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健康问题一直是生活中的热点话题。尤其对于女性来说，你知道穿矮高跟鞋和纯粹的高跟鞋对你身体健康的影响吗？ Healthy knees aren't the main consideration i...
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Iknowwhatyou’rethinking:pizza比萨饼Forbreakfast?Butthetruthisthatyoucanhavelastnight’sleftoversintheA.m.ifyouwantto.Iknowlotsofwomenwhoskipbreakfast不吃早饭andtheyhaveatonofdifferentexcusesfordoingit.Somesaytheydon’thavetimeothersthinkthey’resayingcalories卡路里stillothersjustdon’tlikebreakfastfooD.学科Butthebottomlineisthateatinginthemorningisveryimportantwhenyou’retryingtoloseweight.Eatingjustaboutanythingfrom300to400calorieswouldbebetterthannothingatallsaysKatherineBrookingR.D.whodevelopedthesuper-easyeatingplanforthisyear’sSELFCHALLENGE.Andevenpizzacanbehealthyifit’sloadedwithvegetablesandyousticktoonesmallpiecE.学科BreakfastisonemealInevermissandthesamegoesformostweightlosssuccessstories.Researchshowsthateatingbreakfastkeepsyoufromovereatinglaterintheday.ResearchersattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniafoundthatbreakfastskippershaveabiggerchanceofgainingweightthanthosewhoregularlyhaveamorningmeal.Soeatsomethinginthemorninganything.IknowplentyoffriendswhoenduphavingnobreakfastaltogetherandhavejustcoffeeororangejuicE.Isaytryheatinguplastnight’sleftovers–itmaysoundcrazybutifitworksforyoudoit!IfindifItellmyselfYoucanalwayseatittomorrow.Iputawaytheleftoversinsteadofeatingmorethatnight.Tryityoumaysaveyourselfsomepre-bedtimecalories.Andwatchyourbodygainthefat-burningeffects.ThewordleftoversinparagraphIprobablymeans______.A.foodremainingafteramealB.thingsleftundoneC.mealsmadeofvegetablesD.pizzatoppedwithfruitWhatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Workingwomenusuallyhavebreakfastinahurry.B.Manypeoplehavewrongideasaboutbreakfast.C.Therearesomeeasywaysofcookingameal.D.Eatingvegetableshelpssaveenergy.Accordingtothelastparagraphitisimportantto_______.A.eatsomethingforbreakfastB.becarefulaboutwhatyoucatC.heatupfoodbeforeeatingitD.catcalorie-controlledfoodThetextiswrittenmainlyforthose_______.A.whogotoworkearlyB.whowanttoloseweightC.whostayuplateD.whoeatbeforesleep
Thefacesoftheelderlyhappily-marriedpeoplesometimeslooklikeeachother.Dr.Aikenstudiedanumberofcoupleswhohadbeenmarriedforatleasttwenty-fiveyears.Eachcoupleprovidedfourphotographs—onephotoofeachpartneratthetimeoftheirmarriageandanotherphototoremoveanyclues.Thephotoswerethendisplayedingroups:arandom随意的groupingofthepersonsatthetimeoftheirmarriageandanotherrandomgroupingofthesamepersonswhotookphotographslater.Somejudgeswereaskedtopickoutthepartners.Theyfailedtotallywiththefirstgroup.TheirjudgmentswerenobetterthanchancE.Butwiththephotostakentwenty-fiveormoreyearsafterthemarriagethejudgeswerequitesuccessfulatdecidingwhowasmarriedtowhom.Theywereparticularlysuccessfulwiththemosthappily-marriedcouples.Dr.AikenbelievesthereareseveralreasonswhycouplesgrowalikE.Onereasonhassomethingtodowithimitation.Onepersontendstocopyordothesameassomeoneelsewithoutknowingit.Hesayshumanbeingscopytheexpressionsofthefacesoftheirlovedones.Anotherpossiblereasonhesaysisthecommonexperienceofthecouples.Thereisatendencyforpeoplewhohavethesamelifeexperiencetochangetheirfacesinsimilarways.Forexampleifacouplesufferedalotofsadexperiencestheirfacesarelikelytochangeinasimilarway.56.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.tellhowcoupleslooklikeeachothershowthelifeexperienceofhusbandandwifeexplainwhycouplesgrowalikedescribethestudyonanumberofmarriedpeople57.Thejudgesfailedto.tellcouplesbylookingattheirphotostakenwhentheygotmarriedtellhappily-marriedcouplesfromsadly-marriedcouplesdiscoverthedifferenceofeachpartnerunderstandDr.Aiken’sstudy58.TheunderlinedsentenceTheirjudgmentswere.A.quitesuccessfulB.basedonfactsC.onlybyluckD.totallywrong59.Fromthepassagewecandrawaconclusionthat.happily-marriedcouplesareoftenricherthanothercouplescoupleswholookalikecanlivelongertheinfluencebetweencouplescanbequitestrongallcoupleshavebeenprovedtogrowalike
B.ThereisanEnglishsaying:laughterisbestmedicinE.Untilrecentlyfewpeopletookthesayingseriously.Nowhoweverdoctorshavebeguntolookintolaughterandtheeffectsithasonthehumanbody.Theyhavefoundthatlaughterreallycanimprovepeople’shealth.Testswerecarriedouttostudytheeffectsoflaughteronthebody.Peoplewatchedfunnyfilmswhiledoctorscheckedtheirheartsbloodpressurebreathingandmuscles.ItwasfoundthatlaughterhadsimilareffectstophysicalexercisE.Itincreasesbloodpressuretheheartbeatingandbreathing;italsoworksseveralgroupsofmusclesinthefacethestomachandeventhefeet.Iflaughterexercisesthebodyitmustbebeneficial.Othertestshaveshownthatlaughterappearstobeabletoreducetheeffectofpainonthebody.Inoneexperimentdoctorsproducedpainingroupsofstudentswholistenedtodifferentradioprogrammer.Thegroupthattoleratedthepainforthelongesttimewasthegroupswhichlistenedtoafunnyprogrammer.Thereasonwhylaughtercanreducepainseemstobethatithelpstoproduceakindofchemicalsinthebrainwhichdiminishbothstressandpain.AsaresultofthesediscoveriessomedoctorsintheUnitedStatesnowholdlaughterclinicsinwhichtheyhelptoimprovetheirpatients’conditionbyencouragingthemtolaugh.Theyhavefoundthateveniftheirpatientsdonotreallyfeellikelaughingmakingthemsmileisenoughtoproducebeneficialeffectssimilartothosecausedbylaughter.60.DoctorshaveprovedthefollowingEXCEPTthat.A.smilingdoesgoodtohealthB.laughtercanbetoleratedC.thereisawaytoreducepainD.laughtercanworkthemusclesinthefeet61.Themainideaofthepassageis.A.laughterandphysicalexercisehavesimilareffectsonthehumanbodyB.smilecanproducethesameeffectsaslaughterC.paincanbereducedbylaughterD.laughteristhebestmedicine62.Theunderlinedworddiminishissimilarto.A.testB.stopC.reduceD.increase63.Doctorsholdlaughterclinics_________.A.togivebetterconditiontotheirpatientsB.inordertoimprovepatients’healthC.tomakepatientssmileD.toprovesmileandlaughterhavethesameeffect
Ⅲ阅读共两节满分40分第一节阅读理解共15小题每小题2分满分30分阅读下列短文从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑Formostpregnantwomenexerciseisthelastthingontheirminds.Afterallkeepingslimwhileyou’reexpectingisn’texactlythetoppriority—ratherit’smakingsureyourbabygetsenoughnutrientstogrow.ButinasmallnewstudyresearchersattheUniversityofAucklandinNewZealandreportthatamother’sregularaerobicexercisemaybegoodforagrowingfetus’health—andmayevenhelpababygetahealthierstartinlifE.Thefindingisabitsurprisingbecauseexerciseisknowntolowertheriskofinsulinresistance胰岛素抵抗aconditioneventuallyleadingtodiabetes糖尿病.Althoughinsulinresistanceisadetrimentinhealthyadultsitturnsouttobehelpfulforproperfetal胎儿development.Inpregnantwomenthisconditionmeansnutrientsgetshuntedtothegrowingbaby.Thequestionis:couldamother’sexerciseputherdevelopingbaby’sfoodsupplyatrisk?Paststudieslookingattheeffectofexerciseonbirthweighthavebeeninconclusiveandnonehavereallyinvestigatedtheinfluenceofexerciseonthemother’ssensitivitytoinsulin.SotheUniversityofAuckland’sDr.PaulHoffmanandhisteamdecidedtostudy84first-timemotherswhowereofnormalweightonaverageandtrackanyeffectsaerobicexercise有氧运动mighthaveontheirinsulinsensitivityandultimatelyontheirbabies’birthweight.Researchersaskedsomewomentoexerciseonastationarybicycleforatleast40minutespersessionuptofivetimeseachweekstartinginthe20thweekofpregnancy;theotherwomenwerenotspecificallyaskedtoexercisE.Whenthetwogroupsandtheirbabieswerecomparedtheteamfoundthatwomenwhobicycledregularlygavebirthtobabieswhowereonaverage150glighterthanthoseborntothenon-exercisingmothers.Inbothgroupshoweverthebabieswereofhealthyweightandtherewasnodifferenceinthemothers’weights.Generallyspeakingbabiesonthelowerendofthenormalweightrangeareconsideredhealthierandlesspronetodevelopingdiabetesandobesitythanheavieronessothiswasanencouragingresult.EvenmorereassuringwasthatregularexercisedidnotseemtoaffecttheflowofnutrientstothegrowingbabiesinthewomB.1.Accordingtothenewstudyapregnantwoman’sregularexercisemay_______.A.bringbenefitstoababy’sgrowthB.lowertheriskofinsulinresistanceC.putherbaby’sfoodsupplyatriskD.helpherkeepslimandhealthy2.Whatdoestheunderlinedworddetrimentmeaninthesecondparagraph?A.SomethingthatbringsgooD.B.SomethingthatbringsdamagE.C.Somethingthatbringsobstacles.D.Somethingthatbringsdevelopment.3.WhatisthepurposeoftheexperimentcarriedoutbyDr.PaulHoffman?A.Toinvestigatetheinfluenceofexerciseonpregnantwomen.B.Tofindoutwhataerobicexercisecanbenefitababy’sgrowth.C.Tomakesureoftheeffectsexercisemayhaveonbabies’birthweightD.Tocomparethedifferencesbetweenmotherswhoexerciseandwhodon’t4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Lighterbabiesaregenerallybelievedtobehealthierthanheavierones.B.Non??－exercisingmotherswilldefinitelygivebirthtoheavierbabies.C.NostudieshavelookedattheeffectofexerciseonbirthweightbeforE.D.Somewomenstudiedwereaskedtoexerciseregularlywhilesomedon’t.5.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AllmothersshouldtakeaerobicexercisE.B.MomswhoexercisegivebirthtolighterbabiesC.ExercisereducestheriskofinsulinresistancE.D.Heavierbabiesaremorelikelytodevelopdiabetes.
