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The Building of the Pyramids ? ?The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. ?(46) ? Th...
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_________atthefootofHelanMountaintheroyaltombsofXi
Standing ; building
Stand ; building
Standing ; built
Stand ; built
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TheBuildingofthePyramids??Theoldeststonebuildingsi
TheBuildingofthePyramidsTheoldeststonebuildingsint
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{{*HTML*}}BeesandColour??Onourtableinthegardenweputabluecardandallaroundthisbluecardweputanumberofdifferentgreycards.Thesegreycardsareofallpossibleshadesofgreyandincludewhiteandblack.Oneachcardawatch-glassisplaced.Thewatch-glassonthebluecardhassomesyrup果汁initalltheothersareempty.Afterashorttimebeesfindthesyrupandtheycomeforitagainandagain.Thenaftersomehourswetakeawaythewatch-glassofsyrupwhichwasonthebluecardandputanemptyoneinitsplace.??Nowwhatdothebeesdo?Theystillgostraighttothebluecardalthoughthereisnosyrupthere.Theydonotgotoanyofthegreycardsinspiteofthefactthatoneofthegreycardsisofexactlythesamebrightnessasthebluecard.Thusthebeesdonotmistakeanyshadeofgreyforblue.Inthiswaywehaveprovedthattheydoreallyseeblueasacolour.??Wecanfindoutinjustthesamewaywhatothercoloursbeescansee.Itturnsoutthatbeescanseevariouscoloursbuttheseinsectsdifferfromusasregardstheircolour-senseintwoveryinterestingways.Supposewetrainbeestocometoaredcardandhavingdonesoweputtheredcardonthetableinthegardenamongthesetofdifferentgreycards.Thistimewefindthatthebeesmistakeredfordarkgreyorblack.Theycannotdistinguishbetweenthem.Thismeansthatredisnotacolouratallforbees;forthemitisjustdarkgreyorblack.??Thatisonestrangefact;hereisanother.Arainbowisredononeedgevioletontheother.Outsidethevioletoftherainbowthereisanothercolourwhichwecannotseeatall.ThiscolourbeyondthevioletinvisibletousiscalledtheuItra-violet.Althoughitisinvisibleweknowthattheultra-violetistherebecauseitaffectsaphotographicplate.Nowalthoughweareunabletoseeultra-violetlightbeescandoso;forthemultra-violetisacolour.Thusbeesseeacolourwhichwecannotevenimagine.Thishasbeenfoundoutbytrainingbeestocomeforsyruptovariouspartsofaspectrumorartificialrainbowthrownbyaprismonatableinadarkroom.Insuchanexperimenttheinsectscanbetaughttoflytotheultra-violetwhichforusisjustdarkness.Theexperimentdescribedinthesecondparagraphaimedtofindoutthatbeesarenotabletoseegreyasaeolour.
{{*HTML*}}Seasonalvariationsintidesareduemainlytothegravitationalpullofthemoon.
{{*HTML*}}High-speedRailonTrack??IfanagreementsignedinGermanyworksouttravellersofthisAsiancitymayonedaybeabletozipfromthedowntownareatoitsnewairportonatrainridingastreamofmagneticenergyatspeedsupto500kilometresperhour.??The40-kilometres-trip-nowsometimesalonghourjourneywhenthetrafficisheavy-couldbecuttolessthan10minutes.??Sucharethegoalsofacostlyprojectdesignedtohelptoshorten’thedistancebetweenthecitycentreandthesuburbanbusyairportbymakingiteasierandfastertocarrytravellerstoandbackfromtheairport.??ThemayorofthecityandGermany’sThyssenKruppAGworkedoutanagreementinBerlinonlyseveraldaysagothatlaysthegroundworkforthemagneticlevitationtrainline.Theysignedacommitmenttocarryoutafeasibilitystudyontheprojectandoutlinedthecity’sintentiontoimportGermantechnology.Thisprojectoncecompletedandacceptabletothetwobusinesspartieswillbeadouble-wintheGermancompanycanbenefitfromexportingitstechnologyandequipmentandthecityreceivingGermantechnologycanimproveitstrafficandfurtherstrengthenitspositionasacosmopolis.??CalledMaglevforshortthesystemunderdiscussionmakesuseofahigh-speedtrainlevitatedaboveaguidewayandpropelledbymagneticfields.Theprojecthasbeeninthetalkingstageforseveralmonths.??HansUeberschaerGerman’sambassadorvisitedthecitytogetherwithHarmutHeinerepresentativeofThyssenKrupp.Theyhadaninitialdiscussionwiththemayorthereabouttheprospectoftheproject.ThetalkswerebelievedtobeconstructiveandpavedthewayforthefuturetalksinBerlinwhereacommitmentwasreached.??SourcesfamiliarwiththetalksestimatedthattheprojectwouldcostUS$723millionwhichwouldcovereverythingfromlandusefeesandrailconstructiontotraincars.Completiondateis2005.Ajointventurecompanyistobeestablishedfortheproject.Howlargewillbethesuccessrateoftheagreementsignedbythetwobusinesspartiesaccordingtothepassage?______
{{*HTML*}}A.theycanfindthebeststudentsB.theuniversity’sacademicadvancementandphysicalextensionC.someofthemostdistinguishedscholarsoftheworldD.whereasportsmeetisheldeveryyearE.musthavebeenthetopstudentsintheirclassF.mustbehardworkingFinancialsupportfrombothprivateorganizationsandthegovernmenthasmadepossible______.
{{*HTML*}}TheatmosphereanarrowbandofgasessurroundingtheEarthismaintainedbygravitationalpull.
{{*HTML*}}HappyMarriageHappyHeart??Happilymarriedpeoplehavelowerbloodpressure?51?unhappilymarriedpeopleorsinglesaBrighamYoungUniversitystudysays.??Ontheotherhandevenhavingasupportivesocialnetworkdidnottranslateintoabloodpressurebenefitforsinglesorunhappily?52?peopleaccordingtothestudy.??Thereseemtobesomeuniquehealthbenefitsfrommarriage.It’snotjustbeingmarried?53??benefitshealth-what’sreallythemostprotectiveofhealthishavingahappy?54?studyauthorJulianneHolt-Lunstadapsychologistwhospecializesinrelationshipsandhealthsaidinapreparedstatement.??Thestudyincluded204marriedand99?55?adultswhoworeportableblood-pressuremonitorsfor24hours.The?56?recordedbloodpressureatrandomintervalsandprovidedatotalofabout72readings.??Wewantedtocaptureparticipants’bloodpressuredoingwhatevertheynormally?57?ineverydaylife.Gettingoneortworeadingsinaclinicisnotreally?58?ofthefluctuationsthatoccurthroughoutthedayHolt-Lunstadsaid.??Overallhappilymarriedpeoplescoredfourpoints?59?onthebloodpressurereadingsthansingleadults.Thestudyalsofoundthatblood?60?amongmarriedpeopleespeciallythoseinhappymarriages?61?moreduringsleepthaninsinglepeople.??Researchhasshownthatpeoplewhosebloodpressureremainshighthroughoutthenightareat?62?greaterriskofheartdiseasethanpeoplewhosebloodpressuredropsHoltLunstadsaid.??ThestudywaspublishedintheMarch20?63?ofthejournalAnnalsofBehavioralMedicine.??Thestudyalsofoundthatunhappilymarriedadultshavehigherbloodpressurethan?64??happilymarriedandsingleadults.??Holt-Lunstadnotedthatmarriedcouplescanencouragehealthyhabitsinone?65?suchaseatingahealthydietandhavingregulardoctorvisits.Peopleinhappymarriagesalsohaveasourceofemotionalsupportshesaid.
