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Many parents today worry about their children's diets. Then what is a healthy diet for children? Mi...
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高中英语《江苏省南京市南化二中2015-2016学年高二（A）期末考试试题及答案》真题及答案
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Lastfallbeekeepersfromstateswithwarmclimatesbegantoreportasuddenlossofhoneybees.LosseswerereportedintwentyfourstatesandspreadtoCanadA.TodaysomebeekeeperssaythirtypercenttoninetypercentoftheirhoneybeesaregonE.Foodpricecouldgoupasaresult.AndsomebeekeepingbusinesseshavefaileD.Manykindsofplantstreesandgrassesneedbeestopollinatethem.Beesgathernectarfromflowersduringthisprocess.Theliquidgivesthemfoodandmaterialtomakehoney.Asthebeeslandonflowerstheirbodiespickupanddropoffparticlesofpollen花粉.MostfloweringplantsneedpollinationtoreproducE.Honeybeescandieduringthewinter.ButfewdeadbeeshavebeenfoundthistimE.InsteadthebeesseemtohavedisappeareD.Expertscalltheconditioncolonycollapsedisorder.AgricultureDepartmentofficialCairdRexroadsaidthecolonycollapsedisorderthreatensaboutfifteenbilliondollarsworthofthecountry'sfarmeconomy.Mr.RexroadcommentedatahearingofaHouseofRepresentativesagriculturesubcommitteE.Mr.Rexroadsaidthecauseofthesuddenlossofbeeswasnotclear.Thenumberofhoneybeeshadalreadyfallenbeforethecolonycollapsedisorderbegan.Expertssaythevarroamiteisatleastpartlyresponsiblefortheearlierdecreaseinhoneybees.Themiteisatinycreaturethatfeedsonhoneybees.Itmayplayapartincolonycollapsedisorderbycarryingbeeviruses.Ortheproblemmaybecausedbyotherdiseaseandweatherconditions.DianaCoxFosterofPennsylvaniaStateUniversityispartofthescientificgroup.Ms.CoxFostersaysthenationneedshoneybeesthatcandefendthemselvesbetteragainstdiseaseandinsects.Therecentmappingofmostofthehoneybees'genesoffersthehopeofastrongerhoneybeesomeday.63.Somepeoplehavefailedinbeekeepingbusinessesbecause________.A.theywanttomakemoremoneybydoingsomethingelseB.theclimatesweretoowarmtoraisebeeslastfallC.toomanybeeshavedisappearedfornoreasonD.moreandmorepeoplearebeginningtoraisebees64.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothispassage?A.Itisnormalthatsomebeesdieinthecoldseason.B.Theplantscan'tlivewithoutbeesatall.C.Manybeeshavediedbecauseofthebadweather.D.Researchershavefoundthereasonofthedeathofbees.65.Thepassageismainlytotellusthat________.A.thehoneybeesareimportanttoplantstreesandgrassesB.manyAmericansaresurprisedatthelossofhoneybeesC.stronghoneybeesareingreatneedinAmericaD.somethinghashappenedtoAmericanhoneybees
Weallknowwhatabrainis.A.doctorwilltellyouthatthebrainistheorganofthebodyintheheaD.Itcontrolsourbody'sfunctionsmovementsemotionsandthoughts.ButabraincanmeansomuchmorE.A.braincanalsosimplybeasmartpersonIfapersoniscalledbrainysheissmartandintelligent.IfafamilyhasmanychildrenbutoneofthemissupersmartyoucouldsayShe'sthebrainsinthefamily.Andifyouarethebrainsbehindsomethingyou.areresponsiblefordevelopingororganizingsomething.ForexampleBillGatesisthebrainsbehindMicrosoftBraintrustisagroupofexpertswhogiveadvicE.WordexpertssaythephrasebraintrustbecamepopularwhenFranklinD.Rooseveltfirstranforpresidentin1932SeveralprofessorsgavehimadviceonsocialandpoliticalissuesfacingtheU.S.Theseprofessorswerecalledhisbraintrust.ThesewaysweusethewordbrainallmakesensE.ButotherwaysweusethewordarenotsoeasytounderstanD.Forexampletounderstandthenextbrainexpressionyoufirstneedtoknowtheworddrain.Asaverbtodrainmeanstoremovesomethingbylettingitflowaway.Soabraindrainmaysoundlikeadiseasewherethebrainflowsouttheears.Butbraindrainiswhenacountry'smosteducatedpeopleleavetheircountriestoliveinanother.Thebrainsaresortofdrainingoutofthecountry.Howeverifpeopleareresponsibleforagreatideayoucouldsaytheybrainstormedit.Herebrainstormisnotanactofweather.ItisaprocessofthinkingcreativelyaboutacomplextopiC.Forexamplebusinessleadersmayusebrainstormingtocreatenewproductsandgovernmentleadersmaybrainstormtosolveproblems.Ifpeoplearebrainwasheditdoesnotmeantheirbrainsareniceandclean.Tobrainwashmeanstomakesomeoneacceptnewbeliefsbyusingrepeatedpressureinaforcefulortrickyway.Keepinmindthatbrainwashisneverusedinapositiveway.25.Accordingtothetextifyou'retheCEOofBaiDuyoucanbecalledA.thebrainsbehindBaiDuB.BaiDu'sbraintrustC.thebraindrainofBaiDuD.theorganofBaiDu26.WhydidRooseveltsuccessfullywintheelection?A.BecausehewassmartatgivingadvicE.B.Becausewordexpertswerepopular.C.Becausehegothisbraintrust.D.BecausehewasthebrainsbehindAmericA.27.Whichofthefollowingexpressionisalwaysusedinanegativeway?A.BraintrustB.BraindrainC.BrainstormD.Brainwash
OnOct.81871muchofChicagobecameaninferno地狱.ThefirebeganinorneartheO'Learyfamily'sbarn仓库.Nooneknowsforcertainhowitstartedbutitdevelopedintoabigfirethatconsumedmilesofcitykilledaboutthreehundredpeopleandleftaboutonehundredthousandhomeless.ManyconditionsmayhavecontributedtotheGreatChicagoFirE.Dryweatherwasonepossiblefactor.Thesummerandautumnhadbeenunusuallydryand20firesoccurredtheweekbeforetheGreatFirE.Justthenightbeforethecity'sfirefightersbattledaseverefireandmanywereexhausteD.Besidesfirefighters'beingverytiredtheChicagoFireDepartmentwasunderstaffedandinadequatelyequippeD.Alsomostbuildingswerewoodenandmanywerecrowdedtogether.Evensidewalkswerewoodenandrooftopswereofshinglesortar---bothflammable易燃的materials.Interspersed点缀betweenresidenceswerewarehousesandbusinesssomecontainingpaintandotherflammablemerchandisE.Althoughacitizenhadsurelysoundedanalarmthecentralalarmofficehadnorecordofit.Possiblythealarmfailedtoworkproperly.TomakethingsworseawatchmanscanningtheskiesforfiremisjudgedthelocationandsentanalarmthatcausedfirefighterstorushtoanincorrectsitE.Realizinghiserrorthewatchmantriedtosendasecondalarmbutthetelegraphdispatcher调度员refusedtoallowitfearingthatitwouldconfusethefirefighters.TheseerrorscausedthefiretogrowquicklyoutofcontrolbeforefirefightersreachedthescenE.LackingtelephonesradioandTVin1871fewpeopleinChicagorealizedtheseverityofthefireuntiltheyhadtoscrambletoescapeit.SomepeoplerushedintoLakeMichigantoescapetheflameswhileothersfledtotheprairie大草场orelsewherE.Meanwhiletroopsandciviliansblewupbuildingstocreateafirebreakhopingthatitwouldcontainthefireoratleastslowitsprogress.StrongwindsblewburningashesontobuildingsandacrosstheChicagoRivercausingthefiretospreadstillfarther.ThefirelightedtheoilandboatsfloatingonthewaterandcausedthegasworkstoexplodE.Itburnedthewoodenroofofthewaterworkswhichcollapsedanddestroyedthecity'swaterpumps.UnlessfirefighterscouldpumpwaterfromtheriverorlaketheywerehelplesstostoptheblazE.JustwhenitappearedthatnothingwouldstopthebigfirethatroaredthroughthecityrainfellonOct.10andcontainedthefirE.Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS.76.Dryweatherflammablematerials_______and________________madethefirespreadquickly.77.Thephrasecontaininthepassagemostprobablymeans______________.78.Whatmadethesefirefighterssotiredbeforetheybegantoputoutthefire?_________________________________________________79.Whycouldn'tthesefirefightersgetwatertoputoutthefire?__________________________________________________
Intoday’sconsumerworldwe’veneverhadsomuchyetitseemswe’veneverbeensounsatisfieD.Thecostofhousinghasbeenrisingfordecadesandthecosttotheplanethasbeenhugetoo.Butthereisawaytoliveasimplergreenerandmoreaffordablelife:buyaTinyDwellinghome!TinyDwellinghomesareverysmallyetcomfortablehousesataffordableprices.EachTinyDwellinghomehasacontemporarydesignandincludedalivingroomkitchenbathroomupstairssleepingareaandconvenientstoragespacE.TinyDwellinghomesarecheaptorunandecologically-friendlytoo.Allyouneedisasmallheatertokeepyourhousewarmincoldweatherandsolarpanels太阳能电池板inordertoprovidelightandelectricity.TinyDwellingispartofthesmall-livingmovementthatbeganinthelate1990s.Backthenagrowingnumberofpeoplebegantoliveinverysmallhomes.Theywantedtoreducetheirpossessionslivingspaceandenergycostssoastoleadmoreecologically-friendlylives.Butthesmall-livingmovementreallytookoffaftertheeconomiccrisisof2008whenmanypeoplerealizedthattheycouldn’taffordtokeeplargehomes.LizzyMorriaonasmall-livingenthusiaststartedTinyDwellinghomesin2008tomeettheneedsofthesepeoplE.SincethenLizzyhasbeendesigningandbuildinghomesnonstopandTinyDwellinghomeshavebecomesopopularthatthousandsofpeoplehaveboughtonE.AndLizzyhasn’tonlydesigningandbuildinghouses.Shehasalsobeenteachingpeoplehowtobuildthem.Simplybuytheplansandmaterialssothatyoucanbuildyourownhomeandsaveevenmoremoney!32.ItisimpliedinParagraph1that__________.A.richpeopleareveryunsatisfiedB.peoplearedamagingtheenvironmentC.therearemorepoorpeoplethanbeforeD.peoplespendmuchmoneyinsavingtheplanet33.Whatdoweknowaboutthesmall-livingmovement?A.Itaimedtohandletheeconomiccrisis.B.Itwasstartedbypeoplewithouthouses.C.Itwaswellreceivedbyhousedesigners.D.Itdidnotbecomequitepopularuntil2008.34.WhatisthemainattractionofTinyDwellinghomes?A.TheyareaffordablE.B.TheyprovidestoragespacE.C.TheyhaveupstairssleepingareA.D.theyareequippedwithsolarpanels.35.BesidesdesigningTinyDwellinghomesLizzyalso___________.A.urgedpeopletobuythem.B.helpedpeopletobuildthem.C.taughtpeopletosavemoney.D.offeredcoursestotraindesigners.
