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Fromthelastsentenceofthepassagewecanlearnthat_____
we can put noise under control if we take effective measures
sometimes we have to shout loudly so that others can hear us
shouting is the chief cause of noise pollution nowadays
it is important to warn people of the danger of noise pollution
Idon'tknow1________you'venoticed2________somestude
Idon'tknow6________you'venoticed7________somestude
Nowadayswecanlearnagreatdealof_____abouttheworldth
information
books
people
countries
Nowadayswecan’tseedinosaursbecausethey________long
gave out
ran out
went out
died out
Nowadayswestudentsaresobusythatwedon’thavemuchtime
wherever
whenever
even if
as if
Longtimeagotheancientpeoplecouldnottraveltoanyfara
it can bring us more knowledge
it can make us rich
they have too much money
it is a good idea
五.同义句转换51.ItissaidthatthenewChinesepandacoinismade
Nowadayswecanpurchasethingson-line.
read
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短文填词共10小题每小题1分满分10分Nowadaystakingonapart-timejobis
Wecaninferfromthepassagetherewerenotsomanyindepend
after mid-1980s
before mid-1980s.
at the modern age
in nowadays
Nowadaysmobilepaymentisbecomingmoreandmorepopularw
Nowadaysmobilephonesaremoreandmorepopularinoursoci
Nowadayswecangoanywhereeasyanditmakeslifebetteran
---Boththeyoungandtheoldaregettingcrazy_______WeCh
about; on
of; for
in; on
about; with
NowadayswecantakeadirectflytoTaiwan.
Nowadaysmanypeopledriveinsteadoftakingabusorwalki
Nowadaysweareinavery______businessenvironment.comp
以我们只有一个家—地球为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文标点符号不占格※Whatarethethreat
Nowadayswecanpurchasethingson-line.
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MostAdultsinU.S.HaveLowRiskofHeartDisease Morethan80percentofUSadultshavealessthan10percentriskofdevelopingheartdiseaseinthenext10yearsaccordingtoareportintheJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiology.Just3percenthaveariskthatexceeds20percent. IhopethatthesenumberswillgivephysiciansresearchershealthpolicyanalystsandothersabetterideaofhowcoronaryheartdiseaseisdistributedintheUSpopulationleadauthorDr.EarlS.FordfromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventioninAtlantasaidinastatement. Thefindingsarebasedonanalysisofdatafrom13769subjectsbetween20and79yearsofagewhoparticipatedintheThirdNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurveyfrom1988to1994. Overall82percentofadultshadariskoflessthan10percent15percenthadariskthatfellbetween10to20percentand3percenthadariskabove20percent. Theproportionofsubjectsinthehighestriskgroupincreasedwithadvancingageandmenweremorelikelythanwomentobeinthisgroup.Bycontrastraceorethnicityhadlittleeffectonriskdistributions. Althoughthereportsuggeststhatmostadultshavealow10-yearriskofheartdiseasealargeproportionhaveahighorimmediateriskDr.DanielS.BermanfromCedars-SinaiMedicalCenterinLosAngelesandDr.NathanD.WongfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvinenoteinarelatededitorial. Aggressivetreatmentmeasuresandpublichealthstrategiesareneededtoshifttheoverallpopulationriskdownwardtheyadd. TheUSgovernmentwilltakemeasurestoreducetheoverallpopulationrisk.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文章中没有提及请选择C ??Experimentshavebeencarriedouton volunteerstoseewhathappenswhenallsensationsarestopped.Thiscanbedone inseveralways.Onemethodistoputamaninsideacompletelyisolatedroom. Thisroomisheavilysound-proofedandabsolutelydark.Thereisnolightor soundandthepersonisinstructedjusttoliemotionlessinabed.Peoplehave stayedinroomssuchasthisforaslongasfourdays.Theresultsofsensory deprivationSDvarywiththeindividual.??Soonafterentering theconfinementcellmostsubjectswenttosleepandsleptalmostwithout interruptionfortentotwenty-fourhours.Thesearegrossestimatesforthere wasnothingbywhichthesubjectscoulddeterminethetimewhichhadelapsed.We knowforcertainthatonesubjectsleptfornineteenhoursbutinsistedthathe hadhadanapoflessthanonehour.Accordingtothemonitoringmicrophone whichwascapableofpickingupthedeepbreathingofsleepitseemsmore likelythatmostsubjectssleptallofthefirsttwenty-fourhours.? ?Wefeltthatsomuchsleepinginthefirstdaywastedtheeffectsof confinementsowestartedplacingsubjectsinSDearlyinthemorning.We reasonedthatafteranight’ssleepourconfinedsubjectwouldbeunableto dissipate驱散theeffectsofSDbysleeping.Suchwasnotthecase.Asfaraswe coulddeterminetheywenttosleepjustasquicklyandsleptjustaslongasthe previoussubjects.Wethenstartedenteringthesubjectsatmidmorningmidday andmidafternoon.Asitturnedoutitmadenodifferencewhenduringtheday andpresumablyduringthenightwestartedtheconfinement;theinitialsleep periodwasalwaysaboutthesame.??Wehadnotexpectedthis extendedperiodofinitialsleep.Infactithadseemedreasonabletoexpect somethingoftheopposite.SDwasaverynovelsituationforoursubjectsand assuchwereasoneditshouldhaveoccupiedthemforsometime.Ihada similarexpectationforastronautsduringspaceflightandwasgreatlysurprised tolearnthattheRussianastronautYuriGagarinhadbeenabletosleepduring hisspaceflightaroundtheearth.??Othereffectswerealso noted.Withnorealsensationstoworkonthebrainmakesupallsortsoffalse information.Manypeopleexperiencevividdreamsandhallucinations幻觉.When theyarefinallytakenoutoftheroomintotherealchangingworldoflightand soundtheyareinaverystrangestateofmindreadytobelieveanythingand notreallyabletomakedecisions.Thispassageismainlyaboutwhatwillhappenifsensationswerelost.