{{*HTML*}}BeesandColour??Onourtableinthegardenweputabluecardandallaroundthisbluecardweputanumberofdifferentgreycards.Thesegreycardsareofallpossibleshadesofgreyandincludewhiteandblack.Oneachcardawatch-glassisplaced.Thewatch-glassonthebluecardhassomesyrup果汁initalltheothersareempty.Afterashorttimebeesfindthesyrupandtheycomeforitagainandagain.Thenaftersomehourswetakeawaythewatch-glassofsyrupwhichwasonthebluecardandputanemptyoneinitsplace.??Nowwhatdothebeesdo?Theystillgostraighttothebluecardalthoughthereisnosyrupthere.Theydonotgotoanyofthegreycardsinspiteofthefactthatoneofthegreycardsisofexactlythesamebrightnessasthebluecard.Thusthebeesdonotmistakeanyshadeofgreyforblue.Inthiswaywehaveprovedthattheydoreallyseeblueasacolour.??Wecanfindoutinjustthesamewaywhatothercoloursbeescansee.Itturnsoutthatbeescanseevariouscoloursbuttheseinsectsdifferfromusasregardstheircolour-senseintwoveryinterestingways.Supposewetrainbeestocometoaredcardandhavingdonesoweputtheredcardonthetableinthegardenamongthesetofdifferentgreycards.Thistimewefindthatthebeesmistakeredfordarkgreyorblack.Theycannotdistinguishbetweenthem.Thismeansthatredisnotacolouratallforbees;forthemitisjustdarkgreyorblack.??Thatisonestrangefact;hereisanother.Arainbowisredononeedgevioletontheother.Outsidethevioletoftherainbowthereisanothercolourwhichwecannotseeatall.ThiscolourbeyondthevioletinvisibletousiscalledtheuItra-violet.Althoughitisinvisibleweknowthattheultra-violetistherebecauseitaffectsaphotographicplate.Nowalthoughweareunabletoseeultra-violetlightbeescandoso;forthemultra-violetisacolour.Thusbeesseeacolourwhichwecannotevenimagine.Thishasbeenfoundoutbytrainingbeestocomeforsyruptovariouspartsofaspectrumorartificialrainbowthrownbyaprismonatableinadarkroom.Insuchanexperimenttheinsectscanbetaughttoflytotheultra-violetwhichforusisjustdarkness.Theexperimentwithbeesdescribedinthefirstandsecondparagraphstellusthatbeesregardblueasacolour.
{{*HTML*}}Late-nightDrinking??Coffeeloversbeware.Havingaquickpick-me-upcupofcoffee1lateinthedaywillplayhavocwithyoursleep.Aswellasbeingastimulantcaffeineinterruptstheflowofmelatoninthebrainhormonethatsendspeopleintoasleep.??Melatoninlevelsnormallystarttoriseabouttwohoursbeforebedtime.Levelsthenpeakbetween2a.m.and4a.m.beforefallingagain.It’stheneurohormonethatcontrolsoursleepandtellsourbodywhentosleepandwhentowakesaysMauriceOhayonoftheStanfordSleepEpidemiologyResearchCenteratStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.ButresearchersinIsraelhavefoundthatcaffeinatedcoffeehalvesthebody’slevelsofthissleephormone.??LotanShiloandateamattheSapirMedicalCenterinTelAvivUniversityfoundthatsixvolunteerssleptlesswellafteracupofcaffeinatedcoffeethanafterdrinkingthesameamountofdecal.Onaveragesubjectsslept336minutespernightafterdrinkingcaffeinatedcoffeecomparedwith415minutesafterdecal.Theyalsotookhalfanhourtodropoff-twiceaslongasusual-andjiggedaroundinbedtwiceasmuch.??Inthesecondphaseoftheexperimenttheresearcherswolfethevolunteerseverythreehoursandaskedthemtogiveaurinesample.Shilomeasuredconcentrationsofabreakdownproductofmelatonin.Theresultssuggestthatmelatoninconcentrationsincaffeinedrinkerswerehalfthoseindecaldrinkers.InapaperacceptedforpublicationinSleepMedicinctheresearcherssuggestthatcaffeineblocksproductionoftheenzymethatdrivesmelatoninproduction.??BecauseitcantakemanyhourstoeliminatecaffeinefromthebodyOhayonrecommendsthatcoffeeloversswitchtodecalafterlunch.Whichofthefollowingtellsushowcaffeineaffectssleep?______
{{*HTML*}}HappyMarriageHappyHeart??Happilymarriedpeoplehavelowerbloodpressure?51?unhappilymarriedpeopleorsinglesaBrighamYoungUniversitystudysays.??Ontheotherhandevenhavingasupportivesocialnetworkdidnottranslateintoabloodpressurebenefitforsinglesorunhappily?52?peopleaccordingtothestudy.??Thereseemtobesomeuniquehealthbenefitsfrommarriage.It’snotjustbeingmarried?53??benefitshealth-what’sreallythemostprotectiveofhealthishavingahappy?54?studyauthorJulianneHolt-Lunstadapsychologistwhospecializesinrelationshipsandhealthsaidinapreparedstatement.??Thestudyincluded204marriedand99?55?adultswhoworeportableblood-pressuremonitorsfor24hours.The?56?recordedbloodpressureatrandomintervalsandprovidedatotalofabout72readings.??Wewantedtocaptureparticipants’bloodpressuredoingwhatevertheynormally?57?ineverydaylife.Gettingoneortworeadingsinaclinicisnotreally?58?ofthefluctuationsthatoccurthroughoutthedayHolt-Lunstadsaid.??Overallhappilymarriedpeoplescoredfourpoints?59?onthebloodpressurereadingsthansingleadults.Thestudyalsofoundthatblood?60?amongmarriedpeopleespeciallythoseinhappymarriages?61?moreduringsleepthaninsinglepeople.??Researchhasshownthatpeoplewhosebloodpressureremainshighthroughoutthenightareat?62?greaterriskofheartdiseasethanpeoplewhosebloodpressuredropsHoltLunstadsaid.??ThestudywaspublishedintheMarch20?63?ofthejournalAnnalsofBehavioralMedicine.??Thestudyalsofoundthatunhappilymarriedadultshavehigherbloodpressurethan?64??happilymarriedandsingleadults.??Holt-Lunstadnotedthatmarriedcouplescanencouragehealthyhabitsinone?65?suchaseatingahealthydietandhavingregulardoctorvisits.Peopleinhappymarriagesalsohaveasourceofemotionalsupportshesaid.
