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2. Yoga and Health There are many ways to stay healthy and combat stress. Long before television wa...
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2.YogaandHealthTherearemanywaystostayhealthyandcom
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A.tofindjobsB.todolow-skilllobsC.tofeeditspeopleD.tohandledisputesE.tomakeaprofitF.toworryabouttheBritisheconomyEverycountryhasitsownway______.
WhatMakesaSoccerPlayerGreatSoccerisplayedbymillionsofpeopleallovertheworldhuttherehaveonlybeenfewplayerswhoweretrulygreat.Howdidtheseplayersgetthatway-wasitthroughtrainingandpracticeoraregreatplayersbornnotmadeFirsttheseplayerscamefromplacesthathavehadfamousstarsinthepast-playersthatayoungboycanlookuptoandtrytoimitate.Inthehistoryofsocceronlysix.countrieshaveeverwontheWorldCup-threefromSouthAmericaandthreefromwesternEurope.Therehasneverbeenagreatnationalteam-orareallygreatplayer-fromNorthAmericaorfromAsia.Secondtheseplayershaveallhadyearsofpracticeinthegame.AlfredoDiStefanowasthesonofasoccerplayeraswasPele.Mostplayersbeginplayingthegameattheageofthreeorfour.Finallymanygreatplayerscomefromthesamekindofneighborhood-apoorcrowdedareawhereaboy’sdreamisnottobeadoctorlawyerorbusinessmanbuttobecomearichfamousathleteorentertainer.ForexampleLiverpoolwhichproducedtheBeetleshadoneofthebestEnglishsoccerteamsinrecentyears.Pelepracticedinthestreetwithaballmadeofrags.AndGeorgeBestlearnedthetricksthatmadehimfamousbybouncingtheballoffawallintheslumsofBelfast.Allgreatplayershavealotincommonhutthatdoesn’texplainwhytheyaregreat.HundredsofboysplayedinthoseBrazilianstreetsbutonlyonebecamePele.Thegreatestplayersarebornwithsomeuniquequalitythatsetsthemapartfromalltheothers.Inthelastparagraphthestatement...butonlyonebecamePeleindicatesthat______.
LookforFriendshipinCyberspaceInsomanywayscyberspacemirrorstherealworld.Peopleaskforinformationplaygamesandsharehobbytips.Othersbuyandsellproducts.Stillotherslookforfriendshiporevenlove.Unliketherealworldhoweveryourknowledgeaboutapersonislimitedtowordsonacomputerscreen.Identityandappearancemeanverylittleincyberspacesoeventheshyestpersoncanbecomeachat-roomstar.Usuallythisfacelesscommunicationdoesn’tcreateproblems.Identitydoesn’treallymatterwhenyou’reinachatroomdiscussingpoliticsorhobbies.InfactthisemphasisontheideasthemselvesmakestheInternetagreatplaceforexcitingconversation.WhereelsecansomanypeoplecometogethertochatButsomeInternetuserswantmorethanjustsomeonetochatwith.They’relookingforseriousloverelationships.IscyberspaceagoodplacetofindloveThatanswerdependsonwhomyouask.SupportersofonlinerelationshipsclaimthattheInternetallowscouplestogettoknoweachotherintellectuallyfirst.Personalappearancedoesn’tgetintheway.Butcriticsofonlinerelationshipsarguethatnoonecantrulyknowanotherpersonincyberspace.WhyBecausetheInternetgivesusersalotofcontroloverhowothersviewthem.Internetuserscancarefullycrafttheirwordstofitwhateverimagetheywanttogive.Inasensethey’renotreallythemselves.AllofthismaybefineiftherelationshipstaysincyberspaceButnotknowingapersonisabigprobleminaloverelationship.Thisinevitablyleadstodisappointmentwhencouplesmeetinperson.SobeforelookingforloveincyberspaceremembertheadviceofInternetpioneerCliffordStoll:Lifeintherealworldisfarricherthananythingyou’llfindonacomputerscreen./Youshouldn’tdiscloseyourpersonalinformationwhenchattingincyberspace.
AssoonasLindawentintothedepartmentthatsoldraincoatsshesensedtherewassomethingunusualintheatmosphere.Firstofalltherewasasalesmanthereandnotasaleswoman.Thatwasveryunusualinthewomen’scoatdepartment.Thesalesmanaskedifhecouldbeofanyhelp.Butwhenshesaidshewasjustlookinghedidnotseemtobelistening.Helidnotlookverymuchlikeasalesmaneither.Asecondlateraraincoatcaughthereye.Siteaskedhimaquestionaboutit.Hedidnotevenhearheratfirst.Sheaskedagain.Shewantedtoknowifhehadanycoatslikeitwithadetachable可分离的lining.Hedidnotseemtounderstandwhatadetachableliningwas.Sheexplained.Thenshewentonlooking.Shenoticedthatthesalesmanseemedtobewatchinganothercustomerinthedepartmentallthetime.Theothercustomeramiddle-agedwomanleftthedepartment.Thesalesmanimmediatelywenttothephoneandtoldsomebodyontheotherendthatthewomanhadgoneandhaddefinitelytakentwoleatherbeltswithoutpayingforthem.ThenheturnedtoLindaandexplainedthathewasnotasalesmanatallbutastoredetective.LaterLindareadinthepaperthatawomanhadbeenarrestedforstealingsomebeltsfrontadepartmentstoreorinotherwordsforshoplifting.LiningPar
FutureKitchenInahousethekitchenismostlikelytochangeinthefuture.Therefrigeratormaybeabletotalktotheownerwhensomepartofitwearsout.Sobeforeitstopsworkingtherefrigeratoritselfmayletyouknowthatthere’saproblem.Inadditionyourfridgewillalsobeabletotellyouwhatareinsideit.Youdon’tneedtostandinfrontofanopenrefrigeratorandlookforwhatyouwant.Whenyouhavetakenoutthefoodfromyourrefrigeratoryourtablemaysuggestrecipesbasedonwhatyouputonit.HowisthispossibleThereasonisthetinycomputerchipscalledRFIDs.Theywillbeputinalltheequipmentinyourkitchenandeveninfurniture.Besidesrefrigeratorandtableotherequipmentinyourkitchenwillbenefityoubecauseofthechips.Thewashingmachinewillknowhowtowashplatescleaner.Andyouwillbeabletocontrolyourovenwithyourcellphone.Youputyourdinnerintotheovenbeforeyouleavehomeandyourphonewilltelltheovenwhentostartcookingsothatthemealhasbeenreadywhenyougethome.WhenyougotoagrocerystoretheRFIDswillalsohelpyoualot.Youputthechipsinyourshoppingbagbeforeleavinghomeandthentheywildtellyouwhatyoualreadyhaveinyourrefrigerator.Andthechipswillchargeyourcreditcardsothatyoudon’tneedtowaitforalonglimebeforethecashdeskanymore.Ifyouloveallthethingstoday’skitchencandoforyouyou’lllovewhattomorrow’skitchenwilldoforyou.Howdoesthewriterthinkaboutwaitingbeforethecashdesk
LookforFriendshipinCyberspaceInsomanywayscyberspacemirrorstherealworld.Peopleaskforinformationplaygamesandsharehobbytips.Othersbuyandsellproducts.Stillotherslookforfriendshiporevenlove.Unliketherealworldhoweveryourknowledgeaboutapersonislimitedtowordsonacomputerscreen.Identityandappearancemeanverylittleincyberspacesoeventheshyestpersoncanbecomeachat-roomstar.Usuallythisfacelesscommunicationdoesn’tcreateproblems.Identitydoesn’treallymatterwhenyou’reinachatroomdiscussingpoliticsorhobbies.InfactthisemphasisontheideasthemselvesmakestheInternetagreatplaceforexcitingconversation.WhereelsecansomanypeoplecometogethertochatButsomeInternetuserswantmorethanjustsomeonetochatwith.They’relookingforseriousloverelationships.IscyberspaceagoodplacetofindloveThatanswerdependsonwhomyouask.SupportersofonlinerelationshipsclaimthattheInternetallowscouplestogettoknoweachotherintellectuallyfirst.Personalappearancedoesn’tgetintheway.Butcriticsofonlinerelationshipsarguethatnoonecantrulyknowanotherpersonincyberspace.WhyBecausetheInternetgivesusersalotofcontroloverhowothersviewthem.Internetuserscancarefullycrafttheirwordstofitwhateverimagetheywanttogive.Inasensethey’renotreallythemselves.AllofthismaybefineiftherelationshipstaysincyberspaceButnotknowingapersonisabigprobleminaloverelationship.Thisinevitablyleadstodisappointmentwhencouplesmeetinperson.SobeforelookingforloveincyberspaceremembertheadviceofInternetpioneerCliffordStoll:Lifeintherealworldisfarricherthananythingyou’llfindonacomputerscreen./Ashypersoncanneverbecomechat-roomstarincyberspace.
