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Monarch Butterflies One of the last West Coast homes of the Monarch butterfly，a type of insect（昆虫），m...
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高中英语《2010年湖南考试试题及答案》真题及答案
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10分MonarchbutterfliesfromeasternCanadamakethemost
MonarchwithoutaKingdom ThisNovemberahundredmillio
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MonarchwithoutaKingdom ThisNovemberahundredmillio
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MonarchbutterfliesfromeasternCanadamakethemostamaz
MonarchButterfly金斑蝶ProfileMonarchbutterfliesarekno
共5小题每小题2分满分10分根据短文内容从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余
Monarchbutterflies黑脉金斑蝶areacommonsummersightinthen
MonarchbutterfliesfromeasternCanadamakethemostamaz
MonarchButterfliesOneofthelastWestCoasthomesoftheM
MonarchwithoutaKingdom ThisNovemberahundredmillio
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MonarchbutterfliesfromeasternCanadamakethemostamaz
Monarchbutterflies黑脉金斑蝶areacommonsummersightinthen
MonarchwithoutaKingdom ThisNovemberahundredmillio
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MonarchwithoutaKingdom ThisNovemberahundredmillio
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MonarchwithoutaKingdom ThisNovemberahundredmillio
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阅读理解APlay:FourButterfliesCharacters:RedButterflyRB
InthefirstprogrammeTheMexicanWavethefocusisontheOr
Monarchbutterflies黑脉金斑蝶areacommonsummersightinthen
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阅读下面短文按要求完成各项任务.Everyyearanimalsallaroundtheworldt
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Chinaisexpectedtocompleteitsfirstexplorationofthemoonin2010andwillfoundamoonbasejustaswedidontheNorthandSouthPoles.OuyangZiyuanheadofChina’smoonexplorationprogrampromisedduringthecountry'snationalscienceandtechnologyweek.AfteritsfirstmaninspaceChinaplansaspacelaboratoryalunarorbitertolookforvaluableelementsandmineralsrobotlandingsonthemoonandthenthehumantouchdown.Thepriceofspaceexplorationisenormous.RussiaandtheUStheonlytwocountriestohaveachievedmannedflightarestrugglingtokeeptheirnewinvestmenttheinternationalspacestation.ButChinawhichhasalongtraditioninphysicsmathematicsandengineeringfindsitsdoctoralgraduateswelcomedintheUSandEuropefordecades.Andithasbeenabletolearnfrom40yearsofpioneeringsuccessesandmistakesbytheUSSRandtheUSA.Spaceflightisagambleandthestakes赌注arehigh.IfsuccessfulChinacouldbecomeamemberoftheworld'smostexclusiveclubsetupasecondhomeonthemoonandgetapowerfulhandatthestrategicbargainingtablE.TwodesignersfromtheShenzhouIIIprojectsaidthat12astronautsnowareundergoingintensivetraining.Onemoreunmannedspaceflightisplannedbeforethefirstmannedlaunch.ExpertssaythattheShenzhouspacecraftalreadyprovidesChinawithaspacevehiclecapableofmountingalunarprogram.ChinesescientistshavealsopredictedthatMarswillbethenexttargetafterthemoon.61.AccordingtoOuyangZiyuan_____________________.A.ChinahasfoundedherbaseonthemoonB.ChinahasfoundedonebaseontheNorthandSouthPolesC.Chinawillsetupabaseonthemoonin2010D.Chinahasalreadyfinishedfoundingamoonbase62.Theunderlinedwordtouchdowninthesecondparagraphmeans_____________.A.landingB.relationCconnectionD.behavior63.WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTrightaccordingtothispassage?A.A.secondhomeisgoingtobebuiltonthemoonin2010.B.China'sfirstmanhaslandedthemooninspacE.C.Peoplefromonlytwocountrieshavebeentothemoontillnow.D.TwelveChineseastronautsarebeingtrainedforthemannedflighttothemoon.64.WethinktheChineseastronautwillsucceedinlandingthemoonin2010because_________________.A.ChinawillaskforhelpfromtheUSSRandtheUSAB.twocountrieshavesetupaspacestationonthemoonC.ChinahasalargepopulationintheworldD.Chinahasitstraditionaltechnologyandadvancedscientists65.Wecaninferfromthispassagethat______________________.A.China'srobotlandingonthemoonhasbeensuccessfulB.theUSSRandtheUSAdon'tallowChinesepeoplelandthemoonC.ChinesescientistsshowgreatinterestinexploringMarsnowD.itisimpossiblefortheChinesepeopletolandonthemoon
ForestguardsinwesternIndiaareusingcellphoneswithringtonesofcowsmooinggoatsbleatingandroosterscrowingtoattractleopardsthathavewanderedintohumansettlementsofficialssaidonMonday.ThewildcatsinthestateofGujaratoftengetintovillagesnearforestsinsearchoffoodsayofficialsaddingthatthisresultsinattacksonpeoplE.Butratherthanusemethodssuchaslivebait__物likegoatstiedtotreestoluretheleopardswhichthenfallintolargepitsdugbyguardsofficialssaytheyhavefoundasafermethodtotrapthecats.ThemoosofacowbleatingofagoatfromthephonehasprovedeffectivetotrapleopardssaidD.VasaniaseniorforestofficialinGujarat.Thistrickworks.VasanisaidforestguardshavedownloadedthesoundsofoveradozenanimalsasringtonesontheirmobileswhichtheyattachtospeakersandfixbehindacagE.Theythenplaytheringtonecontinuouslyforuptotwohoursuntilthecuriousleopardappearsandmovesintothecagelookingforitseasymeal.Atleastfiveleopardshavesofarbeenluredfromvillagessincethenewringtonemethodwasintroducedthreemonthsago.Thecatshaveallbeenreleasedbackintoforestareas.WildlifeactivistswelcomedthenewinitiativesayingthatpreviousmethodsoftrappingthecatsusingpitsoftenresultedintheanimalsgettinginjureD.56.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.CellPhonestoHuntAnimalsB.PracticalUsesofCellPhonesC.WildlifeandNewTechnologyD.PhoneringtonestoCatchLeopards57.ForestguardsinIndiatrytocatchleopardsmainlybecause______.A.leopardsattackvillagersB.theywantleopardfurC.leopardsattackanimalsD.theyhavenewringtones58.Accordingtothewildlifeactiviststhenewmethodis_______.A.appreciatedbecauseitbenefitsleopardsB.notgoodbecauseitmayinjureanimalsC.effectivebecauseringtonesworkD.notsaferthantheformerone59.Wecanlearnfromthepassageexceptthat______.A.forestguardsdon’tmeantohurttheleopardsB.forestguardsnolongerusepitstotrapleopardsC.forestguardsusedgoatstoattractleopardsD.recordedanimalsoundsareusedtolureleopards60.Whatwillbeneededtotraptheleopardsusingthenewmethod?①cellphones②animals③soundsofanimals④cages⑤largepitsA.①②③④B.②③⑤C.①④⑤D.①③④
Thehumanbodyisalivingmachineandlikeallmachinesitneedsfueltosupplyitwithenergy.Thisisprovidedbythefoodweeat.Buthowmuchdoweneedtostayhealthy?Theenergyvalueoffoodisusuallymeasuredincalories.A.calorieistheamountofheatrequiredtoraisethetemperatureof1kgofwaterbyC.Thenumberofcaloriespeopleneedperdayisdifferentasthechatbelowshows.Alsothenumberofcaloriesyouuseatanymomentnormallydependsontheactivityyouarein.Forexampleyouneedmorecaloriesforstandingthanforsittingmoreforrunningthanforwalkingandsoon.Theenergyinfoodismainlyintheformofthreekindsofchemicalmaterials-carbohydrateproteinandfat.Carbohydrateprovides3.8Cal/gmcaloriespergramofenergyprotein4.0Cal/gmandfat8.8Cal/gm.Eachfoodcontainsdifferentamountsofthesematerialsasthesecondchartshows.ChanI.CALORIESNEEDEDPERDAYBABY750OFFICEWORKER2700CHILDAGED82100WOMANFEEDINGBABY2700MANOVER702100BOYAGED163000WOMAN3600FARMER2600ChanIIFATPROTEINCARBOHYDRATEMILK30%30%40%RICE5%10%85%PEANUTS60%30%10%64.caloriesarcrequiredtoraisethetemperatureof5kgofwaterformCtoC.?A.55.B.175.C.325.D.275.65.Ifyoulackforcaloriestosupportyourrunningactivitiesyou'dbettertakemore.A.milkB.peanutsC.riceD.milkandrice66.Wemaylearnfm~thechartsthat.A.achildaged8requiresmorethan3timestheamountofcaloriesthatababydoesB.aboyaged16requiresnearlytwicetheamountofcaloriesthataboyaged8doesC.amotherwithababytofeedusesupmorecaloriesthemahard-workingfarmereachdayD.anoldmanneedslesscaloriesthanan8-year-oldboyonaccountofhislessmovement67.Whichstatementagreeswiththepassageandthechartsabove?A.Youneedmorecaloriesforswimmingthanformountainclimbing.B.Foodcontainsenergyintheformofcarbohydratesproteinsandfuel.C.Differentpeopleneeddifferentamountsofenergydependingontheiragesexandtheactivitiestheyarein.D.3gramsofmilkprovides16.6caloriesbecausecarbohydrateprovides3.8Cal/gmprotein4.0Cal/gmandfat8.8Cal/gm.