Toocoldforrecess?SchoolpoliciesvaryasmuchastempsWhenisittoocoldforschoolchildrentogooutsideforrecess课间休息?Theanswervarieswidelybasedonwhereaschoolislocatedandwhatthekidsareusedto.Consider:OnenorthernMinnesotaschoolsaysithastobe15belowzerobeforekidsarekeptinsidE.ButinareasalongtheEastCoasttemperaturesbelow35to40degreescouldkeepkidsinsidE.CancelingrecessbecauseofthecoldisnosmallissueconsideringthatmuchoftheUSAistremblingthroughwhatmaybeitscoldestwinterinagenerationaccordingtoAccuWeather.ThereisnonationaltemperaturestandardforwhentokeepkidsinsideduringthewintermonthstheU.S.DepartmentofEducationsays.Decisionsaremadeatthelocalleveleitherbyprincipalsorschooldistricts.Consequentlypoliciesarealloverthemap:??InInternationalFallsMinn.theself-describedIceboxoftheNationwheretheaveragehightemperatureinJanuaryis13degreesFallsElementarySchoolPrincipalJerryHilfersaysifit's15beloworwarmertheygooutnomatterwhat.At20belowitgetsiffyheadds.??InWicomicoCountyMD.principalstypicallykeepchildrenindoorswhentemperaturesdropbelowfreezingorifit'srainingorsnowingsaysSusanJonestheschoolsystem'sdirectorofelementaryeducation.That'sthebottomlinesaysCurtisTwilleyprincipalofPembertonElementarySchoolinSalisburyMD.Twilleysaysstudentsgetlittleexercisewhenrecessstaysindoors.AtPembertonElementarythestudentswilltypicallyplayboardgamesorcomputergamesinaclassroombecausetheschool'sgymisoccupiedwithotherclasseshesays.??ForschoolsinMarquetteMich.whichaveragesabout12feetofsnowperseasonschoolofficialsacknowledgestudentsareprobablyalittlemorepreparedthanthoseinsomemoremildclimates.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothepassage_________.A.Nonationaltemperaturestandardismadeforwhentokeepkidsinsideduringthewintermonths.B.SusanJonesinsistsstudentsgetlittleexercisewhenrecessstaysindoors.C.InWicomicoCountychildrenarekeptindoorswhentemperaturesdipbelowfreezing.D.Michhasabout12feetofsnowperseasononaveragE.WhichplacecallsitselfBoxofIce?WicomicoCountyB.MarquetteC.SalisburyD.MinnConsidering_______cancelingrecessInUSAbecauseofthecoldisabigissuE.A.differentschoolshavedifferentprinciples.B.muchoftheUSAhasverycoldwinter.C.physicalactivitycanbooststudentperformancE.D.decisionsaremadeatthelocallevelTheunderlinedwordiffymeans_______.A.uncertainB.surprisingC.seriousD.worseWhatwillbetalkedaboutnext?A.MoreschoolpoliciesB.Thereasonswhyschoolpoliciesvary.C.Measurestoimprovethesituation.D.Necessitiestoimprovethesituation
Accordingtothedictionarydefinitionofcreateordinarypeoplearecreativeeveryday.Tocreatemeanstobringintobeingtocausetoexistsomethingeachofusdoesdaily.Wearecreativewheneverwelookatorthinkaboutsomethinginanewway.Firstthisincludesanawareness意识ofoursurroundings.ItmeansusingallofoursensestobecomeawareofourworlD.Thismaybeassimpleasbeingawareofcolorandtexture质地aswellastastewhenweplanameal.Aboveallitistheabilitytonoticethingsthatothersmightmiss.A.secondpartofcreativityisanabilitytoseerelationshipsamongthings.IfwebelievetheexpressionThereisnothingnewunderthesunthecreativityisremakingorrecombining重组theoldinnewways.Forexamplewemightdothisbyfindingamoreeffectivewaytostudyorabetterwaytoarrangeourfurnitureorwemightmakeanewcombinationofcameralensesandfilterstocreateanunusualphotograph.A.thirdpartofcreativityisthecourageanddrivetomakeuseofournewideastoaskforthemtoachievesomenewresults.Tothinkupanewideaisonething;toputtheideatoworkisanother.Thesethreepartsofcreativityareincludedinallthegreatworksofgeniusesbuttheyarealsoincludedinmanyofourday-to-dayactivities.WhichofthefollowingactivitiesisNOTacreativeoneaccordingtothepassage?A.Toprepareforameal.B.Toarrangethefurnitureinaspecialway.C.TobuysomebooksfromabookstorE.D.Towritealetterwiththecomputer.Thereisnothingnewunderthesunreallyimpliesthat_________.A.anewthingcanonlybecreatedatthebasisofearliestthingsB.anewthingisonlyataleC.wecanseldomcreatenewthingsD.wecanhardlyseereallynewthingsintheworldWhatdoestheauthorthinkabouttherelationshipbetweenanewthoughtanditsbeingputintopractice?A.It’smoredifficulttocreateanewthoughtthantouseitinpracticE.B.Tofindanewthoughtwillclearlyleadtotheproductionofanewthing.C.Amanwithanexcellentabilityofpracticecaneasilybecomeaninventor.D.OnemaycomeupwithanewthoughtbutcannotputitintopracticE.
第三部分阅读理解共20小题每小题2分满分40分阅读下列短文从每题所给的A.B.cD四个选项中选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑A.ChinanewsBeijingJuly.29—HousingpriceinChinahasalwaysarousedheateddiscussionsamongpropertydevelopersandordinaryChinesE.TomanypropertydevelopersandlocalgovernmentofficialshousingpriceinChinaisstilllowcomparedwithmanydevelopedcountries.HowevertheaveragehousingpriceintheUnitedStatesisonly8000yuanpersquaremeterwhileinChinaitisevenhigherthanintheUnitedStates.Thisshowsthattherearesomebubbles泡沫inChineserealestatemarkettheInternationalFinanceNewsreporteD.AlthoughtheaveragepriceofresidentialhousesintheUnitedStatesafterconvenedtoReRenminbiisabout8000yuanpersquaremeterthehousesinUSarenotsoldintermsofbuildingareaasmostChinesepropertydevelopersdowhentheyselltheirhouses.IfUSpropertydevelopersselltheirhousesaccordingtothebuildingareathenthehousingpricewillbeevenlowerthan8000yuanpersquaremeter.InmostbigChinesecitiessuchasBeijingShanghaiandShenzhenhousesaresoldatapriceevenhigherthanthoseintheUS.ThehighhousingsalespriceinlargecitiesinChinaprovesthatChineserealestatemarketdoeshavesomebubbles.MoreoverChinesehousescannotbecomparedwithhousesinUSintermsofbuildingqualityenvironmentandsupportingfacilities.FurthermoreitshouldbenotedthatAmericanpeople’saverageincomeisseveraldozentimeshigherthanthatofChinesepeoplE.HowCantheChineseaffordtobuyahousewhichisevenmoreexpensivethanthatsoldinUS?Atthebeginningof2007ChinesegovernmentissuedasetofpoliciesthataimedtobenefitthepubliC.Nowinordertoreducethehighhousingprices.thegovernmentCallregulatetherealestatemarketbyraisingtaxonpropertyindustryandcontrollingthereleaseofloansandlandstopropertydevelopers.Atthesametimethegovernmentshouldallowpeopletobuildmorehousesthroughvariousfund-raisingchannels.suchasfundscollectedfrombuyersorraisedbyworkingunits.ByapplyingthesemultiplemeansitisexpectedthatthehighhousingpricescanbelowereD.56.WhatistheaveragehousingpricepersourcemeterinChina?A.8000yuan.B.10000yuan.C.7000yuan.D.It’snotmentionedherE.57.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTsupporttheideathattheaveragehousingpriceinChinaisevenhigherthanintheUnitedStates.A.ChinesehousescannotbeComparedwithhousesinUSintermsofbuildingqualityenvironmentandsupportingfamilies.B.Americanpeople’saverageincomeisseveraldozentimeshigherthanthatofChinesepeoplE.C.ThehousesinUSarenotsoldintermsofbuildingareaasmostChinesepropertydevelopersdowhentheyselltheirhouses.D.ThepopulationwhoneedhousesinChinaislargerthanintheUnitedStates.58.Howmanymeasuresarementionedinthelastparagraphinordertoreducethehighhousingprices?A.Four.B.ThreE.C.Two.D.OnE.59.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.ThehousingpriceinChinaissohighthatthegovernmentshoulddosomethingusefultopreventit.B.TherearesomebubblesinChineserealestatemarket.C.TheaveragehousingpriceinChinaisevenhigherthanintheUnitedStates.D.ChinesegovernmentissuedasetofpoliciesthataimedtobenefitthepubliC.
