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水仙 (清)李渔 水仙一花，予之命也。予有四命，各司一时：春以水仙兰花为命；夏以莲为命；秋以秋海棠为命；冬以腊梅为命。无此四花，是无命也。一季夺予一花，是夺予一季之命也。水仙以秣陵①。为最，予之...
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三 TheErieCanalwasthefirstimportantnationalwaterwaybuiltintheUS.ItcrossedNewYorkfromBuffaloonLakeErieTroytoAlbanyontheHudsonRiver.ItjoinedtheGreatLakeswiththeAtlanticOcean.Thecanalservedasarouteoverwhichindustrialgoodscouldflowintothewestandmaterialscouldpourintotheeast.TheErieCanalhelpedNewYorkdevelopintothenation’slargestcity. ThebuildingofthecanalwaspaidforentirelybythestateofNewYork.Itcost$7143789butitsoongaineditspricemanytimesover.Between1825whenthecanalwasopenedand1882whentollchargeswerestoppedthestatecollected$121461891. ForahundredyearsbeforetheEriewasbuiltpeoplehadbeentalkingaboutacanalwhichcouldjointheGreatLakesandtheAtlanticOcean.ThemanwhoplannedtheErieCanalandcarriedtheplanthroughwasDeWittClinton.Thosewhowereagainstthecanallaughinglycalledit"Clinton’sDitch".Clintontalkedandwroteaboutthecanalanddrewupplansforit.HeandGovernorMorriswenttoWashingtonin1812toaskforhelpforthecanalbuttheywereunsuccessful. ClintonbecamegovernorofNewYorkin1817andshortlyafterwardsonJuly41817brokegroundforthecanalinRomeN.Y.Thefirstpartofthecanalwascompletedin1820.Asthecanalgrewtownsalongitscoursedevelopedfast.Thelengthofthecanalis363miles. Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage
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说明假定你们昨天到附近一个村庄帮助农民收割庄稼请用英语写一篇短文叙述这次支农劳动内容要点如下1虽遭水灾丰收仍然在望2村庄离校有半小时路程一早出发到达便参加劳动3农民教你们割稻捆稻4午餐在田间饭后稍作休息5农村景色优美令人陶醉6天黑归来人累了但心情愉快注意1要有标题2记叙须包括所有内容要点但不要逐条译成英语3字数80～120
下列文学常识的表述不正确的一项是
AreyouamanoramouseWhenpeopleaskthisquestiontheywanttoknow1youthinkyouarea2personoracoward.Butyouwillneverreallyknowtheanswertothisquestion3youaretestedinreallife.Somepeople4theyarebravebutwhentheycomefacetofacewithreal5theyactlikecowards.Othersthinkofthemselvesascowardsbutwhentheymeetdangertheyactlike6.Lennyhadalwaysthoughtofhimselfasa7person.Hegotworriedbeforeexaminations.Heworriedabouthisjobandhealth.Allhewantedinlifewastobesafeandhealthy.8onJanuary15th2002aplanecrashedintothePotomacRiverinWashington.LennywenttotherivertoSeewhatwashappening.Hesawawomaninthe9water.Lennydidnotfeelafraid.Hekeptvery10anddidaverydangerousthing.HejumpedintothePotomac11tothewomanandkeptherhead12thewater.Seventy-eightpeoplediedthatday.ThankstoLennyitwasnot13.Whenyouareinavery14situationandfeelafraidthebodyautomaticallyproducesachemicalintheblood.Thechemicaliscalledadrenalin.15adrenalininthebloodsystemyouactuallyfeelstrongerandstrongerandare16tofightorrunaway.Howeverwhenyouareabsolutelyterrifiedthebodycanproducetoomuchadrenalin.Wherethis17themusclesbecomeveryhardandyoufindyou18moveatall.Youarethenparalyzedwithfear.Thisis19whenweareveryfrightenedwesometimessaywe’re"petrified".ThiswordcomesfromtheGreekword"petros"whichmeans"stone".Weare20frightenedthatwebecomestonelike. 第4空应选择
