaskedstudy_________55aboutphysicalabuse人身伤害andnon-physicalabusesuchas_________56thatmadethemfearfortheirsafetycontrollingbehaviorandconstantname-calling. Amongmen18to64yearsold14.2percentsaidtheyhadexperiencedintimatepartnerviolenceinthepastfiveyears_________576.1percentreporteddomesticviolenceinthepreviousyear. Rateswerelowerformen55andolderwith5.3percent_________58violenceinthepastfiveyearsand2.4percenthavingexperienceditinthepast12months. _________5930.5percentofmenyoungerthan55and26.5percentofoldermensaidtheyhadbeen_________60ofdomesticviolenceatsomepointintheirlives.Abouthalfofthe_________61themenexperiencedwasphysical. Howeverthephysicalviolencemenreportedwasn’tasharshasthat_________62bywomeninapreviousstudy;20percentto40percentofthemenrated_________63asseverecomparedwith61percentofwomen. Menwhoreportedexperiencingdomesticviolencehadmoreemotionalandmentalhealth_________64thanthosewhohadnot_________65oldermentheresearchersfound.
Itseemedincrediblethathehadbeenthereaweekalready.
DomesticViolence Nearlythreein10menhaveexperiencedviolenceatthehandsofanintimatepartnerduringtheirlifetimeaccording_________51oneofthefewstudiestolookatdomesticviolenceandhealthamongmen. Manymenactuallydo_________52domesticviolencealthoughwedon’thearaboutitoften.Dr.RobertJReidoftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattleoneofthestudy’sauthorstoldReutersHealth.Theyoftendon’t_________53andwedon’task.Wewanttogetthemessageouttomenwhodoexperiencedomesticviolence_________54theyarenotaloneandthereareresourcesavailabletothem. Theresearchersaskedstudy_________55aboutphysicalabuse人身伤害andnon-physicalabusesuchas_________56thatmadethemfearfortheirsafetycontrollingbehaviorandconstantname-calling. Amongmen18to64yearsold14.2percentsaidtheyhadexperiencedintimatepartnerviolenceinthepastfiveyears_________576.1percentreporteddomesticviolenceinthepreviousyear. Rateswerelowerformen55andolderwith5.3percent_________58violenceinthepastfiveyearsand2.4percenthavingexperienceditinthepast12months. _________5930.5percentofmenyoungerthan55and26.5percentofoldermensaidtheyhadbeen_________60ofdomesticviolenceatsomepointintheirlives.Abouthalfofthe_________61themenexperiencedwasphysical. Howeverthephysicalviolencemenreportedwasn’tasharshasthat_________62bywomeninapreviousstudy;20percentto40percentofthemenrated_________63asseverecomparedwith61percentofwomen. Menwhoreportedexperiencingdomesticviolencehadmoreemotionalandmentalhealth_________64thanthosewhohadnot_________65oldermentheresearchersfound.
DomesticViolence Nearlythreein10menhaveexperiencedviolenceatthehandsofanintimatepartnerduringtheirlifetimeaccording_________51oneofthefewstudiestolookatdomesticviolenceandhealthamongmen. Manymenactuallydo_________52domesticviolencealthoughwedon’thearaboutitoften.Dr.RobertJReidoftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattleoneofthestudy’sauthorstoldReutersHealth.Theyoftendon’t_________53andwedon’task.Wewanttogetthemessageouttomenwhodoexperiencedomesticviolence_________54theyarenotaloneandthereareresourcesavailabletothem. Theresearchersaskedstudy_________55aboutphysicalabuse人身伤害andnon-physicalabusesuchas_________56thatmadethemfearfortheirsafetycontrollingbehaviorandconstantname-calling. Amongmen18to64yearsold14.2percentsaidtheyhadexperiencedintimatepartnerviolenceinthepastfiveyears_________576.1percentreporteddomesticviolenceinthepreviousyear. Rateswerelowerformen55andolderwith5.3percent_________58violenceinthepastfiveyearsand2.4percenthavingexperienceditinthepast12months. _________5930.5percentofmenyoungerthan55and26.5percentofoldermensaidtheyhadbeen_________60ofdomesticviolenceatsomepointintheirlives.Abouthalfofthe_________61themenexperiencedwasphysical. Howeverthephysicalviolencemenreportedwasn’tasharshasthat_________62bywomeninapreviousstudy;20percentto40percentofthemenrated_________63asseverecomparedwith61percentofwomen. Menwhoreportedexperiencingdomesticviolencehadmoreemotionalandmentalhealth_________64thanthosewhohadnot_________65oldermentheresearchersfound.
Therewassomethingpeculiarinthewayhesmiles.
PromisingResultsfromCancerStudy Anewexperimentalvaccine疫苗hasshownpromisingresultsinthefightagainstlungcancer.InasmallTexas-basedstudyavaccinedevelopedbyscientistsatBaylorUniversityMedicalCentreinDallasUSAcuredlungcancerinsomepatientsandslowedtheprogressofthediseaseinothers. Researchershavereportedencouragingfindingsfromthissmallstudy.Forty-threepatientssufferingfromlungcancerwereinvolvedinthesetrials.Tenofthesepatientswereintheearlystagesandthirty-threeintheadvancedstagesofthedisease.Theywereinjectedwiththevaccineeverytwoweeksforthreemonthsandwerecarefullymonitoredforthreeyears.Inthreeofthepatientsintheadvancedstagesofcancerthediseasedisappearedandintheothersitdidnotspreadforfivetotwenty-fourmonths.Howevernogreatdifferencewasseeninthepatientsintheearlystagesoftheillness. Thisnewvaccineusesthepatients’ownimmunesystem.Itismadespecificallyforeachpatientandisinjectedintothearmorleg.Itstimulatesthebody’simmunesystemwhichthenrecognizesthatthecancercellsareharmfulandattacksanddestroysthem. Thevaccinecouldbeeffectiveagainstotherformsofcancer.Itoffersgreathopeforthetreatmentofcanceringeneralalthoughfurtherstudiesareneededbeforesuchtreatmentcanbewidelyused.Overfortypeopleparticipatedinthestudy.