{{*HTML*}}PublicRelations??Publicrelationsisabroadsetofplannedcommunicationsaboutthecompanyincludingpublicityreleasesdesignedtopromotegoodwillandafavorableimage.???46?Sincepublicrelationsinvolvescommunicationswithstockholdersfinancialanalystsgovernmentofficialsandothernoncustomergroupsitisusuallyplacedoutsidethemarketingdepartmentperhapsasastaffdepartmentoroutsideconsultingfirmreportingtotipmanagement.Thisorganizationalplacementcanbealimitationbecausethepublicrelationsdepartmentorconsultantwilllikelynotbeintunewithmarketingefforts.?47?Althoughthebasicpurposeofpublicrelationsistoprovidepositiveinfluenceonthepublicimagethisinfluencegenerallymaybelessthanthatprovidedbytheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemix.???48?Publicityontheotherhandshouldnotbedivorcedfromthemarketingdepartmentasitcanprovideausefuladjuncttotheregularadvertising.?49???Thepointwewishtoemphasizeisthatafirmisdeludingitselfifitthinksitspublicrelationsfunctionwhetherwithinthecompanyoranoutsidefirmcantakecareofpublicimageproblemsandopportunities.?50?Manyofthesehavetodowiththewaythefirmdoesbusinesssuchasitsproductqualitytheservicingandhandlingofcomplaintsandthetenoroftheadvertising.Publicrelationsanddirectedpublicitymayhelphighlightfavorablenewsworthyeventsandmayevensucceedintoningdowntheworstofunfavorablepublicitybuttheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemixcreatemorelastingimpressions.A.Publicitymaybeintheformofnewsreleasesthathavefavorableovertonesforthecompanyinitiatedbythepublicrelationsdepartment.B.Furthermorenotallpublicityisinitiatedbythefirmsomecanresultformanunfavorablepressasareactiontocertainactionsorlackofactionsthatarecontroversialorevendownrightill-advised.C.Publicitythenispartofpublicrelationswhenitisinitiatedbythefirmusuallyintheformofpressreleasesorpressconferences.D.Manyfactorsimpactonthepublicimage.E.Itsurelycausesheavylossestothecompany.F.Poorcommunicationandnocoordinationmaybetheconsequences.
{{*HTML*}}PublicRelations??Publicrelationsisabroadsetofplannedcommunicationsaboutthecompanyincludingpublicityreleasesdesignedtopromotegoodwillandafavorableimage.???46?Sincepublicrelationsinvolvescommunicationswithstockholdersfinancialanalystsgovernmentofficialsandothernoncustomergroupsitisusuallyplacedoutsidethemarketingdepartmentperhapsasastaffdepartmentoroutsideconsultingfirmreportingtotipmanagement.Thisorganizationalplacementcanbealimitationbecausethepublicrelationsdepartmentorconsultantwilllikelynotbeintunewithmarketingefforts.?47?Althoughthebasicpurposeofpublicrelationsistoprovidepositiveinfluenceonthepublicimagethisinfluencegenerallymaybelessthanthatprovidedbytheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemix.???48?Publicityontheotherhandshouldnotbedivorcedfromthemarketingdepartmentasitcanprovideausefuladjuncttotheregularadvertising.?49???Thepointwewishtoemphasizeisthatafirmisdeludingitselfifitthinksitspublicrelationsfunctionwhetherwithinthecompanyoranoutsidefirmcantakecareofpublicimageproblemsandopportunities.?50?Manyofthesehavetodowiththewaythefirmdoesbusinesssuchasitsproductqualitytheservicingandhandlingofcomplaintsandthetenoroftheadvertising.Publicrelationsanddirectedpublicitymayhelphighlightfavorablenewsworthyeventsandmayevensucceedintoningdowntheworstofunfavorablepublicitybuttheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemixcreatemorelastingimpressions.A.Publicitymaybeintheformofnewsreleasesthathavefavorableovertonesforthecompanyinitiatedbythepublicrelationsdepartment.B.Furthermorenotallpublicityisinitiatedbythefirmsomecanresultformanunfavorablepressasareactiontocertainactionsorlackofactionsthatarecontroversialorevendownrightill-advised.C.Publicitythenispartofpublicrelationswhenitisinitiatedbythefirmusuallyintheformofpressreleasesorpressconferences.D.Manyfactorsimpactonthepublicimage.E.Itsurelycausesheavylossestothecompany.F.Poorcommunicationandnocoordinationmaybetheconsequences.