Goldfishhaveprettyboringlivessomaybeit’sagoodthingtheycanonlyconcentratefornineseconds!Butaccordingtonewresearchhumansarebecominglikegoldfish.Ourattentionspan时长isgettingshorter...andit’sallbecauseoftechnology.WemovequicklyfromonesitetoanotheronthewebsaysDoctorTedSelkeracomputerscientistfromMassachusettsandwearelosingtheabilitytoconcentratE.Withmillionsofwebsitestochoosefromtheattentionspanoftheaverageinternetuserisjustseconds.Thereareotherdigitaldistractions分心too:emailinstantmessagingandquickiemoviesonwebsites.SomepeopleareworriedabouttheeffectonyoungpeoplE.YouneedtimetounderstandandthinkaboutwhatyoureadsaysJuliaWoodfromLondon.Youngpeoplesearchthenetallthetimeandtheirbrainsbecomefullofuselessinformationbutthereisnotimetomakesenseofit.Iamtryingtopersuademypupilstoreadmorebookssothattheyconcentrateononesubjectforlonger.Otherteachersaretryingmoreunusualmethodstoimprovestudents’concentration.AnneSavanfromWaleswassoworriedaboutherstudentsthatshestartedplayingMozartduringhersciencelessons.Shesaysthatithadanamazingeffect:Themusicmadethemcalmerandtheirconcentrationwasmuchbetter.Butnoteveryonebelievesthatthereisaproblem.RayColeaneducationalpsychologistsays:Onthewebyoungpeoplelearntomakequickdecisionsaboutwhatisandisn’tworthreading.Theymightlookatfiveunhelpfulwebsitesveryquicklybeforestoppingandreadingasixthusefulwebsitemorecarefully.Inaworldwithsomuchinformationavailablethisisanimportantskill.24.Whydoesthewritermentiongoldfish?A.ToanalyzedatA.B.TointroduceatopiC.C.Tosettleproblems.D.Tosuggestawayout.25.WhatmaycauseashorterattentionspanaccordingtoDr.TedSelker?A.Skippingaroundtheinternet.B.Timetodigestinformation.C.Traditionalmethodsofreading.D.Makingdecisions.26.Whatwillhelpstudentsovercomeashortattentionspan?A.Receivingemails.B.Textingmessages.C.Readingmorebooks.D.Watchingquickiemovies.27.WhatisRayCole’sattitudetowardslookingthroughwebsitesquickly?A.Cautious.B.UnfavorablE.C.Skeptical.D.SupportivE.
W.hendidyoulastseeapolarbear北极熊?Onatriptoazooperhaps?IfyouhadattendedawinteractivityinNewYorkafewyearsagoyouwouldhaveseenawholepolarbearcluB.ThesePolarBearsarepeoplewhomeetfrequentlyinthewintertoswiminfreezingcoldwater.Thatdaytheairtemperaturewas3℃andthewatertemperaturewasalittlehigher.ThemembersofthePolarBearClubatConeyIslandNewYorkareusuallyabouttheageof60.Membersmustsatisfytworequirements.Firsttheymustgetalongwellwitheveryoneelseinthegroup;thisisveryimportantbecausetherearesomanydifferentkindsofpeopleinthecluB.PolarBearsmustalsoagreetoswimoutdoorsatleasttwiceamonthfromNovemberthroughFebruary.Doctorsdon'tagreeaboutthemedicaleffectsofcold-winterswimming.Someareworriedaboutthedangersofaconditioninwhichthebody'stemperaturedropssolowthatfinallytheheartstops.Otherdoctorshoweverpointoutthatthereismoredangerofaheartattackduringsummerswimmingbecausethedifferencebetweentheairtemperatureandwatertemperatureismuchgreaterinsummerthaninwinter.ThePolarBearsthemselvesaresatisfiedwiththebenefitsofcold-waterswimming.Theysaythattheirfavoriteformofexerciseisverygoodforthecirculatorysystem循环系统becauseitforcesthebloodtomovefasttokeepthebodywarm.Cold-waterswimmersusuallyturnbrightredafterafewminutesinthewater.A.personwhoturnsblueprobablyhasaverypoorcirculatorysystemandshouldnottrycold-waterswimming.Themainbenefitsofcold-waterswimmingareprobablymental.ThePolarBearslovetoswimallyearround;theyfinditfunandrelaxing.Asone70-year-oldwomansaysWhenIgointowaterIpourmytroublesintotheoceanandletthemfloataway.58.ThemembersofthePolarBearClubmustmeetthefollowingrequirementsexceptthat_____.A.theymustswimoutdoorsatleast8timesinthefourcoldmonthsB.theymustreachtheageof60C.theyshouldbeeasytomakefriendswithD.theymustagreetoswimoutdoorsfromNovemberthroughFebruary59.Accordingtothepassagesomedoctorsbelieveitistruethat_____.A.PolarBearsarebearsswimminginfreezingwaterB.cold-waterswimmingcanmakethebodytemperaturedangerouslyhighC.youarehealthyifcold-waterswimmingturnsyourskincolorblueD.cold-waterswimmingcausesmoreheartattacksinsummerthaninwinter60.ThePolarBearsliketoswimallyearroundfor_____.A.itisaneasywaytokeepthebodywarminwinterB.theycanremainyoungC.theyfinditenjoyableandinterestingD.theymightmeetfewertroublesinlife61.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A.therequirementsofthePolarBearClubB.agroupofcold-water-swimmingloversC.thePolarBears'lifeinNewYorkD.doctors'ideasaboutcold-waterswimming
InthisageofInternetchatvideogamesandrealitytelevisionthereisnoshortageofmindlessactivitiestokeepachildoccupieD.Yetdespitethecompetitionmy8-year-olddaughterRebeccawantstospendherleisuretimewritingshortstories.Shewantstoenteroneofherstoriesintoawritingcontestacompetitionshewonlastyear.AsawriterIknowaboutwinningcontestsandaboutlosingthem.Iknowwhatitisliketoworkhardonastoryonlytoreceivearejectionslipfromthepublisher.Ialsoknowthepressuresoftryingtoliveuptoareputationcreatedbypreviousvictories.Whatifshedoesn'twinthecontestagain?That'sthestrangethingaboutbeingaparent.SomanyofourownpastscarsanddashedhopescansurfacE.Arevelation启示camelastweekwhenIaskedher―Don‘tyouwanttowinagain?‖―No‖shereplied―IjustwanttotellthestoryofanangelgoingtofirstgradE.‖Ihadjustspentweekscorrectingherstoriesasshespontaneously自发地toldthem.TellingmyselfthatIwasmerelyanexperiencedwriterguidingtheyoungwriteracrossthehallIofferedsuggestionsforcharactersconflictsandendingsforhertales.Thestoryaboutafearfulangelstartingfirstgradewasquickly―guided‖bymeintothetaleofalittlegirlwithawildimaginationtakingherfirstmusiclesson.Ihadturnedhercontestintomycontestwithoutevenrealizingit.Stayingbackandgivingkidsspacetogrowisnotaseasyasitlooks.BecauseIknowverylittleaboutfarmanimalswhousetoolsorangelswhogotofirstgradeIhadtoacceptthefactthatIwasco-opting借用mydaughter‘sexperiencE.WhilesteppingbackwasdifficultformeitwascertainlyagoodfirststepthatIwillquicklyfollowwithmorestepsputtingmyselffarenoughawaytogiveherroombutcloseenoughtohelpifaskeD.AllthewhileIwillberemindingmyselfthatchildrenneedroomtoexperimentgrowandfindtheirownvoices.41.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Manysenselessactivitiescompeteforchildren‘stimenowadays.B.Childrendofindlotsoffuninmanymindlessactivitiestoday.C.Rebeccabenefitsalotfromtheonlinematerialsforherwriting.D.RebeccaismuchtoobusytoenjoyherleisuretimE.42.Whatdidthewritersayaboutherownwritingexperience?A.Shedidnotquiteliveuptoherreputationasawriter.B.Mostofherstorieshadbeenrejectedbypublishers.C.Therearepainsaswellasgainsinherwritingcareer.D.Shecouldnolongerstandanypressurefromwriting.43.WhydidRebeccawanttoenterthisyear‘swritingcontest?A.Shebelievedshepossessedrealtalentforwriting.B.Shesimplyintendedtoshareherstorywithreaders.C.Shewassureofwinningwithhermother‘shelp.D.Shehadwonaprizeinthepreviouscontest.44.FromtheunderlinedpartinParagraph4wecaninferthatthewriter________________.A.hadunconsciouslydonetoomuchwhilecorrectingherdaughter‘sstoryB.hadalreadyofferedpracticalsuggestionsforherdaughter‘sstoryC.hadnearlyreplacedherdaughtertotakepartinthecontestD.hadsuccessfullyturnedherdaughterintoayoungwriter45.What‘sthewriter‘sadviceforparents?A.Parentsshouldsparenoefforttomaketheirchildrensuccessfulwriters.B.Parentsshouldkeepaneyeontheactivitiestheirchildrenengagein.C.Childrenshouldbegivenproperguidancetobecomemoreexcellent.D.ChildrenshouldbeallowedmorefreedomtogrowthroughexperiencE.