SportscanhelpyoukeepfitandgetintouchwithnaturE.Howeverwhetheryouareonthemountainsinthewavesoronthegrasslandyoushouldbeawarethatyoursportofchoicemighthavegreatinfluenceontheenvironment.Somesportsareresource-hungry.Golfasyoumayknoweatsupnotonlylargeareasofcountrysidebutalsotonsofwater.Besidesallsortsofchemicalsandhugeamountsofenergyareusedtokeepitscourses球场ingoodcondition.Thiscausesmajorenvironmentaleffects.ForexampleinthedryregionsofPortugalandSpaingolfisoftenheldresponsibleforseriouswatershortageinsomelocalareas.Therearemanyenvironment-friendlysports.Powerwalkingisoneofthemthatyoucouldtakeuptoday.Youdon’tneedanyspecialequipmentexceptagoodpairofshoes;andyoudon’thavetoworryaboutresourcesandyourpursE.Simpleandfreepowerwalkingcanalsokeepyoufit.Ifyouwalkregularlyitwillbegoodforyourheartandbones.Expertssaythat20minutesofpowerwalkingdailycanmakeyoufeellessanxioussleepwellandhavebetterweightcontrol.Whateversportyoutakeupyoucanmakeitgreenerbyusingenvironment-friendlyequipmentandbuyingproductsmadefromrecycledmaterials.Butthefinalgoalshouldbegreengyms.Theyarebetterreplacementsfortraditionalhealthclubsandmodernsportscenters.Membersofgreengymsplaysportsoutdoorsinthecountrysideorotheropenspaces.Thereisnospecialrequirementforyoutostartyourmembership.Andbestofallit’sfreE.Whichofthefollowingistheauthormostprobablyinfavorof?A.CyclingaroundalakE.B.Motorracinginthedesert.C.Playingbasketballinagym.D.Swimminginasportscenter.Whatdoweknowaboutgolffromthepassage?A.ItispopularinPortugalandSpain.B.Itcauseswatershortagesinsomeareas.C.Itpollutestheearthwithchemicalsandwastes.D.Itneedswaterandelectricitytokeepitscoursesgreen.Theauthorwritesthepassageto_______.A.showusthefunctionofmajorsportsB.introducedifferenttypesofenvironment-friendlysportsC.discussthemajorinfluenceofpopularsportsD.encourageustogoinforgreensports
For52yearsmyfathergotupat5:30ameverymorningwenttoworkandreturnedhomeat5:30pm.IneversawmyfatherstayedhomefromworkillnordidIeverseemyfatherlaydowntotakeanap.Hehadnohobbiesotherthantakingcareofhisfamily.Allheaskedfrommehisdaughterwastohelphimwhilehewasrepairingsomethingsowecouldhavesometimetotalk.For22yearsafterIlefthomeforcollegemyfathercalledmeat9:00ameverySunday.NineyearsagowhenIboughtmyfirsthousemyfather67yearsoldspenteighthoursadayforthreedaysinthe80-degreeKansasheatpaintingmyhousE.HewouldnotallowmetopaysomeonetohaveitdonE.AllheaskedforwasaglassoficedteA.Fiveyearsagoatage71myfatherspentfivehoursputtingtogetheraswingsetformydaughter.FouryearsagomyfatherdroveallthewayfromDenvertoTopekawithaneight-footColoradoBlueSpruce云杉inhistrucksothatwecouldhaveapartofColoradogrowingonourlanD.OnthemorningofJanuary161996mysistertelephonedme;myfatherwasinthehospitalwithananeurysm动脉瘤inFloridA.IgotonanairplaneimmediatelyandonthewayIrealizedthatIhadn’tcommunicatedwithhimasmuchasI’dalwayswantedto.Ivowed发誓thatwhenIarrivedIwouldhavealongtalkwithhim.IarrivedinFloridaat1amonlytofindthatmyfatherattheageof76hadpassedawayat9:12pm.ThistimeitwashewhodidnothavetimetotalkortimetowaitformE.1.Fromthefirstparagraphwecaninferthattheauthor’sfather______.A.wasagooddriverB.wasingoodhealthC.sometimesfellillD.hadnohobbies2.Theunderlinedphraseotherthaninthefirstparagraphcanbereplacedby______.A.exceptB.includingC.withoutD.dueto3.Accordingtothelastparagraphwecanknowthattheauthor’sfatherwasbornin______.A.1916B.1918C.1920D.19224.Theauthorwrotethearticleinorderto______.A.praiseherfatherB.rememberherfatherC.showherfatherlovedherD.letherfatherbeknown
CCancerresearchersurgedpeopleonWednesdaytotakemorevitaminD.tolowerriskofcancersayingstudiesshowedaclearlink.Oursuggestionisforpeopletoincreasetheirintake吸入摄入throughdietoravitaminsupplementDr.CedricGarlandsaidinatelephoneinterview.Garland'sresearchteamreviewed63studiesincludingseverallargelong-termonesontherelationshipbetweenvitaminD.andcertaintypesofcancerworldwidebetween1966and2004.There'snothingthathasthisabilitytopreventcancerhesaidurginggovernmentsandpublichealthofficialstodomoretofortify增强foodswithvitaminD.GarlandispartofaUniversityofCaliforniaatSanDiegoMooresCancerCenterteamthatpublisheditsfindingsthisweekonlineintheAmericanJournalofPublicHealth.VitaminD.isfoundinmilkaswellasinsomefortifiedorangejuiceyogurtandcheesesusuallyataround100internationalunitsIUaserving.Peoplemightwanttoconsideravitaminsupplementtoraisetheirintaketo1000IUsperdayGarlandsaidaddingthatitwaswellwithinthesafetyguidelinesestablishedbytheNationalAcademyofSciences.TheauthorssaidthattakingmorevitaminD.couldbeespeciallyimportantforpeoplelivinginnorthernareaswhichreceivelessvitaminD.fromsunshinE.AfricanAmericanswhodon'tproduceasmuchofthevitaminbecauseoftheirskincolourcouldalsobenefitsignificantlyfromahigherintaketheauthorssaiD.66.AccordingtothepassagepeopleareadvisedtotakemoreVitaminDbecause__.A.itisnutritiousB.itcan‘tharmpeople’shealthC.itcanlowercancerriskD.itisnottakenenougheveryday67.WhichofthefollowingcannothelppeoplegetmoreVitaminD?A.HavesomesunshineB.HavemoremeatC.HavemorefortifiedcheeseD.Haveavitaminsupplement68.WhocanGarlandprobablybe?A.A.healthresearcherB.A.doctorC.A.scientistD.A.publichealthofficial69.Whichofthefollowingfoodcanlowerpeople‘schanceofgettingcancer?A.MilkB.FortifiedorangejuiceC.FortifiedyogurtD.Alloftheabove70.PeoplefromwhichareashouldtakemoreVitaminD.accordingtothepassage?A.AsianpeopleB.AfricanpeopleC.AmericanpeopleD.Europeanpeople
Everyoneknowswhataneedleis.Ofcoursethereareneedlesandneedles:Needlesforsewingmachinesneedlesforinjection注射younameit.Butfewpeoplethinkofthewonder:aneedleworksinthehandsofthosewhopracticeacupuncture针刺疗法.DuringthepasttenyearsorsoIhavebeensufferingfromterribleheadachE.Itseemstobegettingfrombadtoworsethesedays.LastnightIgotasuddenpaininmyheaD.ItwassoterriblethatIcouldhardlybear忍受it.AlthoughIswallowedallkindsofpain-killers止痛药Ididn’tfeelanybetterItseemedthattherewasnothingIcoulddobutphoneforadoctor.Oneofourneighbourshappenedtobewithus.Hewasnotadoctorbuthetimidly胆怯地offeredhishelpsayingDoyoumindifItriedacupunctureonyou?TheseneedlesmaypossiblydoyousomegooD.IagreeD.InamomenthehadtakenoutafewneedlesfromhispursE.Withoutamoment’sdelayhefixedafewneedlesintotheskinonmyheadhereandthereBeforelongIfeltthoroughlyrelieved缓解疼痛.JustthenthedoctorspedthroughmyhouseandsaidWhereisourpatient?SorryDoctorYouaretoolateIt’skilled!Iansweredindelight.It’smiracleisn’tit?Theunderlinedphrasefrombadtoworseinthesecondparagraphreferstotheman’s.A.characterB.lifeC.headacheD.healthWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.theneighbourfixedneedlesonhisownheadB.Theneighbourisakind-heartedperson.C.Theman’spainwaskilledbeforethedoctorarrivedD.SoonaftertheacupuncturethemanwascompletelyrecovereD.ThesentencesYouaretoolatE.It’skilled.meanthat.A.thepainwaskilledbecausethedoctorcamelateB.themanwaskilledbecausethedoctorcametoolateC.beforethedoctorcametheman’sheadachewasalreadycuredD.itwastoolateandthemanhadgoneawayThepassagetellsusthat.A.everyoneknowsthatacupunctureisamiracleB.theneighbourwantedtouseacupunctureoneverypatientC.theeffectofacupunctureonthemanwasunbelievableD.thepatientdidnotbelieveinacupuncture
