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Many a school in the United States ______ to train men in theology.
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PassageOne Amanoncesaidhowuselessitwastoputadvertisementsinthenewspapers."Lastweek"saidhe"myumbrellawasstolenfromaLondonChurch.AsitwasapresentIspenttwiceitsworthinadvertisingbutdidn’tgetitback." "Howdidyouwriteyouradvertisement"askedoneofthelistenersamerchant. "Hereitis"saidthemantakingoutofhispocketaslipcutfromanewspaper.Theothermantookitandread"LostfromtheCityChurchlastSundayeveningablacksilkumbrella.ThegentlemanwhofindsitwillreceivetenshillingsonleavingitatNo.10BroadStreet." "Now"saidthemerchant"Ioftenadvertiseandfindthatitpaysmewell.Butthewayinwhichanadvertisementisexpressedisofgreatimportance.LetustryforyourumbrellaagainandifitfailsI’llbuyyouanewone."Themerchantthentookaslipofpaperoutofhispocketandwrote:"IfthemanwhowasseentotakeanumbrellafromtheCityChurchlastSundayeveningdoesn’twishtogetintotroublehewillreturntheumbrellatoNo.10BroadStreet.Heiswellknown."Thisappearedinthepaperandonthefollowingmorningthemanwasastonishedwhenheopenedthefrontdoor.Inthedoorwaylayatleasttwelveumbrellasofallsizesandcolorsthathadbeenthrowninandhisownwasamongthenumber.Manyofthemhadnotesfastenedtothemsayingthattheyhadbeentakenbymistakeandbeggingthelosernottosayanythingaboutthematter. IfitfailsI'llbuyyouanewonesuggestedthat
PassageThree Anemployerhasseveralchoiceshecanconsiderwhenhewantstohireanewemployee.Firsthemaylookwithinhisowncompany.Butifnoneofthepresentemployeesaresuitableforthepositionhewillhavetolookoutsidethecompany.Ifhiscompanyhasapersonnelofficehecanaskthemtohelpfindqualifiedapplicants. Thereareothervaluablesourcestheemployercanusesuchasemploymentagenciesprofessionalsocietiesandsoon.Hecanalsoadvertiseinthenewspapersandmagazinesandaskprospectivecandidatestosendinresumes. Theemployerhastwokindsofqualificationstoconsiderwhenhewantstochoosefromamongapplicants.Hemustconsiderbothprofessionalqualificationsandpersonalcharacteristics.Acandidate’sprofessionalqualificationsincludehiseducationexperienceandskills.Thesecanbelistedonaresume.Personalcharacteristicsmustbeevaluatedthroughinterviews. Thispassagemainlytellsus
PassageThree Anemployerhasseveralchoiceshecanconsiderwhenhewantstohireanewemployee.Firsthemaylookwithinhisowncompany.Butifnoneofthepresentemployeesaresuitableforthepositionhewillhavetolookoutsidethecompany.Ifhiscompanyhasapersonnelofficehecanaskthemtohelpfindqualifiedapplicants. Thereareothervaluablesourcestheemployercanusesuchasemploymentagenciesprofessionalsocietiesandsoon.Hecanalsoadvertiseinthenewspapersandmagazinesandaskprospectivecandidatestosendinresumes. Theemployerhastwokindsofqualificationstoconsiderwhenhewantstochoosefromamongapplicants.Hemustconsiderbothprofessionalqualificationsandpersonalcharacteristics.Acandidate’sprofessionalqualificationsincludehiseducationexperienceandskills.Thesecanbelistedonaresume.Personalcharacteristicsmustbeevaluatedthroughinterviews. Professionalqualificationdoesnotinclude