Desertsarefoundwherethereislittlerainfallorwhererainforawholeyearfallsinonlyafewweeks'timE.Teninchesofrainmaybeenoughformanyplantstosurvive存活iftherainisspreadthroughouttheyearIfitfallswithinoneortwomonthsandtherestoftheyearisdrythoseplantsmaydieandadesertmayform.Sandbeginsastinypiecesofrockthatgetsmallerandsmalleraswindandweatherwearthemdown.Sanddunes沙丘areformedaswindsmovethesandacrossthedesert.BitbybitthedunesgrowovertheyearsalwaysmovingwiththewindsandchangingtheshapE.Mostofthemareonlyafewfeettallbuttheycangrowtobeseveralhundredfeethigh.Thereishowevermuchmoretoadesertthansand.InthedesertsofthesouthwesternUnitedStatescliffs悬崖anddeepvalleyswereformedfromthickmudthatoncelaybeneathaseamorethanmillionsofyearsago.Overthecenturiesthewaterdriedup.Windsandrainheatandcoldallworeawayattheremainingrocks.Thefacesofthedesertmountainsarealwayschanging–-veryveryslowly---astheseforcesofnaturecontinuetoworkontherock.MostdesertshaveasurprisingvarietyoflifE.Thereareplantsanimalsandinsectsthathaveadaptedtolifeinthedesert.DuringtheheatofthedayavisitormayseeveryfewsignsoflivingthingsbutastheairbeginstocoolintheeveningthedesertcomestolifE.Asthesunbeginstoriseagainintheskythedesertonceagainbecomesquietandlonely.4.Manyplantsmaysurviveindesertswhen_____________.A.itisdryalltheyearroundB.therainfallsonlyinafewweeksC.thereislittleraininayearD.therainisspreadoutinayear5.Sanddunesareformedwhen_____________.A.sandpilesupgraduallyB.thereisplentyofraininayearC.theseahasdriedupovertheyearsD.piecesofrockgetsmaller6.Theunderlinedsentenceinthethirdparagraphprobablymeansthatinadesertthereis____________.A.toomuchsandB.moresandthanbeforeC.nothingexceptsandD.somethingelsebesidessand7.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatinadesert____________.A.thereisnorainfallthroughouttheyearB.lifeexistsinroughconditionsC.allsanddunesareafewfeethighD.rocksarewornawayonlybywindandheat
A.loyalcathasbeenbringinghisownersmallgiftseverydayinashowofaffection.Afterallthecat’sownerhasbeendeadforoverayear.Toldo—acute3-year-oldblackandwhitecatlivesinMontagnananorthernItaly.Toldohasbeenvisitinghisowner—IozzelliRenzowhodiedonSeptember222013aged71—everydayforthepastyearandleavingsmallpresentsatthegravE.Thegiftsusuallyconsistofleavessticksplasticcupsorpapertowels.EventodayIwenttothecemeterywithToldo.OnthewaybacksomeoneIknowtoldmethecathasalreadybeenthereearlythismorningRenzo’swifeAdatoldtheCorriereFiorentino.NeighborshavealsoseenToldowanderingaroundthecemeterythroughtheday.Itstartedthedayofthefuneralwhenthecatfollowedthecoffinfromthehousetothecemetery.ThenextmorningAdawenttothegraveagain.WewenttothecemeterywithmydaughterandfoundafloweronthegravE.IimmediatelythoughtthatitwasthecatbutmydaughterwasconvincedthatIwasjustinaveryemotionalstateatthatmoment.ShetoldthenewssourcE.ThatnighthoweverRenzo’ssonreturnedtothecemeteryandfoundToldostandingguardatthegravE.AdasaysthatherlatehusbandsharedaparticularlystrongbondwithToldo—he’dadoptedthecatfromacatcolonywhenhewasjust3monthsolD.UnfortunatelynoteveryonebelievesinthemovingrelationshipbetweenToldoandhisowner.Adasaidthatpeopleoftentrytodrivethecataway.ThereareinsensitivepeoplewhosendhimawaywithstonesorotherthingsconvincedthatthepresenceofananimalinthecemeteryisnotgooD.ShetoldthenewssourcE.StillToldocontinuestovisitthegraveeveryday.21.Whydoesthecattakesomegiftsforhisowner?A.Thecatlikessmallgiftsverymuch.B.ThecatwantstobepraisedbypeopleC.Thecatwantstoshowhislovefortheowner.D.Thecat’sownerhasbeendeadforoverayear.22.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Thecathasbeentothecemeterysincethedayofthefuneral.B.ThecatiswelcometothecemeterybyallpeoplearounD.C.Toldowaslovedbyhisownerverymuch.D.ToldowasadoptedataveryyoungagE.23.Somepeopletrytodrivethecatawaybecause_____.A.thegiftswhichToldobringsinwillmakethecemeterydirty.B.theybelievethatthecatisnotagoodanimal.C.theythinkacatshouldnotappearinthecemetery.D.theythinkthereisnoneedtoguardatthegravE.
EveniftreescannotwalktheyarestillonthemovE.InpartsoftheArcticentireforestsaremovingnorthwarD.AcrosstheArctictemperaturesarerisingfasterthananywhereelseintheworlD.Asthathappensthetreelinethatmarkswhereforestsstopandthetreelesstundra冻土地带startshasbeenshiftingnorthwarD.TreesgrowingalongthetreelinemustprotectthemselvesfromthecoldwinD.Todothisplantstendtogrowhorizontal水平的brancheslowtothegrounD.Theenergyittakesfortreestogrowthiswaymeanstheydon'thaveenoughenergytomakeseeds.ButasEarth'sclimatehasbeenwarmingtreesnolongerhavetojustgrowhorizontally.Manycaninsteadgrowuptowardthesky.Thistakeslessenergy.Andwithalltheleftoverenergy.thesetreeshavestartedproducingmoreseeds.Thishappensespeciallyinplaceswherethewhitespruce白云杉grows.WhitesprucewhichisaNorthAmericantreeisquiteabletoproducealotofseedswhichcanmovelongdistancesinthewinD.Whenwind-blownseedsenduponthetundrabeyondthetreelinetheyeventuallycansprout发芽newtrees.ThisexplainshowaforestcanmovE.Ofcoursetheprocesswouldworkonlyifthetundrawerewarmenough.Butinrecentyearsthewholeplanethasbeenwarming.Newtreeswillprovidesheltersforsomesnowkeepingthesun’sraysfrommakingthewhitesurfacedisappear.Insteadthetreesabsorbthesun'sheat.Thiswarmsthesurroundingair.Theextrawarmthencouragesevenmoretreestoproduceseeds.Thatfurtherboostsaforest'sabilitytoexpanD.Inadditionmoretreeswilltrapmoresnowpreventingmuchofitfrombeingblownaway.Snowcantrapheatinthesoilbelowwhichencouragestreestogrow.Therecentriseoftemperaturehashelpedmoretreesgrow.TherecentriseoftemperatureshashelpedmoretreesgrowpastthetreelinE.Peopleworryaboutimpactsontheanimalsthatdependonfrozenconditionsforfoodandshelter.25.WhatisthemaincauseofthetreesintheArcticmovingnorthward?A.TherisingtemperaturE.B.TheshrinkingofnortherntundrA.C.ThefierceandcoldwinD.D.Theabundantresourcesinthenorth.26.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordthisinParagraph2mean?A.Toproducemoreseeds.B.TomovenorthwardC.TorespondtotheclimatechangE.D.ToprotectthemselvesfromthecoldwinD.27.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Newtreescantrapthesnowwhichmaymakethesoilcolder.B.Thetrappedsnowpreventsnewtreesfromproducingmoreseeds.C.Newtreescanmakethesurroundingairwarmer.D.Newtreescanbringmorefoodandshelterforlocalanimals.28.Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom_______.A.ahealthreportB.asciencereportC.afashionmagazineD.achildren'smagazine
SongbirdsintheUSaregettingsmallerandclimatechangeissuspectedasthecausE.Inbiologyaruleofthumbisthatanimalstendtobecomesmallerinwarmerclimates.ThisisknownasBergmann'sRuleandmeansthatanimalspecieslivingaboveacertainlatitudeoraltitudetendtobeslightlylargerthanthosebelow.Forexampleindividualslivingatmorenorthernlatitudesorhigherupcoolermountainsareslightlylargerthanthosebelow.Doesthismeanthatthesizesofanimalswillbeaffectedbyclimatechange?TofindoutDr.JoshVanBuskirkandotherscientistsdecidedtoevaluatethesizesofhundredsofthousandsofbirdsthatpassedthroughPennsylvaniA.Thesebirdsbelongedt0102speciesandarrivedindifferentseasons.EachwasweighedandhadthelengthofitswingsmeasureD.Whattheyfoundwasstriking.Of83speciescaughtduringspringmigration60havebecomesmalleroverthe46-yearstudyperiodweighinglessandhavingshorterwings.Ofthe75speciesmigratinginautumn66havebecomesmaller.Insummer510f65breedingspecieshavesimilarlyreducedinsizeashave200utof26winteringspecies.TheheadlinefindingisthatmanyspeciesofNorthAmericanbirdsmostlysongbirdsaregraduallybecomingsmallersaysDr.Buskirk.Howevertheirpopulationsarenotfalling.ManyofthesespeciesareapparentlydoingjustfinebuttheindividualbirdsaregraduallybecomingsmallernonethelesssaysDr.Buskirk.ThissuggeststhatbirdspeciesinNorthAmericaareobeyingBergmann'sRulebyevolvingtobecomesmallerastemperaturesincreasE.Whetherthetrendwillhaveanylong-termconsequenceisunclear.InoneobvioussensetheconsequencesarepositivesaysDr.Buskirk.Thatisastemperaturesbecomehighertheoptimal最佳的bodysizeisasmalleronE.32.Bergmann'sRulesaysthat_A.thewarmeritisthesmallertheanimalwillbeB.thecolderitisthestrongertheanimalwillbeC.thehigheranimalslivethesmallertheywillbeD.theloweranimalslivethebiggertheywillbe33.Howdidthescientistsstudythebirds?A.Bycountingtheirnumbers.B.Byweighingandmeasuringthem.C.Bykeepingtrackofspecificones.D.ByanalyzingtheirbodystructurE.34.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmayDr.Buskirkagreewith?A.Thepopulationsofmanyspeciesarefalling.B.ThebodysizesofsomespecieshaveremainedunchangeD.C.SomespecieswillbenefitfromthechangeofbodysizE.D.Manyspeciesarebecomingheavier.35.Themainideaofthetextisthatclimatechangeis____.A.goodforbirdsB.endangeringbirdsC.causingbirdstoadapttotheirhabitatsD.makingbirdssmallerinNorthAmerica