LikeagrowingnumberofyoungwomeninVietnam’snorthernpartcityofHaiphongPhamThiHuewasinfectedwithHIVbyherhusbandoneofthetown’smanydrugusers.ButinsteadofbeingshamedintosilenceasVietnamesewithHIVandAIDSarethe25-year-oldtailorandmotherofonewentpublicappearingontelevisionandatconferences.Herbusinesssufferedandherneighborsinsulted辱骂herbutHuehasnowbecomethepublicfaceofMothersandWivesanHIV/AIDSsupportgroupestablishedinHaiphongbyaNorwegiannongovernmentalorganizationandherneighborhood’sPeople’sCommitteE.Lastyearshefoundedasmallergroupnamedafteralocalflower.Peoplewhoneedadviceontreatmentorhelppreparingbodiesforburialcandialahotlineandgetassistancefromableandsympathetic同情的HIVvictims.WegathertosupporteachotherHuesays.Whenwearesickwhatweneedmostisencouragementandcomfortfrompeoplewhounderstandoursituationandarewillingtoshareourhappinessaswellasoursadness.OnahotanddampnightlastmonthHuewelcomedintohersmallhomeaverythinwomanalsoatailorwhowasHIVpositivE.ThewomantearfullytoldHuethatshehadnottoldanyoneaboutherconditionfearingthatshewouldlosecustomersandthatherdaughterwouldbeinsultedatschool.HuebecamethewiseelderofferingmedicalandpersonaladvicE.WhatdidPhamThiHuedoaftershewasinfectedwithHIV?A.ShekeptsilentB.SheworkedasusualC.Shestayedathomeandcriedeveryday.D.Shewentpublicandgavehelptoothers.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthegroupPhamThiHuefoundedismadeupof____.A.drugusersB.HIVvictimsC.allkindsofpatientsD.poorpeopleFromthepassagewecanlearnthatPhamThiHueisawomanwhois_______.A.weakandkindB.foolishandidleC.braveandhelpfulD.cautiousandenergetic
A.smallpieceoffisheachdaymaykeeptheheartdoctoraway.That'sthefindingofascientificstudyofDutchmeninwhichdeathsfromheartdiseaseweremorethan50percentloweramongthosewhoconsumedatleastanounce盎司ofsaltwaterfishperdaythanthosewhoneveratefish.TheDutchresearchisoneofthreehumanstudiesthatholdthebeliefthateatingfishcanprovidehealthbenefitsparticularlytotheheart.Heartdiseaseisthenumber-onekillerintheUnitedStateswithmorethan550000deathsoccurringfromheartattackseachyear.Butresearcherspreviouslyhavenoticedthattheincidence发生率ofheartdiseaseislowerinculturesthatconsumemorefishthanAmericansdo.TherearefewerheartdiseasedeathsforexampleamongtheEskimosofGreenlandwhoconsumeabout14ouncesoffishadayandamongtheJapanesewhosedailyfishconsumptionaveragesmorethan3ounces.20090519
SomethinginchocolatecouldbeusedtostopcoughsandleadtomoreeffectivemedicinessayUKresearchers.Theirstudyfoundthattheobrominefoundincocoawasnearlyathirdmoreeffectiveinstoppingcoughsthancodeinewhichwasconsideredthebestcoughmedicineatpresent.TheImperialCollegeLondonresearcherswhopublishedtheirresultsonlinesaidthediscoverycouldleadtomoreeffectivecoughtreatment.Whilecoughingisnotnecessarilyharmful有害的itcanhaveamajoreffectonthequalityoflifeandthisdiscoverycouldbeahugestepforwardintreatingthisproblemsaidProfessorPeterBarnes.Tenhealthyvolunteers志愿者weregiventheobrominecodeineorplaceboapillthatcontainsnomedicineduringtheexperiment.Neitherthevolunteersnortheresearchersknewwhoreceivedwhichpill.Theresearchersthenmeasuredlevelsofcapsaicinwhichisusedinresearchtocausecoughingandasasignofhowwellthemedicinearestoppingcoughs.Theteamfoundthatwhenthevolunteersweregiventheobrominethecapsaicinneedtoproduceacoughwasaroundathirdhigherthanintheplacebogroup.Whentheyweregivencodeinetheyneedonlyslightlyhigherleversofcapsaicintocauseacoughcomparedwiththeplacebo.Theresearcherssaidthattheobromineworkedbykeepingdownaverveactivity神经活动whichcausecoughing.Theyalsofoundthatunlikesomestandardcoughtreatmentstheobrominecausednosideeffectssuchassleepiness.AccordingtoProfessorBarnestheobromine______.A.cannotbeaseffectiveascodeineB.canbeharmfultopeople’shealthC.cannotbeseparatedfromchocolateD.canbeamoreeffectivecureforcoughsWhatwasusedintheexperimenttocausecoughing?A.TheobrominE.B.CodeinE.C.Capsaicin.D.Placebo.Welearnfromthetextthatvolunteersintheexperiment_____.A.werepatientswithbadcoughsB.weredividedintothethreegroupsC.receivedstandardtreatmentsD.sufferedlittlesideeffectsWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Codeine:A.NewMedicineB.ChocolateMayCureCoughsC.CoughTreatment:A.HardCaseD.TheobromineCanCauseCoughs
ChemicalsusedforindustrialprocessesoftencreatedangerousformsofwastE.TheamountofthesechemicalshasrisenheavilyinthepastfewyearsasmoreareasoftheworldindustrializeandnewproductsareproduceD.Over80000differentchemicalsareusedinindustriesworldwidE.Aroundtheworldhundredsofmillionsoftonsofharmfulwasteareproducedeachyear.Oftenitisdifficultandexpensivetogetridofthesechemicalsortostoretheminawaythatdoesnotendangerhumanlifeandtheenvironment.EveryyearmajorhealthproblemsresultfromharmfulwastE.SadlyitisoftenwhensomeonehasdiedorbecomeseriouslyillthatgovernmentswilltakeactionandreducelevelsofdumpedharmfulwastE.In1989aschoolinNewJerseyhadtobeclosedbecausestudentstherehadsufferedtoomuchexposuretochromium.ItwaslaterlearnedthatlargeamountsofchromiumhadbeendumpednearbyandblownovertotheschoolareA.Researchhasbeendonetoprovideinformationontheeffectsofeverychemical.Becausewastechemicalsoftenmixtogetheritwillalsobenecessarytolearnhowthecombinationsofthesechemicalsaffecthumanhealth.SomegovernmentshaverealizedhowserioustheproblemisandaremakinglawstogetridofharmfulwastE.TheyarealsotryingtolimittheamountofwasteindustriesareallowedtoproducE.Notonlygovernmentsbutthepublicaswellmustformpartofthesolution.Theycanchoosenottobuythoseproductswhichrequiretheproductionofharmfulwasteattempttoaffectpolicymakersandproducelessharmfulwastethemselves.Manyscientiststhinkthatwasteproductioncanbecut.Thewastecanbereducedbyatleastone-thirdusingexistingtechnologiesandmethods.57.Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?A.Theeffectofeverychemical.B.ProblemsofharmfulwastE.C.Chemicalsusedforindustrialprocesses.D.Eventsrelatedtowastechemicals.58.Fromthetextweknowthat______.A.chromiumcanpoisonpeoplewhenthereisawindB.chromiumpollutionmakesthelocalgovernmentclosetheschoolC.Somegovernmentsdon’trealizehowserioustheproblemsareuntilpeoplesufferalotfromharmfulwasteD.abouttwo-thirdsofthewastecanpollutetheenvironment59.Whichofthefollowingleastmatchesthesolutionthewriterrefersto?A.ChemicalsusedforindustrialprocessesshouldbebanneD.B.PeoplecanmakeuseoftheexistingtechnologiesandmethodstoreducethewasteC.PolicymakersmakelawstolimittheproductionofharmfulwastE.D.PeoplechoosenottobuyproductswhichmayproduceharmfulwastE.60.Thewriterofthetextthinksthat______.A.governmentsshouldhaveforbiddentheproductionofwastechemicalsB.mixedwastechemicalscanalwaysbestoredwithoutendangeringpeopleC.industriesmustnotproducewastechemicalswhichharmpeoplesomuchD.everyonecandosomethingtohelpsolvetheproblemofwastechemicals
