首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
The love of money is the root of all evil.（ ）
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
卫生类《单项选择》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
Theloveofmoneyisthe{{U}}root{{/U}}ofallevil.
result
end
force
cause
Everybodywantsiteverybodyworksforitandnobodycanliv
Intoday’sworldmanypeopleseemtobehungryformoney.Mon
Theloveofmoneyistherootofallevil.
result
cause
end
force
Everybodywantsiteverybodyworksforitandnobodycanliv
下面Linux命令中可用于关闭系统
[root@root]#init 0
[root@root]# init 1
[root@root]# init 2
[root@root]# init 3
---I’dlovetogowithyoutotheconcertbutI’mshortofmone
We are friends, and we should help each other
It will be my treat
You know I have a lot of money
I’ve got enough money
Intoday’sworldmanypeopleseemtobehungryformoney.Som
Intoday’sworldmanypeopleseemtobehungryformoney.Som
Theloveofmoneyistherootof'allevil
result
end
cause
Force
Asweknowmostofthematerialthingsinourdailylifehavet
●下面Linux命令中可用于关闭系统
[root@root]#init 0
[root@root]#init 1
[root@root]#init 2
[root@root]#init 3
InthesentenceMoneyisoftensaidtobetherootofallevilr
Butmostimportantisthequalityoffamilylife.Moneycan’
下面Linux命令中可用于关闭系统
［root@root］#init0
［root@root］#init1
［root@root］#init2
［root@root］#init3
Asweknowmostofthematerialthingsinourdailylifehavet
阅读理解Intoday’sworldmanypeopleseemtobehungryformoney
Intoday’sworldmanypeopleseemtobehungryformoney.Som
Asweknowmostofthematerialthingsinourdailylifehavet
Asweknowmostofthematerialthingsinourdailylifehavet
热门试题
更多
EgyptFelledbyFamineEvenancientEgypt’smightypyramidbuilderswerepowerlessinthefaceofthefaminethathelpedbringdowntheircivilisationaround2180BC.NowevidencegleanedfrommuddepositedbytheRiverNilesuggeststhatashiftinclimatethousandsofkilometrestothesouthwasultimatelytoblame--andthesameorworsecouldhappentoday.TheancientEgyptiansdependedontheNile’sannualfloodstoirrigatetheircrops.ButanychangeinclimatethatpushedtheAfricanmonsoonssouthwardsoutofEthiopiawouldhavediminishedthesefloods.DwindlingrainsintheEthiopianhighlandswouldhavemeantfewerplantstostablisethesoil.WhenraindidfallitwouldhavewashedlargeamountsofsoilintotheBlueNileandintoEgyptalongwithsedimentfromtheWhiteNile4.TheBlueNilemudhasadifferentisotopesignaturefromthatoftheWhiteNile.SobyanalysingisotopedifferencesinmuddepositedintheNileDeltaMichaelKromofLeedsUniversityworkedoutwhatproportionofsedimentcamefromeachbranchoftheriver.KromreasonsthatduringperiodsofdroughttheamountoftheBlueNilemudintheriver’wouldberelativelyhigh.Hefoundthatoneoftheseperiodsfrom4500to4200yearsagoimmediatelypredatesthefalloftheEgypt’sOldKingdom.TheweakenedwaterswouldhavebeencatastrophicfortheEgyptians.Changesthataffectfoodsupplydon’thavetobeverylargetohavearippleeffectinsocietiessaysBillRyanoftheLamontDohertyEarthObservatoryinNewYork.SimilareventstodaycouldbeevenmoredevastatingsaysteammemberDanielStanleyageoarchaeologistfromtheSmithsonianInstitutioninWashingtonD.C.AnythinghumansdotoshifttheclimatebeltswouldhaveanevenworseeffectalongtheNilesystemtodaybecausethepopulationshaveincreaseddramatically./AccordingtoKromEgypt’sOldKingdomfell
Wehavetoputupwithherbehavior.
TheIceman OnaSeptemberdayin1991twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainsbetweenAustriaandItaly.Highuponamountainpasstheyfoundthebodyofamanlyingontheice.Atthatheight10499feetor3200meterstheiceisusuallypermanentbut1991hadbeenanespeciallywarmyear.Themountainicehadmeltedmorethanusualandsothebodyhadcometothesurface. Itwaslyingfacedownward.Theskeleton骨架wasinperfectconditionexceptforawoundinthehead.Therewasstillskinonthebonesandtheremainsofsomeclothes.Thehandswerestillholdingthewoodenhandleofanaxandonthefeettherewereverysimpleleatherandclothboots.Nearbywasapairofglovesmadeoftreebark树皮andaholderforarrows. WhowasthismanHowandwhenhadhediedEverybodyhadadifferentanswertothesequestions.SomepeoplethoughtthatitwasfromthiscenturyperhapsthebodyofasoldierwhodiedinWorldWarIsinceseveralsoldiershadalreadybeenfoundinthearea.ASwisswomanbelieveditmightbeherfatherwhohaddiedinthosemountainstwentyyearsbeforeandwhosebodyhadneverbeenfound.Thescientistswhorushedtolookatthebodythoughtitwasprobablymucholdermaybeevenathousandyearsold. WithmoderndatingtechniquesthescientistssoonlearnedthattheIcemanwasabout5300yearsold.Borninabout3300B.C.helivedduringtheBronzeAgeinEurope.Atfirstscientiststhoughthewasprobablyahunterwhohaddiedfromanaccidentinthehighmountains.Morerecentevidencehowevertellsadifferentstory.AnewkindofX-rayshowsanarrowheadstillstuckinhisshoulder.Itleftonlyatinyholeinhisskinbutitcausedinternaldamageandbleeding.Healmostcertainlydiedfromthiswoundandnotfromthewoundonthebackofhishead.Thismeansthathewasprobablyinsomekindofabattle.Itmayhavebeenpartofalargerwarorhemayhavebeenfightingbandits.Hemayevenhavebeenabandithimself. BystudyinghisclothesandtoolsscientistshavealreadylearnedagreatdealfromtheIcemanaboutthetimeshelivedin.Wemayneverknowthefullstoryofhowhediedbuthehasgivenusimportantcluestothehistoryofthosedistanttimes. AllthefollowingareassumptionsoncemadeabouttheIcemanEXCEPT
ThehugeOlympicParkwillbebuiltoutsidethecity.
