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Write your letter with no less than 100 words on this matter. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do ...
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Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Withthespreadofinter-active electronicmediaamanaloneinhisownhomewillneverhavebeensowellplaced tofilltheinexplicablementalspacebetweencradleandcrematorium.SoI suspectthatbookswillbepushedmoreandmoreintothosemomentsoftravelor difficultdefecation1peoplestilldon’tquiteknowwhat todowith.WhenpeopledoreadIthinkthey’llwanttofeel theyarereadingliteratureor2somethingserious.3 you’regoingtofindfewerbookspresentingthemselvesasno-nonsense and4assumingliterarypretensionsandbeing packagedasworksofart.Wecanexpectanextraordinaryvarietyofgenrebut withanunderlying5ofsentimentandvision. Translatorscanonly6fromthisdesireforthe presumablysophisticated.Wecanlookforwardtolotsofdifficultnamesand fantasticstoriesofforeignpartsenthusiastically7by theoverallworshipoftheglobalvillage’.Muchofthiswillbeawfulandsome wonderful8don’texpectthepressortheorganizersof prizestoofferyoumuchhelpinmakingtheappropriatedistinctions.Theywill bechiefly9increatingcelebritythegreatest enemyofdiscriminationbutagoodpropforthe10 consumer.Everyethnicgroupingovertheworldwill havetobeseentohaveagreatwriter—aphenomenonthatwill11 anewkindofprovincialismmorechronologicalthangeographic 12onlythestrictlycontemporaryistalkedaboutand 13UniversitiesincludingCambridgewillinclude 14theirliteraturesyllabusnovelswrittenonlylast year.15occasionalexhumationfortheNobelthe achievementsoftenoronlyfiveyearsagowillbelargelyforgotten. Inshortyoucan’tgotoofarwrongwhenpredictingmoreofthesame.But thereisa16sidetothis—theinevitablereactionagainst it.ThepracticalthingsIwouldliketoseehappen--publishersseekingless to17celebritythroughextravagantadvertising 18andmagazines19spacetoreflective pieces—arerathermoreimprobablethantheSecondComing耶稣复临.Butdullness neverquitedarkensthewholeplanet.Intheirownidiosyncraticfashionafew writerswill20belookingfornew departures.
Text2 WhenMarineLt.AlanZarracinafinally didthesplitsaftermonthsofstrugglingwiththedifficultposeinyogaclass thelimberwomenaroundhimapplauded.Zarracinaa24-year-old NavalAcademygraduateandflightstudentadmitshewouldhaveahardtime explainingthescenetootherMarines.Eachclassendswithachantforpeace. TheninstructorNancyLaNasahandsstudentsincensesticksasagiftfortheir 90minutesofbackbendsshoulderstandsandotherchallengingpositions. Zarracinahastriedtodragsomeofhismilitaryfriendstoclassbuttheymake funofhint.It’snotnecessarilyconsideredmasculine’hesaid. StillthepopularclassesbasedonancientHindupracticesofmeditation throughcontrolledbreathingbalancingandstretchingarecatchingonin militarycirclesasawaytoimproveflexibilitybalanceandconcentration.A formerNavySEALtoldZarracinaabouttheclass.TheAugust editionofFitYogathenation’ssecond-largestyogamagazinewitha circulationof100000featuresaphotooftwoNavalaviatorsdoingyogaposes infullcombatgearaboardanaircraftcarrier.Atfirstitseemedalittle shocking--soldierspracticingsuchapeacefulartwriteseditorRitaTrieger. Uponcloserinspectionshesaidshenoticedasenseofinnercalm’onthe aviators’faces.Warishellandifyogacanhelpthemfindalittlesolace that’sgood’saidTriegeralongtimeNewYorkyogainstructor. RetiredAdm.TomSteffenswhospent34yearsasaNavySEALandservedas thedirectoroftheelitecorps’trainingregularlypracticesyogaathis homeinNorfolkVa.OnceinawhileI’llsitinclassandeveryoneisa 20-somethingyoungladywitha10-inchwaistandhereIamthisoldguy’he joked.Steffenswhosaidthestretchinghelpedhimeliminatethestiffnessofa bicepsinjuryaftersurgerysaidthebenefitsofregularpracticecanbe enormous.Theyogacuredallkindsofbackpainshesaid.Beinga SEALyoubeatupyourbody.Yogabreathingexercisescanhelp SEALswiththeirdivingandlearningtocontrolthebodybyremainingin unusualpositionscanhelpmembersstayinconfinedspacesforlongperiodshe said.Theabilitytostayfocusedonsomethingwhetheronbreathingoronthe yogapracticeandnotbedrawnoffcoursethathasalotofconnectiontothe militaryhesaid.InourSEALbasictrainingtherearemanythingsthatare yoga-likeinnature.AlanthoughtitisdifficulttoexplainthescenetohisfellowMarinesbecause
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Withthespreadofinter-active electronicmediaamanaloneinhisownhomewillneverhavebeensowellplaced tofilltheinexplicablementalspacebetweencradleandcrematorium.SoI suspectthatbookswillbepushedmoreandmoreintothosemomentsoftravelor difficultdefecation1peoplestilldon’tquiteknowwhat todowith.WhenpeopledoreadIthinkthey’llwanttofeel theyarereadingliteratureor2somethingserious.3 you’regoingtofindfewerbookspresentingthemselvesasno-nonsense and4assumingliterarypretensionsandbeing packagedasworksofart.Wecanexpectanextraordinaryvarietyofgenrebut withanunderlying5ofsentimentandvision. Translatorscanonly6fromthisdesireforthe presumablysophisticated.Wecanlookforwardtolotsofdifficultnamesand fantasticstoriesofforeignpartsenthusiastically7by theoverallworshipoftheglobalvillage’.Muchofthiswillbeawfulandsome wonderful8don’texpectthepressortheorganizersof prizestoofferyoumuchhelpinmakingtheappropriatedistinctions.Theywill bechiefly9increatingcelebritythegreatest enemyofdiscriminationbutagoodpropforthe10 consumer.Everyethnicgroupingovertheworldwill havetobeseentohaveagreatwriter—aphenomenonthatwill11 anewkindofprovincialismmorechronologicalthangeographic 12onlythestrictlycontemporaryistalkedaboutand 13UniversitiesincludingCambridgewillinclude 14theirliteraturesyllabusnovelswrittenonlylast year.15occasionalexhumationfortheNobelthe achievementsoftenoronlyfiveyearsagowillbelargelyforgotten. Inshortyoucan’tgotoofarwrongwhenpredictingmoreofthesame.But thereisa16sidetothis—theinevitablereactionagainst it.ThepracticalthingsIwouldliketoseehappen--publishersseekingless to17celebritythroughextravagantadvertising 18andmagazines19spacetoreflective pieces—arerathermoreimprobablethantheSecondComing耶稣复临.Butdullness neverquitedarkensthewholeplanet.Intheirownidiosyncraticfashionafew writerswill20belookingfornew departures.