AreyouamanoramouseWhenpeopleaskthisquestiontheywanttoknow1youthinkyouarea2personoracoward.Butyouwillneverreallyknowtheanswertothisquestion3youaretestedinreallife.Somepeople4theyarebravebutwhentheycomefacetofacewithreal5theyactlikecowards.Othersthinkofthemselvesascowardsbutwhentheymeetdangertheyactlike6.Lennyhadalwaysthoughtofhimselfasa7person.Hegotworriedbeforeexaminations.Heworriedabouthisjobandhealth.Allhewantedinlifewastobesafeandhealthy.8onJanuary15th2002aplanecrashedintothePotomacRiverinWashington.LennywenttotherivertoSeewhatwashappening.Hesawawomaninthe9water.Lennydidnotfeelafraid.Hekeptvery10anddidaverydangerousthing.HejumpedintothePotomac11tothewomanandkeptherhead12thewater.Seventy-eightpeoplediedthatday.ThankstoLennyitwasnot13.Whenyouareinavery14situationandfeelafraidthebodyautomaticallyproducesachemicalintheblood.Thechemicaliscalledadrenalin.15adrenalininthebloodsystemyouactuallyfeelstrongerandstrongerandare16tofightorrunaway.Howeverwhenyouareabsolutelyterrifiedthebodycanproducetoomuchadrenalin.Wherethis17themusclesbecomeveryhardandyoufindyou18moveatall.Youarethenparalyzedwithfear.Thisis19whenweareveryfrightenedwesometimessaywe’re"petrified".ThiswordcomesfromtheGreekword"petros"whichmeans"stone".Weare20frightenedthatwebecomestonelike. 第20空应选择
AreyouamanoramouseWhenpeopleaskthisquestiontheywanttoknow1youthinkyouarea2personoracoward.Butyouwillneverreallyknowtheanswertothisquestion3youaretestedinreallife.Somepeople4theyarebravebutwhentheycomefacetofacewithreal5theyactlikecowards.Othersthinkofthemselvesascowardsbutwhentheymeetdangertheyactlike6.Lennyhadalwaysthoughtofhimselfasa7person.Hegotworriedbeforeexaminations.Heworriedabouthisjobandhealth.Allhewantedinlifewastobesafeandhealthy.8onJanuary15th2002aplanecrashedintothePotomacRiverinWashington.LennywenttotherivertoSeewhatwashappening.Hesawawomaninthe9water.Lennydidnotfeelafraid.Hekeptvery10anddidaverydangerousthing.HejumpedintothePotomac11tothewomanandkeptherhead12thewater.Seventy-eightpeoplediedthatday.ThankstoLennyitwasnot13.Whenyouareinavery14situationandfeelafraidthebodyautomaticallyproducesachemicalintheblood.Thechemicaliscalledadrenalin.15adrenalininthebloodsystemyouactuallyfeelstrongerandstrongerandare16tofightorrunaway.Howeverwhenyouareabsolutelyterrifiedthebodycanproducetoomuchadrenalin.Wherethis17themusclesbecomeveryhardandyoufindyou18moveatall.Youarethenparalyzedwithfear.Thisis19whenweareveryfrightenedwesometimessaywe’re"petrified".ThiswordcomesfromtheGreekword"petros"whichmeans"stone".Weare20frightenedthatwebecomestonelike. 第12空应选择
AreyouamanoramouseWhenpeopleaskthisquestiontheywanttoknow1youthinkyouarea2personoracoward.Butyouwillneverreallyknowtheanswertothisquestion3youaretestedinreallife.Somepeople4theyarebravebutwhentheycomefacetofacewithreal5theyactlikecowards.Othersthinkofthemselvesascowardsbutwhentheymeetdangertheyactlike6.Lennyhadalwaysthoughtofhimselfasa7person.Hegotworriedbeforeexaminations.Heworriedabouthisjobandhealth.Allhewantedinlifewastobesafeandhealthy.8onJanuary15th2002aplanecrashedintothePotomacRiverinWashington.LennywenttotherivertoSeewhatwashappening.Hesawawomaninthe9water.Lennydidnotfeelafraid.Hekeptvery10anddidaverydangerousthing.HejumpedintothePotomac11tothewomanandkeptherhead12thewater.Seventy-eightpeoplediedthatday.ThankstoLennyitwasnot13.Whenyouareinavery14situationandfeelafraidthebodyautomaticallyproducesachemicalintheblood.Thechemicaliscalledadrenalin.15adrenalininthebloodsystemyouactuallyfeelstrongerandstrongerandare16tofightorrunaway.Howeverwhenyouareabsolutelyterrifiedthebodycanproducetoomuchadrenalin.Wherethis17themusclesbecomeveryhardandyoufindyou18moveatall.Youarethenparalyzedwithfear.Thisis19whenweareveryfrightenedwesometimessaywe’re"petrified".ThiswordcomesfromtheGreekword"petros"whichmeans"stone".Weare20frightenedthatwebecomestonelike. 第6空应选择