AssoonasLindawentintothedepartmentthatsoldraincoatsshesensedtherewassomethingunusualintheatmosphere.Firstofalltherewasasalesmanthereandnotasaleswoman.Thatwasveryunusualinthewomen’scoatdepartment.Thesalesmanaskedifhecouldbeofanyhelp.Butwhenshesaidshewasjustlookinghedidnotseemtobelistening.Helidnotlookverymuchlikeasalesmaneither.Asecondlateraraincoatcaughthereye.Siteaskedhimaquestionaboutit.Hedidnotevenhearheratfirst.Sheaskedagain.Shewantedtoknowifhehadanycoatslikeitwithadetachable可分离的lining.Hedidnotseemtounderstandwhatadetachableliningwas.Sheexplained.Thenshewentonlooking.Shenoticedthatthesalesmanseemedtobewatchinganothercustomerinthedepartmentallthetime.Theothercustomeramiddle-agedwomanleftthedepartment.Thesalesmanimmediatelywenttothephoneandtoldsomebodyontheotherendthatthewomanhadgoneandhaddefinitelytakentwoleatherbeltswithoutpayingforthem.ThenheturnedtoLindaandexplainedthathewasnotasalesmanatallbutastoredetective.LaterLindareadinthepaperthatawomanhadbeenarrestedforstealingsomebeltsfrontadepartmentstoreorinotherwordsforshoplifting.WhydidLindagointothedepartmentthatsoldraincoat
HitchhikingWhenlwasinmyteens十几岁and20shitchhikingwasamainformoflong-distancetransport.Tirekindnessorcuriosityofstrangers51mealloverEuropeNorthAmericaAsiaandsouthernAfrica.Someofthelift-giversbecamefriendsmanyprovidedhospitality52theroad.Notonlydidyoufindoutmuchmoreaboutacountrythan53travelingbytrainorplanebutalsotherewasthatelementofexcitementaboutwhereyouwouldfinishupthatnight.HitchhikingfeaturedimportantlyinWesternculture.Ithasbooksandsongsaboutit.Sowhathashappenedto54AfewyearsagoIaskedthesamequestionabouthitchhikinginacolumnonanewspaper.55ofpeoplefromallovertheworldrespondedwiththeirviewonthestateofhitchhiking.Ifthereisahitchhiker’s56itmustbeIrancameonereply.RuralIrelandwasrecommendedasafriendlyplaceforhitchhiking57wasQuebecCanadaifyoudon’tmindbeingberated严厉指责fornotspeakingFrench.Butwhilehitchhikingwasclearlystillaliveandwellinmanypartsoftheworldthe58feelingwasthatthroughoutmuchofthewestitwasdoomed消亡.Withsomuchnewsaboutcrimeintiremediapeopleassumedthatanyoneontheopenroadwithoutthemoneyforevenabusticketmustpresentadanger.Butdowe59tobesowarybothtohitchhikeandtogivealiftInPolandinthe1960s60aPolishwomanwhoe-mailedmetheauthoritiesintroducedtireHitchhiker’sBooklet.Thebookletcontainedcouponsfordriverssoeachtimeadriver61somebodyheorshereceivedacoupon.Attheendoftheseason62whohadpickedupthemosthikerswererewardedwithvariousprizes.Everybodywashitchhikingthen.Surelythisisagoodidea[’orsociety.Hitchhikingwouldincreaserespectbybreakingdown63betweenstrangers.Itwouldhelpfight64warmingbycuttingdownonfuelconsumptionashitchhikerswouldbeusingexistingfuels.Itwouldalsoimproveeducationalstandardsbydeliveringinstant65ingeographyhistorypolitiesandsociology.
Decidingonthevacation’sdestination目的地withyourfamilycanbeadifficulttaskespeciallywhenyourchoiceofplacedoesnotinterestyourchildren.YoumightplantovisitAlaskabutyourchildrenmightwanttogototheBahamas.46EasterncitieslikeBeijingSeoulandBangkokareonthelistoffavoritedestinationswithchildren.TheholidaycanprovetobeafunlearningexperiencebecauseyoucanseethingsliketheGreatWallandlearnaboutdifferentcultures.47Howevertheproblemisthatgettingpermissiontoenterthecountryusuallytakessometimesoplanyourtripwellaheadoftimetoensureasmoothtriptoyourchosendestination.Europeancitieshavealsogainedpopularityovertheyearsbutatripmightbealittle.tooexpensive.HowevertheWesternEuropecountrytripsgenerallycomewithdiscounts折扣andbygoingtoEuropeyoucanexperienceseveraldifferentcultures.YoucanexploretherainsofPompeii庞贝城的遗迹andgoonaboatrideinVeniceortastedeliciousItaliansweetsinFlorence.48Thisgivesthemanopportunitytolearnabouttheirancestors.49Lyinginthesunplayingonthesandandswimminginthedeepbluewatercanbeveryrelaxingandthat’swhysomanyfamiliesgothere.Becauseofthewhitesandybeachesblackmountainsanddeepredsunsetstheislandsareconsideredbymanytobeatourists’dreamingplace.50Italsootterssunsandandwateralongwithallkindsofsummerandwatersportsactivitiesfromdivingtoswimmingwithdolphins.Youcanalsogowhalewatching.A.Differentfooddifferentmoneyandanaltogetherdifferentwayoflifecanbehighlyentertainingforyou.B.TheCaribbeanisthenextbestholidayspotforchildren.C.BecauseofmovieslikeMadagascarchildrennowwanttotraveltoadventurousplaces.D.MostWesternEuropeanfamiliesenjoyvacationstocountrieslikeItaly.E.Thebestchoiceistofigureoutwhereyourkidswanttogothisvacationandfindakid-friendlydestination.F.Hawaiiasaholidaydestinationisalsoverypopularandmanyfamiliesgothereeveryyear.