Amachinethattakessweat-ladenclothesandturnsthemoisture分子intodrinkingwaterisinuseinSweden.Thedevicespinsandheatsthematerialtoremovethesweatandthenpassesthevaporthroughaspecialmembrane膜designedtoonlyletwatermoleculesgetthrough.SinceitsMondaylaunchitscreatorssaymorethan1000peoplehavedrunkothers’sweath汗液inGothenburg.Theyaddtheliquidiscleanerthanlocaltapwater.ThedevicewasbuiltfortheUnitedNation'schild-focusedcharityUNICEFtopromoteacampaignhighlightingthefactthat780millionpeopleintheworldlackaccesstocleanwater.ThemachinewasdesignedandbuiltbyengineerAndreasHammarknownlocallyforhisappearancesonTVtechshowMekatronik.HesaidthecriticalpartofthesweatmachinewasanewwaterpurificationcomponentdevelopedbyacompanynamedHVRincollaborationwithSweden'sRoyalInstituteofTechnology.Itusesatechniquecalledmembranedistillation膜蒸馏hetoldtheBBC.Weuseasubstancethat'sabitlikeGortexthatonlyletssteamthroughbutkeepsbacteriasaltsclothingfibersandothersubstancesout.TheyhavesomethingsimilarontheInternationalSpaceStationtotreatastronaut'surine尿液-butourmachinewascheapertobuilD.VolunteershavebeensamplingthetreatedsweatsincethestartoftheweekinGothenburg.Theamountofwateritproducesdependsonhowsweatythepersonis-butoneperson'sT-shirttypicallyproduces10mlroughlyamouthful.TheequipmenthasbeenputonshowattheGothiaCup-theworld'slargestinternationalyouthfootballtournament.MattiasRongechiefexecutiveofStockholm-basedadvertisingagencyDeportivo-whichorganizedthestunt惊人的表演-saidthemachinehadhelpedraiseawarenessforUNICEFbutinrealityhaditslimitations.Peoplehaven'tproducedasmuchsweataswehoped-rightnowtheweatherinGothenburgislousyhesaiD.Sowe'veinstalledexercisebikesalongsidethemachineandvolunteersarecyclinglikecrazy.Evensothedemandforsweatisgreaterthanthesupply.Andthemachinewillneverbemassproduced-therearebettersolutionsouttheresuchaswaterpurifyingpills.29.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?_______.A.Thewaterprocessedbythemachineiscleanerthanlocaltapwater.B.Themachinecanhelpraiseawarenessoflackingwaterintheworld.C.ThemachineischeaperthanthesimilaroneontheInternationalSpaceStationD.Theamountofwaterthemachineproducesisroughlyamouthful.30.Whatisthemainideaofthefifthparagraph?A.Howthemachineworks.B.WhodevelopedthemachinE.C.HowthemachinewasinventeD.D.WhythemachinewasinventeD.31.WhatdoesMattiasRongethinkofthemachine?____A.ThemachinecansolvetheseverewatershortageintheworlD.B.PeopledonotlikethewaterthemachineprocessesC.Themachineshouldbeusedinratherhotareasinsummer.D.Themachineisnotworthpopularizing.
Asweallknoweversincetheywerefirstputonthemarketintheearly1990sgeneticallymodifiedGM转基因foodshavebeenincreasinglydevelopedandmarketedinmanycountriesintheworldmainlyonthebasisoftheirpromisetoendtheworldwidefoodcrisis.ButcanGMtechnologysolveworldhungerproblems?Evenifitwouldisitthebestsolution?DespitewhatitpromisesGMtechnologyactuallyhasnotincreasedtheproductionpotentialofanycrop.InfactstudiesshowthatthemostwidelygrownGMcropGMsoybeanshassufferedreducedproductivity.ForinstanceareportthatanalyzednearlytwodecadesofresearchonmajorGMfoodcropsshowsthatGMengineeringhasfailedtosignificantlyincreaseUScropproduction.SomethingelsehoweverhasbeenontheriseWhileGMseedsareexpensiveGMcompaniestellfarmersthattheywillmakegoodprofitsbysavingmoneyonpesticides杀虫剂.OnthecontraryUSgovernmentdatashowthatGMcropsintheUShaveproducedanoverallincreaseinpesticideusecomparedtotraditionalcrops.Thepromisewasthatyoucoulduselesschemicalsandboostproduction.ButneitheristruesaidBillChristisonPresidentoftheUSNationalFarmCoalition.AtthesametimetheauthorsofthebookWorldHunger:TwelveMythsarguethatthereactuallyismorethanenoughfoodintheworldandthatthehungercrisisisnotcausedbyproductionbutbyproblemsinfooddistributionandpolitics.Theseindeeddeserveoureffortsandmoney.Meanwhiletheriseinfoodpricesresultsfromtheincreaseduseofcropsforfuelratherthanfoodaccordingtoa2008WorldBankreport.AsamatteroffactscientistsseebetterwaystofeedtheworlD.AnotherWorldBankreportconcludedthatGMcropshavelittletooffertothechallengesofworldwidepovertyandhungerbecausebetterwaysoutareavailableamongwhichgreenfarmingissupposedtobethefirstchoicE.67.Theauthordevelopsthesecondparagraphmainly.A.byclassificationB.bycomparisonC.byexampleD.byprocess68.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordboostinthethirdparagraphprobablymean?A.control.B.evaluateC.increaseD.obtain.69.GMcompaniespromisefarmersthattheywillbenefitfrom______________.A.useoflesschemicalsB.practicinggreenfarmingC.fairdistributionoftheircropsD.usingmorecropsforfuel70.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeoftheauthortowardsGMtechnology?A.OptimisticB.DefensiveC.CasualD.Disapproving
500dogownersplayedthesamegamesathonethatresearchersuseinthelaboratoryandcontributeddatatoastudyofwhatgoesoninsidethemindsoftheirdogs.Inoneofthegame-liketeststhedogswatchedastheirownerhidfoodunderoneoftwocups.Thenwhilethedog'eveswerecoveredtheownerswitchedthefoodtotheothercup.AndtheownersfoundthatmostdogswenttowheretheylastsawthefooD.Theresulthasbeenrepeatedinsevendifferentresearchgroupsandmorethanadozendifferentstudies.MostpeoplethinkdogsusetheirsenseofsmellforeverythingaresearchersaiD.Butactuallydogsuseawholerangeofsenseswhensolvingproblems.ThedatawerecollectedthroughawebsitecalledDognilion.comthatwasdevelopedbyBrianHareanassociateprofessorwhostudiesdogcognition认知.AnalysisoftheunusuallylargedatasetcreatedbyDognitionhasalsofoundthatalldogshaveauniquesetofcognitive认知的skillsthattheyusetodealwiththeworldaroundthem.Somedogswerefoundtobegoodcommunicatorssomehadbettermemoriesandotherswerebetterattakingtheirowners'perspectivE.MostpeoplethinkofintelligenceasaglassthatismoreorlessfullHaresaiD.Butintelligenceismorelikeicecream.Everybodyhasdifferentflavors.Beinggoodatonethingdoesn’tmeanyouwillbegoodateverythingelsE.Haresaidthesekindsoffindingswereonlypossiblewiththebigdatasetsthatcitizenscientistswereabletooffer.SomuchispossiblewhenyouhavethismuchdataHaresaiD.I.’mlookingforwardtodogownersansweringallthebigquestionsthathavepuzzledscientistsfordecades.32.Whatdidmostdogsusetofindthehiddenfoodinthetest?A.Memory.B.Feeling.C.Ears.D.NosE.33.Dogownersactivelyparticipatedintheresearch_.A.toentertainthemselvesB.totesttheIQoftheirdogsC.totraintheirdogstobemoreintelligentD.tohelpfindoutdogs`problemsolvingskills'34.WhatcanweinferfromwhatHaresaid?A.Intelligenceisuniquetomananddogs.B.Dogsusethesamecognitiveskilltohandleproblems.C.Thereisstillsomethingaboutdogspuzzlingscientists.D.Dogsuseawholerangeofsenseswhensolingproblems.35.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.DogsarenotascleverasexpecteD.B.Citizenscontributealottodogresearch.C.At-hometestsproducefindingsdifferentfromlaboratories.D.ProblemspuzzledscientistsfordecadeshavebeensolveD.
Doyouoftenfeeltiredinthemorningeventhoughyou’vebeeninbedforsevenoreighthoursthenightbefore?LikemanypeopleyouarenotsleepingasmuchasyouthinkyouarE.InotherwordsyoursleepefficiencyisnotthatgooD.Sleepexpertsdefinesleepefficiencyasthepercentageoftimelyingdownthatyouareactuallysleeping.AccordingtojournalismwebsiteVox.comthescienceofsleepefficiencyisstillyoung.Thereisnospecificnumberforefficiencythat’sbeenprovenaslinkedtopoorhealth.HoweveraccordingtoaNewYorkTimesreportaboutsleepqualitysomeexpertsestimatearoughrangeof85percentoraboveasareasonableplacetobE.Thereforesometipsforimprovingsleepefficiencyareasfollows:Keepaconsistent一致的sleepscheduleGotobedandwakeupatthesametimeorrelativelythesametimeeveryday.Consistencyiskeytoagoodnight’ssleepespeciallywhenitcomestowakingup.Whenyouhaveaconsistentwake-uptimeyourbrainadaptstothisandmovesthroughthesleepcycleinpreparationforyoutofeelrestedandalertatyourwakeuptimE.AvoidbluelightatnightBluelightgivenoffbythescreensofcomputersiPadsandsmartphonesmakesyoufeelmorealert.Bluelighttellsyourbrainit’sdaytimE.Expertssuggestturningoffyourcomputersandsmartphones1houroratleast30minutesbeforebeD.TakenapsIfyouaren’tgettingenoughsleepatnightyou’relikelygoingtofeelastrongdesiretosleepintheafternoon.Whenthishappensyou’rebetterofftakingashortnapthanturningtocaffeineorstrongteatokeepyouawakE.A.shortnapwillgiveyoutherestyouneedtogetthroughtherestoftheafternoonandyou’llsleepmuchbetterintheevening.21.Accordingtothepassagewecanlearnthatsleepefficiency.A.isanadvancedwaytomeasuresleepqualityB.hascloserelationshipwiththestateofhealthC.isdecidedbythetimeyouarelyinginbedD.canbegreatlyimprovedwithcertainmeasurestaken22.Whichofthefollowingmaycontributetoabettersleepintheevening?A.Takingalongafternoonnap.B.SleepingforawhileinthedaytimE.C.Havingafixedgo-to-bedtimE.D.Avoidingbluelightintheevening.23.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageA.Enoughsleepwillleadtoachangeablewake-uptimE.B.Bluelightwillaffectthesleepduetoitsharmtothebrains.C.Wakinguptwohoursbeforethebodyclocksmeansgoodsleepefficiency.D.90%forsleepefficiencycanpossiblymeanaquitegoodsleepstatE.24.Whatwillbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.ScheduleyourbedtimE.B.Sleepwelltobewell.C.Ensurelongsleepinghours.D.Knowmoreaboutyoursleep.