Thepolicewillneedtokeepawaryeyeonthisareaoftown.
第三篇TheWorld’sBest-SellingMedicine Sinceancienttimespeopleallovertheworldhaveusedwillowtostoppain.Thewillowtreecontainssalicylicacid水杨酸.Thisstopspainbutthereisoneproblem.Salicylicacidalsohurtsthestomach.In1853aFrenchscientistmadeamixturefromwillowthatdidnothurtthestomach.Howeverhismixturewasdifficulttomakeandhedidnottrytoproduceorsellit. In1897inGermanyFelixHoffmannalsomadeamixturewithsalicylicacid.Hetriedithimselffirstandthengaveittohisfatherbecausehisfatherwasoldandinalotofpain.Hisfather’spainwentawayandthemixturedidnothurthisstomach. HoffmannworkedforBayeraGermancompany.Heshowedhisnewdrugtohismanagerwhotestedthedrugandfoundthatitworkedwell.Bayerdecidedtomakethedrug.TheycalleditaspirinandputtheBayernameoneverypill. Aspirinwasanimmediatesuccess.Almosteveryonehaspainofsomekindsoaspirinansweredatrueneed.Aspirinwascheapeasytotakeandeffectiveitalsoloweredfevers.Aspirinwasawonderdrug. AtfirstBayersoldthedrugthroughdoctorswhothensoldittotheirpatients.In1915thecompanystartedtosellaspirinindrugstores.IntheUnitedStatesBayerhadapatentonthedrug.OthercompaniescouldmakesimilarproductsandselltheminothercountriesbutonlyBayercouldmakeandsellaspirinintheUnitedStates.IntimeBayercouldnolongerownthenameaspirinintheUnitedStates.Othercompaniescouldmakeittheretoo.HoweverBayeraspirinwasthemostwellknownandformanyyearsitwasthemarketleader. Bythe1950snewpainkillerswereonthemarket.Aspirinwasnolongertheonlywaytotreatpainandreducefever.Bayerandothercompanieslookedforotherdrugstomake.Howeverinthe1970stheygotasurprise.Doctorsnoticedthatpatientswhoweretakingaspirinhadfewerheartattacksthanotherpeople.ABritishresearchernamedJohnVanefoundthereasonaspirinhelpedtopreventheartattacks.In1982hewontheNobelPrizeforhisresearch.Doctorsstartedtotellsomeoftheirpatientstotakeaspirineverydaytopreventheartattacks.Ithasmadelifebetterforthemanypeoplewhotakeit.IthasalsomadealotofmoneyforcompanieslikeBayerthatproduceandsellit!Bayerstartedmakingaspirinbecause
DomesticViolence Nearlythreein10menhaveexperiencedviolenceatthehandsofanintimatepartnerduringtheirlifetimeaccording_________51oneofthefewstudiestolookatdomesticviolenceandhealthamongmen. Manymenactuallydo_________52domesticviolencealthoughwedon’thearaboutitoften.Dr.RobertJReidoftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattleoneofthestudy’sauthorstoldReutersHealth.Theyoftendon’t_________53andwedon’task.Wewanttogetthemessageouttomenwhodoexperiencedomesticviolence_________54theyarenotaloneandthereareresourcesavailabletothem. Theresearchersaskedstudy_________55aboutphysicalabuse人身伤害andnon-physicalabusesuchas_________56thatmadethemfearfortheirsafetycontrollingbehaviorandconstantname-calling. Amongmen18to64yearsold14.2percentsaidtheyhadexperiencedintimatepartnerviolenceinthepastfiveyears_________576.1percentreporteddomesticviolenceinthepreviousyear. Rateswerelowerformen55andolderwith5.3percent_________58violenceinthepastfiveyearsand2.4percenthavingexperienceditinthepast12months. _________5930.5percentofmenyoungerthan55and26.5percentofoldermensaidtheyhadbeen_________60ofdomesticviolenceatsomepointintheirlives.Abouthalfofthe_________61themenexperiencedwasphysical. Howeverthephysicalviolencemenreportedwasn’tasharshasthat_________62bywomeninapreviousstudy;20percentto40percentofthemenrated_________63asseverecomparedwith61percentofwomen. Menwhoreportedexperiencingdomesticviolencehadmoreemotionalandmentalhealth_________64thanthosewhohadnot_________65oldermentheresearchersfound.
