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孔子的中心思想是
“仁”
“因材施教”
“温故而知新”
“兼爱”
温故而知新说明了迁移中的迁移
孔子要求学而时习之温故而知新是说在教学中要贯彻
理论联系实际原则
循序渐进原则
启发性原则
巩固性原则
子约温故而知新论语·为政
下列现象属于学习迁移的是
温故而知新
学而时习之
近朱者赤近墨者黑
书山有路勤为径
学而时习之温故而知新体现的教学原则是
理论联系实际的原则
启发性原则
循序渐进的原则
巩固性原则
孔子提出的教育思想是
温故而知新
为政以德
知己知彼
兼爱非攻
我国两千多年前的孟子曾经提出学而时习之温故而知新
温故而知新说明了在教学中应贯彻
系统性原则
巩固性原则
理论联系实际原则
因材施教原则
温故而知新属于学习迁移中的.
正迁移
负迁移
顺向迁移
逆向迁移
-般迁移
温故而知新可以为师矣的思想出自
《学记》
《论语》
《四书集注》
《孟子》
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Therehavebeenmanygreatinventionsthatchangethewaywelive.Thefirstgreat16wasonethatisstillveryimportanttoday—thewheel.Thismadeiteasyforman17heavythingsandtotravellongdistances.Forhundredsofyearsafterthattherewere18inventionsthathadasmucheffectasthewheel.Thenintheearly1800’stheworldstartedtochange19.Therewaslittleunknownlandleftintheworld.Peopledidnothavetoexploremuchanymore.Inthesecondhalfofthe19thcenturymanygreatinventionsweremade.20themwerethecameratheelectriclightandtheradio.Thesehaveallbecomeabigpartofourlifetoday. Thefirstpartofthe20thcenturysawmoregreatinventions.Thehelicopterin1909.Movies21soundin1926.Thecomputerin1928.Andjetplanesin1930.Thiswasalsoatimewhenanew22wasfirstmade.Nyloncameoutin1935.Itchangedthekindofclothespeoplewear.Ofcoursenewinventionscontinuedtobemade.Manbeganlooking23waystogointospace.Russiamadethefirststep.ThentheUnitedStatestookanother.SincethenothercountriesincludingChinaandJapan24theirstepsintospace.In1969mantookhisbiggeststepawayfromearth.25firstwalkedonthemoon.Thiswascertainlyjustabeginning.Newinventionswillsomedayallowustodothingswehaveneveryetdreamedof. 20
Afarmerarrivedawomen’shouse.
主张生活即教育社会即学校教学做合一的教育家是
Stoneisallaroundus.Stoneisusuallyveryhardbutitcanalsobes35.Stoneshavemanyuses.Insomecountriesa36carvebeautifulthingsoutofsoftstonesbecausetheycanbeshapedeasily.Ina37timespeoplecarvedsmallpersonsoranimalsoutofsoftstoneswhichcouldbecarriedalongwith.WhileinsomeEuropeanc38statuesarecarvedfromhardstonesandtheydonotchangeeasily.Insummerthehotsuns39onthesestatuesandinwinterthesnowfallsonthembuttheystillr40beautiful.Stoneisstrongandlong-lasting.Soitisgoode41forbuildings.Ahousebuiltofstonedoesnotcatchfireaseasilyasi42madeofwood.Somestonesarecoloredsotheymakethebuildingslookw43.Peoplecanalsogetafirewithstones.Besidessomekindsofstonescanbeusedtom44jewelry.We’refoundstonesarereallyamazing.
英国教育家洛克提出了白板说认为外部力量决定了人的发展这是一种
—MayItakemylunchtothereadingroom—Noyou.Youshouldfinishitrighthere.