Theregularuseoftextmessagesande-mailscanlowertheIQmorethantwiceasmuchassmokingmarijuana大麻.Thatisthestatementofresearcherswhohavefoundthattappingawayonamobilephoneorcomputerkeypadorcheckingforelectronicmessagestemporarilyknocksupto10pointsofftheuser’sIQ.Thisrateofdeclineinintelligencecomparesunfavorablywiththefour-pointdropinIQassociatedwithsmokingmarijuanaaccordingtoBritishresearcherswhohavedescribedthephenomenonofimprovedstupidityasinfomania.TheresearchconductedbyHewlettPackardthetechnologycompanyhasconcludedthatitismainlyaproblemforadultworkersespeciallymen.Itisconcludedthattoomuchuseofmoderntechnologycandamageaperson’sminD.Itcancauseaconstantdistractionofalwaysontechnologywhenemployeesshouldbeconcentratingonwhattheyarepaidtodo.InfomaniameansthattheyloseconcentrationastheirmindsremainfixedinanalmostpermanentstateofreadinesstoreacttotechnologyinsteadoffocusingonthetaskinhanD.ThereportalsoaddedthatinalongtermthebrainwillbeconsiderablyshapedbywhatwedotoitandbytheexperienceofdailylifE.Atamicrocellularlevelthecomplexnetworksofnervecellsthatmakeuppartsofthebrainactuallychangeinresponsetocertainexperiences.Toomuchuseofmoderntechnologycanbedamagingnotonlytoaperson’smindbuttotheirsocialrelationship.1100adultswereinterviewedduringtheresearch.Morethan62percentofthemadmittedthattheywereaddictedtocheckingtheire-mailsandtextmessagessooftenthattheyscrutinizedwork-relatedonesevenwhenathomeoronholiday.Halfsaidthattheyalwaysrespondedimmediatelytoanemailandwilleveninterruptameetingtodoso.Itisconcludedthatinfomaniaisincreasingstressandanxietyandaffectingone’scharacteristics.Nineoutoftenthoughtthatcolleagueswhoanswerede-mailsormessagesduringaface-to-facemeetingwereextremelyrudE.TheeffectsonIQwerestudiedbyDrGlennWilsonapsychologistatUniversityofLondon.ThisisaveryrealandwidespreadphenomenonhesaiD.Wehavefoundthatinfomaniawilldamageaworker’sperformancebyreducingtheirmentalsharpnessandchangingtheirsociallifE.Companiesshouldencourageamorebalancedandappropriatewayofworking.32.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatinfomania______.A.hasapositiveinfluenceonone’sIQB.resultsinthechangeofpartofthebrainC.liesintheproblemoflackofconcentrationD.iscausedbytoomuchuseofmoderntechnology33.Theresearchmentionedinthepassageismostprobablyabout______.A.theimportantfunctionofadvancedtechnologyB.thedamagetoone’sbraindonebyunhealthyhabitsC.therelevancebetweenIQanduseofmoderntechnologyD.therelationshipbetweenintelligenceandworkingeffectiveness34.Theunderlinedwordscrutinizedprobablymeans______.A.examinedcarefullyB.copiedpatientlyC.correctedquicklyD.admittedfreely35.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Theregularuseoftextmessagesande-mailscanbecomparedtosmokingmarijuanA.B.Theregularuseoftextmessagesande-mailscanharmyourIQ.C.Moderntechnologycandamageaperson’sminD.D.Electronicmessageshavesideeffectsontheuser’slifE.
FortyyearsagoFinlandwasasmallcountrywithmediocrepublicschools.TodayFinlandisstillsmallbutnoonecallsFinland’spublicschoolsmediocreanymorE.In2000theFinnssurprisedtheworldwhentheir15-year-oldsscoredatthetopofacloselywatchedinternationalexamcalledthePISA.FinlandhasstayednearthetopeversincewhiletheU.S.scoresaroundthemiddlE.PasiSahlberganofficialwithFinland’sMinistryofEducationandCultureisinSeattlethisweektosharethestoryofFinland’ssuccessandwhatstateslikeWashingtoncanlearnfromit.Sahlberg’smessagealthoughheistoopolitetoputitsobluntly:Stoptestingsomuchtrustteachersmore;givelesshomework;shortentheschoolday.OnTuesdayinaroomfilledwithteachersprincipalsprofessorsschool-boardmembersandpolicymakersSahlbergjokedabouttheFinns’reputationforbeingaquiethumblepeoplE.WhenFinlandhitthetopofthePISAhesaidthebiggestdisbelieverswereFinns.MoreseriouslyFinlandneversetouttocreatetheworld’stopschoolsystem.Insteadhesaidthecountrydecidedinthe1970sthatitwantedtoensurethatastudent’ssuccessdidn’tdependonfamilybackgrounD.Finlandreliedoncooperationamongteachersandschoolsratherthanoncompetition.RatherthanjudgingteachersandschoolsbasedontestscoreshesaidFinlandputstrustinitsteachersandprincipals.TeachersdevelopthecurriculuminFinlandanddesigntheirowntests.Therearenonationaltestsexceptoneattheendofhighschool.That’sjustthestart.AlongwithashorterschooldayFinnishstudentsdon’tevenstartschooluntiltheyare7yearsolD.Manyprimaryschoolshaveapolicyagainstgivinghomework.ButFinlandhesaidsucceededinpartbyadoptingideasfromtheU.S.andothercountries.AndthosecountrieshesaidcanlearnfromFinlandtoo.25.Whatmightbetheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.TointroduceaFinnishofficial.B.TocomparetheeducationsystemsofFinlandandtheUS.C.TosharethestoryofFinland’ssuccessineducation.D.ToasktheUStoimproveitseducation.26.PeoplefirstlearnedFinland’ssuccessineducationfrom_____.A.itsstudents’performanceinaninternationalexam.B.itsinternationalexchangeprorrams.C.lecturesgivenbyPasiSahlberg.D.itssmall-sizedpublicschools.27.WhichofthefollowingcancontributetoFinland’ssuccessineducation?A.Givingstudentsfewertests.B.Givingteachersmoretrust.C.Evaluatingstudents’familybackgrounds.D.Creatingtheworld’stopschoolsystem.E.StartingschoollatE.A.abcB.cdeC.abeD.bcd28.WhatPasiSahlergsaidinParagraph7suggestedthat______.A.childrenshouldstartschoolasearlyaspossiblE.B.competitionamongteachersmightbeharmfultoeducation.C.theUSeducationsystemisstillthemostadvanceD.D.it’snecessarytosetupanationalcurriculum.
Bathsandbathinghavelongbeenconsideredofmedicalimportancetoman.InGreecetherearetheruinsofawatersystemforbathsbuiltover3000yearsago.TheRomanshadwarmpublicbaths.Insomebathsasmany3000personscouldbatheatthesametimE.Treatingdiseasebytakingbathinghasbeenpopularforcenturies.ModernmedicalbathingfirstbecamepopularinEuropeandbythelate1700’shasalsobecomepopularintheUnitedStates.Formanyyearsfrequentbathingwasbelievedtobebadforone’shealth.Ordinarybathingjusttokeepcleanwasavoidedandperfumewasoftenusedtocoverupbodysmells!Bythe1700’sdoctorsbegantosaythatsoapandwaterweregoodforhealth.Theybelievedthatitwasgoodforpeopletobeclean.Slowlypeoplebegantobathemorefrequently.DuringtheVictorianAgeofthelate19thcenturytakingabathonSaturdaynightbecamecommon.IntheUnitedStatesordinarybathingwasslowtobecomepopular.Duringthe18thandearly19thcenturiesmanyAmericanswereknownasTheGreatUnwashed!InoneAmericancityforexampleapersonwasonlyallowedtotakeabatheverythirtydays!Thatwasalaw!Frequencyofbathingtodayispartlyamatterofhabit.Peopleknowthatbathingforcleanlinessisimportanttohealth.Doctorsknowthatdirtybodiesincreasethechanceofdiseases.AsaresultintheUnitedStatespeoplegenerallybatheoften.Somepeoplebatheonceadayatleast.Theyconsideradailybathessentialtogoodhealth.25.Inthe18thcenturydoctorsbelievedthatbeingcleanwas________.A.unimportantB.harmfulC.goodforhealthD.popular26.DuringtheVictorianAge________.A.theBritishpeoplegenerallytookabathonceaweek.B.frequentbathingwasavoidedC.peopleusedperfumetocoverupbodysmellsafterbathingD.theAmericansevertookabatheverythirtydays27.Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.bathingintheUSAB.thegoodpointsandbadpointsofbathingC.themodernmedicalbathingD.thehistoryofbathing
Teenagersareoftenadifficultgroup.Withallthosehormones荷尔蒙floodingtheirbodiestheycanbemoodyunpredictableandtendtomakeuncertainchoices.Buthoweverconfusingtheirteenageyearsarekidscanstillbegenerallyhappydependingontheirlifestylechoices.AccordingtoanewresearchbyBritishscientiststeenswhodon’tsmokedrinkonlymoderatelyornotatallandwhodon’teatmuchjunkfoodarelikelytobehappierthanotherteens.Thestudylookedat40000Britishfamiliesandcameupwithsomeinterestingfindings.Forexamplekidswhoneverdrankalcoholwereuptosixtimesmorelikelytoreporthigherlevelsofhappinessthankidswhodrank.Andteenswhosmokedwerefivetimeslesslikelytoratehighonhappinesschartscomparedtokidswhodon’tsmokE.Samegoesfordietandphysicalactivity.ThemorefruitsandvegetableskidseatandthemorehourstheyspendplayingsportsthehappiertheyarE.Nowofcoursethisdoesn’tmeanthatnotsmokingordrinkingandplayingsportsguaranteeshappiness.Itcouldbethatkidswhohavehappycharactertendtobemoreactiveandlessaddictedtodrinkingorsmoking.AnditcouldequallybethecasethatkidswhoareunhappyaremorerelatedtodrinkingandsmokingandeatingjunkfooD.Otherstudieshaveshownthatexerciseisaprovenwaytotreatanxietyanddepression.Futurestudiesmaysupporttheideathatotherhealthfulbehaviorsincludingrefraining克制fromsmokingdrinkingandeatingtoomuchjunkcanavoidsadnessandincreasehappinesstoo.25.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Notsmokingordrinkingguaranteeshappiness.B.Teenswithfloodinghormonescannotbehappy.C.Playingsportscandecreaseteen’sunhappiness.D.Unhappinesscancertainlyresultinsmokinganddrinking.26.Whichofthefollowingmighthelpteensquitanxiety?A.Smokinganddrinking.B.TakingexercisE.C.EatingjunkfooD.D.Goingonadiet.27.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Waystotreatanxietyanddepression.B.Exerciseandteenagers’health.C.Teenagersshouldn’tdrinkorsmokE.D.Teenagers’lifestyleandtheirhappiness.