{{*HTML*}}Scientistsworkingonaproblemdonotknowandsometimescan’tevenguesswhatthefinalresultwillbe.LateonFriday8November1895ProfessorRontgenaGermanphysicistwasdoinganexperimentinhislaboratorywhenhenoticedsomethingextraordinary.Hehadcoveredanelectricbulbwithblackcardboardandwhenheswitchedonthecurrenthesawlittledancinglightsonhistable.?46?;howthencouldanyraypenetrate?Onthetablethereweresomepiecesofpaperwhichhadbeencoveredwithmetalsalts.?47?.ProfessorRontgentookapieceofthispaperandhelditatadistancefromthelamp.Betweenitandthelampheplacedavarietyofobjectsabooksapackofcardsapieceofwoodandadoorkey.Theraypenetratedeveryoneofthemexceptthekey.Hecalledhiswifeintothelaboratoryandaskedhertoholdherhandbetweenthelampandaphotographicplate.?48?butsheheldupherhandforaquarterofanhourandwhentheplatewasdevelopedtherewasapictureofthebonesofherhandandoftheringononefinger.Themysteriousraycouldpassthroughthefleshandnotthroughtheboneorthering.??AtascientificmeetingProfessorRontegencalledthisnewraytheunknowntheX-ray.49?andsoontherewereX-raymachinesinallthebighospitals.Themostobvioususeforthisdiscoverywastoenabledoctorstoseeexactlyhowabonewasfractured.Otherusescamelater.Itwasfoundthattheserayscouldbeusedtodestroycancercellsjustastheydestroyedthehealthycellsofthedoctorswhofirstusedthemachines.?50?andthelungscouldbeX-rayedtoshowiftherewasanytuberculosispresent.??A.Itwasonthispaperthatthelightswereshining??B.Shewasverysurprisedbythisrequest??C.Nowthebulbwascompletelycovered??D.Itwasagreatinvention??E.Methodswerefoundlaterbywhichulcersinthestomachcouldbelocated??F.Doctorsquicklysawhowthiscouldbeused
Thisistheuniquesolutiontoourproblem.
ComingSoontoaTheaternearYou!WhatarespecialeffectsDoyouenjoymoviesthatusealotofspecialeffects.Dinosaurs恐龙fromthedistantpast!Spacebattlesfromthedistantfuture!Therehasbeenarevolutioninspecialeffectsandithastransformedthemovieswesee.Therevolutionbeganinthemid-1970swithGeorgeLucas’sStarWarsafilmthatstunned使震惊audiences.Thatrevolutioncontinuestothepresentwithdramaticchangesinspecialeffectstechnology.ThecompanybehindthesechangesisLucas’sIndustrialLight＆MagicILM.AndthemanbehindthecompanyisDennisMurenwhohasworkedwithLucassinceStarWars.Muren’sinterestinspecialeffectsbeganveryearly.Attheageof6hewasphotographingtoydinosaursandspaceships.At10hehadan8millimetermoviecameraandwasmakingthesethingsmovethroughstopmotion.Stop-motionisaprocessinwhichobjectsareshotwithacameramovedslightlyshotagainandsoon.Whentheshotsareputtogethertheobjectsappeartomove.TalktoMurenandyou’llunderstandwhatILMisallabout;takingonnewchallenges.By1989Murendecidedhehadpushedtheoldtechnologyasfarasitwouldgo.Hesawcomputergraphics图像CGtechnologyasthewaveofthefutureandtookayearoffthemasterit.WithCGtechnologyimagescanbescannedintoacomputerforprocessingforexampleandmanyseparateshotscanbecombinedintoasingleimage.CGtechnologyhasnowreachedthepointMurensayswherespecialeffectscanbeusedtodojustaboutanythingsothatmoviescantellstoriesbetterthaneverbefore.ThehugesuccessofJurassicParkanditssequel续集TheLostWorldthestarsofwhichwerecomputer-generateddinosaurssuggeststhatthismayverywellbetrue.Thespecial-effectsrevolutionbeganinthemid-1980swithStarWars.
Onlythreestrategiesareavailableforcontrollingcancerpreventionscreeningandtreatment.Lungcancercausesmoredeathsthananyothertypeofcancer.Amajorcauseofthediseaseis51known;thereisnogoodevidencethatscreeningisofmuchhelp;andtreatmentfailsinabout90percentofallcases.Atpresentthereforethemainstrategymustbe52.ThismaynotalwaysbetrueofcourseasforsomeothertypesOfcancerresearch53thepastfewdecadeshasproducedorsuggestedsomeimportantprogressinpreventionscreeningortreatment.54howeverweconsidernotwhatresearchmayonedayofferbutwhattoday’sknowledgecouldalreadydeliverthatisnotbeingdeliveredthenthemostpracticableandcost-effectiveopportunitiesforavoidingprematuredeathfromcancerespeciallylungcancerprobablyinvolveneitherscreeningnorimproved55butprevention. Thisconclusiondoesnotdependontheunrealisticassumptionthatwecan56tobacco.Itmerelyassumesthatwecanreducecigarettesalesappreciablybyraisingpricesorby57thetypeofeducationthatalreadyappearstohavehada58effectoncigaretteconsumptionbywhite-collarworkersandthatwecansubstantiallyreducetheamountoftardeliveredpercigarette.Thepracticabilityofpreventingcancerbysuchmeasuresappliesnotonlyinthosecountries59theUSwherebecausecigarettesmokinghasbeencommonfordecades25～30percentofallcancerdeathsnowinvolvelungcancerbutalsointhosewhereithasbecome60onlyrecently.InChinaforexamplelungcancer61accountsforonlyabout510percentofallcancerdeaths.Thisisbecauseitmaytakeasmuchashalfacentury62theriseinsmokingtoincreasetheincidenceoflungcancer.Countrieswherecigarettesmokingisonlynowbecomingwidespreadcanexpectenormousincreasesinlungcancerduringthe1990sorearlyinthenextcentury63prompteffectiveactionistakenagainstthehabit--indeed.suchincreasesarealreadyplainlyevidentinpartsof64. Therearefourreasonswhythepreventionoflungcancerisofsuchoverwhelmingimportance:firstthediseaseisextremelycommoncausingmoredeathsthananyothertypeofcancernowdoes;secondlyitisgenerallyincurable;thirdlyeffectivepracticablemeasurestoreduceitsincidencearealreadyreliablyknown;andfinally65tobaccoconsumptionwillalsohaveasubstantialimpactonmanyotherdiseases. 55
{{*HTML*}}Scientistsworkingonaproblemdonotknowandsometimescan’tevenguesswhatthefinalresultwillbe.LateonFriday8November1895ProfessorRontgenaGermanphysicistwasdoinganexperimentinhislaboratorywhenhenoticedsomethingextraordinary.Hehadcoveredanelectricbulbwithblackcardboardandwhenheswitchedonthecurrenthesawlittledancinglightsonhistable.?46?;howthencouldanyraypenetrate?Onthetablethereweresomepiecesofpaperwhichhadbeencoveredwithmetalsalts.?47?.ProfessorRontgentookapieceofthispaperandhelditatadistancefromthelamp.Betweenitandthelampheplacedavarietyofobjectsabooksapackofcardsapieceofwoodandadoorkey.Theraypenetratedeveryoneofthemexceptthekey.Hecalledhiswifeintothelaboratoryandaskedhertoholdherhandbetweenthelampandaphotographicplate.?48?butsheheldupherhandforaquarterofanhourandwhentheplatewasdevelopedtherewasapictureofthebonesofherhandandoftheringononefinger.Themysteriousraycouldpassthroughthefleshandnotthroughtheboneorthering.??AtascientificmeetingProfessorRontegencalledthisnewraytheunknowntheX-ray.49?andsoontherewereX-raymachinesinallthebighospitals.Themostobvioususeforthisdiscoverywastoenabledoctorstoseeexactlyhowabonewasfractured.Otherusescamelater.Itwasfoundthattheserayscouldbeusedtodestroycancercellsjustastheydestroyedthehealthycellsofthedoctorswhofirstusedthemachines.?50?andthelungscouldbeX-rayedtoshowiftherewasanytuberculosispresent.??A.Itwasonthispaperthatthelightswereshining??B.Shewasverysurprisedbythisrequest??C.Nowthebulbwascompletelycovered??D.Itwasagreatinvention??E.Methodswerefoundlaterbywhichulcersinthestomachcouldbelocated??F.Doctorsquicklysawhowthiscouldbeused