ThereisanoldsayinginEnglishLaughteristhebestmedicine.Untilrecentlyfewpeopletookthesayingveryseriously.Nowhoweverdoctorshavebeguntoinvestigatelaughterandtheeffectsithasonthehumanbody.Theyhavefoundevidencethatlaughterreallycanimprovepeople'shealth.Testswerecarriedouttostudytheeffectsoflaughteronthebody.Peoplewatchedfunnyfilmswhiledoctorscheckedtheirheartratebloodpressurebreathingandmuscles.ItwasfoundthatlaughterhassimilareffectstophysicalexercisE.Itincreasesbloodpressuretheheartrateandtherateofbreathingitalsoworksseveralgroupsofmusclesinthefacethestomachandeventhefeet.Iflaughterexercisesthebodyitmustbebeneficial.Othertestshaveshownthatlaughterappearstobecapableofreducingtheeffectofpainonthebody.Inoneexperimentdoctorsproducedpainingroupsofstudentswholistenedtodifferentradioprograms.Thegroupwhichtoleratedthepainforthelongesttimewas'thegroupwhichlistenedtoafunnyprogram.Thereasonwhylaughtercanreducepainseemstobethatithelpstoproduceendorphins内啡肽inthebrain.Thesearenaturalchemicalswhichdiminishbothstressandpain.Thereisalsosomeevidencetosuggestthatlaughterhelpsthebody'simmune免疫的systemthatisthesystemwhichfightsinfection.Inanexperimentonegroupofstudentswatchedafunnyvideowhileanothergroupservedasthecontrolgroup-inotherwordsagroupwithwhichtocomparethefirstgroup.Doctorscheckedthebloodofthestudentsinbothgroupsandfoundthatthepeopleinthegroupthatwatchedthevideohadanincreaseintheactivityoftheirwhitebloodcellsthatisthecellswhichfightinfection.Asaresultofthesediscoveriessomedoctorsandpsychiatrists精神病学家intheUnitedStatesnowholdlaughterclinicsinwhichtheytrytoimprovetheirpatients'conditionbyencouragingthemtolaugh.Theyhavefoundthateveniftheirpatientsdonotreallyfeellikelaughingmakingthemsmileisenoughtoproducebeneficialeffectssimilartothosecausedbylaughter.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthatlaughter____________________.A.isgoodforone'shealthB.isrelatedtosomeillnessC.hasbeeninvestigatedlongsinceD.hasnoeffectonthebodyDoctorshavefoundthatlaughter_______________________.A.keepsdownbloodpressurE.B.hassimilareffectstophysicalexerciseC.decreasestheheartrateD.increasesstressWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueoflaughteraccordingtothepassage?A.Itreducespain.B.Itexercisesthebody.C.Itimprovesthebody'simmunesystem.D.Itcancurecancer.Thewriter'sattitudetowardslaughteris__________.A.criticalB.doubtfulC.positiveD.negative
InreallifethedailystrugglesbetweenparentsandchildrenarearoundthesenarrowproblemsofanextrahourextraTVshowandsoonsaidAviSadehpsychologyprofessoratTelAvivUniversity.ToolittlesleepandmoreaccidentshesaiD.SadehandhiscolleaguesfoundanextrahourofsleepcanmakeabigdifferencE.ThechildrenwhosleptlongeralthoughtheywokeupmorefrequentlyduringthenightscoredhigherontestsSadehreportedintheMarch/AprilissueofjournalChildDevelopment.Whenthechildrensleptlongertheirsleepqualitywassomewhatweakbutinspiteofthistheirperformanceforstudyimprovedbecausetheextrasleepwasmoresignificantthanthereductioninsleepquality.SadehsaiD.Somestudiessuggestedthatlackofsleepasachildaffectsdevelopmentintoadulthoodandit’smorelikelytodeveloptheirattentiondisorderwhentheygrowolder.InearlierstudiesSadeh’steamfoundthatfourthgraderssleptanaverageof8.2hoursandsixthgraderssleptanaverageof7.7hours.PreviousresearchhasshownchildreninelementaryschoolneedatleastninehoursofsleepanightonaregularbasissaidCarlHuntdirectoroftheNationalCenteronSleepDisordersResearchinBethesdaandhigh-school-agechildrenneedsomewhatlesshesaidaddingtheresultsofinsufficientsleepcouldbeserious.AtiredchildisanaccidentwaitingtohappenHuntsaiD.Andaskidsgetoldertoysgetbiggerandtheriskshigher.Huntalsosaidtoolittlesleepcouldresultinlearningandmemoryproblemsandlong-termeffectsonschoolperformancE.ThisisanimportantextensionofwhatwealreadyknowHuntsaidofSadeh’sresearchaddingsleepisasimportantasnutrition营养andexercisetogoodhealth.ToputitintorealityHuntsaidparentsshouldmakesuretheyknowwhentheirchildrenactuallyaregoingtosleepandtheirroomsareconducivetosleepinginsteadofplaying.WhatisChildDevelopment?A.AnewstoryBA.popularbookC.A.periodicalmagazineDA.TVprogrammeHowmanypersonsareexactlymentionedinthetext?A.OneB.TwoC.ThreeD.FourTheunderlinedphraseconducivetointhelastsentencemeans________.A.helpingtohappenB.influencedbyC.fullofD.acceptableofWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.TherearesomedailystrugglesbetweenparentsandchildrenbecauseofhavingnothingincommonwithextraresttimE.B.Thechildrenwhosleeplongerareweakintheirstudy.C.LackofsleepasachildhasgreateffectontheirdevelopmentintoadulthooD.D.Ingeneralchildreninelementaryschoolneedatleastninehoursofsleepanight.
Healthyeatingbeginswithlearninghowtoeatsmart.It’snotjustwhatyoueat.howyoueat.Payattentiontowhatyoueatandchoosingfoodsthatarebothnourishingenjoyablehelpssupportanoverallhealthydiet.TaketimetochewyourfoodChewyourfoodslowlysavoringeverybitE.Wetendtorushthroughourmealsforgettingtoactuallytastetheflavorsandfeelthetextures质地ofisinourmouths.Reconnectwithjoyofeating.AvoidstresswhileeatingAvoideatingwhileworkingdrivingarguingorwatchingTV.TrytakingsomedeepbreathsbeforebeginningyourmealorlightcandlesandplaysoothingmusictocreatearelaxingatmospherE.ListentoyourbodyAskifyouarereallyhungry.Youmayreallybethirstysotrydrinkingaglassofwaterfirst.Duringamealstopeatingbeforeyoufeelfull.Itactuallytakesafewminutesyourbraintotellyourbodythatithashadfoodsoeatslowly.EatearlyStartingyourdayahealthybreakfastcanjumpstartyourmetabolism新陈代谢andeatingearlyinthedaygivesyourbodytimetoworkthosecaloriesoff.
AsAH1N1flucontinuestospreadexpertsfromtheWorldHealthOrganizationarecallingforeveryonetopracticesmartflupreventiontechniques.Besideswashingyourhandsandgettingenoughsleepherearetheother7waystokeepyourbodystrongandyourimmune免疫systemreadytofightinfection.AvoidContactwithSickPeopleFluvirusisspreadwhenparticles微粒blownintotheairthroughacoughorsneezereachsomeoneelse’snosE.Soifyou’recoughingorsneezingcoveryourmouthandthenwashyourhandsandifyouhavetobearoundsomeonewhoissicktrytostayafewfeetawayfromthemandavoidphysicalcontact.EatImmune–BoostingFoodsKeepingyourbodystrongandreadytofightinfectionisimportantinfluprevention.Fattyfoodscanmakeyoufeellazyandmakeyourimmunesystemworkinginaninactiveandcompromisedway.Sostickwithwholesgrainscolorfulvegetablesandvitamin–richfruits.AvoidAlcoholInadditiontobeingamoodcalmandpleasantalcoholisanimmunerestrictionthatcanactuallydecreaseyourresistancetovirusinfectionslikeAH1N1flu.Soavoidalcoholtokeepyourimmunesystemstrong.DrinkEnoughWaterDrink8–10glassesofwatereachdaytowashoutpoisonousthingsfromyoursystemandmaintainsysteminagoodstateKeepPhysicallyActiveAdequateexercise–forexamplewalkingfor30to40minutes3or4timesaweek–supportstheimmunesystembyincreasingcirculationspeedingthebody’soxygen–taking–intakingawaypoisonousthingsthroughsweatandreleasingtensionandstress.Sogetmoving!BeCarefulofSurfacesThisisasmuchamindfulnessexerciseasanythingelsE.Beawareofwhatpublicsurfacesyoutouchwhenyou’veshakenhandswithsomeoneorwhenyou’reusingsomethinglikeapenthatothershaverecentlyused–anddon’ttouchyourfaceuntilyou’vehadachancetowashyourhands.KnowWhentoGetHelpAH1N1flucanlooklikeregularflusodon’tfeellikeyounecessarilyareinfectedifyou’reexhibitingflu–likesymptoms.ButdoconsultyourdoctorifyoursymptomsareseverE.
