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The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.
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Thedentisthasdecidedtotakeoutthegirlsbadtooth.
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Thedentisthasdecidedtotakeoutthegirl’sbadtooth.
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Thedentisthasdecidedtoextractherhadtooth.
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TheAmericanFamily IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenareoldenoughtheytakepart51.ForeignersareoftensurprisedbythepermissivenessofAmericanparents.Theoldrulethat"childrenshouldbeseenandnotheard"israrely52andchildrenareoftenallowedtodowhattheywishwithoutstrictparental53.Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentoobeyhim54questionandchildrenareencouragedtobeindependent55anearlyage.SomepeoplebelievethatAmericanparentscarrythisfreedom56far.Othersthinkthatastrongfatherimagewouldnot57theAmericanvaluesofequalityandindependence.BecauseAmericansemphasizetheimportanceofindependenceyoungpeopleareexpectedtobreak58theirparentalfamiliesbythetimetheyhave59theirlateteensorearlytwenties.60nottodosoisoftenregardedasafailureakindofweakdependence. Thispatternofindependenceoftenresultsinserious61fortheagingparentsofasmallfamily.TheaverageAmericanisexpectedtolive62theageof70.Thejob-retirementageis6365.Thechildrenhavelefthomemarriedand64theirownhouseholds.Atleast20percentofallpeopleover65donothaveenoughretirementincomes.65themajorproblemofmanyelderlycouplesisnoteconomic.Theyfeeluselessandlonelywithneitheranoccupationnoraclosefamilygroup. 55
NewFoodsandtheNewWorld Inthelast500yearsnothingaboutpeople-nottheirclothesideasorlanguages-haschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.Theoriginalchocolatedrinkwasmadefromtheseedsofthecocoatree可可树bySouthAmericanIndians.TheSpanishintroducedittotherestoftheworldduringthe1500’s.Andalthoughitwasveryexpensiveitquicklybecamefashionable.InLondonshopswherechocolatedrinkswereservedbecameimportantmeetingplaces.Somestillexisttoday. ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorld.Around1600theSpanishbroughtitfromPerutoEuropewhereitsoonwaswidelygrown.IrelandbecamesodependentonitthatthousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedwhenthecropfailedduringthe"PotatoFamine饥荒"of1845-1846andthousandsmorewereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmerica. TherearemanyotherfoodsthathavetraveledfromSouthAmericatotheOldWorld.Butsomeotherswentintheoppositedirection.Brazilisnowtheworld’slargestgrowerofcoffeeandcoffeeisanimportantcropinColombiaandotherSouthAmericancountries.ButitisnativetoEthiopiaacountryinAfrica.ItwasfirstmadeintoadrinkbyArabsduringthe1400’s. AccordingtoanArabiclegendcoffeewasdiscoveredwhenapersonnamedKaldinoticedthathisgoatswereattractedtotheredberriesonacoffeebush.Hetriedoneandexperiencedthe"wide-awake"feelingthatone-thirdoftheworld’spopulationnowstartsthedaywith. Someinthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphrefersto
Ourlivesareintimatelyboundupwiththeirs.
{{*HTML*}}KeepingCutFlowers??1?Whileeverybodyenjoysfreshcutflowersaroundhishousefewpeopleknowhowtokeepthemforaslongaspossible.Thismaybedonebykeepinginmindafewsimplefacts.??2?Animportantthingtorememberaboutcutflowersisthattheyaresensitivetotemperature.Forexamplestudieshaveshownthatcutcarnations康乃馨retaintheirfreshnesseighttimeslongerwhenkeptat12℃thanwhenkeptat26℃.Keepingfreshlyharvestedflowersattherighttemperaturesisprobablythemostimportantaspectofflowercare.??3?Flowersarenotintendedbynaturetoliveverylong.Theirbiologicalpurposeissimplytoattractbirdsorinsectssuchasbeesforpollination授粉.Afterthattheyquicklydryupanddie.Theprocessbywhichflowersconsumeoxygenandproducecarbondioxide二氧化碳calledrespiration呼吸generatestheenergytheflowerneedstogivethefloweritsshapeandcolour.Themakingofseedsalsodependsonthisenergy.Whilealllivingthingsrespireflowershaveahighlevelofrespiration.Aresultofallthisrespirationisheatandforflowersthelevelofheatrelativetothemassoftheflowerisveryhigh.Respirationalsobringsabouttheeventualdeathoftheflower.Thusthegreaterthelevelofrespirationthesoonertheflowerdies.??4?Howthentocontroltherateatwhichflowersdie?Bycontrollingrespiration.Howisrespirationcontrolled?Bycontrollingtemperature.Weknowthatrespirationproducesheatbutthereverseisalsotrue.Thusbymaintaininglowtemperaturesrespirationisreducedandthecutflowerwillagemoreslowly.??5?Anothervitalfactorinkeepingcutflowersisthequalityofthewaterinwhichtheyareplaced.Flowersfinditdifficulttodrinkwaterthatisdirtyorotherwisepolluted.Evenwhenwaterlooksandsmellscleanitalmostcertainlycontainsharmfulsubstancesthatcanendangertheflowers.Toridthewateroftheseunwantedsubstanceshouseholdchlorinebleach含氯漂白剂canbeusedinsmallquantities.Itisrecommendedthat15dropsofchlorinebleachat4%solutionbeaddedtoeachlitreofwater.Thewaterandsolutionshouldalsobereplacedeachday.Respirationplaysakeyrole______.
