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简述社会对教师的角色期待。
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教师角色扮演的先决条件是
教师角色认知
教师角色体验
教师角色期待
没有正确答案
用来描述社会对男女在态度和行为方式方面的期待的概念是
性
性别角色
性别
性别差异
教师角色扮演的先决条件是
教师角色认知
教师角色体验
教师角色期待
以上答案都不正确
人们对于教师的隐喻有宏观层面的也有微观层面的 宏观层面是指社会对于教师职业的期待和要求如教师是园丁
教师在教育教学实践过程中应不断学习掌握各种社会角色期待和角色情境判断是指教师应具备
学习心理素养
角色心理素养
管理心理素养
社交心理素养
简述教师要充当哪些社会角色
社会认为教师是有个性的且致力于自我实现的这是社会对教师的角色期望中的
技术取向
师范取向
人本取向
社会取向
教师角色扮演的先决条件是
教师角色认知
教师角色体验
教师角色期待
教师与家长的合作
教师的角色期待
教师自己和他人对其行为的期望是教师角色意识心理结构中的
角色认知
角色认同
角色体验
角色期待
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A Fromthehealthpointofviewwearelivinginamarvelousage.Weareimmunizedfrombirthagainstmanyofthemostdangerousdiseases.Alargenumberofoncefatalillnessescannowbecuredbymoderndrugsandsurgery.Itisalmostcertainthatonedayremedieswillbefoundforthemoststubbornremainingdiseases.Theexpectationoflifehasincreasedenormously.Butthoughthepossibilityoflivingalongandhappylifeisgreaterthaneverbeforeeverydaywewitnessthein-credibleslaughterofmenwomenandchildrenontheroads.Manversusthemotorcar!Itisanever-endingbattlewhichmanislosing.Thousandsofpeopleovertheworldarekilledorhorriblykilledeachyearandwearequietlysittingbackandlettingithappen. Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheelhiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality.Thereisnodoubtthatthemotorcaroftenbringsoutaman’sveryworstqualities.Peoplewhoarenormallyquietandpleasantmaybecomeunrecognizablewhentheyarebe-hindasteering-wheel.Theysweartheyareill-manneredandaggressivewillfulastwo-year-oldsandutterlyselfish.Alltheirhiddenfrustrationsdisappointmentsandjealousiesseemtobebroughttothesurfacebytheactofdriving. Thesurprisingthingisthatsocietysmilessobenignlyonthemotoristandseemstocondonehisbehaviour.Everythingisdoneforhisconvenience.Citiesareallowedtobecomealmostuninhabitablebecauseofheavytraffic;townsaremadeuglybyhugecarparks;thecountrysideisdesecratedbyroadnetworks;andthemassannualslaughterbecomesnothingmorethanastatistictobeconvenientlyforgotten. Itishightimeaworldcodewerecreatedtoreducethissenselesswasteofhumanlife.Withregardtodrivingthelawsofsomecountriesarenotoriouslylaxandeventhestrictestarenotstrictenough.Acodewhichwasuniversallyacceptedcouldonlyhaveadramaticallybeneficialeffectontheaccidentrate.Hereareafewexamplesofsomeofthethingsthatmightbedone.Thedrivingtestshouldbestandardizedandmadefarmoredifficultthanitis;allthedriversshouldbemadetotakeatesteverythreeyearsorso;theageatwhichyoungpeopleareallowedtodriveanyvehicleshouldberaisedtoatleast21;allvehiclesshouldbeputthroughstringentannualtestsforsafety.Eventhesmallestamountofalcoholinthebloodcanimpairaperson’sdrivingability.Presentdrinkinganddrivinglawswheretheyexistshouldbemademuchstricter.Maximumandminimumspeedlimitsshouldbeimposedonallroads.GovernmentsshouldlaydownsafetyspecificationsformanufacturersashasbeendoneintheUSA.Alladvertisingstressingpowerandperformanceshouldbebanned.Thesemeasuresmaysoundinordinatelyharsh.Butsurelynothingshouldbe’consideredassevereifitresultsinreducingtheannualtollofhumanlife.Afteralltheworldisforhumanbeingsnotmotorcars. Theattitudeoftheauthoris
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement. Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fire-workslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions. Themoonappearedabovethehorizon地平线:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8:’theNightoftheFullMoon’afestival节日thatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople. MoreandmoreyoungJavanese.10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtemple寺庙atthe14ofthemountain. Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmoon-cakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople.17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon. Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 19
ItssomewhatambitioustitlewasTheBookofLifeanditattemptedtoshowhowmuchanobservantmanmightlearnbyanaccurateandsystematicexaminationofallthatcameinhisway.