HitchhikingWhenlwasinmyteens十几岁and20shitchhikingwasamainformoflong-distancetransport.Tirekindnessorcuriosityofstrangers51mealloverEuropeNorthAmericaAsiaandsouthernAfrica.Someofthelift-giversbecamefriendsmanyprovidedhospitality52theroad.Notonlydidyoufindoutmuchmoreaboutacountrythan53travelingbytrainorplanebutalsotherewasthatelementofexcitementaboutwhereyouwouldfinishupthatnight.HitchhikingfeaturedimportantlyinWesternculture.Ithasbooksandsongsaboutit.Sowhathashappenedto54AfewyearsagoIaskedthesamequestionabouthitchhikinginacolumnonanewspaper.55ofpeoplefromallovertheworldrespondedwiththeirviewonthestateofhitchhiking.Ifthereisahitchhiker’s56itmustbeIrancameonereply.RuralIrelandwasrecommendedasafriendlyplaceforhitchhiking57wasQuebecCanadaifyoudon’tmindbeingberated严厉指责fornotspeakingFrench.Butwhilehitchhikingwasclearlystillaliveandwellinmanypartsoftheworldthe58feelingwasthatthroughoutmuchofthewestitwasdoomed消亡.Withsomuchnewsaboutcrimeintiremediapeopleassumedthatanyoneontheopenroadwithoutthemoneyforevenabusticketmustpresentadanger.Butdowe59tobesowarybothtohitchhikeandtogivealiftInPolandinthe1960s60aPolishwomanwhoe-mailedmetheauthoritiesintroducedtireHitchhiker’sBooklet.Thebookletcontainedcouponsfordriverssoeachtimeadriver61somebodyheorshereceivedacoupon.Attheendoftheseason62whohadpickedupthemosthikerswererewardedwithvariousprizes.Everybodywashitchhikingthen.Surelythisisagoodidea[’orsociety.Hitchhikingwouldincreaserespectbybreakingdown63betweenstrangers.Itwouldhelpfight64warmingbycuttingdownonfuelconsumptionashitchhikerswouldbeusingexistingfuels.Itwouldalsoimproveeducationalstandardsbydeliveringinstant65ingeographyhistorypolitiesandsociology.
InternetShoppingInternetshoppingisanewwayofshopping.Nowadaysyoucanshopforjustaboutanythingfromyourarmchair.AllyouneedisacomputerwhichislinkedtotheInternet.ShoppingontheInternetisbecomingincreasinglypopular.IntheUnitedStatespeoplespentoverUS$2.5billiononInternetshoppingin1998.ThisfigureisexpectedtoreachUS$11billionbytheyear2004.PeoplecanshopforavarietyofproductsontheInternet.PhysicalproductsincludeitemssuchasbooksCDsclothesandfood.ThesetypesofproductsarethemostcommonpurchasesthroughtheInternet.Youcanalsobuyinformationproductssuchason-linenewsormagazinestoriesoryoucandownloadcomputersoftwarethroughtheInternet.ServicessuchasbookingairlineticketsreservinghotelsorrentingearsarealsoavailableontheInternet.YoucanalsogoshoppingontheInternetforentertainmentservicesandtakepartinon-linegames.Internetshoppingoffersanumberofbenefitsfortheshopper.Themustimportantadvantageisconvenience.Youcanshopwheneveryoulikeastheon-lineshopsareopen24hoursadayandyoudon’thavetoqueuewithothershoppersatthecheek-outcounters.SecondlyitiseasytofindwhatyouarelookingfurontheInternet.Evenout-of-printbooksmaybeorderedonline.FinallyitisoftencheapertobuygoodsthroughtheInternetandyoucantelltheshopexactlywhatyouwant.ThemaindisadvantageofInternetshoppingisthatyoucannotactuallyseetheproductsyouarebuyingorcheektheirquality.Alsomanypeopleenjoyshoppinginthecityandmisstheopportunitytotalktofriends.SomepeopleareworriedaboutpayingforgoodsusingcreditcardssoInternetcompaniesarenowfindingwaystomakeon-linepaymentsafe.Internetshoppingissuretobecomemoreandmorepopularintheyearsahead.Itpromisestochangethewaywebuyallkindsofthings-fromtonight’sdinnertoanewear.Themostpropertitleforthispassageis______.
NoisePollutionPsychologistsnowbelievethatnoisehasaconsiderableeffectonpeople’sattitudesandbehavior.Experimentshaveprovedthatinnoisysituationseventemporaryonespeoplewouldhavemoreirritability躁易怒andlesscooperation.Inmorepermanentnoisysituationsmanypeoplecannotworkhardandtheysufferfromsevereanxietyaswellasotherpsychologicalproblems.Someresearcherswhostudyvariousaspectsofeffectofnoiseinpeople’smentallifemaintainthatnoiseeithertemporarynoiseorpermanentnoiseoftendestroycreativityandactivitybydisturbingpeople’semotionandmakethemmoreirritableandhardtocooperate.Howeverpsychologistsdistinguishbetweensoundandnoise.Soundismeasuredphysicallyindecibels分贝.Noisecannotbemeasuredinthesamewaybecauseitreferstothepsychologicaleffectofsoundanditslevelofintensitydependsonthesituation.Thusforpassengersatanairportwhoexpecttohearairplanestakingoffandlandingtheremaybealotofsoundbutnotmuchnoisethatistheyarenotbotheredbythenoise.Bycontrastifyouareataconcertandtwopeoplebehindyouarewhisperingyoufeeltheyaretalkingnoisilyevenifthereisnotmuchsound.Younoticethenoisebecauseitaffectsyoupsychologically.Bothsoundandnoisecanhavenegativeeffectsbutwhatismostimportantisifthepersonhascontroloverthesound.Peoplewalkingdownthestreetwithearphoneslisteningtomusicthattheyenjoyarereceivingalotofdecibelsofsoundbuttheyareprobablyhappyhearingsoundswhichtheycontrol.Ontheotherhandpeopleinthestreetwithoutearphonesmusttoleratealotofnoisewhichtheyhavenocontrolover.Itisnoisepollutionthatweneedtocontrolinordertohelppeoplelivemorehappily.Peoplewaitingatanairport______.