{{*HTML*}}SleepLetsBrainFileMemories??Tosleep.Perchancetofile?FindingspublishedonlinethisweekbytheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesfurthersupportthetheorythatthebrainorganizesandstowsmemoriesformedduringthedaywhiletherestofthebodyiscatchingzzz’s.??GyorgyBuzsakiofRutgersuniversityandhiscolleaguesanalyzedthebrainwavesofsleepingratsandmice.Specificallytheyexaminedtheelectricalactivityemanatingfromthesomatosensoryneocortexanareathatprocessessensoryinformationandthehippocampuswhichisacenterforlearningandmemory.Thescientistsfoundthatoscillationinbrainwavesfromthetworegionsappeartobeintertwined.So-calledsleepspindlesburstsofactivityfromtheneocortexwerefollowedtensofmillisecondslaterbybeatsinthehippocampusknownasripples.Theteampositsthatthisinterplaybetweenthetwobrainregionsisakeystepinmemoryconsolidation.??AsecondstudyalsopublishedonlinethisweekbytheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofScienceslinksage-associatedmemorydeclinetohighglucoselevels.??Previousresearchhadshownthatindividualswithdiabetessufferfromincreasedmemoryproblems.InthenewworkAntonioConvitofNewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicineandhiscollaboratorsstudied30peoplewhoseaverageagewas69toinvestigatewhethersugarlevelswhichtendtoincreasewithageaffectmemoryinhealthypeopleaswell.Thescientistsadministeredrecalltestsbrainscansandglucosetolerancetestswhichmeasurehowquicklysugarisabsorbedfromthebloodbythebody’stissues.Subjectswiththepoorestmemoryrecollectiontheteamdiscoveredalsodisplayedthepoorestglucosetolerance.Inadditiontheirbrainscansshowedmorehippocampusshrinkagethanthoseofsubjectsbetterabletoabsorbbloodsugar.??Ourstudysuggeststhatthisimpairmentmaycontributetothememorydeficitsthatoccuraspeopleage.Convitsays.Anditraisestheintriguingpossibilitythatimprovingglucosetolerancecouldreversesomeage-associatedproblemsincognitionExerciseandweightcontrolcanhelpkeepglucoselevelsinchecksotheremaybeonemorereasontogotothegym.Accordingtothelastparagraphwhatistheultimatereasonforgoingtothegym?______
{{*HTML*}}StanfordUniversity??1?StanfordUniversityfamousasoneofnorthernCalifornia’sseveralinstitutionsofhigherlearningissometimescalledtheHarvardoftheWest.TheclosenessofStanfordtoSanFranciscoacitythirty-twomilestothenorthgivestheuniversityadecidectlycosmopolitanflavor.??2?ThestudentsareenrolledmainlyfromthewesternUnitedStates.ButmostofthefiftystatessendstudentstoStanfordandmanyforeignstudentsstudyhereaswell.Andstandardsforadmissionremainhigh.Youngmenandwomenareselectedtoentertheuniversityfromtheupperfifteenpercentoftheirhighschoolclasses.??3?NotonlybecauseofthehighcaliberofitsstudentsButalsoBecauseofthedesirablelocationandclimateStanfordhasattractedtoitsfacuhysomeoftheworld’smostrespectedscholars.TheuniversitystaffhasincludedmanyNobelPrizewinnerssuchasDr.FelixBlochDr.RobertHofstadterandDr.WilliamShockleyinphysicsDr.AuthorKornbergandDr.JoshuaLederberginmedicineandDr.PaulJ.FloryandDr.LinusPaulinginchemistry.TheRussiannovelistAleksandrSoIzhenistsynhasBeeninresidence.Stanford’sundergraduateschoolofengineeringanditsgraduateschoolsofbusinesslawandmedicineareespeciallywell-regarded.??4?WhatisstudentlifelikeonTheFarm?CuhurallythecampusisamagnetforBothstudentsandcitizensofnearbycommunities.Playsconcertsandoperasareperformedintheuniversity’sseveralauditoriumsandinitsoutdoortheaterwheregraduationsarealsoheld.Severalfilmseriesarepresentedduringtheschoolyear.Guestlecturersfrompublicandacademiclifefrequentlyappearoncampus.IntheeveningsmanystudentsgathertosocializeintheStudentUnion’scoffeehouse;heretheBeveragesandtheatmospherebothhaveadecidedlyEuropeanflavor.Forthesports-mindedtheStanfordcampusoffershighlydevelopedathleticfacilities.TeamsportsswimmingandtrackandfieldactivityareallverymuchpartoftheStanfordpicture.Soarebicyclingandjogging.??5?InadditiontofinancialsupportfromalumniStanfordreceivesgrantsfromthegovernmentandfromprivatephilanthropicfoundations.Inrecentyearsgovernmentgrantshavemadepossibleadvancedstudiesinthefieldsofhistorypsychologyeducationandatomicenergy.AtpresentsStanfordiscarryingoutanambitiousbuildingprogramfinancedinpartbytheFordFoundation’s25milliongrant.Recentlyaddedtothecampusareanewphysicsbuildingnewschoolofbusinessnewgraduateschooloflawnewstudentunionandundergraduatelibrary.A.ColorfullifeonthecampusB.IntelligentstudentbodyC.SchooladministrationD.DistinguishedfacultyE.SubstantialfinancialsupportF.TheHarvardoftheWestParagraph3______
{{*HTML*}}Late-nightDrinking??Coffeeloversbeware.Havingaquickpick-me-upcupofcoffee1lateinthedaywillplayhavocwithyoursleep.Aswellasbeingastimulantcaffeineinterruptstheflowofmelatoninthebrainhormonethatsendspeopleintoasleep.??Melatoninlevelsnormallystarttoriseabouttwohoursbeforebedtime.Levelsthenpeakbetween2a.m.and4a.m.beforefallingagain.It’stheneurohormonethatcontrolsoursleepandtellsourbodywhentosleepandwhentowakesaysMauriceOhayonoftheStanfordSleepEpidemiologyResearchCenteratStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.ButresearchersinIsraelhavefoundthatcaffeinatedcoffeehalvesthebody’slevelsofthissleephormone.??LotanShiloandateamattheSapirMedicalCenterinTelAvivUniversityfoundthatsixvolunteerssleptlesswellafteracupofcaffeinatedcoffeethanafterdrinkingthesameamountofdecal.Onaveragesubjectsslept336minutespernightafterdrinkingcaffeinatedcoffeecomparedwith415minutesafterdecal.Theyalsotookhalfanhourtodropoff-twiceaslongasusual-andjiggedaroundinbedtwiceasmuch.??Inthesecondphaseoftheexperimenttheresearcherswolfethevolunteerseverythreehoursandaskedthemtogiveaurinesample.Shilomeasuredconcentrationsofabreakdownproductofmelatonin.Theresultssuggestthatmelatoninconcentrationsincaffeinedrinkerswerehalfthoseindecaldrinkers.InapaperacceptedforpublicationinSleepMedicinctheresearcherssuggestthatcaffeineblocksproductionoftheenzymethatdrivesmelatoninproduction.??BecauseitcantakemanyhourstoeliminatecaffeinefromthebodyOhayonrecommendsthatcoffeeloversswitchtodecalafterlunch.Whatdoestheexperimentmentionedinparagraph4prove?______
