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Museums in the Modern World ? ?Museums have changed. They are no longer places for the privileged fe...
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下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题2第
下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题2第
?????????? ?????{{B}}MuseumsintheModernWorld{{/
下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题2第
Somepeoplelovegoingtomuseumswhileothersabsolutelyh
MuseumsintheModernWorld??Museumshavechanged.Theyar
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下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题2第
Somepeoplelovegoingtomuseumswhileothersabsolutelyh
?????????? ?????{{B}}MuseumsintheModernWorld{{/
?????????? ?????{{B}}MuseumsintheModernWorld{{/
?????????? ?????{{B}}MuseumsintheModernWorld{{/
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MuseumshavechangeD.Theyarenolongerplacesthatonesho
MuseumshavechangeD.Theyarenolongerplacesthatonesho
Somepeoplelovegoingtomuseumswhileothersabsolutelyh
?????????? ?????{{B}}MuseumsintheModernWorld{{/
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ChangesofMuseums46Theyarenolongerplacesfortheprivi
ChangesofMuseums???46?Theyarenolongerplacesforthep
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{{*HTML*}}TeachYourChildScience??1.Itisimportanttomakeyourchildinterestedinsciencefromanearlyage.Mostyoungchildrenaskalotofquestionsandyoushouldgivecarefulscientificanswers.Don’tonlygivefactsbuttrytogiveexplanationsaswell.??2.Scienceisnotjustknowledge;itisawayofthinkingamethodoffindingoutabouttheworld.Weseesomething.Wetrytoexplainitandwetestourideabysettingupanexperiment.Onedayyoucomehomeandfindtheplantonthetablehasfallenover.Youthinkitmightbethewindfromtheopenwindoworthecatsoyouclosethewindowbutleavethecatinandseewhathappensyoucanalsotryleavingthewindowopenandshuttingthecatout.Ofcourseyouremembertheremaybeathirdexplanation.??3.Askyourchildtogetapieceofstringsomesaltaglassofwaterandanicecube冰块.Tellhertoputtheiceinthewaterandthenputoneendofthestringontheiceleavingtheotherendoverthesideoftheglass.Putalittlesaltontheice.Waitaminuteandthenpullthestring;itshouldbeattachedtotheice.Askthechild:whathashappened???4.Probablyshewon’tknow.Askherwhetherfreshwaterorsaltwaterfreezesintoicefirst.Ifyouliveneartheseaandhaveacoldwintersheshouldknowfreshwaterfreezesfirstasshewillhaveseenthathappen.Showherhowtotesttheideabyhalf-fillingtwopapercupswithwateraddingsalttoone.Thenputthemintheiceboxandcheckeverythreeminutes.Writetheresultsinatable.Theconclusionwillbethatsaltchangesthebehaviourofwater.’Thinkingaboutthestringweseethesaltturnedsomeoftheiceintowater.Thenthesaltwentawayintothewaterandtheicefrozeagainleavingthestringattached.??5.ThenyoucanaskWillwaterwithsaltboilatthesametemperatureaswaterwithoutsalt?Shecanthinktellyouherideaandtakingcarebecauseoftheheatyoucantestitinthekitchen.??A.Whatexactlyisscience???B.Howdoyoufindanexplanation???C.Whattopicsdoyouneed???D.Howdoyouansweryourchild’squestions???E.Wheredoesyourchildstudyscience???F.Howdoyousetuptheexperimentonsaltandwater?Paragraph4______
Asinthefieldofspacetravelsoinunderseaexplorationnewtechnologiescontinuetoappear.Theyshareanumberofsimilaritieswitheachother—aswellassomeimportantdifferences. Mannedsubmersibles潜水器likespaceshipsmustmaintainlivingconditionsinanunnaturalenvironment.Butwhileaspaceshipmustsimplybesealedagainstthevacuumofspaceasubmersiblemustbeabletobearextremepressureifitisnottobreakupindeepwater. Inexploringspaceunmannedvehicleswereemployedbeforeastronauts.Inunderseaexplorationontheotherhandmenpavedthewayonlyrecentlyhaveunmannedremote-operatedvehiclesROVsbeenputtouse. Onereasonforthisisthatcommunicatingwithvehiclesinorbitismucheasierthantalkingtotheseunderwater.Avacuumamidealmediumforradiocommunicationsbutunderwatercommunicationsarelimitedtomuchslowersoundwaves.Thusmostunderseavehicles—particularlyROVs—operateattheendoflongropes. Forasimilarreasonknowingwhereyouareunderseaismuchmoredifficultthaninspace.Aspaceship’spositioncanbelocatedbyfollowingitsradiosignalorbyusingtelescopesandradar.Foranunderseavehiclehoweveraspecialnetworkofsonar声纳mustbelaidoutinadvanceontheocean’floorintheareaofadivetolocatethevehicle’sposition. Thoughunderseaexplorationismorechallengingthanouterspaceinanumberofrespectsithasadistinctadvantage:Goingtotheoceandepthsdoesn’trequirethepowernecessarytoescapeEarth’sgravity.Thusitremainsfarlessexpensive. WhichofthefollowingisNOTMENTIONEDinthepassage
ToflameuphisbossDickhadtomakeupevidence.