WhatMakesaSoccerPlayerGreatSoccerisplayedbymillionsofpeopleallovertheworldhuttherehaveonlybeenfewplayerswhoweretrulygreat.Howdidtheseplayersgetthatway-wasitthroughtrainingandpracticeoraregreatplayersbornnotmadeFirsttheseplayerscamefromplacesthathavehadfamousstarsinthepast-playersthatayoungboycanlookuptoandtrytoimitate.Inthehistoryofsocceronlysix.countrieshaveeverwontheWorldCup-threefromSouthAmericaandthreefromwesternEurope.Therehasneverbeenagreatnationalteam-orareallygreatplayer-fromNorthAmericaorfromAsia.Secondtheseplayershaveallhadyearsofpracticeinthegame.AlfredoDiStefanowasthesonofasoccerplayeraswasPele.Mostplayersbeginplayingthegameattheageofthreeorfour.Finallymanygreatplayerscomefromthesamekindofneighborhood-apoorcrowdedareawhereaboy’sdreamisnottobeadoctorlawyerorbusinessmanbuttobecomearichfamousathleteorentertainer.ForexampleLiverpoolwhichproducedtheBeetleshadoneofthebestEnglishsoccerteamsinrecentyears.Pelepracticedinthestreetwithaballmadeofrags.AndGeorgeBestlearnedthetricksthatmadehimfamousbybouncingtheballoffawallintheslumsofBelfast.Allgreatplayershavealotincommonhutthatdoesn’texplainwhytheyaregreat.HundredsofboysplayedinthoseBrazilianstreetsbutonlyonebecamePele.Thegreatestplayersarebornwithsomeuniquequalitythatsetsthemapartfromalltheothers.ThewordtricksattheendofParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.
HitchhikingWhenlwasinmyteens十几岁and20shitchhikingwasamainformoflong-distancetransport.Tirekindnessorcuriosityofstrangers51mealloverEuropeNorthAmericaAsiaandsouthernAfrica.Someofthelift-giversbecamefriendsmanyprovidedhospitality52theroad.Notonlydidyoufindoutmuchmoreaboutacountrythan53travelingbytrainorplanebutalsotherewasthatelementofexcitementaboutwhereyouwouldfinishupthatnight.HitchhikingfeaturedimportantlyinWesternculture.Ithasbooksandsongsaboutit.Sowhathashappenedto54AfewyearsagoIaskedthesamequestionabouthitchhikinginacolumnonanewspaper.55ofpeoplefromallovertheworldrespondedwiththeirviewonthestateofhitchhiking.Ifthereisahitchhiker’s56itmustbeIrancameonereply.RuralIrelandwasrecommendedasafriendlyplaceforhitchhiking57wasQuebecCanadaifyoudon’tmindbeingberated严厉指责fornotspeakingFrench.Butwhilehitchhikingwasclearlystillaliveandwellinmanypartsoftheworldthe58feelingwasthatthroughoutmuchofthewestitwasdoomed消亡.Withsomuchnewsaboutcrimeintiremediapeopleassumedthatanyoneontheopenroadwithoutthemoneyforevenabusticketmustpresentadanger.Butdowe59tobesowarybothtohitchhikeandtogivealiftInPolandinthe1960s60aPolishwomanwhoe-mailedmetheauthoritiesintroducedtireHitchhiker’sBooklet.Thebookletcontainedcouponsfordriverssoeachtimeadriver61somebodyheorshereceivedacoupon.Attheendoftheseason62whohadpickedupthemosthikerswererewardedwithvariousprizes.Everybodywashitchhikingthen.Surelythisisagoodidea[’orsociety.Hitchhikingwouldincreaserespectbybreakingdown63betweenstrangers.Itwouldhelpfight64warmingbycuttingdownonfuelconsumptionashitchhikerswouldbeusingexistingfuels.Itwouldalsoimproveeducationalstandardsbydeliveringinstant65ingeographyhistorypolitiesandsociology.
HitchhikingWhenlwasinmyteens十几岁and20shitchhikingwasamainformoflong-distancetransport.Tirekindnessorcuriosityofstrangers51mealloverEuropeNorthAmericaAsiaandsouthernAfrica.Someofthelift-giversbecamefriendsmanyprovidedhospitality52theroad.Notonlydidyoufindoutmuchmoreaboutacountrythan53travelingbytrainorplanebutalsotherewasthatelementofexcitementaboutwhereyouwouldfinishupthatnight.HitchhikingfeaturedimportantlyinWesternculture.Ithasbooksandsongsaboutit.Sowhathashappenedto54AfewyearsagoIaskedthesamequestionabouthitchhikinginacolumnonanewspaper.55ofpeoplefromallovertheworldrespondedwiththeirviewonthestateofhitchhiking.Ifthereisahitchhiker’s56itmustbeIrancameonereply.RuralIrelandwasrecommendedasafriendlyplaceforhitchhiking57wasQuebecCanadaifyoudon’tmindbeingberated严厉指责fornotspeakingFrench.Butwhilehitchhikingwasclearlystillaliveandwellinmanypartsoftheworldthe58feelingwasthatthroughoutmuchofthewestitwasdoomed消亡.Withsomuchnewsaboutcrimeintiremediapeopleassumedthatanyoneontheopenroadwithoutthemoneyforevenabusticketmustpresentadanger.Butdowe59tobesowarybothtohitchhikeandtogivealiftInPolandinthe1960s60aPolishwomanwhoe-mailedmetheauthoritiesintroducedtireHitchhiker’sBooklet.Thebookletcontainedcouponsfordriverssoeachtimeadriver61somebodyheorshereceivedacoupon.Attheendoftheseason62whohadpickedupthemosthikerswererewardedwithvariousprizes.Everybodywashitchhikingthen.Surelythisisagoodidea[’orsociety.Hitchhikingwouldincreaserespectbybreakingdown63betweenstrangers.Itwouldhelpfight64warmingbycuttingdownonfuelconsumptionashitchhikerswouldbeusingexistingfuels.Itwouldalsoimproveeducationalstandardsbydeliveringinstant65ingeographyhistorypolitiesandsociology.
AssoonasLindawentintothedepartmentthatsoldraincoatsshesensedtherewassomethingunusualintheatmosphere.Firstofalltherewasasalesmanthereandnotasaleswoman.Thatwasveryunusualinthewomen’scoatdepartment.Thesalesmanaskedifhecouldbeofanyhelp.Butwhenshesaidshewasjustlookinghedidnotseemtobelistening.Helidnotlookverymuchlikeasalesmaneither.Asecondlateraraincoatcaughthereye.Siteaskedhimaquestionaboutit.Hedidnotevenhearheratfirst.Sheaskedagain.Shewantedtoknowifhehadanycoatslikeitwithadetachable可分离的lining.Hedidnotseemtounderstandwhatadetachableliningwas.Sheexplained.Thenshewentonlooking.Shenoticedthatthesalesmanseemedtobewatchinganothercustomerinthedepartmentallthetime.Theothercustomeramiddle-agedwomanleftthedepartment.Thesalesmanimmediatelywenttothephoneandtoldsomebodyontheotherendthatthewomanhadgoneandhaddefinitelytakentwoleatherbeltswithoutpayingforthem.ThenheturnedtoLindaandexplainedthathewasnotasalesmanatallbutastoredetective.LaterLindareadinthepaperthatawomanhadbeenarrestedforstealingsomebeltsfrontadepartmentstoreorinotherwordsforshoplifting.Itisnottoldbutcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.