{{*HTML*}}High-speedRailonTrack??IfanagreementsignedinGermanyworksouttravellersofthisAsiancitymayonedaybeabletozipfromthedowntownareatoitsnewairportonatrainridingastreamofmagneticenergyatspeedsupto500kilometresperhour.??The40-kilometres-trip-nowsometimesalonghourjourneywhenthetrafficisheavy-couldbecuttolessthan10minutes.??Sucharethegoalsofacostlyprojectdesignedtohelptoshorten’thedistancebetweenthecitycentreandthesuburbanbusyairportbymakingiteasierandfastertocarrytravellerstoandbackfromtheairport.??ThemayorofthecityandGermany’sThyssenKruppAGworkedoutanagreementinBerlinonlyseveraldaysagothatlaysthegroundworkforthemagneticlevitationtrainline.Theysignedacommitmenttocarryoutafeasibilitystudyontheprojectandoutlinedthecity’sintentiontoimportGermantechnology.Thisprojectoncecompletedandacceptabletothetwobusinesspartieswillbeadouble-wintheGermancompanycanbenefitfromexportingitstechnologyandequipmentandthecityreceivingGermantechnologycanimproveitstrafficandfurtherstrengthenitspositionasacosmopolis.??CalledMaglevforshortthesystemunderdiscussionmakesuseofahigh-speedtrainlevitatedaboveaguidewayandpropelledbymagneticfields.Theprojecthasbeeninthetalkingstageforseveralmonths.??HansUeberschaerGerman’sambassadorvisitedthecitytogetherwithHarmutHeinerepresentativeofThyssenKrupp.Theyhadaninitialdiscussionwiththemayorthereabouttheprospectoftheproject.ThetalkswerebelievedtobeconstructiveandpavedthewayforthefuturetalksinBerlinwhereacommitmentwasreached.??SourcesfamiliarwiththetalksestimatedthattheprojectwouldcostUS$723millionwhichwouldcovereverythingfromlandusefeesandrailconstructiontotraincars.Completiondateis2005.Ajointventurecompanyistobeestablishedfortheproject.Whatwasthesignedcommitmentmainlyabout?______
{{*HTML*}}BeesandColour??Onourtableinthegardenweputabluecardandallaroundthisbluecardweputanumberofdifferentgreycards.Thesegreycardsareofallpossibleshadesofgreyandincludewhiteandblack.Oneachcardawatch-glassisplaced.Thewatch-glassonthebluecardhassomesyrup果汁initalltheothersareempty.Afterashorttimebeesfindthesyrupandtheycomeforitagainandagain.Thenaftersomehourswetakeawaythewatch-glassofsyrupwhichwasonthebluecardandputanemptyoneinitsplace.??Nowwhatdothebeesdo?Theystillgostraighttothebluecardalthoughthereisnosyrupthere.Theydonotgotoanyofthegreycardsinspiteofthefactthatoneofthegreycardsisofexactlythesamebrightnessasthebluecard.Thusthebeesdonotmistakeanyshadeofgreyforblue.Inthiswaywehaveprovedthattheydoreallyseeblueasacolour.??Wecanfindoutinjustthesamewaywhatothercoloursbeescansee.Itturnsoutthatbeescanseevariouscoloursbuttheseinsectsdifferfromusasregardstheircolour-senseintwoveryinterestingways.Supposewetrainbeestocometoaredcardandhavingdonesoweputtheredcardonthetableinthegardenamongthesetofdifferentgreycards.Thistimewefindthatthebeesmistakeredfordarkgreyorblack.Theycannotdistinguishbetweenthem.Thismeansthatredisnotacolouratallforbees;forthemitisjustdarkgreyorblack.??Thatisonestrangefact;hereisanother.Arainbowisredononeedgevioletontheother.Outsidethevioletoftherainbowthereisanothercolourwhichwecannotseeatall.ThiscolourbeyondthevioletinvisibletousiscalledtheuItra-violet.Althoughitisinvisibleweknowthattheultra-violetistherebecauseitaffectsaphotographicplate.Nowalthoughweareunabletoseeultra-violetlightbeescandoso;forthemultra-violetisacolour.Thusbeesseeacolourwhichwecannotevenimagine.Thishasbeenfoundoutbytrainingbeestocomeforsyruptovariouspartsofaspectrumorartificialrainbowthrownbyaprismonatableinadarkroom.Insuchanexperimenttheinsectscanbetaughttoflytotheultra-violetwhichforusisjustdarkness.Thefourthparagraphtellsusthatbeesmaybeharmedbyultra-violetlight.
{{*HTML*}}HappyMarriageHappyHeart??Happilymarriedpeoplehavelowerbloodpressure?51?unhappilymarriedpeopleorsinglesaBrighamYoungUniversitystudysays.??Ontheotherhandevenhavingasupportivesocialnetworkdidnottranslateintoabloodpressurebenefitforsinglesorunhappily?52?peopleaccordingtothestudy.??Thereseemtobesomeuniquehealthbenefitsfrommarriage.It’snotjustbeingmarried?53??benefitshealth-what’sreallythemostprotectiveofhealthishavingahappy?54?studyauthorJulianneHolt-Lunstadapsychologistwhospecializesinrelationshipsandhealthsaidinapreparedstatement.??Thestudyincluded204marriedand99?55?adultswhoworeportableblood-pressuremonitorsfor24hours.The?56?recordedbloodpressureatrandomintervalsandprovidedatotalofabout72readings.??Wewantedtocaptureparticipants’bloodpressuredoingwhatevertheynormally?57?ineverydaylife.Gettingoneortworeadingsinaclinicisnotreally?58?ofthefluctuationsthatoccurthroughoutthedayHolt-Lunstadsaid.??Overallhappilymarriedpeoplescoredfourpoints?59?onthebloodpressurereadingsthansingleadults.Thestudyalsofoundthatblood?60?amongmarriedpeopleespeciallythoseinhappymarriages?61?moreduringsleepthaninsinglepeople.??Researchhasshownthatpeoplewhosebloodpressureremainshighthroughoutthenightareat?62?greaterriskofheartdiseasethanpeoplewhosebloodpressuredropsHoltLunstadsaid.??ThestudywaspublishedintheMarch20?63?ofthejournalAnnalsofBehavioralMedicine.??Thestudyalsofoundthatunhappilymarriedadultshavehigherbloodpressurethan?64??happilymarriedandsingleadults.??Holt-Lunstadnotedthatmarriedcouplescanencouragehealthyhabitsinone?65?suchaseatingahealthydietandhavingregulardoctorvisits.Peopleinhappymarriagesalsohaveasourceofemotionalsupportshesaid.
{{*HTML*}}Geneticsisthestudyofthebiologicalfactorsthatinfluenceheredityanddeterminevariationinlivingthings.