Formanyyearsthepoorwomanwas{{U}}avirtualprisoner{{/U}}inherownhome.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文章中没有提及请选择C ??Experimentshavebeencarriedouton volunteerstoseewhathappenswhenallsensationsarestopped.Thiscanbedone inseveralways.Onemethodistoputamaninsideacompletelyisolatedroom. Thisroomisheavilysound-proofedandabsolutelydark.Thereisnolightor soundandthepersonisinstructedjusttoliemotionlessinabed.Peoplehave stayedinroomssuchasthisforaslongasfourdays.Theresultsofsensory deprivationSDvarywiththeindividual.??Soonafterentering theconfinementcellmostsubjectswenttosleepandsleptalmostwithout interruptionfortentotwenty-fourhours.Thesearegrossestimatesforthere wasnothingbywhichthesubjectscoulddeterminethetimewhichhadelapsed.We knowforcertainthatonesubjectsleptfornineteenhoursbutinsistedthathe hadhadanapoflessthanonehour.Accordingtothemonitoringmicrophone whichwascapableofpickingupthedeepbreathingofsleepitseemsmore likelythatmostsubjectssleptallofthefirsttwenty-fourhours.? ?Wefeltthatsomuchsleepinginthefirstdaywastedtheeffectsof confinementsowestartedplacingsubjectsinSDearlyinthemorning.We reasonedthatafteranight’ssleepourconfinedsubjectwouldbeunableto dissipate驱散theeffectsofSDbysleeping.Suchwasnotthecase.Asfaraswe coulddeterminetheywenttosleepjustasquicklyandsleptjustaslongasthe previoussubjects.Wethenstartedenteringthesubjectsatmidmorningmidday andmidafternoon.Asitturnedoutitmadenodifferencewhenduringtheday andpresumablyduringthenightwestartedtheconfinement;theinitialsleep periodwasalwaysaboutthesame.??Wehadnotexpectedthis extendedperiodofinitialsleep.Infactithadseemedreasonabletoexpect somethingoftheopposite.SDwasaverynovelsituationforoursubjectsand assuchwereasoneditshouldhaveoccupiedthemforsometime.Ihada similarexpectationforastronautsduringspaceflightandwasgreatlysurprised tolearnthattheRussianastronautYuriGagarinhadbeenabletosleepduring hisspaceflightaroundtheearth.??Othereffectswerealso noted.Withnorealsensationstoworkonthebrainmakesupallsortsoffalse information.Manypeopleexperiencevividdreamsandhallucinations幻觉.When theyarefinallytakenoutoftheroomintotherealchangingworldoflightand soundtheyareinaverystrangestateofmindreadytobelieveanythingand notreallyabletomakedecisions.Aperiodofsensorydeprivationwouldmakeamonkeyhardtocontrol.
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HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文章中没有提及请选择C ??Experimentshavebeencarriedouton volunteerstoseewhathappenswhenallsensationsarestopped.Thiscanbedone inseveralways.Onemethodistoputamaninsideacompletelyisolatedroom. Thisroomisheavilysound-proofedandabsolutelydark.Thereisnolightor soundandthepersonisinstructedjusttoliemotionlessinabed.Peoplehave stayedinroomssuchasthisforaslongasfourdays.Theresultsofsensory deprivationSDvarywiththeindividual.??Soonafterentering theconfinementcellmostsubjectswenttosleepandsleptalmostwithout interruptionfortentotwenty-fourhours.Thesearegrossestimatesforthere wasnothingbywhichthesubjectscoulddeterminethetimewhichhadelapsed.We knowforcertainthatonesubjectsleptfornineteenhoursbutinsistedthathe hadhadanapoflessthanonehour.Accordingtothemonitoringmicrophone whichwascapableofpickingupthedeepbreathingofsleepitseemsmore likelythatmostsubjectssleptallofthefirsttwenty-fourhours.? ?Wefeltthatsomuchsleepinginthefirstdaywastedtheeffectsof confinementsowestartedplacingsubjectsinSDearlyinthemorning.We reasonedthatafteranight’ssleepourconfinedsubjectwouldbeunableto dissipate驱散theeffectsofSDbysleeping.Suchwasnotthecase.Asfaraswe coulddeterminetheywenttosleepjustasquicklyandsleptjustaslongasthe previoussubjects.Wethenstartedenteringthesubjectsatmidmorningmidday andmidafternoon.Asitturnedoutitmadenodifferencewhenduringtheday andpresumablyduringthenightwestartedtheconfinement;theinitialsleep periodwasalwaysaboutthesame.??Wehadnotexpectedthis extendedperiodofinitialsleep.Infactithadseemedreasonabletoexpect somethingoftheopposite.SDwasaverynovelsituationforoursubjectsand assuchwereasoneditshouldhaveoccupiedthemforsometime.Ihada similarexpectationforastronautsduringspaceflightandwasgreatlysurprised tolearnthattheRussianastronautYuriGagarinhadbeenabletosleepduring hisspaceflightaroundtheearth.??Othereffectswerealso noted.Withnorealsensationstoworkonthebrainmakesupallsortsoffalse information.Manypeopleexperiencevividdreamsandhallucinations幻觉.When theyarefinallytakenoutoftheroomintotherealchangingworldoflightand soundtheyareinaverystrangestateofmindreadytobelieveanythingand notreallyabletomakedecisions.Manypeoplearesubjecttofantasywhileinthesensorydeprivationcell.