Asinthefieldofspacetravelsoinunderseaexplorationnewtechnologiescontinuetoappear.Theyshareanumberofsimilaritieswitheachother—aswellassomeimportantdifferences. Mannedsubmersibles潜水器likespaceshipsmustmaintainlivingconditionsinanunnaturalenvironment.Butwhileaspaceshipmustsimplybesealedagainstthevacuumofspaceasubmersiblemustbeabletobearextremepressureifitisnottobreakupindeepwater. Inexploringspaceunmannedvehicleswereemployedbeforeastronauts.Inunderseaexplorationontheotherhandmenpavedthewayonlyrecentlyhaveunmannedremote-operatedvehiclesROVsbeenputtouse. Onereasonforthisisthatcommunicatingwithvehiclesinorbitismucheasierthantalkingtotheseunderwater.Avacuumamidealmediumforradiocommunicationsbutunderwatercommunicationsarelimitedtomuchslowersoundwaves.Thusmostunderseavehicles—particularlyROVs—operateattheendoflongropes. Forasimilarreasonknowingwhereyouareunderseaismuchmoredifficultthaninspace.Aspaceship’spositioncanbelocatedbyfollowingitsradiosignalorbyusingtelescopesandradar.Foranunderseavehiclehoweveraspecialnetworkofsonar声纳mustbelaidoutinadvanceontheocean’floorintheareaofadivetolocatethevehicle’sposition. Thoughunderseaexplorationismorechallengingthanouterspaceinanumberofrespectsithasadistinctadvantage:Goingtotheoceandepthsdoesn’trequirethepowernecessarytoescapeEarth’sgravity.Thusitremainsfarlessexpensive. Oceanexplorationisnotsoexpensiveasspacetravelmainlybecause.
Doyoubelievethesetwointimatefriendsusedtobeenemies
ShoppinghabitsintheUnitedStateshavechangedgreatlyinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury.Asearlyasinthe1900smostAmericantownsandcitieshadaMainStreet.MainStreetwasalwaysintheheartofatown.Thisstreetwas51onbothsideswithmanyvariedbusinesses.Hereshopperswalkedintostorestolookatallsortsofmerchandise:clothingfurniturehardwaregroceries.52someshopsofferedservice.Theseshopsincludeddrugstoresrestaurantsshoerepairstoresandbarberorhairdressingshops. 53inthe1950sachangebegantotakeplace.ToomanyautomobileshadcrowdedintoMainStreet54toofewparkingplaceswere55shoppers.Becausethestreetswerecrowdedmerchantsbegantolookwithinterestattheopenspaces56thecitylimits.Openspaceiswhattheircardrivingcustomersneeded.Andopenspaceiswhattheygot57thefirstshoppingcentrewasbuilt.Shoppingcentresorrathermalls58asacollectionofsmallnewstores59crowdedcitycentres.60byhundredsoffreeparkingspacecustomersweredrawnawayfrom61areastooutlyingmalls.Andthegrowing62ofshoppingcentresled63tothebuildingofbiggerandbetterstockedstores.64thelate1970smanyshoppingmallshadalmostdevelopedintosmallcitiesthemselves.Inadditiontoprovidingtheconvenienceofonestopshoppingmallsweretransformedintolandscapedparks65benchesfountainsandoutdoorentertainment. 56
IntheUnitedStatestheneedtoprotectplantandanimalspecieshasbecomeahighlycontroversialandsharplypoliticalissuesincethepassageoftheEndangeredSpeciesActin1973.Theactdesignedtoprotectspecies’livingareasandpoliciesthatpreservelandandforestscompetewitheconomicinterests.Inthe1990’sforexamplethewoodcuttersintheWesternUnitedStateswerechallengedlegallyintheirattempttocuttreesfortimberintheCascadeMountains.Thechallengewasmountedtoprotecttheendangeredspottedowl猫头鹰whoseremainingpopulationoccupiestheseforestsandrequirestheintactancientforestforsurvival.Theproblematicsituationsettheinterestsofenvironmentalistsagainstthoseofcorporationsandofindividualswhostoodtolosejobs.Aftermonthsofdebateandlegalbattlesthefateofthewoodcutters—andtheowls—wasstillundecidedinmid-1992. Similartensionsexistbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingnations.Manypeopleinindustrializednationsforexamplebelievethatdevelopingnationsintropicalregionsshoulddomoretoprotecttheirrainforestsandothernaturalareas.Butthedevelopingcountriesmaybe impoverished使穷困withpopulationsgrowingsorapidlythatusingthelandisameanstotemporarilyavoidworseningpovertyandstarvation. ManyofthechangestoEarththatconcernscientistshavethepotentialtorobtheplanetofitsbiologicalrichness.ThedestructionofEarth’sozonelayer臭氧层forexamplecouldcontributetothegeneralprocessofimpoverishmentbyallowingultra-violetraystoharmplantsandanimals.Andglobalwarmingcouldwipeoutspeciesunabletoquicklyadapttochangingclimates.ClearlyprotectingwillcomeonlythroughcoordinatedinternationaleffortstocontrolhumanpopulationstabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphereandpreserveintactEarth’scomplexweboflife. Theprotectionofendangeredspeciesisahighlycontroversialissuebecauseitaffectstheinterestsofcertaingroupsofpeople.