Huntingwithbirdsisaveryoldsport.Insomecountriesthegoldeneagleisusedforhuntingwildanimals.Theyareusedforhuntingfoxesandwolves.TraininganeagletohunttakesalongtimE.Hunterscatchyoungeaglesinnetsmadeofhair.AfterbeingtrainedtheeagleistakentoafielD.A.blindfoldoverthebird’seyeskeepsitquietuntilthehunterisready.Theeaglesitsinthearmofthehunter.Thehunter’sarmiscoveredwithalongspecialglovetoprotectitfromthesharpclawsofthebirD.InthefieldassoonasthehunterseesafoxorawolfheremovestheblindfolD.Theeaglequicklyfliesintotheairandbegantolookforthewildanimal.Theeagleseestheanimalandcatchesitwithclawslikesteel.Itsbeakandclawsarestrongenoughtoholdtheanimal.Usuallythebirdcarriestheanimalbacktothehunter.Sometimesfastanimalswithgoodeyescangetaway.61.Ahuntingeagleistrainedwhen_________.A.itisstillyoungB.itistakentoafieldC.itseyesarecoveredwithablindfoldD.thehunterisready62.Huntersusenetsmadeofhairto________.A.trainyoungfoxesB.catchyoungwolvesC.trainyoungeaglesD.catchyoungeagles63.Thetrainedeagle_______.A.carriesthehunterhomeB.wearsablindfoldwhenhuntingananimalC.iscoveredwithalongspecialgloveD.hasstrongclawslikesteel64.Ahunterwearsaspecialgloveto_______.A.protecthisarmfromthesharpclawsofatrainedeagleB.protecthisarmfromthesharpclawsofayoungfoxC.protecthisarmfromthesharpclawsofayoungwolfD.protecthisarmfromthesharpclawsofwildanimals65.Accordingtothetextwhichofthefollowingistrue?A.FastanimalswithsharpeyesaresometimesdifficulttocatchB.AssoonastheblindfoldisremovedtheeaglefliesintoatreeC.Huntersalwaysblindfoldyoungeaglesbeforetrainingthem.D.Sometimeshunterstrainyoungfoxestheyhavecaught.
Somerecentreportsonthedeathpenaltyhavebroughtsomeinterestingresponsesfromreadersalloverthecountry.AlthoughIreallydon’tliketomakefunofpeoplewhoopposethedeathpenaltybecausetheyaresosincereIwishtheywouldcomeupwithsomenewargumentstoreplacetheworn-outones.Forexamplemanysaidsomethinglikethis:Wouldn’titbebettertokeepthekillersalivesopsychiatrists精神科医生canstudytheminordertofindoutwhatmakesthemthewaytheyare?Ittakestheaveragepsychiatristaboutfiveyearstofigurewhyaguywantstostopfortwodrinksafterworkandwon’tquitsmoking.SohowlongdoyouthinkitwilltakehimtodeterminewhysomebodywithanIQof92decidedtomurderthelittleoldladywholivesnextdoor?Besideswehaveahugenumberofkillersinourprisons—morethanenoughtokeepallthenation’spsychiatristsbusyforthenext20years.Anotherstandardis:Thepurposeofthelawshouldbetoprotectsocietynottogivecruelpunishmentsuchasthedeathpenalty.Inthatcaseweshouldteardownalltheprisonsandletallthecriminalsgobecausemostpeoplewouldconsideralongperiodinprisontobecruelpunishment—especiallythosewhoarelockedup.Even30daysintheCookCountyPrisonisnopicniC.And:Whatgivessocietytherighttotakealifeifanindividualcan’t?Theindividualswhomakeupsocietygiveitthatright.Societiesperformmanyfunctionsthatindividualscan’t.Wecan’tcarrygunsandshootpeoplebutwegivethatrighttopolicE.Wordscannotexplainthesufferingthefamiliesofmurdervictimsarelefttolivewith.Thefamiliessufferaterriblelossandtheylivewithterriblememories.Theknowledgethatthekillersarealiveandwillprobablyremainaliveandcaredforbysocietyisextremelypainful.ProbablypeoplewhoopposethedeathpenaltyshouldtryexplainingtothesepeoplehowcruelitistokillsomeonE.72.What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardsdeathpenalty?A.Deathpenaltyisamust.B.Deathpenaltydoesn’tsolvealltheproblems.C.Deathpenaltyshouldbepracticedmorecarefully.D.Deathpenaltyshouldonlybeusedonmurderers.73.Howmanyargumentsagainstdeathpenaltyarediscussedinthepassage?A.TwoB.ThreeC.FourD.Five74.Whatdoesthelastsentenceofthetextsuggest?A.It’scrueltousedeathpenaltytokillsomeonE.B.Murdervictimsneedmorecomfortfromthesociety.C.Opponentsofdeathpenaltyshouldofferexplanations.D.Murderersshouldbeputtodeathasthepunishment.75.Theauthordevelopsthepassageby_______.A.providingtypicalexamplesofdeathpenaltyB.followingthenaturaltimeorderC.presentingandanalyzingideasD.comparingopinionsfromdifferentfields
Stayingpositivethroughthecoldseasoncouldbeyourbestdefenseagainstgettingillnewstudyfindingssuggest.Inanexperimentthatexposedhealthyvolunteerstoacoldorfluvirusresearchersfoundthatpeoplewithagenerallysunnycharacterwerelesslikelytofallill.ThefindingspublishedinthejournalPsychosomaticMedicinebuildonevidencethatapositiveemotionalstylecanhelptoprotectusfromsufferingthecommoncoldandotherillnesses.Researchersbelievethereasonsmaybebothobjective—asinhappinessimprovingimmunefunction—andsubjective—asinhappypeoplebeinglesstroubledbyasorethroatorrunnynosE.PeoplewithapositiveemotionalstylemayhavedifferentimmuneresponsestothevirusexplainedleadstudyauthorDrSheldonCohenofCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh.AndwhentheydogetacoldtheymayinterprettheirillnessasbeinglessseverE.Cohenandhiscolleagueshadfoundinapreviousstudythathappierpeopleseemedlesslikelytocatchacoldbutsomequestionsremainedastowhethertheemotionalstyleitselfhadtheeffect.Forthenewstudytheresearchershad193healthyadultscompletestandardmeasuresofpersonalitycharacteristicsself-felthealthandemotionalstylE.Thosewhohadatendencytobehappyenergeticandeasy-goingwerejudgedashavingapositiveemotionalstylewhilethosewhowereoftenunhappytenseandaggressivehadanegativestylE.Theresearchersgavethemnasal鼻腔的dropscontainingeitheracoldvirusoraparticularfluvirus.OverthenextsixdaysthevolunteersreportedonanyachespainsorsneezingtheyhadwhiletheresearcherscollectedobjectivedatA.CohenandhiscolleaguesfoundthatbasedonobjectivemeasuresofnasaltroubleshappypeoplewerelesslikelytodevelopacolD.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?______A.StayAwayfromBeingNegativeB.PositiveorNegativeIt’sUptoYou.C.EmotionalStyleandFlu.D.OptimisticPeopleLikelytoKeepDiseasesAway.AccordingtoDrCohen’sresearchthereasonwhysomepeopleareunlikelytocatchacoldmaybethat______.A.theircheerfulmoodbenefitstheimmunesystemB.theyhavedevelopedacertainwayagainstfluvirusC.theyarelesslikelytohaveasorethroatandrunnynoseD.theyhavegotastrongerself-confidenceintheirhealthTheresearchisdoneby______.A.gettingvolunteersinoneemotionalgroupandanalyzingthemB.conductingamedicalexperimentonvolunteersofdifferentemotionalstylesC.collectingandanalyzingvolunteers’objectivenasalproductiondataD.havingvolunteersanswerquestionsonpersonalityhealthandemotions
Doctorssayangercanbeanextremelydamagingemotionunlessyoulearnhowtodealwithit.Theywarnthatangercanleadtoheartdiseasestomachproblemsheadachesemotionalprobemsandpossiblycancer.AngerisanormalemotionthatweallfeelfromtimetotimE.Somepeopleexpressangeropenlyinacalmreasonableway.Otherburstwithangerandscreamandyell咆哮.ButotherpeoplekeeptheirangerinsidE.Theycannotorwillnotexpressit.Thisiscalledrepressinganger.Foryearsmanydoctorsthoughtthatrepressingangerwasmoredangeroustoaperson'shealththanexpressingit.Theysaidthatwhenapersonisangrythebrainreleasesthesamehor-mones荷尔蒙.TheyspeedtheheartrateraisebloodpressureorsugarintothebloodetC.Ingeneralthepersonfeelsexcitedandreadytoact.Somedoctorssaythatbothrepressingandexpressingangercanbedangerous.TheybelievethatthosewhoexpressangerviolentlymaybemorelikelytodevelopheartdiseaseandtheybelievethatthosewhokeeptheirangerinsidemayfaceagreaterdangerofhighbloodpressurE.Doctorssaythesolution解决办法islearninghowtodealwithanger.Theysaythefirststepistoadmitthatyouareangryandtorecognizetherealcauseoftheangerthendecideifthecauseisseriousenoughtogetangryabout.IfitistheysayDonotexpressyourangerwhileangry.Waituntilyourangerhascooleddownandyouareabletoexpressyourselfcalmlyandreasonably.Doctorssaythatagoodwaytodealwithangeristofindhumorinthesituationthathasmadeyouangry.Theysaidthatlaughterismuchhealthierthananger.Damagingemotionmeansthat_________.A.theemotionisharmlessB.theemotionisharmfulC.thefeelingisverystrongD.thefeelingishardExpressingangerviolently_________repressingitaccordingtosomescientists.A.isjustthesameasB.ismoreharmfulthanC.isnobetterthanD.ismuchbetterthanAccordingtotheauthoryou'dbetter_________.A.neverbeangryB.coolitdownbeforeyouexpressitC.laughandlaughwhenyougetangryD.admityouarewrongwhenyouareangry