{{*HTML*}}HappyMarriageHappyHeart??Happilymarriedpeoplehavelowerbloodpressure?51?unhappilymarriedpeopleorsinglesaBrighamYoungUniversitystudysays.??Ontheotherhandevenhavingasupportivesocialnetworkdidnottranslateintoabloodpressurebenefitforsinglesorunhappily?52?peopleaccordingtothestudy.??Thereseemtobesomeuniquehealthbenefitsfrommarriage.It’snotjustbeingmarried?53??benefitshealth-what’sreallythemostprotectiveofhealthishavingahappy?54?studyauthorJulianneHolt-Lunstadapsychologistwhospecializesinrelationshipsandhealthsaidinapreparedstatement.??Thestudyincluded204marriedand99?55?adultswhoworeportableblood-pressuremonitorsfor24hours.The?56?recordedbloodpressureatrandomintervalsandprovidedatotalofabout72readings.??Wewantedtocaptureparticipants’bloodpressuredoingwhatevertheynormally?57?ineverydaylife.Gettingoneortworeadingsinaclinicisnotreally?58?ofthefluctuationsthatoccurthroughoutthedayHolt-Lunstadsaid.??Overallhappilymarriedpeoplescoredfourpoints?59?onthebloodpressurereadingsthansingleadults.Thestudyalsofoundthatblood?60?amongmarriedpeopleespeciallythoseinhappymarriages?61?moreduringsleepthaninsinglepeople.??Researchhasshownthatpeoplewhosebloodpressureremainshighthroughoutthenightareat?62?greaterriskofheartdiseasethanpeoplewhosebloodpressuredropsHoltLunstadsaid.??ThestudywaspublishedintheMarch20?63?ofthejournalAnnalsofBehavioralMedicine.??Thestudyalsofoundthatunhappilymarriedadultshavehigherbloodpressurethan?64??happilymarriedandsingleadults.??Holt-Lunstadnotedthatmarriedcouplescanencouragehealthyhabitsinone?65?suchaseatingahealthydietandhavingregulardoctorvisits.Peopleinhappymarriagesalsohaveasourceofemotionalsupportshesaid.
{{*HTML*}}BeesandColour??Onourtableinthegardenweputabluecardandallaroundthisbluecardweputanumberofdifferentgreycards.Thesegreycardsareofallpossibleshadesofgreyandincludewhiteandblack.Oneachcardawatch-glassisplaced.Thewatch-glassonthebluecardhassomesyrup果汁initalltheothersareempty.Afterashorttimebeesfindthesyrupandtheycomeforitagainandagain.Thenaftersomehourswetakeawaythewatch-glassofsyrupwhichwasonthebluecardandputanemptyoneinitsplace.??Nowwhatdothebeesdo?Theystillgostraighttothebluecardalthoughthereisnosyrupthere.Theydonotgotoanyofthegreycardsinspiteofthefactthatoneofthegreycardsisofexactlythesamebrightnessasthebluecard.Thusthebeesdonotmistakeanyshadeofgreyforblue.Inthiswaywehaveprovedthattheydoreallyseeblueasacolour.??Wecanfindoutinjustthesamewaywhatothercoloursbeescansee.Itturnsoutthatbeescanseevariouscoloursbuttheseinsectsdifferfromusasregardstheircolour-senseintwoveryinterestingways.Supposewetrainbeestocometoaredcardandhavingdonesoweputtheredcardonthetableinthegardenamongthesetofdifferentgreycards.Thistimewefindthatthebeesmistakeredfordarkgreyorblack.Theycannotdistinguishbetweenthem.Thismeansthatredisnotacolouratallforbees;forthemitisjustdarkgreyorblack.??Thatisonestrangefact;hereisanother.Arainbowisredononeedgevioletontheother.Outsidethevioletoftherainbowthereisanothercolourwhichwecannotseeatall.ThiscolourbeyondthevioletinvisibletousiscalledtheuItra-violet.Althoughitisinvisibleweknowthattheultra-violetistherebecauseitaffectsaphotographicplate.Nowalthoughweareunabletoseeultra-violetlightbeescandoso;forthemultra-violetisacolour.Thusbeesseeacolourwhichwecannotevenimagine.Thishasbeenfoundoutbytrainingbeestocomeforsyruptovariouspartsofaspectrumorartificialrainbowthrownbyaprismonatableinadarkroom.Insuchanexperimenttheinsectscanbetaughttoflytotheultra-violetwhichforusisjustdarkness.Beesaremoresensitivetocoloursthanhumanbeings.
{{*HTML*}}A.theycanfindthebeststudentsB.theuniversity’sacademicadvancementandphysicalextensionC.someofthemostdistinguishedscholarsoftheworldD.whereasportsmeetisheldeveryyearE.musthavebeenthetopstudentsintheirclassF.mustbehardworkingManyprofessorsliketoteachinthisuniversitypartlybecausehere______.
{{*HTML*}}Groupingstarsbyconstellationsisahandywayofmappingthesky.
{{*HTML*}}PublicRelations??Publicrelationsisabroadsetofplannedcommunicationsaboutthecompanyincludingpublicityreleasesdesignedtopromotegoodwillandafavorableimage.???46?Sincepublicrelationsinvolvescommunicationswithstockholdersfinancialanalystsgovernmentofficialsandothernoncustomergroupsitisusuallyplacedoutsidethemarketingdepartmentperhapsasastaffdepartmentoroutsideconsultingfirmreportingtotipmanagement.Thisorganizationalplacementcanbealimitationbecausethepublicrelationsdepartmentorconsultantwilllikelynotbeintunewithmarketingefforts.?47?Althoughthebasicpurposeofpublicrelationsistoprovidepositiveinfluenceonthepublicimagethisinfluencegenerallymaybelessthanthatprovidedbytheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemix.???48?Publicityontheotherhandshouldnotbedivorcedfromthemarketingdepartmentasitcanprovideausefuladjuncttotheregularadvertising.?49???Thepointwewishtoemphasizeisthatafirmisdeludingitselfifitthinksitspublicrelationsfunctionwhetherwithinthecompanyoranoutsidefirmcantakecareofpublicimageproblemsandopportunities.?50?Manyofthesehavetodowiththewaythefirmdoesbusinesssuchasitsproductqualitytheservicingandhandlingofcomplaintsandthetenoroftheadvertising.Publicrelationsanddirectedpublicitymayhelphighlightfavorablenewsworthyeventsandmayevensucceedintoningdowntheworstofunfavorablepublicitybuttheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemixcreatemorelastingimpressions.A.Publicitymaybeintheformofnewsreleasesthathavefavorableovertonesforthecompanyinitiatedbythepublicrelationsdepartment.B.Furthermorenotallpublicityisinitiatedbythefirmsomecanresultformanunfavorablepressasareactiontocertainactionsorlackofactionsthatarecontroversialorevendownrightill-advised.C.Publicitythenispartofpublicrelationswhenitisinitiatedbythefirmusuallyintheformofpressreleasesorpressconferences.D.Manyfactorsimpactonthepublicimage.E.Itsurelycausesheavylossestothecompany.F.Poorcommunicationandnocoordinationmaybetheconsequences.