Directions: ReadthefollowingtenetcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonAnswerSheet2. JackS.Kilbyanelectricalengineerwhoseinventionoftheintegratedcircuitgaverisetotheinformationageandheraldedanexplosionofconsumerelectronicsproductsinthelast50yearsfrompersonalcomputerstocellphonesdiedMondayinDallas.Hewas81. HisdeathafterabriefbattlewithcancerwasannouncedyesterdaybyTexasInstrumentstheDallas-basedelectronicscompanywhereheworkedforaquarter-century. 46TheintegratedcircuitthatMr.Kilbydesigned’.shortlyafterarrivingatTexasInstrumentsin1958servedasthebasisformodernmicroelectronicstransformingatechnologythatpermittedthesimultaneousmanufacturingofamerehandfuloftransistors晶体管intoachipindustrythatroutinelyplacesbillionsofLilliputian微小的switchesintheareaofafingernail. Hisachievement--theintegration--yieldedathinchipofcrystalconnectingpreviouslyseparatecomponentsliketransistorsresistorsandcapacitorswithinasingledevice.ForthatcreationcommonlycalledthemicrochiphewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin2000. 47DuringhiscareeratTexasInstrumentsheclaimedmorethan60patentsandwasalsooneoftheinventorsofthehand-heldcalculatorandthethermalprinter.ButitwasMr.Kilby’sinventionoftheintegratedcircuitthatmostbroadlyshapedtheelectronicera. "It’shardtofindaplacewheretheintegratedcircuitdoesn’taffectyourlifetoday"Richardm.TempletonTexasInstruments’presidentandchiefexecutiveofficersaidinaninterviewyesterday."That’showbroaditsimpactis." ItisanimpactMr.Kilbysaidthatwaslargelyunexpected.48"WeexpectedtoreducethecostofelectronicsbutIdon’tthinkanybodywasthinkingintermsoffactorsofamillion"hesaidinanundatedinterviewcitedbyTexasInstruments. 49TheremarkableaccelerationofthemanufacturingprocessbasedontheintegratedcircuitwaslaterdescribedbyGordonE.Mooreco-founderoftheIntelCorporationwhosepartnerRobertN.NoyceinventedanotherversionoftheintegratedcircuitjustmonthsafterMr.Kilby. In1965threeyearsafterthefirstcommercialintegratedcircuitscametomarketDr.Mooreobservedthatthenumberoftransistorsonacircuitwasdoublingatregularintervalsandwoulddosofarintothefuture.50TheobservationwhichcametobeknownasMoore’slawbecamethedefiningattributeofthechip-makingindustrycenteredinwhatisnowknownasSiliconValleywhereIntelwasbasedratherthaninDallas. TheremarkableaccelerationofthemanufacturingprocessbasedontheintegratedcircuitwaslaterdescribedbyGordonE.Mooreco-founderoftheIntelCorporationwhosepartnerRobertN.NoyceinventedanotherversionoftheintegratedcircuitjustmonthsafterMr.Kilby.
PerhapsOnlyasmallboytrainingtobeawizardattheHogwartsschoolofmagiccouldcastaspellsopowerfulastocreatethebiggestbooklaunchever.WhereverintheworldtheclockstrikesmidnightonJune20thhisfollowerswillflocktogettheirpawsononeofmorethan10millioncopiesof"HarryPotterandtheOrderofthePhoenix".Bookshopswillopeninthemiddleofthenightanddeliveryfirmsaredraftinginextrastaffandbiggertrucks.RelatedtoysgamesDVDsandothermerchandisewillbeeverywhere.TherewillbenoescapingPottermania. YetMr.Potter’sworldisacuriousoneinwhichthingsareoftennotwhattheyappear.WhileanexcitablemediaherebyincludingTheEconomisthappytosupportsuchafineexampleofglobalisationishelpingtohypethelaunchofJ.K.Rowling’sfifthnovelaboutthemostadventurousthingthatthepublishersScholasticinAmericaandBritain’sBloomsburyinEnglishelsewherehaveorganisedisareadingbyMs.RowlinginLondon’sRoyalAlbertHalltobebroadcastasalivewebcast.HollywoodwhichownseverythingelsetodowithHarryPottersaysitisdoingevenless.IncredibleasitmayseemtheguardiansofthebrandsaythattoprotectthePotterfranchisetheyaretryingtomaintainalowprofile.Wellrelativelylow. Ms.Rowlingsignedacontractin1998withWarnerBrotherspartofAOLTimeWarnergivingthestudioexclusivefilmlicensingandmerchandisingrightsinreturnforwhatnowappearstohavebeenasteal:some$500000.WarnerlicensesotherfirmstoproducegoodsusingHarryPottercharactersorimagesfromwhichMs.Rowlinggetsabigenoughcutthatsheisnowwealthierthanthequeen--ifyoubelieveBritain’sSundayTimesrichlist.Theprocessisself-generating:eachbooksetsthestageforafilmwhichboostsbooksaleswhichliftssalesofPotterproducts. GloballythefirstfourHarryPotterbookshavesoldsome200millioncopiesin55languages;thetwomovieshavegrossedover$1.8billionattheboxoffice. ThisisastunningsuccessbyanymeasureespeciallyasMs.RowlinghaslongdemandedthatHarryPottershouldnotbeover-commercialised.InlinewithherwishesWarnersaysitisbeingextraordinarilycarefulatleastbyHollywoodstandardsaboutwhatitlicensesandtowhom.ItimposedtoughconditionsonCoca-ColainsistingthatnoHarryPotterimagesshouldappearoncansandisnowintheprocessofmakingitslicensingprogrammeevenmorerestrictive.Cokemaysoonbeconsideredtoomassmarkettocarrythebrandatall. ThedealwithWarnertiesmuchofthemerchandisingtothefilmsalone.Therearenoofficiallysanctionedproductsrelatingto"OrderofthePhoenix’;noryetfor"HarryPotterandthePrisonerofAzkaban’thefilmofthethirdbookwhichisdueoutinJune2004.WarneragreesthatMs.Rowling’screationisadifferentsortofcommercialpropertyonewithlong-termpotentialthatcouldbedamagedbyatypicalHollywoodmarketingblitzsaysDianeNelsonthestudio’sglobalbrandmanagerforHarryPotter.Itisvitalsheaddsthatwithmoretocomereadersofthebooksarenotalienated."Theevidencefromourmarketresearchisthatenthusiasmforthepropertybyfansisnotwaning." Ms.Rowling’sreadinginLondon’sRoyalAlbertHallismentionedtoshow