{{*HTML*}}Parkinson’sDisease??1.Parkinson’sdiseaseaffectsthewayyoumove.Ithappenswhenthereisaproblemwithcertainnervecellsinthebrain.Normallythesenervecellsmakeanimportantchemicalcalleddopamine多巴胺.Dopaminesendssignalstothepartofyourbrainthatcontrolsmovement.Itletsyourmusclesmovesmoothlyanddowhatyouwantthemtodo.WhenyouhaveParkinson’sthesenervecellsBreakdown.Thenyounolongerhaveenoughdopamineandyouhavetroublemovingthewayyouwantto.??2.Nooneknowsforsurewhatmakesthesenervecellsbreakdown.Butscientistsaredoingalotofresearchtolookfortheanswer.Theyarestudyingmanypossiblecausesincludingagingandpoisonsintheenvironment.AbnormalgenesseemtoleadtoParkinson’sdiseaseinsomepeople.Butsofarthereisnotenoughprooftoshowthatitisalwaysinherited.??3.Tremor颤抖maybethefirstsymptomyounotice.Itisoneofthemostcommonsignsofthediseasealthoughnoteveryonehasit.Tremoroftenstartsinjustonearmorlegoronlyononesideofthebody.Itmaybeworsewhenyouareawakebutnotmovingtheaffectedarmorleg.Itmaygetbetterwhenyoumovethelimboryouareasleep.IntimeParkinson’saffectsmusclesallthroughyourbodysoitcanleadtoproblemsliketroubleswallowingorconstipation便秘.InthelaterstagesofthediseaseapersonwithParkinson’smayhaveafixedorblankexpressiontroublespeakingandotherproblems.Somepeoplealsohaveadecreaseinmentalskills.??4.AtthistimethereisnocureforParkinson’sdisease.Butthereareseveraltypesofmedicinesthatcancontrolthesymptomsandmakethediseaseeasiertolivewith.Youmaynotevenneedtreatmentifyoursymptomsaremild.Yourdoctormaywaittoprescribemedicinesuntilyoursymptomsstarttogetinthewayofyourdailylife.Yourdoctorwilladjustyourmedicinesasyoursymptomsgetworse.Youmayneedtotakeseveralmedicinestogetthebestresults.??A.TipsforPatientswiththeDisease??B.CommonTreatmentfortheDisease??C.MeansofDiagnosisoftheDisease??D.TypicalSymptomsoftheDisease??E.PossibleCausesoftheDisease??F.DefinitionofParkinson’sDiseaseParagraph2______
{{*HTML*}}Parkinson’sDisease??1.Parkinson’sdiseaseaffectsthewayyoumove.Ithappenswhenthereisaproblemwithcertainnervecellsinthebrain.Normallythesenervecellsmakeanimportantchemicalcalleddopamine多巴胺.Dopaminesendssignalstothepartofyourbrainthatcontrolsmovement.Itletsyourmusclesmovesmoothlyanddowhatyouwantthemtodo.WhenyouhaveParkinson’sthesenervecellsBreakdown.Thenyounolongerhaveenoughdopamineandyouhavetroublemovingthewayyouwantto.??2.Nooneknowsforsurewhatmakesthesenervecellsbreakdown.Butscientistsaredoingalotofresearchtolookfortheanswer.Theyarestudyingmanypossiblecausesincludingagingandpoisonsintheenvironment.AbnormalgenesseemtoleadtoParkinson’sdiseaseinsomepeople.Butsofarthereisnotenoughprooftoshowthatitisalwaysinherited.??3.Tremor颤抖maybethefirstsymptomyounotice.Itisoneofthemostcommonsignsofthediseasealthoughnoteveryonehasit.Tremoroftenstartsinjustonearmorlegoronlyononesideofthebody.Itmaybeworsewhenyouareawakebutnotmovingtheaffectedarmorleg.Itmaygetbetterwhenyoumovethelimboryouareasleep.IntimeParkinson’saffectsmusclesallthroughyourbodysoitcanleadtoproblemsliketroubleswallowingorconstipation便秘.InthelaterstagesofthediseaseapersonwithParkinson’smayhaveafixedorblankexpressiontroublespeakingandotherproblems.Somepeoplealsohaveadecreaseinmentalskills.??4.AtthistimethereisnocureforParkinson’sdisease.Butthereareseveraltypesofmedicinesthatcancontrolthesymptomsandmakethediseaseeasiertolivewith.Youmaynotevenneedtreatmentifyoursymptomsaremild.Yourdoctormaywaittoprescribemedicinesuntilyoursymptomsstarttogetinthewayofyourdailylife.Yourdoctorwilladjustyourmedicinesasyoursymptomsgetworse.Youmayneedtotakeseveralmedicinestogetthebestresults.??A.TipsforPatientswiththeDisease??B.CommonTreatmentfortheDisease??C.MeansofDiagnosisoftheDisease??D.TypicalSymptomsoftheDisease??E.PossibleCausesoftheDisease??F.DefinitionofParkinson’sDiseaseParagraph4______
ComingSoontoaTheaternearYou!WhatarespecialeffectsDoyouenjoymoviesthatusealotofspecialeffects.Dinosaurs恐龙fromthedistantpast!Spacebattlesfromthedistantfuture!Therehasbeenarevolutioninspecialeffectsandithastransformedthemovieswesee.Therevolutionbeganinthemid-1970swithGeorgeLucas’sStarWarsafilmthatstunned使震惊audiences.Thatrevolutioncontinuestothepresentwithdramaticchangesinspecialeffectstechnology.ThecompanybehindthesechangesisLucas’sIndustrialLight＆MagicILM.AndthemanbehindthecompanyisDennisMurenwhohasworkedwithLucassinceStarWars.Muren’sinterestinspecialeffectsbeganveryearly.Attheageof6hewasphotographingtoydinosaursandspaceships.At10hehadan8millimetermoviecameraandwasmakingthesethingsmovethroughstopmotion.Stop-motionisaprocessinwhichobjectsareshotwithacameramovedslightlyshotagainandsoon.Whentheshotsareputtogethertheobjectsappeartomove.TalktoMurenandyou’llunderstandwhatILMisallabout;takingonnewchallenges.By1989Murendecidedhehadpushedtheoldtechnologyasfarasitwouldgo.Hesawcomputergraphics图像CGtechnologyasthewaveofthefutureandtookayearoffthemasterit.WithCGtechnologyimagescanbescannedintoacomputerforprocessingforexampleandmanyseparateshotscanbecombinedintoasingleimage.CGtechnologyhasnowreachedthepointMurensayswherespecialeffectscanbeusedtodojustaboutanythingsothatmoviescantellstoriesbetterthaneverbefore.ThehugesuccessofJurassicParkanditssequel续集TheLostWorldthestarsofwhichwerecomputer-generateddinosaurssuggeststhatthismayverywellbetrue.Today’sfilmmakersemphasizespecialeffectsattheexpenseofthestory.
