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It’s in the Cards In recent years, more and more people have been paying for things with credit...
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{{*HTML*}}A.Formationoficeberg??B.Icebergisbeautiful??C.Coloroficeberg??D.Icebergisdangerous??E.Icebergismysterious??F.ClassificationoficebergParagraph1______
AnimalTestingControversyToparaphrase18thcenturystatesmanEdmundBurkeallthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.Onesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocateswhoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfundingandfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettingsmanyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.Forexampleagrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatcomesfromorisanimals-nomeatnofurnomedicinesAskedifsheopposedimmunizationsshewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.WhenassuredthattheydosherepliedThenIwouldhavetosayyes.AskedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturnshesaidDon’tworryscientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon’tunderstand.Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionateunderstandableway-inhumantermsnotinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother’shipreplacementafather’sbypassoperationababy’svaccinationsandevenapet’sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatmentsaswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccinesanimalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.Muchcanbedone.Scientistscouldadoptmiddleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditorlestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotourstoshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finallybecausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatientsthehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooperwhohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearchbutallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothingthereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.Theauthorbelievesthatinfaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocatesscientistsshould______.
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Heachievedsuccessthroughhardwork.
CollegeSportsintheUS CollegesportsintheUnitedStatesareahugedeal.AlmostallmajorAmericanuniversitieshavefootballbaseballbasketballandhockeyprogramsanddevotemillionsofdollarseachyeartosports.Mostofthemearnmillions51aswellintelevisionrevenuessponsorships.Theyalsobenefit52fromtheaddedpublicitytheygetviatheirteams.Big-nameuniversities54eachotherinthemostpopularsports.FootballgamesatMichiganregularlydrawcrowdsofover90000.Basketball’snationalcollegiatechampionshipgameisaTV54onaparwith与……相同或相似anyothersportingeventintheUnitedStates55perhapstheSuperBowlitself.Atanygiventimeduringfallorwinteronecan56one’sTVsetandseethetopathleticprograms—fromschoolslikeMichiganUCLADukeandStanford—57infrontofpackedhousesandnationalTVaudiences. Theathletesthemselvesarerecruitedandprovidedwithscholarships.Collegecoachesidentify58teenagersandthengointohighschoolsto59thecountry’sbestplayerstoattendtheiruniversities.Therearestrictrulesabout60coachescanrecruit—norecruitingcallsafter9p.m.onlyoneofficialvisittoacampus—buttheyareoftenbentandsometimes61.Topcollegefootballprogramsofferscholarshipsto20or30playerseachyearandthosestudent-athleteswhentheyarrive62campusreceivefreehousingtuitionmealsbooksetc. Inreturntheplayers63theprogramintheirsports.Footballplayersattopcolleges64twohoursadayfourdaysaweekfromJanuarytoApril.Insummerit’sbacktostrengthandagilitytrainingfourdaysaweekuntilmid-Augustwhencamp65andpreparationfortheopeningoftheSeptember-to-Decemberseasonbegins.DuringtheseasonpracticeslasttwoorthreehoursadayfromTuesdaytoFriday.Saturdayisgameday.Mondaysareanofficiallymandateddayofrest. 56
CollegeSportsintheUS CollegesportsintheUnitedStatesareahugedeal.AlmostallmajorAmericanuniversitieshavefootballbaseballbasketballandhockeyprogramsanddevotemillionsofdollarseachyeartosports.Mostofthemearnmillions51aswellintelevisionrevenuessponsorships.Theyalsobenefit52fromtheaddedpublicitytheygetviatheirteams.Big-nameuniversities54eachotherinthemostpopularsports.FootballgamesatMichiganregularlydrawcrowdsofover90000.Basketball’snationalcollegiatechampionshipgameisaTV54onaparwith与……相同或相似anyothersportingeventintheUnitedStates55perhapstheSuperBowlitself.Atanygiventimeduringfallorwinteronecan56one’sTVsetandseethetopathleticprograms—fromschoolslikeMichiganUCLADukeandStanford—57infrontofpackedhousesandnationalTVaudiences. Theathletesthemselvesarerecruitedandprovidedwithscholarships.Collegecoachesidentify58teenagersandthengointohighschoolsto59thecountry’sbestplayerstoattendtheiruniversities.Therearestrictrulesabout60coachescanrecruit—norecruitingcallsafter9p.m.onlyoneofficialvisittoacampus—buttheyareoftenbentandsometimes61.Topcollegefootballprogramsofferscholarshipsto20or30playerseachyearandthosestudent-athleteswhentheyarrive62campusreceivefreehousingtuitionmealsbooksetc. Inreturntheplayers63theprogramintheirsports.Footballplayersattopcolleges64twohoursadayfourdaysaweekfromJanuarytoApril.Insummerit’sbacktostrengthandagilitytrainingfourdaysaweekuntilmid-Augustwhencamp65andpreparationfortheopeningoftheSeptember-to-Decemberseasonbegins.DuringtheseasonpracticeslasttwoorthreehoursadayfromTuesdaytoFriday.Saturdayisgameday.Mondaysareanofficiallymandateddayofrest. 64
LivingindifferentcitiesLindaandLisaarestillintimatefriends.