Anearthquakeisatremblingorshakingofthegroundcausedbythesuddenrelease释放ofenergystoredintherocksbelowthesurfacE.Generallyearthquakeslastonlyseconds.Stronggroundshakingduringamediumtolargeearthquakegenerallylastsabout10to30seconds.After-shocks余震canoccuronceinawhileforweeksorevenmonths.Manypeoplethinkthatthereisanearthquakeseasonorakindofearthquakeweather.Asamatteroffactthereisn’t.Earthquakescanoccuratanytimeoftheyearandatanytimeofthedayornight.Earthquakesoccurunderallweatherconditions—sunnywethotorcold—withoutanyspecialweathertendency倾向.Alsoyoudon’tneedtoworryaboutthatthegroundwillopenupandswallowpeoplewhenearthquakesoccur.Opengroundcracksmayformduringanearthquake—relatedforexampletolandslidingorgroundfalling;howeversuchcrackstendtobeopengaps间隙theydon’tswallowthatapersoncouldstandinafterwards.Thesafestplaceinanearthquakeisinanopenfieldwherenothingcanfallonyou.Earthquakesdonotinjureorkillpeoplebutbuildingsandfallingobjectsdo.Ifyouareindoorswhenyoufeelthegroundstarttoshaketakecoverimmediatelyunderatableorstrongpieceoffurnitureplacingsomethingbetweenfallingobjectsandyourself.Donotattempttousethestairsoranelevatortogetoutofthebuilding.29.Thereasonwhythereisn’tearthquakeweatheristhat______.A.anearthquakeonlylastssecondsanddoesn’thappenfrequentlyB.earthquakesdon’tchangewiththeseasonsC.whenanearthquakehappensisrelatedtotheweatherD.anearthquakecanhappenatanytimeandinanykindofweather30.TheunderlinedwordswallowinParagraph3probablymeans________.A.makesB.frightenedB.takesB./sth.inC.makeroomforsB.tostandinD.makethegroundslide31.DuringanearthquakewhichofthefollowingthingsshouldyouNOTdo?A.FindanopenfieldandstaytherE.B.Takeanelevator.C.TakecoverunderatablE.D.Stayawayfrombuildings.32.Thepurposeofwritingthispassageisto______.A.tellpeoplewhatanearthquakeisB.argueiftherereallyisearthquakeweatherC.tellusabouttheearthquakeandwhattodowhenithappensD.giveussomesuggestionsonwhattododuringanearthquake
SixSigmaisaprocessthathelpscompaniesfocusondevelopinganddeliveringnear-perfectproductsandservices.Thewordsigmaisastatisticaltermthatmeasureshowfaragivenprocessfallsshortofperfection.ThecentralideabehindSixSigmaisthatifacompanycanmeasurehowmanydefectstheyhaveinacommercialproductionprocesstheycansystematicallyfigureouthowtogetridoftheproblemsandgetasclosetozerodefectsaspossible.TrainingandteamworkarefundamentalelementsoftheSixSigmamethodology.InotherwordscompaniesneedtohavetheirteamleadersandteammemberstrainedtocarryouttheSixSigmaprocesses.Theymustlearntousethemeasurementandimprovementtools.Theyalsoneedtolearncommunicationskillsnecessaryforthemtoinvolvecustomersandsuppliersandtoservetheirneeds.SixSigmawasdevelopedin1986byMotorolaanAmericantelecommunicationscompany.EngineersinMotorolauseditasaninformalnameforaplantoreducefaultsinproductionprocesses.AfewyearslaterMotorolaextendedthenameSixSigmatomeanageneralperformanceimprovementmethodbeyondpurelydefectreductionintheproductionprocess.In1995JackWelchCEOofGeneralElectricsGEdecidedtoadoptSixSigmainGEandby1998GEclaimedthatSixSigmahadbroughtaboutoverthree-quartersofabilliondollarsofcostsavings.By2000SixSigmawaseffectivelyestablishedasanindustryinitsownrightinvolvingthetrainingconsultancyandpracticingofSixSigmamethodologyinallsortsoforganizationsaroundtheworld.Organizationsasdiverseaslocalgovernmentsprisonshospitalsthearmedforcesbanksandmulti-nationalcorporationshavebeenadoptingSixSigmaforqualityandprocessimprovement.32.AccordingtothepassagewhatisSixSigma?A.Adigitaldevicetospeedupproductionprocesses.B.Asetoftechniquesforqualityandprocessimprovement.C.Aprogramfortrainingbusinessleadersandemployees.D.Anear-perfectprocessinbusinesscommunication.33.TheunderlinedworddefectsinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A.faultsB.ideasC.measuresD.products34.WhichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofParagraph2?A.Teamleadersareresponsiblefortraining.B.Measurementandimprovementtoolsmustbeused.C.It’snecessarytolearncommunicationskills.D.It’simportanttohaveawell-trainedteam.35.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.SixSigmawasinventedbyJackWelch.B.SixSigmahasexistedforabout30years.C.GeneralElectricsbegantoadoptSixSigmain1998.D.SixSigmaisadoptedonlybyinternationalcorporations.
Londonhasbecomeacycle-friendlyzoneafterthelaunch启动ofanewbikehireschemE.IthasbeendesignedtoencouragemorepeopletocycleinandaroundcentralLondon.SohowdoesitworkFirstyouhavetosignuptotheschemetobesentakey.Thekeywillunlockoneofthebikeswhicharekeptatdockingstations系泊系统inandaroundcentralLondon.YouhavetopayanaccessfeeforthekeyandthenyoupayasyougoforthelengthoftimeyouusethebikE.TransportforLondonwhichrunstheschemearehopingtohave6000bikesand400dockingstationsinplacebytheendoftheyear.ThenewhiresystemishopingtoeasetrafficjamsinLondonandisexpectedtocreateupto40000extracycletripsadayintothecitycentrE.LondonMayorBorisJohnstonlaunchedtheschemeandsaidLondonhasbeenfilledwiththousandsofgleaming闪闪发光的machinesthatwilltransformthelookandfeelofourstreetandbecomeascommonplaceonourroadsasblackcabsandredbuses.HowevertherehavebeenafewproblemssincetheschemewaslaunchedlastFriday.Onthefirstdaysomepeoplefoundtheycouldn’tdocktheirbikeproperlyandtheirusageofthebikehadnotregistereD.TransportforLondondidadmittheyhadbeenexpectingafewteethingproblemsandhavesaidtheywouldnotchargeforthefirstdayasagestureofgoodwill.Someotherpeoplehavecriticizedthelackofdockingstationsandlocksforthebikesaswellasthepriceitcoststohirethebicycles.Despitethecommentsthegreen-thinkingLondonMayorstillsayswithcertaintyMycrusadeforthecapitaltobecomethegreatestbigcyclingcityintheworldhastakenagreatpedal-poweredpushforwards.21.WhatistheaimofthenewbikehireschemeinLondon?A.TopromotethebicycleindustryinLondon.B.TomakeLondonseemmorefriendly.C.ToreducetheairpollutioninLondonD.TorelievethetrafficprobleminLondon.22.WhatisNottheproblemhappeningsincetheschemewascarriedout?A.Peoplecouldn’tfindtheregisteredbicycles.B.Somepeoplecouldn’tdockbikesproperly.C.Dockingstationisnotenoughatall.D.Thechargesforhiringbikesaretoohigh.23.Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseprobablymean?A.Difficultiesincarryingoutaplan.B.CriticismfromallthepeoplE.C.Toothdecaysorothertoothdiseases.D.Quarrelsfrombothsides.24.LondonMayor’sattitudetowardsthenewbikehireschemeisprobably__________.A.doubtfulB.optimisticC.indifferentD.critical
HumansmaynothavelandedonMars火星justyetbutthatisn’tstoppingaEuropeancompanyfromdevisingaplantosendfourpeopletotheRedPlanetwithinthenextfewyears.ThisprojectcalledMarsOneaimstosendasmallgroupofpeopletoMarsin2022andeventuallyestablishapermanentcolony殖民地ontheplanet.EverythingweneedtogotoMarsexistssaidMarsOneco-founderBasLansdorpinMarch2014.WehavetherocketstosendpeopletoMarstheequipmenttolandonMarstherobotstopreparethesettlementforhumans.Foraone-waymission任务allthetechnologyexists.YetthefourastronautschosenforthetripwillbestuckonMars—forever.AnddespiteMarsOne’sthoroughplanningthereareanumberofchallengesthatmaypreventthemissionfromevertakingplacE.Thebiggestroadblockcouldbethemission’shugecost$6billion.HoweverLansdorpisconfidentthatMarsOnewillbeabletofundtheprojectbysellingthebroadcastrightsforthemissionandsubsequentexperienceslivingontheplanet.ThosebroadcastrightswillalsoplayapartinhelpingtoselectthepeoplewhowillbesenttoMars.Lansdorpsaidthecompanywillholdaselectionprocesssimilartoarealityshow.Lansdorpisexpectingatleast1millionapplicationsfrompeoplearoundtheworlD.Inadditiontothecostseveralotherpotentialproblemscouldinhibit阻止themissiontoMars.It’sevenmorechallengingtosendpeopletherewithlifesupportwithfoodwithairwithalltheotherthingslikebooksentertainmentmeansofcommunicationandofprovidingfortheirownresourcesforalongstayonMarssaidAdamBakerseniorlecturerinspaceengineeringatKingstonUniversityinLondon.Thesizeoftherocketsyou’dneedtodothiswouldbeabsolutelycolossal.33.AccordingtoBasLansdorpwhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A.Robotsarepreparedforthesettlementforhumans.B.HecouldnotcomeupwiththefundforMarsOnE.C.WehumanshavetherocketstosendpeopletoMars.D.TheequipmentisreadyforhumanstolandonMars.34.Thewordcolossalinthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto___________.A.verylargeB.verysmallC.mediumD.average35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.ReadyforaRoundTriptoMarsB.ReadyforaShortVisittoMarsC.ReadyforaOne-wayTriptoMarsD.ReadyforaWalkonMars