ShoppinghabitsintheUnitedStateshavechangedgreatlyinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury.Asearlyasinthe1900smostAmericantownsandcitieshadaMainStreet.MainStreetwasalwaysintheheartofatown.Thisstreetwas51onbothsideswithmanyvariedbusinesses.Hereshopperswalkedintostorestolookatallsortsofmerchandise:clothingfurniturehardwaregroceries.52someshopsofferedservice.Theseshopsincludeddrugstoresrestaurantsshoerepairstoresandbarberorhairdressingshops. 53inthe1950sachangebegantotakeplace.ToomanyautomobileshadcrowdedintoMainStreet54toofewparkingplaceswere55shoppers.Becausethestreetswerecrowdedmerchantsbegantolookwithinterestattheopenspaces56thecitylimits.Openspaceiswhattheircardrivingcustomersneeded.Andopenspaceiswhattheygot57thefirstshoppingcentrewasbuilt.Shoppingcentresorrathermalls58asacollectionofsmallnewstores59crowdedcitycentres.60byhundredsoffreeparkingspacecustomersweredrawnawayfrom61areastooutlyingmalls.Andthegrowing62ofshoppingcentresled63tothebuildingofbiggerandbetterstockedstores.64thelate1970smanyshoppingmallshadalmostdevelopedintosmallcitiesthemselves.Inadditiontoprovidingtheconvenienceofonestopshoppingmallsweretransformedintolandscapedparks65benchesfountainsandoutdoorentertainment. 52
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{{*HTML*}}AHeroicWomanThewholeoftheUnitedStatescheereditslatestheroAshleySmithwiththeFederalBureauoflnvestigationsayingitwasplanningtogiveabigrewardtoherforhavingabraveheartandwisemind.?36?ShewasmovingintoherapartmentinAtlantaGeorgiaearlyonthemorningofMarch12whenamanfollowedhertoherdoorandputaguntoherside.IstartedwalkingtomydoorandIfeltreallyreallyafraidshesaidinaTVinterviewlastweek.ThemanwasBrianNichols33.HewassuspectedofkillingthreepeopleatanAtlantacourthouse法院onMarch11andlaterofkillingafederalagent.?37?NicholstiedSmithupwithtapebutreleasedheraftersherepeatedlybeggedhimnottotakeherlife.Itoldhimifhehurtmemylittlegirlwouldn’thaveamummyshesaid.InordertocalmthemandownshereadtohimfromThePurpose-DrivenLifeabest-sellingreligiousbook.Heaskedhertorepeataparagraphaboutwhatyouthoughtyourpurposeinlifewas-whattalentswereyougiven.?38?IbasicallyjusttalkedtohimandtriedtogainhistrustSmithsaid.SmithsaidsheaskedNicholswhyhechoseher.HesaidhethoughtIwasanangelsentfromGodandwewereChristiansisterandbroghershesaid.AndthathewaslostandthatGodledhimtometotellhimthathehadhurtalotofpeopole.?39?ShesaidNicholswassurprisedwhenshemadehimbreakfastandthatthetwoofthemwatchedtelevisioncoverage报道ofthepolicehuntforhim.Icannotbelievethat’smeNicholstoldthewoman.ThenNicholsaskedSmithwhatshethoughtheshoulddo.ShesaidIthinkyoushouldturnyourselfin.Ifyoudon’tlotsmorepeoplearegoingtogethurt.?Eventuallyhelethergo.?40?AUS$60000rewardhadbeenpostedforNichols’capture.AuthoritiessaidtheydidnotyetknowifSmithwouldbeeligible有资格的forthatmoney.A.Thelocalpoliceweresearchingforhim.B.Smithisa26-year-oldsinglemotherwithadaughter.C.SmithtriedveryhardtokillNichols.D.Sheevencookedbreakfastforthemanbeforeheallowedhertoleave.E.Andthetwoofthemdiscussedthistopic.F.Thenshecalledthepolice.