CollegeSportsintheUS CollegesportsintheUnitedStatesareahugedeal.AlmostallmajorAmericanuniversitieshavefootballbaseballbasketballandhockeyprogramsanddevotemillionsofdollarseachyeartosports.Mostofthemearnmillions51aswellintelevisionrevenuessponsorships.Theyalsobenefit52fromtheaddedpublicitytheygetviatheirteams.Big-nameuniversities54eachotherinthemostpopularsports.FootballgamesatMichiganregularlydrawcrowdsofover90000.Basketball’snationalcollegiatechampionshipgameisaTV54onaparwith与……相同或相似anyothersportingeventintheUnitedStates55perhapstheSuperBowlitself.Atanygiventimeduringfallorwinteronecan56one’sTVsetandseethetopathleticprograms—fromschoolslikeMichiganUCLADukeandStanford—57infrontofpackedhousesandnationalTVaudiences. Theathletesthemselvesarerecruitedandprovidedwithscholarships.Collegecoachesidentify58teenagersandthengointohighschoolsto59thecountry’sbestplayerstoattendtheiruniversities.Therearestrictrulesabout60coachescanrecruit—norecruitingcallsafter9p.m.onlyoneofficialvisittoacampus—buttheyareoftenbentandsometimes61.Topcollegefootballprogramsofferscholarshipsto20or30playerseachyearandthosestudent-athleteswhentheyarrive62campusreceivefreehousingtuitionmealsbooksetc. Inreturntheplayers63theprogramintheirsports.Footballplayersattopcolleges64twohoursadayfourdaysaweekfromJanuarytoApril.Insummerit’sbacktostrengthandagilitytrainingfourdaysaweekuntilmid-Augustwhencamp65andpreparationfortheopeningoftheSeptember-to-Decemberseasonbegins.DuringtheseasonpracticeslasttwoorthreehoursadayfromTuesdaytoFriday.Saturdayisgameday.Mondaysareanofficiallymandateddayofrest. 62
PlantGas Scientistshavebeenstudyingnaturalsourcesofmethanefordecadesbuthadn’tregardedplantsasaproducernotesFrankKepplerageochemistattheMaxPlanckInstituteforNuclearPhysicsinHeidelbergGermany.NowKepplerandhiscolleaguesfindthatplantsfromgrassestotreesmayalsobesourcesofthegreenhousegas.Thisisreallysurprisingbecausemostscientistsassumedthatmethaneproductionrequiresanoxygen-freeenvironment. Previouslyresearchershadthoughtthatitwasimpossibleforplantstomakesignificantmountsofthegas.Theyhadassumedthatmicrobesneedtobeinenvironmentswithoutoxygentoproducemethane.Methaneisagreenhousegaslikecarbondioxide.GasessuchasmethaneandcarbondioxidetrapheatinEarth’satmosphereandcontributetoglobalwarming. InitsexperimentsKeppler’steamusedsealedchambersthatcontainedthesameconcentrationofoxygenthatEarth’satmospherehas.Theymeasuredtheamountsofmethanethatwerereleasedbybothlivingplantsanddriedplantmaterialsuchasfallenleaves. Withthedriedplantstheresearcherstookmeasurementattemperaturesrangingfrom30degreesCelsiusto70degreesC.At30degreesCtheyfoundagramofdriedplantmaterialreleasedupto3nanogramsofmethaneperhour.Onenanogramisabillionthofagram.Withevery10-degreeriseintemperaturetheamountofmethanereleasedeachhourroughlydoubled. Livingplantsgrowingattheirnormaltemperaturesreleasedasmuchas370nanogramsofmethanepergramofplanttissueperhour.Methaneemissionstripledwhenlivinganddeadplantwasexposedtosunlight. Becausetherewasplentyofoxygenavailableit’sunlikelythatthetypesofbacteriathatnormallymakemethanewereinvolved.Experimentsonplantsthatweregrowninwaterratherthansoilalsoresultedinmethaneemissions.That’sanotherstrongsignthatthegascamefromtheplantsandnotsoilmicrobes. Thenewfindingisan"interestingobservation"saysJenniferY.KingabiogeochemistattheUniversityofMinnesotainSt.Paul.Becausesometypesofsoilmicrobesconsumemethanetheymaypreventplant-producedmethanefromreachingtheatmosphere.Fieldtestswillbeneededtoassesstheplant’sinfluenceshenotes. Whatisthebeneficialpointofsomemicrobesconsumingplant-producedmethane