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answer thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Nuclearweaponswerefirstdevelopedin theUnitedStatesduringtheSecondWorldWartobeusedagainstGermany. HoweverbythetimethefirstbombswerereadyforusethewarwithGermany hadendedandasaresultthedecisionwasmadetousetheweaponsagainst Japaninstead.HiroshimaandNagasakihavesufferedtheconsequencesofthis decisiontothepresentday.Therealreasonswhybombswere droppedontwoheavily-populatedcitiesarenotaltogetherclear.Anumberof peoplein1944andearly1945arguedthattheuseofnuclearweaponswould beunnecessarysinceAmericanIntelligencewasawarethatsomeofthemost powerfulandinfluentialpeopleinJapanhadalreadyrealizedthatthewarwas lostandwantedtonegotiateaJapanesesurrender.Itwasalsoargued thatsinceJapanhasfewnaturalresourcesablockadebytheAmericannavy wouldforceittosurrenderwithinafewweeksandtheuseofnuclearweapons wouldthusproveunnecessary.Ifademonstrationofforcewasrequiredtoend thewarabombcouldbedroppedoveranunpopulatedarealikeadesertin frontofJapaneseobserversoroveranareaoflowpopulationinsideJapan suchasaforest.Optingforthiscourseofactionmightminimizethelossof furtherlivesonallsideswhilethepowerofnuclearweaponswouldstillbe adequatelydemonstrated.Alloftheseargumentswererejected howeverandthegeneralconsensuswasthatthequickestwaytoendthefighting wouldbetousenuclearweaponsagainstcantersofpopulationinsideJapan.In facttwoofthemorelikelyreasonswhythisdecisionwasreachedseemquite shockingtousnow.SincethebeginningoftheSecondWorldWar bothGermanyandJapanhadadoptedapolicyofgenocidei.e.killingasmany peopleaspossibleincludingcivilians.LateroneventheUSandBritainhad usedthestrategyoffirebombingcitiesDresdenandTokyoforexamplein ordertokillinjureandintimidateasmanyciviliansaspossible.Certainly thegeneralpublicintheWesthadbecomeusedtohearingaboutthedeathsof largenumbersofpeoplesothedeathsofanotherfewthousandJapanesewho weretheenemyinanycasewouldnotseemparticularlyunacceptable--abitof justifiablerevengefortheAllies’ownlossesperhaps.The secondreasonisnotmucheasiertocomprehend.Someoftheleadingscientists intheworldhadcollaboratedtodevelopnuclearweaponsandthisdevelopment hadresultedinanumberofmajoradvancesintechnologyandscientific knowledge.Asaresultalotofnormalintelligentpeoplewantedtosee nuclearweaponsused;theywantedtoseejusthowdestructivethisnewinvention couldbe.Itnodoubtturnedouttobeevenmoreeffectivethantheyhad imagined.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat
PerhapsOnlyasmallboytrainingtobeawizardattheHogwartsschoolofmagiccouldcastaspellsopowerfulastocreatethebiggestbooklaunchever.WhereverintheworldtheclockstrikesmidnightonJune20thhisfollowerswillflocktogettheirpawsononeofmorethan10millioncopiesof"HarryPotterandtheOrderofthePhoenix".Bookshopswillopeninthemiddleofthenightanddeliveryfirmsaredraftinginextrastaffandbiggertrucks.RelatedtoysgamesDVDsandothermerchandisewillbeeverywhere.TherewillbenoescapingPottermania. YetMr.Potter’sworldisacuriousoneinwhichthingsareoftennotwhattheyappear.WhileanexcitablemediaherebyincludingTheEconomisthappytosupportsuchafineexampleofglobalisationishelpingtohypethelaunchofJ.K.Rowling’sfifthnovelaboutthemostadventurousthingthatthepublishersScholasticinAmericaandBritain’sBloomsburyinEnglishelsewherehaveorganisedisareadingbyMs.RowlinginLondon’sRoyalAlbertHalltobebroadcastasalivewebcast.HollywoodwhichownseverythingelsetodowithHarryPottersaysitisdoingevenless.IncredibleasitmayseemtheguardiansofthebrandsaythattoprotectthePotterfranchisetheyaretryingtomaintainalowprofile.Wellrelativelylow. Ms.Rowlingsignedacontractin1998withWarnerBrotherspartofAOLTimeWarnergivingthestudioexclusivefilmlicensingandmerchandisingrightsinreturnforwhatnowappearstohavebeenasteal:some$500000.WarnerlicensesotherfirmstoproducegoodsusingHarryPottercharactersorimagesfromwhichMs.Rowlinggetsabigenoughcutthatsheisnowwealthierthanthequeen--ifyoubelieveBritain’sSundayTimesrichlist.Theprocessisself-generating:eachbooksetsthestageforafilmwhichboostsbooksaleswhichliftssalesofPotterproducts. GloballythefirstfourHarryPotterbookshavesoldsome200millioncopiesin55languages;thetwomovieshavegrossedover$1.8billionattheboxoffice. ThisisastunningsuccessbyanymeasureespeciallyasMs.RowlinghaslongdemandedthatHarryPottershouldnotbeover-commercialised.InlinewithherwishesWarnersaysitisbeingextraordinarilycarefulatleastbyHollywoodstandardsaboutwhatitlicensesandtowhom.ItimposedtoughconditionsonCoca-ColainsistingthatnoHarryPotterimagesshouldappearoncansandisnowintheprocessofmakingitslicensingprogrammeevenmorerestrictive.Cokemaysoonbeconsideredtoomassmarkettocarrythebrandatall. ThedealwithWarnertiesmuchofthemerchandisingtothefilmsalone.Therearenoofficiallysanctionedproductsrelatingto"OrderofthePhoenix’;noryetfor"HarryPotterandthePrisonerofAzkaban’thefilmofthethirdbookwhichisdueoutinJune2004.WarneragreesthatMs.Rowling’screationisadifferentsortofcommercialpropertyonewithlong-termpotentialthatcouldbedamagedbyatypicalHollywoodmarketingblitzsaysDianeNelsonthestudio’sglobalbrandmanagerforHarryPotter.Itisvitalsheaddsthatwithmoretocomereadersofthebooksarenotalienated."Theevidencefromourmarketresearchisthatenthusiasmforthepropertybyfansisnotwaning." Paragraph5intendsmainlytoshowWarner’s
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Withthespreadofinter-active electronicmediaamanaloneinhisownhomewillneverhavebeensowellplaced tofilltheinexplicablementalspacebetweencradleandcrematorium.SoI suspectthatbookswillbepushedmoreandmoreintothosemomentsoftravelor difficultdefecation1peoplestilldon’tquiteknowwhat todowith.WhenpeopledoreadIthinkthey’llwanttofeel theyarereadingliteratureor2somethingserious.3 you’regoingtofindfewerbookspresentingthemselvesasno-nonsense and4assumingliterarypretensionsandbeing packagedasworksofart.Wecanexpectanextraordinaryvarietyofgenrebut withanunderlying5ofsentimentandvision. Translatorscanonly6fromthisdesireforthe presumablysophisticated.Wecanlookforwardtolotsofdifficultnamesand fantasticstoriesofforeignpartsenthusiastically7by theoverallworshipoftheglobalvillage’.Muchofthiswillbeawfulandsome wonderful8don’texpectthepressortheorganizersof prizestoofferyoumuchhelpinmakingtheappropriatedistinctions.Theywill bechiefly9increatingcelebritythegreatest enemyofdiscriminationbutagoodpropforthe10 consumer.Everyethnicgroupingovertheworldwill havetobeseentohaveagreatwriter—aphenomenonthatwill11 anewkindofprovincialismmorechronologicalthangeographic 12onlythestrictlycontemporaryistalkedaboutand 13UniversitiesincludingCambridgewillinclude 14theirliteraturesyllabusnovelswrittenonlylast year.15occasionalexhumationfortheNobelthe achievementsoftenoronlyfiveyearsagowillbelargelyforgotten. Inshortyoucan’tgotoofarwrongwhenpredictingmoreofthesame.But thereisa16sidetothis—theinevitablereactionagainst it.ThepracticalthingsIwouldliketoseehappen--publishersseekingless to17celebritythroughextravagantadvertising 18andmagazines19spacetoreflective pieces—arerathermoreimprobablethantheSecondComing耶稣复临.Butdullness neverquitedarkensthewholeplanet.Intheirownidiosyncraticfashionafew writerswill20belookingfornew departures.