{{*HTML*}}StanfordUniversity??1?StanfordUniversityfamousasoneofnorthernCalifornia’sseveralinstitutionsofhigherlearningissometimescalledtheHarvardoftheWest.TheclosenessofStanfordtoSanFranciscoacitythirty-twomilestothenorthgivestheuniversityadecidectlycosmopolitanflavor.??2?ThestudentsareenrolledmainlyfromthewesternUnitedStates.ButmostofthefiftystatessendstudentstoStanfordandmanyforeignstudentsstudyhereaswell.Andstandardsforadmissionremainhigh.Youngmenandwomenareselectedtoentertheuniversityfromtheupperfifteenpercentoftheirhighschoolclasses.??3?NotonlybecauseofthehighcaliberofitsstudentsButalsoBecauseofthedesirablelocationandclimateStanfordhasattractedtoitsfacuhysomeoftheworld’smostrespectedscholars.TheuniversitystaffhasincludedmanyNobelPrizewinnerssuchasDr.FelixBlochDr.RobertHofstadterandDr.WilliamShockleyinphysicsDr.AuthorKornbergandDr.JoshuaLederberginmedicineandDr.PaulJ.FloryandDr.LinusPaulinginchemistry.TheRussiannovelistAleksandrSoIzhenistsynhasBeeninresidence.Stanford’sundergraduateschoolofengineeringanditsgraduateschoolsofbusinesslawandmedicineareespeciallywell-regarded.??4?WhatisstudentlifelikeonTheFarm?CuhurallythecampusisamagnetforBothstudentsandcitizensofnearbycommunities.Playsconcertsandoperasareperformedintheuniversity’sseveralauditoriumsandinitsoutdoortheaterwheregraduationsarealsoheld.Severalfilmseriesarepresentedduringtheschoolyear.Guestlecturersfrompublicandacademiclifefrequentlyappearoncampus.IntheeveningsmanystudentsgathertosocializeintheStudentUnion’scoffeehouse;heretheBeveragesandtheatmospherebothhaveadecidedlyEuropeanflavor.Forthesports-mindedtheStanfordcampusoffershighlydevelopedathleticfacilities.TeamsportsswimmingandtrackandfieldactivityareallverymuchpartoftheStanfordpicture.Soarebicyclingandjogging.??5?InadditiontofinancialsupportfromalumniStanfordreceivesgrantsfromthegovernmentandfromprivatephilanthropicfoundations.Inrecentyearsgovernmentgrantshavemadepossibleadvancedstudiesinthefieldsofhistorypsychologyeducationandatomicenergy.AtpresentsStanfordiscarryingoutanambitiousbuildingprogramfinancedinpartbytheFordFoundation’s25milliongrant.Recentlyaddedtothecampusareanewphysicsbuildingnewschoolofbusinessnewgraduateschooloflawnewstudentunionandundergraduatelibrary.A.ColorfullifeonthecampusB.IntelligentstudentbodyC.SchooladministrationD.DistinguishedfacultyE.SubstantialfinancialsupportF.TheHarvardoftheWestParagraph5______
{{*HTML*}}SleepLetsBrainFileMemories??Tosleep.Perchancetofile?FindingspublishedonlinethisweekbytheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesfurthersupportthetheorythatthebrainorganizesandstowsmemoriesformedduringthedaywhiletherestofthebodyiscatchingzzz’s.??GyorgyBuzsakiofRutgersuniversityandhiscolleaguesanalyzedthebrainwavesofsleepingratsandmice.Specificallytheyexaminedtheelectricalactivityemanatingfromthesomatosensoryneocortexanareathatprocessessensoryinformationandthehippocampuswhichisacenterforlearningandmemory.Thescientistsfoundthatoscillationinbrainwavesfromthetworegionsappeartobeintertwined.So-calledsleepspindlesburstsofactivityfromtheneocortexwerefollowedtensofmillisecondslaterbybeatsinthehippocampusknownasripples.Theteampositsthatthisinterplaybetweenthetwobrainregionsisakeystepinmemoryconsolidation.??AsecondstudyalsopublishedonlinethisweekbytheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofScienceslinksage-associatedmemorydeclinetohighglucoselevels.??Previousresearchhadshownthatindividualswithdiabetessufferfromincreasedmemoryproblems.InthenewworkAntonioConvitofNewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicineandhiscollaboratorsstudied30peoplewhoseaverageagewas69toinvestigatewhethersugarlevelswhichtendtoincreasewithageaffectmemoryinhealthypeopleaswell.Thescientistsadministeredrecalltestsbrainscansandglucosetolerancetestswhichmeasurehowquicklysugarisabsorbedfromthebloodbythebody’stissues.Subjectswiththepoorestmemoryrecollectiontheteamdiscoveredalsodisplayedthepoorestglucosetolerance.Inadditiontheirbrainscansshowedmorehippocampusshrinkagethanthoseofsubjectsbetterabletoabsorbbloodsugar.??Ourstudysuggeststhatthisimpairmentmaycontributetothememorydeficitsthatoccuraspeopleage.Convitsays.Anditraisestheintriguingpossibilitythatimprovingglucosetolerancecouldreversesomeage-associatedproblemsincognitionExerciseandweightcontrolcanhelpkeepglucoselevelsinchecksotheremaybeonemorereasontogotothegym.Whatistherelationofmemorytoglucosetoleranceasisindicatedbyaresearchmentionedinparagraph4?______
{{*HTML*}}HappyMarriageHappyHeart??Happilymarriedpeoplehavelowerbloodpressure?51?unhappilymarriedpeopleorsinglesaBrighamYoungUniversitystudysays.??Ontheotherhandevenhavingasupportivesocialnetworkdidnottranslateintoabloodpressurebenefitforsinglesorunhappily?52?peopleaccordingtothestudy.??Thereseemtobesomeuniquehealthbenefitsfrommarriage.It’snotjustbeingmarried?53??benefitshealth-what’sreallythemostprotectiveofhealthishavingahappy?54?studyauthorJulianneHolt-Lunstadapsychologistwhospecializesinrelationshipsandhealthsaidinapreparedstatement.??Thestudyincluded204marriedand99?55?adultswhoworeportableblood-pressuremonitorsfor24hours.The?56?recordedbloodpressureatrandomintervalsandprovidedatotalofabout72readings.??Wewantedtocaptureparticipants’bloodpressuredoingwhatevertheynormally?57?ineverydaylife.Gettingoneortworeadingsinaclinicisnotreally?58?ofthefluctuationsthatoccurthroughoutthedayHolt-Lunstadsaid.??Overallhappilymarriedpeoplescoredfourpoints?59?onthebloodpressurereadingsthansingleadults.Thestudyalsofoundthatblood?60?amongmarriedpeopleespeciallythoseinhappymarriages?61?moreduringsleepthaninsinglepeople.??Researchhasshownthatpeoplewhosebloodpressureremainshighthroughoutthenightareat?62?greaterriskofheartdiseasethanpeoplewhosebloodpressuredropsHoltLunstadsaid.??ThestudywaspublishedintheMarch20?63?ofthejournalAnnalsofBehavioralMedicine.??Thestudyalsofoundthatunhappilymarriedadultshavehigherbloodpressurethan?64??happilymarriedandsingleadults.??Holt-Lunstadnotedthatmarriedcouplescanencouragehealthyhabitsinone?65?suchaseatingahealthydietandhavingregulardoctorvisits.Peopleinhappymarriagesalsohaveasourceofemotionalsupportshesaid.