B Treesshouldonlybepruned修剪whenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoandfortunatelythenumberofsuchreasonsissmall.Pruninginvolvescuttingawayofovergrownandunwantedbranchesandtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmoredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreestogrowintheirownways. Firstpruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize.Theobjectmaybetogetatreeoftherightheightandatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallsidebrancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape.Secondlypruningmaybedonetomakethetreehealthier.Youmaycutoutdiseasedordeadwoodorbranchesthatarerubbingagainsteachotherandthuscausingwounds.Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingthebranchesthatarelockingupthecentreandsopreventingthefreemovementofair. Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwouldisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordiseasesbutitisawoundthatwillheal愈合.Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthediseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordieorthatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk.Itshouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducetheriskasfaraspossible.Itisessentialtomaketheareawhichhasbeenprunedsmoothandcleanforhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness.Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetdryforafewhoursandthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.Pruningisusuallydoneinwinterforthenyoucanseetheshapeofthetreeclearlywithouttheinterference妨碍fromtheleavesanditistooveryunlikelythatthecutsyoumakewillbleed.Ifthisdoeshappenitisofcourseimpossibletopaintthemproperly. Agoodgardenerprunesatree
Daniel’sfamily______theirholidayinMountHuangthistimenextweek．
D Howshouldoneinvestasumofmoneyinthesedaysofinflation通货膨胀Leftinabankitwillhardlykeepitsvaluehoweverhightheinterestrateis.OnlyabravemanoraveryrichonedarestobuyandsellontheStockMarket.Todayitseemsthatoneofthebestwaystoprotectyoursavingsandevenincreaseyourwealthistobuybeautifulobjectsfromthepast.HereIamgoingtooffersomeadviceoncollectingantiqueclockswhichIpersonallyconsiderareamongthemostinterestingofantiques. Isometimeswonderwhatabeingfromanotherplanetmightreportbackaboutourwayoflife."TheplanetEarthisruledbyamysteriouscreaturethatsitsorstandsinaroomandmakesastrangetickingsound.Ithasafacewithtwelveblackmarksandtwohands.Mencandonothingwithoutitspermissionanditfastensitsyoungroundpeople’swristssothateverywheremengotheyarestillunderitscontrol.ThiscreatureistherealmasterofEarthandmenareitsslaves." Whetherornotweareslavesoftimetodaydependsonourcultureandpersonalitybutitisbelievedthatmanyyearsagokingskeptspecialslavestotellthetime.Certainmenwereverycleveratmeasuringthetimeofdayaccordingtothebeatingoftheirownhearts.Theyweremadetostandinafixedplaceandeveryhourorsowouldshoutthetime.Soitseemsthatthefirstclockswerehumanbeings. Howevermenquicklyfoundmoreconvenientandreliablewaysoftellingthetime.Theylearnedtousetheshadowscastbythesun.Theymarkedthehoursoncandlesusedsandinhour-glassesandinventedwater-clocks.Indeedanyseriousstudentofantiquesshouldspendasmuchtimeaspossiblevisitingpalacesstatelyhomesandmuseumstoseesomeofthefinestexamplesofclocksfromthepast. Antiqueclockscouldbeveryexpensivebutoneofthejoysofcollectingclocksisthatitisstillpossibletofindquitecheaponesforyourownhome.Afterallifyouaregoingtoberuledbythetimewhynotinvestinairantiqueclockandperhapsmakeafutureprofit Byquoting引用theremarkofabeingfromanotherplanettheauthorintendsto