It’sbeenclaimedthatplayingamusicalinstrumentmakesyousmarter.Newresearchsuggeststhatregularlyplayingamusicalinstrumentchangestheshapeandpowerofthebrainandmaybeusedintherapy疗法toimprovecognitive认知skills.Expertssaythereisgrowingevidencethatmusicianshavebrainsthatarestructurallyandfunctionallydifferentfromthoseofnon-musiciansespeciallyintheareasofthebrainusedinprocessing处理信息Thepartsofthebrainthatcontrolmotorskillsthestorageofaudioinformationhearingandmemorybecomelargerandmoreactivewhenapersonlearnshowtoplayaninstrumentandcanapparentlyimprovethealertness警觉andplanning.LutzJanckeapsychologistattheUniversityofZurichsaidLeaningtoplayamusicalinstrumenthasgreatbenefitsandcanincreaseIQbysevenpointsinbothchildrenandadults.Wefoundthatevenpeopleovertheageof65afterfourorfivemonthsofplayinganinstrumentforanhouraweekhadstrongchangesinthebrain.ThepartsofthebrainthatcontrolhearingandmemoryandthepartthatcontrolsthehandsamongothersallbecomemoreactivE.Ofcoursemusicisn’ttheonlyanswerbutIdobelievethatitshouldbeusedinadditiontootherthings.Mr.Janckealsosaidthatlearningamusicalinstrumentcouldalsomakeiteasiertolearnforeignlanguagesandmakeonemoresensitivetounderstandingtheemotionsofothers.Sonotonlydoesthismakeiteasiertopickupotherlanguagesandhaveabettermemoryofone’sownwehavealsoseenmusiciansareabletopickoutexactlywhatothersarefeelingjustbythetonesoftheirvoices—sympathydisappointmentthatkindofthings.HeaddedSeveralstudiesindeedshowthatplayingmusicincreasesmemoryandlanguageskillsbutmoreresearchisneedeD.1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Howtousemusicalinstruments.B.Howmusicaffectsthebrain.C.Howplayingmusicmakespeoplesmarter.D.ThedevelopmentofresearchintomusiC.2.Comparedwithnon-musicians__________.A.musiciansarebetteratforeignlanguagesB.musiciansaremoreactiveinsportsC.musicianshavestrongeremotionsD.musicians’brainsworkdifferentlyinprocessing3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTabenefitofplayinganinstrument?A.Itmakesiteasierforonetopickupforeignlanguages.B.Itallowsonetoshowhisfeelingsmoreexactlytoothers.C.Itgivesoneabettermemoryinone’sownlanguagE.D.itmakesoneunderstandothers’feelingsbetter.4.FromLuzJanckeweleanthat_________.A.playinganinstrumentbenefitschildrenmorethanadultsB.playinganinstrumenthasnobenefitsforpeopleover65C.somestudiesshowplayingmusiccanincreasememoryD.hewilldomoreresearchintobraindevelopmentandmusic
Eatingdisorderisverycommonnow.WhenIfirstwroteaboutthis.theproblemwasprettymuchhiddenIdidn'texpectittogetasbadasitis.SusieOrbachaninternationalauthority权威oneatingdisorderssaiD.Orbachmustattimesthinktheanti-dietmessageofherbookfatisaFeministIssue女权主义问题hasbeenlostsinceitwaswrittenmorethan20yearsago.Girlsboysoldpeople--eventhefamouslywell-roundedfemalepopulationofFijiarefallingvictims牺牲品tofatfear.IfanythingthesituationhasgotmuchmuchworsE.Wenowhavekidsasyoungaseightandwomeninoldpeople'shomesworriedaboutthewaytheylook.OrbachsaiD.Eventhoughithasbeenprovedthatrepeateddietingresultsinalittlemorethanregainingmostofthelostweightconstantdietinghasbecomeawayoflifeformanywomen.48percentofBritishwomenaged25to35wereonsomekindofdietand20percentofyoungwomendietedallormostoftimE.Someofthemsaidtheywouldpopapilltogivethemtheirbeautifulshapeevenifitmeantriskingtheirhealth.Worldwide70millionpeoplehaveaneatingdisorder.Mostarewomenbutmenareincreasinglyaffectedtoo.MorethanhalfthewomenandtwothirdsofthemeninBritainweightoomuch.whileintheUnitedStatesmorethanonequarterofadultsandaboutoneinfivechildrenareoverweight.Theideathatfemalebeautyisaverythinbodycouldbechangedifclothingfactoriesandmagazinesshowedimages形象ofwomenofallshapesinsteadofselectingskeletal-likemodelsandstick-thinactress.ButthatiseasiersaidthandonE.TogetthemessageacrossOrbachisalsoconsideringtalkingtopopstarssuchasVictoriaBeckhamandGeriHalliwellbothofwhomhaveadmitted__________________.1.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?2.Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?LotsofwomenhaschosenconstantdietingaspartofthirlifedespitethefactthatconstantdiettingleadstothelostweightbeingregaineD.3.PleasefillintheblankinthepassagewithproperwordsorphrasestocompletethesentencE.withintenwords4.Areyouinfavorofdieting?Andwhy?within30words5.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinesE.
ForaslongasIcanrememberIhavebeenverybadatarguingwithpeoplE.AssoonassomeonedisagreeswithmeIgetangrybecauseIfeelattackedliketheotherpersonisouttoshowthatIamwrong.AndforsomereasonIhatebeingwrong!SomyimmediatereactionistogetverydefensiveIraisemyvoiceandIendupsayingsomethingIlaterregret.Needlesstosaythewholethingendswithmebeatingmyselfupandtheotherpersonfeelingalienated疏远frommE.ThisbothersmeespeciallybecausemymotherdoestheexactsamethingandIhateit!IhavenoticedthistendencyinmeforalongtimenowbutIhaveneverbeenabletostop.Ididsomeangermanagementworkwithatherapist治疗专家awhileagobutbecauseImovedandturnedtoanadvisoratschoolwhocannotseemeregularlyIhavenotbeenabletocontinuethisimportantwork.Theytellyoutostopandcountto10controlyourbreathingcalmyourselfdownbeforeyoutalk.Butthat'sthewholeproblemIcouldneverthinkofstoppingmyselfuntilitwastoolate!ThehurtfulthingshadalreadycomeoutofmymouthandIwasstuckpickingupthepieces.Rightnowtheproblemisurgentbecausemyrelationshipwithawonderfulboyfriendisindangerbecauseofmyinsecurityandhatredofbeingwrong.HeisclosinghimselfofftomebecauseIhavehurthimandnodoubtIamnolongerattractiveasawomanwithnoconfidenceinherselfandabadtemper.HowdoIstopruiningmyrelationshipsandhatingmyself?HowdoIstophatingbeingwrong?67.Inwhatsituationwillthewritergetangryeasily?A.WhenshehasargumentwithpeoplE.B.Whenpeopledisagreewithher.C.WhensheisattackeD.D.Whenshedoessomethingwrong.68.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthefirstparagraphmean?A.MymotherdisagreeswithmE.B.MymotheralienatesherselffrommE.C.MymotherhasthesameproblemwithmE.D.MymotherdoesthesamewrongtomE.69.Inthesecondparagraphwhatdoestheunderlinedwordtendencyreferto?A.BeingbadatarguingwithpeoplE.B.Hatingbeingwrong.C.Beinglosttoothers.D.Hatingmymother.70.WecaninferfromthethirdparagraphthatA.thewriterfeelshelplesswithherproblemB.thewriterfindsithardtocountfromonetotenC.thewriterhasreceivedeffectiveadviceaboutherproblemD.thewriterisunderthetreatmentofatherapist71.Whatdidthewriterimplyinthelastparagraph?A.SheisclosingherselfofftoherboyfrienD.B.SheismuchhurtbyherboyfrienD.C.Herboyfriendhasbrokenupwithher.D.ShehastosolveherprobleminnotimE.