"TwentyyearsagoifyouwereChineseandwerelookingforajobinoneofHongKong’slargebusinesscompaniesyouwouldhaveneededtobrushupyourEnglishfortheinterviewbecauseinthosedaysyoucouldbeverysuretheinterviewwouldbeinEnglish."Thepanelmightconsistoftwo"Expatriates"andtwoChinesebuttheywouldalluseEnglishintheinterview. ThingshavechangedconsiderablythesedaysinHongKong.As1997approachesthedaytodayspokenlanguageofbusinessinmanyofthelargecompaniesisChinesei.e.CantonesethelanguageofHongKong.Englishisusedonlywhennecessaryforinstancewhendealingwith"foreigners"bywhichismeantnotsimplynativespeakersofEnglishAmericanBritishCanadiansAustraliansandothersbutalsobusinessmenandwomenfromotherAsiancountrieslikeJapanIndiaKoreaSingaporeThailandandthePhilippinesandfromEuropeancountrieslikeGermanyFranceandHolland. InadditionanewimportantfactorinthebusinesslanguageequationofHongKongistheincreasingimportanceofMandarinthelinklanguageofMainlandChina.HongKong’sbusinesslifeincreasinglydependsonitsbeingathrough-portbetweenChinaandtheworldandasthedateofChina’stakeoverofHongKongapproachesmoreMandarinspeakingChinesearecomingtoHongKongtodobusiness.ThisputsnewpressureonthelocalCantonesetolearnMandarin. WithlocalizationoftopmanagementinHongKongcompaniesgoingaheadveryfastthedaysaregonewhenabrightyoungmanagerwithhisLondonMBAandmaybegoodScottishfamilyconnectionscouldcometoHongKongandsailintoajobafteracursoryinterviewconductedinEnglishbyawhollyexpatriateinterviewpanel.NowadaysthepanelislikelytoconsistofsophisticatedChinesewiththeirHarvardMBAandgoodHongKongfamilyconnectionsandthispanelwillbelookingforgoodMandarinasmuchasgoodmanners. Inthefirstparagraphthewordexpatriaterefersto
Thisstoryis21afarmhandandalandlord.Thefarmhandworkedhardalldaylong.22hegotvery23moneyandneverhadmuchtoeat. Onedaywhenthefarmhandwashavingbreakfastthelandlordcameandsaidtohim"It’stoomuch24togotoworkandthencomebackforlunchthengotothefieldsagainandcomebackfor25.SoIwantyoutohaveyourbreakfastlunchandsuppernow26yougotothefields." Howcouldamaneatthree27alltogether Thefarmhandsaid"Allright."He28hisbreakfastandwentout.Halfanlourlaterwhenthelandlordwasoutforawalkhesawthefarmhand29underatreedoing30Thelandlordwasverysurprised. "Whyaren’tyouworkinginthefields"heasked. Thefarmhandsaidwithasmile"WellI’vehadmysupperandyouknowverywellthataftersupperit’stimetorest." 29
Itishightimewe______.
PassageThree Anemployerhasseveralchoiceshecanconsiderwhenhewantstohireanewemployee.Firsthemaylookwithinhisowncompany.Butifnoneofthepresentemployeesaresuitableforthepositionhewillhavetolookoutsidethecompany.Ifhiscompanyhasapersonnelofficehecanaskthemtohelpfindqualifiedapplicants. Thereareothervaluablesourcestheemployercanusesuchasemploymentagenciesprofessionalsocietiesandsoon.Hecanalsoadvertiseinthenewspapersandmagazinesandaskprospectivecandidatestosendinresumes. Theemployerhastwokindsofqualificationstoconsiderwhenhewantstochoosefromamongapplicants.Hemustconsiderbothprofessionalqualificationsandpersonalcharacteristics.Acandidate’sprofessionalqualificationsincludehiseducationexperienceandskills.Thesecanbelistedonaresume.Personalcharacteristicsmustbeevaluatedthroughinterviews. Whenanemployerwantstohireanewemployeehewillconsider
A.Howdidyoulikeit B.IheardyoutookatriptoMexico. C.Maybebythenit’llbetoolate. D.Perhapsyoushouldbuyanewone. E.Youknowwhatyoucando F.That’sfunny. G.Youcantakeit. H.Canyoudomeafavor Jane:Mywatchalwaysgainstenminutesaday.Mary:______Mywatchalwayslosestenminutesaday.