IsThereaWaytoKeeptheBritain’sEconomyGrowing1Intoday’sknowledgeeconomynationssurviveonthethingstheydobest.JapanesedesignelectronicswhileGermensexportengineeringtechniques.TheFrenchservethebestfoodandAmericansmakecomputers.2Britainspecializesinthegiftoftalking.Thenationdoesn’tmanufacturemuchofanything.Butithaslawyersstylists文体学家andbusinessconsultantswhoearntheirlivingfromtalktalkandmoretalk.TheWorldFoundationthinktank智囊团saystheUK’sfouriconic标志性职业jobstodayarenotscientistsengineersteachersandnurses.Insteadthey’rehairdresserscelebritiesmanagementconsultantsandmanagers.ButcanallthistalkingkeeptheBritisheconomygoingTheBritishgovernmentthinksitcan.3Althoughthecountry’stradedeficitwasmorethan￡60billionin2006UK’slargestinthepostwarperiodofficialssaythecountryhasnothingtoworryabout.InfactBritaindoeshaveaworld-classpharmaceuticalindustry医药工业anditstillmakesasmallsumfromsellingarmsabroad.Italsotradesservices-accountancyinsurancebankingandadvertising.ThegovernmentbelievesBritainisonthecuttingedgeoftheknowledgeeconomy.AfterallthecountryofShakespeareandWordsworthhasaliterarytraditionofwhichtobeproud.Rock’n’rollisanEnglishlanguagemediumandtherearebillionstohemadebytheircutting-edgebands.InotherwordsthecreativeeconomyhasplentyofStrengthtocarrytheBritisheconomy.4Howevercreativeindustriesaccountforonlyabout4percentofUK’sexportsofgoodsandservices.TheindustriesarefindingithardtomakeaprofitaccordingtoareportoftheNationalEndowmentforScienceTechnologyandtheArts.Thereportshowsonly38percentofBritishcompanieswereengagedininnovationactivities3percentagepointsbelowtheEUaverageandwellbelowGermany61percentandSweden47percent.5InfactitmighttiebettertocallBritainaservanteconomy-thereareatleast4millionpeopleinservice.Themajorityofthepopulationareemployedbytherichtocookcleanandtakecareoftheirchildren.Manygraduatesareevendoingmenialjobsforwhichtheydonotneedadegree.Mostemploymentgrowthhasbeenandwillcontinuetobeatthelow-skillendoftheservicesector-inshopsbarshotelsdomesticserviceandinnursingandcarehomes.A.GrowthofEconomyB.ServantEconomyC.StrengthoftheCreativeEconomyD.WeaknessoftheCreativeEconomyE.GiftoftalkingF.ExportofTalkingMachinesParagraph4______
FutureKitchenInahousethekitchenismostlikelytochangeinthefuture.Therefrigeratormaybeabletotalktotheownerwhensomepartofitwearsout.Sobeforeitstopsworkingtherefrigeratoritselfmayletyouknowthatthere’saproblem.Inadditionyourfridgewillalsobeabletotellyouwhatareinsideit.Youdon’tneedtostandinfrontofanopenrefrigeratorandlookforwhatyouwant.Whenyouhavetakenoutthefoodfromyourrefrigeratoryourtablemaysuggestrecipesbasedonwhatyouputonit.HowisthispossibleThereasonisthetinycomputerchipscalledRFIDs.Theywillbeputinalltheequipmentinyourkitchenandeveninfurniture.Besidesrefrigeratorandtableotherequipmentinyourkitchenwillbenefityoubecauseofthechips.Thewashingmachinewillknowhowtowashplatescleaner.Andyouwillbeabletocontrolyourovenwithyourcellphone.Youputyourdinnerintotheovenbeforeyouleavehomeandyourphonewilltelltheovenwhentostartcookingsothatthemealhasbeenreadywhenyougethome.WhenyougotoagrocerystoretheRFIDswillalsohelpyoualot.Youputthechipsinyourshoppingbagbeforeleavinghomeandthentheywildtellyouwhatyoualreadyhaveinyourrefrigerator.Andthechipswillchargeyourcreditcardsothatyoudon’tneedtowaitforalonglimebeforethecashdeskanymore.Ifyouloveallthethingstoday’skitchencandoforyouyou’lllovewhattomorrow’skitchenwilldoforyou.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage’
IsThereaWaytoKeeptheBritain’sEconomyGrowing1Intoday’sknowledgeeconomynationssurviveonthethingstheydobest.JapanesedesignelectronicswhileGermensexportengineeringtechniques.TheFrenchservethebestfoodandAmericansmakecomputers.2Britainspecializesinthegiftoftalking.Thenationdoesn’tmanufacturemuchofanything.Butithaslawyersstylists文体学家andbusinessconsultantswhoearntheirlivingfromtalktalkandmoretalk.TheWorldFoundationthinktank智囊团saystheUK’sfouriconic标志性职业jobstodayarenotscientistsengineersteachersandnurses.Insteadthey’rehairdresserscelebritiesmanagementconsultantsandmanagers.ButcanallthistalkingkeeptheBritisheconomygoingTheBritishgovernmentthinksitcan.3Althoughthecountry’stradedeficitwasmorethan￡60billionin2006UK’slargestinthepostwarperiodofficialssaythecountryhasnothingtoworryabout.InfactBritaindoeshaveaworld-classpharmaceuticalindustry医药工业anditstillmakesasmallsumfromsellingarmsabroad.Italsotradesservices-accountancyinsurancebankingandadvertising.ThegovernmentbelievesBritainisonthecuttingedgeoftheknowledgeeconomy.AfterallthecountryofShakespeareandWordsworthhasaliterarytraditionofwhichtobeproud.Rock’n’rollisanEnglishlanguagemediumandtherearebillionstohemadebytheircutting-edgebands.InotherwordsthecreativeeconomyhasplentyofStrengthtocarrytheBritisheconomy.4Howevercreativeindustriesaccountforonlyabout4percentofUK’sexportsofgoodsandservices.TheindustriesarefindingithardtomakeaprofitaccordingtoareportoftheNationalEndowmentforScienceTechnologyandtheArts.Thereportshowsonly38percentofBritishcompanieswereengagedininnovationactivities3percentagepointsbelowtheEUaverageandwellbelowGermany61percentandSweden47percent.5InfactitmighttiebettertocallBritainaservanteconomy-thereareatleast4millionpeopleinservice.Themajorityofthepopulationareemployedbytherichtocookcleanandtakecareoftheirchildren.Manygraduatesareevendoingmenialjobsforwhichtheydonotneedadegree.Mostemploymentgrowthhasbeenandwillcontinuetobeatthelow-skillendoftheservicesector-inshopsbarshotelsdomesticserviceandinnursingandcarehomes.A.GrowthofEconomyB.ServantEconomyC.StrengthoftheCreativeEconomyD.WeaknessoftheCreativeEconomyE.GiftoftalkingF.ExportofTalkingMachinesParagraph2______