{{*HTML*}}SleepLetsBrainFileMemories??Tosleep.Perchancetofile?FindingspublishedonlinethisweekbytheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesfurthersupportthetheorythatthebrainorganizesandstowsmemoriesformedduringthedaywhiletherestofthebodyiscatchingzzz’s.??GyorgyBuzsakiofRutgersuniversityandhiscolleaguesanalyzedthebrainwavesofsleepingratsandmice.Specificallytheyexaminedtheelectricalactivityemanatingfromthesomatosensoryneocortexanareathatprocessessensoryinformationandthehippocampuswhichisacenterforlearningandmemory.Thescientistsfoundthatoscillationinbrainwavesfromthetworegionsappeartobeintertwined.So-calledsleepspindlesburstsofactivityfromtheneocortexwerefollowedtensofmillisecondslaterbybeatsinthehippocampusknownasripples.Theteampositsthatthisinterplaybetweenthetwobrainregionsisakeystepinmemoryconsolidation.??AsecondstudyalsopublishedonlinethisweekbytheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofScienceslinksage-associatedmemorydeclinetohighglucoselevels.??Previousresearchhadshownthatindividualswithdiabetessufferfromincreasedmemoryproblems.InthenewworkAntonioConvitofNewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicineandhiscollaboratorsstudied30peoplewhoseaverageagewas69toinvestigatewhethersugarlevelswhichtendtoincreasewithageaffectmemoryinhealthypeopleaswell.Thescientistsadministeredrecalltestsbrainscansandglucosetolerancetestswhichmeasurehowquicklysugarisabsorbedfromthebloodbythebody’stissues.Subjectswiththepoorestmemoryrecollectiontheteamdiscoveredalsodisplayedthepoorestglucosetolerance.Inadditiontheirbrainscansshowedmorehippocampusshrinkagethanthoseofsubjectsbetterabletoabsorbbloodsugar.??Ourstudysuggeststhatthisimpairmentmaycontributetothememorydeficitsthatoccuraspeopleage.Convitsays.Anditraisestheintriguingpossibilitythatimprovingglucosetolerancecouldreversesomeage-associatedproblemsincognitionExerciseandweightcontrolcanhelpkeepglucoselevelsinchecksotheremaybeonemorereasontogotothegym.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisnearestinmeaningtothesentenceTosleep.Perchancetofile?______
{{*HTML*}}HappyMarriageHappyHeart??Happilymarriedpeoplehavelowerbloodpressure?51?unhappilymarriedpeopleorsinglesaBrighamYoungUniversitystudysays.??Ontheotherhandevenhavingasupportivesocialnetworkdidnottranslateintoabloodpressurebenefitforsinglesorunhappily?52?peopleaccordingtothestudy.??Thereseemtobesomeuniquehealthbenefitsfrommarriage.It’snotjustbeingmarried?53??benefitshealth-what’sreallythemostprotectiveofhealthishavingahappy?54?studyauthorJulianneHolt-Lunstadapsychologistwhospecializesinrelationshipsandhealthsaidinapreparedstatement.??Thestudyincluded204marriedand99?55?adultswhoworeportableblood-pressuremonitorsfor24hours.The?56?recordedbloodpressureatrandomintervalsandprovidedatotalofabout72readings.??Wewantedtocaptureparticipants’bloodpressuredoingwhatevertheynormally?57?ineverydaylife.Gettingoneortworeadingsinaclinicisnotreally?58?ofthefluctuationsthatoccurthroughoutthedayHolt-Lunstadsaid.??Overallhappilymarriedpeoplescoredfourpoints?59?onthebloodpressurereadingsthansingleadults.Thestudyalsofoundthatblood?60?amongmarriedpeopleespeciallythoseinhappymarriages?61?moreduringsleepthaninsinglepeople.??Researchhasshownthatpeoplewhosebloodpressureremainshighthroughoutthenightareat?62?greaterriskofheartdiseasethanpeoplewhosebloodpressuredropsHoltLunstadsaid.??ThestudywaspublishedintheMarch20?63?ofthejournalAnnalsofBehavioralMedicine.??Thestudyalsofoundthatunhappilymarriedadultshavehigherbloodpressurethan?64??happilymarriedandsingleadults.??Holt-Lunstadnotedthatmarriedcouplescanencouragehealthyhabitsinone?65?suchaseatingahealthydietandhavingregulardoctorvisits.Peopleinhappymarriagesalsohaveasourceofemotionalsupportshesaid.
{{*HTML*}}HappyMarriageHappyHeart??Happilymarriedpeoplehavelowerbloodpressure?51?unhappilymarriedpeopleorsinglesaBrighamYoungUniversitystudysays.??Ontheotherhandevenhavingasupportivesocialnetworkdidnottranslateintoabloodpressurebenefitforsinglesorunhappily?52?peopleaccordingtothestudy.??Thereseemtobesomeuniquehealthbenefitsfrommarriage.It’snotjustbeingmarried?53??benefitshealth-what’sreallythemostprotectiveofhealthishavingahappy?54?studyauthorJulianneHolt-Lunstadapsychologistwhospecializesinrelationshipsandhealthsaidinapreparedstatement.??Thestudyincluded204marriedand99?55?adultswhoworeportableblood-pressuremonitorsfor24hours.The?56?recordedbloodpressureatrandomintervalsandprovidedatotalofabout72readings.??Wewantedtocaptureparticipants’bloodpressuredoingwhatevertheynormally?57?ineverydaylife.Gettingoneortworeadingsinaclinicisnotreally?58?ofthefluctuationsthatoccurthroughoutthedayHolt-Lunstadsaid.??Overallhappilymarriedpeoplescoredfourpoints?59?onthebloodpressurereadingsthansingleadults.Thestudyalsofoundthatblood?60?amongmarriedpeopleespeciallythoseinhappymarriages?61?moreduringsleepthaninsinglepeople.??Researchhasshownthatpeoplewhosebloodpressureremainshighthroughoutthenightareat?62?greaterriskofheartdiseasethanpeoplewhosebloodpressuredropsHoltLunstadsaid.??ThestudywaspublishedintheMarch20?63?ofthejournalAnnalsofBehavioralMedicine.??Thestudyalsofoundthatunhappilymarriedadultshavehigherbloodpressurethan?64??happilymarriedandsingleadults.??Holt-Lunstadnotedthatmarriedcouplescanencouragehealthyhabitsinone?65?suchaseatingahealthydietandhavingregulardoctorvisits.Peopleinhappymarriagesalsohaveasourceofemotionalsupportshesaid.
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