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Euthanasia:aHeatedlyDebatedTopic Wemustn’’tdelayanylonger...?swallowing吞咽isdifficult...andbreathingthat’’salsodifficult.Thosemusclesareweakeningtoo...wemustn’’tdelayanylonger. ThesewerethewordsofDutchman荷兰人CeesvanwendeldeJoodeaskinghisdoctortohelphimdie.AffectedwithaseriousdiseasevanVendelwasnolongerabletospeakclearlyandheknewtherewasnohopeofrecoveryandthathisconditionwasrapidlydeteriorating. VanVenderslastthreemonthsoflifebeforebeinggivenafinallethalinjectionbyhisdoctorwerefilmedandfirstshownontelevisionlastyearintheNetherlands.Theprogrammehassincebeenboughtby20countriesandeachtimeitisshownitstartsanationwidedebateonthesubject. TheNetherlandsistheonlycountryinEuropewhichpermitseuthanasia安乐死althoughitisnottechnicallylegalthere.HoweverdoctorswhocarryouteuthanasiaunderstrictguidelinesintroducedbytheDutchParliament议会twoyearsagoareusuallynotprosecuted.Theguidelinesdemandthatthepatientisexperiencingextremesufferingthatthereisnochanceofacureandthatthepatienthasmaderepeatedrequestsforeuthanasia.Inadditiontothisaseconddoctormustconfirm证实thatthesecriteriahavebeenmetandthedeathmustbereportedtothepolicedepartment. Shoulddoctorsbeallowedtotaketheliveofothers?Dr.WilfredVanOijenCeesvanVendel’’sdoctorexplainshowhelooksatthequestion: Wellit’’snotasifIinplanningtomurderacrowdofpeoplewithamachinegun.InthatcasekillingistheworstthingIcanimagine.Butthat’’sentirelydifferentfrommyworkasadoctor.IcareforpeopleandItrytoensurethattheydon’tsuffertoomuch.That’’sverydifferentthing. Manypeoplethougharetotallyagainstthepracticeofeuthanasia.Dr.AndrewFergusonChairmanoftheorganizationHealthcareopposedtoEuthanasiasaysthatinthevastmajorityofeuthanasiacaseswhatthepatientisactuallyaskingforissomethingelse.Theymaywantahealthprofessionaltoopenupcommunicationforthemwiththeirlovedonesorfamily—there’’snearlyalwaysanotherquestionbehindthequestion. Britainalsohasastrongtraditionofhospices—specialhospitalswhichcareonlyforthedyingandtheirspecialneeds.CicelySaundersPresidentoftheNationalHospiceCouncilandafoundermemberofthehospicemovementarguesthateuthanasiadoesn’’ttakeintoaccountthattherearewaysofcaringforthedying.Sheisalsoconcernedthatallowingeuthanasiawouldunderminetheneedforcareandconsiderationofawiderangeofpeople;It’’sveryeasyinsocietynowfortheelderlythedisabled伤残的andthedependenttofeelthattheyareburdensandthereforethattheyoughttoopt脱离out.Ithinkthatanythingthatlegallyallowstheshorteningoflifedoesmakethosepeoplemorevulnerable脆弱的. Manyfindthisprohibitionofanindividual’’srighttothepaternalistic家长式的.Althoughtheyagreethatlifeisimportantandshouldberespectedtheyfeelthatthequalityoflifeshouldnotbeignored.Dr.VanOijenbelievesthatpeoplehavethefundamentalrighttochooseforthemselvesiftheywanttodie:Whatthosepeoplewhoopposeeuthanasiaaretellingmeisthatdyingpeoplehaven’ttheright.Andthatwhenpeopleareveryillweareallafraidoftheirdeath.Buttherearesituationswheredeathisafriend.Andinthosecaseswhynot? Butwhynot?isaquestionwhichmightcausestrongemotion.ThefilmshowingCeesVanVendel’’sdeathwasbothmovingandsensitive.Hisdoctorwasclearlyafamilyfriend;hiswifehadonlyherhusband’’sinterestsatheart.Somehoweverwouldarguethatitwouldbedangeroustousethisparticularexampletosupportthecaseforeuthanasia.Notallpatientswouldreceivesuchahighlevelofindividualcareandattention. AccordingtotheguidelinesintroducedbytheDutchParliamentwhen______enthanasiacanbecarriedout.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ??Whileapersonalcomputershouldcontinuetoperform predictablyforyearsveteranWindowsusersknowalltoowellthatsystem instabilityisafactoflife.Yetyoucanminimizetheglitchesthatyou experiencewithyourcomputerbyheedingthetipsbelow.2.??If yourunWindows98orWindowsMillenniumyourcomputershouldhaveatleast128 megabytesMBofRAM--andmoreifyoufindthatyourharddriveischurninga lotasyouworkwithyourapplications.Youcanalsogetbywith128MBofRAM ifyouuseWindowsNTorWindows2000buttheseoperatingsystemswillrunmuch moresmoothlyifyouhave256MBofRAMormore.3.??Beta softwarebyitsverynatureispre-releasesoftware—meaningthatitstillhas significantknownbugsordefects.Thesamegoesunfortunatelyformany sharewareprograms.?Theauthorsofsharewareprogramstypicallyhave muchlesstimeandfewerresourcesavailablefortestingtheirprograms. Consequentlyit’sfarmorecommontofindsharewaresoftwarethatis buggy.4.??No-namehardwaresmaybecheaperandsometimesjust asgoodasname-brandproductsbutname-brandproductsusuallybecame well-knownbecauseoftheirreliability.It’salsowisetobuyproductsfrom reputablecompaniesbecauseWindowswillmoreoftensupportthehardwarethat youpurchase.Ifyouarestartingoutwithcomputersit’salsoagoodideato buyready-madesystemsfrommajormanufacturers.Thesearelikelytohavetested thoroughlywithyouroperatingsystemandyouwillgenerallyexperiencefewer problems.5.??Nomatterhowwellyoursystemrunswhenyouget itthedaywillcomewhenitwillneedtobereplaced.Hopefullyyouwill replaceitbecausethetechnologyhasbecomeoutdatedbutyoumayneedto replaceitalsobecausetheharddrivecrashesoryoubeginexperiencing problemsthatnoonecanfigureout.That’swhyit’simportanttobackupyour importantfilesregularly.WhetheryouuseatapebackupdeviceoraCD-RW driveit’simportanttomapoutaregularbackupscheduleandtostickto it.Paragraph5______
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
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HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
Machinesaredesignedtohelprestoreour{{U}}intrinsic{{/U}}systemofchecksandbalancesofourbiology.