HitchhikingWhenlwasinmyteens十几岁and20shitchhikingwasamainformoflong-distancetransport.Tirekindnessorcuriosityofstrangers51mealloverEuropeNorthAmericaAsiaandsouthernAfrica.Someofthelift-giversbecamefriendsmanyprovidedhospitality52theroad.Notonlydidyoufindoutmuchmoreaboutacountrythan53travelingbytrainorplanebutalsotherewasthatelementofexcitementaboutwhereyouwouldfinishupthatnight.HitchhikingfeaturedimportantlyinWesternculture.Ithasbooksandsongsaboutit.Sowhathashappenedto54AfewyearsagoIaskedthesamequestionabouthitchhikinginacolumnonanewspaper.55ofpeoplefromallovertheworldrespondedwiththeirviewonthestateofhitchhiking.Ifthereisahitchhiker’s56itmustbeIrancameonereply.RuralIrelandwasrecommendedasafriendlyplaceforhitchhiking57wasQuebecCanadaifyoudon’tmindbeingberated严厉指责fornotspeakingFrench.Butwhilehitchhikingwasclearlystillaliveandwellinmanypartsoftheworldthe58feelingwasthatthroughoutmuchofthewestitwasdoomed消亡.Withsomuchnewsaboutcrimeintiremediapeopleassumedthatanyoneontheopenroadwithoutthemoneyforevenabusticketmustpresentadanger.Butdowe59tobesowarybothtohitchhikeandtogivealiftInPolandinthe1960s60aPolishwomanwhoe-mailedmetheauthoritiesintroducedtireHitchhiker’sBooklet.Thebookletcontainedcouponsfordriverssoeachtimeadriver61somebodyheorshereceivedacoupon.Attheendoftheseason62whohadpickedupthemosthikerswererewardedwithvariousprizes.Everybodywashitchhikingthen.Surelythisisagoodidea[’orsociety.Hitchhikingwouldincreaserespectbybreakingdown63betweenstrangers.Itwouldhelpfight64warmingbycuttingdownonfuelconsumptionashitchhikerswouldbeusingexistingfuels.Itwouldalsoimproveeducationalstandardsbydeliveringinstant65ingeographyhistorypolitiesandsociology.
SchoolingandEducationItiscommonlybelievedintheUnitedStatesthatschooliswherepeoplegotogetaneducation.Neverthelessithasbeensaidthattodaychildreninterrupttheireducationtogotoschool.46.Educationismuchmoreopen-endedandall-inclusivethanschooling.Educationknowsnobounds.47Itincludesboththeformallearningthattakesplaceinschoolsandthewholeuniverseofinformallearning.Theagentsofeducationcanrangefromareveredgrandparenttothepeopledebatingpoliticsontheradiofromachildtoadistinguishedscientist.Whereasschoolinghasacertainpredictabilityeducationquiteoftenproducessurprises.48.Peopleareengagedineducationfrominfancyon.Educationthenisaverybroadinclusiveterm.Itisalifelongprocessaprocessthatstartslongbeforethestartofschoolandonethatshouldbeanintegralpartofone’sentirelife.49.Throughoutacountrychildrenarriveatschoolatapproximatelythesametimetakeassignedseatsaretaughtbyanadultusesimilartextbooksdohomeworktakeexamsandsoon.Theslicesofrealitythataretobelearnedwhethertheyarethealphabetoranunderstandingoftheworkingsofgovernmenthaveusuallybeenlimitedbytheboundariesofthesubjectbeingtaught.Forexamplehighschoolstudentsknowthattheyarenotlikelytofindoutintheirclassesthetruthaboutpoliticalproblemsintheircommunitiesorwhatthenewestfilmmakersareexperimentingwith.50.A.Thedistinctionbetweenschoolingandeducationimpliedbythisremarkisimportant.B.Amanwhohasneverbeentoschoolcanalsobewell-educated.C.Therearedefiniteconditionssurroundingtheformalizedprocessofschooling.D.Itcantakeplaceanywherewhetherintheshowerorinthejobwhetherinakitchenoronatractor.E.Schoolingontheotherhandisaspecificformalizedprocesswhosegeneralpatternvarieslittlefromonesettingtothenext.F.Achanceconversationwithastrangermayleadapersontodiscoverhowlittleisknownofotherreligions.
HitchhikingWhenlwasinmyteens十几岁and20shitchhikingwasamainformoflong-distancetransport.Tirekindnessorcuriosityofstrangers51mealloverEuropeNorthAmericaAsiaandsouthernAfrica.Someofthelift-giversbecamefriendsmanyprovidedhospitality52theroad.Notonlydidyoufindoutmuchmoreaboutacountrythan53travelingbytrainorplanebutalsotherewasthatelementofexcitementaboutwhereyouwouldfinishupthatnight.HitchhikingfeaturedimportantlyinWesternculture.Ithasbooksandsongsaboutit.Sowhathashappenedto54AfewyearsagoIaskedthesamequestionabouthitchhikinginacolumnonanewspaper.55ofpeoplefromallovertheworldrespondedwiththeirviewonthestateofhitchhiking.Ifthereisahitchhiker’s56itmustbeIrancameonereply.RuralIrelandwasrecommendedasafriendlyplaceforhitchhiking57wasQuebecCanadaifyoudon’tmindbeingberated严厉指责fornotspeakingFrench.Butwhilehitchhikingwasclearlystillaliveandwellinmanypartsoftheworldthe58feelingwasthatthroughoutmuchofthewestitwasdoomed消亡.Withsomuchnewsaboutcrimeintiremediapeopleassumedthatanyoneontheopenroadwithoutthemoneyforevenabusticketmustpresentadanger.Butdowe59tobesowarybothtohitchhikeandtogivealiftInPolandinthe1960s60aPolishwomanwhoe-mailedmetheauthoritiesintroducedtireHitchhiker’sBooklet.Thebookletcontainedcouponsfordriverssoeachtimeadriver61somebodyheorshereceivedacoupon.Attheendoftheseason62whohadpickedupthemosthikerswererewardedwithvariousprizes.Everybodywashitchhikingthen.Surelythisisagoodidea[’orsociety.Hitchhikingwouldincreaserespectbybreakingdown63betweenstrangers.Itwouldhelpfight64warmingbycuttingdownonfuelconsumptionashitchhikerswouldbeusingexistingfuels.Itwouldalsoimproveeducationalstandardsbydeliveringinstant65ingeographyhistorypolitiesandsociology.