{{*HTML*}}Parkinson’sDisease??1.Parkinson’sdiseaseaffectsthewayyoumove.Ithappenswhenthereisaproblemwithcertainnervecellsinthebrain.Normallythesenervecellsmakeanimportantchemicalcalleddopamine多巴胺.Dopaminesendssignalstothepartofyourbrainthatcontrolsmovement.Itletsyourmusclesmovesmoothlyanddowhatyouwantthemtodo.WhenyouhaveParkinson’sthesenervecellsBreakdown.Thenyounolongerhaveenoughdopamineandyouhavetroublemovingthewayyouwantto.??2.Nooneknowsforsurewhatmakesthesenervecellsbreakdown.Butscientistsaredoingalotofresearchtolookfortheanswer.Theyarestudyingmanypossiblecausesincludingagingandpoisonsintheenvironment.AbnormalgenesseemtoleadtoParkinson’sdiseaseinsomepeople.Butsofarthereisnotenoughprooftoshowthatitisalwaysinherited.??3.Tremor颤抖maybethefirstsymptomyounotice.Itisoneofthemostcommonsignsofthediseasealthoughnoteveryonehasit.Tremoroftenstartsinjustonearmorlegoronlyononesideofthebody.Itmaybeworsewhenyouareawakebutnotmovingtheaffectedarmorleg.Itmaygetbetterwhenyoumovethelimboryouareasleep.IntimeParkinson’saffectsmusclesallthroughyourbodysoitcanleadtoproblemsliketroubleswallowingorconstipation便秘.InthelaterstagesofthediseaseapersonwithParkinson’smayhaveafixedorblankexpressiontroublespeakingandotherproblems.Somepeoplealsohaveadecreaseinmentalskills.??4.AtthistimethereisnocureforParkinson’sdisease.Butthereareseveraltypesofmedicinesthatcancontrolthesymptomsandmakethediseaseeasiertolivewith.Youmaynotevenneedtreatmentifyoursymptomsaremild.Yourdoctormaywaittoprescribemedicinesuntilyoursymptomsstarttogetinthewayofyourdailylife.Yourdoctorwilladjustyourmedicinesasyoursymptomsgetworse.Youmayneedtotakeseveralmedicinestogetthebestresults.??A.TipsforPatientswiththeDisease??B.CommonTreatmentfortheDisease??C.MeansofDiagnosisoftheDisease??D.TypicalSymptomsoftheDisease??E.PossibleCausesoftheDisease??F.DefinitionofParkinson’sDiseaseApersonwithParkinson’shastolearntolivewiththedisease______.
TheIceman OnaSeptemberdayin1991twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainsbetweenAustriaandItaly.Highuponamountainpasstheyfoundthebodyofamanlyingontheice.Atthatheight10499feetor3200meterstheiceisusuallypermanentbut1991hadbeenanespeciallywarmyear.Themountainicehadmeltedmorethanusualandsothebodyhadcometothesurface. Itwaslyingfacedownward.Theskeleton骨架wasinperfectconditionexceptforawoundinthehead.Therewasstillskinonthebonesandtheremainsofsomeclothes.Thehandswerestillholdingthewoodenhandleofanaxandonthefeettherewereverysimpleleatherandclothboots.Nearbywasapairofglovesmadeoftreebark树皮andaholderforarrows. WhowasthismanHowandwhenhadhediedEverybodyhadadifferentanswertothesequestions.SomepeoplethoughtthatitwasfromthiscenturyperhapsthebodyofasoldierwhodiedinWorldWarIsinceseveralsoldiershadalreadybeenfoundinthearea.ASwisswomanbelieveditmightbeherfatherwhohaddiedinthosemountainstwentyyearsbeforeandwhosebodyhadneverbeenfound.Thescientistswhorushedtolookatthebodythoughtitwasprobablymucholdermaybeevenathousandyearsold. WithmoderndatingtechniquesthescientistssoonlearnedthattheIcemanwasabout5300yearsold.Borninabout3300B.C.helivedduringtheBronzeAgeinEurope.Atfirstscientiststhoughthewasprobablyahunterwhohaddiedfromanaccidentinthehighmountains.Morerecentevidencehowevertellsadifferentstory.AnewkindofX-rayshowsanarrowheadstillstuckinhisshoulder.Itleftonlyatinyholeinhisskinbutitcausedinternaldamageandbleeding.Healmostcertainlydiedfromthiswoundandnotfromthewoundonthebackofhishead.Thismeansthathewasprobablyinsomekindofabattle.Itmayhavebeenpartofalargerwarorhemayhavebeenfightingbandits.Hemayevenhavebeenabandithimself. BystudyinghisclothesandtoolsscientistshavealreadylearnedagreatdealfromtheIcemanaboutthetimeshelivedin.Wemayneverknowthefullstoryofhowhediedbuthehasgivenusimportantcluestothehistoryofthosedistanttimes. Thewordbanditsinparagraph4couldbebestreplacedby
ComingSoontoaTheaternearYou!WhatarespecialeffectsDoyouenjoymoviesthatusealotofspecialeffects.Dinosaurs恐龙fromthedistantpast!Spacebattlesfromthedistantfuture!Therehasbeenarevolutioninspecialeffectsandithastransformedthemovieswesee.Therevolutionbeganinthemid-1970swithGeorgeLucas’sStarWarsafilmthatstunned使震惊audiences.Thatrevolutioncontinuestothepresentwithdramaticchangesinspecialeffectstechnology.ThecompanybehindthesechangesisLucas’sIndustrialLight＆MagicILM.AndthemanbehindthecompanyisDennisMurenwhohasworkedwithLucassinceStarWars.Muren’sinterestinspecialeffectsbeganveryearly.Attheageof6hewasphotographingtoydinosaursandspaceships.At10hehadan8millimetermoviecameraandwasmakingthesethingsmovethroughstopmotion.Stop-motionisaprocessinwhichobjectsareshotwithacameramovedslightlyshotagainandsoon.Whentheshotsareputtogethertheobjectsappeartomove.TalktoMurenandyou’llunderstandwhatILMisallabout;takingonnewchallenges.By1989Murendecidedhehadpushedtheoldtechnologyasfarasitwouldgo.Hesawcomputergraphics图像CGtechnologyasthewaveofthefutureandtookayearoffthemasterit.WithCGtechnologyimagescanbescannedintoacomputerforprocessingforexampleandmanyseparateshotscanbecombinedintoasingleimage.CGtechnologyhasnowreachedthepointMurensayswherespecialeffectscanbeusedtodojustaboutanythingsothatmoviescantellstoriesbetterthaneverbefore.ThehugesuccessofJurassicParkanditssequel续集TheLostWorldthestarsofwhichwerecomputer-generateddinosaurssuggeststhatthismayverywellbetrue.DennisMurenstartedhisschoolingataveryearlyage.