C Statusesaremarveloushumaninventionsthatenableustogetalongwithoneanotherandtodeterminewherewe"fit"insociety.Aswegoaboutoureverydayliveswementallyattempttoplacepeopleintermoftheirstatuses.Forexamplewemustjudgewhetherthepeopleinlibraryisareaderoralibrarianwhetherthetelephonecallerisafriendorasalesmanwhethertheunfamiliarpersononourpropertyisathieforameterreaderandsoon. Thestatusesweassumeoftenvarywiththepeopleweencounterandchangethroughoutlife.Mostofuscanatveryhighspeedassumethestatusesthatvarioussituationsrequire.Muchofsocialinteractionconsistsofidentifyingandselectingamongappropriatestatusesandallowingotherpeopletoassumetheirstatusesinrelationtous.Thismeansthatwefitouractionstothoseofotherpeoplebasedonaconstantmentalprocessofappraisalandinterpretation.Althoughsomeofusfindthetaskmoredifficultthanothersmostofusperformitrathereffortlessly. Statuseshasbeencomparedtoready-madeclothes.Withincertainlimitsthebuyercanchoosestyleandfabric.ButanAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostumeofaChinesepeasantorthatofaHinduprince.Wemustchoosefromamongtheclothingpresentedbyfitaswellasbyourpocket-boob.Havingmadeachoicefromminoradjustmentswetendtobelimitedtowhatthestoreschoiceamongthemislimited. BysayingthatanAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostumeofaChinesepeasantorthatofaHinduprinceLines23Para.3thewritermeans
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E Manypeoplebelievetheglarefromsnowcausessnowblindnenss.Yetdarkglassesornottheyfindthemselvessufferingfromheadachesandwateringeyesandevensnowblindnesswhenex-posedtoseveralhoursof"snowlight". TheUnitedStatesarmyhasnowdeterminedthatglarefromsnowdoesnotcausesnowblindnessintroopsinasnow-coveredcountry.Ratheraman’seyesfrequentlyfindnothingtofocusoninabroadexpanseofbarrensnow-coveredterrain.Sohisgazecontinuallyshiftsandjumpsbackandforthovertheentirelandscapeinsearchofsomethingtolookat.Findingnothinghourafterhourtheeyesneverstopsearchingandtheeyeballsbecomesoreandtheeyemusclesache.Natureoffsetsthisirritationbyproducingmoreandfluidwhichcoverstheeyeball.Thefluidcoverstheeyeballinincreasingquantityuntilvisionblursthenisobservedandtheresultistotaleventhoughtemporarysnowblindness. Experimentsledthearmytoasimplemethodofovercomingthisproblem.Scoutsaheadofamainbodyoftroopsaretrainedtoshakesnowfromevergreenbushescreatingadottedlineastheycrosscompletelysnow-coveredlandscape.Eventhescoutsthemselvesthrowlightweightdarkcoloredobjectsaheadonwhichtheytoocanfocus.Themenfollowingcanthenseesomething.Theirgazeisarrested.Theireyesfocusonabushandhavingfoundsomethingtoseestopscouringthesnow-blanketedlanscape.Byfocusingtheirattentionononeobjectatatimethemencancrossthesnowwithoutbecominghopelesslysnowblindorlost.Inthiswaytheproblemofcrossingasolidwhiteterrainisovercome. Snowblindnessmaybeavoidedby
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ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement. Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fire-workslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions. Themoonappearedabovethehorizon地平线:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8:’theNightoftheFullMoon’afestival节日thatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople. MoreandmoreyoungJavanese.10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtemple寺庙atthe14ofthemountain. Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmoon-cakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople.17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon. Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 17