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
TheGeneIndustry Majorcompaniesarealreadyinpursuitofcommercialapplicationsofthenewbiology.Theydreamofplacingenzymesintheautomobiletomonitorexhaustandsenddataonpollutiontoamicroprocessorthatwillthenadjusttheengine.TheyspeakofwhattheNewYorkTimescallsmetal—hungrymicrobesthatmightbeusedtominevaluabletracemetalsfromoceanwater.Theyhavealreadydemandedandwontherighttopatentnewlifeforms. Nervouscriticsincludingmanyscientistsworrythatthereiscorporatenationalinternationalandinter-scientificrivalryintheentirebiotechnologicalfield.Theycreateimagesnotofoilspillsbutofmicrobespillsthatcouldspreaddiseaseanddestroyentirepopulations.Thecreationandaccidentalreleaseofextremelypoisonousmicrobeshoweverisonlyonecauseforalarm.Completelyrationalandrespectablescientistsaretalkingaboutpossibilitiesthatstaggertheimagination. Shouldwebreedpeoplewithcow-likestomachssotheycandigestgrassandhaytherebyrelievingthefoodproblembymodifyingustoeatlowerdownonthefoodchain?Shouldwebiologicallyalterworkerstofitthejobrequirementforexamplecreatingpilotswithfasterreactiontimesorassembly-lineworkersdesignedtodoourmonotonousworkforus?Shouldweattempttoeliminateinferiorpeopleandbreedasuper-race?Hitlertriedthisbutwithoutthegeneticweaponrythatmaysoonissuefromourlaboratories.Shouldweproducesoldierstodoourfighting?Shouldweusegeneticforecastingtopre-eliminateunfitbabies?Shouldwegrowreserveorgansforourselveseachofushavingasitwereasavingsbankfullofsparekidneyliversorhands? Wildasthesenotionsmaysoundeveryonehasitsadvocatesandopposersinthescientificcommunityaswellasitsstrikingcommercialapplication.AstwocriticsofgeneticengineeringJeremyRifkinandTedHowardstateintheirbookWhoShouldPlayGod?BroadScalegeneticengineeringwillprobablybeintroducedtoAmericamuchthesamewayasassemblylinesautomobilesvaccinescomputersandalltheothertechnologies.Aseachnewgeneticadvancebecomescommerciallypracticalanewconsumerneedwillbeexploitedandamarketforthenewtechnologywillbecreated. AccordingtothepassageHitlerattemptedto______.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文章中没有提及请选择C ??Experimentshavebeencarriedouton volunteerstoseewhathappenswhenallsensationsarestopped.Thiscanbedone inseveralways.Onemethodistoputamaninsideacompletelyisolatedroom. Thisroomisheavilysound-proofedandabsolutelydark.Thereisnolightor soundandthepersonisinstructedjusttoliemotionlessinabed.Peoplehave stayedinroomssuchasthisforaslongasfourdays.Theresultsofsensory deprivationSDvarywiththeindividual.??Soonafterentering theconfinementcellmostsubjectswenttosleepandsleptalmostwithout interruptionfortentotwenty-fourhours.Thesearegrossestimatesforthere wasnothingbywhichthesubjectscoulddeterminethetimewhichhadelapsed.We knowforcertainthatonesubjectsleptfornineteenhoursbutinsistedthathe hadhadanapoflessthanonehour.Accordingtothemonitoringmicrophone whichwascapableofpickingupthedeepbreathingofsleepitseemsmore likelythatmostsubjectssleptallofthefirsttwenty-fourhours.? ?Wefeltthatsomuchsleepinginthefirstdaywastedtheeffectsof confinementsowestartedplacingsubjectsinSDearlyinthemorning.We reasonedthatafteranight’ssleepourconfinedsubjectwouldbeunableto dissipate驱散theeffectsofSDbysleeping.Suchwasnotthecase.Asfaraswe coulddeterminetheywenttosleepjustasquicklyandsleptjustaslongasthe previoussubjects.Wethenstartedenteringthesubjectsatmidmorningmidday andmidafternoon.Asitturnedoutitmadenodifferencewhenduringtheday andpresumablyduringthenightwestartedtheconfinement;theinitialsleep periodwasalwaysaboutthesame.??Wehadnotexpectedthis extendedperiodofinitialsleep.Infactithadseemedreasonabletoexpect somethingoftheopposite.SDwasaverynovelsituationforoursubjectsand assuchwereasoneditshouldhaveoccupiedthemforsometime.Ihada similarexpectationforastronautsduringspaceflightandwasgreatlysurprised tolearnthattheRussianastronautYuriGagarinhadbeenabletosleepduring hisspaceflightaroundtheearth.??Othereffectswerealso noted.Withnorealsensationstoworkonthebrainmakesupallsortsoffalse information.Manypeopleexperiencevividdreamsandhallucinations幻觉.When theyarefinallytakenoutoftheroomintotherealchangingworldoflightand soundtheyareinaverystrangestateofmindreadytobelieveanythingand notreallyabletomakedecisions.Allthepeoplereactinthesamewaytosensorydeprivation.