Onlythreestrategiesareavailableforcontrollingcancerpreventionscreeningandtreatment.Lungcancercausesmoredeathsthananyothertypeofcancer.Amajorcauseofthediseaseis51known;thereisnogoodevidencethatscreeningisofmuchhelp;andtreatmentfailsinabout90percentofallcases.Atpresentthereforethemainstrategymustbe52.ThismaynotalwaysbetrueofcourseasforsomeothertypesOfcancerresearch53thepastfewdecadeshasproducedorsuggestedsomeimportantprogressinpreventionscreeningortreatment.54howeverweconsidernotwhatresearchmayonedayofferbutwhattoday’sknowledgecouldalreadydeliverthatisnotbeingdeliveredthenthemostpracticableandcost-effectiveopportunitiesforavoidingprematuredeathfromcancerespeciallylungcancerprobablyinvolveneitherscreeningnorimproved55butprevention.Thisconclusiondoesnotdependontheunrealisticassumptionthatwecan56tobacco.Itmerelyassumesthatwecanreducecigarettesalesappreciablybyraisingpricesorby57thetypeofeducationthatalreadyappearstohavehada58effectoncigaretteconsumptionbywhite-collarworkersandthatwecansubstantiallyreducetheamountoftardeliveredpercigarette.Thepracticabilityofpreventingcancerbysuchmeasuresappliesnotonlyinthosecountries59theUSwherebecausecigarettesmokinghasbeencommonfordecades25～30percentofallcancerdeathsnowinvolvelungcancerbutalsointhosewhereithasbecome60onlyrecently.InChinaforexamplelungcancer61accountsforonlyabout510percentofallcancerdeaths.Thisisbecauseitmaytakeasmuchashalfacentury62theriseinsmokingtoincreasetheincidenceoflungcancer.Countrieswherecigarettesmokingisonlynowbecomingwidespreadcanexpectenormousincreasesinlungcancerduringthe1990sorearlyinthenextcentury63prompteffectiveactionistakenagainstthehabit--indeed.suchincreasesarealreadyplainlyevidentinpartsof64.Therearefourreasonswhythepreventionoflungcancerisofsuchoverwhelmingimportance:firstthediseaseisextremelycommoncausingmoredeathsthananyothertypeofcancernowdoes;secondlyitisgenerallyincurable;thirdlyeffectivepracticablemeasurestoreduceitsincidencearealreadyreliablyknown;andfinally65tobaccoconsumptionwillalsohaveasubstantialimpactonmanyotherdiseases.
{{*HTML*}}Parkinson’sDisease??1.Parkinson’sdiseaseaffectsthewayyoumove.Ithappenswhenthereisaproblemwithcertainnervecellsinthebrain.Normallythesenervecellsmakeanimportantchemicalcalleddopamine多巴胺.Dopaminesendssignalstothepartofyourbrainthatcontrolsmovement.Itletsyourmusclesmovesmoothlyanddowhatyouwantthemtodo.WhenyouhaveParkinson’sthesenervecellsBreakdown.Thenyounolongerhaveenoughdopamineandyouhavetroublemovingthewayyouwantto.??2.Nooneknowsforsurewhatmakesthesenervecellsbreakdown.Butscientistsaredoingalotofresearchtolookfortheanswer.Theyarestudyingmanypossiblecausesincludingagingandpoisonsintheenvironment.AbnormalgenesseemtoleadtoParkinson’sdiseaseinsomepeople.Butsofarthereisnotenoughprooftoshowthatitisalwaysinherited.??3.Tremor颤抖maybethefirstsymptomyounotice.Itisoneofthemostcommonsignsofthediseasealthoughnoteveryonehasit.Tremoroftenstartsinjustonearmorlegoronlyononesideofthebody.Itmaybeworsewhenyouareawakebutnotmovingtheaffectedarmorleg.Itmaygetbetterwhenyoumovethelimboryouareasleep.IntimeParkinson’saffectsmusclesallthroughyourbodysoitcanleadtoproblemsliketroubleswallowingorconstipation便秘.InthelaterstagesofthediseaseapersonwithParkinson’smayhaveafixedorblankexpressiontroublespeakingandotherproblems.Somepeoplealsohaveadecreaseinmentalskills.??4.AtthistimethereisnocureforParkinson’sdisease.Butthereareseveraltypesofmedicinesthatcancontrolthesymptomsandmakethediseaseeasiertolivewith.Youmaynotevenneedtreatmentifyoursymptomsaremild.Yourdoctormaywaittoprescribemedicinesuntilyoursymptomsstarttogetinthewayofyourdailylife.Yourdoctorwilladjustyourmedicinesasyoursymptomsgetworse.Youmayneedtotakeseveralmedicinestogetthebestresults.??A.TipsforPatientswiththeDisease??B.CommonTreatmentfortheDisease??C.MeansofDiagnosisoftheDisease??D.TypicalSymptomsoftheDisease??E.PossibleCausesoftheDisease??F.DefinitionofParkinson’sDiseaseAlotofresearchisbeingdonetofindout______.