CollegeSportsintheUS CollegesportsintheUnitedStatesareahugedeal.AlmostallmajorAmericanuniversitieshavefootballbaseballbasketballandhockeyprogramsanddevotemillionsofdollarseachyeartosports.Mostofthemearnmillions51aswellintelevisionrevenuessponsorships.Theyalsobenefit52fromtheaddedpublicitytheygetviatheirteams.Big-nameuniversities54eachotherinthemostpopularsports.FootballgamesatMichiganregularlydrawcrowdsofover90000.Basketball’snationalcollegiatechampionshipgameisaTV54onaparwith与……相同或相似anyothersportingeventintheUnitedStates55perhapstheSuperBowlitself.Atanygiventimeduringfallorwinteronecan56one’sTVsetandseethetopathleticprograms—fromschoolslikeMichiganUCLADukeandStanford—57infrontofpackedhousesandnationalTVaudiences. Theathletesthemselvesarerecruitedandprovidedwithscholarships.Collegecoachesidentify58teenagersandthengointohighschoolsto59thecountry’sbestplayerstoattendtheiruniversities.Therearestrictrulesabout60coachescanrecruit—norecruitingcallsafter9p.m.onlyoneofficialvisittoacampus—buttheyareoftenbentandsometimes61.Topcollegefootballprogramsofferscholarshipsto20or30playerseachyearandthosestudent-athleteswhentheyarrive62campusreceivefreehousingtuitionmealsbooksetc. Inreturntheplayers63theprogramintheirsports.Footballplayersattopcolleges64twohoursadayfourdaysaweekfromJanuarytoApril.Insummerit’sbacktostrengthandagilitytrainingfourdaysaweekuntilmid-Augustwhencamp65andpreparationfortheopeningoftheSeptember-to-Decemberseasonbegins.DuringtheseasonpracticeslasttwoorthreehoursadayfromTuesdaytoFriday.Saturdayisgameday.Mondaysareanofficiallymandateddayofrest. 58
PlantGas Scientistshavebeenstudyingnaturalsourcesofmethanefordecadesbuthadn’tregardedplantsasaproducernotesFrankKepplerageochemistattheMaxPlanckInstituteforNuclearPhysicsinHeidelbergGermany.NowKepplerandhiscolleaguesfindthatplantsfromgrassestotreesmayalsobesourcesofthegreenhousegas.Thisisreallysurprisingbecausemostscientistsassumedthatmethaneproductionrequiresanoxygen-freeenvironment. Previouslyresearchershadthoughtthatitwasimpossibleforplantstomakesignificantmountsofthegas.Theyhadassumedthatmicrobesneedtobeinenvironmentswithoutoxygentoproducemethane.Methaneisagreenhousegaslikecarbondioxide.GasessuchasmethaneandcarbondioxidetrapheatinEarth’satmosphereandcontributetoglobalwarming. InitsexperimentsKeppler’steamusedsealedchambersthatcontainedthesameconcentrationofoxygenthatEarth’satmospherehas.Theymeasuredtheamountsofmethanethatwerereleasedbybothlivingplantsanddriedplantmaterialsuchasfallenleaves. Withthedriedplantstheresearcherstookmeasurementattemperaturesrangingfrom30degreesCelsiusto70degreesC.At30degreesCtheyfoundagramofdriedplantmaterialreleasedupto3nanogramsofmethaneperhour.Onenanogramisabillionthofagram.Withevery10-degreeriseintemperaturetheamountofmethanereleasedeachhourroughlydoubled. Livingplantsgrowingattheirnormaltemperaturesreleasedasmuchas370nanogramsofmethanepergramofplanttissueperhour.Methaneemissionstripledwhenlivinganddeadplantwasexposedtosunlight. Becausetherewasplentyofoxygenavailableit’sunlikelythatthetypesofbacteriathatnormallymakemethanewereinvolved.Experimentsonplantsthatweregrowninwaterratherthansoilalsoresultedinmethaneemissions.That’sanotherstrongsignthatthegascamefromtheplantsandnotsoilmicrobes. Thenewfindingisan"interestingobservation"saysJenniferY.KingabiogeochemistattheUniversityofMinnesotainSt.Paul.Becausesometypesofsoilmicrobesconsumemethanetheymaypreventplant-producedmethanefromreachingtheatmosphere.Fieldtestswillbeneededtoassesstheplant’sinfluenceshenotes. Whatwasscientists’understandingofmethane