TheAmericanFamily IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenareoldenoughtheytakepart51.ForeignersareoftensurprisedbythepermissivenessofAmericanparents.Theoldrulethat"childrenshouldbeseenandnotheard"israrely52andchildrenareoftenallowedtodowhattheywishwithoutstrictparental53.Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentoobeyhim54questionandchildrenareencouragedtobeindependent55anearlyage.SomepeoplebelievethatAmericanparentscarrythisfreedom56far.Othersthinkthatastrongfatherimagewouldnot57theAmericanvaluesofequalityandindependence.BecauseAmericansemphasizetheimportanceofindependenceyoungpeopleareexpectedtobreak58theirparentalfamiliesbythetimetheyhave59theirlateteensorearlytwenties.60nottodosoisoftenregardedasafailureakindofweakdependence. Thispatternofindependenceoftenresultsinserious61fortheagingparentsofasmallfamily.TheaverageAmericanisexpectedtolive62theageof70.Thejob-retirementageis6365.Thechildrenhavelefthomemarriedand64theirownhouseholds.Atleast20percentofallpeopleover65donothaveenoughretirementincomes.65themajorproblemofmanyelderlycouplesisnoteconomic.Theyfeeluselessandlonelywithneitheranoccupationnoraclosefamilygroup. 63
{{*HTML*}}KeepingCutFlowers??1?Whileeverybodyenjoysfreshcutflowersaroundhishousefewpeopleknowhowtokeepthemforaslongaspossible.Thismaybedonebykeepinginmindafewsimplefacts.??2?Animportantthingtorememberaboutcutflowersisthattheyaresensitivetotemperature.Forexamplestudieshaveshownthatcutcarnations康乃馨retaintheirfreshnesseighttimeslongerwhenkeptat12℃thanwhenkeptat26℃.Keepingfreshlyharvestedflowersattherighttemperaturesisprobablythemostimportantaspectofflowercare.??3?Flowersarenotintendedbynaturetoliveverylong.Theirbiologicalpurposeissimplytoattractbirdsorinsectssuchasbeesforpollination授粉.Afterthattheyquicklydryupanddie.Theprocessbywhichflowersconsumeoxygenandproducecarbondioxide二氧化碳calledrespiration呼吸generatestheenergytheflowerneedstogivethefloweritsshapeandcolour.Themakingofseedsalsodependsonthisenergy.Whilealllivingthingsrespireflowershaveahighlevelofrespiration.Aresultofallthisrespirationisheatandforflowersthelevelofheatrelativetothemassoftheflowerisveryhigh.Respirationalsobringsabouttheeventualdeathoftheflower.Thusthegreaterthelevelofrespirationthesoonertheflowerdies.??4?Howthentocontroltherateatwhichflowersdie?Bycontrollingrespiration.Howisrespirationcontrolled?Bycontrollingtemperature.Weknowthatrespirationproducesheatbutthereverseisalsotrue.Thusbymaintaininglowtemperaturesrespirationisreducedandthecutflowerwillagemoreslowly.??5?Anothervitalfactorinkeepingcutflowersisthequalityofthewaterinwhichtheyareplaced.Flowersfinditdifficulttodrinkwaterthatisdirtyorotherwisepolluted.Evenwhenwaterlooksandsmellscleanitalmostcertainlycontainsharmfulsubstancesthatcanendangertheflowers.Toridthewateroftheseunwantedsubstanceshouseholdchlorinebleach含氯漂白剂canbeusedinsmallquantities.Itisrecommendedthat15dropsofchlorinebleachat4%solutionbeaddedtoeachlitreofwater.Thewaterandsolutionshouldalsobereplacedeachday.Anotherimportantwaytoprolongthelifeofcutflowersis______.