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{{*HTML*}}A.AtmosphericScientists??B.TheCalculationsMadeattheBerlinWorkshop??C.ThePreviousCalculationsoftheEffectofAerosols??D.TheScientists’Agreement??E.TheAuthoritativeConclusion??F.GreenhouseGasesParagraph3______
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AlmostHumanScientistsareracingtobuildtheworld’sfirstthinkingrobot.Thisisnotsciencefictionsomesaytheywillhavemadeitbytheyear2020.CarolPackerrepots.Machinesthatwalkspeakandfeelarenolongersciencefiction.Kismetisthenameofanandroid机器人whichscientistshavebuiltattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyMIT.Kismetisdifferentfromthetraditionalrobotbecauseitcanshowhumanemotions.Itseyes.earsandlipsmovetoshowwhenitfeelshappy.sadorbored.Kismetisoneofthefirstofanewgenerationofandroids—robotsthat100klikehumanbeings—whichcanimitatehumanfeelings.CoganotherandroidinventedbytheMITimitatestheactionofamotherHowerescientistsadmitthatsofarCoghasthementalabilityofatwo.year.old.Theoptimists乐观主义者saythatbytheyear2020wewillhavecreatedhumanoids机器人withbrainssimilartothoseofanadulthumanbeing.Theserobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemmoreattractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic.WhatkindofjobswilltheydoInthefuturerobotslikeRobonautahumanoidinventedbyNASAwillbedoingdangerousjobslikerepairingspacestationsTheywillalsobedoingmoreandmoreofthehouseholdworkforUS.InJapanscientistsaredesigningandroidsthatwillentertainUSbydancingandplayingthepiano.Somepeopleworryaboutwhatthefutureholdswillrobotsbecomemonsters怪物WillpeoplethemselvesbecomeincreasinglylikerobotsExpertspredictthatmoreandmorepeoplewillbewearingmicro-computersconnectedtotheInternetinthefuture.Peoplewillhavemicro-chipsinvariouspartsoftheirbodywhichwillconnectthemtoawidevarietyofgadgets小装置.Perhapsweshouldnotexaggerate夸大theimportanceoftechnologybutonewonderswhetherinyearstocomewewillstillbefallinginloveandwhetherwewillstillfeelpain.WhoknowsWhatmakesCogspecial
{{*HTML*}}A.AtmosphericScientists??B.TheCalculationsMadeattheBerlinWorkshop??C.ThePreviousCalculationsoftheEffectofAerosols??D.TheScientists’Agreement??E.TheAuthoritativeConclusion??F.GreenhouseGasesParagraph5______
IntheUnitedStatestheneedtoprotectplantandanimalspecieshasbecomeahighlycontroversialandsharplypoliticalissuesincethepassageoftheEndangeredSpeciesActin1973.Theactdesignedtoprotectspecies’livingareasandpoliciesthatpreservelandandforestscompetewitheconomicinterests.Inthe1990’sforexamplethewoodcuttersintheWesternUnitedStateswerechallengedlegallyintheirattempttocuttreesfortimberintheCascadeMountains.Thechallengewasmountedtoprotecttheendangeredspottedowl猫头鹰whoseremainingpopulationoccupiestheseforestsandrequirestheintactancientforestforsurvival.Theproblematicsituationsettheinterestsofenvironmentalistsagainstthoseofcorporationsandofindividualswhostoodtolosejobs.Aftermonthsofdebateandlegalbattlesthefateofthewoodcutters—andtheowls—wasstillundecidedinmid-1992. Similartensionsexistbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingnations.Manypeopleinindustrializednationsforexamplebelievethatdevelopingnationsintropicalregionsshoulddomoretoprotecttheirrainforestsandothernaturalareas.Butthedevelopingcountriesmaybe impoverished使穷困withpopulationsgrowingsorapidlythatusingthelandisameanstotemporarilyavoidworseningpovertyandstarvation. ManyofthechangestoEarththatconcernscientistshavethepotentialtorobtheplanetofitsbiologicalrichness.ThedestructionofEarth’sozonelayer臭氧层forexamplecouldcontributetothegeneralprocessofimpoverishmentbyallowingultra-violetraystoharmplantsandanimals.Andglobalwarmingcouldwipeoutspeciesunabletoquicklyadapttochangingclimates.ClearlyprotectingwillcomeonlythroughcoordinatedinternationaleffortstocontrolhumanpopulationstabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphereandpreserveintactEarth’scomplexweboflife. Cuttingtreestogrowmorefoodmayhamperadevelopingcountryinitsfightagainstpoverty.
ShoppinghabitsintheUnitedStateshavechangedgreatlyinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury.Asearlyasinthe1900smostAmericantownsandcitieshadaMainStreet.MainStreetwasalwaysintheheartofatown.Thisstreetwas51onbothsideswithmanyvariedbusinesses.Hereshopperswalkedintostorestolookatallsortsofmerchandise:clothingfurniturehardwaregroceries.52someshopsofferedservice.Theseshopsincludeddrugstoresrestaurantsshoerepairstoresandbarberorhairdressingshops. 53inthe1950sachangebegantotakeplace.ToomanyautomobileshadcrowdedintoMainStreet54toofewparkingplaceswere55shoppers.Becausethestreetswerecrowdedmerchantsbegantolookwithinterestattheopenspaces56thecitylimits.Openspaceiswhattheircardrivingcustomersneeded.Andopenspaceiswhattheygot57thefirstshoppingcentrewasbuilt.Shoppingcentresorrathermalls58asacollectionofsmallnewstores59crowdedcitycentres.60byhundredsoffreeparkingspacecustomersweredrawnawayfrom61areastooutlyingmalls.Andthegrowing62ofshoppingcentresled63tothebuildingofbiggerandbetterstockedstores.64thelate1970smanyshoppingmallshadalmostdevelopedintosmallcitiesthemselves.Inadditiontoprovidingtheconvenienceofonestopshoppingmallsweretransformedintolandscapedparks65benchesfountainsandoutdoorentertainment. 54
Theworkersinthatfactorymanufacturefurniture.