AreyouamanoramouseWhenpeopleaskthisquestiontheywanttoknow1youthinkyouarea2personoracoward.Butyouwillneverreallyknowtheanswertothisquestion3youaretestedinreallife.Somepeople4theyarebravebutwhentheycomefacetofacewithreal5theyactlikecowards.Othersthinkofthemselvesascowardsbutwhentheymeetdangertheyactlike6.Lennyhadalwaysthoughtofhimselfasa7person.Hegotworriedbeforeexaminations.Heworriedabouthisjobandhealth.Allhewantedinlifewastobesafeandhealthy.8onJanuary15th2002aplanecrashedintothePotomacRiverinWashington.LennywenttotherivertoSeewhatwashappening.Hesawawomaninthe9water.Lennydidnotfeelafraid.Hekeptvery10anddidaverydangerousthing.HejumpedintothePotomac11tothewomanandkeptherhead12thewater.Seventy-eightpeoplediedthatday.ThankstoLennyitwasnot13.Whenyouareinavery14situationandfeelafraidthebodyautomaticallyproducesachemicalintheblood.Thechemicaliscalledadrenalin.15adrenalininthebloodsystemyouactuallyfeelstrongerandstrongerandare16tofightorrunaway.Howeverwhenyouareabsolutelyterrifiedthebodycanproducetoomuchadrenalin.Wherethis17themusclesbecomeveryhardandyoufindyou18moveatall.Youarethenparalyzedwithfear.Thisis19whenweareveryfrightenedwesometimessaywe’re"petrified".ThiswordcomesfromtheGreekword"petros"whichmeans"stone".Weare20frightenedthatwebecomestonelike. 第10空应选择
五 Solongasteachersfailtodistinguishdifferbetweenteachingandlearningtheywillcontinuetoundertaketodoforchildrenthatwhichonlychildrencandoforthemselves.Teachingchildrentoreadisnotpassingreadingontothem.Itiscertainlynotendlesshoursspentinactivitiesaboutreading.Douglasinsiststhat"readingcannotbetaughtdirectlyandschoolsshouldstoptryingtodotheimpossible". Teachingandlearningaretwoentirelydifferentprocesses.Theydifferinkindandfunction.Thefunctionofteachingistocreatetheconditionsandtheclimatethatwillmakeitpossibleforchildrentoplancleverlythemostefficientsystemforteachingthemselvestoread.Teachingisalsoapublicactivity.Itcanbeseenandobserved. Learningtoreadinvolvesallthateachindividualdoestounderstandtheworldofprintedlanguage.Almostallofitisprivateforlearningisanoccupationofthemindandthatprocessisnotopentopublicscrutiny. IfteacherandlearnerrolesarenotinterchangeablewhatthencanbedonethroughteachingthatwillaidthechildinthelongsearchforknowledgeSmithhasoneprincipleruleforallteachinginstructions."Makelearningtoreadeasywhichmeansmakingreadingameaningfulenjoyableandfrequentexperienceforchildren." Whentherolesofteacherandlearnerareseenforwhattheyareandwhenbothteacherandlearnerfulfillthemproperlythenmuchofthepressureandfeelingoffailureforbothisgotridof.Learningtoreadismadeeasierwhenteacherscreateanenvironmentwherechildrenaregiventhechancetosolvetheproblemoflearningtoreadbylearning. Theteachingofreadingwillbesuccessfulif.