ChangesinMuseums Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesthatone"should"visittheyareplacestoenjoyandlearn. AtasciencemuseuminOntarioCanadayoucanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmlesselectricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitan成都市的MuseumofArtinNewYorkCityyoucanlookattheseventeenthcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheirmusic.AtNewYork’sAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryrecentlyyoucanhelpmakeabone-by-bonereproductionofthemuseum’sdinosaur恐龙abeastthatlived200millionyearsage.Moreandmoremuseumdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycansomehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsforexampletherearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouchlistenoperateandexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.Thepurposeisnotonlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeelathomeintheworldofscience.Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstandsciencewillprobablyfearitandthosewhofearsciencewillnotuseittobestadvantage.Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincreaseinwealthandleisuretime.Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoungpeopleinthepopulation.ManyoftheseyoungpeoplearecollegestudentsorcollegegraduatesLeonF.Twiggsayoungblackprofessorofartoncesaid"Theyseethingsinanewanddifferentway.Theyarenotsatisfiedtostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipate参加in."Thesameistrueofscienceandhistory. NewYork’sAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryisopenedrecently.
U.S.BlacksHard-hitbyCancerDeathratesforcancerarefallingforallAmericansbutblackAmericansarestillmorelikelytodieofcancerthanwhitestheAmericanCancerSocietysaidMonday.Inaspecialreportoncancerandblackstheorganizationsaidblacksareusuallydiagnosedwithcancerlaterthanwhitesandtheyaremorelikelytodieofthedisease.Thiscouldbebecauseofunequal不平等的accesstomedicalcarebecauseblacksaremorelikelytohaveotherdiseasesaswellandperhapsbecauseofdifferencesinthebiology生物学ofthecanceritselfthereportadded.IngeneralblackAmericanshavelesshopeofsurvivingfiveyearsafterdiagnosisthanwhitesforallcancersitesandallstagesofdiagnosisthereportsaid.IndescribingcancerstatisticsforblackAmericansthisreportrecognizesthatmanyofthedifferencesassociatedwithracemaybecausedbyunfairsocialandeconomicdifferencesandunequalaccesstomedicalcare.Thecancersocietysaidblacksshouldbeencouragedtogetcheck-ups体格检查earlierwhencancerismoretreatableanditsaidmoreresearchisneededtoseeifbiologicaldifferencesplayarole.Thenewstatisticsemphasizethecontinuingimportanceofwipingouttheseunfairsocialdifferencesthroughpublicpolicyandeducationeffortstheorganizationsaidinastatement.Butitalsonotedadropincancerdeathrates.CancerdeathratesinbothsexesforallsitescombinedhavedroppedgreatlyamongblackAmericanssince1992ashaveincidencerates发生率saidthereport.Cancerismoretreatableifitisdetected
Argumentamongthespeakersattheconferenceisborderingonviolence.