TheAmericanFamily IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenareoldenoughtheytakepart51.ForeignersareoftensurprisedbythepermissivenessofAmericanparents.Theoldrulethat"childrenshouldbeseenandnotheard"israrely52andchildrenareoftenallowedtodowhattheywishwithoutstrictparental53.Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentoobeyhim54questionandchildrenareencouragedtobeindependent55anearlyage.SomepeoplebelievethatAmericanparentscarrythisfreedom56far.Othersthinkthatastrongfatherimagewouldnot57theAmericanvaluesofequalityandindependence.BecauseAmericansemphasizetheimportanceofindependenceyoungpeopleareexpectedtobreak58theirparentalfamiliesbythetimetheyhave59theirlateteensorearlytwenties.60nottodosoisoftenregardedasafailureakindofweakdependence. Thispatternofindependenceoftenresultsinserious61fortheagingparentsofasmallfamily.TheaverageAmericanisexpectedtolive62theageof70.Thejob-retirementageis6365.Thechildrenhavelefthomemarriedand64theirownhouseholds.Atleast20percentofallpeopleover65donothaveenoughretirementincomes.65themajorproblemofmanyelderlycouplesisnoteconomic.Theyfeeluselessandlonelywithneitheranoccupationnoraclosefamilygroup. 53
NewFoodsandtheNewWorld Inthelast500yearsnothingaboutpeople-nottheirclothesideasorlanguages-haschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.Theoriginalchocolatedrinkwasmadefromtheseedsofthecocoatree可可树bySouthAmericanIndians.TheSpanishintroducedittotherestoftheworldduringthe1500’s.Andalthoughitwasveryexpensiveitquicklybecamefashionable.InLondonshopswherechocolatedrinkswereservedbecameimportantmeetingplaces.Somestillexisttoday. ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorld.Around1600theSpanishbroughtitfromPerutoEuropewhereitsoonwaswidelygrown.IrelandbecamesodependentonitthatthousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedwhenthecropfailedduringthe"PotatoFamine饥荒"of1845-1846andthousandsmorewereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmerica. TherearemanyotherfoodsthathavetraveledfromSouthAmericatotheOldWorld.Butsomeotherswentintheoppositedirection.Brazilisnowtheworld’slargestgrowerofcoffeeandcoffeeisanimportantcropinColombiaandotherSouthAmericancountries.ButitisnativetoEthiopiaacountryinAfrica.ItwasfirstmadeintoadrinkbyArabsduringthe1400’s. AccordingtoanArabiclegendcoffeewasdiscoveredwhenapersonnamedKaldinoticedthathisgoatswereattractedtotheredberriesonacoffeebush.Hetriedoneandexperiencedthe"wide-awake"feelingthatone-thirdoftheworld’spopulationnowstartsthedaywith. Whichcountryisthelargestcoffeeproducer
TheAmericanFamily IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenareoldenoughtheytakepart51.ForeignersareoftensurprisedbythepermissivenessofAmericanparents.Theoldrulethat"childrenshouldbeseenandnotheard"israrely52andchildrenareoftenallowedtodowhattheywishwithoutstrictparental53.Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentoobeyhim54questionandchildrenareencouragedtobeindependent55anearlyage.SomepeoplebelievethatAmericanparentscarrythisfreedom56far.Othersthinkthatastrongfatherimagewouldnot57theAmericanvaluesofequalityandindependence.BecauseAmericansemphasizetheimportanceofindependenceyoungpeopleareexpectedtobreak58theirparentalfamiliesbythetimetheyhave59theirlateteensorearlytwenties.60nottodosoisoftenregardedasafailureakindofweakdependence. Thispatternofindependenceoftenresultsinserious61fortheagingparentsofasmallfamily.TheaverageAmericanisexpectedtolive62theageof70.Thejob-retirementageis6365.Thechildrenhavelefthomemarriedand64theirownhouseholds.Atleast20percentofallpeopleover65donothaveenoughretirementincomes.65themajorproblemofmanyelderlycouplesisnoteconomic.Theyfeeluselessandlonelywithneitheranoccupationnoraclosefamilygroup. 61
TeachingPoetry Nopoemshouldeverbediscussedor"analyzed"untilithasbeenreadaloudbysomeoneteacherorstudent.Betterstillperhapsisthepracticeofreadingittwiceonceatthebeginningofthediscussionandonceattheendsothesoundofthepoemisthelastthingonehearsofit. Alldiscussionsofpoetryareinfactpreparationsforreadingitaloudandthereadingofthepoemisfinallythemosttelling"interpretation"ofitsuggestingtonerhythmandmeaningallatonce.Hearingapoetreadtheworkinhisorherownvoiceonrecordsoronfilmisobviouslyaspecialreward.Buteventhoseaidstoteachingcannotreplacethestudentandteacherreadingitorbestofallreciting背诵it. Ihavecometothinkinfactthattimespentreadingapoemaloudismuchmoreimportantthan"analyzing"itifthereisn’ttimeforboth.IthinkoneofourgoalsasteachersofEnglishistohavestudentslovepoetry.Poetryis"acriticismoflife"and"aheightening提升oflife".Itis"anapproachtothetruthoffeeling"andit"cansaveyourlife".Italsodeservesaplaceintheteachingoflanguageandliteraturemorecentralthanitpresentlyoccupies. IamnotsayingthateveryEnglishteachermustteachpoetry.Thosewhodon’tlikeitshouldnotbeforcedtoputthatdislikeonanyoneelse.Butthosewhodoteachpoetrymustkeepinmindafewthingsaboutitsessentialnatureaboutitssoundaswellasitssenseandtheymustmakeroomintheclassroomforhearingpoetryaswellasthinkingaboutit. Tohaveabetterunderstandingofapoemoneshould
Inthelattercasetheoutcomecanbeseriousindeed.