Ifwewereaskedexactlywhatweweredoingayearagoweshouldprobablyhavetosaythatwecouldnotremember.Butifwehadkeptabookandhadwritteninitanaccountofwhatwedideachdayweshouldbeabletogiveananswertothequestion.Itisthesameinhistory.Manythingshavebeenforgottenbecausewedonothaveanywrittenaccountofthem.Sometimesmendidkeeparecordofthemostimportanthappeningsintheircountrybutoftenitwasdestroyedbyfireorinawar.Sometimestherewasneveranywrittenrecordatallbecausethepeopleofthattimeandplacedidnotknowhowtowrite.ForexampleweknowagooddealaboutthepeoplewholivedinChina4000yearsagobecausetheycouldwriteandleavewrittenrecordsforthosewholivedafterthem.Butweknowalmostnothingaboutthepeoplewholivedeven200yearsagoincentralAfricabecausetheyhadnotlearnedtowrtie. Sometimesofcourseevenifthepeoplecannotwritetheymayknowsomethingofthepast.Formostpeopleareproudtotellwhattheirfathersdidinthepast.Thiswemaycall"rememberedhistory"Someofithasnowbeenwrittendown.Itisnotsoexactorsovaluabletousaswrittenhistoryisbecausewordsaremuchmoreeasilychangedwhenusedagainandagaininspeechthanwhencopiedinwriting.Butwheretherearenowrittenrecordssuchspokenstoriesareoftenveryhelpful. Rememberedhistoryrefersto
Thisstoryis21afarmhandandalandlord.Thefarmhandworkedhardalldaylong.22hegotvery23moneyandneverhadmuchtoeat. Onedaywhenthefarmhandwashavingbreakfastthelandlordcameandsaidtohim"It’stoomuch24togotoworkandthencomebackforlunchthengotothefieldsagainandcomebackfor25.SoIwantyoutohaveyourbreakfastlunchandsuppernow26yougotothefields." Howcouldamaneatthree27alltogether Thefarmhandsaid"Allright."He28hisbreakfastandwentout.Halfanlourlaterwhenthelandlordwasoutforawalkhesawthefarmhand29underatreedoing30Thelandlordwasverysurprised. "Whyaren’tyouworkinginthefields"heasked. Thefarmhandsaidwithasmile"WellI’vehadmysupperandyouknowverywellthataftersupperit’stimetorest." 21
Thisstoryis21afarmhandandalandlord.Thefarmhandworkedhardalldaylong.22hegotvery23moneyandneverhadmuchtoeat. Onedaywhenthefarmhandwashavingbreakfastthelandlordcameandsaidtohim"It’stoomuch24togotoworkandthencomebackforlunchthengotothefieldsagainandcomebackfor25.SoIwantyoutohaveyourbreakfastlunchandsuppernow26yougotothefields." Howcouldamaneatthree27alltogether Thefarmhandsaid"Allright."He28hisbreakfastandwentout.Halfanlourlaterwhenthelandlordwasoutforawalkhesawthefarmhand29underatreedoing30Thelandlordwasverysurprised. "Whyaren’tyouworkinginthefields"heasked. Thefarmhandsaidwithasmile"WellI’vehadmysupperandyouknowverywellthataftersupperit’stimetorest." 25
你刚从海边度假回来对旅行社的服务不满意给旅行社经理写封投诉信
PassageTwo WhenIwasabout12Ihadanenemyagirlwholikedtopointoutmyshortcomings.Weekbyweekherlistgrew:IwasskinnyIwasn’tagoodstudentIwasboyishItalkedtooloudandsoon.IputupwithheraslongasIcould.AtlastwithgreatangerIrantomyfatherintears. Helistenedtomyoutburstquietly.Thenheasked"Arethethingsshesaystrueornot" TrueIwantedtoknowhowtostrikeback.Whatdidtruthhavetodowithit "Marydidn’tyoueverwonderwhatyouarereallylikeWellyounowhavethatgirl’sopinion.Goandmakealistofeverythingshesaidandmarkthepointsthataretrue.Paynoattentiontotheotherthingsshesaid." Ididashedirectedanddiscoveredtomysurprisethatabouthalfthethingsweretrue.SomeofthemIcouldn’tchangelikebeingskinnybutagoodnumberIcould-andsuddenlywantedto-change. ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIgotafairlyclearpictureofmyself. IbroughtthelistbacktoDaddy.Herefusedtotakeit. "That’sjustforyou"hesaid."Youknowbetterthananybodyelsethetruthaboutyourselfonceyouhearit.Butyou’vegottolearntolistennottocloseyourearsinangerorhurt.Whensomethingsaidaboutyouistrueyou’llknowit.You’llfindthatitwillechoinsideyou." Daddy’sadvicebasreturnedtomeatmanyimportantmoments. Whatdidthegirldowhenshecouldnolongerbearherenemy
"TwentyyearsagoifyouwereChineseandwerelookingforajobinoneofHongKong’slargebusinesscompaniesyouwouldhaveneededtobrushupyourEnglishfortheinterviewbecauseinthosedaysyoucouldbeverysuretheinterviewwouldbeinEnglish."Thepanelmightconsistoftwo"Expatriates"andtwoChinesebuttheywouldalluseEnglishintheinterview. ThingshavechangedconsiderablythesedaysinHongKong.As1997approachesthedaytodayspokenlanguageofbusinessinmanyofthelargecompaniesisChinesei.e.CantonesethelanguageofHongKong.Englishisusedonlywhennecessaryforinstancewhendealingwith"foreigners"bywhichismeantnotsimplynativespeakersofEnglishAmericanBritishCanadiansAustraliansandothersbutalsobusinessmenandwomenfromotherAsiancountrieslikeJapanIndiaKoreaSingaporeThailandandthePhilippinesandfromEuropeancountrieslikeGermanyFranceandHolland. InadditionanewimportantfactorinthebusinesslanguageequationofHongKongistheincreasingimportanceofMandarinthelinklanguageofMainlandChina.HongKong’sbusinesslifeincreasinglydependsonitsbeingathrough-portbetweenChinaandtheworldandasthedateofChina’stakeoverofHongKongapproachesmoreMandarinspeakingChinesearecomingtoHongKongtodobusiness.ThisputsnewpressureonthelocalCantonesetolearnMandarin. WithlocalizationoftopmanagementinHongKongcompaniesgoingaheadveryfastthedaysaregonewhenabrightyoungmanagerwithhisLondonMBAandmaybegoodScottishfamilyconnectionscouldcometoHongKongandsailintoajobafteracursoryinterviewconductedinEnglishbyawhollyexpatriateinterviewpanel.NowadaysthepanelislikelytoconsistofsophisticatedChinesewiththeirHarvardMBAandgoodHongKongfamilyconnectionsandthispanelwillbelookingforgoodMandarinasmuchasgoodmanners. WhydolocalCantoneselearnMandarin
PassageFour In1807NoahWebsterbeganhisgreatestworkAnAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.InpreparingtheworkhedevotedtenyearstothestudyofEnglishanditsrelationshiptootherlanguagesandsevenmoreyearstothewritingitself.Publishedintwovolumesin1828AnAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagehasbecometherecognizedauthority权威forusageintheUnitedStates.Webster’spurposeinwritingitwastoshowthattheAmericanlanguagewasdevelopingdistinctmeaningspronunciationsandspellingsfromthoseofBritishEnglish.Heisresponsibleforadvancingsimplifiedspellingforms:"develop"insteadoftheBritishform"develope";"theater"and"center"insteadof"theatre"and"centre";"color"and"honor"insteadof"colour"and"honour". Centerandtheaterare