Therearethousandsofproductsofallcolorsandshapesinasupermarketmakingyoubelievethattheyareworthatry.How?Packaging包装isthesilentbutpersuadingsalesman.Thereontheshelveseachbottlecanboxandjarhasbeencarefullydesignedandmeasuredtospeaktotheinnerselfoftheconsumer消费者sothatisbuyingnotonlyaproductbutalsohisbeliefinlifE.ScientistshavestudiedconsumerbehaviorrecentlyandfoundthatthelookofthepackagehasagreateffectonthequalityoftheproductandonhowwellitsellsbecauseConsumersgenerallycannottellbetweenaproductanditspackagE.ManyproductsarepackagesandmanypackagesareproductsasLouisCheskinthefirstsocialscientiststudyingconsumers’feelingforpackagingnoticeD.Colorsareoneofthebesttoolsinpackaging.Studiesofeyemovementhaveshownthatcolorsdrawhumanattentionquickly.TakeV8forexamplE.Formanyyearsthebrightredcoloroftomatoesandcarrotsonthethinbottlemakesyoufeelthatitisverygoodforyourbody.Andthewordgreentodaycankeepfoodpricesgoingup.Shapesareanotherattraction.Circlesoftensuggesthappinessandpeacefulnessbecausetheseshapesarepleasingtoboththeeyeandtheheart.That’swhytheroundyellowMsignsofMcDonald’sareinvitingtobothyoungandolD.Thisnewconsumerresponse反应tothecolorsandshapesofpackagesremindsproducersandsellersthatpeoplebuytosatisfybothbodyandsoul.60.Accordingtothepassage______seemstobeabletopersuadeaconsumertobuytheproduct.A.thepleasingcolorofthepackageB.thespecialtasteoftheproductC.thestrangeshapeofthepackageD.thebeliefintheproduct61.Ifapackageoraproductisroundinshapeitcan________.A.bringexcitementtotheconsumersB.attracttheconsumers’attentionC.catchtheeyemovementoftheconsumersD.produceahappyandpeacefulfeeling62.Andtheword‘green’todaycankeepfoodpricesgoingup.Thissentencesuggeststhatconsumerstodayare________.A.startingtonoticetheimportanceofnewfoodB.enjoyingthebeautyofnaturemorethanbeforeC.beginningtolikegreenvegetablesD.payingmoreattentiontotheirhealthy63.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatV8isakindof________.A.vegetabledishB.healthyjuiceC.iceddrinkD.redvegetable
PeoplewithlesseducationsufferfewerstressfuldaysaccordingtoareportinthecurrentissueoftheJournalofHealthandSocialBehavior.Howeverthestudyalsofoundthatwhenless-educatedpeopledidsufferstressitwasmoresevereandhadastrongereffectontheirhealth.Fromthisresearchershaveconcludedthattheday-to-dayfactorsthatcausestressareregular.Whereyouareinsocietydeterminesthekindsofproblemsthatyouhaveeachdayandhowwellyouwillcopewiththem.Theresearchteaminterviewedanationalsampleof1031adultsdailyforeightdaysabouttheirstresslevelandhealth.Peoplewithoutahighschooldiplomareportedstresson30percentofthestudydayspeoplewithahighschooldegreereportedstress38percentofthetimeandpeoplewithcollegedegreesreportedstress44percentofthetimE.Lessadvantagedpeoplearelesshealthyonadailybasisandaremorelikelytohavedownwardturnsintheirhealth.leadingresearcherDr.JosephGrzywaczofWakeForestUniversityBaptistMedicalCentersaidinapreparedstatement.Thedownwardturnsinhealthwereconnectedwithdailystressors紧张刺激物andtheeffectofdailystressorsontheirhealthismuchmoredamagingforthelessadvantageD.Ifsomethinghappenseverydaymaybeit’snotseenasastressor.Grzywaczsays.MaybeitisjustlifE.56.Stressleveliscloselyrelatedto.A.familysizeB.socialpositionC.bodyweightD.workexperience57.Whichgroupreportedthebiggestnumberofstressfuldays?A.Peoplewithoutanyeducation.B.Peoplewithouthighschooldegrees.C.Peoplewithhighschooldegrees.D.Peoplewithcollegedegrees.58.Thelessadvantagedpeoplearethegreater.A.theeffectofstressontheirhealthisB.theeffectofeducationontheirhealthisC.theleveloftheireducationisD.thedegreeoftheirhealthconcernis59.Less-educatedpeoplereportfewerdaysofstresspossiblybecause.A.theydon’twanttotelltruthB.theydon’twanttofacethetruthC.stressistoocommonafactorintheirlifeD.heirstressismuchgreater
Thecommoncoldistheworld’smostwidespreadillnesswhichisplagues疫病thatfleshreceives.Themostwidespreadfallacy谬误ofallisthatcoldscausedbycolD.Theyarenot.Theyarecausedbyviruses病毒passingonfrompersontoperson.YoucatchacoldbycomingintocontactdirectlyorindirectlywithsomeonewhoalreadyhasonE.IfcoldcausescoldsitwouldbereasonabletoexpecttheEskimostosufferfromthemforever.Buttheydonot.Andinisolatedarcticregionsexplorershavereportedbeingfreefromcoldsuntilcomingintocontactagainwithinfectedpeoplefromtheoutsideworldbywayofpackagesandmaildroppedfromairplanes.DuringtheFirstWorldWarsoldierswhospentlongperiodsinthetrenches战壕coldandwetshowednoincreasedtendencytocatchcolds.IntheSecondWorldWarprisonersatthenotoriousAuschwitzconcentrationcamp奥斯维辛集中营nakedandstarvingwereastonishedtofindthattheyseldomhadcolds.AttheCommonColdResearchUnitinEnglandvolunteerstookpartinExperimentsinwhichtheygavethemselvestothediscomfortsofbeingcoldandwetforlongstretchesoftimE.Aftertakinghotbathstheyputonbathingsuitsallowedthemselvestobewithcoldwaterandthenstoodaboutdrippingwetindraftyroom.Someworewetsocksalldaywhileothersexercisedintherainuntilclosetoexhaustion.NotoneofthevolunteerscamedownwithacoldunlessacoldviruswasactuallydroppedinhisnosE.IfthencoldandwethavenothingtodowithcatchingcoldswhyaretheymorefrequentinthewinterDespitethemostpains-takingresearchnoonehasyetfoundtheanswer.Oneexplanationofferedbyscientistsisthatpeopletendtostaytogetherindoorsmoreincoldweatherthanatothertimesandthismakesiteasierforcoldvirusestobepassedon.NoonehasyetfoundacureforthecolD.Therearedrugsandpainsuppressors止痛片suchasaspirinbutalltheydoisrelievethesymptoms症状.1.Thewriteroffered_______examplestosupporthisargument.A.4B.5C.6D.32.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotagreewiththechosenpassage?A.TheEskimosdonotsufferfromcoldsallthetimE.B.ColdsarenotcausedbycolD.C.Peoplesufferfromcoldsjustbecausetheyliketostayindoors.D.A.personmaycatchacoldbytouchingsomeonewhoalreadyhasonE.3.Arcticexplorersmaycatchcoldswhen_______.A.theyareworkingintheisolatedarcticregionB.theyarewritingreportsinterriblycoldweatherC.theyarefreefromworkintheisolatedarcticregionsD.theyarecomingintotouchagainwiththeoutsideworld4.VolunteerstakingpartintheexperimentsintheCommonColdResearchUnit_______.A.sufferedalotB.nevercaughtcoldsC.oftencaughtcoldsD.becameverystrong5.Thepassagemainlydiscusses_______.A.theexperimentsonthecommoncolB.thefallacyaboutthecommoncoldC.thereasonandthewaypeoplecatchcoldsD.thecontinuedspreadofcommoncolds
It’syouandIwhoaretoblameforthestateoftheearth.Noquestionaboutit.It’sourlife-stylethatisthreateninglifeonEarthsowemustmakethechanges.Thegoodnewsisthatmanyofthosechangesarereallyquitesimpleevenenjoyablebutforeverycarefulstepwetakeasindividualswemustpressgovernmentandindustrytotakeabigsteponourbenefit.Andwemuststartnow.Tomorrow’stoolatE.Myaimthisyearistopersuadeasmanyofmyfriendsandcolleaguesaspossibletochoosethetrainandleavetheircarsbehindtoo.Mygardenshavebeenpesticide杀虫剂–freezonesforyearsandIenjoyseeingmorewildlifeonmydoorstepasaresult;I’vetriedtoreducemycontributiontowaterpollutiontoobyusingenvironment-friendlyphosphate磷–freewashingpowderandbynolongerthinkingofthetoiletasasuitablewaste-disposal处理point.Iranafterayoungladythroughtownrecentlytogiveherbackthepieceofpapershehadcarelesslythrownaway.ShedisappearedintoashopandwhenIfollowedherinsideandmademypresentationshewasdoublyembarrassed--sheworkedthereandthebossgaveheraticking–offtoo.I’vestartedaskingfellowdriversatgasstationswhytheyaren’tusingunleaded无铅的petrol.Thesearesmallthingsbutwehavetostartsomewhereandeverylittledoeshelp.TohelptheenvironmenttheauthoristryingtodoeverythingmentionedbelowEXCEPT.A.takingthetraininsteadofacarB.throwingawaytheoldcarsC.avoidingtheuseofpesticidesD.runningafterthosewhothrowarticlescarelesslyTheauthorranafterawomanthroughtownbecausehewanted.A.tofindoutwheresheworkedB.togiveherbackthepieceofpapershehadlostC.totellhernottothrowawaypiecesofpapercarelesslyD.toaskhertopayhimforpickingupthepieceofpaper.Thewordticking-offinthelastparagraphprobablymeans.A.blamingB.apieceofpaperC.prizeD.ticketThepurposeofthispassageisto.A.persuadehisfriendstotakethetrainB.informusofthegoodnewsC.makeclearwhoisresponsiblefortheenvironmentD.trytoadviseusalltoprotectourenvironment
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