APayRiseorNot "UnlessIgetariseI’llhaveatalkwiththebossHenryManley"GeorgeStrongsaidtohimself.Georgelikedhisjobandhelikedthetownhelivedinbuthiswifekepttellinghimthathispaywasnotenoughtomeettheneedsofthefamily.ThatwaswhyhewasthinkingoftakingajobinBirminghamanearbycityabout50milesaway.Hehadbeenofferedajobinafactorythereandthepaywasfarbetter. GeorgelivedinWyefordamedium-sizedtown.Hereallylikedtheplaceanddidn’tliketheideaofmovingsomewhereelsebutifhetookthejobinBirminghamhewouldhavetomovehisfamilythere. HenryManleywasthemanagerofasmallcompanymanufacturingelectricmotors.ThecompanywasindeeptroublebecauseamongotherreasonstheJapaneseweresellingsuchthingsatverylowprices.AsaresultManleyhadtocuthisownpricesandprofitsaswell.Otherwisehewouldnotgetanyordersatall.Eventhenorderswerestillnotcominginfastenoughsothattherewasnomoneyforraises加工资forhisworkers.Somehowhehadtostrugglealongandkeephisbestworkersaswell.Hesighed.Justthenthephonerang. HissecretarytoldhimthatGeorgeStrongwantedtoseehimassoonaspossible.Manleysighedagain.Hecouldguesswhatitwasabout.GeorgeStrongwasaveryyoungengineer.Thecompanyhadnofutureunlessitcouldattractandkeepmenlikehim.Manleyrubbedhisforehead前额;hisproblemsseemedendless. IfGeorgeStrongtookthejobinBirminghamhewouldhavetoleavehisfamilyinWyeford.
{{*HTML*}}KeepingCutFlowers??1?Whileeverybodyenjoysfreshcutflowersaroundhishousefewpeopleknowhowtokeepthemforaslongaspossible.Thismaybedonebykeepinginmindafewsimplefacts.??2?Animportantthingtorememberaboutcutflowersisthattheyaresensitivetotemperature.Forexamplestudieshaveshownthatcutcarnations康乃馨retaintheirfreshnesseighttimeslongerwhenkeptat12℃thanwhenkeptat26℃.Keepingfreshlyharvestedflowersattherighttemperaturesisprobablythemostimportantaspectofflowercare.??3?Flowersarenotintendedbynaturetoliveverylong.Theirbiologicalpurposeissimplytoattractbirdsorinsectssuchasbeesforpollination授粉.Afterthattheyquicklydryupanddie.Theprocessbywhichflowersconsumeoxygenandproducecarbondioxide二氧化碳calledrespiration呼吸generatestheenergytheflowerneedstogivethefloweritsshapeandcolour.Themakingofseedsalsodependsonthisenergy.Whilealllivingthingsrespireflowershaveahighlevelofrespiration.Aresultofallthisrespirationisheatandforflowersthelevelofheatrelativetothemassoftheflowerisveryhigh.Respirationalsobringsabouttheeventualdeathoftheflower.Thusthegreaterthelevelofrespirationthesoonertheflowerdies.??4?Howthentocontroltherateatwhichflowersdie?Bycontrollingrespiration.Howisrespirationcontrolled?Bycontrollingtemperature.Weknowthatrespirationproducesheatbutthereverseisalsotrue.Thusbymaintaininglowtemperaturesrespirationisreducedandthecutflowerwillagemoreslowly.??5?Anothervitalfactorinkeepingcutflowersisthequalityofthewaterinwhichtheyareplaced.Flowersfinditdifficulttodrinkwaterthatisdirtyorotherwisepolluted.Evenwhenwaterlooksandsmellscleanitalmostcertainlycontainsharmfulsubstancesthatcanendangertheflowers.Toridthewateroftheseunwantedsubstanceshouseholdchlorinebleach含氯漂白剂canbeusedinsmallquantities.Itisrecommendedthat15dropsofchlorinebleachat4%solutionbeaddedtoeachlitreofwater.Thewaterandsolutionshouldalsobereplacedeachday.Paragraph3______
{{*HTML*}}KeepingCutFlowers??1?Whileeverybodyenjoysfreshcutflowersaroundhishousefewpeopleknowhowtokeepthemforaslongaspossible.Thismaybedonebykeepinginmindafewsimplefacts.??2?Animportantthingtorememberaboutcutflowersisthattheyaresensitivetotemperature.Forexamplestudieshaveshownthatcutcarnations康乃馨retaintheirfreshnesseighttimeslongerwhenkeptat12℃thanwhenkeptat26℃.Keepingfreshlyharvestedflowersattherighttemperaturesisprobablythemostimportantaspectofflowercare.??3?Flowersarenotintendedbynaturetoliveverylong.Theirbiologicalpurposeissimplytoattractbirdsorinsectssuchasbeesforpollination授粉.Afterthattheyquicklydryupanddie.Theprocessbywhichflowersconsumeoxygenandproducecarbondioxide二氧化碳calledrespiration呼吸generatestheenergytheflowerneedstogivethefloweritsshapeandcolour.Themakingofseedsalsodependsonthisenergy.Whilealllivingthingsrespireflowershaveahighlevelofrespiration.Aresultofallthisrespirationisheatandforflowersthelevelofheatrelativetothemassoftheflowerisveryhigh.Respirationalsobringsabouttheeventualdeathoftheflower.Thusthegreaterthelevelofrespirationthesoonertheflowerdies.??4?Howthentocontroltherateatwhichflowersdie?Bycontrollingrespiration.Howisrespirationcontrolled?Bycontrollingtemperature.Weknowthatrespirationproducesheatbutthereverseisalsotrue.Thusbymaintaininglowtemperaturesrespirationisreducedandthecutflowerwillagemoreslowly.??5?Anothervitalfactorinkeepingcutflowersisthequalityofthewaterinwhichtheyareplaced.Flowersfinditdifficulttodrinkwaterthatisdirtyorotherwisepolluted.Evenwhenwaterlooksandsmellscleanitalmostcertainlycontainsharmfulsubstancesthatcanendangertheflowers.Toridthewateroftheseunwantedsubstanceshouseholdchlorinebleach含氯漂白剂canbeusedinsmallquantities.Itisrecommendedthat15dropsofchlorinebleachat4%solutionbeaddedtoeachlitreofwater.Thewaterandsolutionshouldalsobereplacedeachday.Paragraph5______
TheAmericanFamily IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenareoldenoughtheytakepart51.ForeignersareoftensurprisedbythepermissivenessofAmericanparents.Theoldrulethat"childrenshouldbeseenandnotheard"israrely52andchildrenareoftenallowedtodowhattheywishwithoutstrictparental53.Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentoobeyhim54questionandchildrenareencouragedtobeindependent55anearlyage.SomepeoplebelievethatAmericanparentscarrythisfreedom56far.Othersthinkthatastrongfatherimagewouldnot57theAmericanvaluesofequalityandindependence.BecauseAmericansemphasizetheimportanceofindependenceyoungpeopleareexpectedtobreak58theirparentalfamiliesbythetimetheyhave59theirlateteensorearlytwenties.60nottodosoisoftenregardedasafailureakindofweakdependence. Thispatternofindependenceoftenresultsinserious61fortheagingparentsofasmallfamily.TheaverageAmericanisexpectedtolive62theageof70.Thejob-retirementageis6365.Thechildrenhavelefthomemarriedand64theirownhouseholds.Atleast20percentofallpeopleover65donothaveenoughretirementincomes.65themajorproblemofmanyelderlycouplesisnoteconomic.Theyfeeluselessandlonelywithneitheranoccupationnoraclosefamilygroup. 59
APayRiseorNot "UnlessIgetariseI’llhaveatalkwiththebossHenryManley"GeorgeStrongsaidtohimself.Georgelikedhisjobandhelikedthetownhelivedinbuthiswifekepttellinghimthathispaywasnotenoughtomeettheneedsofthefamily.ThatwaswhyhewasthinkingoftakingajobinBirminghamanearbycityabout50milesaway.Hehadbeenofferedajobinafactorythereandthepaywasfarbetter. GeorgelivedinWyefordamedium-sizedtown.Hereallylikedtheplaceanddidn’tliketheideaofmovingsomewhereelsebutifhetookthejobinBirminghamhewouldhavetomovehisfamilythere. HenryManleywasthemanagerofasmallcompanymanufacturingelectricmotors.ThecompanywasindeeptroublebecauseamongotherreasonstheJapaneseweresellingsuchthingsatverylowprices.AsaresultManleyhadtocuthisownpricesandprofitsaswell.Otherwisehewouldnotgetanyordersatall.Eventhenorderswerestillnotcominginfastenoughsothattherewasnomoneyforraises加工资forhisworkers.Somehowhehadtostrugglealongandkeephisbestworkersaswell.Hesighed.Justthenthephonerang. HissecretarytoldhimthatGeorgeStrongwantedtoseehimassoonaspossible.Manleysighedagain.Hecouldguesswhatitwasabout.GeorgeStrongwasaveryyoungengineer.Thecompanyhadnofutureunlessitcouldattractandkeepmenlikehim.Manleyrubbedhisforehead前额;hisproblemsseemedendless. GeorgeStrongwasaverycreativeengineer.