其身正不令而行其身不正虽令不从这句话表明教师在教育教学工作中必须
Therehavebeenmanygreatinventionsthatchangethewaywelive.Thefirstgreat16wasonethatisstillveryimportanttoday—thewheel.Thismadeiteasyforman17heavythingsandtotravellongdistances.Forhundredsofyearsafterthattherewere18inventionsthathadasmucheffectasthewheel.Thenintheearly1800’stheworldstartedtochange19.Therewaslittleunknownlandleftintheworld.Peopledidnothavetoexploremuchanymore.Inthesecondhalfofthe19thcenturymanygreatinventionsweremade.20themwerethecameratheelectriclightandtheradio.Thesehaveallbecomeabigpartofourlifetoday. Thefirstpartofthe20thcenturysawmoregreatinventions.Thehelicopterin1909.Movies21soundin1926.Thecomputerin1928.Andjetplanesin1930.Thiswasalsoatimewhenanew22wasfirstmade.Nyloncameoutin1935.Itchangedthekindofclothespeoplewear.Ofcoursenewinventionscontinuedtobemade.Manbeganlooking23waystogointospace.Russiamadethefirststep.ThentheUnitedStatestookanother.SincethenothercountriesincludingChinaandJapan24theirstepsintospace.In1969mantookhisbiggeststepawayfromearth.25firstwalkedonthemoon.Thiswascertainlyjustabeginning.Newinventionswillsomedayallowustodothingswehaveneveryetdreamedof. 16
Therehavebeenmanygreatinventionsthatchangethewaywelive.Thefirstgreat16wasonethatisstillveryimportanttoday—thewheel.Thismadeiteasyforman17heavythingsandtotravellongdistances.Forhundredsofyearsafterthattherewere18inventionsthathadasmucheffectasthewheel.Thenintheearly1800’stheworldstartedtochange19.Therewaslittleunknownlandleftintheworld.Peopledidnothavetoexploremuchanymore.Inthesecondhalfofthe19thcenturymanygreatinventionsweremade.20themwerethecameratheelectriclightandtheradio.Thesehaveallbecomeabigpartofourlifetoday. Thefirstpartofthe20thcenturysawmoregreatinventions.Thehelicopterin1909.Movies21soundin1926.Thecomputerin1928.Andjetplanesin1930.Thiswasalsoatimewhenanew22wasfirstmade.Nyloncameoutin1935.Itchangedthekindofclothespeoplewear.Ofcoursenewinventionscontinuedtobemade.Manbeganlooking23waystogointospace.Russiamadethefirststep.ThentheUnitedStatestookanother.SincethenothercountriesincludingChinaandJapan24theirstepsintospace.In1969mantookhisbiggeststepawayfromearth.25firstwalkedonthemoon.Thiswascertainlyjustabeginning.Newinventionswillsomedayallowustodothingswehaveneveryetdreamedof. 18
Stoneisallaroundus.Stoneisusuallyveryhardbutitcanalsobes35.Stoneshavemanyuses.Insomecountriesa36carvebeautifulthingsoutofsoftstonesbecausetheycanbeshapedeasily.Ina37timespeoplecarvedsmallpersonsoranimalsoutofsoftstoneswhichcouldbecarriedalongwith.WhileinsomeEuropeanc38statuesarecarvedfromhardstonesandtheydonotchangeeasily.Insummerthehotsuns39onthesestatuesandinwinterthesnowfallsonthembuttheystillr40beautiful.Stoneisstrongandlong-lasting.Soitisgoode41forbuildings.Ahousebuiltofstonedoesnotcatchfireaseasilyasi42madeofwood.Somestonesarecoloredsotheymakethebuildingslookw43.Peoplecanalsogetafirewithstones.Besidessomekindsofstonescanbeusedtom44jewelry.We’refoundstonesarereallyamazing.
素质教育区别于应试教育的根本所在是
Stoneisallaroundus.Stoneisusuallyveryhardbutitcanalsobes35.Stoneshavemanyuses.Insomecountriesa36carvebeautifulthingsoutofsoftstonesbecausetheycanbeshapedeasily.Ina37timespeoplecarvedsmallpersonsoranimalsoutofsoftstoneswhichcouldbecarriedalongwith.WhileinsomeEuropeanc38statuesarecarvedfromhardstonesandtheydonotchangeeasily.Insummerthehotsuns39onthesestatuesandinwinterthesnowfallsonthembuttheystillr40beautiful.Stoneisstrongandlong-lasting.Soitisgoode41forbuildings.Ahousebuiltofstonedoesnotcatchfireaseasilyasi42madeofwood.Somestonesarecoloredsotheymakethebuildingslookw43.Peoplecanalsogetafirewithstones.Besidessomekindsofstonescanbeusedtom44jewelry.We’refoundstonesarereallyamazing.