Didsheaccepthisresearchproposal
Speechtherapistsdividetheircasesintocommonandcomplex.Anexampleofacomplexcaseisapersonsufferingfromaphasia.Thisisthelossoftheabilitytounder-standand/orusespeech.Therearemanycausesofaphasiaincludingpartialbraindam-agethatleavestheindividualwiththephysicalabilitytospeak.Iftheindividualisabletospeakbutdoesnotthetherapistmustdeterminethecauseofsuchconduct.Oftenspeechtherapistsdeterminethatproblemsareemotionalandrefertheindividualswithsuchproblemstopsychologistsorpsychiatriststrainedtohelpthem.Whileaspeechtherapistisnottrainedtohelppersonswithsevereemotionaldisordersthetherapistdoesreceiveextensivetraininginsuchareasasanatomyasitrelatestospeechconcentratingonthediaphragmtongueandpalatephysicsparticularlyrelatingtosoundandlanguageandcommunications.Sometherapiststakeclassesinelementarypsychologyaswell.Thespeechtherapistmustbeabletodiagnosethetypeandseverityofthespeechdefectthenprescribeaseriesoftreatments.Whilesomepeoplewithseverehandicapsreceiveindividualinstructionmostpatientsarecomfortablereceivinggrouptherapywithotherswhohavethesameproblem.Ifapatientisfoundtohaveaphysicalhandicapthatisimpedinghisprogressheissenttoadoctorwithwhomthetherapistworksclosely.Manytherapistshaveahighsuccessratewiththeirpatients.Noscientificstudieshaveyetshownwhethertheinterventionofthetherapistwasinfactthesolecauseoftheimprovementofthepatientsorwhethertimeandmaturityhelpedaswell.Arecentstudyhasshownthatpersonswhohavenotreceivedspeechtherapyhaveoftenbeencured’oftheirproblemsmerelybybeingaroundotherswithouttheproblem.Howeverthatsamestudyshowedthatthosefewpersonswhowerenottreatedbytherapistshadextremelylowself-esteemandconsideredthemselvesdifferentandretarded.Thetherapistsoftenareabletomakethepatientsseethatwhiletheyaredifferentthedifferenceisnotoftheirownmakingthattheyhavenotdonesomethingwrong.Therapiststrytoreachchildrenwhentheyareveryyoungbeforetheyhavehadanopportunitytobeteasedbyotherchildrenormadetofeeltheyarestupid.Therapistsoftenworkwithwholefamiliesencouragingtheparentsandsiblingstolistentothepatientstakingthetimetohelpthemfeeltheyareanimportantpartofthefamilynotjustbrushingthemoffbecausetheeffortofinterpretingtheirspeechistoogreatortime-consuming.Whichofthefollowingisnotlistedasafunctionofthespeechtherapist
Inotifiedhimthatthemeetinghadbeenpostponed.
Onlythreestrategiesareavailableforcontrollingcancerpreventionscreeningandtreatment.Lungcancercausesmoredeathsthananyothertypeofcancer.Amajorcauseofthediseaseis51known;thereisnogoodevidencethatscreeningisofmuchhelp;andtreatmentfailsinabout90percentofallcases.Atpresentthereforethemainstrategymustbe52.ThismaynotalwaysbetrueofcourseasforsomeothertypesOfcancerresearch53thepastfewdecadeshasproducedorsuggestedsomeimportantprogressinpreventionscreeningortreatment.54howeverweconsidernotwhatresearchmayonedayofferbutwhattoday’sknowledgecouldalreadydeliverthatisnotbeingdeliveredthenthemostpracticableandcost-effectiveopportunitiesforavoidingprematuredeathfromcancerespeciallylungcancerprobablyinvolveneitherscreeningnorimproved55butprevention.Thisconclusiondoesnotdependontheunrealisticassumptionthatwecan56tobacco.Itmerelyassumesthatwecanreducecigarettesalesappreciablybyraisingpricesorby57thetypeofeducationthatalreadyappearstohavehada58effectoncigaretteconsumptionbywhite-collarworkersandthatwecansubstantiallyreducetheamountoftardeliveredpercigarette.Thepracticabilityofpreventingcancerbysuchmeasuresappliesnotonlyinthosecountries59theUSwherebecausecigarettesmokinghasbeencommonfordecades25～30percentofallcancerdeathsnowinvolvelungcancerbutalsointhosewhereithasbecome60onlyrecently.InChinaforexamplelungcancer61accountsforonlyabout510percentofallcancerdeaths.Thisisbecauseitmaytakeasmuchashalfacentury62theriseinsmokingtoincreasetheincidenceoflungcancer.Countrieswherecigarettesmokingisonlynowbecomingwidespreadcanexpectenormousincreasesinlungcancerduringthe1990sorearlyinthenextcentury63prompteffectiveactionistakenagainstthehabit--indeed.suchincreasesarealreadyplainlyevidentinpartsof64.Therearefourreasonswhythepreventionoflungcancerisofsuchoverwhelmingimportance:firstthediseaseisextremelycommoncausingmoredeathsthananyothertypeofcancernowdoes;secondlyitisgenerallyincurable;thirdlyeffectivepracticablemeasurestoreduceitsincidencearealreadyreliablyknown;andfinally65tobaccoconsumptionwillalsohaveasubstantialimpactonmanyotherdiseases.
ComingSoontoaTheaternearYou!WhatarespecialeffectsDoyouenjoymoviesthatusealotofspecialeffects.Dinosaurs恐龙fromthedistantpast!Spacebattlesfromthedistantfuture!Therehasbeenarevolutioninspecialeffectsandithastransformedthemovieswesee.Therevolutionbeganinthemid-1970swithGeorgeLucas’sStarWarsafilmthatstunned使震惊audiences.Thatrevolutioncontinuestothepresentwithdramaticchangesinspecialeffectstechnology.ThecompanybehindthesechangesisLucas’sIndustrialLight＆MagicILM.AndthemanbehindthecompanyisDennisMurenwhohasworkedwithLucassinceStarWars.Muren’sinterestinspecialeffectsbeganveryearly.Attheageof6hewasphotographingtoydinosaursandspaceships.At10hehadan8millimetermoviecameraandwasmakingthesethingsmovethroughstopmotion.Stop-motionisaprocessinwhichobjectsareshotwithacameramovedslightlyshotagainandsoon.Whentheshotsareputtogethertheobjectsappeartomove.TalktoMurenandyou’llunderstandwhatILMisallabout;takingonnewchallenges.By1989Murendecidedhehadpushedtheoldtechnologyasfarasitwouldgo.Hesawcomputergraphics图像CGtechnologyasthewaveofthefutureandtookayearoffthemasterit.WithCGtechnologyimagescanbescannedintoacomputerforprocessingforexampleandmanyseparateshotscanbecombinedintoasingleimage.CGtechnologyhasnowreachedthepointMurensayswherespecialeffectscanbeusedtodojustaboutanythingsothatmoviescantellstoriesbetterthaneverbefore.ThehugesuccessofJurassicParkanditssequel续集TheLostWorldthestarsofwhichwerecomputer-generateddinosaurssuggeststhatthismayverywellbetrue.Bythestop-motionprocessmanyseparateshotscanbecombinedintoasingleimage.