下列标点符号使用有误的一项是
一 OnMay291973ThomasBradleyablackmanwaselectedmayorofLosAngeles.LosAngelesisthethirdlargestcityintheUnitedStateswithapopulationofthreemillion.Aboutsixteenpercentofthecity’spopulationareblack. NewsofthiselectionappearedonthefrontpagesofnewspaperseverywhereintheUnitedStates.Hereishowonemajornewspaperreportedtheevent. LOSANGELESELECTSBRADLEYMAYORUNSEATINGYORTYBLACKWINS56OFVOTES BradleycalledhisvictoryoverYorty"thefulfillmentofadream".Duringhischildhoodandyouthpeoplehadkepttellinghim"Youcan’tdothisyoucan’tgotherebecauseyouareaNegro."Neverthelesshehadwonadecisivevictoryoveramanwhohadbeenwon43.7percent. LosAngelesvotershavehadmanyopportunitiestojudge.ThomasBradleyhadtoformanopinionofhim.ThesonofapoorfarmerTexashejoinedtheLosAngelespoliceforcein1940.Duringhistwenty-oneyearsonthepoliceforceheearnedalawdegreebyattendingschoolatnight.Hewaselectedtothecitycounciltenyearsago. AtthetimeoftheLosAngeleselectionthreeotherAmericancitiesalreadyhadblackmayorsbutnoneofthosecitieshadaslargeapopulationasLosAngeles.Besidesthepercentageofblacksinthoseothercitieswasmuchlarger.ClevelandOhiohadthirty-sixpercentblackwhenCarlStokeswaselectedmayorofClevelandin1967.InthesameyearRichardHatcherwaselectedmayorofCary.InNewarkNewJerseysixtypercentofthepopulationwereblackwhenKennethGibsonwaselectedin1970.Thuselectionofablackmayorinthosecitieswasnotverysurprising. InLosAngelesthousandsofwhitecitizensvotedforThomasBradleybecausetheybelievedhewouldbeabettermayorthanthewhitecandidate.Bradleyhadspentforty-eightofhisfifty-fiveyearsinLosAngeles.FouryearsagoBradleylostmayoralelectiontoYorty.ThistimeBradleywon. Fromthepassagewecaninferthatpeople.
AreyouamanoramouseWhenpeopleaskthisquestiontheywanttoknow1youthinkyouarea2personoracoward.Butyouwillneverreallyknowtheanswertothisquestion3youaretestedinreallife.Somepeople4theyarebravebutwhentheycomefacetofacewithreal5theyactlikecowards.Othersthinkofthemselvesascowardsbutwhentheymeetdangertheyactlike6.Lennyhadalwaysthoughtofhimselfasa7person.Hegotworriedbeforeexaminations.Heworriedabouthisjobandhealth.Allhewantedinlifewastobesafeandhealthy.8onJanuary15th2002aplanecrashedintothePotomacRiverinWashington.LennywenttotherivertoSeewhatwashappening.Hesawawomaninthe9water.Lennydidnotfeelafraid.Hekeptvery10anddidaverydangerousthing.HejumpedintothePotomac11tothewomanandkeptherhead12thewater.Seventy-eightpeoplediedthatday.ThankstoLennyitwasnot13.Whenyouareinavery14situationandfeelafraidthebodyautomaticallyproducesachemicalintheblood.Thechemicaliscalledadrenalin.15adrenalininthebloodsystemyouactuallyfeelstrongerandstrongerandare16tofightorrunaway.Howeverwhenyouareabsolutelyterrifiedthebodycanproducetoomuchadrenalin.Wherethis17themusclesbecomeveryhardandyoufindyou18moveatall.Youarethenparalyzedwithfear.Thisis19whenweareveryfrightenedwesometimessaywe’re"petrified".ThiswordcomesfromtheGreekword"petros"whichmeans"stone".Weare20frightenedthatwebecomestonelike. 第14空应选择
一 OnMay291973ThomasBradleyablackmanwaselectedmayorofLosAngeles.LosAngelesisthethirdlargestcityintheUnitedStateswithapopulationofthreemillion.Aboutsixteenpercentofthecity’spopulationareblack. NewsofthiselectionappearedonthefrontpagesofnewspaperseverywhereintheUnitedStates.Hereishowonemajornewspaperreportedtheevent. LOSANGELESELECTSBRADLEYMAYORUNSEATINGYORTYBLACKWINS56OFVOTES