我国伟大的思想家教育家孔子的教育思想温故而知新不愤不启不悱不发主要记载于
今后一个时期我国教育事业改革发展的工作方针是
Stoneisallaroundus.Stoneisusuallyveryhardbutitcanalsobes35.Stoneshavemanyuses.Insomecountriesa36carvebeautifulthingsoutofsoftstonesbecausetheycanbeshapedeasily.Ina37timespeoplecarvedsmallpersonsoranimalsoutofsoftstoneswhichcouldbecarriedalongwith.WhileinsomeEuropeanc38statuesarecarvedfromhardstonesandtheydonotchangeeasily.Insummerthehotsuns39onthesestatuesandinwinterthesnowfallsonthembuttheystillr40beautiful.Stoneisstrongandlong-lasting.Soitisgoode41forbuildings.Ahousebuiltofstonedoesnotcatchfireaseasilyasi42madeofwood.Somestonesarecoloredsotheymakethebuildingslookw43.Peoplecanalsogetafirewithstones.Besidessomekindsofstonescanbeusedtom44jewelry.We’refoundstonesarereallyamazing.
Stoneisallaroundus.Stoneisusuallyveryhardbutitcanalsobes35.Stoneshavemanyuses.Insomecountriesa36carvebeautifulthingsoutofsoftstonesbecausetheycanbeshapedeasily.Ina37timespeoplecarvedsmallpersonsoranimalsoutofsoftstoneswhichcouldbecarriedalongwith.WhileinsomeEuropeanc38statuesarecarvedfromhardstonesandtheydonotchangeeasily.Insummerthehotsuns39onthesestatuesandinwinterthesnowfallsonthembuttheystillr40beautiful.Stoneisstrongandlong-lasting.Soitisgoode41forbuildings.Ahousebuiltofstonedoesnotcatchfireaseasilyasi42madeofwood.Somestonesarecoloredsotheymakethebuildingslookw43.Peoplecanalsogetafirewithstones.Besidessomekindsofstonescanbeusedtom44jewelry.We’refoundstonesarereallyamazing.
授人以鱼仅供一饭之需授人以渔则终身受用无穷这说明教师在教学中应重视
Therehavebeenmanygreatinventionsthatchangethewaywelive.Thefirstgreat16wasonethatisstillveryimportanttoday—thewheel.Thismadeiteasyforman17heavythingsandtotravellongdistances.Forhundredsofyearsafterthattherewere18inventionsthathadasmucheffectasthewheel.Thenintheearly1800’stheworldstartedtochange19.Therewaslittleunknownlandleftintheworld.Peopledidnothavetoexploremuchanymore.Inthesecondhalfofthe19thcenturymanygreatinventionsweremade.20themwerethecameratheelectriclightandtheradio.Thesehaveallbecomeabigpartofourlifetoday. Thefirstpartofthe20thcenturysawmoregreatinventions.Thehelicopterin1909.Movies21soundin1926.Thecomputerin1928.Andjetplanesin1930.Thiswasalsoatimewhenanew22wasfirstmade.Nyloncameoutin1935.Itchangedthekindofclothespeoplewear.Ofcoursenewinventionscontinuedtobemade.Manbeganlooking23waystogointospace.Russiamadethefirststep.ThentheUnitedStatestookanother.SincethenothercountriesincludingChinaandJapan24theirstepsintospace.In1969mantookhisbiggeststepawayfromearth.25firstwalkedonthemoon.Thiswascertainlyjustabeginning.Newinventionswillsomedayallowustodothingswehaveneveryetdreamedof. 22