Onlythreestrategiesareavailableforcontrollingcancerpreventionscreeningandtreatment.Lungcancercausesmoredeathsthananyothertypeofcancer.Amajorcauseofthediseaseis51known;thereisnogoodevidencethatscreeningisofmuchhelp;andtreatmentfailsinabout90percentofallcases.Atpresentthereforethemainstrategymustbe52.ThismaynotalwaysbetrueofcourseasforsomeothertypesOfcancerresearch53thepastfewdecadeshasproducedorsuggestedsomeimportantprogressinpreventionscreeningortreatment.54howeverweconsidernotwhatresearchmayonedayofferbutwhattoday’sknowledgecouldalreadydeliverthatisnotbeingdeliveredthenthemostpracticableandcost-effectiveopportunitiesforavoidingprematuredeathfromcancerespeciallylungcancerprobablyinvolveneitherscreeningnorimproved55butprevention.Thisconclusiondoesnotdependontheunrealisticassumptionthatwecan56tobacco.Itmerelyassumesthatwecanreducecigarettesalesappreciablybyraisingpricesorby57thetypeofeducationthatalreadyappearstohavehada58effectoncigaretteconsumptionbywhite-collarworkersandthatwecansubstantiallyreducetheamountoftardeliveredpercigarette.Thepracticabilityofpreventingcancerbysuchmeasuresappliesnotonlyinthosecountries59theUSwherebecausecigarettesmokinghasbeencommonfordecades25～30percentofallcancerdeathsnowinvolvelungcancerbutalsointhosewhereithasbecome60onlyrecently.InChinaforexamplelungcancer61accountsforonlyabout510percentofallcancerdeaths.Thisisbecauseitmaytakeasmuchashalfacentury62theriseinsmokingtoincreasetheincidenceoflungcancer.Countrieswherecigarettesmokingisonlynowbecomingwidespreadcanexpectenormousincreasesinlungcancerduringthe1990sorearlyinthenextcentury63prompteffectiveactionistakenagainstthehabit--indeed.suchincreasesarealreadyplainlyevidentinpartsof64.Therearefourreasonswhythepreventionoflungcancerisofsuchoverwhelmingimportance:firstthediseaseisextremelycommoncausingmoredeathsthananyothertypeofcancernowdoes;secondlyitisgenerallyincurable;thirdlyeffectivepracticablemeasurestoreduceitsincidencearealreadyreliablyknown;andfinally65tobaccoconsumptionwillalsohaveasubstantialimpactonmanyotherdiseases.
EgyptFelledbyFamine EvenancientEgypt’smightypyramidbuilderswerepowerlessinthefaceofthefaminethathelpedbringdowntheircivilisationaround2180BC.NowevidencegleanedfrommuddepositedbytheRiverNilesuggeststhatashiftinclimatethousandsofkilometrestothesouthwasultimatelytoblame--andthesameorworsecouldhappentoday. TheancientEgyptiansdependedontheNile’sannualfloodstoirrigatetheircrops.ButanychangeinclimatethatpushedtheAfricanmonsoonssouthwardsoutofEthiopiawouldhavediminishedthesefloods. DwindlingrainsintheEthiopianhighlandswouldhavemeantfewerplantstostablisethesoil.WhenraindidfallitwouldhavewashedlargeamountsofsoilintotheBlueNileandintoEgyptalongwithsedimentfromtheWhiteNile4. TheBlueNilemudhasadifferentisotopesignaturefromthatoftheWhiteNile.SobyanalysingisotopedifferencesinmuddepositedintheNileDeltaMichaelKromofLeedsUniversityworkedoutwhatproportionofsedimentcamefromeachbranchoftheriver. KromreasonsthatduringperiodsofdroughttheamountoftheBlueNilemudintheriver’wouldberelativelyhigh.Hefoundthatoneoftheseperiodsfrom4500to4200yearsagoimmediatelypredatesthefalloftheEgypt’sOldKingdom. TheweakenedwaterswouldhavebeencatastrophicfortheEgyptians."Changesthataffectfoodsupplydon’thavetobeverylargetohavearippleeffectinsocieties"saysBillRyanoftheLamontDohertyEarthObservatoryinNewYork. SimilareventstodaycouldbeevenmoredevastatingsaysteammemberDanielStanleyageoarchaeologistfromtheSmithsonianInstitutioninWashingtonD.C."AnythinghumansdotoshifttheclimatebeltswouldhaveanevenworseeffectalongtheNilesystemtodaybecausethepopulationshaveincreaseddramatically./ WhichofthefollowingfactorswasultimatelyresponsibleforthefallofthecivilisationofancientEgypt
Thepolicemanwrotedownalltheparticularsoftheaccident.
IturneddownhisinvitationtothepartysinceIhadtofinishmyhomeworkthatnight.
Onlythreestrategiesareavailableforcontrollingcancerpreventionscreeningandtreatment.Lungcancercausesmoredeathsthananyothertypeofcancer.Amajorcauseofthediseaseis51known;thereisnogoodevidencethatscreeningisofmuchhelp;andtreatmentfailsinabout90percentofallcases.Atpresentthereforethemainstrategymustbe52.ThismaynotalwaysbetrueofcourseasforsomeothertypesOfcancerresearch53thepastfewdecadeshasproducedorsuggestedsomeimportantprogressinpreventionscreeningortreatment.54howeverweconsidernotwhatresearchmayonedayofferbutwhattoday’sknowledgecouldalreadydeliverthatisnotbeingdeliveredthenthemostpracticableandcost-effectiveopportunitiesforavoidingprematuredeathfromcancerespeciallylungcancerprobablyinvolveneitherscreeningnorimproved55butprevention. Thisconclusiondoesnotdependontheunrealisticassumptionthatwecan56tobacco.Itmerelyassumesthatwecanreducecigarettesalesappreciablybyraisingpricesorby57thetypeofeducationthatalreadyappearstohavehada58effectoncigaretteconsumptionbywhite-collarworkersandthatwecansubstantiallyreducetheamountoftardeliveredpercigarette.Thepracticabilityofpreventingcancerbysuchmeasuresappliesnotonlyinthosecountries59theUSwherebecausecigarettesmokinghasbeencommonfordecades25～30percentofallcancerdeathsnowinvolvelungcancerbutalsointhosewhereithasbecome60onlyrecently.InChinaforexamplelungcancer61accountsforonlyabout510percentofallcancerdeaths.Thisisbecauseitmaytakeasmuchashalfacentury62theriseinsmokingtoincreasetheincidenceoflungcancer.Countrieswherecigarettesmokingisonlynowbecomingwidespreadcanexpectenormousincreasesinlungcancerduringthe1990sorearlyinthenextcentury63prompteffectiveactionistakenagainstthehabit--indeed.suchincreasesarealreadyplainlyevidentinpartsof64. Therearefourreasonswhythepreventionoflungcancerisofsuchoverwhelmingimportance:firstthediseaseisextremelycommoncausingmoredeathsthananyothertypeofcancernowdoes;secondlyitisgenerallyincurable;thirdlyeffectivepracticablemeasurestoreduceitsincidencearealreadyreliablyknown;andfinally65tobaccoconsumptionwillalsohaveasubstantialimpactonmanyotherdiseases. 53