ChangesinMuseums Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesthatone"should"visittheyareplacestoenjoyandlearn. AtasciencemuseuminOntarioCanadayoucanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmlesselectricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitan成都市的MuseumofArtinNewYorkCityyoucanlookattheseventeenthcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheirmusic.AtNewYork’sAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryrecentlyyoucanhelpmakeabone-by-bonereproductionofthemuseum’sdinosaur恐龙abeastthatlived200millionyearsage.Moreandmoremuseumdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycansomehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsforexampletherearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouchlistenoperateandexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.Thepurposeisnotonlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeelathomeintheworldofscience.Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstandsciencewillprobablyfearitandthosewhofearsciencewillnotuseittobestadvantage.Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincreaseinwealthandleisuretime.Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoungpeopleinthepopulation.ManyoftheseyoungpeoplearecollegestudentsorcollegegraduatesLeonF.Twiggsayoungblackprofessorofartoncesaid"Theyseethingsinanewanddifferentway.Theyarenotsatisfiedtostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipate参加in."Thesameistrueofscienceandhistory. Insciencemuseumstodaypeoplenolongerfeelstrangeintheworldofsciencebutgainscientificknowledgebythemselves.
{{*HTML*}}A.thatperson’shealth??B.ascientificanswer??C.scientificresearchers??D.thegenes??E.thefunction??F.thesizeGeneticmutationsinaperson’sgenomemayaffect______.
CollegeSportsintheUS CollegesportsintheUnitedStatesareahugedeal.AlmostallmajorAmericanuniversitieshavefootballbaseballbasketballandhockeyprogramsanddevotemillionsofdollarseachyeartosports.Mostofthemearnmillions51aswellintelevisionrevenuessponsorships.Theyalsobenefit52fromtheaddedpublicitytheygetviatheirteams.Big-nameuniversities54eachotherinthemostpopularsports.FootballgamesatMichiganregularlydrawcrowdsofover90000.Basketball’snationalcollegiatechampionshipgameisaTV54onaparwith与……相同或相似anyothersportingeventintheUnitedStates55perhapstheSuperBowlitself.Atanygiventimeduringfallorwinteronecan56one’sTVsetandseethetopathleticprograms—fromschoolslikeMichiganUCLADukeandStanford—57infrontofpackedhousesandnationalTVaudiences. Theathletesthemselvesarerecruitedandprovidedwithscholarships.Collegecoachesidentify58teenagersandthengointohighschoolsto59thecountry’sbestplayerstoattendtheiruniversities.Therearestrictrulesabout60coachescanrecruit—norecruitingcallsafter9p.m.onlyoneofficialvisittoacampus—buttheyareoftenbentandsometimes61.Topcollegefootballprogramsofferscholarshipsto20or30playerseachyearandthosestudent-athleteswhentheyarrive62campusreceivefreehousingtuitionmealsbooksetc. Inreturntheplayers63theprogramintheirsports.Footballplayersattopcolleges64twohoursadayfourdaysaweekfromJanuarytoApril.Insummerit’sbacktostrengthandagilitytrainingfourdaysaweekuntilmid-Augustwhencamp65andpreparationfortheopeningoftheSeptember-to-Decemberseasonbegins.DuringtheseasonpracticeslasttwoorthreehoursadayfromTuesdaytoFriday.Saturdayisgameday.Mondaysareanofficiallymandateddayofrest. 54
{{*HTML*}}A.thatperson’shealth??B.ascientificanswer??C.scientificresearchers??D.thegenes??E.thefunction??F.thesizeTheHumanGenomeProjectistryingtomapall______thatmakeushuman.