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
CommunicationProblems After20yearsofresearchmycolleaguesandIhavediscoveredthatallcommunicationinvolvesourbodiessometimesprofoundly.Whilewespeakwithwordswealsospeakwitheveryfiberofourbeing.Thislanguageoftheheartisintegraltothehealthandemotionallifeofallofus. Wefoundthatevenapleasantchatabouttheweathercanaffectthecardiovascular心血管性的systemparticularlybloodpressure.Thetraditionalwayoftakingbloodpressure—withastethoscope听诊器—meantthatthepatienthadtokeepsilentandthissilencepreventedcliniciansfromdiscoveringthelinkbetweencommunicationandbloodpressure. Thebreakthroughinourstudiesoccurredin1977whenwemetEdatypicalhypertensivepatientwhocametotheUniversityofMaryland’’sPsychophysiologyCenterfortreatment.WehookedupEdtoanewcom?puterthatcouldcontinuouslymonitorbloodpressure.Wefoundthathispressureimmediatelyincreasedeverytimehespokeevenifhewasdiscussingthemostneutraltopic.WhatwasmoresurprisingwasthatEdwasunawareofthesechanges. Thisfindingsointrigueduswebegantestingothers.Theresultswerethesame.Bloodpressureandheartrateroserapidlywheneverpeopletalked.Weaskedstudentstoreadaloudfromabland乏味的text.Theirbloodpressureandheartrateroserapidlyeverytime.Wetested38deaf-mutevolunteers.Whenthesepeoplesignedtheirbloodpressurealsoincreased.Thisconfirmedoursuspicionthatitwastheactofcommunicationnotjusttalkingthatledtothesechanges. Mostnormaltalkisaseesaw一上一下的动作.Therisingofbloodpressurewhenonetalksisbalancedbyarapidloweringofpressurewhenonelistens.Buttherhythmisoutofsynclinalhypertensives.Theyfluentlyfailtolisten;theyareonguarddefensive.Sotheirpressurestaysup. ThebenefitsoflisteningareseenintheorientingreflexdiscoveredbyPavlov.Whenadoghearsasoundorseesmovementitwillstopallactivityandcockitshead.AnotherRussianscientistE.N.Soklornoticedthatthedog’’sheartrateslows. Asimilarresponseoccursinpeopletoo—anditlowersbloodactivities:readingoutloudstaringatablankwallandwatchingfishinatank.Bloodpressurewashingtestwhenthepeoplespoke.Butitwaslowestwhentheywatchedthefishratherthanwhentheysimplysatandrelaxed.Whetherwatchingfishorlisteningtoanotherpersonattendingcalmlytotheworldoutsideyourselfhelpslowerbloodpressure.WhenIgothypertensivestolistenundefensivelytheirbloodpressureoftenfelldramatically. Whydosomepeoplefindtalkingsostressfulandlisteningsodifficult?Itestedsomehealthynewborns.Whentheycriedtheirbloodpressureoftendoubled.Webeganthinkingaboutpressuresurgesinhypertensivesassimilartothechangeswhenababycries.Thoughcalmonthesurfacewhiletalkingtheirbodiesarescreamingtobeheard.Forthesepeoplecommunicationbecomesadesperatebuthiddenstruggle.Insidetheiradultbodiesisababycryingterrifiedbecausenoonecanhearit. Sohowcanweenjoyconversationyetkeepbloodpressuredown?Bylisteningmorebybreathingregularlywhiletalkingbyalternatingbetweentalkingandpayingattentiontowhattheotherpersonissaying.Butwhatcanhypertensivesdo?Treatmentsthatteachthemtofocusontheirrelationshipandhowtocommunicateinarelaxedwaycanbeastarttowardhealth. Wecanunderstandandcopewithillnessonlywhenweviewourselvesaspartofacomplexworldbeyondtheconfinesofourownindividualskin.Theresponseofourheartsbloodvesselsandmuscleswhenwecommunicatewithspousechildrenfriendsandcolleaguesisasvitaltoourcardiovascularhealthasisexerciseordiet. Fromthearticlewecanseethatthewordlisteninginthetitlewhylisteningisgoodforyouemphasizes______.
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
TheGeneIndustry Majorcompaniesarealreadyinpursuitofcommercialapplicationsofthenewbiology.Theydreamofplacingenzymesintheautomobiletomonitorexhaustandsenddataonpollutiontoamicroprocessorthatwillthenadjusttheengine.TheyspeakofwhattheNewYorkTimescallsmetal—hungrymicrobesthatmightbeusedtominevaluabletracemetalsfromoceanwater.Theyhavealreadydemandedandwontherighttopatentnewlifeforms. Nervouscriticsincludingmanyscientistsworrythatthereiscorporatenationalinternationalandinter-scientificrivalryintheentirebiotechnologicalfield.Theycreateimagesnotofoilspillsbutofmicrobespillsthatcouldspreaddiseaseanddestroyentirepopulations.Thecreationandaccidentalreleaseofextremelypoisonousmicrobeshoweverisonlyonecauseforalarm.Completelyrationalandrespectablescientistsaretalkingaboutpossibilitiesthatstaggertheimagination. Shouldwebreedpeoplewithcow-likestomachssotheycandigestgrassandhaytherebyrelievingthefoodproblembymodifyingustoeatlowerdownonthefoodchain?Shouldwebiologicallyalterworkerstofitthejobrequirementforexamplecreatingpilotswithfasterreactiontimesorassembly-lineworkersdesignedtodoourmonotonousworkforus?Shouldweattempttoeliminateinferiorpeopleandbreedasuper-race?Hitlertriedthisbutwithoutthegeneticweaponrythatmaysoonissuefromourlaboratories.Shouldweproducesoldierstodoourfighting?Shouldweusegeneticforecastingtopre-eliminateunfitbabies?Shouldwegrowreserveorgansforourselveseachofushavingasitwereasavingsbankfullofsparekidneyliversorhands? Wildasthesenotionsmaysoundeveryonehasitsadvocatesandopposersinthescientificcommunityaswellasitsstrikingcommercialapplication.AstwocriticsofgeneticengineeringJeremyRifkinandTedHowardstateintheirbookWhoShouldPlayGod?BroadScalegeneticengineeringwillprobablybeintroducedtoAmericamuchthesamewayasassemblylinesautomobilesvaccinescomputersandalltheothertechnologies.Aseachnewgeneticadvancebecomescommerciallypracticalanewconsumerneedwillbeexploitedandamarketforthenewtechnologywillbecreated. Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingwouldworrythecriticsthemost?
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ??Whileapersonalcomputershouldcontinuetoperform predictablyforyearsveteranWindowsusersknowalltoowellthatsystem instabilityisafactoflife.Yetyoucanminimizetheglitchesthatyou experiencewithyourcomputerbyheedingthetipsbelow.2.??If yourunWindows98orWindowsMillenniumyourcomputershouldhaveatleast128 megabytesMBofRAM--andmoreifyoufindthatyourharddriveischurninga lotasyouworkwithyourapplications.Youcanalsogetbywith128MBofRAM ifyouuseWindowsNTorWindows2000buttheseoperatingsystemswillrunmuch moresmoothlyifyouhave256MBofRAMormore.3.??Beta softwarebyitsverynatureispre-releasesoftware—meaningthatitstillhas significantknownbugsordefects.Thesamegoesunfortunatelyformany sharewareprograms.?Theauthorsofsharewareprogramstypicallyhave muchlesstimeandfewerresourcesavailablefortestingtheirprograms. Consequentlyit’sfarmorecommontofindsharewaresoftwarethatis buggy.4.??No-namehardwaresmaybecheaperandsometimesjust asgoodasname-brandproductsbutname-brandproductsusuallybecame well-knownbecauseoftheirreliability.It’salsowisetobuyproductsfrom reputablecompaniesbecauseWindowswillmoreoftensupportthehardwarethat youpurchase.Ifyouarestartingoutwithcomputersit’salsoagoodideato buyready-madesystemsfrommajormanufacturers.Thesearelikelytohavetested thoroughlywithyouroperatingsystemandyouwillgenerallyexperiencefewer problems.5.??Nomatterhowwellyoursystemrunswhenyouget itthedaywillcomewhenitwillneedtobereplaced.Hopefullyyouwill replaceitbecausethetechnologyhasbecomeoutdatedbutyoumayneedto replaceitalsobecausetheharddrivecrashesoryoubeginexperiencing problemsthatnoonecanfigureout.That’swhyit’simportanttobackupyour importantfilesregularly.WhetheryouuseatapebackupdeviceoraCD-RW driveit’simportanttomapoutaregularbackupscheduleandtostickto it.Paragraph3______
CommunicationProblems After20yearsofresearchmycolleaguesandIhavediscoveredthatallcommunicationinvolvesourbodiessometimesprofoundly.Whilewespeakwithwordswealsospeakwitheveryfiberofourbeing.Thislanguageoftheheartisintegraltothehealthandemotionallifeofallofus. Wefoundthatevenapleasantchatabouttheweathercanaffectthecardiovascular心血管性的systemparticularlybloodpressure.Thetraditionalwayoftakingbloodpressure—withastethoscope听诊器—meantthatthepatienthadtokeepsilentandthissilencepreventedcliniciansfromdiscoveringthelinkbetweencommunicationandbloodpressure. Thebreakthroughinourstudiesoccurredin1977whenwemetEdatypicalhypertensivepatientwhocametotheUniversityofMaryland’’sPsychophysiologyCenterfortreatment.WehookedupEdtoanewcom?puterthatcouldcontinuouslymonitorbloodpressure.Wefoundthathispressureimmediatelyincreasedeverytimehespokeevenifhewasdiscussingthemostneutraltopic.WhatwasmoresurprisingwasthatEdwasunawareofthesechanges. Thisfindingsointrigueduswebegantestingothers.Theresultswerethesame.Bloodpressureandheartrateroserapidlywheneverpeopletalked.Weaskedstudentstoreadaloudfromabland乏味的text.Theirbloodpressureandheartrateroserapidlyeverytime.Wetested38deaf-mutevolunteers.Whenthesepeoplesignedtheirbloodpressurealsoincreased.Thisconfirmedoursuspicionthatitwastheactofcommunicationnotjusttalkingthatledtothesechanges. Mostnormaltalkisaseesaw一上一下的动作.Therisingofbloodpressurewhenonetalksisbalancedbyarapidloweringofpressurewhenonelistens.Buttherhythmisoutofsynclinalhypertensives.Theyfluentlyfailtolisten;theyareonguarddefensive.Sotheirpressurestaysup. ThebenefitsoflisteningareseenintheorientingreflexdiscoveredbyPavlov.Whenadoghearsasoundorseesmovementitwillstopallactivityandcockitshead.AnotherRussianscientistE.N.Soklornoticedthatthedog’’sheartrateslows. Asimilarresponseoccursinpeopletoo—anditlowersbloodactivities:readingoutloudstaringatablankwallandwatchingfishinatank.Bloodpressurewashingtestwhenthepeoplespoke.Butitwaslowestwhentheywatchedthefishratherthanwhentheysimplysatandrelaxed.Whetherwatchingfishorlisteningtoanotherpersonattendingcalmlytotheworldoutsideyourselfhelpslowerbloodpressure.WhenIgothypertensivestolistenundefensivelytheirbloodpressureoftenfelldramatically. Whydosomepeoplefindtalkingsostressfulandlisteningsodifficult?Itestedsomehealthynewborns.Whentheycriedtheirbloodpressureoftendoubled.Webeganthinkingaboutpressuresurgesinhypertensivesassimilartothechangeswhenababycries.Thoughcalmonthesurfacewhiletalkingtheirbodiesarescreamingtobeheard.Forthesepeoplecommunicationbecomesadesperatebuthiddenstruggle.Insidetheiradultbodiesisababycryingterrifiedbecausenoonecanhearit. Sohowcanweenjoyconversationyetkeepbloodpressuredown?Bylisteningmorebybreathingregularlywhiletalkingbyalternatingbetweentalkingandpayingattentiontowhattheotherpersonissaying.Butwhatcanhypertensivesdo?Treatmentsthatteachthemtofocusontheirrelationshipandhowtocommunicateinarelaxedwaycanbeastarttowardhealth. Wecanunderstandandcopewithillnessonlywhenweviewourselvesaspartofacomplexworldbeyondtheconfinesofourownindividualskin.Theresponseofourheartsbloodvesselsandmuscleswhenwecommunicatewithspousechildrenfriendsandcolleaguesisasvitaltoourcardiovascularhealthasisexerciseordiet. Thereasonwhytheauthorandhiscolleaguesgotthebreakthroughintheirstudiesin1977wasthat______.