Afteralmost30yearsofarguingthatablackholeswallowsupeverythingthatfallsintoitBritishastrophysicist天体物理学家StephenHawkingmovedbackwardlastweek.Theworld-famouswriterofBriefHistoryofTimesaidheandotherscientistshadgotitwrong.I'vebeenthinkingaboutthisproblemforthelast30yearsandIthinkInowhavetheanswertoitsaidHawking.AblackholeonlyappearstoformbutlateropensupandsetfreeinformationaboutwhatfellinsidE.SowecanbesureofthepastandcanpredictthefuturE.Thefindingscouldhelpsolvetheblackholeinformationparadox似是而非的观点animportantpuzzleinmodernphysics.Ablackholeisanareainspacewherematterisundersuchpressurethatevenlightcannotescapefromitsgravitationalpull引力.Butexactlywhathappenstherehaslongpuzzledscientists.Blackholesoccurwhenapowerfulstarburnsupitsnuclearfuelandgravityforcesittobreakdowninonitself.Thegreatweightofthestar'souterlayersmovesintowardsitscenter.TheforceofgravitykeepsnearlyalllightfromescapingandnothinginsidecanbeseenfromtheoutsidE.Thestaractuallydisappearsfromtheuniverseintoapointofinfinitedensity高密度.Thatisaplacewherethelawsofgeneralrelativitythatgovernspaceandtimebreakdown.Hawkinghasdevotedmostofhislifetostudyingthesequestions.Atthebeginningcosmologistsbelievedtheholeswerelikeauniversalvacuum真空cleanersuckingupeverythingintheirpath.Hawkingrevolutionizedthestudyofblackholeswhenheprovedin1976thatunderthestrangerulesofquantumphysics量子物理whenblackholesformtheysendoutenergyandlosemassintheprocess.Inthinkingupthisso-calledHawkingradiationtheCambridgemathematicianalsocreatedoneofthebiggestpuzzlesinphysics.Theseparticles粒子hesaidcontainednoinformationaboutwhathasbeenoccurringinsidetheblackholeorhowitformeD.Underhistheoryoncetheblackholedisappearsalltheinformationwithinitislost.72.What'stheimportanceofHawking'snewfindings?A.Theycouldhelpsolvethepuzzleaboutblackholes.B.Theyhassolvedthemysteryofblackholes.C.Wecannowknowwhatisgoingoninsideblackholes.D.Scientistshavealreadypredictedthefutureofblackholesnow.73.What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordcosmologistinParagraph9?A.A.personwhostudiestheuniverseanditsoriginanddevelopment.B.A.personwhostudiesthestarsandtheirdevelopment.C.A.personwhotravelsinaspacecraft.]D.A.personwhostudiesthepositionofthestarsandthemovementsoftheplanets.74.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Hawkinghasnowstudiedblackholesformorethan40years.B.Duringthecourseoftheblackhole'sformingtheenormousweightofthestar'scentermovesintotheouterlayers.C.AlmostnothingcanescapefromthegravitationalpulloftheblackholE.D.Scientistshavebeenthinkingtheblackholecontainsnoinformation.75.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheFormationoftheBlackHoleB.BlackHoleInformationParadoxC.BlackHoleMysteryD.TheCauseoftheBlackHole
Nuclear-poweredaircraftcarriers航母areconsideredoneofthemostimportantmarineweaponsinthe20thcentury.Sofaronlytwocountriesintheworld―theUSAandFrance―haveeverproducedthem.ButthesefrightfulfightingmachinesareabouttoenterAsiA.TheUSNavysaidlastmonththatoneofitsninenuclear-poweredaircraftcarrierswillbesenttoJapantoreplacethediesel-poweredcarrierKittyHawkin2009inanagreementonOctober30th.ThetwocountriesalsoplannedtoleveluptheirmilitarycooperationandtheUSAcalledforJapantotakealargeroleinalliancemilitarymoves.Itwillbethefirsttimethatanuclear-poweredcarrierisbasedinJapan.BombedbyUSforcesinWorldWarIIatHiroshimaandNagasakiJapanistheonlyworldcountrytohavebeenattackedbyanuclearweapon.Thereforethecitizensarehighlysensitivetowherenuclear-poweredweaponsarebaseD.AradiationleakatYokosukawouldkill100000peopleasfarawayasTokyoandcouldcausebillionsofdollarsindamagesaidMasahikoGotoleaderofaprotestgroupinYokosuka.Hisgrouphascollectedmorethan300000signaturesofpeopleacrossJapanopposedtothenuclearcarrier.The44-year-oldKittyHawktheUSnavy'soldestactiveshiphasbeenbasedinYokosudasince1998.ThenewcarrieryettobeunveiledwilltravelfasterbecapableofsupportinglongeroperationsandcarrywithittheNavy'smostmoderntechnology.ExpertspointedthatthischangeisnotonlytostrengthentheUS-JapanmilitaryalliancebutalsotokeepthemilitarypowerofChinaandNorthKoreawithinlimits.HoweverJapaneseexpertsdon’tbelievethatthecountriesarethreatstotheregion.ThereisnoneedforJapantohaveanuclearcarrierasdefensesaidTetsuoMaedaaninternationalrelationsprofessoratTokyoInternationalUniversity.HesaidthatthechangeofshipindicatesanincreasedmilitarycapacityintheregionmuchmorethanwhatisneedeD.71.ThereplacementoftheaircraftcarrierisintendedtoA.showJapan'sgreatermilitarycapabilityB.strengthentheUS-JapanmilitaryallianceC.getridofthedatedmarineweaponD.setupakindofbaseinJapan72.Theunderlinedwordunveiledprobablymeans.A.producedB.discussedaboutC.perfectD.broughttoview73.WithsuchafrightfulweapontoenteritscountryJapanesecitizensA.aresensitivetowherethecarrierwillbebasedB.areanxiousaboutitspotentialdangerC.arecuriousabouttheadvancedtechnologyD.areawareofitsbenefitstothecountry74.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.NocountryintheworldhasbeenattackedbyanuclearweaponexceptJapan.B.A.radiationleakhappenedtothenuclear-poweredaircraftcarrieratHiroshima.C.ChinaandNorthKoreaarethreatstotheregion.D.KittyHawkisthenameoftheoldnuclear-poweredaircraftcarrier.75.ByhisremarkinthelastparagraphtheprofessormeansthatA.heisquiteconfidentoftheirmilitarydefenseB.heiscompletelyopposedtoanewnuclearcarrierC.whatisneededisfarmorethananewnuclearcarrierD.itisunnecessarytoguardagainstthetwocountries
ThetraditionaltentcitiesatfestivalssuchasGlastonburymayneverbethesameagain.Inavictoryofgreenbusinessthatiscertaintoappealtoenvironmentally-awaremusic-loversadesignstudentistoreceivefinancialsupporttoproduceeco-friendlytensmadeofcardboardthatcanberecycledafterthebandsandthecrowdshavegonehomE.MajorfestivalssuchasGlastonburythrowawaysome10000abandonedtentsattheendofeventseachyear.ForhisfinalyearprojectattheUniversityoftheWestofEnglandJamesDunlopcameupwithamaterialthatcanberecycleD.AndtocopewiththeBritishsummerthecardboardhasbeenmadewaterproof.TakinginspirationfromaJapanesearchitectwhohasusedcardboardtomakebigbuildingsincludingchurchesMrDunlopusedcardboardmaterialforhistentswhichhecalledMyhabs.ThedesignwonanawardattheannualNewDesignersExhibitionafterMrDunlopgraduatedfromhisproductdesigndegreeandhedecidedtotrytoturnitintoabusiness.ToraisemoneyfortheideahetouredtheCity’sprivatecompanieswhichfundnewbusinessesandfoundasupporterinthefinancegroupMint.HeintroducedhisideatofourofMint’sdirectorsandwontheirsupport.Minthascommittedaround￡500000toMyHabandtakenashareof30percentinMrDunlop’sbusiness.ThefirstMyhabsshouldbetestedatfestivalsthissummerbeforebeingmarketedfullynextyear.MrDunlopsaidthatthedesignwhichaccommodatestwopeoplecouldhaveotherusessuchasfordisasterreliefandhousingfortheLondonOlympics.FormusiceventsthecardboardhouseswillbeorderedonlineandputupatthesitesbytheMyhabteambeforethefestival-goersarriveandremovedbythecompanyafterwardsTheycanbepersonalizedandthecompanywillofferreductionsontheexpenseifpeopleagreetosellexterior外部的advertisingspacE.ThebiggestfestivalsattracttensofthousandsofparticipantswithGlastonhuryhavingsome150000eachyear.Altogethertherearearound100annualmusicfestivalswherepeoplecampintheUK.Theeventsarebecomingincreasinglyenvironmentallyconscious.72.Eco-friendlytentsinparagraph1refertotents.A.economicallydesirableB.forholdingmusicperformancesC.favorabletotheenvironmentD.designedfordisasterrelief73.MrDunlopestablishedhisbusiness.A.inpartnershipwithafinancegroupB.withtheapprovaloftheCity’sadministrationC.independentlywithaninterest-freeloanfromMintD.withthehelpofaJapanesearchitect74.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat.A.theweatherintheUK.ischangeableinsummerB.mostperformancesatBritishfestivalsaregivenintheopenairC.cardboardtentscanbeeasilyputupandremovedbyusersD.thecardboardtentsproducedbyMrDunlopcanbeuser-tailored定做75.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith.A.anattemptatdevelopingrecyclabletentsB.someeffortsatmakingfulluseofcardboardsC.anunusualsuccessofagraduationprojectD.theeffectsofusingcardboardtentsonmusicfestivals
Inthefutureyourautomobilewillrunonwaterinsteadofgas!Youwillbeabletobuyasupercomputerthatfitsinyourpocket!Youmightevendriveaflyingcar!ForeachpredictionthathascometruetodayseveralothershavemissedbyamilE.Manyofthesepredictionsdidn’tconsiderhowpeoplewouldwanttousethetechnology.Orifpeoplereallyneededitintheirlivesornot.Let’slookatsomepredictionsfromthenottoodistantpast.RobotHelpersWhere’stherobotinmykitchen?NowhereofcoursE.Andhe’sprobablynotcominganytimesoon.RobotsdoexisttodaybutmostlyinfactoriesandotherManufacturingenvironments.Backinthe1950showeverpeoplesaidthatbynowpersonalrobotswouldbeinmostpeople’shomE.Sowhyhasn’thappened?ProbablybecauserobotsarestilltooexpensiveandClumsy.Andmaybetheideaofrobotscookingourdinnersandwashingourclothesisjusttooweird.Athomeweseemtobedoingfinewithoutthem.Telephonesoftomorrow?In1964anAmericancompanyintroducedthevideotelephonE.Theysaidbytheyear2000mostpeoplewouldhaveavideophoneintheirhomes.Butofcoursetheideahasn’tcaughtonyet.Why?Thetechnologyworkedfinebutitoverlookedsomethingobvious:peoplesdesireforprivacy.Wouldyouwanttohaveavideophoneconversationwithsomeoneafteryoujuststeppedoutoftheshower?Probablynotitcouldbeembarrassing!Justbecauseatechnologyisavailabledoesn’talwaysmeanpeoplewillwanttouseit.Andfinallyhowaboutthatcrazypredictionoftheflyingcar?It’snotsocrazyanymore!Butaflyingcarremainsoneofthemostfascinatingtechnologyideastocaptureourimagination.Keepwatchingthenewsorperhapstheskyoutsideyourwindowtoseewhatthefuturewillbring.73.Thewholepassageismainlyabout.A.predictionsthathavecometrueB.predictionsthathaven’tcometrueC.whypredictionsdon’tcometrueeasilyD.whatwilltechnologybringabout74.Whichofthefollowingisprobablynottheauthor’sbelief?A.predictionsneedn’tconsiderpeople’spracticaluseoftechnology.B.Thefutureisn’talwayseasytoguess.C.NotpastpredictionshavecometruE.D.Manyofthehightechthingsourparentsthoughtwe’dbeusingbynowsimplyneverappeareD.75.Theunderlinedwordweirdprobablymeans.A.wonderfulB.stupidC.practicalD.strange76.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheflyingcar?A.ItistoodifficulttoimaginE.B.ItistoocrazyanideA.C.ItislikelytobemadE.D.Itisoftenreportedinthenews.