A An8-year-oldchildheardherparentstalkingaboutherlittlebrother.Allsheknewwasthathewasverysickandtheyhadnomoney.Onlyaveryexpensiveoperationcouldsavehimnowandtherewasnoonetolendthemthemoney. Whensheheardherdaddysaytohertearfulmother"onlyamiraclecansavehimnow".Thelittlegirlwenttoherbedroomandpulledhermoneyfromherpiggybankandcounteditcarefully. Shehurriedtothelocaldrugstorewiththemoneyinherhand."Andwhatdoyouwant"askedthesalesman."It’sformylittlebrother"thegirlanswered."HeisreallyreallysickandIwanttobuyamiracle.""Pardon"saidthesalesman."MybrotherAndrewhassomethingbadgrowinginsidehisheadandmydaddysaysonlyamiraclecansavehim.SohowmuchdoesamiraclecostWedidn’tsellamiracleherechildI’msorry."thesalesmansaidwithasmile."Listenifitisn’tenoughIcantryandgetsomemore.Justtellmehowmuchitcosts." Awell-dressedmanhearditandasked"whatkindofmiracledoesyourbrotherneedIdon’tknow"sheansweredwithhereyesfulloftears."He’sreallysickandmumsaysheneedsanoperation.Butmydaddycan’tpayforit.SoIhavebroughtallmymoney.""Howmuchdoyouhave"askedtheman."1.11dollarsbutIcantryandgetsomemore."sheanswered."Wellwhatluck!"saidtheman."1.11dollarsthepriceofamiracleforyourlittlebrother." Hetookupthegirl’shandandsaid"Takemetowhereyoulive.Iwanttoseeyourbrotherandmeetyourparents.Let’sseeifIhavethemiracleyouneed." Thatwell-dressedmanwasDr.Carltonafamoussurgeon.Theoperationwassuccessfulanditwasn’tlongbeforeAndrewwashomeagain.Thelittlegirlwashappy.Sheknewexactlyhowmuchthemiraclecost...onedollarandelevencents...plusthefaithofalittlechild. Whatwasthetroubleisthelittlegirl’sfamily
中华人民共和国义务教育法规定我国实施义务教育的年限为
A An8-year-oldchildheardherparentstalkingaboutherlittlebrother.Allsheknewwasthathewasverysickandtheyhadnomoney.Onlyaveryexpensiveoperationcouldsavehimnowandtherewasnoonetolendthemthemoney. Whensheheardherdaddysaytohertearfulmother"onlyamiraclecansavehimnow".Thelittlegirlwenttoherbedroomandpulledhermoneyfromherpiggybankandcounteditcarefully. Shehurriedtothelocaldrugstorewiththemoneyinherhand."Andwhatdoyouwant"askedthesalesman."It’sformylittlebrother"thegirlanswered."HeisreallyreallysickandIwanttobuyamiracle.""Pardon"saidthesalesman."MybrotherAndrewhassomethingbadgrowinginsidehisheadandmydaddysaysonlyamiraclecansavehim.SohowmuchdoesamiraclecostWedidn’tsellamiracleherechildI’msorry."thesalesmansaidwithasmile."Listenifitisn’tenoughIcantryandgetsomemore.Justtellmehowmuchitcosts." Awell-dressedmanhearditandasked"whatkindofmiracledoesyourbrotherneedIdon’tknow"sheansweredwithhereyesfulloftears."He’sreallysickandmumsaysheneedsanoperation.Butmydaddycan’tpayforit.SoIhavebroughtallmymoney.""Howmuchdoyouhave"askedtheman."1.11dollarsbutIcantryandgetsomemore."sheanswered."Wellwhatluck!"saidtheman."1.11dollarsthepriceofamiracleforyourlittlebrother." Hetookupthegirl’shandandsaid"Takemetowhereyoulive.Iwanttoseeyourbrotherandmeetyourparents.Let’sseeifIhavethemiracleyouneed." Thatwell-dressedmanwasDr.Carltonafamoussurgeon.Theoperationwassuccessfulanditwasn’tlongbeforeAndrewwashomeagain.Thelittlegirlwashappy.Sheknewexactlyhowmuchthemiraclecost...onedollarandelevencents...plusthefaithofalittlechild. Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage
ThisdictionarywhichIboughtyesterdayhasbeenhighlybymyprofessor.
—WhenshallwegototheSummerPalace—Makeitdayyoulike;itdoesn’tmattertome.