{{*HTML*}}TheBuildingofthePyramids??Theoldeststonebuildingsintheworldarethepyramids.?46?ThereareovereightyofthemscatteredalongthebanksoftheNilesomeofwhicharedifferentinshapefromthetruepyramids.ThemostfamousofthesearetheSteppyramidandtheBentpyramid.??Someofthepyramidsstilllookmuchthesameastheymusthavedonewhentheywerebuiltthousandsofyearsago.Mostofthedamagesufferedbytheothershasbeenatthehandsofmenwhowerelookingfortreasureormoreoftenforstonetouseinmodernbuildings.?47?Thesearegoodreasonswhytheycanstillbeseentodaybutperhapsthemostimportantisthattheywereplannedtolastforever.???48?HowevertherearenowritingsorpicturestoshowushowtheEgyptiansplannedorbuiltthepyramidsthemselves.?49?Nevertheless?byexaminingtheactualpyramidsandvarioustoolswhichhavebeenfoundarchaeologistshaveformedafairlyclearpictureofthem.??Onethingiscertain:theremusthavebeenmonthsofcarefulplanningbeforetheycouldbegintobuild.?50?Youmaythinkthiswouldhavebeeneasywithmilesandmilesofemptydesertaroundbutapyramidcouldnotbebuiltjustanywhere.Certainruleshadtobefollowedandcertainproblemshadtobeovercome.??A.ThedryclimateofEgypthashelpedtopreservethepyramidsandtheirveryshapehavemadethemlesslikelytofallintoruin.??B.Itispracticallycertainthatplansweremadeforthebuildingofthepyramidsbecausetheplansofotherlargeworkshavefortunatelybeenpreserved.??C.Thefirstthingtheyhadtodowastochooseasuitableplace.??D.Consequentlyweareonlyabletoguessatthemethodsused.??E.Manypeoplewerekilledwhilebuildingthepyramids.??F.Theyhavestoodfornearly5000yearsanditseemslikelythattheywillcontinuetostandforthousandsofyearsyet.
{{*HTML*}}TheBuildingofthePyramids??Theoldeststonebuildingsintheworldarethepyramids.?46?ThereareovereightyofthemscatteredalongthebanksoftheNilesomeofwhicharedifferentinshapefromthetruepyramids.ThemostfamousofthesearetheSteppyramidandtheBentpyramid.??Someofthepyramidsstilllookmuchthesameastheymusthavedonewhentheywerebuiltthousandsofyearsago.Mostofthedamagesufferedbytheothershasbeenatthehandsofmenwhowerelookingfortreasureormoreoftenforstonetouseinmodernbuildings.?47?Thesearegoodreasonswhytheycanstillbeseentodaybutperhapsthemostimportantisthattheywereplannedtolastforever.???48?HowevertherearenowritingsorpicturestoshowushowtheEgyptiansplannedorbuiltthepyramidsthemselves.?49?Nevertheless?byexaminingtheactualpyramidsandvarioustoolswhichhavebeenfoundarchaeologistshaveformedafairlyclearpictureofthem.??Onethingiscertain:theremusthavebeenmonthsofcarefulplanningbeforetheycouldbegintobuild.?50?Youmaythinkthiswouldhavebeeneasywithmilesandmilesofemptydesertaroundbutapyramidcouldnotbebuiltjustanywhere.Certainruleshadtobefollowedandcertainproblemshadtobeovercome.??A.ThedryclimateofEgypthashelpedtopreservethepyramidsandtheirveryshapehavemadethemlesslikelytofallintoruin.??B.Itispracticallycertainthatplansweremadeforthebuildingofthepyramidsbecausetheplansofotherlargeworkshavefortunatelybeenpreserved.??C.Thefirstthingtheyhadtodowastochooseasuitableplace.??D.Consequentlyweareonlyabletoguessatthemethodsused.??E.Manypeoplewerekilledwhilebuildingthepyramids.??F.Theyhavestoodfornearly5000yearsanditseemslikelythattheywillcontinuetostandforthousandsofyearsyet.
Canyoufollowtheplot
Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing.
Accordinglyanumberofothermethodshavebeenemployed.