BradleycalledhisvictoryoverYorty"thefulfillmentofadream".Duringhischildhoodandyouthpeoplehadkepttellinghim"Youcan’tdothisyoucan’tgotherebecauseyouareaNegro."Neverthelesshehadwonadecisivevictoryoveramanwhohadbeenwon43.7percent. LosAngelesvotershavehadmanyopportunitiestojudge.ThomasBradleyhadtoformanopinionofhim.ThesonofapoorfarmerTexashejoinedtheLosAngelespoliceforcein1940.Duringhistwenty-oneyearsonthepoliceforceheearnedalawdegreebyattendingschoolatnight.Hewaselectedtothecitycounciltenyearsago. AtthetimeoftheLosAngeleselectionthreeotherAmericancitiesalreadyhadblackmayorsbutnoneofthosecitieshadaslargeapopulationasLosAngeles.Besidesthepercentageofblacksinthoseothercitieswasmuchlarger.ClevelandOhiohadthirty-sixpercentblackwhenCarlStokeswaselectedmayorofClevelandin1967.InthesameyearRichardHatcherwaselectedmayorofCary.InNewarkNewJerseysixtypercentofthepopulationwereblackwhenKennethGibsonwaselectedin1970.Thuselectionofablackmayorinthosecitieswasnotverysurprising. InLosAngelesthousandsofwhitecitizensvotedforThomasBradleybecausetheybelievedhewouldbeabettermayorthanthewhitecandidate.Bradleyhadspentforty-eightofhisfifty-fiveyearsinLosAngeles.FouryearsagoBradleylostmayoralelectiontoYorty.ThistimeBradleywon. FromBradley’svictoryintheelectionwecanseethat.
我的母亲说我们将在北逗留两个星期
AreyouamanoramouseWhenpeopleaskthisquestiontheywanttoknow1youthinkyouarea2personoracoward.Butyouwillneverreallyknowtheanswertothisquestion3youaretestedinreallife.Somepeople4theyarebravebutwhentheycomefacetofacewithreal5theyactlikecowards.Othersthinkofthemselvesascowardsbutwhentheymeetdangertheyactlike6.Lennyhadalwaysthoughtofhimselfasa7person.Hegotworriedbeforeexaminations.Heworriedabouthisjobandhealth.Allhewantedinlifewastobesafeandhealthy.8onJanuary15th2002aplanecrashedintothePotomacRiverinWashington.LennywenttotherivertoSeewhatwashappening.Hesawawomaninthe9water.Lennydidnotfeelafraid.Hekeptvery10anddidaverydangerousthing.HejumpedintothePotomac11tothewomanandkeptherhead12thewater.Seventy-eightpeoplediedthatday.ThankstoLennyitwasnot13.Whenyouareinavery14situationandfeelafraidthebodyautomaticallyproducesachemicalintheblood.Thechemicaliscalledadrenalin.15adrenalininthebloodsystemyouactuallyfeelstrongerandstrongerandare16tofightorrunaway.Howeverwhenyouareabsolutelyterrifiedthebodycanproducetoomuchadrenalin.Wherethis17themusclesbecomeveryhardandyoufindyou18moveatall.Youarethenparalyzedwithfear.Thisis19whenweareveryfrightenedwesometimessaywe’re"petrified".ThiswordcomesfromtheGreekword"petros"whichmeans"stone".Weare20frightenedthatwebecomestonelike. 第8空应选择
她轻轻地哼起了摇篮曲月儿明风儿静句中的省略号表示引文的省略
二 Artificialflowersareusedforscientificaswellasfordecorativepurposes.Theyaremadefromavarietyofmaterialssuchaswaxandglasssoskillfullythattheycanscarcelybedistinguishedfromnaturalflowers.Inmakingsuchmodelspainstakingandartistryarecalledforaswellasthoroughknowledgeofplantstructure.ThecollectionofglassflowersintheBotanicalMuseumofHarvardUniversityisthemostfamousinNorthAmericaandiswidelyknownthroughoutthescientificworld.Inallthereareseveralthousandmodelsincoloredglasstheworkoftwoartist-naturalistsLeopoldBlaschkaandhissonRudolph. TheintentionwastohavethecollectionrepresentatleastonememberofeachflowerfamilynativetotheUnitedStates.Althoughitwasnevercompleted.Itcontainsmorethansevenhundredspeciesrepresenting164familiesoffloweringplantsagroupoffruitsshowingtheeffectoffungusdiseasesandthousandsofflowerpartsandmagnifieddetails.Everydetailoftheseisaccuratelyreproducedincolorandstructure.Themodelsarekeptinlockedcasesastheyaretoovaluableandfragileforclassroomuse. Theunderlinedworditrefersto.