A An8-year-oldchildheardherparentstalkingaboutherlittlebrother.Allsheknewwasthathewasverysickandtheyhadnomoney.Onlyaveryexpensiveoperationcouldsavehimnowandtherewasnoonetolendthemthemoney. Whensheheardherdaddysaytohertearfulmother"onlyamiraclecansavehimnow".Thelittlegirlwenttoherbedroomandpulledhermoneyfromherpiggybankandcounteditcarefully. Shehurriedtothelocaldrugstorewiththemoneyinherhand."Andwhatdoyouwant"askedthesalesman."It’sformylittlebrother"thegirlanswered."HeisreallyreallysickandIwanttobuyamiracle.""Pardon"saidthesalesman."MybrotherAndrewhassomethingbadgrowinginsidehisheadandmydaddysaysonlyamiraclecansavehim.SohowmuchdoesamiraclecostWedidn’tsellamiracleherechildI’msorry."thesalesmansaidwithasmile."Listenifitisn’tenoughIcantryandgetsomemore.Justtellmehowmuchitcosts." Awell-dressedmanhearditandasked"whatkindofmiracledoesyourbrotherneedIdon’tknow"sheansweredwithhereyesfulloftears."He’sreallysickandmumsaysheneedsanoperation.Butmydaddycan’tpayforit.SoIhavebroughtallmymoney.""Howmuchdoyouhave"askedtheman."1.11dollarsbutIcantryandgetsomemore."sheanswered."Wellwhatluck!"saidtheman."1.11dollarsthepriceofamiracleforyourlittlebrother." Hetookupthegirl’shandandsaid"Takemetowhereyoulive.Iwanttoseeyourbrotherandmeetyourparents.Let’sseeifIhavethemiracleyouneed." Thatwell-dressedmanwasDr.Carltonafamoussurgeon.Theoperationwassuccessfulanditwasn’tlongbeforeAndrewwashomeagain.Thelittlegirlwashappy.Sheknewexactlyhowmuchthemiraclecost...onedollarandelevencents...plusthefaithofalittlechild. Thelittlegirlsaidagainandagainifitisn’tenoughIcantryandgetsomemorethatmeans
Hehastwokitesoneisbigissmall.
BPeoplehavesmokedtobaccoforcenturiesandtheharmfuleffectsoftobaccosmokehavebeenseenascontroversialsinceatleastthe16thcenturywhenEuropeanexplorersintroducedtobaccotoNorthAmerica.Cigaretteinfacttypicallycontainsmorethan4700chemicalcompounds43ofwhicharebelievedtocausecancer.Compoundssuchastarandsulphurdomostoftheharmwhilstapoisonouscompoundknownasnicotinemakessmokingverydifficulttogiveup.In1964acommitteeofdoctorsandscientistsintheUnitedStatesofAmericaconcludedthatnearlyallformsoflungcancerwerecausedbythenegativeeffectsofsmoking.Theyalsoreportedhoweverthatsmokingleadstomanyotherdiseasessuchaschronicbronchitisandemphysemadiseaseofthelung.Amoreworryingreporthoweverarguedthatasmanyas50000peopledieeachyearinAmericafromtheeffectsofpassivesmokingbreathinginotherpeople’ssmoke.Youngchildrenarevulnerablebecauseitisbelievedrestrictionsinoxygensuppliesleadtostuntedgrowth.Butpregnantwomenareespeciallysusceptibletothistypeofexposurebecausethesmokepreventsoxygensuppliesinthebloodstreamreachingthefoetustherebyinhibitingnaturaldevelopment.Smokinghasthusbeendeemedmoreharmfulthantheeffectsofalcoholandhasledtothebecomingofsmokinginpublic-parksinsomeares.ThemostrecentresearchcarriedoutintheUKhoweversuggestthatifyounggirlsbeginsmokingdaringpubertyearlyteenageyearswhichiscommonamongstteenagersinEuropetheyarefarmorelikelytocontractbecausecancerastheygrowolder.Moreoverwhilstthedangersofcontractingdiseasessuchasbronchitisandevenlungcancerneverletup.Insteaditremainswiththegirlforthereminderofhernaturallife.TheseandotherfindingshavepromotedmanyEuropeancountriestolaunchanosmokingcampaigninschoolsaimedatmakingyoungvulnerableadolescentswhoareinatransitionperiodbetweenchildrenandadulthoodawareofthedangersofsmokingwiththeadagethatpreventionisbetterthancure.Governmentindevelopedcountriesaremostconnectedabout______.