Directions: Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutthetopicofnuclearfusionfollowedbyalistofexplanationsorexamples.Choosethebestexplanation/examplefromthelistA--Fforeachnumberedsubheading/generalization41--45.Thereisoneextraexplanation/examplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonAnswerSheet1.S cientistssaytheyhaveachievedsmall-scalenuclearfusioninatabletopexperimentusingtriedandtruetechniquesthatareexpectedtogeneratefarlesscontroversythanpastsuchclaims. Thislatestexperimentreliedonatinycrystaltogenerateastrongelectricfield.WhiletheenergycreatedwastoosmalltoharnesscheapfusionpowerthetechniquecouldhavepotentialusesinmedicinespacecraftpropulsiontheoildrillingindustryandhomelandsecuritysaidSethPuttermanaphysicistattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles. PuttermanandhiscolleaguesatUCLABrianNaranjoandJimGimzewskireporttheirresultsinThursday’sissueofthejournalNature. 41.Helduptoridicule Previousclaimsoftabletopfusionhavebeenmetwithskepticismandevenderisionbyphysicists. 42.Soundtheoreticalbasis FusionexpertssaidtheUCLAexperimentwillfacefarlessskepticismbecauseitconformstowell-knownprinciplesofphysics. 43.Energyinwaiting Fusionpowerhasbeentoutedastheultimateenergysourceandacleaneralternativetofossilfuelslikecoalandoil.Fossilfuelsareexpectedtorunshortinabout50years. 44.Processoffusion IntheUCL’Aexperimentscientistsplacedatinycrystalthatcangenerateastrongelectricfieldintoavacuumchamberfilledwithdeuteriumgasaformofhydrogencapableoffusion.Thentheresearchersactivatedthecrystalbyheatingit. 45.Commercialuses UCLA’sPuttermansaidfutureexperimentswillfocusonrefiningthetechniqueforpotentialcommercialusesincludingdesigningportableneutrongeneratorsthatcouldbeusedforoilwelldrillingorscanningluggageandcargoatairports. IntheNaturereportPuttermanandhiscolleaguessaidthecrystal-basedmethodcouldbeusedin"microthrustersforminiaturespacecraft."InsuchanapplicationthemethodwouldnotrelyonnuclearfusionforpowergenerationButratheronionpropulsionPuttermansaid. "Aswildasitisthat’saconservativeapplication"hesaid. A.Infusionlightatomsarejoinedinahigh-temperatureprocessthatfreeslargeamountsofenergy.ItisconsideredenvironmentallyfriendlyBecauseitproducesvirtuallynoairpollutionanddoesnotposethesafetyandlong-termradioactivewasteconcernsassociatedwithmodernnuclearpowerplantswhereheavyuraniumatomsaresplittocreateenergyinaprocessknownasfission. B.TheresultingelectricfieldcreatedaBeamofchargeddeuteriumatomsthatstruckanearbytargetwhichwasembeddedwithyetmoredeuterium.Whensomeofthedeuteriumatomsinthebeamcollidedwiththeircounterpartsinthetargettheyfused.Thereactiongaveoffanisotopeofheliumalongwithsubatomicparticlesknownasneutronsacharacteristicoffusion.Theexperimentdidnothoweverproducemoreenergythantheamountputin--anachievementthatwouldbeahugebreakthrough. C.Anothertechniqueknownassonoluminescencegeneratesheatthroughthecollapseoftinybubblesinaliquid.Somescientistsclaimthatnuclearfusionoccursduringthereactionbutthoseclaimshavesparkedsharpdebate. D.InaNaturecommentaryMichaelSaltmarshoftheOakRidgeNationalLaboratorysaidtheprocesswasinsomeways"remarkablylow-tech’drawinguponprinciplesthatwerefirstrecordedbytheGreekphilosopherTheophrastusin314B.C.."Thisdoesn’thaveanycontroversyinitbecausethey’reusingatriedandtruemethod"DavidRuzicprofessorofnuclearandplasmaengineeringattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbane-ChampaigntoldTheAssociatedPress."There’snomysteryintermsofthephysics.’ E.InoneofthemostnotablecasesDr.B.StanleyPonsoftheUniversityofUtahandMartinFleischmannofSouthamptonUniversityinEnglandshockedtheworldin1989whentheyannouncedthattheyhadachievedso-calledcoldfusionatroomtemperature.Theirworkwasdiscreditedafterrepeatedattemptstoreproduceitfailed. F.Thetechnologyalsocouldconceivablygiverisetoimplantableradiationsourceswhichcouldtargetcancercellswhileminimizingdamagetohealthytissue."Youcouldbringatinycrystalintothebodyplaceitnexttoatumorturnontheradiationandblastthetumor"PuttermantoldMSNBC.com. 43
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Withthespreadofinter-active electronicmediaamanaloneinhisownhomewillneverhavebeensowellplaced tofilltheinexplicablementalspacebetweencradleandcrematorium.SoI suspectthatbookswillbepushedmoreandmoreintothosemomentsoftravelor difficultdefecation1peoplestilldon’tquiteknowwhat todowith.WhenpeopledoreadIthinkthey’llwanttofeel theyarereadingliteratureor2somethingserious.3 you’regoingtofindfewerbookspresentingthemselvesasno-nonsense and4assumingliterarypretensionsandbeing packagedasworksofart.Wecanexpectanextraordinaryvarietyofgenrebut withanunderlying5ofsentimentandvision. Translatorscanonly6fromthisdesireforthe presumablysophisticated.Wecanlookforwardtolotsofdifficultnamesand fantasticstoriesofforeignpartsenthusiastically7by theoverallworshipoftheglobalvillage’.Muchofthiswillbeawfulandsome wonderful8don’texpectthepressortheorganizersof prizestoofferyoumuchhelpinmakingtheappropriatedistinctions.Theywill bechiefly9increatingcelebritythegreatest enemyofdiscriminationbutagoodpropforthe10 consumer.Everyethnicgroupingovertheworldwill havetobeseentohaveagreatwriter—aphenomenonthatwill11 anewkindofprovincialismmorechronologicalthangeographic 12onlythestrictlycontemporaryistalkedaboutand 13UniversitiesincludingCambridgewillinclude 14theirliteraturesyllabusnovelswrittenonlylast year.15occasionalexhumationfortheNobelthe achievementsoftenoronlyfiveyearsagowillbelargelyforgotten. Inshortyoucan’tgotoofarwrongwhenpredictingmoreofthesame.But thereisa16sidetothis—theinevitablereactionagainst it.ThepracticalthingsIwouldliketoseehappen--publishersseekingless to17celebritythroughextravagantadvertising 18andmagazines19spacetoreflective pieces—arerathermoreimprobablethantheSecondComing耶稣复临.Butdullness neverquitedarkensthewholeplanet.Intheirownidiosyncraticfashionafew writerswill20belookingfornew departures.
Directions: Youaregoingtogiveasend-offspeechatafarewellpartygiveninhonorofProf. KerryStubbs.Inyourspeechyouwould 1indicatethepurposeoftheparty 2acknowledgewhatMr.Stubbshasdone 3inviteMr.Stubbstospeak Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonAnswerSheet2.