Itishardtogoafterthebluewhaletheocean’slargestcreaturewhichhasalmostbeenkilledoffbycommercialwhalingandisnowlistedasanendangeredspecies.Attachingradiodevicestoitisdifficultandsightingswithbareeyesaretoounreliabletogiverealinsightintoitsbehavior.SobiologistsweredelightedearlythisyearwhenwiththehelpoftheNavytheywereabletotrackaparticularbluewhalefor43daysmonitoringitssounds.ThiswaspossiblebecauseoftheNavy’sformerlytop-secretsystemofunderwaterdetecting探测devicesacrosstheoceans.Trackingwhalesisbutoneexampleofanexcitingnewworldjustopeningtocivilian平民的scientistsafterthecoldwarastheNavystartstoshareandpartlyuncoveritsglobalnetworkofunderwaterlisteningsystembuiltoverthedecadestotracktheshipsofpotential潜在的enemies.Earthscientistsannouncedatanewsconferencerecentlythattheyhadusedthesystemforcloselymonitoringadeep-seavolcaniceruption爆发forthefirsttimeandthattheyplansimilarstudies.Otherscientistshaveproposedtousethenetworkfortrackingoceancurrentsandmeasuringchangesinoceanandglobaltemperatures.Thespeedofsoundinwaterisroughlyonemileasecond－slowerthanthroughlandbutfasterthanthroughair.Whatismostimportantdifferentlayersofoceanwatercanactaschannelsforsoundsfocusingtheminthesamewayastethoscope听诊器doeswhenitcarriesfaintnoisesfromapatient’schesttoadoctor’sear.Thisfocusingisthemainreasonthatevenrelativelyweaksoundsintheoceanespeciallylow―frequencyonescanoftentravelthousandsofmiles.66.Thepassageischieflyabout.A.anefforttoprotectanendangeredseaspeciesB.thecivilianuseofamilitarysystemC.theintroductionofaU.S.Navytop-secretweaponD.anewwaytolookintothebehaviorofbluewhales67.Theunderwaterlisteningsystemwasoriginallydesigned.A.todetectandlocateenemyboatsB.tomonitordeep―seavolcaniceruptionsC.tostudythemovementofoceancurrentsD.toreplacetheglobalradiocommunicationsnetwork68.Whatistheclosestmeaningoftheunderlinedwordtotrackinthesecondparagraph?A.tostudyB.tofightagainstC.tofollowD.totrytokill69.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.A.newradiodevicesshouldbedevelopedfortrackingtheendangeredbluewhalesB.bluewhalesarenolongerendangeredwiththeuseofthenewlisteningsystemC.opinionsdifferastowhethercivilianscientistsshouldbeallowedtousemilitarytechnologyD.militarytechnologyhasgreatpotentialusesoutsides.themilitaryforces70.WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheU.S.Navyunderwaterlisteningnetwork?A.Itisnowpartlyaccessibletocivilianscientists.B.Ithasbeenreplacedbyamoreadvancedsystem・C.Itbecameuselesstothemilitaryafterthecoldwar.D.Itisamustinprotectingendangeredspecies.
Weknowtheeffectcalorieshaveonyourbody.Foreachpoundofweightthatyourbodycarriesittakesabout12caloriesperpoundperdaytokeepitalive.Ifyouweigh150poundsyouthereforeneedabout150X121800caloriesperdaytokeepyourselfaliveandmaintainthatsameweight.Ifyouweretoeatmorethan1800caloriesperdaytheextraturnsintofat.Ittakesabout3600caloriestomakeapoundoffat.Thegraphbelowshowsyoureatingpatternbeforeduringandafterthediet.Notethatthegraphassumesthatyoulikemostpeopleeatanynumberofcaloriesperday.Somedaysyouaregoodandeatlessandsomedaysyouarebadandeatmorebuttheassumptionisthatitaveragesoutto2000caloriesperdayoverthelongrun.Thedietreallytakestheweightoff.Buttheweightcomesrightbackwhenyoureturntoyournormaleatingpattern.Theweightappearstocomebacksoquicklybecausewhenyouareatyourlightestyoutendtogainmoreweighteachday.Thelighteryouarethefewercaloriesyouneed.Ifyouonlyneedl500caloriesperdayandyou’reeating2000you’regoingtogainweightfasterthanifyouneed1800andyou’reeating2000.Thereareonlytwowaystokeeptheweightoff・Changeyouroveralleatingpatternsothatyoutakeinonaveragefewercaloriesthanbeforeyouwentonthediet.・Startexercisingsothatyouburntheextracaloriesyoutakein.・Thebestcourseofactionisacombinationofthesetwochoices.64.Whichofthequestionsdoesthepassageanswer?A.Whydoestheweightcomebacksoquicklyonceonestopsdieting?B.Whydoescalorieplaysoimportantapartinkeepingfit?C.Whydosomepeoplegetfatterinthemodernsociety?D.Whydopeopleneedtoburncalorieseveryday?65.Howwillapersonbecomeifthereiscaloriemorethanneeded?A.Hemightfeelsick.B.Hemightgainweight.C.Hemustseeadoctoratonce.D.Hew0111deatmorethanhecan.66.Whomightgetheavymorequicklyiftheyeat2500caloriesperday?A.Awomanof167pounds.B.Amanof157pounds.C.Amanof147pounds.D.Awomanof160pounds.67.WhichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthorNOTagreetoaccordingtothepassage?A.Peopledon’thavetodietbecauseoncetheystoptheywillgainweight.B.People’sweightcandeterminetheamountofcaloriesneeded.C.Dietingpeoplecanexercisemoreandtakeinlesscaloriesinthelongrun.D.Thinpeoplehopingtogetweightdon’thavetogoondieting.
Earthquakesandvolcaniceruptionsusuallycausethelargestmostdisastrousdebris碎石flows.A.greatmanyvictimsoftheearthquakethatstruckWenchuanofSichuanprovincelastMaywerekillednotbythequakeitselfbutbythesuddenlargeamountsofdebristhatfolloweD.Mostdebrisflowsoccurwherethesoiliscomposedmainlyofsandorcolluviums崩积层.Loosesoilsmadeupofbitsofsandorcolluviumsfallaparteasilyandaremainmaterialforfast-movingdebrisflows.Scientistshaveconductedendlessexperimentstofindouthowdebrisflowswork.Theyhavelearnedthattheamountandthetimingofwaterenteringthesoilarecrucial决定性的.Typicallythatmeansdebrisflowsoftenoccurwhenalongrainyperiodofmanyweeksisfollowedbyanintensebriefheavyrain..Moreoftenthannothoweverdebrisflowsarestartedbywaterintheformofrainsnoworriverflow.In1998heavyrainsfromHurricaneMitchunleashedaboutonemilliontonsofmudslidesburyingthousandsofpeopleinCentralAmericA.Waterflowsthroughthesoiluntilithitsahardlayerofbedrockorclay.Therethewaterbuildsupfillingthetinyspacesbetweenthesoilandrock.Thatbuildupreducesthenaturalfriction摩擦力thatkeepstherockandsoildebrislyingontheslopE.Ifconditionsareapproachingdangerouslevelstheslopewillthenfalldown.DespitewhatscientistknowaboutthefactdebrisflowsarestillimpossibletopredictatpresentbecausetherearemanyotheruncertainsaffectthestabilityofeachslopE.Howeveronethingisknown:Onhillsideswhereonedebrisflowhasoccurredanotherwilleventuallyfollow.Thenextdebrisflowcouldtakedaysweeksoryearstohappen.72.Thepassageismainlyabout____.A.whenandwheredebrisflowsoccurB.theexperimentsthatscientistsconductC.thecausesofdebrisflowsD.thepossiblewaystopredictlandslides73.Debrisflowsusuallytakeplace____.A.duringearthquakesandvolcaniceruptionsB.afteraheavyrainoranintensesnowstormC.whenthereisarightamountofwaterenteringthesoilD.whenalongrainyperiodisfollowedbyaheavyrain74.Theunderlinedwordunleashedinthe4thparagraphmostprobablymeans____.A.releasedB.organizedC.providedD.invented75.Wecaninferfromthetextthat____.A.watercanflowthroughahardlayerofbedrockorclayB.;thefrictioncankeeptherockandsoildebrisflowingC.debrisflowscanneverbepredictedbyscientistsD.debrisflowstendtohappenonthesamehillsides