APayRiseorNot "UnlessIgetariseI’llhaveatalkwiththebossHenryManley"GeorgeStrongsaidtohimself.Georgelikedhisjobandhelikedthetownhelivedinbuthiswifekepttellinghimthathispaywasnotenoughtomeettheneedsofthefamily.ThatwaswhyhewasthinkingoftakingajobinBirminghamanearbycityabout50milesaway.Hehadbeenofferedajobinafactorythereandthepaywasfarbetter. GeorgelivedinWyefordamedium-sizedtown.Hereallylikedtheplaceanddidn’tliketheideaofmovingsomewhereelsebutifhetookthejobinBirminghamhewouldhavetomovehisfamilythere. HenryManleywasthemanagerofasmallcompanymanufacturingelectricmotors.ThecompanywasindeeptroublebecauseamongotherreasonstheJapaneseweresellingsuchthingsatverylowprices.AsaresultManleyhadtocuthisownpricesandprofitsaswell.Otherwisehewouldnotgetanyordersatall.Eventhenorderswerestillnotcominginfastenoughsothattherewasnomoneyforraises加工资forhisworkers.Somehowhehadtostrugglealongandkeephisbestworkersaswell.Hesighed.Justthenthephonerang. HissecretarytoldhimthatGeorgeStrongwantedtoseehimassoonaspossible.Manleysighedagain.Hecouldguesswhatitwasabout.GeorgeStrongwasaveryyoungengineer.Thecompanyhadnofutureunlessitcouldattractandkeepmenlikehim.Manleyrubbedhisforehead前额;hisproblemsseemedendless. HenryManley’scompanywasmakingenoughprofitstoraisetheworkers’wages.
TeachingPoetry Nopoemshouldeverbediscussedor"analyzed"untilithasbeenreadaloudbysomeoneteacherorstudent.Betterstillperhapsisthepracticeofreadingittwiceonceatthebeginningofthediscussionandonceattheendsothesoundofthepoemisthelastthingonehearsofit. Alldiscussionsofpoetryareinfactpreparationsforreadingitaloudandthereadingofthepoemisfinallythemosttelling"interpretation"ofitsuggestingtonerhythmandmeaningallatonce.Hearingapoetreadtheworkinhisorherownvoiceonrecordsoronfilmisobviouslyaspecialreward.Buteventhoseaidstoteachingcannotreplacethestudentandteacherreadingitorbestofallreciting背诵it. Ihavecometothinkinfactthattimespentreadingapoemaloudismuchmoreimportantthan"analyzing"itifthereisn’ttimeforboth.IthinkoneofourgoalsasteachersofEnglishistohavestudentslovepoetry.Poetryis"acriticismoflife"and"aheightening提升oflife".Itis"anapproachtothetruthoffeeling"andit"cansaveyourlife".Italsodeservesaplaceintheteachingoflanguageandliteraturemorecentralthanitpresentlyoccupies. IamnotsayingthateveryEnglishteachermustteachpoetry.Thosewhodon’tlikeitshouldnotbeforcedtoputthatdislikeonanyoneelse.Butthosewhodoteachpoetrymustkeepinmindafewthingsaboutitsessentialnatureaboutitssoundaswellasitssenseandtheymustmakeroomintheclassroomforhearingpoetryaswellasthinkingaboutit. AccordingtothewriteroneofthepurposesofteachingEnglishistogetstudents
TeachingPoetry Nopoemshouldeverbediscussedor"analyzed"untilithasbeenreadaloudbysomeoneteacherorstudent.Betterstillperhapsisthepracticeofreadingittwiceonceatthebeginningofthediscussionandonceattheendsothesoundofthepoemisthelastthingonehearsofit. Alldiscussionsofpoetryareinfactpreparationsforreadingitaloudandthereadingofthepoemisfinallythemosttelling"interpretation"ofitsuggestingtonerhythmandmeaningallatonce.Hearingapoetreadtheworkinhisorherownvoiceonrecordsoronfilmisobviouslyaspecialreward.Buteventhoseaidstoteachingcannotreplacethestudentandteacherreadingitorbestofallreciting背诵it. Ihavecometothinkinfactthattimespentreadingapoemaloudismuchmoreimportantthan"analyzing"itifthereisn’ttimeforboth.IthinkoneofourgoalsasteachersofEnglishistohavestudentslovepoetry.Poetryis"acriticismoflife"and"aheightening提升oflife".Itis"anapproachtothetruthoffeeling"andit"cansaveyourlife".Italsodeservesaplaceintheteachingoflanguageandliteraturemorecentralthanitpresentlyoccupies. IamnotsayingthateveryEnglishteachermustteachpoetry.Thosewhodon’tlikeitshouldnotbeforcedtoputthatdislikeonanyoneelse.Butthosewhodoteachpoetrymustkeepinmindafewthingsaboutitsessentialnatureaboutitssoundaswellasitssenseandtheymustmakeroomintheclassroomforhearingpoetryaswellasthinkingaboutit. Thephrasemakeroominthelastparagraphcouldbebestreplacedby
Uptonowtheworkhasbeeneasy.