NEVERbeforehasthewholeworldbeensounitedinthefaceofdanger.Morethan190countriesparticipatedintheUnitedNationsClimateChangeConferenceheldinParisFrancefromNov30toDec11.Theytriedtoreachabindingagreementonreducinggreenhousegasemissions排放alsoknownascarbonemissionsafter2020.ThegasessuchasCO2aremainlyresponsibleforclimatechangE.AsthebiggestdevelopingcountryintheworldChinawasnotabsent.Ithaspromisedtoreachpeakcarbondioxideemissionsby2030orsoonerreduceitscarbonemissionsperunitofGDPby60-65percentfromthe2005levelby2030andincreasetheshareofnon-fossil非化石的fuelsinitsprimaryenergyto20percentby2030.ThisisasignthatChinahaschangedfromapassiveparticipanttoanactivebuildercommentedChinaDaily.AsalargeproducerofgreenhousegasesChinawasonapathofcarbon-intensive高碳的developmentforalongtimE.ButoverthepastfewyearsChinahastriedtochangetosustainabledevelopment.Chinaintroduceditscleanerenergymodelin2007callingittheecologicalcivilizationplan.Thismodelwasmadeintoaconcretegoalforthe13thFive-YearPlan2016-2020.ForChinamovingtoalow-carboneconomyandreachingitsgoalsisamust.ThereisnoplanBZouJiaprofessorattheNationaiCenterforClimateChangeStrategytoldChinaDaily.TomakethechangeChinahasbeendevelopingnewenergysources.In2014itspentaround$115billion724.5billionyuanonsolarandwindpowerandotherkindsofrenewableenergyputtingitfaraheadoftheEuropeanUnionandtheUnitedStatesforinvestment.LastyearsawChina’suseofcoalgodownforthefirsttimE.Thechangeisn’tonlyhappeningatgovernmentlevel.OrdinarypeoplehavealsobecomemoreawareoftheneedtoprotecttheenvironmentandcontrolclimatechangE.LastyearthefirstreportonChinesepeople’sawarenessofecologicalcivilizationwasreleasedbytheMinistryofEnvironmentalProtection.Thereportshowedthatpeople’sawarenessofsmog雾霾biodiversity生物多样性andenvironmentalprotectionlawswereallabove80percent.EverydayenvironmentallyfriendlybehaviorssuchasusingpaperorreusableshoppingbagsinsteadofplasticoneshavealsobecomeroutineformanypeoplE.ThisgrowingpublicconcernhasledthegovernmenttointroducemoreambitiouspoliciesJanosPasztortheUN’sassistantsecretary-generalonclimatechangetoldChinaDaily.ButwewillneedactionfromallpartsofsocietyincludinggovernmentbusinessesandthepublictobuildatrulysustainablefuturE.32.Theunderlinedwordprobablymeans____________.A.connectedB.obeyedbylawC.compromisedD.united33.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?A.Chinaisthelargestcountrywhichproducescarbonemissions.B.ChinaisapassiveparticipantofUnitedNationsClimateChangeConferencE.C.Chinaistryingtousesomerenewableenergyinsteadofcoal.D.Thereare80%reportsaboutpeople’sawarenessofsmogbiodiversityandenvironmentalprotectionlawinChinA.34.Whichofthefollowingmightbebesttitle?A.SmogbecomesseriousB.WorldfightsagainstclimatechangeasoneC.ChinaworkshardtofightsmogD.Peoplecallforactiontochangetheworld35.Wherecanyoureadthispassage?A.Inasciencebook.B.Onameetingreporting.C.Inahistorybook.D.Inanewspaper.
HuntingThedaysofthehunterarealmostoverinIndiA.Thisispartlybecausethereispracticallynothinglefttokillandpartlybecausesomestepshavebeentakenmainlybybanningtiger-shootingtoprotectthoseanimalswhichstillsurvivE.SomepeoplesaythatManisnaturallyahunter.Idisagreewiththisview.Surelyoutearliestforefatherswhoatfirstpossessednoweaponsspenttheirtimediggingforrootsandwerenodoubtthemselvesoftenhuntedbymeat-eatinganimals.Ibelievethemainreasonwhythemodernhunterkillsisthathethinkspeoplewilladmirehiscourageinoverpoweringdangerousanimals.OfcoursetherearesomewhotrulybelievethatthekillingisnotreallytheimportantthingandthatthechiefpleasureliesinthejoyofthehuntandthebeautiesofthewildcountrysidE.Therearealsothoseforwhomhuntinginfactoffersachancetoprovethemselvesandriskdeathbydesign;thesemengooutafterdangerousanimalsliketigerseveniftheysaytheyonlydoittoridthecountrysideofathreat.Icanrespectreasonslikethesebuttheyareclearlydifferentfromtheneedtostrengthenyourhighopinionofyourself.Thegreatestbig-gamehuntersexpressedintheirwritingssomethingofthesefinermotives动机.OneofthemwrotE.Youmustproperlyrespectwhatyouareafterandshootitcleanlyandontheanimal’sownterritory领地Youmustfixforeverinyourmindallthewondersofthatparticularday.ThisisbetterthanlettinghimgrowafewyearsoldertobeattackedandwoundedbyhisownsonandeventuallyeatenhalfalivebyotheranimalsHuntingisnotacruelandsenselesskilling–notifyourespectthethingyoukillnotifyoukilltoenrichyourmemoriesnotifyoukilltofeedyourpeoplE.Icanunderstandsuchbeliefsandcancomparethesehunterswiththosewhohuntedlionswithspears矛andbravelycaughtthembythetail.Butthisisverydifferentfrommanytiger—shootsIhaveseeninwhichmodernweaponswereuseD.Theso—calledhuntersfiredfromtalltreesorfromthebacksoftrainedelephants.Suchmethodsmadetigersseemnomoredangerousthanrabbits.25.ThereisnomorehuntinginIndianowpartlybecause___.A.itisdangeroustohuntthereB.huntingisalreadyoutofdateC.hunterswanttoprotectanimalsD.therearefewanimalslefttohunt26.Theauthorthinksmodernhunterskillmainly____.A.tomakethecountrysidesafeB.toearnpeople’sadmirationC.togainpowerandinfluenceD.toimprovetheirhealth27.Whatdowelearnaboutthebig-gamehunters?A.TheyhuntoldanimalsB.TheymistreatanimalsC.TheyhuntforfoodD.Theyhuntformoney28.Whatistheauthor’sviewonthetiger-shootshehasseen?A.Modernhunterslackthecouragetohuntface-to-faceB.ModernhuntersshouldusemoreadvancedweaponsC.ModernhuntersliketohuntrabbitsinsteadoftigersD.Modernhuntersshouldputtheirsafetyfirst
Satellites卫星areanimportantpartofourordinarylives.Forexampletheinformationforweatherforecastsissentbysatellite.SomesatelliteshavecameraswhichtakephotographsoftheEarthtoshowhowcloudsaremoving.Satellitesarealsousedtoconnectourinternationalphonecalls.ComputerconnectionsoftheWorldWideWebandInternetalsousesatellites.ManyofourTVprogramscometousthroughsatellites.Airplanepilotsalsosometimesuseasatellitetohelpthemfindtheirexactlocation.Weusesatellitestosendtelevisionpicturesfromonepartoftheworldtoanother.Theyareusually35880kilometersabovetheequator赤道.Sometimeswecanseeasatelliteintheskyanditseemstostayinthesameplace.Thisisbecauseitismovingaroundtheworldat11000kilometersanhour—exactlythesamespeedthattheearthrotates.AsatellitemustorbittheEarthwithitsantennae天线facingtheearth.Sometimesitmovesawayfromitsorbit轨道Sotherearelittlerocketsonitwhichareusedtoputthesatellitebackintherightposition.Thisusuallyhappensabouteveryfiveorsixdays.Spaceisnotempty!EveryweekmoreandmoresatellitesaresentintospacetoorbittheEarth.Asatelliteusuallyworksforabout10-12years.SatelliteswhicharebrokenaresometimesrepairedbyastronautsorsometimesbroughtbacktoEarthtoberepaired.OftenveryoldorbrokensatellitesareleftinspacetoorbittheEarthforaverylongtime.Thisisveryseriousbecausesomesatellitesusenuclearpowerandtheycancrash撞intoeachother.29.WhichofthefollowingisNOTdonebysatellitesaccordingtothepassage?A.Sendinginformationforweatherforecast.B.TakingphotographsoftheEarth.C.SendingTVpictures.D.Providingfoodforairplanepilots.30.What’sthespeedtheearthrotatesat?A.35880kilometersperhour.B.335880kilometersperhour.C.11000kilometersperhour.D.110000kilometersperhour31.WhydoesthesatellitemovearoundtheworldatthesamespeedastheEarthrotates?A.Inordertotakephotographs.B.Inordertostayinacertainpositionintheorbit.C.Inordertomoveawayfromitsorbit.D.Inordertosendtelevisionpictures.32.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordThisinthe3rdparagraphreferto?A.Asatellite.B.Alittlerocket.C.Asatelliteseemstostayinthesameplaceinthesky.D.Thesatelliteputstherocketsintherightposition.