A Fromthehealthpointofviewwearelivinginamarvelousage.Weareimmunizedfrombirthagainstmanyofthemostdangerousdiseases.Alargenumberofoncefatalillnessescannowbecuredbymoderndrugsandsurgery.Itisalmostcertainthatonedayremedieswillbefoundforthemoststubbornremainingdiseases.Theexpectationoflifehasincreasedenormously.Butthoughthepossibilityoflivingalongandhappylifeisgreaterthaneverbeforeeverydaywewitnessthein-credibleslaughterofmenwomenandchildrenontheroads.Manversusthemotorcar!Itisanever-endingbattlewhichmanislosing.Thousandsofpeopleovertheworldarekilledorhorriblykilledeachyearandwearequietlysittingbackandlettingithappen. Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheelhiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality.Thereisnodoubtthatthemotorcaroftenbringsoutaman’sveryworstqualities.Peoplewhoarenormallyquietandpleasantmaybecomeunrecognizablewhentheyarebe-hindasteering-wheel.Theysweartheyareill-manneredandaggressivewillfulastwo-year-oldsandutterlyselfish.Alltheirhiddenfrustrationsdisappointmentsandjealousiesseemtobebroughttothesurfacebytheactofdriving. Thesurprisingthingisthatsocietysmilessobenignlyonthemotoristandseemstocondonehisbehaviour.Everythingisdoneforhisconvenience.Citiesareallowedtobecomealmostuninhabitablebecauseofheavytraffic;townsaremadeuglybyhugecarparks;thecountrysideisdesecratedbyroadnetworks;andthemassannualslaughterbecomesnothingmorethanastatistictobeconvenientlyforgotten. Itishightimeaworldcodewerecreatedtoreducethissenselesswasteofhumanlife.Withregardtodrivingthelawsofsomecountriesarenotoriouslylaxandeventhestrictestarenotstrictenough.Acodewhichwasuniversallyacceptedcouldonlyhaveadramaticallybeneficialeffectontheaccidentrate.Hereareafewexamplesofsomeofthethingsthatmightbedone.Thedrivingtestshouldbestandardizedandmadefarmoredifficultthanitis;allthedriversshouldbemadetotakeatesteverythreeyearsorso;theageatwhichyoungpeopleareallowedtodriveanyvehicleshouldberaisedtoatleast21;allvehiclesshouldbeputthroughstringentannualtestsforsafety.Eventhesmallestamountofalcoholinthebloodcanimpairaperson’sdrivingability.Presentdrinkinganddrivinglawswheretheyexistshouldbemademuchstricter.Maximumandminimumspeedlimitsshouldbeimposedonallroads.GovernmentsshouldlaydownsafetyspecificationsformanufacturersashasbeendoneintheUSA.Alladvertisingstressingpowerandperformanceshouldbebanned.Thesemeasuresmaysoundinordinatelyharsh.Butsurelynothingshouldbe’consideredassevereifitresultsinreducingtheannualtollofhumanlife.Afteralltheworldisforhumanbeingsnotmotorcars. Whydoestheauthorsaythathiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality
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A Fromthehealthpointofviewwearelivinginamarvelousage.Weareimmunizedfrombirthagainstmanyofthemostdangerousdiseases.Alargenumberofoncefatalillnessescannowbecuredbymoderndrugsandsurgery.Itisalmostcertainthatonedayremedieswillbefoundforthemoststubbornremainingdiseases.Theexpectationoflifehasincreasedenormously.Butthoughthepossibilityoflivingalongandhappylifeisgreaterthaneverbeforeeverydaywewitnessthein-credibleslaughterofmenwomenandchildrenontheroads.Manversusthemotorcar!Itisanever-endingbattlewhichmanislosing.Thousandsofpeopleovertheworldarekilledorhorriblykilledeachyearandwearequietlysittingbackandlettingithappen. Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheelhiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality.Thereisnodoubtthatthemotorcaroftenbringsoutaman’sveryworstqualities.Peoplewhoarenormallyquietandpleasantmaybecomeunrecognizablewhentheyarebe-hindasteering-wheel.Theysweartheyareill-manneredandaggressivewillfulastwo-year-oldsandutterlyselfish.Alltheirhiddenfrustrationsdisappointmentsandjealousiesseemtobebroughttothesurfacebytheactofdriving. Thesurprisingthingisthatsocietysmilessobenignlyonthemotoristandseemstocondonehisbehaviour.Everythingisdoneforhisconvenience.Citiesareallowedtobecomealmostuninhabitablebecauseofheavytraffic;townsaremadeuglybyhugecarparks;thecountrysideisdesecratedbyroadnetworks;andthemassannualslaughterbecomesnothingmorethanastatistictobeconvenientlyforgotten. Itishightimeaworldcodewerecreatedtoreducethissenselesswasteofhumanlife.Withregardtodrivingthelawsofsomecountriesarenotoriouslylaxandeventhestrictestarenotstrictenough.Acodewhichwasuniversallyacceptedcouldonlyhaveadramaticallybeneficialeffectontheaccidentrate.Hereareafewexamplesofsomeofthethingsthatmightbedone.Thedrivingtestshouldbestandardizedandmadefarmoredifficultthanitis;allthedriversshouldbemadetotakeatesteverythreeyearsorso;theageatwhichyoungpeopleareallowedtodriveanyvehicleshouldberaisedtoatleast21;allvehiclesshouldbeputthroughstringentannualtestsforsafety.Eventhesmallestamountofalcoholinthebloodcanimpairaperson’sdrivingability.Presentdrinkinganddrivinglawswheretheyexistshouldbemademuchstricter.Maximumandminimumspeedlimitsshouldbeimposedonallroads.GovernmentsshouldlaydownsafetyspecificationsformanufacturersashasbeendoneintheUSA.Alladvertisingstressingpowerandperformanceshouldbebanned.Thesemeasuresmaysoundinordinatelyharsh.Butsurelynothingshouldbe’consideredassevereifitresultsinreducingtheannualtollofhumanlife.Afteralltheworldisforhumanbeingsnotmotorcars. Themainideaofthispassageisthat
D Howshouldoneinvestasumofmoneyinthesedaysofinflation通货膨胀Leftinabankitwillhardlykeepitsvaluehoweverhightheinterestrateis.OnlyabravemanoraveryrichonedarestobuyandsellontheStockMarket.Todayitseemsthatoneofthebestwaystoprotectyoursavingsandevenincreaseyourwealthistobuybeautifulobjectsfromthepast.HereIamgoingtooffersomeadviceoncollectingantiqueclockswhichIpersonallyconsiderareamongthemostinterestingofantiques. Isometimeswonderwhatabeingfromanotherplanetmightreportbackaboutourwayoflife."TheplanetEarthisruledbyamysteriouscreaturethatsitsorstandsinaroomandmakesastrangetickingsound.Ithasafacewithtwelveblackmarksandtwohands.Mencandonothingwithoutitspermissionanditfastensitsyoungroundpeople’swristssothateverywheremengotheyarestillunderitscontrol.ThiscreatureistherealmasterofEarthandmenareitsslaves." Whetherornotweareslavesoftimetodaydependsonourcultureandpersonalitybutitisbelievedthatmanyyearsagokingskeptspecialslavestotellthetime.Certainmenwereverycleveratmeasuringthetimeofdayaccordingtothebeatingoftheirownhearts.Theyweremadetostandinafixedplaceandeveryhourorsowouldshoutthetime.Soitseemsthatthefirstclockswerehumanbeings. Howevermenquicklyfoundmoreconvenientandreliablewaysoftellingthetime.Theylearnedtousetheshadowscastbythesun.Theymarkedthehoursoncandlesusedsandinhour-glassesandinventedwater-clocks.Indeedanyseriousstudentofantiquesshouldspendasmuchtimeaspossiblevisitingpalacesstatelyhomesandmuseumstoseesomeofthefinestexamplesofclocksfromthepast. Antiqueclockscouldbeveryexpensivebutoneofthejoysofcollectingclocksisthatitisstillpossibletofindquitecheaponesforyourownhome.Afterallifyouaregoingtoberuledbythetimewhynotinvestinairantiqueclockandperhapsmakeafutureprofit TheunderlinedphrasestatelyhomesinParagraph4means