Directions: Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutthetopicofnuclearfusionfollowedbyalistofexplanationsorexamples.Choosethebestexplanation/examplefromthelistA--Fforeachnumberedsubheading/generalization41--45.Thereisoneextraexplanation/examplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonAnswerSheet1.S cientistssaytheyhaveachievedsmall-scalenuclearfusioninatabletopexperimentusingtriedandtruetechniquesthatareexpectedtogeneratefarlesscontroversythanpastsuchclaims. Thislatestexperimentreliedonatinycrystaltogenerateastrongelectricfield.WhiletheenergycreatedwastoosmalltoharnesscheapfusionpowerthetechniquecouldhavepotentialusesinmedicinespacecraftpropulsiontheoildrillingindustryandhomelandsecuritysaidSethPuttermanaphysicistattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles. PuttermanandhiscolleaguesatUCLABrianNaranjoandJimGimzewskireporttheirresultsinThursday’sissueofthejournalNature. 41.Helduptoridicule Previousclaimsoftabletopfusionhavebeenmetwithskepticismandevenderisionbyphysicists. 42.Soundtheoreticalbasis FusionexpertssaidtheUCLAexperimentwillfacefarlessskepticismbecauseitconformstowell-knownprinciplesofphysics. 43.Energyinwaiting Fusionpowerhasbeentoutedastheultimateenergysourceandacleaneralternativetofossilfuelslikecoalandoil.Fossilfuelsareexpectedtorunshortinabout50years. 44.Processoffusion IntheUCL’Aexperimentscientistsplacedatinycrystalthatcangenerateastrongelectricfieldintoavacuumchamberfilledwithdeuteriumgasaformofhydrogencapableoffusion.Thentheresearchersactivatedthecrystalbyheatingit. 45.Commercialuses UCLA’sPuttermansaidfutureexperimentswillfocusonrefiningthetechniqueforpotentialcommercialusesincludingdesigningportableneutrongeneratorsthatcouldbeusedforoilwelldrillingorscanningluggageandcargoatairports. IntheNaturereportPuttermanandhiscolleaguessaidthecrystal-basedmethodcouldbeusedin"microthrustersforminiaturespacecraft."InsuchanapplicationthemethodwouldnotrelyonnuclearfusionforpowergenerationButratheronionpropulsionPuttermansaid. "Aswildasitisthat’saconservativeapplication"hesaid. A.Infusionlightatomsarejoinedinahigh-temperatureprocessthatfreeslargeamountsofenergy.ItisconsideredenvironmentallyfriendlyBecauseitproducesvirtuallynoairpollutionanddoesnotposethesafetyandlong-termradioactivewasteconcernsassociatedwithmodernnuclearpowerplantswhereheavyuraniumatomsaresplittocreateenergyinaprocessknownasfission. B.TheresultingelectricfieldcreatedaBeamofchargeddeuteriumatomsthatstruckanearbytargetwhichwasembeddedwithyetmoredeuterium.Whensomeofthedeuteriumatomsinthebeamcollidedwiththeircounterpartsinthetargettheyfused.Thereactiongaveoffanisotopeofheliumalongwithsubatomicparticlesknownasneutronsacharacteristicoffusion.Theexperimentdidnothoweverproducemoreenergythantheamountputin--anachievementthatwouldbeahugebreakthrough. C.Anothertechniqueknownassonoluminescencegeneratesheatthroughthecollapseoftinybubblesinaliquid.Somescientistsclaimthatnuclearfusionoccursduringthereactionbutthoseclaimshavesparkedsharpdebate. D.InaNaturecommentaryMichaelSaltmarshoftheOakRidgeNationalLaboratorysaidtheprocesswasinsomeways"remarkablylow-tech’drawinguponprinciplesthatwerefirstrecordedbytheGreekphilosopherTheophrastusin314B.C.."Thisdoesn’thaveanycontroversyinitbecausethey’reusingatriedandtruemethod"DavidRuzicprofessorofnuclearandplasmaengineeringattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbane-ChampaigntoldTheAssociatedPress."There’snomysteryintermsofthephysics.’ E.InoneofthemostnotablecasesDr.B.StanleyPonsoftheUniversityofUtahandMartinFleischmannofSouthamptonUniversityinEnglandshockedtheworldin1989whentheyannouncedthattheyhadachievedso-calledcoldfusionatroomtemperature.Theirworkwasdiscreditedafterrepeatedattemptstoreproduceitfailed. F.Thetechnologyalsocouldconceivablygiverisetoimplantableradiationsourceswhichcouldtargetcancercellswhileminimizingdamagetohealthytissue."Youcouldbringatinycrystalintothebodyplaceitnexttoatumorturnontheradiationandblastthetumor"PuttermantoldMSNBC.com. 41
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Withthespreadofinter-active electronicmediaamanaloneinhisownhomewillneverhavebeensowellplaced tofilltheinexplicablementalspacebetweencradleandcrematorium.SoI suspectthatbookswillbepushedmoreandmoreintothosemomentsoftravelor difficultdefecation1peoplestilldon’tquiteknowwhat todowith.WhenpeopledoreadIthinkthey’llwanttofeel theyarereadingliteratureor2somethingserious.3 you’regoingtofindfewerbookspresentingthemselvesasno-nonsense and4assumingliterarypretensionsandbeing packagedasworksofart.Wecanexpectanextraordinaryvarietyofgenrebut withanunderlying5ofsentimentandvision. Translatorscanonly6fromthisdesireforthe presumablysophisticated.Wecanlookforwardtolotsofdifficultnamesand fantasticstoriesofforeignpartsenthusiastically7by theoverallworshipoftheglobalvillage’.Muchofthiswillbeawfulandsome wonderful8don’texpectthepressortheorganizersof prizestoofferyoumuchhelpinmakingtheappropriatedistinctions.Theywill bechiefly9increatingcelebritythegreatest enemyofdiscriminationbutagoodpropforthe10 consumer.Everyethnicgroupingovertheworldwill havetobeseentohaveagreatwriter—aphenomenonthatwill11 anewkindofprovincialismmorechronologicalthangeographic 12onlythestrictlycontemporaryistalkedaboutand 13UniversitiesincludingCambridgewillinclude 14theirliteraturesyllabusnovelswrittenonlylast year.15occasionalexhumationfortheNobelthe achievementsoftenoronlyfiveyearsagowillbelargelyforgotten. Inshortyoucan’tgotoofarwrongwhenpredictingmoreofthesame.But thereisa16sidetothis—theinevitablereactionagainst it.ThepracticalthingsIwouldliketoseehappen--publishersseekingless to17celebritythroughextravagantadvertising 18andmagazines19spacetoreflective pieces—arerathermoreimprobablethantheSecondComing耶稣复临.Butdullness neverquitedarkensthewholeplanet.Intheirownidiosyncraticfashionafew writerswill20belookingfornew departures.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Withthespreadofinter-active electronicmediaamanaloneinhisownhomewillneverhavebeensowellplaced tofilltheinexplicablementalspacebetweencradleandcrematorium.SoI suspectthatbookswillbepushedmoreandmoreintothosemomentsoftravelor difficultdefecation1peoplestilldon’tquiteknowwhat todowith.WhenpeopledoreadIthinkthey’llwanttofeel theyarereadingliteratureor2somethingserious.3 you’regoingtofindfewerbookspresentingthemselvesasno-nonsense and4assumingliterarypretensionsandbeing packagedasworksofart.Wecanexpectanextraordinaryvarietyofgenrebut withanunderlying5ofsentimentandvision. Translatorscanonly6fromthisdesireforthe presumablysophisticated.Wecanlookforwardtolotsofdifficultnamesand fantasticstoriesofforeignpartsenthusiastically7by theoverallworshipoftheglobalvillage’.Muchofthiswillbeawfulandsome wonderful8don’texpectthepressortheorganizersof prizestoofferyoumuchhelpinmakingtheappropriatedistinctions.Theywill bechiefly9increatingcelebritythegreatest enemyofdiscriminationbutagoodpropforthe10 consumer.Everyethnicgroupingovertheworldwill havetobeseentohaveagreatwriter—aphenomenonthatwill11 anewkindofprovincialismmorechronologicalthangeographic 12onlythestrictlycontemporaryistalkedaboutand 13UniversitiesincludingCambridgewillinclude 14theirliteraturesyllabusnovelswrittenonlylast year.15occasionalexhumationfortheNobelthe achievementsoftenoronlyfiveyearsagowillbelargelyforgotten. Inshortyoucan’tgotoofarwrongwhenpredictingmoreofthesame.But thereisa16sidetothis—theinevitablereactionagainst it.ThepracticalthingsIwouldliketoseehappen--publishersseekingless to17celebritythroughextravagantadvertising 18andmagazines19spacetoreflective pieces—arerathermoreimprobablethantheSecondComing耶稣复临.Butdullness neverquitedarkensthewholeplanet.Intheirownidiosyncraticfashionafew writerswill20belookingfornew departures.
EuropeanfarmministershaveendedthreeweeksofnegotiationswithadealwhichtheyclaimrepresentsgenuinereformofthecommonagriculturalpolicyCAP.WillitbeenoughtokickstarttheDohaworldtradenegotiations OnthefaceofitthedealagreedintheearlyhoursofThursdayJune26thlookspromising.Mostsubsidieslinkedtospecificfarmproductsareatlasttobebroken--theideaistoreplacethesewithadirectpaymenttofarmersunconnectedtoparticularproducts.Supportpricesforseveralkeyproductsincludingmilkandbutteraretobecut--thatshouldmeanEuropeanpriceseventuallyfallingtowardstheworldmarketlevel.CuttingthelinkbetweensubsidyandproductionwasthemainobjectiveofproposalsputforwardbyMr.Fischlerwhichhadformedthestartingpointforthenegotiations. TheCAPishugelyunpopulararoundtheworld.ItsubsidisesEuropeanfarmerstosuchanextentthattheycanundercutfarmersfrompoorcountrieswhoalsofacetradebarriersthatlargelyexcludethemfromthepotentiallylucrativeEuropeanmarket.FarmtradeisalsoakeyfeatureoftheDoharoundoftradetalkslaunchedundertheauspicesoftheWorldTradeOrganisationWTOinNovember2001.DevelopingcountrieshavelinedupalongsideanumberofindustrialcountriestodemandanendtothemassivesubsidiesEuropepaysitsfarmers.SeveralDohadeadlineshavealreadybeenmissedbecauseoftheEU’sintransigenceandthesurvivalofthetalkswillbeatriskifnoprogressismadebySeptemberwhentheworld’stradeministersmeetinCancunMexico. ButnoweventheFrenchseemtohavegonealongwiththedealhammeredoutinLuxembourg.Uptoapointanyway.Thepackageofmeasuresgivesthegreenlightforthemosteagerreformerstomovefasttoimplementthechangeswithintheirowncountries.ButthereisanescapeclauseofsortsfortheFrenchandotherreform-aversenations.Theycandelayimplementationforuptotwoyears.Thereisalsoasuggestionthatthereformsmightnotapplywherethereisachancethattheywouldleadtoareductioninlandundercultivation. Theselet-outsarepotentiallydamagingforEurope’snegotiatorsintheDoharound.TheycouldsignificantlyreducethecostsavingsthatthereformsmightotherwisegenerateandinturnkeepEuropeanexpenditureonfarmsupportunacceptablyhighbyworldstandards.Moregenerallytheescapeclausescouldunderminethereformsbyencouragingthesuspicionthatthenewpackagewillnotdeliverthechangesthatitssupportersclaim.Closeanalysisofwhatisinevitablyaverycomplicatedpackagemightconfirmthesceptics’fears. Whatisthepassagemainlyabout
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Withthespreadofinter-active electronicmediaamanaloneinhisownhomewillneverhavebeensowellplaced tofilltheinexplicablementalspacebetweencradleandcrematorium.SoI suspectthatbookswillbepushedmoreandmoreintothosemomentsoftravelor difficultdefecation1peoplestilldon’tquiteknowwhat todowith.WhenpeopledoreadIthinkthey’llwanttofeel theyarereadingliteratureor2somethingserious.3 you’regoingtofindfewerbookspresentingthemselvesasno-nonsense and4assumingliterarypretensionsandbeing packagedasworksofart.Wecanexpectanextraordinaryvarietyofgenrebut withanunderlying5ofsentimentandvision. Translatorscanonly6fromthisdesireforthe presumablysophisticated.Wecanlookforwardtolotsofdifficultnamesand fantasticstoriesofforeignpartsenthusiastically7by theoverallworshipoftheglobalvillage’.Muchofthiswillbeawfulandsome wonderful8don’texpectthepressortheorganizersof prizestoofferyoumuchhelpinmakingtheappropriatedistinctions.Theywill bechiefly9increatingcelebritythegreatest enemyofdiscriminationbutagoodpropforthe10 consumer.Everyethnicgroupingovertheworldwill havetobeseentohaveagreatwriter—aphenomenonthatwill11 anewkindofprovincialismmorechronologicalthangeographic 12onlythestrictlycontemporaryistalkedaboutand 13UniversitiesincludingCambridgewillinclude 14theirliteraturesyllabusnovelswrittenonlylast year.15occasionalexhumationfortheNobelthe achievementsoftenoronlyfiveyearsagowillbelargelyforgotten. Inshortyoucan’tgotoofarwrongwhenpredictingmoreofthesame.But thereisa16sidetothis—theinevitablereactionagainst it.ThepracticalthingsIwouldliketoseehappen--publishersseekingless to17celebritythroughextravagantadvertising 18andmagazines19spacetoreflective pieces—arerathermoreimprobablethantheSecondComing耶稣复临.Butdullness neverquitedarkensthewholeplanet.Intheirownidiosyncraticfashionafew writerswill20belookingfornew departures.