第三篇TheWorld’sBest-SellingMedicine Sinceancienttimespeopleallovertheworldhaveusedwillowtostoppain.Thewillowtreecontainssalicylicacid水杨酸.Thisstopspainbutthereisoneproblem.Salicylicacidalsohurtsthestomach.In1853aFrenchscientistmadeamixturefromwillowthatdidnothurtthestomach.Howeverhismixturewasdifficulttomakeandhedidnottrytoproduceorsellit. In1897inGermanyFelixHoffmannalsomadeamixturewithsalicylicacid.Hetriedithimselffirstandthengaveittohisfatherbecausehisfatherwasoldandinalotofpain.Hisfather’spainwentawayandthemixturedidnothurthisstomach. HoffmannworkedforBayeraGermancompany.Heshowedhisnewdrugtohismanagerwhotestedthedrugandfoundthatitworkedwell.Bayerdecidedtomakethedrug.TheycalleditaspirinandputtheBayernameoneverypill. Aspirinwasanimmediatesuccess.Almosteveryonehaspainofsomekindsoaspirinansweredatrueneed.Aspirinwascheapeasytotakeandeffectiveitalsoloweredfevers.Aspirinwasawonderdrug. AtfirstBayersoldthedrugthroughdoctorswhothensoldittotheirpatients.In1915thecompanystartedtosellaspirinindrugstores.IntheUnitedStatesBayerhadapatentonthedrug.OthercompaniescouldmakesimilarproductsandselltheminothercountriesbutonlyBayercouldmakeandsellaspirinintheUnitedStates.IntimeBayercouldnolongerownthenameaspirinintheUnitedStates.Othercompaniescouldmakeittheretoo.HoweverBayeraspirinwasthemostwellknownandformanyyearsitwasthemarketleader. Bythe1950snewpainkillerswereonthemarket.Aspirinwasnolongertheonlywaytotreatpainandreducefever.Bayerandothercompanieslookedforotherdrugstomake.Howeverinthe1970stheygotasurprise.Doctorsnoticedthatpatientswhoweretakingaspirinhadfewerheartattacksthanotherpeople.ABritishresearchernamedJohnVanefoundthereasonaspirinhelpedtopreventheartattacks.In1982hewontheNobelPrizeforhisresearch.Doctorsstartedtotellsomeoftheirpatientstotakeaspirineverydaytopreventheartattacks.Ithasmadelifebetterforthemanypeoplewhotakeit.IthasalsomadealotofmoneyforcompanieslikeBayerthatproduceandsellit!Whathashappenedtoaspirinsincenewpainkillerscameonthemarket?
第一篇TheDevelopmentofBallet Balletisadanceformthathasalonghistory.Thefactthatitsurvivestothisdayshowsthatithasadjustedastimeshavechanged. BalletbeganintheroyalcourtsduringtheRenaissance.Atthattimeitbecamecommonforkingsandqueensaswellasothernobilitytoparticipateinpageantsthatincludedmusicpoetryanddance.AstheseentertainmentsmovedfromtheItaliancourtstotheFrenchonescourtladiesbeganparticipatinginthem.Thoughtheirlongdressespreventedmuchmovementtheywereabletoperformelaboratewalkingpatterns.Itwasnotuntilthe1600sthatwomendancersshortenedtheirskirtschangedtoflatshoesandbegandoingsomeoftheleapsandturnsperformedbymen. Itwasalsointhe1600sthatprofessionalballetbegan.KingLouisXIVofFrancehimselfadevoteddancerfoundedtheRoyalAcademyofDance.Thefivebasicfeetpositionsfromwhichallballetstepsbeginwerefinalized.Inthelate1700sanotherimportantchangeoccurred.Balletbegantotellastoryonitsown.Itwasnolongersimplydancetobeperformedbetweenactsofplays.Elaboratewigsandcostumeswereeliminated.Bytheearly1800sdancerstoriseontheirtoestomakeitappearthatwerefloating. ClassicalballetasweknowittodaywasinfluencedprimarilybyRussiandancing.TheRussiansremainedinterestedinballetwhenitdeclinedinotherEuropeancountriesinthemid-1800s.Oneofthemostinfluentialfiguresoftheearly20thcenturywasSergeiDiaghilev.HisdancecompanytheBalletsRussesbroughtanewenergyandexcitementtoballet.OneofhischiefassistantsGeorgeBalanchinewentontofoundtheNewYorkCityBalletin1948andtoinfluencenewgenerationsofdancers.Wecanconcludefromthispassagethatballet
第二篇Late-nightDrinking Coffeeloversbecareful.Havingaquickpick-me-upcupofcoffeelateinthedaywillinterruptyoursleep.Aswellasbeingastimulant兴奋剂caffeineinterruptstheflowofmelatonin褪黑激素thebrainhormonethatsendspeopleintoasleep. Melatoninlevelsnormallystarttoriseabouttwohoursbeforebedtime.Levelsthenpeakbetween2amand4ambeforefallingagain.It’stheneurohormone神经激素thatcontrolsoursleepandtellsourbodywhentosleepandwhentowakesaysMauriceOhayonoftheStanfordSteepEpidemiologyResearchCenteratStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.ButresearchersinIsraelhavefoundthatcaffeinatedcoffeehalvesthebody’slevelsofthissleephormone. LotanShitoandateamattheSapirMedicalCenterinTelAvivUniversityfoundthatsixvolunteerssleptlesswellafteracupofcaffeinatedcoffeethanafterdrinkingthesameamountofdecaf脱咖啡因咖啡.Onaveragesubjectsslept336minutespernightafterdrinkingcaffeinatedcoffeecomparedwith415minutesafterdecaf.Theyalsotookhalfanhourtodropofftwiceaslongasusual. Inthesecondphaseoftheexperimenttheresearcherswokethevolunteerseverythreehoursandaskedthemtogiveaurine尿sample.Shilomeasuredconcentrationsofabreakdownproductofmelatonin.Theresultssuggestthatmelatoninconcentrationsincaffeinedrinkerswerehalfthoseindecafdrinkers.InapaperacceptedforpublicationinSleepMedicinetheresearcherssuggestthatcaffeineblocksproductionoftheenzyme餘thatdrivesmelatoninproduction. BecauseitcantakemanyhourstoeliminatecaffeinefromthebodyOhayonrecommendsthatcoffeeloversswitchtodecafafterlunch.Whichofthefollowingtellsushowcaffeineaffectssleep?