Scientistscandeterminesomeone’sfavoritefoodfromtheirshapE.Theyhavediscoveredthatthearrangement排列oftastebuds味蕾onthetonguevariesfordifferentbodytypes.Thescientistteamexamined1000Britishadultsanddividedthemintothreephysiologically生理学上recognizedbodytypes―ectomorphsendomorphsmesomorphs.Theydeterminedthataperson’sbodytypeindicated表明wheretheywerelikelytohavethemosttastebudsonthesweetbitterorsaltyareasoftheirtongues.Thestudyshowedthatectomorphswhomakeuponeinthreeofthepopulationusuallyhaveasmalldelicateshapehaveasweettoothbuthatebitterfoods.Mesomorphswhomakeup20percentofthepopulationusuallyhaveamuscularshapeandprefersaltyandbitterfoodsbutdislikesweetfoods.HalftheBritishpopulationareendomorphswithsoftroundedbodiesandtheylikemostfoods.ThefindingsshowedthatfortwointhreepeoplefoodpreferencewasaphysiologicalratherthanapsychologicalchoicE.BodyshapeexpertSimonBradshawwhotakeschangeofhisteamsaidItappearsthatsimplybylookingataperson’sbodyshapewecanmakesureabouttheirtastepreferences.ButCatherineCollinsoftheBritishDieteticAssociationsaidItisdifficulttotellwhetherourbodyshapedictatesthefoodwelikeorthefoodwelikedictatesbodyshapE.Itstandstoreasonpeoplewhoprefermosttypesoffoodswillbefatterandpeoplewhoaretheendomorphshapetendto往往会finditmoredifficulttoloseweight.63.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Ectomorphsrefertothepeoplewhoarefat.B.Ectomorphsdon’tlikebitterfoods.C.Endomorphsareusuallynotfat.D.Mesomorphsusuallylikesaltorsweetfoods.64.TheunderlinepartItstandstoreasoninthelastparagraphmeans____.A.EveryonefindsithardtobelieveB.ItisobvioustoeveryoneC.EveryoneknowsthereasonD.Nobodybelievesit65.Itisimpliedthat____.A.thereareonlythreebodytypesB.ectomorphsenjoymostfoodsC.CatherineCollinsisanexpertinbodyshapeD.peoplewhoenjoymostfoodshavetroubleinlosingweight66.AccordingtoCatherineitisuncertain____.A.howmanybodyshapesthereareB.thatfoodpreferenceisaphysiologicalchoiceC.whetherourbodyshapeisdecidedbythefoodweenjoymostD.howtastebudsarrangeonthetongue67.Thismessageismainlyabout____.A.astudythatbodyshapehassomethingtodowithtastebudsB.howtoloseweightC.areportonbodyshapeandfavoritefoodD.howtodetermineone’sbodyshape
DivorceisbadforenvironmentUSresearchersraisedanewtheoryonMonday:divorceisbadfortheenvironment.TheglobaltrendtowardhigherdivorcerateshascreatedmorehouseholdswithfewetPeoplescientistsatMichiganStateUniversityreportedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.MorehouseholdsmeansmorehousesfuelandwaterareHeededforthemtheresearcherswrote.Globallythenumberofhouseholdsisincreasingmuchfasterthanthenumberofpeoplesaidco-authorJackLiuinatelephoneinterview.Eveninregionswithdecliningpopulationweseesubstantialincreaseinthenumberofhouseholds.DivorceisthemainreasonforreducingthenumberofpeopleinahouseholdhesaiD.Theaveragedivorcedperson’shouseholdisabout40to50percentsmallerthantheaveragemarriedperson’shouseholdLiusaiD.ButwhethertherearethreeorsixpeopleinahousetheamountoffuelneededtoheatthemisaboutthesamE.IntheUnitedStatesdivorcedhouseholdsused73billionkilowatt―hoursofelectricityand2.850trillionlitresofwaterin2005thatcouldhavebeensavedifhouseholdshadstayedthesamesizeaswhentheyweremarrieD.ItheUnitedStatesand11othercountriesbetween1998and2002ifdivorcedhouseholdshadcombinedtohavethesameaveragehouseholdsizeasmarriedhouseholdstherecouldhavebeen7.4millionfewerhouseholds.Thenumberofdivorcedhouseholdsinthosecountriesrangedfrom40000inCostaRicatoalmost16millionintheUnitedStatesaround2000.Thenumberofroomsperpersonindivorcedhouseholdswas33percentto95percentgreaterthaninmarriedhouseholds.IfyoureallywanttogetdivorcedmaybeyoucanremarrywithsomebodyelseorlivetogetherwithsomebodyelseyoulikeLiusaiD.68.InAmericawhenthenumberofhouseholdsisthenumberofpeopleinahouseis.A.increasingdecreasingB.decreasingincreasingC.increasingincreasingD.decreasingdecreasing69.Whatdoesthewordsubstantialinthethirdparagraphmean?A.GreatB.LittleC.SuddenD.Timely70.Howmuchelectricitywouldhavebeensavedwithoutsomanypeopletogetdivorced?A.7.4millionkilowatt-hoursB.16millionkilowatt-hoursC.73billionkilowatt-hoursD.about30billionkilowatt-hours71.Thelastparagraphisthewriter’sforpeoplE.A.adviceB.encouragementC.demandD.order
Plasticisoneofthemostimportanttechnologicaldiscoveriesofthe20thcentury.However.itmaysoonbereplaced.Thenewdevelopment――liquidwood――canreplaceplasticsina11branchesofmodern―dayindustries.Plasticasamaterialenjoysthebiggestdemandinthemodernworldbutitdoeshaveanumberofdrawbacks.Firstandforemostplasticisn’trecyclable.Secondlyitcontainstoxins毒物helpingdevelopcancerousdiseases.Finallyit'smadeofoilandoilreservesaren’tendless.Theliquidwoodtechnologyislikelytoreplaceplasticandprovidingmankindwithnewmaterialsformanyyearsahead.NorbertEisenfreich.aseniorresearcherattheFaunhoferInstituteforChemicalTechnologyinGermanyICTsaidthatarboformthenewmaterialismadeoflignin木质素whichcanbeobtainedfromsofttissuesofwood.Oncemixedwithseveralothermaterialsitturnsintosolidandnontoxicalternativeforplastics.ICTteamleaderEmiliaReginaInone――Kauffmannsaidthewood-workingindustryseparateswoodintothreebasiccomponentsincludinglignin.Ligninisn’tusedfortheproductionofpaper.SpecialistsofICTmixedligninwithseveralnaturalmaterialsandthusinventedthematerialwhichcouldbemelted熔化andmolded铸型.Whensolidarboformlookslikeplasticandpossessesthequalitiesofpolishedwood.Itcanbeusedfortheproductionofanyitems.Arboformisalreadyusedfortheproductionofcarpartswhichrequireextrastrength.Inadditionliquidwoodcanberecycledrepeatedly.hematerialpreservedallofitsqualitiesevenifit’sreprocessedtentimes.Howeverthenewinventiondoesn’tenjoyanextensiveuseduetothehighcontentofsulphur硫init.Germanresearchersaresuretoreducetheamountofsulphurby90percentverysoontomakearboformusableforhomeneeds.71.Accordingtothepassageplastics.A.doesharmtooursocietyinsomewayB.helpstoprotectourenvironmentinsomewayC.hasbeenreplacedbythenewlydiscoveredmaterialD.helpsUStoreducetheuseofpetrol72.TheunderlinedwordalternativeinParagraph3refersto.A.hgninorarboformB.plasticsC.mixtureofseveralmaterialsD.softtissuesofwood73.What’stheadvantageofarboformoverplastic?A.Itiseasiermadefromnaturaloil.B.Itismorewidelyusedinhousehold.C.Itisrecyclableandfriendlytoenvironment.D.Itcontainsnopoisonousmaterials.74.ItcanbeconcludedthatGermanresearcherswillfocustheirfutureworkfirstlyon.A.thematerial’sextensiveuseB.thecontentofsulphurinarboformC.theproductioncostofarboformD.thequalitiesofliquidwood75.Themainpurposeofthetextisto.A.advertisethenewmaterial――arboformB.introduceliquidwoodwhichwillreplaceplasticC.advertisenewproductsmadeofarboformD.showreadershowtoproducearboform
OnagrassyplaininSouthAfricathousandsofmilesfromhometwopairsofZoo―bredSouthChinatigercubs----one-year-o1dHopeandCathayandsix-month-oldTigerWoodsandMadonna--arelearningtohuntinthewild.ThehopeisthattheywillonedaypassontheirskillstotheiryoungallowingthenextgenerationtogetbacktowildlifereservesinChina.AsurveyshowsthatthetigersareinmoredangerofdyingoutthanChina’smostfamousanimalthegiantpanda.Fortyyearsagoabout4000SouthChinatigerslivedinthewild.Todaythereareonlyabout30.Anadditional64livein19zoosinChinawhicharealldescendantsofsixwildanimalsseizedin1956.ThecubswereborninzoosinChinaandremovedfromtheirmotherswhentheywerethreemonthsold.TheirfirsthomeinSouthAfricawasaone-acrecampwheretheystayedforamonth.Theirnexthomewasatenacreareawheretheylivedforthreemonthstohelpthemgraduallygetusedtolifeoutsideacage.WhenthecubsfirstarrivedinSouthAfricatheydidn’tevenwanttoleavetheircages.IttookweekstogetthemtoeatchickenusedastheyweretobeingfedbeefattheZooinChinawheretheywereborn.Ittookmonthsofpracticetohuntaliveanimalandthenmakethelinkbetweenthekillandfood.Nowjustafewmonthsonandlivingina150-acrecamptheyhavebecomeremarkablyskilledhunters.AllfouranimalswillfinallyreturntoZoosinChinawhilethepioneeringpairs’cubswillgrowupcompletelywild.TheaimisforthefirstrehabilitatedtigerstogotoreservesdevelopedinChinaby2008whentheOlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijing.72.ThetigersaresenttoSouthAfricasothat.A.theiryoungcanliveinthewildB.theiryoungcanhaveabetterenvironmentC.theycangetusedtowildlifereservesD.theycanliveafreelifeinthewild73.Whatdoesthefourthparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Thefoodthetigersate.B.Theplacewherethetigersweretrained.C.Theprocesstotrainthetigers.D.Thetimeittooktotrainthetigers.74.TheunderlinedpartthefirstrehabilitatedtigersreferstoA.thetigerssenttoSouthAfricaB.thepioneeringpairsC.thetigers’nextgenerationD.thezoo-bredtigers75.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Thereareabout100SouthChinatigersattheZoosinChina.B.SouthChinatigersattheZoosinChinausuallyeatchicken.C.Inthehuntingpracticecubsdidn’teatwhattheyhuntedatfirst.D.ThefourtigerswillappearintheOlympicGames.