NoJetlag时差反应Anymore Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancescomplainofjetlag时差反应.Jetlagmakesbusinesstravelerslessproductive对产的有成效的andmoreprone51makingmistakes.Itisactuallycausedby52ofyour"bodyclock"-asmallcluster串组群ofbraincellsthatcontrolsthetimingofbiological53.Thebodyclockisdesignedforaregularrhythm节奏ofdaylightanddarknesssothatitisthrownoutofbalancewhenitexperiencesdaylightanddarknessatthe"wrong"timesinanewtimezone.The54ofjetlagoftenpersist持续fordays55theinternalbodyclockslowlyadjuststothenewtimezone. Nowanewanti-jetlagsystemisavailablethatisbasedonproven56andpioneeringscientificresearch.Dr.MartinMoorehasdevisedapracticalstrategytoadjustthebodyclockmuchsoonertothenewtimezone57controlledexposuretobrightlight.Thetimezoneshift转换iseasytoaccomplishandeliminates消除58ofthediscomfortofjetlag Asuccessfultimezoneshiftdependsonknowingtheexacttimestoeither59oravoidbrightlight.Exposuretolightatthewrongtimecanactuallymakejetlagworse.Theproperschedule60lightexposuredependsagreatdealon61travelplans. Dataonaspecificflightitinerary旅行路线andtheindividual’ssleep62areusedtoproduceatripguidewith63onexactlywhentobeexposedtobrightlight. Whenthetripguidecalls64brightlightyoushouldspendtimeoutdoorsifpossible.Ifitisdarkoutsideortheweatherisbad65youareonanairplaneyoucanuseaspeciallightdevicetoprovidethenecessarylightstimulus刺激forarangeofactivitiessuchasreadingwatchingTVorworking. 65
{{*HTML*}}AHeroicWomanThewholeoftheUnitedStatescheereditslatestheroAshleySmithwiththeFederalBureauoflnvestigationsayingitwasplanningtogiveabigrewardtoherforhavingabraveheartandwisemind.?36?ShewasmovingintoherapartmentinAtlantaGeorgiaearlyonthemorningofMarch12whenamanfollowedhertoherdoorandputaguntoherside.IstartedwalkingtomydoorandIfeltreallyreallyafraidshesaidinaTVinterviewlastweek.ThemanwasBrianNichols33.HewassuspectedofkillingthreepeopleatanAtlantacourthouse法院onMarch11andlaterofkillingafederalagent.?37?NicholstiedSmithupwithtapebutreleasedheraftersherepeatedlybeggedhimnottotakeherlife.Itoldhimifhehurtmemylittlegirlwouldn’thaveamummyshesaid.InordertocalmthemandownshereadtohimfromThePurpose-DrivenLifeabest-sellingreligiousbook.Heaskedhertorepeataparagraphaboutwhatyouthoughtyourpurposeinlifewas-whattalentswereyougiven.?38?IbasicallyjusttalkedtohimandtriedtogainhistrustSmithsaid.SmithsaidsheaskedNicholswhyhechoseher.HesaidhethoughtIwasanangelsentfromGodandwewereChristiansisterandbroghershesaid.AndthathewaslostandthatGodledhimtometotellhimthathehadhurtalotofpeopole.?39?ShesaidNicholswassurprisedwhenshemadehimbreakfastandthatthetwoofthemwatchedtelevisioncoverage报道ofthepolicehuntforhim.Icannotbelievethat’smeNicholstoldthewoman.ThenNicholsaskedSmithwhatshethoughtheshoulddo.ShesaidIthinkyoushouldturnyourselfin.Ifyoudon’tlotsmorepeoplearegoingtogethurt.?Eventuallyhelethergo.?40?AUS$60000rewardhadbeenpostedforNichols’capture.AuthoritiessaidtheydidnotyetknowifSmithwouldbeeligible有资格的forthatmoney.A.Thelocalpoliceweresearchingforhim.B.Smithisa26-year-oldsinglemotherwithadaughter.C.SmithtriedveryhardtokillNichols.D.Sheevencookedbreakfastforthemanbeforeheallowedhertoleave.E.Andthetwoofthemdiscussedthistopic.F.Thenshecalledthepolice.