Onlythreestrategiesareavailableforcontrollingcancerpreventionscreeningandtreatment.Lungcancercausesmoredeathsthananyothertypeofcancer.Amajorcauseofthediseaseis51known;thereisnogoodevidencethatscreeningisofmuchhelp;andtreatmentfailsinabout90percentofallcases.Atpresentthereforethemainstrategymustbe52.ThismaynotalwaysbetrueofcourseasforsomeothertypesOfcancerresearch53thepastfewdecadeshasproducedorsuggestedsomeimportantprogressinpreventionscreeningortreatment.54howeverweconsidernotwhatresearchmayonedayofferbutwhattoday’sknowledgecouldalreadydeliverthatisnotbeingdeliveredthenthemostpracticableandcost-effectiveopportunitiesforavoidingprematuredeathfromcancerespeciallylungcancerprobablyinvolveneitherscreeningnorimproved55butprevention. Thisconclusiondoesnotdependontheunrealisticassumptionthatwecan56tobacco.Itmerelyassumesthatwecanreducecigarettesalesappreciablybyraisingpricesorby57thetypeofeducationthatalreadyappearstohavehada58effectoncigaretteconsumptionbywhite-collarworkersandthatwecansubstantiallyreducetheamountoftardeliveredpercigarette.Thepracticabilityofpreventingcancerbysuchmeasuresappliesnotonlyinthosecountries59theUSwherebecausecigarettesmokinghasbeencommonfordecades25～30percentofallcancerdeathsnowinvolvelungcancerbutalsointhosewhereithasbecome60onlyrecently.InChinaforexamplelungcancer61accountsforonlyabout510percentofallcancerdeaths.Thisisbecauseitmaytakeasmuchashalfacentury62theriseinsmokingtoincreasetheincidenceoflungcancer.Countrieswherecigarettesmokingisonlynowbecomingwidespreadcanexpectenormousincreasesinlungcancerduringthe1990sorearlyinthenextcentury63prompteffectiveactionistakenagainstthehabit--indeed.suchincreasesarealreadyplainlyevidentinpartsof64. Therearefourreasonswhythepreventionoflungcancerisofsuchoverwhelmingimportance:firstthediseaseisextremelycommoncausingmoredeathsthananyothertypeofcancernowdoes;secondlyitisgenerallyincurable;thirdlyeffectivepracticablemeasurestoreduceitsincidencearealreadyreliablyknown;andfinally65tobaccoconsumptionwillalsohaveasubstantialimpactonmanyotherdiseases. 57
Onlythreestrategiesareavailableforcontrollingcancerpreventionscreeningandtreatment.Lungcancercausesmoredeathsthananyothertypeofcancer.Amajorcauseofthediseaseis51known;thereisnogoodevidencethatscreeningisofmuchhelp;andtreatmentfailsinabout90percentofallcases.Atpresentthereforethemainstrategymustbe52.ThismaynotalwaysbetrueofcourseasforsomeothertypesOfcancerresearch53thepastfewdecadeshasproducedorsuggestedsomeimportantprogressinpreventionscreeningortreatment.54howeverweconsidernotwhatresearchmayonedayofferbutwhattoday’sknowledgecouldalreadydeliverthatisnotbeingdeliveredthenthemostpracticableandcost-effectiveopportunitiesforavoidingprematuredeathfromcancerespeciallylungcancerprobablyinvolveneitherscreeningnorimproved55butprevention. Thisconclusiondoesnotdependontheunrealisticassumptionthatwecan56tobacco.Itmerelyassumesthatwecanreducecigarettesalesappreciablybyraisingpricesorby57thetypeofeducationthatalreadyappearstohavehada58effectoncigaretteconsumptionbywhite-collarworkersandthatwecansubstantiallyreducetheamountoftardeliveredpercigarette.Thepracticabilityofpreventingcancerbysuchmeasuresappliesnotonlyinthosecountries59theUSwherebecausecigarettesmokinghasbeencommonfordecades25～30percentofallcancerdeathsnowinvolvelungcancerbutalsointhosewhereithasbecome60onlyrecently.InChinaforexamplelungcancer61accountsforonlyabout510percentofallcancerdeaths.Thisisbecauseitmaytakeasmuchashalfacentury62theriseinsmokingtoincreasetheincidenceoflungcancer.Countrieswherecigarettesmokingisonlynowbecomingwidespreadcanexpectenormousincreasesinlungcancerduringthe1990sorearlyinthenextcentury63prompteffectiveactionistakenagainstthehabit--indeed.suchincreasesarealreadyplainlyevidentinpartsof64. Therearefourreasonswhythepreventionoflungcancerisofsuchoverwhelmingimportance:firstthediseaseisextremelycommoncausingmoredeathsthananyothertypeofcancernowdoes;secondlyitisgenerallyincurable;thirdlyeffectivepracticablemeasurestoreduceitsincidencearealreadyreliablyknown;andfinally65tobaccoconsumptionwillalsohaveasubstantialimpactonmanyotherdiseases. 51
Onlythreestrategiesareavailableforcontrollingcancerpreventionscreeningandtreatment.Lungcancercausesmoredeathsthananyothertypeofcancer.Amajorcauseofthediseaseis51known;thereisnogoodevidencethatscreeningisofmuchhelp;andtreatmentfailsinabout90percentofallcases.Atpresentthereforethemainstrategymustbe52.ThismaynotalwaysbetrueofcourseasforsomeothertypesOfcancerresearch53thepastfewdecadeshasproducedorsuggestedsomeimportantprogressinpreventionscreeningortreatment.54howeverweconsidernotwhatresearchmayonedayofferbutwhattoday’sknowledgecouldalreadydeliverthatisnotbeingdeliveredthenthemostpracticableandcost-effectiveopportunitiesforavoidingprematuredeathfromcancerespeciallylungcancerprobablyinvolveneitherscreeningnorimproved55butprevention.Thisconclusiondoesnotdependontheunrealisticassumptionthatwecan56tobacco.Itmerelyassumesthatwecanreducecigarettesalesappreciablybyraisingpricesorby57thetypeofeducationthatalreadyappearstohavehada58effectoncigaretteconsumptionbywhite-collarworkersandthatwecansubstantiallyreducetheamountoftardeliveredpercigarette.Thepracticabilityofpreventingcancerbysuchmeasuresappliesnotonlyinthosecountries59theUSwherebecausecigarettesmokinghasbeencommonfordecades25～30percentofallcancerdeathsnowinvolvelungcancerbutalsointhosewhereithasbecome60onlyrecently.InChinaforexamplelungcancer61accountsforonlyabout510percentofallcancerdeaths.Thisisbecauseitmaytakeasmuchashalfacentury62theriseinsmokingtoincreasetheincidenceoflungcancer.Countrieswherecigarettesmokingisonlynowbecomingwidespreadcanexpectenormousincreasesinlungcancerduringthe1990sorearlyinthenextcentury63prompteffectiveactionistakenagainstthehabit--indeed.suchincreasesarealreadyplainlyevidentinpartsof64.Therearefourreasonswhythepreventionoflungcancerisofsuchoverwhelmingimportance:firstthediseaseisextremelycommoncausingmoredeathsthananyothertypeofcancernowdoes;secondlyitisgenerallyincurable;thirdlyeffectivepracticablemeasurestoreduceitsincidencearealreadyreliablyknown;andfinally65tobaccoconsumptionwillalsohaveasubstantialimpactonmanyotherdiseases.
热门题库
更多
中石油职称英语
理工类
卫生类
综合类
国际货运代理师
报关水平测试
报检员
物流员(四级)
助理物流师(三级)
物流师(二级)
高级物流师(一级)
物流案例分析
单证员基础理论与知识
单证员缮制与操作
国际货运代理理论与实务
外贸综合业务
湘公网安备 43130202000226号