Beforeanewtypeofairplanegoesintoserviceeverypartofitistestedagainandagain.Buttherearetwoteststhataremoreimportantthanalltheothers.Thefirstiscalledthetanktest.Modemairplanemustflyveryhighinthesky.AirmustbepumpedintotheplanesothatthepassengerscanbreathE.Themetalstructureoftheplanehastobeverystrongforthisreason.WhentheplaneisfilledwithairtheairpressesagainsttheskinoftheplaneinsidE.Thepressureonasmallwindowislikeahugefootthatistryingtogetout.Ifasmallpartoftheplaneweretofailtheplanewouldexplodeinthesky.Totestthestructuretheplaneisloweredintoahugetankorcontainerofwater.Thenitisfilledwithair.Thepressureinsidetheplaneisgreaterthaniteverwillbewhenitishighupintheair.Finallythereisanexplosion.ThisdoesnotcausesomuchdamageinsidethewatertankasitwouldbeanywhereelsE.Engineerscandiscoverwhichpartoftheplanehasbroken.Thenthatpartismadestronger.Themostdangeroustesthappenswhenthenewplaneisgoingthroughtestflightsintheair.ThetestpilotmustfindoutexactlywhathappenswhentheenginesareallshutoffatoncE.TheplanebeginstofalllikeastonE.Itisthepilot'sjobtofindouthowhecangetcontroloftheplaneagain.Thesetwotestsareexamplesofhowplanesaremadesafebeforetheyevercarrypassengers.64.Bydoingthetanktesttheengineerscanfindout______.A.theamountofairintheplaneB.thestrengthoftheplanestructureC.thepressureinsideandoutsidetheplaneD.thepoweroftheairplaneengines65.Whatwillhappentotheplaneunderthetanktest?A.Itwillbebroken.B.Itwillbefilledwithwater.C.Itwillbemadestronger.D.Itwillbetestedbypilot.66.Accordingtothetextwhyaretestflightsmostdangerous?A.Theplanemayexplodeintheair.B.ThepilotmaylosecontroloftheplanE.C.TheenginesmaybedamageD.D.ToomuchairmaygetintotheplanE.67.Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.TwoImportantTestsonAirplanesB.TheImportanceofFlyingSafelyC.TheDangerofTestingAirplanesD.HowAirplaneAreMadeandTested
Expandeduseofcomputertechnologydevelopmentofstrongerandlightermaterialsandresearchonpollutioncontrolwillproducebettersmarterautomobiles汽车.Inthe1980stheidesthatacarwouldtalktoitsdriverwassciencefiction;bythe1990sithadbecomereality.Onboardnavigationwasoneofthenewautomotivetechnologiesinthe1990s.Byusingthesatellite-aidedglobalpositioningsystemGPSacomputerintheautomobilecanpinpointthecar’slocationwithinafewfeet.Theonboardnavigationsystemusesandelectroniccompassdigitizedmapsandadisplayscreenshowingwherethecarisrelativetothedestinationthedriverwantstoreach.AfterbeingtoldthedestinationthecomputerlocatesitanddirectsthedrivertoitofferingalternativeroutesifneedeD.SomecarsnowcomeequippedwithGPSlocatorbeacons信号灯enablingaGPSsystemoperatortolocatethevehiclemapitslocationandifnecessarydirectrepairoremergencyworkerstothescenE.Garsequippedwithcomputersandcellular蜂窝telephonescanlinktotheInternettoobtainconstantlyupdatedtrafficreportsweatherinformationroutedirectionsandotherdata.Futurebuilt-incomputersystemsmaybeusedtoautomaticallygetbusinessinformationovertheInternetandmanagepersonalaffairswhilethevehicle’sownerisdriving.68.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.NewTechnologyinAutomobileB.AutomobileC.GPSAutomobileD.GPS69.Byusingthesatellite-aidedGPSacomputerintheautomobilecandothefollowingexcept.A.ItcanlocatethevehiclewithinafewfeetB.AfterbeingtoldthedestinationthecomputerlocatesitanddirectsthedrivertoitC.ItcanshowwherethevehicleisirrelativetothedestinationthedriverwantstoreachD.Afterbeingtoldthedestinationthecomputercanofferthedriveralternativeroutesifneeded70.Throughwhichmeanscanacargetweatherinformation?A.ComputersandcellulartelephonesB.TheInternetC.Futurebuilt-incomputersystemsD.GPS71.Thewordsmarterinthefirstparagraphmeans.A.fashionableB.intelligentC.informationD.knowledgeable
阅读短文并简要回答文后的问题注意答题时不得超过规定的字数Whenscientistslookupintothenightskytheyseestarsplanetsandthemoon.Thereisalsodarkmatterthematerialbetweenthestarsandplanets.ScientistsbelievedarkmattermakesupmuchofthematterinouruniversE.Howevertheyhavenotbeenabletoexplainwhereitis.Althoughscientistshavediscoveredsignsofitsgravitynoonehasbeenabletoseedarkmatteruntilnow.Recentlyscientistsdiscoveredobservabledeadstars--ordarkmatter--attheedgeofourownMilkyWaygalaxy.TheexpertsannouncedtheirdiscoveryinScienceMagazinE.Theysaidtheyfoundthirty-eightobjectscalledwhitedwarfs.Eachwhitedwarfisaburnedupdyingstarlikethesun.HowevereachonehasshrunktoaboutthesizeofEarth.Thesenewlydiscoveredwhitedwarfsaresaidtobeaboutfour-hundred-fiftylightyearsfromEarth.A.lightyearisthedistancethatlighttravelsinoneyear.BenOppenheimerledtheresearchteamthatdiscoveredthewhitedwarfs.HeworksattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley.Hesaystheteamstudiedpicturesofthewhitedwarfstakenduringthepastthirtyyears.Themovementoftheobjectssuggeststhattheyareintheso-calledhalooftheuniversE.ThisisaverylargecircleofstarsandgasthatsurroundsourMilkyWaygalaxy.ThisisimportantbecausethehaloismuchlargerthantheMilkyWaygalaxyitself.Theresearcherssuggestthattherearemanywhitedwarfstarsthroughoutthishalo.Thisdiscoverywouldexplainmuchofthemassthatcannotbefoundinourgalaxy.MisterOppenheimersaysmostofthewhitedwarfsmaybeaboutten-thousand-millionyearsolD.Scientistsbelievetheuniversewasbornaboutthirteen-thousand-millionyearsagoafterahugeexplosionofmattercalledtheBigBang.Scientistsestimatethatmostofthedarkmatterinouruniverseismadeupofunusualparticles粒子.Scientistshavenotbeenabletoidentifytheseparticles.Somescientistssaythediscoveryopensthewayformorestudyoftheunexplainedmatter.73.Findinthepassageawordclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordhalo.74.Accordingtothescientists’researchhowfararethewhitedwarfsprobablyfromus?回答词数不超过8个75.Whatresearchwillscientistsmostprobablydoaboutthedarkmatter?回答词数不超过10个
Globalwarmingmayormaynotbethegreatenvironmentalcrisisofthe21stcenturybutregardlessofwhetheritisornotwewon'tdomuchaboutitWewillargueoveritandmayevenasanationmakesomefairlysolemn-soundingcommitmentstoavoiditButthemoredramaticandmeaningfulthesecommitmentsseemthelesslikelytheyaretobeobserveD.AnIGorecallsglobalwarminganinconvenienttruthasifmerelyrecognizingitcouldputusonapathtoasolution.Buttherealtruthisthatwedon'tknowenoughtorelieveglobalwarmingandwithoutmajortechnologicalbreakthroughswecan’tdomuchaboutit.From2003to2050theworld’spopulationisprojectedtogrowfrom6.4billonto9.1billiona42%increaseIfenergyuseperpersonandtechnologyremainthesametotalenergyuseandgreenhousegasemissions排放mainlyCO2willbe42%higherin2050.Butthat’stoolowbecausesocietiesthatgrowricherusemoreenergyWeneedeconomicgrowthunlesswecondemn使注定theworld’spoortotheirpresent.Povertycanfreezeeveryoneelse’slivingstandards.Withmodestgrowthenergyuseandgreenhouseemissionsmorethandoubleby2050nogovernmentwilladoptstrictrestrictionsoneconomicgrowthandpersonalfreedomlimitsonelectricityusagedrivingandtravelthatmightcutbackglobalwarmingStillpoliticianswanttoshowthey’redoingsomethingConsidertheKyotoProtocol京都议定书.Itallowedcountriesthatjoinedtopunishthosethatdidn’tButithasn’treducedCO2emissionsupabout25%since1990andmanysignatories签字国didn’tadopttoughenoughpoliciestohittheir2008-2012targets.Thepracticalconclusionisthatifglobalwarmingisapotentialdisastertheonlysolutionisnewtechnologyonlyanaggressiveresearchanddevelopmentprogrammightfindwaysofbreakingourdependenceonfossilfuelsordealingwithit.Thetroublewiththeglobalwarmingdebateisthatithasbecomeamoralproblemwhenit’sreallyanengineeringonE.Theinconvenienttruthisthatifwedon’tsolvetheengineeringproblem.We’rehelpless.71Whatissaidaboutglobalwarminginthefirstparagraph?AItmaynotproveanenvironmentalcrisisatall.B.Itisanissuerequitingworldwidecommitments.C.SeriousstepshavebeentakentoavoidorstopitDVerylittlewillbedonetobringitundercontrol.72.Greenhouseemissionswillmorehalldoubleby2050becauseof.AeconomicgrowthB.wastefuluseofenergyCthewideninggapbetweentherichandpoorDtherapidadvancesofscienceandtechnology73.TheauthorbelievesthatsincethesigningoftheKyotoProtocolApoliticianshavestartedtodosomethingtobetterthesituationB.fewnationshaveadoptedrealtoughmeasurestolimitenergyuseCreductionsinenergyconsumptionhavegreatlycutbackglobalwarmingDinternationalcooperationhavegreatlycutbackglobalwarming74.Whatisthemessagetheauthorintendstoconvey?A.GlobalwarmingismoreofamoralissuethanapracticalonE.B.ThefinalsolutiontoglobalwarmingliesinnewtechnologyC.ThedebateoverglobalwarmingwillleadtotechnologicalbreakthroughsD.Peoplehavetogiveupcontainmaterialcomfortstostopglobalwarming75Accordingtotheauthor’sunderstandingwhatisAlGore’sviewonglobalwarming?AItisarealtybothpeopleandpoliticiansareunawareofBItisaphenomenonthatcausesusmanyinconveniencesCItisaproblemthatcanbesolvedonceitisrecognized.DItisanareaweactuallyhavelittleknowledgeabout.