PassageTwo WhenIwasabout12Ihadanenemyagirlwholikedtopointoutmyshortcomings.Weekbyweekherlistgrew:IwasskinnyIwasn’tagoodstudentIwasboyishItalkedtooloudandsoon.IputupwithheraslongasIcould.AtlastwithgreatangerIrantomyfatherintears. Helistenedtomyoutburstquietly.Thenheasked"Arethethingsshesaystrueornot" TrueIwantedtoknowhowtostrikeback.Whatdidtruthhavetodowithit "Marydidn’tyoueverwonderwhatyouarereallylikeWellyounowhavethatgirl’sopinion.Goandmakealistofeverythingshesaidandmarkthepointsthataretrue.Paynoattentiontotheotherthingsshesaid." Ididashedirectedanddiscoveredtomysurprisethatabouthalfthethingsweretrue.SomeofthemIcouldn’tchangelikebeingskinnybutagoodnumberIcould-andsuddenlywantedto-change. ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIgotafairlyclearpictureofmyself. IbroughtthelistbacktoDaddy.Herefusedtotakeit. "That’sjustforyou"hesaid."Youknowbetterthananybodyelsethetruthaboutyourselfonceyouhearit.Butyou’vegottolearntolistennottocloseyourearsinangerorhurt.Whensomethingsaidaboutyouistrueyou’llknowit.You’llfindthatitwillechoinsideyou." Daddy’sadvicebasreturnedtomeatmanyimportantmoments. Whatdidthegirl'senemyliketodo
PassageFive ItusedtotakeRedwoodCityCaliforniapolicehourstolocategunfire.Nowtheyhaveanewtoolthathelpsthemfindthegunfirequickly.ThisnewtooliscalledtheShotSpotter.ThepolicebeganusingtheShotSpotterin1995.Theywantedtocutdownongunfireintheircity. OneShotSpottercoversasquaremile.Eightmicrophonesareputontheroofsofbuildings.Thesemicrophonespickupgunfirenoise.Itonlytakessevensecondstoreportthegunfiretothepolice.Thenareddotonthepolicemapshowswheretheactionis. TheShotSpotterreallyworkswell.Itlocatesthegunfirewithin20to40feetplusorminus.RedwoodCitypoliceareveryhappywiththeShotSpotter.TheythinkitmighthavehelpedcatchtheD.C.sniper. ShotSpotterscostalotofmoney.Oneofthemsellsfor$200000.DespitethecostShotSpotterscanbeabighelpinfightingcrime. Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardShotSpooters
"TwentyyearsagoifyouwereChineseandwerelookingforajobinoneofHongKong’slargebusinesscompaniesyouwouldhaveneededtobrushupyourEnglishfortheinterviewbecauseinthosedaysyoucouldbeverysuretheinterviewwouldbeinEnglish."Thepanelmightconsistoftwo"Expatriates"andtwoChinesebuttheywouldalluseEnglishintheinterview. ThingshavechangedconsiderablythesedaysinHongKong.As1997approachesthedaytodayspokenlanguageofbusinessinmanyofthelargecompaniesisChinesei.e.CantonesethelanguageofHongKong.Englishisusedonlywhennecessaryforinstancewhendealingwith"foreigners"bywhichismeantnotsimplynativespeakersofEnglishAmericanBritishCanadiansAustraliansandothersbutalsobusinessmenandwomenfromotherAsiancountrieslikeJapanIndiaKoreaSingaporeThailandandthePhilippinesandfromEuropeancountrieslikeGermanyFranceandHolland. InadditionanewimportantfactorinthebusinesslanguageequationofHongKongistheincreasingimportanceofMandarinthelinklanguageofMainlandChina.HongKong’sbusinesslifeincreasinglydependsonitsbeingathrough-portbetweenChinaandtheworldandasthedateofChina’stakeoverofHongKongapproachesmoreMandarinspeakingChinesearecomingtoHongKongtodobusiness.ThisputsnewpressureonthelocalCantonesetolearnMandarin. WithlocalizationoftopmanagementinHongKongcompaniesgoingaheadveryfastthedaysaregonewhenabrightyoungmanagerwithhisLondonMBAandmaybegoodScottishfamilyconnectionscouldcometoHongKongandsailintoajobafteracursoryinterviewconductedinEnglishbyawhollyexpatriateinterviewpanel.NowadaysthepanelislikelytoconsistofsophisticatedChinesewiththeirHarvardMBAandgoodHongKongfamilyconnectionsandthispanelwillbelookingforgoodMandarinasmuchasgoodmanners. Whatwillbeexpectedforabusinessmanager