TheNowRichandtheOldRichThoughitismere1to3percentofthepopulationtheupperclasspossessesatleast25percentofthenation’swealth.Thisclasshastwosegments:upper-upperandlower-upper.Basicallytheupper-upperclassistheoldrich—familiesthathavebeenwealthyforseveralgenerationsandaristocracyofbirthandwealth.TheirnamesareintheSocialRegisteralistingofacceptablemembersofhighsociety.AfewareknownacrossthenationsuchastheRockfellersRooseveltsandVanderbilts.Mostarenotvisibletothegeneralpublic.Theyliveingrandseclusion深居简出drawingtheirincomefromtheinvestmentoftheirinheritedwealth.Incontrastthelowerupperclassisthenewrich.Althoughtheymayhewealthierthansomeoftheoldrichthenewrichhavehustled急于做tomaketheirmoneylikeeverybodyelsebeneaththeirclass.Thustheirprestigeisgenerallylowerthanthatoftheoldrichwhohavenotfounditnecessarytoliftafingertomaketheirmoneyandwhotendtolookdownuponthenewrich.Howeveritswealthisacquiredtheupperclassisveryveryrich.Theyhaveenoughmoneyandleisuretimetocultivateaninterestintheartsandtocollectrarebookspaintingandsculpture.Theygenerallyliveinexclusiveareasbelongtoexclusivesocialclubscommunicatewitheachotherandmarrytheirownkind—allofwhichkeepsthemsodistantfromthemassesthattheyhavebeencalledtheout-of-sightclass.TheyalsocommandanenormousamountofpowerandinfluencehereandabroadastheyholdmanytopgovernmentpositionsruntheCouncilonforeignrelationsandcontrolmultinationalcorporations.Theiractionsaffectthelivesofmillions.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______.
NoJetlag时差反应Anymore Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancescomplainofjetlag时差反应.Jetlagmakesbusinesstravelerslessproductive对产的有成效的andmoreprone51makingmistakes.Itisactuallycausedby52ofyour"bodyclock"-asmallcluster串组群ofbraincellsthatcontrolsthetimingofbiological53.Thebodyclockisdesignedforaregularrhythm节奏ofdaylightanddarknesssothatitisthrownoutofbalancewhenitexperiencesdaylightanddarknessatthe"wrong"timesinanewtimezone.The54ofjetlagoftenpersist持续fordays55theinternalbodyclockslowlyadjuststothenewtimezone. Nowanewanti-jetlagsystemisavailablethatisbasedonproven56andpioneeringscientificresearch.Dr.MartinMoorehasdevisedapracticalstrategytoadjustthebodyclockmuchsoonertothenewtimezone57controlledexposuretobrightlight.Thetimezoneshift转换iseasytoaccomplishandeliminates消除58ofthediscomfortofjetlag Asuccessfultimezoneshiftdependsonknowingtheexacttimestoeither59oravoidbrightlight.Exposuretolightatthewrongtimecanactuallymakejetlagworse.Theproperschedule60lightexposuredependsagreatdealon61travelplans. Dataonaspecificflightitinerary旅行路线andtheindividual’ssleep62areusedtoproduceatripguidewith63onexactlywhentobeexposedtobrightlight. Whenthetripguidecalls64brightlightyoushouldspendtimeoutdoorsifpossible.Ifitisdarkoutsideortheweatherisbad65youareonanairplaneyoucanuseaspeciallightdevicetoprovidethenecessarylightstimulus刺激forarangeofactivitiessuchasreadingwatchingTVorworking. 63
ItseemsthatonlyMaryiseligibleforthejob.
{{*HTML*}}AHeroicWomanThewholeoftheUnitedStatescheereditslatestheroAshleySmithwiththeFederalBureauoflnvestigationsayingitwasplanningtogiveabigrewardtoherforhavingabraveheartandwisemind.?36?ShewasmovingintoherapartmentinAtlantaGeorgiaearlyonthemorningofMarch12whenamanfollowedhertoherdoorandputaguntoherside.IstartedwalkingtomydoorandIfeltreallyreallyafraidshesaidinaTVinterviewlastweek.ThemanwasBrianNichols33.HewassuspectedofkillingthreepeopleatanAtlantacourthouse法院onMarch11andlaterofkillingafederalagent.?37?NicholstiedSmithupwithtapebutreleasedheraftersherepeatedlybeggedhimnottotakeherlife.Itoldhimifhehurtmemylittlegirlwouldn’thaveamummyshesaid.InordertocalmthemandownshereadtohimfromThePurpose-DrivenLifeabest-sellingreligiousbook.Heaskedhertorepeataparagraphaboutwhatyouthoughtyourpurposeinlifewas-whattalentswereyougiven.?38?IbasicallyjusttalkedtohimandtriedtogainhistrustSmithsaid.SmithsaidsheaskedNicholswhyhechoseher.HesaidhethoughtIwasanangelsentfromGodandwewereChristiansisterandbroghershesaid.AndthathewaslostandthatGodledhimtometotellhimthathehadhurtalotofpeopole.?39?ShesaidNicholswassurprisedwhenshemadehimbreakfastandthatthetwoofthemwatchedtelevisioncoverage报道ofthepolicehuntforhim.Icannotbelievethat’smeNicholstoldthewoman.ThenNicholsaskedSmithwhatshethoughtheshoulddo.ShesaidIthinkyoushouldturnyourselfin.Ifyoudon’tlotsmorepeoplearegoingtogethurt.?Eventuallyhelethergo.?40?AUS$60000rewardhadbeenpostedforNichols’capture.AuthoritiessaidtheydidnotyetknowifSmithwouldbeeligible有资格的forthatmoney.A.Thelocalpoliceweresearchingforhim.B.Smithisa26-year-oldsinglemotherwithadaughter.C.SmithtriedveryhardtokillNichols.D.Sheevencookedbreakfastforthemanbeforeheallowedhertoleave.E.Andthetwoofthemdiscussedthistopic.F.Thenshecalledthepolice.