Makesurethetableissecurelyanchored.
Rumorsbegantocirculateabouthisfinancialproblems.
Theseanimalsmigratesouthannuallyinsearchoffood.
PromisingResultsfromCancerStudy Anewexperimentalvaccine疫苗hasshownpromisingresultsinthefightagainstlungcancer.InasmallTexas-basedstudyavaccinedevelopedbyscientistsatBaylorUniversityMedicalCentreinDallasUSAcuredlungcancerinsomepatientsandslowedtheprogressofthediseaseinothers. Researchershavereportedencouragingfindingsfromthissmallstudy.Forty-threepatientssufferingfromlungcancerwereinvolvedinthesetrials.Tenofthesepatientswereintheearlystagesandthirty-threeintheadvancedstagesofthedisease.Theywereinjectedwiththevaccineeverytwoweeksforthreemonthsandwerecarefullymonitoredforthreeyears.Inthreeofthepatientsintheadvancedstagesofcancerthediseasedisappearedandintheothersitdidnotspreadforfivetotwenty-fourmonths.Howevernogreatdifferencewasseeninthepatientsintheearlystagesoftheillness. Thisnewvaccineusesthepatients’ownimmunesystem.Itismadespecificallyforeachpatientandisinjectedintothearmorleg.Itstimulatesthebody’simmunesystemwhichthenrecognizesthatthecancercellsareharmfulandattacksanddestroysthem. Thevaccinecouldbeeffectiveagainstotherformsofcancer.Itoffersgreathopeforthetreatmentofcanceringeneralalthoughfurtherstudiesareneededbeforesuchtreatmentcanbewidelyused.Thevaccineactivatestheimmunesystem.
DomesticViolence Nearlythreein10menhaveexperiencedviolenceatthehandsofanintimatepartnerduringtheirlifetimeaccording_________51oneofthefewstudiestolookatdomesticviolenceandhealthamongmen. Manymenactuallydo_________52domesticviolencealthoughwedon’thearaboutitoften.Dr.RobertJReidoftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattleoneofthestudy’sauthorstoldReutersHealth.Theyoftendon’t_________53andwedon’task.Wewanttogetthemessageouttomenwhodoexperiencedomesticviolence_________54theyarenotaloneandthereareresourcesavailabletothem. Theresearchersaskedstudy_________55aboutphysicalabuse人身伤害andnon-physicalabusesuchas_________56thatmadethemfearfortheirsafetycontrollingbehaviorandconstantname-calling. Amongmen18to64yearsold14.2percentsaidtheyhadexperiencedintimatepartnerviolenceinthepastfiveyears_________576.1percentreporteddomesticviolenceinthepreviousyear. Rateswerelowerformen55andolderwith5.3percent_________58violenceinthepastfiveyearsand2.4percenthavingexperienceditinthepast12months. _________5930.5percentofmenyoungerthan55and26.5percentofoldermensaidtheyhadbeen_________60ofdomesticviolenceatsomepointintheirlives.Abouthalfofthe_________61themenexperiencedwasphysical. Howeverthephysicalviolencemenreportedwasn’tasharshasthat_________62bywomeninapreviousstudy;20percentto40percentofthemenrated_________63asseverecomparedwith61percentofwomen. Menwhoreportedexperiencingdomesticviolencehadmoreemotionalandmentalhealth_________64thanthosewhohadnot_________65oldermentheresearchersfound.
DomesticViolence Nearlythreein10menhaveexperiencedviolenceatthehandsofanintimatepartnerduringtheirlifetimeaccording_________51oneofthefewstudiestolookatdomesticviolenceandhealthamongmen. Manymenactuallydo_________52domesticviolencealthoughwedon’thearaboutitoften.Dr.RobertJReidoftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattleoneofthestudy’sauthorstoldReutersHealth.Theyoftendon’t_________53andwedon’task.Wewanttogetthemessageouttomenwhodoexperiencedomesticviolence_________54theyarenotaloneandthereareresourcesavailabletothem. Theresearchersaskedstudy_________55aboutphysicalabuse人身伤害andnon-physicalabusesuchas_________56thatmadethemfearfortheirsafetycontrollingbehaviorandconstantname-calling. Amongmen18to64yearsold14.2percentsaidtheyhadexperiencedintimatepartnerviolenceinthepastfiveyears_________576.1percentreporteddomesticviolenceinthepreviousyear. Rateswerelowerformen55andolderwith5.3percent_________58violenceinthepastfiveyearsand2.4percenthavingexperienceditinthepast12months. _________5930.5percentofmenyoungerthan55and26.5percentofoldermensaidtheyhadbeen_________60ofdomesticviolenceatsomepointintheirlives.Abouthalfofthe_________61themenexperiencedwasphysical. Howeverthephysicalviolencemenreportedwasn’tasharshasthat_________62bywomeninapreviousstudy;20percentto40percentofthemenrated_________63asseverecomparedwith61percentofwomen. Menwhoreportedexperiencingdomesticviolencehadmoreemotionalandmentalhealth_________64thanthosewhohadnot_________65oldermentheresearchersfound.