LookforFriendshipinCyberspaceInsomanywayscyberspacemirrorstherealworld.Peopleaskforinformationplaygamesandsharehobbytips.Othersbuyandsellproducts.Stillotherslookforfriendshiporevenlove.Unliketherealworldhoweveryourknowledgeaboutapersonislimitedtowordsonacomputerscreen.Identityandappearancemeanverylittleincyberspacesoeventheshyestpersoncanbecomeachat-roomstar.Usuallythisfacelesscommunicationdoesn’tcreateproblems.Identitydoesn’treallymatterwhenyou’reinachatroomdiscussingpoliticsorhobbies.InfactthisemphasisontheideasthemselvesmakestheInternetagreatplaceforexcitingconversation.WhereelsecansomanypeoplecometogethertochatButsomeInternetuserswantmorethanjustsomeonetochatwith.They’relookingforseriousloverelationships.IscyberspaceagoodplacetofindloveThatanswerdependsonwhomyouask.SupportersofonlinerelationshipsclaimthattheInternetallowscouplestogettoknoweachotherintellectuallyfirst.Personalappearancedoesn’tgetintheway.Butcriticsofonlinerelationshipsarguethatnoonecantrulyknowanotherpersonincyberspace.WhyBecausetheInternetgivesusersalotofcontroloverhowothersviewthem.Internetuserscancarefullycrafttheirwordstofitwhateverimagetheywanttogive.Inasensethey’renotreallythemselves.AllofthismaybefineiftherelationshipstaysincyberspaceButnotknowingapersonisabigprobleminaloverelationship.Thisinevitablyleadstodisappointmentwhencouplesmeetinperson.SobeforelookingforloveincyberspaceremembertheadviceofInternetpioneerCliffordStoll:Lifeintherealworldisfarricherthananythingyou’llfindonacomputerscreen./Somesupportonlinerelationshipswhileotherscriticizeonlinerelationships.
FutureKitchenInahousethekitchenismostlikelytochangeinthefuture.Therefrigeratormaybeabletotalktotheownerwhensomepartofitwearsout.Sobeforeitstopsworkingtherefrigeratoritselfmayletyouknowthatthere’saproblem.Inadditionyourfridgewillalsobeabletotellyouwhatareinsideit.Youdon’tneedtostandinfrontofanopenrefrigeratorandlookforwhatyouwant.Whenyouhavetakenoutthefoodfromyourrefrigeratoryourtablemaysuggestrecipesbasedonwhatyouputonit.HowisthispossibleThereasonisthetinycomputerchipscalledRFIDs.Theywillbeputinalltheequipmentinyourkitchenandeveninfurniture.Besidesrefrigeratorandtableotherequipmentinyourkitchenwillbenefityoubecauseofthechips.Thewashingmachinewillknowhowtowashplatescleaner.Andyouwillbeabletocontrolyourovenwithyourcellphone.Youputyourdinnerintotheovenbeforeyouleavehomeandyourphonewilltelltheovenwhentostartcookingsothatthemealhasbeenreadywhenyougethome.WhenyougotoagrocerystoretheRFIDswillalsohelpyoualot.Youputthechipsinyourshoppingbagbeforeleavinghomeandthentheywildtellyouwhatyoualreadyhaveinyourrefrigerator.Andthechipswillchargeyourcreditcardsothatyoudon’tneedtowaitforalonglimebeforethecashdeskanymore.Ifyouloveallthethingstoday’skitchencandoforyouyou’lllovewhattomorrow’skitchenwilldoforyou.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.
HitchhikingWhenlwasinmyteens十几岁and20shitchhikingwasamainformoflong-distancetransport.Tirekindnessorcuriosityofstrangers51mealloverEuropeNorthAmericaAsiaandsouthernAfrica.Someofthelift-giversbecamefriendsmanyprovidedhospitality52theroad.Notonlydidyoufindoutmuchmoreaboutacountrythan53travelingbytrainorplanebutalsotherewasthatelementofexcitementaboutwhereyouwouldfinishupthatnight.HitchhikingfeaturedimportantlyinWesternculture.Ithasbooksandsongsaboutit.Sowhathashappenedto54AfewyearsagoIaskedthesamequestionabouthitchhikinginacolumnonanewspaper.55ofpeoplefromallovertheworldrespondedwiththeirviewonthestateofhitchhiking.Ifthereisahitchhiker’s56itmustbeIrancameonereply.RuralIrelandwasrecommendedasafriendlyplaceforhitchhiking57wasQuebecCanadaifyoudon’tmindbeingberated严厉指责fornotspeakingFrench.Butwhilehitchhikingwasclearlystillaliveandwellinmanypartsoftheworldthe58feelingwasthatthroughoutmuchofthewestitwasdoomed消亡.Withsomuchnewsaboutcrimeintiremediapeopleassumedthatanyoneontheopenroadwithoutthemoneyforevenabusticketmustpresentadanger.Butdowe59tobesowarybothtohitchhikeandtogivealiftInPolandinthe1960s60aPolishwomanwhoe-mailedmetheauthoritiesintroducedtireHitchhiker’sBooklet.Thebookletcontainedcouponsfordriverssoeachtimeadriver61somebodyheorshereceivedacoupon.Attheendoftheseason62whohadpickedupthemosthikerswererewardedwithvariousprizes.Everybodywashitchhikingthen.Surelythisisagoodidea[’orsociety.Hitchhikingwouldincreaserespectbybreakingdown63betweenstrangers.Itwouldhelpfight64warmingbycuttingdownonfuelconsumptionashitchhikerswouldbeusingexistingfuels.Itwouldalsoimproveeducationalstandardsbydeliveringinstant65ingeographyhistorypolitiesandsociology.
NoisePollutionPsychologistsnowbelievethatnoisehasaconsiderableeffectonpeople’sattitudesandbehavior.Experimentshaveprovedthatinnoisysituationseventemporaryonespeoplewouldhavemoreirritability躁易怒andlesscooperation.Inmorepermanentnoisysituationsmanypeoplecannotworkhardandtheysufferfromsevereanxietyaswellasotherpsychologicalproblems.Someresearcherswhostudyvariousaspectsofeffectofnoiseinpeople’smentallifemaintainthatnoiseeithertemporarynoiseorpermanentnoiseoftendestroycreativityandactivitybydisturbingpeople’semotionandmakethemmoreirritableandhardtocooperate.Howeverpsychologistsdistinguishbetweensoundandnoise.Soundismeasuredphysicallyindecibels分贝.Noisecannotbemeasuredinthesamewaybecauseitreferstothepsychologicaleffectofsoundanditslevelofintensitydependsonthesituation.Thusforpassengersatanairportwhoexpecttohearairplanestakingoffandlandingtheremaybealotofsoundbutnotmuchnoisethatistheyarenotbotheredbythenoise.Bycontrastifyouareataconcertandtwopeoplebehindyouarewhisperingyoufeeltheyaretalkingnoisilyevenifthereisnotmuchsound.Younoticethenoisebecauseitaffectsyoupsychologically.Bothsoundandnoisecanhavenegativeeffectsbutwhatismostimportantisifthepersonhascontroloverthesound.Peoplewalkingdownthestreetwithearphoneslisteningtomusicthattheyenjoyarereceivingalotofdecibelsofsoundbuttheyareprobablyhappyhearingsoundswhichtheycontrol.Ontheotherhandpeopleinthestreetwithoutearphonesmusttoleratealotofnoisewhichtheyhavenocontrolover.Itisnoisepollutionthatweneedtocontrolinordertohelppeoplelivemorehappily.Accordingtothepassagepeople______.