{{*HTML*}}TeachYourChildScience??1.Itisimportanttomakeyourchildinterestedinsciencefromanearlyage.Mostyoungchildrenaskalotofquestionsandyoushouldgivecarefulscientificanswers.Don’tonlygivefactsbuttrytogiveexplanationsaswell.??2.Scienceisnotjustknowledge;itisawayofthinkingamethodoffindingoutabouttheworld.Weseesomething.Wetrytoexplainitandwetestourideabysettingupanexperiment.Onedayyoucomehomeandfindtheplantonthetablehasfallenover.Youthinkitmightbethewindfromtheopenwindoworthecatsoyouclosethewindowbutleavethecatinandseewhathappensyoucanalsotryleavingthewindowopenandshuttingthecatout.Ofcourseyouremembertheremaybeathirdexplanation.??3.Askyourchildtogetapieceofstringsomesaltaglassofwaterandanicecube冰块.Tellhertoputtheiceinthewaterandthenputoneendofthestringontheiceleavingtheotherendoverthesideoftheglass.Putalittlesaltontheice.Waitaminuteandthenpullthestring;itshouldbeattachedtotheice.Askthechild:whathashappened???4.Probablyshewon’tknow.Askherwhetherfreshwaterorsaltwaterfreezesintoicefirst.Ifyouliveneartheseaandhaveacoldwintersheshouldknowfreshwaterfreezesfirstasshewillhaveseenthathappen.Showherhowtotesttheideabyhalf-fillingtwopapercupswithwateraddingsalttoone.Thenputthemintheiceboxandcheckeverythreeminutes.Writetheresultsinatable.Theconclusionwillbethatsaltchangesthebehaviourofwater.’Thinkingaboutthestringweseethesaltturnedsomeoftheiceintowater.Thenthesaltwentawayintothewaterandtheicefrozeagainleavingthestringattached.??5.ThenyoucanaskWillwaterwithsaltboilatthesametemperatureaswaterwithoutsalt?Shecanthinktellyouherideaandtakingcarebecauseoftheheatyoucantestitinthekitchen.??A.Whatexactlyisscience???B.Howdoyoufindanexplanation???C.Whattopicsdoyouneed???D.Howdoyouansweryourchild’squestions???E.Wheredoesyourchildstudyscience???F.Howdoyousetuptheexperimentonsaltandwater?Paragraph2______
AlmostHumanScientistsareracingtobuildtheworld’sfirstthinkingrobot.Thisisnotsciencefictionsomesaytheywillhavemadeitbytheyear2020.CarolPackerrepots.Machinesthatwalkspeakandfeelarenolongersciencefiction.Kismetisthenameofanandroid机器人whichscientistshavebuiltattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyMIT.Kismetisdifferentfromthetraditionalrobotbecauseitcanshowhumanemotions.Itseyes.earsandlipsmovetoshowwhenitfeelshappy.sadorbored.Kismetisoneofthefirstofanewgenerationofandroids—robotsthat100klikehumanbeings—whichcanimitatehumanfeelings.CoganotherandroidinventedbytheMITimitatestheactionofamotherHowerescientistsadmitthatsofarCoghasthementalabilityofatwo.year.old.Theoptimists乐观主义者saythatbytheyear2020wewillhavecreatedhumanoids机器人withbrainssimilartothoseofanadulthumanbeing.Theserobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemmoreattractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic.WhatkindofjobswilltheydoInthefuturerobotslikeRobonautahumanoidinventedbyNASAwillbedoingdangerousjobslikerepairingspacestationsTheywillalsobedoingmoreandmoreofthehouseholdworkforUS.InJapanscientistsaredesigningandroidsthatwillentertainUSbydancingandplayingthepiano.Somepeopleworryaboutwhatthefutureholdswillrobotsbecomemonsters怪物WillpeoplethemselvesbecomeincreasinglylikerobotsExpertspredictthatmoreandmorepeoplewillbewearingmicro-computersconnectedtotheInternetinthefuture.Peoplewillhavemicro-chipsinvariouspartsoftheirbodywhichwillconnectthemtoawidevarietyofgadgets小装置.Perhapsweshouldnotexaggerate夸大theimportanceoftechnologybutonewonderswhetherinyearstocomewewillstillbefallinginloveandwhetherwewillstillfeelpain.WhoknowsInthefuturerobotswillalso______.