PromisingResultsfromCancerStudy Anewexperimentalvaccine疫苗hasshownpromisingresultsinthefightagainstlungcancer.InasmallTexas-basedstudyavaccinedevelopedbyscientistsatBaylorUniversityMedicalCentreinDallasUSAcuredlungcancerinsomepatientsandslowedtheprogressofthediseaseinothers. Researchershavereportedencouragingfindingsfromthissmallstudy.Forty-threepatientssufferingfromlungcancerwereinvolvedinthesetrials.Tenofthesepatientswereintheearlystagesandthirty-threeintheadvancedstagesofthedisease.Theywereinjectedwiththevaccineeverytwoweeksforthreemonthsandwerecarefullymonitoredforthreeyears.Inthreeofthepatientsintheadvancedstagesofcancerthediseasedisappearedandintheothersitdidnotspreadforfivetotwenty-fourmonths.Howevernogreatdifferencewasseeninthepatientsintheearlystagesoftheillness. Thisnewvaccineusesthepatients’ownimmunesystem.Itismadespecificallyforeachpatientandisinjectedintothearmorleg.Itstimulatesthebody’simmunesystemwhichthenrecognizesthatthecancercellsareharmfulandattacksanddestroysthem. Thevaccinecouldbeeffectiveagainstotherformsofcancer.Itoffersgreathopeforthetreatmentofcanceringeneralalthoughfurtherstudiesareneededbeforesuchtreatmentcanbewidelyused.AllthepatientswerefromDallas.
第二篇Late-nightDrinking Coffeeloversbecareful.Havingaquickpick-me-upcupofcoffeelateinthedaywillinterruptyoursleep.Aswellasbeingastimulant兴奋剂caffeineinterruptstheflowofmelatonin褪黑激素thebrainhormonethatsendspeopleintoasleep. Melatoninlevelsnormallystarttoriseabouttwohoursbeforebedtime.Levelsthenpeakbetween2amand4ambeforefallingagain.It’stheneurohormone神经激素thatcontrolsoursleepandtellsourbodywhentosleepandwhentowakesaysMauriceOhayonoftheStanfordSteepEpidemiologyResearchCenteratStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.ButresearchersinIsraelhavefoundthatcaffeinatedcoffeehalvesthebody’slevelsofthissleephormone. LotanShitoandateamattheSapirMedicalCenterinTelAvivUniversityfoundthatsixvolunteerssleptlesswellafteracupofcaffeinatedcoffeethanafterdrinkingthesameamountofdecaf脱咖啡因咖啡.Onaveragesubjectsslept336minutespernightafterdrinkingcaffeinatedcoffeecomparedwith415minutesafterdecaf.Theyalsotookhalfanhourtodropofftwiceaslongasusual. Inthesecondphaseoftheexperimenttheresearcherswokethevolunteerseverythreehoursandaskedthemtogiveaurine尿sample.Shilomeasuredconcentrationsofabreakdownproductofmelatonin.Theresultssuggestthatmelatoninconcentrationsincaffeinedrinkerswerehalfthoseindecafdrinkers.InapaperacceptedforpublicationinSleepMedicinetheresearcherssuggestthatcaffeineblocksproductionoftheenzyme餘thatdrivesmelatoninproduction. BecauseitcantakemanyhourstoeliminatecaffeinefromthebodyOhayonrecommendsthatcoffeeloversswitchtodecafafterlunch.TheexperimentmentionedinParagraph4findsthatcaffeinedrinkers
第一篇Don’tDrinkAloneGetsNewMeaning InwhatmaybebadnewsforbarsandpubsaEuropeanresearchgrouphasfoundthatpeopledrinkingalcoholoutsideofmealshaveasignificantlyhigherriskofcancerinthemouthandneckthandothosetakingtheirlibationswithfood.LuiginoDalMasoandhiscolleaguesstudiedthedrinkingpatternsof1500patientsfromfourcancerstudiesandanother3500adultswhohadneverhadcancer. Aftertheresearchersaccountedfortheamountofalcoholconsumedtheyfoundthatindividualswhodownedasignificantshareoftheiralcoholoutsideofmealsfacedatleasta50to80percentriskofcancerintheoralcavitypharynxandesophaguswhencomparedwithpeoplewhodrankonlyatmeals.Consumingalcoholwithoutfoodalsoincreasedbyatleast20percentthelikelihoodoflaryngealcancer.Roughly95percentofcancersatthesefoursitestracedtosmokingordrinkingbythestudyvolunteersDalMasosays.Thediscouragingnewshisteamreportsisthatdrinkingwithmealsdidn’teliminatecancerriskatanyofthesites. FortheirnewanalysistheEuropeanscientistsdividedpeopleinthestudyintofourgroupsbasedonhowmanydrinkstheyreportedhavinginanaverageweek.Thelowest-intakegroupincludedpeoplewhoaveragedupto20drinksaweek.Thehighestgroupreporteddowningatleast56servingsofalcoholweeklyforanaverageofeightormoreperday.Cancerrisksforthemouthandnecksitesrosesteadilywithconsumptionevenforpeoplewhoreporteddrinkingonlywithmeals.Forinstancecomparedwithpeopleinthelowest-consumptiongroupparticipantswhodrank21to34alcoholservingsaweekatleastdoubledtheircancerriskforallsitesotherthanthelarynx.Ifpeopleintheseconsumptiongroupstooksomeofthosedrinksoutsidemealsthoseinthehigherconsumptiongroupatleastquadrupledtheirriskfororalcavityandesophagealcancers. Peopleinthehighest-consumptiongroupwhodrankonlywithmealshad10timestheriskoforalcancer7timestheriskofpharyngealcancerand16timestheriskofesophagealcancercomparedwiththosewhoaveraged20orfewerdrinksaweekwithmeals.Incontrastlaryngealcancerriskinthehigh-intakewith-meals-onlygroupwasonlytriplethatinthelow-intakeconsumerswhodrankwithmeals. Alcoholcaninflametissues.Overtimethatinflammationcantriggercancer.DalMasosays.Hesuspectsthatfoodreducedcancerriskeitherbypartiallycoatingdigestive-tracttissuesorbyscrubbingalcoholoffthosetissues.Hespeculatesthatthereasonlaryngealrisksweredramaticallylowerforallstudyparticipantstracestothetissue’slowerexposuretoalcohol.Howmanydrinksdothelowest-intakegroupaverageperweek?