EventhoughorbitershaveeyeditfromspaceandlandershaverumbledacrossitssurfaceMarsstillhasmoresecretstoreveal.Twofindingsemergedthisweek:thepossibilityofanactiveglacierfarfromtheplanet’spolesandevidencethatsulfur―ratherthancarbon―wastheelementdrivingtheplanet’swarmerclimatelongago.BothdiscoveriescouldforcesomerethinkingaboutMartianevolutionanddynamics―andmaybeevenprovideinsightsaboutEarth’spast.TheglacierdiscoverywasannouncedWednesdaybytheEuropeanSpaceAgencyESA.A.high-resolutionstereocameraaboardESA’sMarsExpressspacecraftspottedthefeatureinaregioncalledDeuteronilusMensaelocatedinthemid-northlatitudesoftheplanet.TheMarsExpressscienceteamdrewthepreliminaryconclusionthatthematerialinthefeatureiswatericeandthatitaccumulatedasrecentlyas10000yearsagoprobablyfromanundergroundsourcE.Otherdepositsofwatericehavebeenmappedatthemartianpolesbutthey’remuchbiggerandaremillionsofyearsolD.Thefindisasurprisebecausetheprevailingviewisthatanywaterreachingthemartiansurfacefromundergroundquicklyevaporates蒸发andeventuallydriftsintospacE.YetallofthephysicalcharacteristicsofthefeatureareconsistentwiththatofaglaciersaysgeologistandteammemberRonaldGreeleyofArizonaStateUniversityinTempe.Meanwhileinthe21DecemberissueofScienceateamfromHarvardUniversityandtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyoffersapossiblesolutionforthecuriousabsenceofcarbon-basedmineralsonMars.A.buildupofcarbondioxideintheancientmartianatmospheresupposedlyproducedenoughofagreenhouseeffecttoallowliquidwatertoflowforatimeonthesurfacE.Theproblemisthatsuchaprocessshouldhavedepositedamplecarbon-containingmineralsontheplanet’ssurface―somethingthathasn’tbeenfounD.Sotheresearchershavecomeupwithanewexplanation:LargeamountsofsulfurdioxideSO2intheatmospheretheresultofearlyvolcanicactivitycapturedenoughheattoallowwatertoflow.Thiswouldexplaintheplentifuldistributionofsulfatesamongmartianminerals.51.ThemaincauseofthewarmclimateonMarsis_________.A.watericeB.carbonC.sulfurD.activeglacier52.Whichofthefollowingshowsthatthefindoftheglacierdiscoveryisasurprise?A.AnywaterreachingthemartiansurfacewillquicklyevaporateanddriftintospacE.B.Itisknowntoallwaterorofsimilarphysicalcharacteristiccan’texistontheMars.C.Thereseemstobeanactiveglacierlocatedinthemid-northlatitudesoftheMars.D.ThewatericeaccumulatedatthemartianpolesisbiggerthanwhatitusedtobE.53.Whatcanbelearnedfromlastparagraph?A.Theresearcherscanclearlyexplainthereasonfortheabsenceofcarbon-basedmineralsonMars.B.Thelargeamountofcarbondioxideledtogreenhouseeffectwhichallowedtheliquidwatertoflow.C.Thesulfurdioxidewhichledthewatertoflowwasproducedbythevolcanoeruptionlongtimeago.D.MorethanhalfofthemineralsonMarsstudiedbytheresearchersatpresentarerelatedtocarbon.54.Whatisprobablythetitleofthepassage?A.TheredplanetstillpackssurprisesB.ThepossibilityofaglacieronMarsC.ThemainkeytothewarmthonMarsD.Watermayexistonthemysteriousplanet55.Wheredoesthepassageprobablycomefrom?A.Travel&FashionB.Economy&FinanceC.Animal&BotanyD.Nature&Astronomy
AnearlyinventionbyAlbertEinsteinhasbeenrebuiltbyscientistsatOxfordUniversity.Theyaretryingtodevelopanenvironmentallyfriendlyrefrigeratorthatrunswithoutelectricity.Weallknowthatmodernfridgescausedamagetotheenvironment.Theyworkbyusingakindofman-madegreenhousegascalledFreon氟里昂whichisfarmoredamagingthancarbondioxidE.NowMalcolmMcCullochanelectricalengineeratOxfordisleadingathree-yearprojecttodevelopappliancesthatcanbeusedinplaceswithoutelectricity.Histeamhascompletedaprototype样机ofafridgepatentedin1930byEinstein.ItusedonlypressurizedgasestokeepthingscolD.Thedesignwaspartlyusedinthefirstrefrigeratorsbutthetechnologywasdroppedwhenmoreefficientcompressors压缩机becamepopularinthe1950s.ThatmeantaswitchtousingFreon.Einstein’sideausesbutane丁烷andwaterandtakesadvantageofthefactthatliquidsboilatlowertemperatureswhentheairpressurearoundthemislower.IfyougotothetopofMountQomolangmawaterboilsatamuchlowertemperaturethanitdoeswhenyou’reatsealevelandthat’sbecausethepressureismuchloweruptheresaidMcCulloch.Atonesideistheevaporator蒸发器abottlethatcontainsliquidbutanE.IfyouintroduceanewvaporabovethebutanetheliquidboilingtemperaturedecreasesandasitboilsoffittakesenergyfromthesurroundingstodososaysMcCulloch.That’swhatmakesitcolD.ThegasfridgesbasedonEinstein’sdesignwerereplacedbyFreon-compressorfridgespartlybecauseEinstein’sdesignwasnotveryefficient.ButMcCullochthinksthatbychangingthedesignandreplacingthetypesofgasesuseditwillbepossibletoquadruple翻两番theefficiency.HoweverMcCulloch’sfridgeisstillinitsearlystages.It’sverymuchaprototypehesaiD.Giveusanothermonthandwe'llhaveitworking.39.AccordingtothepassageanearlyinventionbyAlbertEinstein_______.A.hasbeenrediscoveredbecauseitcostsmuchlessandworksmoreefficientlyB.isbeingredesignedbecauseitcouldbeusedinplaceswithoutelectricityC.hasjustbeenfoundtobeenergy-savingandenvironmentallyfriendlyD.willbefullymadeuseofandbecomethefridgeofthefuture40.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.Freonwasusedinfridgeslongbeforethe1950s.B.Freoniswhatmakescurrentfridgesbigpolluters.C.McCullochthinkshecouldimproveEinstein'sdesignbyusingothertypesofvapors.D.ThefridgeMalcolmMcCullochandhisteamdesignedwillbeputintoproductionsoon.41.Wecanlearnfromthetextthattheprototypecompleted_______.A.changedtheairpressurearounditB.wastestedonthetopofMountEverestC.increasedtheliquidboilingtemperatureD.usedonlypressurizedgasestokeepthingscold42.McCulloch’swordsinParagraph6_____.A.serveasanexplanationfortheprinciplebehindEinstein’sfridgeB.giveyouthereasonwhyEinstein’sfridgewasnotefficientC.tellyouhowtotakeadvantageoflowairpressureD.showyouhowEinstein’sfridgeworks
Letusbeginbysayingwhatdoesnotcauseourdreams.Ourdreamsdonotcomefromanotherworld.Theyarenotmessagesfromoutsidesource.Theyarenotalookintothefutureeither.Allourdreamshavesomethingtodowithourfeelingsfearslongingswishesneedsandmemories.Ifapersonishungryortiredorcoldhisdreamsmayincludeafeelingofthiskind.Ifthecoversonyourbodysuchasaquiltorablankethaveslippedoffyourbedyoumaydreamthatyouaresleepingontheiceandsnow.Thematerialforthedreamyouwillhavetonightislikelytocomefromtheexperienceyouhavetoday.Sothesubjectofyourdreamusuallycomesfromsomethingthathaseffectonyouwhileyouaresleepingfeelingofcoldanoiseadiscomfortetcanditmayalsouseyourpastexperiencesandthewishesandtheinterestsyouhavenow.Thisiswhychildrenarelikelytodreamoffairiesolderchildrenofschoolexaminationshungrypeopleoffoodhome-sicksoldiersoftheirfamiliesandprisonersoffreedom.Toshowyouhowthisishappeningwhileyouareasleepandhowyourneedsandwishescanallbejoinedtogetherinadreamhereisthestoryoftheexperiment.Amanwasasleepandthebackofhishandwasrubbedwithapieceofabsorbedcotton.Hewoulddreamhewasinhospitalandhischarminggirlfriendwasvisitinghimsittingonthebedandfeelinggendyhishands!Therearesomescientistswhohavemadeaspecialstudyofwhywedreamwhatwedreamandwhatthosedreamsmean.Theirexplanationsofdreamsthoughabitreasonableisnotacceptedbyeveryonebutitoffersaninterestingapproachtotheproblem.Theybelievethatdreamsaremosdyexpressionsofwishesthatdonotcometrue.Inotherwordsdreamsareawayofhavingyourwishescarriedout.45.Fromthepassageweknowthatourdreams.A.areimaginationofourdailylifeB.areman’scuriouslookintothefutureC.havenothingtodowithourfeelingsD.aretosomedegreeconnectedwithourfeelings46.Olderchildrenoftendreamofexaminationsprobablybecause.A.theyareinterestedinexamsB.theyareoftenworriedabouttheirstudiesC.theyhopeforbetterlifeD.theyshowmuchinterestintheirstudies47.Accordingtothewritertheexplanationofdreamsthatsomescientistsmade.A.isconsideredinteresting.butmeaninglessB.givesagoodanswertothequestionwhywedreamC.hassomevaluethoughnotfullyconvincingD.hasbeenprovedbythefindingsoftheirstudies48.Whatisthebesttireforthispassage?A.WhyPeopleDreamB.NewFindingsaboutDreamsC.DreamMakesHopesD.WhatDreamsMean
FirstMan-Bear-Pigandnowglobalwarming;itseemsAlGoreneverstopstosurprisetheworlD.RecentlyAlGoreproducedthemovieAnInconvenientTruthwhichexplainedthethreatsandtoldushowtocontrolglobalwarming.WhatitleftoutisthatthereisnoproofthathumanactivityisevencausingglobalwarmingletaloneifglobalwarmingiseventakingplacE.Globalwarmingistheideathatgreenhousegasesthatshutininfra-red红外的radiationintheearth'satmospherearebecomingmorepowerfulandheatingourplanetup.Thetheoryisthatiftheplanetcontinuestoheatupthepolaricecapscouldmeltandcovertheearthinwater.Overthelast100yearstheEarthhasincreasedonedegreeintemperatureandsealevelhasrisenmillimeters.Eventhoughthiseye-openingnewsistakingplacethereisnoclearproofsayingthatitisduetoglobalwarming.Itcouldbejustaregularweatherpatterntheearthiscirculating.Thepolaricecapshavenotgrownorreducedinsizesincemanbegantrackingthem.Alsotheground-basedtemperaturehasremainedthesamebesidesgrowingcities.Infactmostcluessupporttheideathatglobalwarmingisnottakingplaceandhumanactivityisn’tcausinganyearthtomeltdown.AlthoughAlGoreinsiststheworldisonitswaytocertaindestructionthefactssayotherwisE.Itseemsthatdrivingtoworkwon'tleadtothedoom末日ofmankindandthemovieWaterWorldwon'tbehappeninganytimesoon.71.ItislikelythatAlGore_____.A.isconcernedaboutthethreatofglobalwarmingB.holdsthathumandoesn’tcauseglobalwarmingC.knowshowtostopglobalwarmingsuccessfullyD.doesn’tbelieveglobalwarmingistakingplace72.Globalwarmingistheideagenerallyabout______.A.greenhousesB.infraredradiationC.greenhousegasesD.theatmosphere73.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?______.A.Theearthhasrisen1ºCtemperatureinthelastcenturyB.ThesealevelisincrediblyhigherthananytimebeforeC.SomepeopleareupsetatthenewsofglobalwarmingD.Thepolaricecapshaven’tgrownorreducedinsize74.Theauthorbelievesthat______.A.mostproofssupportglobalwarmingishappeningB.humanactivitiescontributelittletoglobalwarmingC.drivingtoworkwillleadtotheendofmankindD.A.WaterWorldwillbehappeningverysoon75.______canbethebesttitleofthepassagE.A.AThreateningFilmbyAlGoreB.TheCausesofGlobalWarmingC.TheDoomofMankind?D.ThePolarIceMeltDown!