TheNowRichandtheOldRichThoughitismere1to3percentofthepopulationtheupperclasspossessesatleast25percentofthenation’swealth.Thisclasshastwosegments:upper-upperandlower-upper.Basicallytheupper-upperclassistheoldrich—familiesthathavebeenwealthyforseveralgenerationsandaristocracyofbirthandwealth.TheirnamesareintheSocialRegisteralistingofacceptablemembersofhighsociety.AfewareknownacrossthenationsuchastheRockfellersRooseveltsandVanderbilts.Mostarenotvisibletothegeneralpublic.Theyliveingrandseclusion深居简出drawingtheirincomefromtheinvestmentoftheirinheritedwealth.Incontrastthelowerupperclassisthenewrich.Althoughtheymayhewealthierthansomeoftheoldrichthenewrichhavehustled急于做tomaketheirmoneylikeeverybodyelsebeneaththeirclass.Thustheirprestigeisgenerallylowerthanthatoftheoldrichwhohavenotfounditnecessarytoliftafingertomaketheirmoneyandwhotendtolookdownuponthenewrich.Howeveritswealthisacquiredtheupperclassisveryveryrich.Theyhaveenoughmoneyandleisuretimetocultivateaninterestintheartsandtocollectrarebookspaintingandsculpture.Theygenerallyliveinexclusiveareasbelongtoexclusivesocialclubscommunicatewitheachotherandmarrytheirownkind—allofwhichkeepsthemsodistantfromthemassesthattheyhavebeencalledtheout-of-sightclass.TheyalsocommandanenormousamountofpowerandinfluencehereandabroadastheyholdmanytopgovernmentpositionsruntheCouncilonforeignrelationsandcontrolmultinationalcorporations.Theiractionsaffectthelivesofmillions.Thereasonwhytheoldrichlookdownuponthenewrichisthat______.
Asinthefieldofspacetravelsoinunderseaexplorationnewtechnologiescontinuetoappear.Theyshareanumberofsimilaritieswitheachother—aswellassomeimportantdifferences. Mannedsubmersibles潜水器likespaceshipsmustmaintainlivingconditionsinanunnaturalenvironment.Butwhileaspaceshipmustsimplybesealedagainstthevacuumofspaceasubmersiblemustbeabletobearextremepressureifitisnottobreakupindeepwater. Inexploringspaceunmannedvehicleswereemployedbeforeastronauts.Inunderseaexplorationontheotherhandmenpavedthewayonlyrecentlyhaveunmannedremote-operatedvehiclesROVsbeenputtouse. Onereasonforthisisthatcommunicatingwithvehiclesinorbitismucheasierthantalkingtotheseunderwater.Avacuumamidealmediumforradiocommunicationsbutunderwatercommunicationsarelimitedtomuchslowersoundwaves.Thusmostunderseavehicles—particularlyROVs—operateattheendoflongropes. Forasimilarreasonknowingwhereyouareunderseaismuchmoredifficultthaninspace.Aspaceship’spositioncanbelocatedbyfollowingitsradiosignalorbyusingtelescopesandradar.Foranunderseavehiclehoweveraspecialnetworkofsonar声纳mustbelaidoutinadvanceontheocean’floorintheareaofadivetolocatethevehicle’sposition. Thoughunderseaexplorationismorechallengingthanouterspaceinanumberofrespectsithasadistinctadvantage:Goingtotheoceandepthsdoesn’trequirethepowernecessarytoescapeEarth’sgravity.Thusitremainsfarlessexpensive. Peopledidnotbegintouseunmannedvehiclesinunderseaexplorationuntilrecentlybecauseof.
IntheUnitedStatestheneedtoprotectplantandanimalspecieshasbecomeahighlycontroversialandsharplypoliticalissuesincethepassageoftheEndangeredSpeciesActin1973.Theactdesignedtoprotectspecies’livingareasandpoliciesthatpreservelandandforestscompetewitheconomicinterests.Inthe1990’sforexamplethewoodcuttersintheWesternUnitedStateswerechallengedlegallyintheirattempttocuttreesfortimberintheCascadeMountains.Thechallengewasmountedtoprotecttheendangeredspottedowl猫头鹰whoseremainingpopulationoccupiestheseforestsandrequirestheintactancientforestforsurvival.Theproblematicsituationsettheinterestsofenvironmentalistsagainstthoseofcorporationsandofindividualswhostoodtolosejobs.Aftermonthsofdebateandlegalbattlesthefateofthewoodcutters—andtheowls—wasstillundecidedinmid-1992. Similartensionsexistbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingnations.Manypeopleinindustrializednationsforexamplebelievethatdevelopingnationsintropicalregionsshoulddomoretoprotecttheirrainforestsandothernaturalareas.Butthedevelopingcountriesmaybe impoverished使穷困withpopulationsgrowingsorapidlythatusingthelandisameanstotemporarilyavoidworseningpovertyandstarvation. ManyofthechangestoEarththatconcernscientistshavethepotentialtorobtheplanetofitsbiologicalrichness.ThedestructionofEarth’sozonelayer臭氧层forexamplecouldcontributetothegeneralprocessofimpoverishmentbyallowingultra-violetraystoharmplantsandanimals.Andglobalwarmingcouldwipeoutspeciesunabletoquicklyadapttochangingclimates.ClearlyprotectingwillcomeonlythroughcoordinatedinternationaleffortstocontrolhumanpopulationstabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphereandpreserveintactEarth’scomplexweboflife. Theexplosionofthehumanpopulationwillwidenthegapbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingcountries.
Thesefactorsinteractintimatelyandcannotbeseparated.
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