第一篇Don’tDrinkAloneGetsNewMeaning InwhatmaybebadnewsforbarsandpubsaEuropeanresearchgrouphasfoundthatpeopledrinkingalcoholoutsideofmealshaveasignificantlyhigherriskofcancerinthemouthandneckthandothosetakingtheirlibationswithfood.LuiginoDalMasoandhiscolleaguesstudiedthedrinkingpatternsof1500patientsfromfourcancerstudiesandanother3500adultswhohadneverhadcancer. Aftertheresearchersaccountedfortheamountofalcoholconsumedtheyfoundthatindividualswhodownedasignificantshareoftheiralcoholoutsideofmealsfacedatleasta50to80percentriskofcancerintheoralcavitypharynxandesophaguswhencomparedwithpeoplewhodrankonlyatmeals.Consumingalcoholwithoutfoodalsoincreasedbyatleast20percentthelikelihoodoflaryngealcancer.Roughly95percentofcancersatthesefoursitestracedtosmokingordrinkingbythestudyvolunteersDalMasosays.Thediscouragingnewshisteamreportsisthatdrinkingwithmealsdidn’teliminatecancerriskatanyofthesites. FortheirnewanalysistheEuropeanscientistsdividedpeopleinthestudyintofourgroupsbasedonhowmanydrinkstheyreportedhavinginanaverageweek.Thelowest-intakegroupincludedpeoplewhoaveragedupto20drinksaweek.Thehighestgroupreporteddowningatleast56servingsofalcoholweeklyforanaverageofeightormoreperday.Cancerrisksforthemouthandnecksitesrosesteadilywithconsumptionevenforpeoplewhoreporteddrinkingonlywithmeals.Forinstancecomparedwithpeopleinthelowest-consumptiongroupparticipantswhodrank21to34alcoholservingsaweekatleastdoubledtheircancerriskforallsitesotherthanthelarynx.Ifpeopleintheseconsumptiongroupstooksomeofthosedrinksoutsidemealsthoseinthehigherconsumptiongroupatleastquadrupledtheirriskfororalcavityandesophagealcancers. Peopleinthehighest-consumptiongroupwhodrankonlywithmealshad10timestheriskoforalcancer7timestheriskofpharyngealcancerand16timestheriskofesophagealcancercomparedwiththosewhoaveraged20orfewerdrinksaweekwithmeals.Incontrastlaryngealcancerriskinthehigh-intakewith-meals-onlygroupwasonlytriplethatinthelow-intakeconsumerswhodrankwithmeals. Alcoholcaninflametissues.Overtimethatinflammationcantriggercancer.DalMasosays.Hesuspectsthatfoodreducedcancerriskeitherbypartiallycoatingdigestive-tracttissuesorbyscrubbingalcoholoffthosetissues.Hespeculatesthatthereasonlaryngealrisksweredramaticallylowerforallstudyparticipantstracestothetissue’slowerexposuretoalcohol.Whoaremorelikelytodevelopcancerinthemouthandneck?
第一篇TheDevelopmentofBallet Balletisadanceformthathasalonghistory.Thefactthatitsurvivestothisdayshowsthatithasadjustedastimeshavechanged. BalletbeganintheroyalcourtsduringtheRenaissance.Atthattimeitbecamecommonforkingsandqueensaswellasothernobilitytoparticipateinpageantsthatincludedmusicpoetryanddance.AstheseentertainmentsmovedfromtheItaliancourtstotheFrenchonescourtladiesbeganparticipatinginthem.Thoughtheirlongdressespreventedmuchmovementtheywereabletoperformelaboratewalkingpatterns.Itwasnotuntilthe1600sthatwomendancersshortenedtheirskirtschangedtoflatshoesandbegandoingsomeoftheleapsandturnsperformedbymen. Itwasalsointhe1600sthatprofessionalballetbegan.KingLouisXIVofFrancehimselfadevoteddancerfoundedtheRoyalAcademyofDance.Thefivebasicfeetpositionsfromwhichallballetstepsbeginwerefinalized.Inthelate1700sanotherimportantchangeoccurred.Balletbegantotellastoryonitsown.Itwasnolongersimplydancetobeperformedbetweenactsofplays.Elaboratewigsandcostumeswereeliminated.Bytheearly1800sdancerstoriseontheirtoestomakeitappearthatwerefloating. ClassicalballetasweknowittodaywasinfluencedprimarilybyRussiandancing.TheRussiansremainedinterestedinballetwhenitdeclinedinotherEuropeancountriesinthemid-1800s.Oneofthemostinfluentialfiguresoftheearly20thcenturywasSergeiDiaghilev.HisdancecompanytheBalletsRussesbroughtanewenergyandexcitementtoballet.OneofhischiefassistantsGeorgeBalanchinewentontofoundtheNewYorkCityBalletin1948andtoinfluencenewgenerationsofdancers.Professionalballetwasfirstperformedin