Picturethescene:Youcomehomeafterworkfeelingtooexhaustedtocook–onlytofindadeliciousmealworthyofaMichelin-starredrestaurantwaitingforyou.ItsoundslikeafantasybutitcouldbeabouttocometruethankstoarobotchefdevelopedbyBritishscientists.Thosescientistshavecomeupwithasetofroboticarmssosmartthattheyarecapableofcookingmealsallbythemselves.Thedevicewillbesoldfromasearlyas2017aspartofapurpose-builthigh-techkitchen.ScientistsatMoleyRoboticsspentalmost18yearsdevelopingthehands.Accordingtoitscreatorsthearmscanchopstirwhiskandbastewellenoughtorecreatealmostanythingyouwouldcaretoeatwhetheritisasimplehome-cookedsupperoracomplicatedcreationdesignedbyaworld-classchef.Thehandsmovealittleslowlyhoveringstrangelyabovetheworksurfacewhenevertheyarenotbusybuttheyimitatehumanmovementscloselyenoughthattheycandothingssuchaswipingaspoonontheedgeofapantopreventdrips.Mr.OleynikwhoisleadingtheprojectsaidAllthethingswhicharepossiblewiththehandarepossibleherE.Thereisnolimitation.A.lotofpeoplewanttogotoMichelin-starredrestaurantsbuttheyarequiteexpensiveandmaybequitefarfromthehomE.ThisisanopportunityforpeopletoenjoyverygoodfoodandforareasonablepricE.Theonlycuisinethatisofftherobot’smenuatthemomentissushiwhichrequiresextremelysteadypressureandnimblefingerstomakebuttheteamplantoconquerthataswellbythetimeitgoesonsalE.21.PeoplegotoMichelin-starredrestaurantsinorderto______.A.appreciatecartires.B.escapefromworkC.seethenewrobotchefsD.enjoydeliciousmeals22.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordtheyinParagraph2referto?A.BritishscientistsB.HouseholdwivesC.CooksatrestaurantsD.Therobotchef’sarms23.WhichkindoffoodCAN’Ttherobotchefcookatpresent?A.SushiB.BeefC.BreadD.Sandwich24.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Handsofarobotchefcanperformexactlylikeacook.B.ItisuncertainwhentherobotcancookallkindsoffooD.C.Michelin-starredrestaurantsaresuitableformanypeoplE.D.Robotchefsareavailableatshoppingmalls.
TheAfricanelephantthelargestlandanimalremainingonearthisofgreatimportancetoAfricanecosystem生态系统.UnlikeotheranimalstheAfricanelephantistoagreatextentthebuilderofitsenvironment.Asabigplant-eateritlargelyshapestheforest-and-savanna大草原surroundingsinwhichitlivesthereforesettingthetermsofexistenceformillionsofotheranimalsthatliveinitshabitat栖息地.Itistheelephant'sgreatdesireforfoodthatmakesitadisturberoftheenvironmentandanimportantbuilderofitshabitat.Initscontinuoussearchforthe300poundsofplantsitmusthaveeverydayitkillssmalltreesandunderbushesandpullsbranchesoffbigtrees.ThisresultsinnumerousopenspacesinbothdeeptropicalforestsandinthewoodlandsthatcoverpartoftheAfricansavannas.Intheseopenspacesarenumerousplantsinvariousstagesofgrowththatattractavarietyofotherplant-eaters.TaketherainforestsforexamplE.Intheirnaturalstatethespreadingbranchesoverheadshutoutsunlightandpreventthegrowthofplantsontheforestfloor.Bypullingdowntreesandeatingplantselephantsmakeopenspacesallowingnewplantstogrowontheforestfloor.Insuchsituationstheforestsbecomesuitableforlargehoofedplant-eaterstomovearoundandforsmallplant-eaterstogettheirfoodaswell.WhatworriesscientistsnowisthattheAfricanelephanthasbecomeanendangeredspecies.Iftheelephantdisappearsscientistssaymanyotheranimalswillalsodisappearfromvastareasofforestandsavannagreatlychangingandworseningthewholeecosystem.25.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.DisappearanceofAfricanelephants.B.ForestsandsavannasashabitatsforAfricanelephants.C.TheeffectofAfricanelephants'searchforfooD.D.TheeatinghabitofAfricanelephants.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasesettingthetermsmostprobablymean?A.FixingthetimE.B.WorseningthestatE.C.Improvingthequality.D.Decidingtheconditions.27.Whatdoweknowabouttheopenspacesinthepassage?A.Theyresultfromthedestructionofrainforests.B.TheyprovidefoodmainlyforAfricanelephants.C.Theyarehometomanyendangeredanimals.D.Theyareattractivetoplant-eatinganimalsofdifferentkinds.28.Thepassageisdevelopedmainlyby_____.A.showingtheeffectandthenexplainingthecausesB.pointingoutsimilaritiesanddifferencesC.describingthechangesinspaceorderD.givingexamples
Weusemorethan20milliontonsofsodiumchloride氯化钠onourroadwayseverywinter.That’sabout13timesmoresaltthanisusedbytheentirefoodprocessingindustry.SaltlowersthefreezingtemperatureofwaterandthusmeltssnowandicE.Butitspublicsafetybenefitsdocomewithsomeecologicaldrawbacks弊端.Thebiggestconcernwithroadsaltishowitaffectswaterquality.Thematerialdoesn’tjustdisappearwhenthesnowandicemelts:Itiswashedawayintolakesandstreamsorgetsintogroundwatersupplies.ResearchersrecentlyfoundthatintheurbanTwinCitiesarea70percentofthesaltappliedtoroadsstayswithintheregion’swatershed水源区.OnceitgetstherethepollutionisdifficultandexpensivetomovE.Saltygroundwatercanmakeforsaltydrinkingwells.That’sahealthissueforpeopleonrestricted-sodiumdietsandatasteproblemforeveryoneelsE.WhensaltgetsintolakesandstreamsitcanalsoharmplantsandanimalstherE.Roadsaltcanaffecttheenvironmentinotherwaystoo.Itcanerode腐蚀soilandplantsasfaras650feetaway.Roadsidescanalsoturnintoasortofartificialsaltlick盐碱地thatwouldbeattractivetoanimals.Asaresulttheyrunahigherriskofbecomingroadkill.Birdsarecommonvictimsaswell.Soifsaltissoproblematicwhyarewestillusingit?Becauseit’scheap.Alternativechemicalscanbemuchmoreexpensiveandtheyoftenrequirenewspreadingequipment.AsresearcherscontinuetolookforsubstitutesthereareplentyofwaysthatroadcrewscancutbackontheirsaltusagE.Pre-wettingthesaltforexampleallowsformorecontrolledapplicationandbetterstickingpower.Weathermonitoringiskeytoo:applyingsaltjustbeforeastormhitssothatthesnowcan’tattachtothegroundisusuallymoreefficientthanwaitinguntilafterthesnowhasfallen.12.Howdoesroadsaltmeltsnowandice?A.Bychangingtheweather.B.Byraisingtheirtemperatures.C.Byraisingthetemperatureofroads.D.Bychangingthefreezingpointofwater.13.Theauthorismostworriedabouttheinfluenceofroadsalton_____.A.trafficsafetyB.waterqualityC.soilconditionsD.plantsandanimals14.It’smentionedinthetextthatbirds_____.A.oftendiebecauseoferodedsoilB.oftendiebecauseofpollutedwaterC.areoftenkilledbyvehiclesonroadsD.areoftenkilledbyotheranimalsinthefields15.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Howtouseroadsaltmoreefficiently.B.Researchersarelookingforsubstitutes.C.Roadcrewsaremonitoringtheweather.D.Theadvantagesofalternativechemicals.
AnAfrican-bomBritishscientistreceivedanenvironmentresearchprizeattheConventiononMigratorySpeciesCMSmeetingforshowinghowbeescanbeusedtoreduceconflictbetweenpeopleandelephants.LucyKing'sworkprovedthatbeehivefences蜂箱栅栏cankeepelephantsoutofAfricanfarmers'fields.Theanimalsarescaredofbeeswhichcanbitetheminsidetheirlongnosesandfleewhentheyhearbuzzing蜂鸣声.DrKing'sworkoffersanintelligentsolutiontoanage-oldchallengewhileprovidingfurtherconfirmationoftheimportanceofbeestopeopleandareallycleverwayofpreservingtheworld'slargestlandanimalforcurrentandfuturegenerations.WorkinginKenyaDrKingandherteamshowedthatmorethan90%ofelephantswillfleewhentheyhearthesoundsofbuzzingbees.Afterwardstheyalsofoundthatelephantsproduceaspecialsoundtowarntheirfellowsofthedanger.TheyusedthefindingstoconstructbarrierswherebeehivesarewovenintoafencekeepingtheelephantsawayfromplaceswherepeopleliveandgrowfooD.Atwo-yearprojectinvolving34farmsshowedthatelephantstryingtogothroughthefenceswouldshakethemdisturbingthebees.LaterthefenceswereadoptedbyfarmingcommunitiesinthreeKenyandistricts--whoalsomadeincreasedamountsofmoneyfromsellinghoney.DrLucyKinghasdesignedaconstructivesolutionthatconsiderstheneedsofanimalsbutalsotheeconomicbenefitstothelocalcommunitieslinkedtospeciespreservationsaidCMSexecutivesecretaryElizabethMarumaMremA.AsAfrica'spopulationgrowscompetitionforspacebetweenpeopleandelephantsisbecomingmoreseriousandtherearefatalitiesonbothsides.ThesameistrueinpartsofAsiA.SriLankaaloneseesthedeathsofallestimated60peopleand200elephantseachyearfromconflict.WorkingwiththecharitySavetheElephantsLucyKingnowwantstoseewhethertheKenyantechniquewillworkinotherpartsofAfrica--andperhapseventuallyinAsiA.WithAsiatherearesomeissueswe'dhavetolookat--it'satotallydifferentelephantspeciesthebeespeciesaredifferentitrainsalotmorewehaveanimalslikebearsthatlovehoney--butI'dbeveryinterestedinsharingmyresearchwithanyonewithexperienceinAsiatoseewhetheritcouldworkthereshesaiD.Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS.65.LucyKing'sresearchshowsthatbyusingbees_________________________canbereduceD.66.HowdomostelephantsinKenyarespondtothesoundsofbuzzingbees?_____________________________________________________________.67.Dr.King'sworkisregardedasaconstructivesolutionforitconsiders___________________.68.WhatfourissuesshouldbethoughtaboutintheapplicationofLucyKing'sfindingsinAsia?____________________________________________________________.
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