CommunicationProblems After20yearsofresearchmycolleaguesandIhavediscoveredthatallcommunicationinvolvesourbodiessometimesprofoundly.Whilewespeakwithwordswealsospeakwitheveryfiberofourbeing.Thislanguageoftheheartisintegraltothehealthandemotionallifeofallofus. Wefoundthatevenapleasantchatabouttheweathercanaffectthecardiovascular心血管性的systemparticularlybloodpressure.Thetraditionalwayoftakingbloodpressure—withastethoscope听诊器—meantthatthepatienthadtokeepsilentandthissilencepreventedcliniciansfromdiscoveringthelinkbetweencommunicationandbloodpressure. Thebreakthroughinourstudiesoccurredin1977whenwemetEdatypicalhypertensivepatientwhocametotheUniversityofMaryland’’sPsychophysiologyCenterfortreatment.WehookedupEdtoanewcom?puterthatcouldcontinuouslymonitorbloodpressure.Wefoundthathispressureimmediatelyincreasedeverytimehespokeevenifhewasdiscussingthemostneutraltopic.WhatwasmoresurprisingwasthatEdwasunawareofthesechanges. Thisfindingsointrigueduswebegantestingothers.Theresultswerethesame.Bloodpressureandheartrateroserapidlywheneverpeopletalked.Weaskedstudentstoreadaloudfromabland乏味的text.Theirbloodpressureandheartrateroserapidlyeverytime.Wetested38deaf-mutevolunteers.Whenthesepeoplesignedtheirbloodpressurealsoincreased.Thisconfirmedoursuspicionthatitwastheactofcommunicationnotjusttalkingthatledtothesechanges. Mostnormaltalkisaseesaw一上一下的动作.Therisingofbloodpressurewhenonetalksisbalancedbyarapidloweringofpressurewhenonelistens.Buttherhythmisoutofsynclinalhypertensives.Theyfluentlyfailtolisten;theyareonguarddefensive.Sotheirpressurestaysup. ThebenefitsoflisteningareseenintheorientingreflexdiscoveredbyPavlov.Whenadoghearsasoundorseesmovementitwillstopallactivityandcockitshead.AnotherRussianscientistE.N.Soklornoticedthatthedog’’sheartrateslows. Asimilarresponseoccursinpeopletoo—anditlowersbloodactivities:readingoutloudstaringatablankwallandwatchingfishinatank.Bloodpressurewashingtestwhenthepeoplespoke.Butitwaslowestwhentheywatchedthefishratherthanwhentheysimplysatandrelaxed.Whetherwatchingfishorlisteningtoanotherpersonattendingcalmlytotheworldoutsideyourselfhelpslowerbloodpressure.WhenIgothypertensivestolistenundefensivelytheirbloodpressureoftenfelldramatically. Whydosomepeoplefindtalkingsostressfulandlisteningsodifficult?Itestedsomehealthynewborns.Whentheycriedtheirbloodpressureoftendoubled.Webeganthinkingaboutpressuresurgesinhypertensivesassimilartothechangeswhenababycries.Thoughcalmonthesurfacewhiletalkingtheirbodiesarescreamingtobeheard.Forthesepeoplecommunicationbecomesadesperatebuthiddenstruggle.Insidetheiradultbodiesisababycryingterrifiedbecausenoonecanhearit. Sohowcanweenjoyconversationyetkeepbloodpressuredown?Bylisteningmorebybreathingregularlywhiletalkingbyalternatingbetweentalkingandpayingattentiontowhattheotherpersonissaying.Butwhatcanhypertensivesdo?Treatmentsthatteachthemtofocusontheirrelationshipandhowtocommunicateinarelaxedwaycanbeastarttowardhealth. Wecanunderstandandcopewithillnessonlywhenweviewourselvesaspartofacomplexworldbeyondtheconfinesofourownindividualskin.Theresponseofourheartsbloodvesselsandmuscleswhenwecommunicatewithspousechildrenfriendsandcolleaguesisasvitaltoourcardiovascularhealthasisexerciseordiet. Inordertoreduceblood-pressurechangesincommunicationsthehypertensivepatients______.
HeartAttack IntheUnitedStatesandespeciallyinbigcitiesandruralareastensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegood【51】tokeepthemalivedieeachyearforlackofadequatefirstaid.InNewYorkCityforexampleanewstudyhasshownthatonlyonepersonin100outsideofhospitals【52】aftertheheartsuddenlystopspumping.IncontrastinSeattlethesurvival【53】aftersuchheartattacksisoneinfive. Thedifferencecanbetraced【54】theeffectivenessofthechainofsurvivalDr.JosephP.Ornatosaid.Eachlinkinthe【55】mustbestrongenoughformanylivestobe【56】. Thechainbeginswithanimmediatetelephone【57】foremergencyhelpandthestartwithinfourminutesoftheprocessneededforrestartingthe【58】workingbyafamilymemberorbystander旁观者. Itcontinueswiththepromptarrival-------withineight【59】tenminutesofarescuerequippedwithaspecialinstrumentthatcanshocktheheartbacktoanormalrhythm.Anditendswiththeadministration给予实施ofadvanced先进emergencycarebynursestomaintaintheheart’’sabilitytosurviveuntilthedoctorsatthehospitalscantake【60】Whenoneormorelinksinthischainfailorfunctiontooslowlythe【61】ofavictimsurvivingheartattackfallsrapidly.Becauseofwidespreadweaknessesinthechainof【62】expertsinemergencyheartcareestimatethat20000to80000people【63】needlesslyofheartattackeachyearanumbercomparabletothe55000killedannuallyinautomobile【64】. OneexpertsaysSendinganemergencyvehicletoaheartattackvictim【65】thespecialequipmentislikehavingpolicemenwithgunsbutnobullets.Theymayputonagoodshowbuttheylacktheweaponneededtogetthejobdone.