第一篇Don’tDrinkAloneGetsNewMeaning InwhatmaybebadnewsforbarsandpubsaEuropeanresearchgrouphasfoundthatpeopledrinkingalcoholoutsideofmealshaveasignificantlyhigherriskofcancerinthemouthandneckthandothosetakingtheirlibationswithfood.LuiginoDalMasoandhiscolleaguesstudiedthedrinkingpatternsof1500patientsfromfourcancerstudiesandanother3500adultswhohadneverhadcancer. Aftertheresearchersaccountedfortheamountofalcoholconsumedtheyfoundthatindividualswhodownedasignificantshareoftheiralcoholoutsideofmealsfacedatleasta50to80percentriskofcancerintheoralcavitypharynxandesophaguswhencomparedwithpeoplewhodrankonlyatmeals.Consumingalcoholwithoutfoodalsoincreasedbyatleast20percentthelikelihoodoflaryngealcancer.Roughly95percentofcancersatthesefoursitestracedtosmokingordrinkingbythestudyvolunteersDalMasosays.Thediscouragingnewshisteamreportsisthatdrinkingwithmealsdidn’teliminatecancerriskatanyofthesites. FortheirnewanalysistheEuropeanscientistsdividedpeopleinthestudyintofourgroupsbasedonhowmanydrinkstheyreportedhavinginanaverageweek.Thelowest-intakegroupincludedpeoplewhoaveragedupto20drinksaweek.Thehighestgroupreporteddowningatleast56servingsofalcoholweeklyforanaverageofeightormoreperday.Cancerrisksforthemouthandnecksitesrosesteadilywithconsumptionevenforpeoplewhoreporteddrinkingonlywithmeals.Forinstancecomparedwithpeopleinthelowest-consumptiongroupparticipantswhodrank21to34alcoholservingsaweekatleastdoubledtheircancerriskforallsitesotherthanthelarynx.Ifpeopleintheseconsumptiongroupstooksomeofthosedrinksoutsidemealsthoseinthehigherconsumptiongroupatleastquadrupledtheirriskfororalcavityandesophagealcancers. Peopleinthehighest-consumptiongroupwhodrankonlywithmealshad10timestheriskoforalcancer7timestheriskofpharyngealcancerand16timestheriskofesophagealcancercomparedwiththosewhoaveraged20orfewerdrinksaweekwithmeals.Incontrastlaryngealcancerriskinthehigh-intakewith-meals-onlygroupwasonlytriplethatinthelow-intakeconsumerswhodrankwithmeals. Alcoholcaninflametissues.Overtimethatinflammationcantriggercancer.DalMasosays.Hesuspectsthatfoodreducedcancerriskeitherbypartiallycoatingdigestive-tracttissuesorbyscrubbingalcoholoffthosetissues.Hespeculatesthatthereasonlaryngealrisksweredramaticallylowerforallstudyparticipantstracestothetissue’slowerexposuretoalcohol.Accordingtothelastparagraphtissue’slowerexposuretoalcohol
第一篇TheDevelopmentofBallet Balletisadanceformthathasalonghistory.Thefactthatitsurvivestothisdayshowsthatithasadjustedastimeshavechanged. BalletbeganintheroyalcourtsduringtheRenaissance.Atthattimeitbecamecommonforkingsandqueensaswellasothernobilitytoparticipateinpageantsthatincludedmusicpoetryanddance.AstheseentertainmentsmovedfromtheItaliancourtstotheFrenchonescourtladiesbeganparticipatinginthem.Thoughtheirlongdressespreventedmuchmovementtheywereabletoperformelaboratewalkingpatterns.Itwasnotuntilthe1600sthatwomendancersshortenedtheirskirtschangedtoflatshoesandbegandoingsomeoftheleapsandturnsperformedbymen. Itwasalsointhe1600sthatprofessionalballetbegan.KingLouisXIVofFrancehimselfadevoteddancerfoundedtheRoyalAcademyofDance.Thefivebasicfeetpositionsfromwhichallballetstepsbeginwerefinalized.Inthelate1700sanotherimportantchangeoccurred.Balletbegantotellastoryonitsown.Itwasnolongersimplydancetobeperformedbetweenactsofplays.Elaboratewigsandcostumeswereeliminated.Bytheearly1800sdancerstoriseontheirtoestomakeitappearthatwerefloating. ClassicalballetasweknowittodaywasinfluencedprimarilybyRussiandancing.TheRussiansremainedinterestedinballetwhenitdeclinedinotherEuropeancountriesinthemid-1800s.Oneofthemostinfluentialfiguresoftheearly20thcenturywasSergeiDiaghilev.HisdancecompanytheBalletsRussesbroughtanewenergyandexcitementtoballet.OneofhischiefassistantsGeorgeBalanchinewentontofoundtheNewYorkCityBalletin1948andtoinfluencenewgenerationsofdancers.Thispassagedealsmainlywith
Ihavelittleinformationasregardsherfitnessforthepost.