Directions: Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutthetopicofnuclearfusionfollowedbyalistofexplanationsorexamples.Choosethebestexplanation/examplefromthelistA--Fforeachnumberedsubheading/generalization41--45.Thereisoneextraexplanation/examplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonAnswerSheet1.S cientistssaytheyhaveachievedsmall-scalenuclearfusioninatabletopexperimentusingtriedandtruetechniquesthatareexpectedtogeneratefarlesscontroversythanpastsuchclaims. Thislatestexperimentreliedonatinycrystaltogenerateastrongelectricfield.WhiletheenergycreatedwastoosmalltoharnesscheapfusionpowerthetechniquecouldhavepotentialusesinmedicinespacecraftpropulsiontheoildrillingindustryandhomelandsecuritysaidSethPuttermanaphysicistattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles. PuttermanandhiscolleaguesatUCLABrianNaranjoandJimGimzewskireporttheirresultsinThursday’sissueofthejournalNature. 41.Helduptoridicule Previousclaimsoftabletopfusionhavebeenmetwithskepticismandevenderisionbyphysicists. 42.Soundtheoreticalbasis FusionexpertssaidtheUCLAexperimentwillfacefarlessskepticismbecauseitconformstowell-knownprinciplesofphysics. 43.Energyinwaiting Fusionpowerhasbeentoutedastheultimateenergysourceandacleaneralternativetofossilfuelslikecoalandoil.Fossilfuelsareexpectedtorunshortinabout50years. 44.Processoffusion IntheUCL’Aexperimentscientistsplacedatinycrystalthatcangenerateastrongelectricfieldintoavacuumchamberfilledwithdeuteriumgasaformofhydrogencapableoffusion.Thentheresearchersactivatedthecrystalbyheatingit. 45.Commercialuses UCLA’sPuttermansaidfutureexperimentswillfocusonrefiningthetechniqueforpotentialcommercialusesincludingdesigningportableneutrongeneratorsthatcouldbeusedforoilwelldrillingorscanningluggageandcargoatairports. IntheNaturereportPuttermanandhiscolleaguessaidthecrystal-basedmethodcouldbeusedin"microthrustersforminiaturespacecraft."InsuchanapplicationthemethodwouldnotrelyonnuclearfusionforpowergenerationButratheronionpropulsionPuttermansaid. "Aswildasitisthat’saconservativeapplication"hesaid. A.Infusionlightatomsarejoinedinahigh-temperatureprocessthatfreeslargeamountsofenergy.ItisconsideredenvironmentallyfriendlyBecauseitproducesvirtuallynoairpollutionanddoesnotposethesafetyandlong-termradioactivewasteconcernsassociatedwithmodernnuclearpowerplantswhereheavyuraniumatomsaresplittocreateenergyinaprocessknownasfission. B.TheresultingelectricfieldcreatedaBeamofchargeddeuteriumatomsthatstruckanearbytargetwhichwasembeddedwithyetmoredeuterium.Whensomeofthedeuteriumatomsinthebeamcollidedwiththeircounterpartsinthetargettheyfused.Thereactiongaveoffanisotopeofheliumalongwithsubatomicparticlesknownasneutronsacharacteristicoffusion.Theexperimentdidnothoweverproducemoreenergythantheamountputin--anachievementthatwouldbeahugebreakthrough. C.Anothertechniqueknownassonoluminescencegeneratesheatthroughthecollapseoftinybubblesinaliquid.Somescientistsclaimthatnuclearfusionoccursduringthereactionbutthoseclaimshavesparkedsharpdebate. D.InaNaturecommentaryMichaelSaltmarshoftheOakRidgeNationalLaboratorysaidtheprocesswasinsomeways"remarkablylow-tech’drawinguponprinciplesthatwerefirstrecordedbytheGreekphilosopherTheophrastusin314B.C.."Thisdoesn’thaveanycontroversyinitbecausethey’reusingatriedandtruemethod"DavidRuzicprofessorofnuclearandplasmaengineeringattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbane-ChampaigntoldTheAssociatedPress."There’snomysteryintermsofthephysics.’ E.InoneofthemostnotablecasesDr.B.StanleyPonsoftheUniversityofUtahandMartinFleischmannofSouthamptonUniversityinEnglandshockedtheworldin1989whentheyannouncedthattheyhadachievedso-calledcoldfusionatroomtemperature.Theirworkwasdiscreditedafterrepeatedattemptstoreproduceitfailed. F.Thetechnologyalsocouldconceivablygiverisetoimplantableradiationsourceswhichcouldtargetcancercellswhileminimizingdamagetohealthytissue."Youcouldbringatinycrystalintothebodyplaceitnexttoatumorturnontheradiationandblastthetumor"PuttermantoldMSNBC.com. 45
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Withthespreadofinter-active electronicmediaamanaloneinhisownhomewillneverhavebeensowellplaced tofilltheinexplicablementalspacebetweencradleandcrematorium.SoI suspectthatbookswillbepushedmoreandmoreintothosemomentsoftravelor difficultdefecation1peoplestilldon’tquiteknowwhat todowith.WhenpeopledoreadIthinkthey’llwanttofeel theyarereadingliteratureor2somethingserious.3 you’regoingtofindfewerbookspresentingthemselvesasno-nonsense and4assumingliterarypretensionsandbeing packagedasworksofart.Wecanexpectanextraordinaryvarietyofgenrebut withanunderlying5ofsentimentandvision. Translatorscanonly6fromthisdesireforthe presumablysophisticated.Wecanlookforwardtolotsofdifficultnamesand fantasticstoriesofforeignpartsenthusiastically7by theoverallworshipoftheglobalvillage’.Muchofthiswillbeawfulandsome wonderful8don’texpectthepressortheorganizersof prizestoofferyoumuchhelpinmakingtheappropriatedistinctions.Theywill bechiefly9increatingcelebritythegreatest enemyofdiscriminationbutagoodpropforthe10 consumer.Everyethnicgroupingovertheworldwill havetobeseentohaveagreatwriter—aphenomenonthatwill11 anewkindofprovincialismmorechronologicalthangeographic 12onlythestrictlycontemporaryistalkedaboutand 13UniversitiesincludingCambridgewillinclude 14theirliteraturesyllabusnovelswrittenonlylast year.15occasionalexhumationfortheNobelthe achievementsoftenoronlyfiveyearsagowillbelargelyforgotten. Inshortyoucan’tgotoofarwrongwhenpredictingmoreofthesame.But thereisa16sidetothis—theinevitablereactionagainst it.ThepracticalthingsIwouldliketoseehappen--publishersseekingless to17celebritythroughextravagantadvertising 18andmagazines19spacetoreflective pieces—arerathermoreimprobablethantheSecondComing耶稣复临.Butdullness neverquitedarkensthewholeplanet.Intheirownidiosyncraticfashionafew writerswill20belookingfornew departures.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Withthespreadofinter-active electronicmediaamanaloneinhisownhomewillneverhavebeensowellplaced tofilltheinexplicablementalspacebetweencradleandcrematorium.SoI suspectthatbookswillbepushedmoreandmoreintothosemomentsoftravelor difficultdefecation1peoplestilldon’tquiteknowwhat todowith.WhenpeopledoreadIthinkthey’llwanttofeel theyarereadingliteratureor2somethingserious.3 you’regoingtofindfewerbookspresentingthemselvesasno-nonsense and4assumingliterarypretensionsandbeing packagedasworksofart.Wecanexpectanextraordinaryvarietyofgenrebut withanunderlying5ofsentimentandvision. Translatorscanonly6fromthisdesireforthe presumablysophisticated.Wecanlookforwardtolotsofdifficultnamesand fantasticstoriesofforeignpartsenthusiastically7by theoverallworshipoftheglobalvillage’.Muchofthiswillbeawfulandsome wonderful8don’texpectthepressortheorganizersof prizestoofferyoumuchhelpinmakingtheappropriatedistinctions.Theywill bechiefly9increatingcelebritythegreatest enemyofdiscriminationbutagoodpropforthe10 consumer.Everyethnicgroupingovertheworldwill havetobeseentohaveagreatwriter—aphenomenonthatwill11 anewkindofprovincialismmorechronologicalthangeographic 12onlythestrictlycontemporaryistalkedaboutand 13UniversitiesincludingCambridgewillinclude 14theirliteraturesyllabusnovelswrittenonlylast year.15occasionalexhumationfortheNobelthe achievementsoftenoronlyfiveyearsagowillbelargelyforgotten. Inshortyoucan’tgotoofarwrongwhenpredictingmoreofthesame.But thereisa16sidetothis—theinevitablereactionagainst it.ThepracticalthingsIwouldliketoseehappen--publishersseekingless to17celebritythroughextravagantadvertising 18andmagazines19spacetoreflective pieces—arerathermoreimprobablethantheSecondComing耶稣复临.Butdullness neverquitedarkensthewholeplanet.Intheirownidiosyncraticfashionafew writerswill20belookingfornew departures.