Ifweleavenowweshouldmissthetraffic．
CollegeSportsintheUS CollegesportsintheUnitedStatesareahugedeal.AlmostallmajorAmericanuniversitieshavefootballbaseballbasketballandhockeyprogramsanddevotemillionsofdollarseachyeartosports.Mostofthemearnmillions51aswellintelevisionrevenuessponsorships.Theyalsobenefit52fromtheaddedpublicitytheygetviatheirteams.Big-nameuniversities54eachotherinthemostpopularsports.FootballgamesatMichiganregularlydrawcrowdsofover90000.Basketball’snationalcollegiatechampionshipgameisaTV54onaparwith与……相同或相似anyothersportingeventintheUnitedStates55perhapstheSuperBowlitself.Atanygiventimeduringfallorwinteronecan56one’sTVsetandseethetopathleticprograms—fromschoolslikeMichiganUCLADukeandStanford—57infrontofpackedhousesandnationalTVaudiences. Theathletesthemselvesarerecruitedandprovidedwithscholarships.Collegecoachesidentify58teenagersandthengointohighschoolsto59thecountry’sbestplayerstoattendtheiruniversities.Therearestrictrulesabout60coachescanrecruit—norecruitingcallsafter9p.m.onlyoneofficialvisittoacampus—buttheyareoftenbentandsometimes61.Topcollegefootballprogramsofferscholarshipsto20or30playerseachyearandthosestudent-athleteswhentheyarrive62campusreceivefreehousingtuitionmealsbooksetc. Inreturntheplayers63theprogramintheirsports.Footballplayersattopcolleges64twohoursadayfourdaysaweekfromJanuarytoApril.Insummerit’sbacktostrengthandagilitytrainingfourdaysaweekuntilmid-Augustwhencamp65andpreparationfortheopeningoftheSeptember-to-Decemberseasonbegins.DuringtheseasonpracticeslasttwoorthreehoursadayfromTuesdaytoFriday.Saturdayisgameday.Mondaysareanofficiallymandateddayofrest. 60
U.S.BlacksHard-hitbyCancer DeathratesforcancerarefallingforallAmericansbutblackAmericansarestillmorelikelytodieofcancerthanwhitestheAmericanCancerSocietysaidMonday. Inaspecialreportoncancerandblackstheorganizationsaidblacksareusuallydiagnosedwithcancerlaterthanwhitesandtheyaremorelikelytodieofthedisease. Thiscouldbebecauseofunequal不平等的accesstomedicalcarebecauseblacksaremorelikelytohaveotherdiseasesaswellandperhapsbecauseofdifferencesinthebiology生物学ofthecanceritselfthereportadded. "IngeneralblackAmericanshavelesshopeofsurvivingfiveyearsafterdiagnosisthanwhitesforallcancersitesandallstagesofdiagnosis"thereportsaid. "IndescribingcancerstatisticsforblackAmericansthisreportrecognizesthatmanyofthedifferencesassociatedwithracemaybecausedbyunfairsocialandeconomicdifferencesandunequalaccesstomedicalcare." Thecancersocietysaidblacksshouldbeencouragedtogetcheck-ups体格检查earlierwhencancerismoretreatableanditsaidmoreresearchisneededtoseeifbiologicaldifferencesplayarole. "Thenewstatisticsemphasizethecontinuingimportanceofwipingouttheseunfairsocialdifferencesthroughpublicpolicyandeducationefforts"theorganizationsaidinastatement. Butitalsonotedadropincancerdeathrates. "CancerdeathratesinbothsexesforallsitescombinedhavedroppedgreatlyamongblackAmericanssince1992ashaveincidencerates发生率"saidthereport. Since1992cancerdeathratesamongblackAmericans
U.S.BlacksHard-hitbyCancerDeathratesforcancerarefallingforallAmericansbutblackAmericansarestillmorelikelytodieofcancerthanwhitestheAmericanCancerSocietysaidMonday.Inaspecialreportoncancerandblackstheorganizationsaidblacksareusuallydiagnosedwithcancerlaterthanwhitesandtheyaremorelikelytodieofthedisease.Thiscouldbebecauseofunequal不平等的accesstomedicalcarebecauseblacksaremorelikelytohaveotherdiseasesaswellandperhapsbecauseofdifferencesinthebiology生物学ofthecanceritselfthereportadded.IngeneralblackAmericanshavelesshopeofsurvivingfiveyearsafterdiagnosisthanwhitesforallcancersitesandallstagesofdiagnosisthereportsaid.IndescribingcancerstatisticsforblackAmericansthisreportrecognizesthatmanyofthedifferencesassociatedwithracemaybecausedbyunfairsocialandeconomicdifferencesandunequalaccesstomedicalcare.Thecancersocietysaidblacksshouldbeencouragedtogetcheck-ups体格检查earlierwhencancerismoretreatableanditsaidmoreresearchisneededtoseeifbiologicaldifferencesplayarole.Thenewstatisticsemphasizethecontinuingimportanceofwipingouttheseunfairsocialdifferencesthroughpublicpolicyandeducationeffortstheorganizationsaidinastatement.Butitalsonotedadropincancerdeathrates.CancerdeathratesinbothsexesforallsitescombinedhavedroppedgreatlyamongblackAmericanssince1992ashaveincidencerates发生率saidthereport.BlackAmericansaremorelikelytodieofcancerthan
Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing.
{{*HTML*}}A.Formationoficeberg??B.Icebergisbeautiful??C.Coloroficeberg??D.Icebergisdangerous??E.Icebergismysterious??F.ClassificationoficebergParagraph3______
ChangesinMuseums Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesthatone"should"visittheyareplacestoenjoyandlearn. AtasciencemuseuminOntarioCanadayoucanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmlesselectricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitan成都市的MuseumofArtinNewYorkCityyoucanlookattheseventeenthcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheirmusic.AtNewYork’sAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryrecentlyyoucanhelpmakeabone-by-bonereproductionofthemuseum’sdinosaur恐龙abeastthatlived200millionyearsage.Moreandmoremuseumdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycansomehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsforexampletherearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouchlistenoperateandexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.Thepurposeisnotonlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeelathomeintheworldofscience.Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstandsciencewillprobablyfearitandthosewhofearsciencewillnotuseittobestadvantage.Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincreaseinwealthandleisuretime.Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoungpeopleinthepopulation.ManyoftheseyoungpeoplearecollegestudentsorcollegegraduatesLeonF.Twiggsayoungblackprofessorofartoncesaid"Theyseethingsinanewanddifferentway.Theyarenotsatisfiedtostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipate参加in."Thesameistrueofscienceandhistory. Peoplecanaffordtogotthemodernmuseumssincetheyhavemoretimenow.
AnimalTestingControversyToparaphrase18thcenturystatesmanEdmundBurkeallthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.Onesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocateswhoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfundingandfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettingsmanyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.Forexampleagrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatcomesfromorisanimals-nomeatnofurnomedicinesAskedifsheopposedimmunizationsshewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.WhenassuredthattheydosherepliedThenIwouldhavetosayyes.AskedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturnshesaidDon’tworryscientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon’tunderstand.Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionateunderstandableway-inhumantermsnotinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother’shipreplacementafather’sbypassoperationababy’svaccinationsandevenapet’sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatmentsaswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccinesanimalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.Muchcanbedone.Scientistscouldadoptmiddleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditorlestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotourstoshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finallybecausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatientsthehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooperwhohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearchbutallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothingthereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.Misledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchis______.