Astudyhaswarnedthatseafoodsuppliesfromtheworld’soceanscouldbealmostgonebythemiddleofthecentury.Theresearcherssaytherehasalreadybeenabreakdowninwildpopulationsofalmostonethirdofcurrentlyfishedseafoods.Thestudysaysthatmeanstheircatchhasfallenbyninetypercentfromtheirhighestlevels.BorisWormofDalhousieUniversityinNovaScotiaCanadaledtheinternationalteamthatdidthestudy.ProfessorWormsaysspecieshaverecentlybeendisappearingfromoceansatanincreasingspeeD.Atthisratehesaysallseafoodspeciescouldbreakdownbytwothousandfortyeight.Otherstudieshavealsowarnedaboutthedangersofoverfishingandtheeffectsonoceanenvironments.Butnoteveryonethinkstheoceansarelikelytobeemptyinfiftyyears.Somescientistssaidpartsoftheworlddohaveproblemsbutothersaredoingagoodjobofprotectingfishpopulations.Governmentofficialsinseveralcountrieswithlargefishingindustriesalsoquestionedtheresearch.ThestudyappearedearlierthismonthinSciencemagazinE.Theresearcherssaydamagetooceansaffectsnotonlyfishpopulationsbutalsotheproductivityofecosystems生态系统.Thesecomplexsystemshelpcontrolwaterquality.Thescientistssaythelossofdifferentkindsofsealifeappearedtoincreasetheriskoffishkillsandbeachclosuresfromharmfulalgae藻类growth.Thescientistsexaminedtheresultsofthirtytwoexperimentsandobservedfortyeightprotectedareas.TheyalsolookedatrecordsofcatchesworldwidE.TheystudiedrecordsfromtheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganizationfornineteenfiftytotwothousandthreE.Andtheyexaminedarcheologicalinformationandotherhistoricalrecordsfortwelvecoastalareas.Thatresearchreachedbackoverathousandyears.BorisWormsaysthefindingswereinhiswordsbeyondanythingwesuspecteD.Buthealsosaidthesituationisnottoolatetocorrect.Hesaidthatwithgoodfisheriesmanagementsomespeciescouldcompletelyrecoverinthreetotenyears.64.Thetwounderlinedwordstheirinthesecondparagraphmostprobablymean.A.researchers’B.fishermen’sC.ofseafoodsD.oftheoceans65.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Notallscientistsbelievethatallseafoodspecieswilldisappearverysoon.B.Mostgovernmentofficialsdisagreetotheseafooddisappearingresearch.C.Somescientistsaredoingagoodjobofprotectingfishpopulations.D.Theauthorisastrongsupporterofthestudy.66.AccordingtoBorisWorm.A.thereisnothingwecandotochangethepresentsituationB.theoceanecosystemscanbeimprovedwithrightmeasuresC.thingsaregettingworsethougheffortscanbemadeD.somemorespecieswillcomeintobeingwithrightmeasures67.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.TocallonpeopletoprotecttheoceanenvironmentsB.TointroduceastudyaboutthedisappearingofseafoodsC.ToreportdifferentopinionsabouttheseafoodresearchD.Tocriticizethepresentfisheriesmanagement
Ifyouwanttostayyoungsitdownandhaveagoodthink.ThisistheresearchfindingofateamofJapanesedoctorswhosaythatmostofourbrainsarenotgettingenoughexerciseandasaresultweareageingunnecessarilysoon.ProfessorTaijiuMatsuzawawantedtofindoutwhyotherwisehealthyfarmersinnorthernJapanappearedtobelosingtheirabilitytothinkandreasonatarelativelyearlyageandhowtheprocessofageingcouldbesloweddown.WithateamofpartnersatTokyoNationalUniversityhesetaboutstudyingthebrainvolumes体积ofathousandpeopleofdifferentagesandvariousjobs.Computertechnologyenabledtheresearcherstogetexactmeasurementofthevolume容量ofthefrontandsidesectionsofthebrainwhichrelatetointellect智能andfeelingsanddeterminethehumancharacter.ThebacksectionofthebrainwhichcontrolsfunctionslikeeatingorbreathingdoesnotconnectwithagE.Onecancontinuelivingwithoutintellectualorfeelingabilities.Contraction收缩offrontandsideparts-ascellsdieoff-wasobservedinsomesubjectsintheirthirtiesbutitwasstillnotobviousinsomesixtyandseventyyearolds.Matsuzawaconcludedfromhisteststhatthereisasimplecureforthecontractionnormallyconnectedwithageusingthebrain.Thefindingsshowingeneralconditionsthatcontractionofthebrainbeginssoonamongpeopleinthecountrythaninthetown.ThoseareatleastatrisksaysMatsuzawawhoarelawyersfollowedbyuniversityprofessorsanddoctors.Whitecollarworkersdoingregularworkingovernmentofficesarehoweveraslikelytohaveshrink收缩asthefarmworkersbusdriversandshopassistants.Matsuzawa’sfindingsshowthatthinkingcanpreventthebrainfromshrinking.BloodmustflowthroughacircleproperlyintheheadtosupplythefreshoxygenthebraincellsneeD.Thebestwaytokeepgoodbloodmovementisthroughusingthebrainhesays.Thinkhardandengageinconversation.Don’tdependonpocketcalculators.77.Theteamofdoctorswantedtofindout__________.A.howtomakepeoplelivelongerB.whycertainpeopleagesoonerthanothersC.howpeoplestayyoungD.whichpeoplearemostintelligent78.OnwhataretheirresearchfindingsbasedA.A.studyoffarmersinnorthernJapan.B.TestsperformedonathousandoldpeoplE.C.ThestudyofbrainvolumesofdifferentpeoplE.D.Thelatestdevelopmentofcomputertechnology.79.Theunderlinedwordsubjectsinparagraph5means________.A.somethingtobeconsideredB.branchesofknowledgestudiedC.personschosentobestudiedinanexperimentD.anymemberofastageexceptthegreatruler80.AccordingtothepassagewhichpeopleseemtoageslowerthantheothersA.Lawyers.B.Clerks.C.Farmers.D.Shopassistants.
RecentlyIwasaskedAreweanywherenearthedaywhenyoucanclimbintoacaronLongIslandprogramittotakeyoutoyourniece’shouseinChicagohitenterandafterthefirsthundredyardsonceyouhitamainroadthecartakesoverautomaticallyandyoujustsitbackandenjoytheride?ItisaquestionIworry.ButIhadtoanswertruthfullyAbsolutely.Wearewithoutadoubtnearthatday.Lookwe’realreadydoingitwithairplanes.NorthropGrumman’sGlobalHawktakesoffatanairbaseintheU.S.climbsto50000feetfliestoAustraliaandlandsatanAustralianairbasewherethereisagrandstandfilledwithmilitaryofficials=withnohumanpilot.ThenecessarytechnologyisalreadyherE.Wehaveradartechnologythatcanbetiedtocruise巡航controlandbrakeswhichautomaticallyadjusts调整yourspeedbasedonfollowingdistanceandpreprogrammedsettings.It’sstillalittlebitrawbutitdoesworkgreat.Thetechnologycanallowcarsandtruckstofolloweachotherinverycloselyspacedroads.GPScanalsochangespeedwithlocation.Let’ssayyou’reinastatewitha75-mphlimitandyoucrossintoastatewitha65-mphlimit.GPSknowsthatandadjustyourspeedaccordingly.It’snotoutofthequestiontoimaginethatsomedaysoonyou’llbeabletostartthecarmakepropersettingsthenturnthefrontseatsaroundandplaycardsandeatlunchasifyou’reridingonatrain.Allinperfectcomfortandsafetyallthewaytothatniece’splaceinChicago.IfaskedtoestimatejusthowfartimeisI’dsayaworkingsystemistenyearsoutpracticemaybe20years.57.Thepurposeofthequestionaskedinthefirstpassageprobablyis.A.todrawreaders’attentiontohistheoryB.tointroducethetopictobediscussedinthepassageC.todescribethecarsinthefutureD.toprovethathisideaisright58.What’sthekeytechnologytoautomaticcardriving?A.Thetechnologyofairplanes.B.ThetechnologytobedevelopedinthefuturE.C.ThetechnologyofradarandGPS.D.Thetechnologyofsatellites.59.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthechangeincardriving?A.It’saterriblethingtocomeB.It’sawondertodrivesuchacarC.It’sapitytogiveuptheskillofdrivingD.Itisverylikelytocometrueinthenearfuture60.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Drivingisdead?B.CarsinthefutureC.Newtechnologywillchangecars?D.Comfortablecardriving
Peopleandthesourcesofairpollutionarefoundinthesameplaces.Thismeansthatcitieswithlargepopulationshavethebiggestproblemofdirtyair.Airpollutioniscausedbymanydifferentthings.A.majorsourceofairpollutionisthegasfumesfromcars.Statisticsshowthat93percentofallautotripsarewithincities.Anothermajorsourceofdirtyairistheburningofcoalandoilforenergy.Thisenergyisneededtomakeelectricity.Ofcoursemuchmoreelectricityisusedinthecitythaninthecountry.OntheaveragewethrowawaymoretrashandgarbagethantheyearbeforE.Theburningofgarbagecontributestoairpollution.Manymajorindustriesarealsoresponsibleforthedirtyairinthearoundcities.Thefumesfromironsteelchemicalandpetroleumproductionaddparticlestotheair.Theeffectsofairpollutionrangefrommildheadachestodeath.Thelevelsofpollutionfoundinheavyfortrafficmaycauseheadachesforlossofclearvision.WherevercoalandoilareusedforfuelfumesmaykilltreesandplantsandcausemetaltocorrodE.Insomeofthelargercitiesthesefumesendangertheliveofhumanbeingsbycontributingtolungdiseasesandcausingearlydeath.67.Thekeypointofthepassageisthat_________.A.thecauseofairpollutionispeopleB.thecausesandtheeffectsofairpollutionarebothfoundincitiesC.theeffectsofairpollutionrangefromheadachestodeathD.airpollutioniscausedbydirtyair68.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.topersuadepeopletostoppollutingtheairB.totellthecausesofairpollutionC.totellwhycitiesarebadplacestoliveD.todescribewhycitiesarebadplacestolive69.Whyisairpollutionmoregraveinthecitythaninthecountry?A.Becausetherelargerpopulationsincities.B.Becausetheairinthecityisdirty.C.Becausetherearemorecarsinthecity.D.Becausetherearemuchmoregasfumesfromcarsandburningofcoalandoilforenergyinthecitythaninthecountry.70.Thefumesfromcoalandoilmaycausemetal______.A.toturnblackB.tobecomerustyC.tocorrodeD.totwist71.Inlargercitiesthefumesfromcoalandoilmaycontributeto___________.A.heartdiseaseB.lungdiseasesC.lossofclearvisionD.seriousheadache
Thankstoscienceindustryandmoralphilosophymankind’sstepswereatlastguideduptherightpathinthepastcentury.The19thcenturyofsteamwasabouttogivewaytothe20thcenturyofoilandelectricity.CharlesDarwin’stheoryofevolutiononly41yearsoldin1900providedascientificbasisfortheideathatprogresswasnottobestoppeddeterminedbynaturallaw.Andalmosteverybodythoughtthatthedevelopmentwouldcontinuetobeasslowasthatinthe19thcentury.Inventionsliketherailroadorthetelegraphorthetypewriterenabledpeopletolivetheireverydaylivesalittlemoreconveniently.NoonecouldhaveguessedthatnewideaswouldstormtheworldwithaforceandfrequencyatanamazingpacE.Thishigh-speedattackofnewideasandtechnologiesseemedtomakepeoplebelieveintheolddreamsofaperfectlifeonearthofasafeworldinwhichnaturaldisasterswouldbecontrolleD.Butthefastprogresswasaccompaniedbysomethingagainstmankind’swill.MurdersinSarajevo萨拉热窝in1914ledtotheGreatWarwhichdidmorethandestroyagenerationofEuropeans.TheGreatWarwasmostcommonlycalledsountilthebeginningofWorldWarⅡwhenitwasrenamedWorldWarⅠ.Hitlerrosetopowerinthe1930’s.ItwasthisverymanwhoorderedtheattackofPolandonlytomeetwithhisfailurewhenGreatBritainandFrancemadewaronGermany.OnDecember71941theJapanesebombedtheAmericannavalbaseatPearlharbor.AmericansdecidedtoenterthewarandWorldWarⅡwasnowtrulyaworldwar.Butcivilizationwasnotcrushed压碎bythetwogreatwarsandfromtheruinspeoplebuiltawayoflifeagain.Thecitizensofthe20thcenturyfeltfreetoreinventthemselves.Inthattasktheywereaidedbytwofar-reachingdevelopments－Psychoanalysis精神分析andtheBomB.51.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatatthebeginningofthe20thcentury__________.A.greatchangesoccurredbetweenthe19thcenturyandthe20thcenturyB.theworldknewnothingaboutscienceindustryandmoralphilosophyC.mankindcametorealizetherewasnotachangeinthe19thcenturyD.Darwinthebuilderofthetheoryofevolutionwasinhisforties52.Becauseoftheinventionsliketherailroadtelegraphandtypewriterpeoplecould_____.A.knowthattheprogresswasmadeonlybyscientistsB.enjoytheirlifemorecomfortablyandconvenientlyC.tellthatamankindkillingwasabouttotakeplaceD.maketheirdreamsofabetterlifeandabetterworldcometrue53.WhywastheGreatWarrenamedasWorldWarⅠ?A.BecauseitdestroyedagenerationofEuropeans.B.Becauseitwasnotonlyawarbutahumandisaster.C.Becauseitwasfollowedbytheotherworldwar.D.Becauseitwasinfluencedbynewideas.54.WhichhappeningisnotmentionedinthispassagebeforeWorldWarⅡ?A.HitlercameintopowerB.JapanattachedPearlHarbor.C.PolandwasattackedbyGermany.D.USAhadnotplannedtogointothewar55.Whatisthewriterlikelytotalkaboutifhecontinuestowrite?A.Citizenship.B.Invention.C.Ruins.D.Psychoanalysis.