DomesticViolence Nearlythreein10menhaveexperiencedviolenceatthehandsofanintimatepartnerduringtheirlifetimeaccording_________51oneofthefewstudiestolookatdomesticviolenceandhealthamongmen. Manymenactuallydo_________52domesticviolencealthoughwedon’thearaboutitoften.Dr.RobertJReidoftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattleoneofthestudy’sauthorstoldReutersHealth.Theyoftendon’t_________53andwedon’task.Wewanttogetthemessageouttomenwhodoexperiencedomesticviolence_________54theyarenotaloneandthereareresourcesavailabletothem. Theresearchersaskedstudy_________55aboutphysicalabuse人身伤害andnon-physicalabusesuchas_________56thatmadethemfearfortheirsafetycontrollingbehaviorandconstantname-calling. Amongmen18to64yearsold14.2percentsaidtheyhadexperiencedintimatepartnerviolenceinthepastfiveyears_________576.1percentreporteddomesticviolenceinthepreviousyear. Rateswerelowerformen55andolderwith5.3percent_________58violenceinthepastfiveyearsand2.4percenthavingexperienceditinthepast12months. _________5930.5percentofmenyoungerthan55and26.5percentofoldermensaidtheyhadbeen_________60ofdomesticviolenceatsomepointintheirlives.Abouthalfofthe_________61themenexperiencedwasphysical. Howeverthephysicalviolencemenreportedwasn’tasharshasthat_________62bywomeninapreviousstudy;20percentto40percentofthemenrated_________63asseverecomparedwith61percentofwomen. Menwhoreportedexperiencingdomesticviolencehadmoreemotionalandmentalhealth_________64thanthosewhohadnot_________65oldermentheresearchersfound.
Hewastemptedbythehighsalaryofferedbythecompany.
第三篇TheWorld’sBest-SellingMedicine Sinceancienttimespeopleallovertheworldhaveusedwillowtostoppain.Thewillowtreecontainssalicylicacid水杨酸.Thisstopspainbutthereisoneproblem.Salicylicacidalsohurtsthestomach.In1853aFrenchscientistmadeamixturefromwillowthatdidnothurtthestomach.Howeverhismixturewasdifficulttomakeandhedidnottrytoproduceorsellit. In1897inGermanyFelixHoffmannalsomadeamixturewithsalicylicacid.Hetriedithimselffirstandthengaveittohisfatherbecausehisfatherwasoldandinalotofpain.Hisfather’spainwentawayandthemixturedidnothurthisstomach. HoffmannworkedforBayeraGermancompany.Heshowedhisnewdrugtohismanagerwhotestedthedrugandfoundthatitworkedwell.Bayerdecidedtomakethedrug.TheycalleditaspirinandputtheBayernameoneverypill. Aspirinwasanimmediatesuccess.Almosteveryonehaspainofsomekindsoaspirinansweredatrueneed.Aspirinwascheapeasytotakeandeffectiveitalsoloweredfevers.Aspirinwasawonderdrug. AtfirstBayersoldthedrugthroughdoctorswhothensoldittotheirpatients.In1915thecompanystartedtosellaspirinindrugstores.IntheUnitedStatesBayerhadapatentonthedrug.OthercompaniescouldmakesimilarproductsandselltheminothercountriesbutonlyBayercouldmakeandsellaspirinintheUnitedStates.IntimeBayercouldnolongerownthenameaspirinintheUnitedStates.Othercompaniescouldmakeittheretoo.HoweverBayeraspirinwasthemostwellknownandformanyyearsitwasthemarketleader. Bythe1950snewpainkillerswereonthemarket.Aspirinwasnolongertheonlywaytotreatpainandreducefever.Bayerandothercompanieslookedforotherdrugstomake.Howeverinthe1970stheygotasurprise.Doctorsnoticedthatpatientswhoweretakingaspirinhadfewerheartattacksthanotherpeople.ABritishresearchernamedJohnVanefoundthereasonaspirinhelpedtopreventheartattacks.In1982hewontheNobelPrizeforhisresearch.Doctorsstartedtotellsomeoftheirpatientstotakeaspirineverydaytopreventheartattacks.Ithasmadelifebetterforthemanypeoplewhotakeit.IthasalsomadealotofmoneyforcompanieslikeBayerthatproduceandsellit!Whydidn’ttheFrenchscientistcontinuetomakethemedicinethatstoppedpain?
PromisingResultsfromCancerStudy Anewexperimentalvaccine疫苗hasshownpromisingresultsinthefightagainstlungcancer.InasmallTexas-basedstudyavaccinedevelopedbyscientistsatBaylorUniversityMedicalCentreinDallasUSAcuredlungcancerinsomepatientsandslowedtheprogressofthediseaseinothers. Researchershavereportedencouragingfindingsfromthissmallstudy.Forty-threepatientssufferingfromlungcancerwereinvolvedinthesetrials.Tenofthesepatientswereintheearlystagesandthirty-threeintheadvancedstagesofthedisease.Theywereinjectedwiththevaccineeverytwoweeksforthreemonthsandwerecarefullymonitoredforthreeyears.Inthreeofthepatientsintheadvancedstagesofcancerthediseasedisappearedandintheothersitdidnotspreadforfivetotwenty-fourmonths.Howevernogreatdifferencewasseeninthepatientsintheearlystagesoftheillness. Thisnewvaccineusesthepatients’ownimmunesystem.Itismadespecificallyforeachpatientandisinjectedintothearmorleg.Itstimulatesthebody’simmunesystemwhichthenrecognizesthatthecancercellsareharmfulandattacksanddestroysthem. Thevaccinecouldbeeffectiveagainstotherformsofcancer.Itoffersgreathopeforthetreatmentofcanceringeneralalthoughfurtherstudiesareneededbeforesuchtreatmentcanbewidelyused.Thevaccineactivatestheimmunesystem.
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