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answer thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Nuclearweaponswerefirstdevelopedin theUnitedStatesduringtheSecondWorldWartobeusedagainstGermany. HoweverbythetimethefirstbombswerereadyforusethewarwithGermany hadendedandasaresultthedecisionwasmadetousetheweaponsagainst Japaninstead.HiroshimaandNagasakihavesufferedtheconsequencesofthis decisiontothepresentday.Therealreasonswhybombswere droppedontwoheavily-populatedcitiesarenotaltogetherclear.Anumberof peoplein1944andearly1945arguedthattheuseofnuclearweaponswould beunnecessarysinceAmericanIntelligencewasawarethatsomeofthemost powerfulandinfluentialpeopleinJapanhadalreadyrealizedthatthewarwas lostandwantedtonegotiateaJapanesesurrender.Itwasalsoargued thatsinceJapanhasfewnaturalresourcesablockadebytheAmericannavy wouldforceittosurrenderwithinafewweeksandtheuseofnuclearweapons wouldthusproveunnecessary.Ifademonstrationofforcewasrequiredtoend thewarabombcouldbedroppedoveranunpopulatedarealikeadesertin frontofJapaneseobserversoroveranareaoflowpopulationinsideJapan suchasaforest.Optingforthiscourseofactionmightminimizethelossof furtherlivesonallsideswhilethepowerofnuclearweaponswouldstillbe adequatelydemonstrated.Alloftheseargumentswererejected howeverandthegeneralconsensuswasthatthequickestwaytoendthefighting wouldbetousenuclearweaponsagainstcantersofpopulationinsideJapan.In facttwoofthemorelikelyreasonswhythisdecisionwasreachedseemquite shockingtousnow.SincethebeginningoftheSecondWorldWar bothGermanyandJapanhadadoptedapolicyofgenocidei.e.killingasmany peopleaspossibleincludingcivilians.LateroneventheUSandBritainhad usedthestrategyoffirebombingcitiesDresdenandTokyoforexamplein ordertokillinjureandintimidateasmanyciviliansaspossible.Certainly thegeneralpublicintheWesthadbecomeusedtohearingaboutthedeathsof largenumbersofpeoplesothedeathsofanotherfewthousandJapanesewho weretheenemyinanycasewouldnotseemparticularlyunacceptable--abitof justifiablerevengefortheAllies’ownlossesperhaps.The secondreasonisnotmucheasiertocomprehend.Someoftheleadingscientists intheworldhadcollaboratedtodevelopnuclearweaponsandthisdevelopment hadresultedinanumberofmajoradvancesintechnologyandscientific knowledge.Asaresultalotofnormalintelligentpeoplewantedtosee nuclearweaponsused;theywantedtoseejusthowdestructivethisnewinvention couldbe.Itnodoubtturnedouttobeevenmoreeffectivethantheyhad imagined.Accordingtothesecondparagraphnuclearweaponsarenotnecessarybecause
Directions: ReadthefollowingtenetcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonAnswerSheet2. JackS.Kilbyanelectricalengineerwhoseinventionoftheintegratedcircuitgaverisetotheinformationageandheraldedanexplosionofconsumerelectronicsproductsinthelast50yearsfrompersonalcomputerstocellphonesdiedMondayinDallas.Hewas81. HisdeathafterabriefbattlewithcancerwasannouncedyesterdaybyTexasInstrumentstheDallas-basedelectronicscompanywhereheworkedforaquarter-century. 46TheintegratedcircuitthatMr.Kilbydesigned’.shortlyafterarrivingatTexasInstrumentsin1958servedasthebasisformodernmicroelectronicstransformingatechnologythatpermittedthesimultaneousmanufacturingofamerehandfuloftransistors晶体管intoachipindustrythatroutinelyplacesbillionsofLilliputian微小的switchesintheareaofafingernail. Hisachievement--theintegration--yieldedathinchipofcrystalconnectingpreviouslyseparatecomponentsliketransistorsresistorsandcapacitorswithinasingledevice.ForthatcreationcommonlycalledthemicrochiphewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin2000. 47DuringhiscareeratTexasInstrumentsheclaimedmorethan60patentsandwasalsooneoftheinventorsofthehand-heldcalculatorandthethermalprinter.ButitwasMr.Kilby’sinventionoftheintegratedcircuitthatmostbroadlyshapedtheelectronicera. "It’shardtofindaplacewheretheintegratedcircuitdoesn’taffectyourlifetoday"Richardm.TempletonTexasInstruments’presidentandchiefexecutiveofficersaidinaninterviewyesterday."That’showbroaditsimpactis." ItisanimpactMr.Kilbysaidthatwaslargelyunexpected.48"WeexpectedtoreducethecostofelectronicsbutIdon’tthinkanybodywasthinkingintermsoffactorsofamillion"hesaidinanundatedinterviewcitedbyTexasInstruments. 49TheremarkableaccelerationofthemanufacturingprocessbasedontheintegratedcircuitwaslaterdescribedbyGordonE.Mooreco-founderoftheIntelCorporationwhosepartnerRobertN.NoyceinventedanotherversionoftheintegratedcircuitjustmonthsafterMr.Kilby. In1965threeyearsafterthefirstcommercialintegratedcircuitscametomarketDr.Mooreobservedthatthenumberoftransistorsonacircuitwasdoublingatregularintervalsandwoulddosofarintothefuture.50TheobservationwhichcametobeknownasMoore’slawbecamethedefiningattributeofthechip-makingindustrycenteredinwhatisnowknownasSiliconValleywhereIntelwasbasedratherthaninDallas. DuringhiscareeratTexasInstrumentsheclaimedmorethan60patentsandwasalsooneoftheinventorsofthehand-heldcalculatorandthethermalprinter.ButitwasMr.Kilby’sinventionoftheintegratedcircuitthatmostbroadlyshapedtheelectronicera.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Withthespreadofinter-active electronicmediaamanaloneinhisownhomewillneverhavebeensowellplaced tofilltheinexplicablementalspacebetweencradleandcrematorium.SoI suspectthatbookswillbepushedmoreandmoreintothosemomentsoftravelor difficultdefecation1peoplestilldon’tquiteknowwhat todowith.WhenpeopledoreadIthinkthey’llwanttofeel theyarereadingliteratureor2somethingserious.3 you’regoingtofindfewerbookspresentingthemselvesasno-nonsense and4assumingliterarypretensionsandbeing packagedasworksofart.Wecanexpectanextraordinaryvarietyofgenrebut withanunderlying5ofsentimentandvision. Translatorscanonly6fromthisdesireforthe presumablysophisticated.Wecanlookforwardtolotsofdifficultnamesand fantasticstoriesofforeignpartsenthusiastically7by theoverallworshipoftheglobalvillage’.Muchofthiswillbeawfulandsome wonderful8don’texpectthepressortheorganizersof prizestoofferyoumuchhelpinmakingtheappropriatedistinctions.Theywill bechiefly9increatingcelebritythegreatest enemyofdiscriminationbutagoodpropforthe10 consumer.Everyethnicgroupingovertheworldwill havetobeseentohaveagreatwriter—aphenomenonthatwill11 anewkindofprovincialismmorechronologicalthangeographic 12onlythestrictlycontemporaryistalkedaboutand 13UniversitiesincludingCambridgewillinclude 14theirliteraturesyllabusnovelswrittenonlylast year.15occasionalexhumationfortheNobelthe achievementsoftenoronlyfiveyearsagowillbelargelyforgotten. Inshortyoucan’tgotoofarwrongwhenpredictingmoreofthesame.But thereisa16sidetothis—theinevitablereactionagainst it.ThepracticalthingsIwouldliketoseehappen--publishersseekingless to17celebritythroughextravagantadvertising 18andmagazines19spacetoreflective pieces—arerathermoreimprobablethantheSecondComing耶稣复临.Butdullness neverquitedarkensthewholeplanet.Intheirownidiosyncraticfashionafew writerswill20belookingfornew departures.
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