PlantGas Scientistshavebeenstudyingnaturalsourcesofmethanefordecadesbuthadn’tregardedplantsasaproducernotesFrankKepplerageochemistattheMaxPlanckInstituteforNuclearPhysicsinHeidelbergGermany.NowKepplerandhiscolleaguesfindthatplantsfromgrassestotreesmayalsobesourcesofthegreenhousegas.Thisisreallysurprisingbecausemostscientistsassumedthatmethaneproductionrequiresanoxygen-freeenvironment. Previouslyresearchershadthoughtthatitwasimpossibleforplantstomakesignificantmountsofthegas.Theyhadassumedthatmicrobesneedtobeinenvironmentswithoutoxygentoproducemethane.Methaneisagreenhousegaslikecarbondioxide.GasessuchasmethaneandcarbondioxidetrapheatinEarth’satmosphereandcontributetoglobalwarming. InitsexperimentsKeppler’steamusedsealedchambersthatcontainedthesameconcentrationofoxygenthatEarth’satmospherehas.Theymeasuredtheamountsofmethanethatwerereleasedbybothlivingplantsanddriedplantmaterialsuchasfallenleaves. Withthedriedplantstheresearcherstookmeasurementattemperaturesrangingfrom30degreesCelsiusto70degreesC.At30degreesCtheyfoundagramofdriedplantmaterialreleasedupto3nanogramsofmethaneperhour.Onenanogramisabillionthofagram.Withevery10-degreeriseintemperaturetheamountofmethanereleasedeachhourroughlydoubled. Livingplantsgrowingattheirnormaltemperaturesreleasedasmuchas370nanogramsofmethanepergramofplanttissueperhour.Methaneemissionstripledwhenlivinganddeadplantwasexposedtosunlight. Becausetherewasplentyofoxygenavailableit’sunlikelythatthetypesofbacteriathatnormallymakemethanewereinvolved.Experimentsonplantsthatweregrowninwaterratherthansoilalsoresultedinmethaneemissions.That’sanotherstrongsignthatthegascamefromtheplantsandnotsoilmicrobes. Thenewfindingisan"interestingobservation"saysJenniferY.KingabiogeochemistattheUniversityofMinnesotainSt.Paul.Becausesometypesofsoilmicrobesconsumemethanetheymaypreventplant-producedmethanefromreachingtheatmosphere.Fieldtestswillbeneededtoassesstheplant’sinfluenceshenotes. Whichstatementistrueofthemethaneemissionsofplantsintheexperiment
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CollegeSportsintheUS CollegesportsintheUnitedStatesareahugedeal.AlmostallmajorAmericanuniversitieshavefootballbaseballbasketballandhockeyprogramsanddevotemillionsofdollarseachyeartosports.Mostofthemearnmillions51aswellintelevisionrevenuessponsorships.Theyalsobenefit52fromtheaddedpublicitytheygetviatheirteams.Big-nameuniversities54eachotherinthemostpopularsports.FootballgamesatMichiganregularlydrawcrowdsofover90000.Basketball’snationalcollegiatechampionshipgameisaTV54onaparwith与……相同或相似anyothersportingeventintheUnitedStates55perhapstheSuperBowlitself.Atanygiventimeduringfallorwinteronecan56one’sTVsetandseethetopathleticprograms—fromschoolslikeMichiganUCLADukeandStanford—57infrontofpackedhousesandnationalTVaudiences. Theathletesthemselvesarerecruitedandprovidedwithscholarships.Collegecoachesidentify58teenagersandthengointohighschoolsto59thecountry’sbestplayerstoattendtheiruniversities.Therearestrictrulesabout60coachescanrecruit—norecruitingcallsafter9p.m.onlyoneofficialvisittoacampus—buttheyareoftenbentandsometimes61.Topcollegefootballprogramsofferscholarshipsto20or30playerseachyearandthosestudent-athleteswhentheyarrive62campusreceivefreehousingtuitionmealsbooksetc. Inreturntheplayers63theprogramintheirsports.Footballplayersattopcolleges64twohoursadayfourdaysaweekfromJanuarytoApril.Insummerit’sbacktostrengthandagilitytrainingfourdaysaweekuntilmid-Augustwhencamp65andpreparationfortheopeningoftheSeptember-to-Decemberseasonbegins.DuringtheseasonpracticeslasttwoorthreehoursadayfromTuesdaytoFriday.Saturdayisgameday.Mondaysareanofficiallymandateddayofrest. 52
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