TheAmericanFamily IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenareoldenoughtheytakepart51.ForeignersareoftensurprisedbythepermissivenessofAmericanparents.Theoldrulethat"childrenshouldbeseenandnotheard"israrely52andchildrenareoftenallowedtodowhattheywishwithoutstrictparental53.Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentoobeyhim54questionandchildrenareencouragedtobeindependent55anearlyage.SomepeoplebelievethatAmericanparentscarrythisfreedom56far.Othersthinkthatastrongfatherimagewouldnot57theAmericanvaluesofequalityandindependence.BecauseAmericansemphasizetheimportanceofindependenceyoungpeopleareexpectedtobreak58theirparentalfamiliesbythetimetheyhave59theirlateteensorearlytwenties.60nottodosoisoftenregardedasafailureakindofweakdependence. Thispatternofindependenceoftenresultsinserious61fortheagingparentsofasmallfamily.TheaverageAmericanisexpectedtolive62theageof70.Thejob-retirementageis6365.Thechildrenhavelefthomemarriedand64theirownhouseholds.Atleast20percentofallpeopleover65donothaveenoughretirementincomes.65themajorproblemofmanyelderlycouplesisnoteconomic.Theyfeeluselessandlonelywithneitheranoccupationnoraclosefamilygroup. 65
Hetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.
APayRiseorNot "UnlessIgetariseI’llhaveatalkwiththebossHenryManley"GeorgeStrongsaidtohimself.Georgelikedhisjobandhelikedthetownhelivedinbuthiswifekepttellinghimthathispaywasnotenoughtomeettheneedsofthefamily.ThatwaswhyhewasthinkingoftakingajobinBirminghamanearbycityabout50milesaway.Hehadbeenofferedajobinafactorythereandthepaywasfarbetter. GeorgelivedinWyefordamedium-sizedtown.Hereallylikedtheplaceanddidn’tliketheideaofmovingsomewhereelsebutifhetookthejobinBirminghamhewouldhavetomovehisfamilythere. HenryManleywasthemanagerofasmallcompanymanufacturingelectricmotors.ThecompanywasindeeptroublebecauseamongotherreasonstheJapaneseweresellingsuchthingsatverylowprices.AsaresultManleyhadtocuthisownpricesandprofitsaswell.Otherwisehewouldnotgetanyordersatall.Eventhenorderswerestillnotcominginfastenoughsothattherewasnomoneyforraises加工资forhisworkers.Somehowhehadtostrugglealongandkeephisbestworkersaswell.Hesighed.Justthenthephonerang. HissecretarytoldhimthatGeorgeStrongwantedtoseehimassoonaspossible.Manleysighedagain.Hecouldguesswhatitwasabout.GeorgeStrongwasaveryyoungengineer.Thecompanyhadnofutureunlessitcouldattractandkeepmenlikehim.Manleyrubbedhisforehead前额;hisproblemsseemedendless. HenryManleywasalreadydeeplyindebt.
TheAmericanFamily IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenareoldenoughtheytakepart51.ForeignersareoftensurprisedbythepermissivenessofAmericanparents.Theoldrulethat"childrenshouldbeseenandnotheard"israrely52andchildrenareoftenallowedtodowhattheywishwithoutstrictparental53.Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentoobeyhim54questionandchildrenareencouragedtobeindependent55anearlyage.SomepeoplebelievethatAmericanparentscarrythisfreedom56far.Othersthinkthatastrongfatherimagewouldnot57theAmericanvaluesofequalityandindependence.BecauseAmericansemphasizetheimportanceofindependenceyoungpeopleareexpectedtobreak58theirparentalfamiliesbythetimetheyhave59theirlateteensorearlytwenties.60nottodosoisoftenregardedasafailureakindofweakdependence. Thispatternofindependenceoftenresultsinserious61fortheagingparentsofasmallfamily.TheaverageAmericanisexpectedtolive62theageof70.Thejob-retirementageis6365.Thechildrenhavelefthomemarriedand64theirownhouseholds.Atleast20percentofallpeopleover65donothaveenoughretirementincomes.65themajorproblemofmanyelderlycouplesisnoteconomic.Theyfeeluselessandlonelywithneitheranoccupationnoraclosefamilygroup. 57
TheAmericanFamily IntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenareoldenoughtheytakepart51.ForeignersareoftensurprisedbythepermissivenessofAmericanparents.Theoldrulethat"childrenshouldbeseenandnotheard"israrely52andchildrenareoftenallowedtodowhattheywishwithoutstrictparental53.Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentoobeyhim54questionandchildrenareencouragedtobeindependent55anearlyage.SomepeoplebelievethatAmericanparentscarrythisfreedom56far.Othersthinkthatastrongfatherimagewouldnot57theAmericanvaluesofequalityandindependence.BecauseAmericansemphasizetheimportanceofindependenceyoungpeopleareexpectedtobreak58theirparentalfamiliesbythetimetheyhave59theirlateteensorearlytwenties.60nottodosoisoftenregardedasafailureakindofweakdependence. Thispatternofindependenceoftenresultsinserious61fortheagingparentsofasmallfamily.TheaverageAmericanisexpectedtolive62theageof70.Thejob-retirementageis6365.Thechildrenhavelefthomemarriedand64theirownhouseholds.Atleast20percentofallpeopleover65donothaveenoughretirementincomes.65themajorproblemofmanyelderlycouplesisnoteconomic.Theyfeeluselessandlonelywithneitheranoccupationnoraclosefamilygroup. 51
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