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B Treesshouldonlybepruned修剪whenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoandfortunatelythenumberofsuchreasonsissmall.Pruninginvolvescuttingawayofovergrownandunwantedbranchesandtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmoredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreestogrowintheirownways. Firstpruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize.Theobjectmaybetogetatreeoftherightheightandatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallsidebrancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape.Secondlypruningmaybedonetomakethetreehealthier.Youmaycutoutdiseasedordeadwoodorbranchesthatarerubbingagainsteachotherandthuscausingwounds.Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingthebranchesthatarelockingupthecentreandsopreventingthefreemovementofair. Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwouldisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordiseasesbutitisawoundthatwillheal愈合.Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthediseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordieorthatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk.Itshouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducetheriskasfaraspossible.Itisessentialtomaketheareawhichhasbeenprunedsmoothandcleanforhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness.Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetdryforafewhoursandthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.Pruningisusuallydoneinwinterforthenyoucanseetheshapeofthetreeclearlywithouttheinterference妨碍fromtheleavesanditistooveryunlikelythatthecutsyoumakewillbleed.Ifthisdoeshappenitisofcourseimpossibletopaintthemproperly. Treesbecomeunhealthyifthegardener
E Manypeoplebelievetheglarefromsnowcausessnowblindnenss.Yetdarkglassesornottheyfindthemselvessufferingfromheadachesandwateringeyesandevensnowblindnesswhenex-posedtoseveralhoursof"snowlight". TheUnitedStatesarmyhasnowdeterminedthatglarefromsnowdoesnotcausesnowblindnessintroopsinasnow-coveredcountry.Ratheraman’seyesfrequentlyfindnothingtofocusoninabroadexpanseofbarrensnow-coveredterrain.Sohisgazecontinuallyshiftsandjumpsbackandforthovertheentirelandscapeinsearchofsomethingtolookat.Findingnothinghourafterhourtheeyesneverstopsearchingandtheeyeballsbecomesoreandtheeyemusclesache.Natureoffsetsthisirritationbyproducingmoreandfluidwhichcoverstheeyeball.Thefluidcoverstheeyeballinincreasingquantityuntilvisionblursthenisobservedandtheresultistotaleventhoughtemporarysnowblindness. Experimentsledthearmytoasimplemethodofovercomingthisproblem.Scoutsaheadofamainbodyoftroopsaretrainedtoshakesnowfromevergreenbushescreatingadottedlineastheycrosscompletelysnow-coveredlandscape.Eventhescoutsthemselvesthrowlightweightdarkcoloredobjectsaheadonwhichtheytoocanfocus.Themenfollowingcanthenseesomething.Theirgazeisarrested.Theireyesfocusonabushandhavingfoundsomethingtoseestopscouringthesnow-blanketedlanscape.Byfocusingtheirattentionononeobjectatatimethemencancrossthesnowwithoutbecominghopelesslysnowblindorlost.Inthiswaytheproblemofcrossingasolidwhiteterrainisovercome. Asuitabletideforthispassagewouldbe
E Manypeoplebelievetheglarefromsnowcausessnowblindnenss.Yetdarkglassesornottheyfindthemselvessufferingfromheadachesandwateringeyesandevensnowblindnesswhenex-posedtoseveralhoursof"snowlight". TheUnitedStatesarmyhasnowdeterminedthatglarefromsnowdoesnotcausesnowblindnessintroopsinasnow-coveredcountry.Ratheraman’seyesfrequentlyfindnothingtofocusoninabroadexpanseofbarrensnow-coveredterrain.Sohisgazecontinuallyshiftsandjumpsbackandforthovertheentirelandscapeinsearchofsomethingtolookat.Findingnothinghourafterhourtheeyesneverstopsearchingandtheeyeballsbecomesoreandtheeyemusclesache.Natureoffsetsthisirritationbyproducingmoreandfluidwhichcoverstheeyeball.Thefluidcoverstheeyeballinincreasingquantityuntilvisionblursthenisobservedandtheresultistotaleventhoughtemporarysnowblindness. Experimentsledthearmytoasimplemethodofovercomingthisproblem.Scoutsaheadofamainbodyoftroopsaretrainedtoshakesnowfromevergreenbushescreatingadottedlineastheycrosscompletelysnow-coveredlandscape.Eventhescoutsthemselvesthrowlightweightdarkcoloredobjectsaheadonwhichtheytoocanfocus.Themenfollowingcanthenseesomething.Theirgazeisarrested.Theireyesfocusonabushandhavingfoundsomethingtoseestopscouringthesnow-blanketedlanscape.Byfocusingtheirattentionononeobjectatatimethemencancrossthesnowwithoutbecominghopelesslysnowblindorlost.Inthiswaytheproblemofcrossingasolidwhiteterrainisovercome. Topreventheadacheswateringeyesandblindnesscausedbytheglarefromsnowdarkglassesare
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—Haveyougotanyideaforthesummervacation—Idon’tmindwherewego______there’ssunseaandbeach．
C Statusesaremarveloushumaninventionsthatenableustogetalongwithoneanotherandtodeterminewherewe"fit"insociety.Aswegoaboutoureverydayliveswementallyattempttoplacepeopleintermoftheirstatuses.Forexamplewemustjudgewhetherthepeopleinlibraryisareaderoralibrarianwhetherthetelephonecallerisafriendorasalesmanwhethertheunfamiliarpersononourpropertyisathieforameterreaderandsoon. Thestatusesweassumeoftenvarywiththepeopleweencounterandchangethroughoutlife.Mostofuscanatveryhighspeedassumethestatusesthatvarioussituationsrequire.Muchofsocialinteractionconsistsofidentifyingandselectingamongappropriatestatusesandallowingotherpeopletoassumetheirstatusesinrelationtous.Thismeansthatwefitouractionstothoseofotherpeoplebasedonaconstantmentalprocessofappraisalandinterpretation.Althoughsomeofusfindthetaskmoredifficultthanothersmostofusperformitrathereffortlessly. Statuseshasbeencomparedtoready-madeclothes.Withincertainlimitsthebuyercanchoosestyleandfabric.ButanAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostumeofaChinesepeasantorthatofaHinduprince.Wemustchoosefromamongtheclothingpresentedbyfitaswellasbyourpocket-boob.Havingmadeachoicefromminoradjustmentswetendtobelimitedtowhatthestoreschoiceamongthemislimited. ThewordappraisalLine5Para.2mostprobablymeans
C Statusesaremarveloushumaninventionsthatenableustogetalongwithoneanotherandtodeterminewherewe"fit"insociety.Aswegoaboutoureverydayliveswementallyattempttoplacepeopleintermoftheirstatuses.Forexamplewemustjudgewhetherthepeopleinlibraryisareaderoralibrarianwhetherthetelephonecallerisafriendorasalesmanwhethertheunfamiliarpersononourpropertyisathieforameterreaderandsoon. Thestatusesweassumeoftenvarywiththepeopleweencounterandchangethroughoutlife.Mostofuscanatveryhighspeedassumethestatusesthatvarioussituationsrequire.Muchofsocialinteractionconsistsofidentifyingandselectingamongappropriatestatusesandallowingotherpeopletoassumetheirstatusesinrelationtous.Thismeansthatwefitouractionstothoseofotherpeoplebasedonaconstantmentalprocessofappraisalandinterpretation.Althoughsomeofusfindthetaskmoredifficultthanothersmostofusperformitrathereffortlessly. Statuseshasbeencomparedtoready-madeclothes.Withincertainlimitsthebuyercanchoosestyleandfabric.ButanAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostumeofaChinesepeasantorthatofaHinduprince.Wemustchoosefromamongtheclothingpresentedbyfitaswellasbyourpocket-boob.Havingmadeachoicefromminoradjustmentswetendtobelimitedtowhatthestoreschoiceamongthemislimited. Inthefirstparagraphthewritertellsusthatstatusescanhelpus
Thegirllikes______and______．
ThehouseIgrewup______hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding．
Someadvancedmaterialsareanoldstandardwithanewtwist.Thenewestfiberopticcablesthatcarrytelephonecallscross-countryaremadeofglasssotransparentthatapieceof100milesthickisclearerthanastandardwindowpane.
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