HitchhikingWhenlwasinmyteens十几岁and20shitchhikingwasamainformoflong-distancetransport.Tirekindnessorcuriosityofstrangers51mealloverEuropeNorthAmericaAsiaandsouthernAfrica.Someofthelift-giversbecamefriendsmanyprovidedhospitality52theroad.Notonlydidyoufindoutmuchmoreaboutacountrythan53travelingbytrainorplanebutalsotherewasthatelementofexcitementaboutwhereyouwouldfinishupthatnight.HitchhikingfeaturedimportantlyinWesternculture.Ithasbooksandsongsaboutit.Sowhathashappenedto54AfewyearsagoIaskedthesamequestionabouthitchhikinginacolumnonanewspaper.55ofpeoplefromallovertheworldrespondedwiththeirviewonthestateofhitchhiking.Ifthereisahitchhiker’s56itmustbeIrancameonereply.RuralIrelandwasrecommendedasafriendlyplaceforhitchhiking57wasQuebecCanadaifyoudon’tmindbeingberated严厉指责fornotspeakingFrench.Butwhilehitchhikingwasclearlystillaliveandwellinmanypartsoftheworldthe58feelingwasthatthroughoutmuchofthewestitwasdoomed消亡.Withsomuchnewsaboutcrimeintiremediapeopleassumedthatanyoneontheopenroadwithoutthemoneyforevenabusticketmustpresentadanger.Butdowe59tobesowarybothtohitchhikeandtogivealiftInPolandinthe1960s60aPolishwomanwhoe-mailedmetheauthoritiesintroducedtireHitchhiker’sBooklet.Thebookletcontainedcouponsfordriverssoeachtimeadriver61somebodyheorshereceivedacoupon.Attheendoftheseason62whohadpickedupthemosthikerswererewardedwithvariousprizes.Everybodywashitchhikingthen.Surelythisisagoodidea[’orsociety.Hitchhikingwouldincreaserespectbybreakingdown63betweenstrangers.Itwouldhelpfight64warmingbycuttingdownonfuelconsumptionashitchhikerswouldbeusingexistingfuels.Itwouldalsoimproveeducationalstandardsbydeliveringinstant65ingeographyhistorypolitiesandsociology.
SchoolingandEducationItiscommonlybelievedintheUnitedStatesthatschooliswherepeoplegotogetaneducation.Neverthelessithasbeensaidthattodaychildreninterrupttheireducationtogotoschool.46.Educationismuchmoreopen-endedandall-inclusivethanschooling.Educationknowsnobounds.47Itincludesboththeformallearningthattakesplaceinschoolsandthewholeuniverseofinformallearning.Theagentsofeducationcanrangefromareveredgrandparenttothepeopledebatingpoliticsontheradiofromachildtoadistinguishedscientist.Whereasschoolinghasacertainpredictabilityeducationquiteoftenproducessurprises.48.Peopleareengagedineducationfrominfancyon.Educationthenisaverybroadinclusiveterm.Itisalifelongprocessaprocessthatstartslongbeforethestartofschoolandonethatshouldbeanintegralpartofone’sentirelife.49.Throughoutacountrychildrenarriveatschoolatapproximatelythesametimetakeassignedseatsaretaughtbyanadultusesimilartextbooksdohomeworktakeexamsandsoon.Theslicesofrealitythataretobelearnedwhethertheyarethealphabetoranunderstandingoftheworkingsofgovernmenthaveusuallybeenlimitedbytheboundariesofthesubjectbeingtaught.Forexamplehighschoolstudentsknowthattheyarenotlikelytofindoutintheirclassesthetruthaboutpoliticalproblemsintheircommunitiesorwhatthenewestfilmmakersareexperimentingwith.50.A.Thedistinctionbetweenschoolingandeducationimpliedbythisremarkisimportant.B.Amanwhohasneverbeentoschoolcanalsobewell-educated.C.Therearedefiniteconditionssurroundingtheformalizedprocessofschooling.D.Itcantakeplaceanywherewhetherintheshowerorinthejobwhetherinakitchenoronatractor.E.Schoolingontheotherhandisaspecificformalizedprocesswhosegeneralpatternvarieslittlefromonesettingtothenext.F.Achanceconversationwithastrangermayleadapersontodiscoverhowlittleisknownofotherreligions.
A.tofindjobsB.todolow-skilllobsC.tofeeditspeopleD.tohandledisputesE.tomakeaprofitF.toworryabouttheBritisheconomyThecreativeindustriesfinditdifficult______.
NoisePollutionPsychologistsnowbelievethatnoisehasaconsiderableeffectonpeople’sattitudesandbehavior.Experimentshaveprovedthatinnoisysituationseventemporaryonespeoplewouldhavemoreirritability躁易怒andlesscooperation.Inmorepermanentnoisysituationsmanypeoplecannotworkhardandtheysufferfromsevereanxietyaswellasotherpsychologicalproblems.Someresearcherswhostudyvariousaspectsofeffectofnoiseinpeople’smentallifemaintainthatnoiseeithertemporarynoiseorpermanentnoiseoftendestroycreativityandactivitybydisturbingpeople’semotionandmakethemmoreirritableandhardtocooperate.Howeverpsychologistsdistinguishbetweensoundandnoise.Soundismeasuredphysicallyindecibels分贝.Noisecannotbemeasuredinthesamewaybecauseitreferstothepsychologicaleffectofsoundanditslevelofintensitydependsonthesituation.Thusforpassengersatanairportwhoexpecttohearairplanestakingoffandlandingtheremaybealotofsoundbutnotmuchnoisethatistheyarenotbotheredbythenoise.Bycontrastifyouareataconcertandtwopeoplebehindyouarewhisperingyoufeeltheyaretalkingnoisilyevenifthereisnotmuchsound.Younoticethenoisebecauseitaffectsyoupsychologically.Bothsoundandnoisecanhavenegativeeffectsbutwhatismostimportantisifthepersonhascontroloverthesound.Peoplewalkingdownthestreetwithearphoneslisteningtomusicthattheyenjoyarereceivingalotofdecibelsofsoundbuttheyareprobablyhappyhearingsoundswhichtheycontrol.Ontheotherhandpeopleinthestreetwithoutearphonesmusttoleratealotofnoisewhichtheyhavenocontrolover.Itisnoisepollutionthatweneedtocontrolinordertohelppeoplelivemorehappily.Itcanbeinterredfromthepassagethatweneedtocontrolnoisepollutionif______.
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