A.Howdidyoulikeit B.IheardyoutookatriptoMexico. C.Maybebythenit’llbetoolate. D.Perhapsyoushouldbuyanewone. E.Youknowwhatyoucando F.That’sfunny. G.Youcantakeit. H.Canyoudomeafavor Gerald:Excuseme.WillsomeonebeusingthisseatManager:No.______
Yououghtn'ttohavebeenthere______
PassageFive ItusedtotakeRedwoodCityCaliforniapolicehourstolocategunfire.Nowtheyhaveanewtoolthathelpsthemfindthegunfirequickly.ThisnewtooliscalledtheShotSpotter.ThepolicebeganusingtheShotSpotterin1995.Theywantedtocutdownongunfireintheircity. OneShotSpottercoversasquaremile.Eightmicrophonesareputontheroofsofbuildings.Thesemicrophonespickupgunfirenoise.Itonlytakessevensecondstoreportthegunfiretothepolice.Thenareddotonthepolicemapshowswheretheactionis. TheShotSpotterreallyworkswell.Itlocatesthegunfirewithin20to40feetplusorminus.RedwoodCitypoliceareveryhappywiththeShotSpotter.TheythinkitmighthavehelpedcatchtheD.C.sniper. ShotSpotterscostalotofmoney.Oneofthemsellsfor$200000.DespitethecostShotSpotterscanbeabighelpinfightingcrime. Thereddotonthepolicemapshows
Thisstoryis21afarmhandandalandlord.Thefarmhandworkedhardalldaylong.22hegotvery23moneyandneverhadmuchtoeat. Onedaywhenthefarmhandwashavingbreakfastthelandlordcameandsaidtohim"It’stoomuch24togotoworkandthencomebackforlunchthengotothefieldsagainandcomebackfor25.SoIwantyoutohaveyourbreakfastlunchandsuppernow26yougotothefields." Howcouldamaneatthree27alltogether Thefarmhandsaid"Allright."He28hisbreakfastandwentout.Halfanlourlaterwhenthelandlordwasoutforawalkhesawthefarmhand29underatreedoing30Thelandlordwasverysurprised. "Whyaren’tyouworkinginthefields"heasked. Thefarmhandsaidwithasmile"WellI’vehadmysupperandyouknowverywellthataftersupperit’stimetorest." 27
PassageOne Amanoncesaidhowuselessitwastoputadvertisementsinthenewspapers."Lastweek"saidhe"myumbrellawasstolenfromaLondonChurch.AsitwasapresentIspenttwiceitsworthinadvertisingbutdidn’tgetitback." "Howdidyouwriteyouradvertisement"askedoneofthelistenersamerchant. "Hereitis"saidthemantakingoutofhispocketaslipcutfromanewspaper.Theothermantookitandread"LostfromtheCityChurchlastSundayeveningablacksilkumbrella.ThegentlemanwhofindsitwillreceivetenshillingsonleavingitatNo.10BroadStreet." "Now"saidthemerchant"Ioftenadvertiseandfindthatitpaysmewell.Butthewayinwhichanadvertisementisexpressedisofgreatimportance.LetustryforyourumbrellaagainandifitfailsI’llbuyyouanewone."Themerchantthentookaslipofpaperoutofhispocketandwrote:"IfthemanwhowasseentotakeanumbrellafromtheCityChurchlastSundayeveningdoesn’twishtogetintotroublehewillreturntheumbrellatoNo.10BroadStreet.Heiswellknown."Thisappearedinthepaperandonthefollowingmorningthemanwasastonishedwhenheopenedthefrontdoor.Inthedoorwaylayatleasttwelveumbrellasofallsizesandcolorsthathadbeenthrowninandhisownwasamongthenumber.Manyofthemhadnotesfastenedtothemsayingthattheyhadbeentakenbymistakeandbeggingthelosernottosayanythingaboutthematter. Didthemerchantknowwhohadtakentheumbrella