MostAdultsinU.S.HaveLowRiskofHeartDisease Morethan80percentofUSadultshavealessthan10percentriskofdevelopingheartdiseaseinthenext10yearsaccordingtoareportintheJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiology.Just3percenthaveariskthatexceeds20percent. IhopethatthesenumberswillgivephysiciansresearchershealthpolicyanalystsandothersabetterideaofhowcoronaryheartdiseaseisdistributedintheUSpopulationleadauthorDr.EarlS.FordfromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventioninAtlantasaidinastatement. Thefindingsarebasedonanalysisofdatafrom13769subjectsbetween20and79yearsofagewhoparticipatedintheThirdNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurveyfrom1988to1994. Overall82percentofadultshadariskoflessthan10percent15percenthadariskthatfellbetween10to20percentand3percenthadariskabove20percent. Theproportionofsubjectsinthehighestriskgroupincreasedwithadvancingageandmenweremorelikelythanwomentobeinthisgroup.Bycontrastraceorethnicityhadlittleeffectonriskdistributions. Althoughthereportsuggeststhatmostadultshavealow10-yearriskofheartdiseasealargeproportionhaveahighorimmediateriskDr.DanielS.BermanfromCedars-SinaiMedicalCenterinLosAngelesandDr.NathanD.WongfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvinenoteinarelatededitorial. Aggressivetreatmentmeasuresandpublichealthstrategiesareneededtoshifttheoverallpopulationriskdownwardtheyadd. Thedistributionsoftheriskofheartdiseasearecloselyrelatedtorace.
Couldyou{{U}}condense{{/U}}alltheworthwhileinformationinthisbookintoafewpages?
Euthanasia:aHeatedlyDebatedTopic Wemustn’’tdelayanylonger...?swallowing吞咽isdifficult...andbreathingthat’’salsodifficult.Thosemusclesareweakeningtoo...wemustn’’tdelayanylonger. ThesewerethewordsofDutchman荷兰人CeesvanwendeldeJoodeaskinghisdoctortohelphimdie.AffectedwithaseriousdiseasevanVendelwasnolongerabletospeakclearlyandheknewtherewasnohopeofrecoveryandthathisconditionwasrapidlydeteriorating. VanVenderslastthreemonthsoflifebeforebeinggivenafinallethalinjectionbyhisdoctorwerefilmedandfirstshownontelevisionlastyearintheNetherlands.Theprogrammehassincebeenboughtby20countriesandeachtimeitisshownitstartsanationwidedebateonthesubject. TheNetherlandsistheonlycountryinEuropewhichpermitseuthanasia安乐死althoughitisnottechnicallylegalthere.HoweverdoctorswhocarryouteuthanasiaunderstrictguidelinesintroducedbytheDutchParliament议会twoyearsagoareusuallynotprosecuted.Theguidelinesdemandthatthepatientisexperiencingextremesufferingthatthereisnochanceofacureandthatthepatienthasmaderepeatedrequestsforeuthanasia.Inadditiontothisaseconddoctormustconfirm证实thatthesecriteriahavebeenmetandthedeathmustbereportedtothepolicedepartment. Shoulddoctorsbeallowedtotaketheliveofothers?Dr.WilfredVanOijenCeesvanVendel’’sdoctorexplainshowhelooksatthequestion: Wellit’’snotasifIinplanningtomurderacrowdofpeoplewithamachinegun.InthatcasekillingistheworstthingIcanimagine.Butthat’’sentirelydifferentfrommyworkasadoctor.IcareforpeopleandItrytoensurethattheydon’tsuffertoomuch.That’’sverydifferentthing. Manypeoplethougharetotallyagainstthepracticeofeuthanasia.Dr.AndrewFergusonChairmanoftheorganizationHealthcareopposedtoEuthanasiasaysthatinthevastmajorityofeuthanasiacaseswhatthepatientisactuallyaskingforissomethingelse.Theymaywantahealthprofessionaltoopenupcommunicationforthemwiththeirlovedonesorfamily—there’’snearlyalwaysanotherquestionbehindthequestion. Britainalsohasastrongtraditionofhospices—specialhospitalswhichcareonlyforthedyingandtheirspecialneeds.CicelySaundersPresidentoftheNationalHospiceCouncilandafoundermemberofthehospicemovementarguesthateuthanasiadoesn’’ttakeintoaccountthattherearewaysofcaringforthedying.Sheisalsoconcernedthatallowingeuthanasiawouldunderminetheneedforcareandconsiderationofawiderangeofpeople;It’’sveryeasyinsocietynowfortheelderlythedisabled伤残的andthedependenttofeelthattheyareburdensandthereforethattheyoughttoopt脱离out.Ithinkthatanythingthatlegallyallowstheshorteningoflifedoesmakethosepeoplemorevulnerable脆弱的. Manyfindthisprohibitionofanindividual’’srighttothepaternalistic家长式的.Althoughtheyagreethatlifeisimportantandshouldberespectedtheyfeelthatthequalityoflifeshouldnotbeignored.Dr.VanOijenbelievesthatpeoplehavethefundamentalrighttochooseforthemselvesiftheywanttodie:Whatthosepeoplewhoopposeeuthanasiaaretellingmeisthatdyingpeoplehaven’ttheright.Andthatwhenpeopleareveryillweareallafraidoftheirdeath.Buttherearesituationswheredeathisafriend.Andinthosecaseswhynot? Butwhynot?isaquestionwhichmightcausestrongemotion.ThefilmshowingCeesVanVendel’’sdeathwasbothmovingandsensitive.Hisdoctorwasclearlyafamilyfriend;hiswifehadonlyherhusband’’sinterestsatheart.Somehoweverwouldarguethatitwouldbedangeroustousethisparticularexampletosupportthecaseforeuthanasia.Notallpatientswouldreceivesuchahighlevelofindividualcareandattention. Theargumentsagainstthepracticeofeuthanasiaincludeallthefollowingexcept______.
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