阅读下面的科技文完成后面的问题 指纹的特性和用途 人的皮肤由表皮真皮和皮下组织三部分组成指纹就是表皮上突起的纹线由于人的遗传特性虽然指纹人人皆有但各不相同伸出你的手仔细观察就可以发现小小的指纹也分好几种类型有同心圆或螺旋纹线看上去像水中漩涡的叫斗形纹有的纹线是一边开口的就像簸箕似的叫箕形纹有的纹形像弓一样叫弓线纹各人的指纹除形状不同之外纹形的多少长短也不同据说全世界五十多亿人中还没有发现两个指纹完全相同的人呢更有趣的是指纹在胎儿第三四个月便开始产生到六个月左右就形成了当婴儿长大成人指纹也只不过放大增粗它的形状特征却固定不变 你可别小看指纹它的用途可大啦!指纹由皮肤上许多小颗粒排列组成这些小颗粒感觉非常敏锐只要用手触摸物体它就会立即把感觉到的冷热软硬等各种“情报”通报给大脑这个司令部然后大脑根据这些“情报”发号施令指挥动作指纹还具有增强皮肤摩擦的作用使手指能紧紧地握住东西不易滑掉我们平时画图写字拿工具做手工之所以能够那么得心应手运用自如这里面就有指纹的功劳 正因为指纹的这些特征它很早就引起人们的兴趣在古代人们把指纹当做“图章”印在公文上 据说在一百多年前警察就开始利用指纹破案 A现在随着科学技术的发展 B指纹在医学上又有了新的用途有的医生发现通过检查人的指纹掌纹能够查出某些疾病 C近年来指纹又和电子计算机成了好朋友 D小小的指纹将来究竟还会有哪些新的用途新的迷宫又摆在我们面前等待着我们去探索去寻求 文中两处用了据说一词能否去掉为什么
四 Largecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.Thesameproblemonasmallerscalefacespracticallyeverycompanytryingtodevelopnewproductsandcreatenewjobs.Therecanbelittlehopeofraisingthemoneyneededfromfriendsandpeopleweknowandwhilebanksmayagreetoprovideshort-termfinancetheyaregenerallyunwillingtoprovidemoneyforlong-termprojects.Socompaniesturntothepublic’invitingpeopletolendthemmoneyortakeashareinthebusinessinexchangeforashareinfutureinterests.ThistheydobyissuingstocksandsharesinthebusinessthroughtheStockExchange.Bydoingsotheycanputintocirculationthesavingsofsinglepersonsandinstitutionsbothathomeandabroad. Whenthesaverneedshismoneybackhedoesnothavetogotothecompanywithwhomheoriginallyplacedit.InsteadhesellshissharesthroughastockbrokertosomeotherSaverwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoney. Manyoftheservicesneededbothbyindustryandbyeachofusareprovidedbythegovernmentorbylocalorganizations.Withouthospitalsroadselectricitytelephonesandrailwaysthiscountrycouldnotwork.Alltheserequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperlyrequiringmoremoneythan’itisraisedthroughtaxesalone.Thegovernmentlocalorganizationsandnationalizedindustriesthereforefrequentlyneedtoborrowmoneytofinance:majorcapitalspendingandtheytoocometotheStockExchange. Thereishardlyamanorwomaninthiscountrywhosestandardoflivingdoesnotdependontheabilityofhisorheremployerstoraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopment.Inonewayoranotherhisnewmoneymustcomefromthesavingsofthecountry;TheStockExchangeexiststoprovideachannelthroughwhichthesesavingscanreachthosewhoneedfinance. Theunderlinedwordinvestprobablymeans.