"Don’ttrustanyoneover30’wasacatchword口号oftheyouthcultureinthepastdecades.NowthatsayingisbeingturnedonitsheadasAmericaundergoesatransformationfromasocietyforyouthintoanationinwhichmiddle-agedandelderlypeoplesetthepacebymereforceofnumber.ForthefirsttimeinU.S.historytherearemorepeopleof65andoverinthepopulationthanteenagersandby1990thenumberofoldercitizensisexpectedtoexceed31millionwhiletheteenagerpopulationshrinksto23million. Theriseof30and40-oldsmeansanexpandingmarketofhousingfurniturecomputersandotherhigh-techgoods.Theincreaseinmiddle-agedAmericansalongwiththeriseinfamilieswithbothhusbandandwifeworkingforecastsanexplosionofbuyingpoweraslargenumbersofpeoplehavemoretospend. Furtheralongontheagescaleagrowingmarketforluxuryitemsandtravelservicesamong"theactiverich"over50isfound.Productsaimedatthissectionrangefrommagazinestosunglasses.Thesechangesarebringinganewlooktoadvertising.Coupleswithchildrenaswellasolderpeoplearenowcommonlyshowninadsforeverythingfromcarstofrozenfoods. Filmsarechangingtoo.Tworecentbox-officehitsthatappealtoanolderaudiencedealwithsubjectsofinteresttoadults.TheagingofthepopulationisalsoproducingadropintheCrimerate.Studiesshowthatyoungpeoplearemorelikelytobelawbreakers.Astheirnumbersdecreasesodoescrime.Spendingpreferencesarebeingaffected.Researcherssaythatmanycommunitiesareputtingmoreemphasisonkeepingpropertytaxesdownevenifthatmeansspendinglessonschools.Schoolshavebecomelessimportantandlong-termhealthcaremoreimportantasAmericabecomesasocietywithfewerchildrenandmoreoldpeople. Themainideaofthepassageisthat
Thisstoryis21afarmhandandalandlord.Thefarmhandworkedhardalldaylong.22hegotvery23moneyandneverhadmuchtoeat. Onedaywhenthefarmhandwashavingbreakfastthelandlordcameandsaidtohim"It’stoomuch24togotoworkandthencomebackforlunchthengotothefieldsagainandcomebackfor25.SoIwantyoutohaveyourbreakfastlunchandsuppernow26yougotothefields." Howcouldamaneatthree27alltogether Thefarmhandsaid"Allright."He28hisbreakfastandwentout.Halfanlourlaterwhenthelandlordwasoutforawalkhesawthefarmhand29underatreedoing30Thelandlordwasverysurprised. "Whyaren’tyouworkinginthefields"heasked. Thefarmhandsaidwithasmile"WellI’vehadmysupperandyouknowverywellthataftersupperit’stimetorest." 23
PassageFour In1807NoahWebsterbeganhisgreatestworkAnAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.InpreparingtheworkhedevotedtenyearstothestudyofEnglishanditsrelationshiptootherlanguagesandsevenmoreyearstothewritingitself.Publishedintwovolumesin1828AnAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagehasbecometherecognizedauthority权威forusageintheUnitedStates.Webster’spurposeinwritingitwastoshowthattheAmericanlanguagewasdevelopingdistinctmeaningspronunciationsandspellingsfromthoseofBritishEnglish.Heisresponsibleforadvancingsimplifiedspellingforms:"develop"insteadoftheBritishform"develope";"theater"and"center"insteadof"theatre"and"centre";"color"and"honor"insteadof"colour"and"honour". InhowmanyvolumeswasAnAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagepublished
______makesmendifferentfromtheotheranimalsisthattheycanthinkandspeak.
PassageFive ItusedtotakeRedwoodCityCaliforniapolicehourstolocategunfire.Nowtheyhaveanewtoolthathelpsthemfindthegunfirequickly.ThisnewtooliscalledtheShotSpotter.ThepolicebeganusingtheShotSpotterin1995.Theywantedtocutdownongunfireintheircity. OneShotSpottercoversasquaremile.Eightmicrophonesareputontheroofsofbuildings.Thesemicrophonespickupgunfirenoise.Itonlytakessevensecondstoreportthegunfiretothepolice.Thenareddotonthepolicemapshowswheretheactionis. TheShotSpotterreallyworkswell.Itlocatesthegunfirewithin20to40feetplusorminus.RedwoodCitypoliceareveryhappywiththeShotSpotter.TheythinkitmighthavehelpedcatchtheD.C.sniper. ShotSpotterscostalotofmoney.Oneofthemsellsfor$200000.DespitethecostShotSpotterscanbeabighelpinfightingcrime. TheShotSpotterhashelpedpolice
PassageOne Amanoncesaidhowuselessitwastoputadvertisementsinthenewspapers."Lastweek"saidhe"myumbrellawasstolenfromaLondonChurch.AsitwasapresentIspenttwiceitsworthinadvertisingbutdidn’tgetitback." "Howdidyouwriteyouradvertisement"askedoneofthelistenersamerchant. "Hereitis"saidthemantakingoutofhispocketaslipcutfromanewspaper.Theothermantookitandread"LostfromtheCityChurchlastSundayeveningablacksilkumbrella.ThegentlemanwhofindsitwillreceivetenshillingsonleavingitatNo.10BroadStreet." "Now"saidthemerchant"Ioftenadvertiseandfindthatitpaysmewell.Butthewayinwhichanadvertisementisexpressedisofgreatimportance.LetustryforyourumbrellaagainandifitfailsI’llbuyyouanewone."Themerchantthentookaslipofpaperoutofhispocketandwrote:"IfthemanwhowasseentotakeanumbrellafromtheCityChurchlastSundayeveningdoesn’twishtogetintotroublehewillreturntheumbrellatoNo.10BroadStreet.Heiswellknown."Thisappearedinthepaperandonthefollowingmorningthemanwasastonishedwhenheopenedthefrontdoor.Inthedoorwaylayatleasttwelveumbrellasofallsizesandcolorsthathadbeenthrowninandhisownwasamongthenumber.Manyofthemhadnotesfastenedtothemsayingthattheyhadbeentakenbymistakeandbeggingthelosernottosayanythingaboutthematter. Theresultofthefirstadvertisementwasthat
Ifwewereaskedexactlywhatweweredoingayearagoweshouldprobablyhavetosaythatwecouldnotremember.Butifwehadkeptabookandhadwritteninitanaccountofwhatwedideachdayweshouldbeabletogiveananswertothequestion.Itisthesameinhistory.Manythingshavebeenforgottenbecausewedonothaveanywrittenaccountofthem.Sometimesmendidkeeparecordofthemostimportanthappeningsintheircountrybutoftenitwasdestroyedbyfireorinawar.Sometimestherewasneveranywrittenrecordatallbecausethepeopleofthattimeandplacedidnotknowhowtowrite.ForexampleweknowagooddealaboutthepeoplewholivedinChina4000yearsagobecausetheycouldwriteandleavewrittenrecordsforthosewholivedafterthem.Butweknowalmostnothingaboutthepeoplewholivedeven200yearsagoincentralAfricabecausetheyhadnotlearnedtowrtie. Sometimesofcourseevenifthepeoplecannotwritetheymayknowsomethingofthepast.Formostpeopleareproudtotellwhattheirfathersdidinthepast.Thiswemaycall"rememberedhistory"Someofithasnowbeenwrittendown.Itisnotsoexactorsovaluabletousaswrittenhistoryisbecausewordsaremuchmoreeasilychangedwhenusedagainandagaininspeechthanwhencopiedinwriting.Butwheretherearenowrittenrecordssuchspokenstoriesareoftenveryhelpful. Rememberedhistoryisregardedasvaluableonlywhen
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