Teachersandtextbooksbeware―yourfuturecouldbeunderthreatfromaquicklydevelopingandverysmarttechnology.UniversityofCaliforniaresearchersledbyJacobWhitehillrecentlyprogrammedteachingrobotstoreacttofacialexpression.Whitehill'sachievementmarkedamajorstepforwardinthewaypeoplecouldonedaylearnbyestablishingfacialexpressionrecognitioninrobotteachers.TheteachingrobotsorIntelligentTutoringSystemsITSarecomputersystemsthatprovidepersonalizedinstructionandfeedbacktostudentswithouthumanintervention.Thefacialexpressionrecognitionallowsacomputertoreactaccordingtoexpressionsausermakes.Hesaidthatthesystemwasanimportantdevelopmentinimprovinglearningsystems.ClassicalITStypicallyhaveasomewhatrigidarchitectureof‘firstIaskaquestion;thenIwaitforaresponse;thenItalksomemorethen1waitforanotherresponsE.’Facialexpressionrecognitionlbelievewillallowthefeedbackfromstudenttoteachertohappenwhiletherobotteacheristalking.Whitehillsaid.ExpertsagreethelatestdevelopmentsinITSopennewpossibilitiesforhowpeoplecouldlearn.UniversityofMemphisresearcherDrAndrewOlneywhorecentlyreceivedaUS$1.3milliongranttodevelopanITSsaidthekeytofuturelearningwillbeenablinginteractive交互的one-on-oneinstruction.Thetechnologycanbenefitthesemoreadvancedlearningscenarios方案hesaid.Althoughrobotteachersofvaryingabilitieshaveexistedformorethan30yearsITSdevelopmentssuchasWhitehill'sandOlney'sarepushingbeliefsthatrobotscouldsoonbeaseffectiveas―ifnotmoreeffectivethanhumanteachers.TheITSwhichhavebeendevelopedarealreadybetterteachersthanpeoplewhohavenoexperienceOlneysaid.Sowhatisthefuturefortoday'steachersclassroomsandtextbooks?65.Theunderlinedwordbewareinparagraph1hasthesimilarmeaningto_____________.A.takecareB.getreadyC.takeiteasyD.havealook66.Thenewlyteachingrobotsaremoreadvancedbecausetheyhave_______________.A.JacobWhitehillasthedesignerB.aprogramreactingtofacialexpressionsC.asystemtohelppeoplelearnD.asetofinstrumentstorecognizeyourvoice67.ComparedwithclassicalITSdevelopedITScan__________________.A.askandanswerquestionsinturnsB.providefeedbacktostudentsinlesstimeC.somewhatinteractwiththestudentsD.makedifferentfacialexpressions68.Accordingtothetextwecaninferthat_______________.A.inthefuturestudentswillnotneedtextbooksatallB.thedevelopedITScanansweranyquestionstudentsaskC.facialexpressionrecognitioninITShasexistedforalongtimeD.inthefutureteachingrobotswillpossiblytaketheplaceofhumanteachers69.Thewriterseemsto___________thenewly-developedteachingrobots.A.throwdoubtonB.objecttoC.takenointerestinD.approveof70.Theauthorwrotethepassageaimingto____________.A.warnteachersagainstrobotteachersinadvanceB.explainhowrobotteachersinthefutureworkC.introduceanewlydevelopedteachingrobotD.showhisrespectforthedesignersoftheadvancedITS
AnAustraliancompanySmartCarTechnologieshasdevelopedasystemthatletsdriversknowwhenthey’respeeding.Whenthetechnologybecomescommerciallyavailableitcouldhelplead-footeddriversavoidticketsandalsosavelives.ThecompanythatdevelopedtheproducthopestoconvinceAustraliangovernmentagenciestoputthetechnologyintouseintheirautomobilefleets.TheproductcalledSpeedAlertlinksreal-timelocationdataandspeedobtainedwiththehelpofGPStoadatabaseofpostedspeedlimitsstoredinadriver’sPDAorprogrammablemobilephone.Thesetupoftheproductdoesnotneedtobehookeduptoacar’sspeedometer.Infactitisentirelyportable.ItwillalsoworkwithnewerphonesandPDAsthathavebuilt-inGPSreceivers.Ifadriverexceedsthespeedlimitthespeedisshownandanalertsounds.MichaelPaineanAustralianvehicledesignengineerandtrafficsafetyconsultantwashiredtoanalyzetheproduct.HetoldLiveSciencethathiscolleaguesintheroadsafetyfieldareveryenthusiasticaboutwhatthey’renowcallingintelligentspeedalert.OtherresearchaccordingtoPaineshowsthat40percentofalltrafficdeathsinvolvespeeding.Thereisalsoapotentiallycontroversialfutureuse:SincethesystemissoportableitwouldbeeasytomakeitarequirementforteenagedriverstoalwaysuseaspeedalertdevicewhendrivingPainesaid.Thesystemevenhasthecapabilitytorecordspeedingviolationssoparentscanmonitortheirteenagedrivers.TheproductwillsoongoonsaleinSydney.66.What’sthepurposeofthenewproduct?A.Toinformusofthenewcarsystem.B.Tointroducesomeimprovementincars.C.Tolimitcertaindriverstosafedriving.D.Topopularizethebuilt-incarsystem.67.Lead-footeddriversrefertotheones.A.whodrivetoocarelesslyB.thatdriveextremelyfastC.whoarepartlydisabledD.thatdrivetooslowly68.Thesecondparagraphmainlytalksabout.A.theprojectofthebuilt-inproductB.whythesystembecomespopularC.thefunctionsofGPSincarsD.howtheproductisprogrammed69.WhichofthefollowingistrueofSpeedAlertaccordingtoMichaelPaine?A.MostofthetrafficdeathscanbeavoideD.B.Speedingviolationscanbeeasilyfoundout.C.Thesystemwillexcitesometeenagedrivers.D.Theproductwillnotbeavailableforadults.70.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.SpeedAlertandItsFutureUseB.ProgressinCar-makingScienceC.WarningforAdventurousDriversD.NewIn-CarDeviceAgainstSpeeding
Newfindingssuggestthatbrainycardgamessuchascontractbridge合约桥牌maytemporarilyraiseproductionofakeybloodcellincludinginfightingoffillness.After90minutesofplaybridgeplayershadincreasedlevelofimmune免疫cellaccordingtoresearchreportedlastweek.AresearcherDiamondstudiesbridgeplayersfromawoman’sbridgecluB.Shechosebridgeplayersbecausethegameincludesskillsstimulating刺激apartofthebraincalledthedorsolateralcortex.Earlieranimalresearchsuggeststhatthispartofthebrainmayplayaroleintheimmunesystem.Thefindingsarebasedonbloodsamplesdrawnfrom12womenplayers.TheirbloodsamplesshowedariseinlevelsofwhitebloodcellscalledTcellsaftertheyplayedbridgefor90minutes.Tcellsareproducedbythethymusgland胸腺andusedbytheimmunesystemagainstdiseases.TheTcellscountjumpedsignificantlyineightofthebridgeplayersandslightlyintheotherfour.Thefindingscontributetothefieldofneuroimmunology神经免疫学whosenamereflectsthefactthatthenervoussystemandtheimmunesystemarenotconsideredseparateandisolatedsystems.Whatisn’tcleariswhetherthehelptotheimmunesystemfromanactivitylikecontractbridgeislastingortemporary.It’salsonotclearwhethertheincreaseinTcellscouldfinallybetargetedagainstspecialillness.72.Playingbridgecanhelponetofightoffdiseasesbecauseitcan____.A.raiseproductionofakeybloodcellB.makepeoplejoyfulC.aiddigestionD.makebreak-awayfromthebadhabits73.Diamondchosetostudybridgeplayersfortheresearchbecause_____.A.theplayersaregoodfriendsofhersB.shelovesplayingbridgeC.thisgamestimulatesapartofthebrainthathassomethingtodowithimmunesystemD.Sheisaclevermanagerwhooperatesherbridgeclubwell74.ATcellis_____.A.abraincellB.awhitebloodcellC.aredbloodcellD.akindofdangerousblood75.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothisarticle?A.Theimmunesystemandthebrainsystemusedtoconsideredseparatedandisolatedsystem.B.ThehelptotheimmunesystemthatisbroughtaboutbyplayingbridgecanlastforlongtimE.C.Cortexisakindofbloodcell.D.ThenewfindingsareimpossiblE.
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