Therehavebeenmanygreatinventionsthatchangethewaywelive.Thefirstgreat16wasonethatisstillveryimportanttoday—thewheel.Thismadeiteasyforman17heavythingsandtotravellongdistances.Forhundredsofyearsafterthattherewere18inventionsthathadasmucheffectasthewheel.Thenintheearly1800’stheworldstartedtochange19.Therewaslittleunknownlandleftintheworld.Peopledidnothavetoexploremuchanymore.Inthesecondhalfofthe19thcenturymanygreatinventionsweremade.20themwerethecameratheelectriclightandtheradio.Thesehaveallbecomeabigpartofourlifetoday. Thefirstpartofthe20thcenturysawmoregreatinventions.Thehelicopterin1909.Movies21soundin1926.Thecomputerin1928.Andjetplanesin1930.Thiswasalsoatimewhenanew22wasfirstmade.Nyloncameoutin1935.Itchangedthekindofclothespeoplewear.Ofcoursenewinventionscontinuedtobemade.Manbeganlooking23waystogointospace.Russiamadethefirststep.ThentheUnitedStatestookanother.SincethenothercountriesincludingChinaandJapan24theirstepsintospace.In1969mantookhisbiggeststepawayfromearth.25firstwalkedonthemoon.Thiswascertainlyjustabeginning.Newinventionswillsomedayallowustodothingswehaveneveryetdreamedof. 24
注意拓展学生的知识和能力开阔学生的知识视野发展学生的各种不同的特殊能力并迁移到其他方面的学习这样的课程称之为
我国近代第一个以法令形式公布并在全国推行的学校教育制度是
B Peoplehavesmokedtobaccoforcenturiesandtheharmfuleffectsoftobaccosmokehavebeenseenascontroversialsinceatleastthe16thcenturywhenEuropeanexplorersintroducedtobaccotoNorthAmerica.Cigaretteinfacttypicallycontainsmorethan4700chemicalcompounds43ofwhicharebelievedtocausecancer.Compoundssuchastarandsulphurdomostoftheharmwhilstapoisonouscompoundknownasnicotinemakessmokingverydifficulttogiveup. In1964acommitteeofdoctorsandscientistsintheUnitedStatesofAmericaconcludedthatnearlyallformsoflungcancerwerecausedbythenegativeeffectsofsmoking.Theyalsoreportedhoweverthatsmokingleadstomanyotherdiseasessuchaschronicbronchitisandemphysemadiseaseofthelung.Amoreworryingreporthoweverarguedthatasmanyas50000peopledieeachyearinAmericafromtheeffectsofpassivesmokingbreathinginotherpeople’ssmoke.Youngchildrenarevulnerablebecauseitisbelievedrestrictionsinoxygensuppliesleadtostuntedgrowth.Butpregnantwomenareespeciallysusceptibletothistypeofexposurebecausethesmokepreventsoxygensuppliesinthebloodstreamreachingthefoetustherebyinhibitingnaturaldevelopment.Smokinghasthusbeendeemedmoreharmfulthantheeffectsofalcoholandhasledtothebecomingofsmokinginpublic-parksinsomeares. ThemostrecentresearchcarriedoutintheUKhoweversuggestthatifyounggirlsbeginsmokingdaringpubertyearlyteenageyearswhichiscommonamongstteenagersinEuropetheyarefarmorelikelytocontractbecausecancerastheygrowolder.Moreoverwhilstthedangersofcontractingdiseasessuchasbronchitisandevenlungcancerneverletup.Insteaditremainswiththegirlforthereminderofhernaturallife. TheseandotherfindingshavepromotedmanyEuropeancountriestolaunchanosmokingcampaigninschoolsaimedatmakingyoungvulnerableadolescentswhoareinatransitionperiodbetweenchildrenandadulthoodawareofthedangersofsmokingwiththeadagethatpreventionisbetterthancure. Doctorsandscientistsbelievethatsmoking
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