四 Largecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.Thesameproblemonasmallerscalefacespracticallyeverycompanytryingtodevelopnewproductsandcreatenewjobs.Therecanbelittlehopeofraisingthemoneyneededfromfriendsandpeopleweknowandwhilebanksmayagreetoprovideshort-termfinancetheyaregenerallyunwillingtoprovidemoneyforlong-termprojects.Socompaniesturntothepublic’invitingpeopletolendthemmoneyortakeashareinthebusinessinexchangeforashareinfutureinterests.ThistheydobyissuingstocksandsharesinthebusinessthroughtheStockExchange.Bydoingsotheycanputintocirculationthesavingsofsinglepersonsandinstitutionsbothathomeandabroad. Whenthesaverneedshismoneybackhedoesnothavetogotothecompanywithwhomheoriginallyplacedit.InsteadhesellshissharesthroughastockbrokertosomeotherSaverwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoney. Manyoftheservicesneededbothbyindustryandbyeachofusareprovidedbythegovernmentorbylocalorganizations.Withouthospitalsroadselectricitytelephonesandrailwaysthiscountrycouldnotwork.Alltheserequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperlyrequiringmoremoneythan’itisraisedthroughtaxesalone.Thegovernmentlocalorganizationsandnationalizedindustriesthereforefrequentlyneedtoborrowmoneytofinance:majorcapitalspendingandtheytoocometotheStockExchange. Thereishardlyamanorwomaninthiscountrywhosestandardoflivingdoesnotdependontheabilityofhisorheremployerstoraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopment.Inonewayoranotherhisnewmoneymustcomefromthesavingsofthecountry;TheStockExchangeexiststoprovideachannelthroughwhichthesesavingscanreachthosewhoneedfinance. Allthebasicservicesonwhichwedependare.
阅读下面的科技文完成后面的问题 指纹的特性和用途 人的皮肤由表皮真皮和皮下组织三部分组成指纹就是表皮上突起的纹线由于人的遗传特性虽然指纹人人皆有但各不相同伸出你的手仔细观察就可以发现小小的指纹也分好几种类型有同心圆或螺旋纹线看上去像水中漩涡的叫斗形纹有的纹线是一边开口的就像簸箕似的叫箕形纹有的纹形像弓一样叫弓线纹各人的指纹除形状不同之外纹形的多少长短也不同据说全世界五十多亿人中还没有发现两个指纹完全相同的人呢更有趣的是指纹在胎儿第三四个月便开始产生到六个月左右就形成了当婴儿长大成人指纹也只不过放大增粗它的形状特征却固定不变 你可别小看指纹它的用途可大啦!指纹由皮肤上许多小颗粒排列组成这些小颗粒感觉非常敏锐只要用手触摸物体它就会立即把感觉到的冷热软硬等各种“情报”通报给大脑这个司令部然后大脑根据这些“情报”发号施令指挥动作指纹还具有增强皮肤摩擦的作用使手指能紧紧地握住东西不易滑掉我们平时画图写字拿工具做手工之所以能够那么得心应手运用自如这里面就有指纹的功劳 正因为指纹的这些特征它很早就引起人们的兴趣在古代人们把指纹当做“图章”印在公文上 据说在一百多年前警察就开始利用指纹破案 A现在随着科学技术的发展 B指纹在医学上又有了新的用途有的医生发现通过检查人的指纹掌纹能够查出某些疾病 C近年来指纹又和电子计算机成了好朋友 D小小的指纹将来究竟还会有哪些新的用途新的迷宫又摆在我们面前等待着我们去探索去寻求 简要概括本文说明的中心意思不超过10个字答本文说明了
二 Artificialflowersareusedforscientificaswellasfordecorativepurposes.Theyaremadefromavarietyofmaterialssuchaswaxandglasssoskillfullythattheycanscarcelybedistinguishedfromnaturalflowers.Inmakingsuchmodelspainstakingandartistryarecalledforaswellasthoroughknowledgeofplantstructure.ThecollectionofglassflowersintheBotanicalMuseumofHarvardUniversityisthemostfamousinNorthAmericaandiswidelyknownthroughoutthescientificworld.Inallthereareseveralthousandmodelsincoloredglasstheworkoftwoartist-naturalistsLeopoldBlaschkaandhissonRudolph. TheintentionwastohavethecollectionrepresentatleastonememberofeachflowerfamilynativetotheUnitedStates.Althoughitwasnevercompleted.Itcontainsmorethansevenhundredspeciesrepresenting164familiesoffloweringplantsagroupoffruitsshowingtheeffectoffungusdiseasesandthousandsofflowerpartsandmagnifieddetails.Everydetailoftheseisaccuratelyreproducedincolorandstructure.Themodelsarekeptinlockedcasesastheyaretoovaluableandfragileforclassroomuse. WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheflowersatHarvardUniversity
三 TheErieCanalwasthefirstimportantnationalwaterwaybuiltintheUS.ItcrossedNewYorkfromBuffaloonLakeErieTroytoAlbanyontheHudsonRiver.ItjoinedtheGreatLakeswiththeAtlanticOcean.Thecanalservedasarouteoverwhichindustrialgoodscouldflowintothewestandmaterialscouldpourintotheeast.TheErieCanalhelpedNewYorkdevelopintothenation’slargestcity. ThebuildingofthecanalwaspaidforentirelybythestateofNewYork.Itcost$7143789butitsoongaineditspricemanytimesover.Between1825whenthecanalwasopenedand1882whentollchargeswerestoppedthestatecollected$121461891. ForahundredyearsbeforetheEriewasbuiltpeoplehadbeentalkingaboutacanalwhichcouldjointheGreatLakesandtheAtlanticOcean.ThemanwhoplannedtheErieCanalandcarriedtheplanthroughwasDeWittClinton.Thosewhowereagainstthecanallaughinglycalledit"Clinton’sDitch".Clintontalkedandwroteaboutthecanalanddrewupplansforit.HeandGovernorMorriswenttoWashingtonin1812toaskforhelpforthecanalbuttheywereunsuccessful. ClintonbecamegovernorofNewYorkin1817andshortlyafterwardsonJuly41817brokegroundforthecanalinRomeN.Y.Thefirstpartofthecanalwascompletedin1820.Asthecanalgrewtownsalongitscoursedevelopedfast.Thelengthofthecanalis363miles. ItcanbeinferredthatintotheAtlanticOcean.
AreyouamanoramouseWhenpeopleaskthisquestiontheywanttoknow1youthinkyouarea2personoracoward.Butyouwillneverreallyknowtheanswertothisquestion3youaretestedinreallife.Somepeople4theyarebravebutwhentheycomefacetofacewithreal5theyactlikecowards.Othersthinkofthemselvesascowardsbutwhentheymeetdangertheyactlike6.Lennyhadalwaysthoughtofhimselfasa7person.Hegotworriedbeforeexaminations.Heworriedabouthisjobandhealth.Allhewantedinlifewastobesafeandhealthy.8onJanuary15th2002aplanecrashedintothePotomacRiverinWashington.LennywenttotherivertoSeewhatwashappening.Hesawawomaninthe9water.Lennydidnotfeelafraid.Hekeptvery10anddidaverydangerousthing.HejumpedintothePotomac11tothewomanandkeptherhead12thewater.Seventy-eightpeoplediedthatday.ThankstoLennyitwasnot13.Whenyouareinavery14situationandfeelafraidthebodyautomaticallyproducesachemicalintheblood.Thechemicaliscalledadrenalin.15adrenalininthebloodsystemyouactuallyfeelstrongerandstrongerandare16tofightorrunaway.Howeverwhenyouareabsolutelyterrifiedthebodycanproducetoomuchadrenalin.Wherethis17themusclesbecomeveryhardandyoufindyou18moveatall.Youarethenparalyzedwithfear.Thisis19whenweareveryfrightenedwesometimessaywe’re"petrified".ThiswordcomesfromtheGreekword"petros"whichmeans"stone".Weare20frightenedthatwebecomestonelike. 第18空应选择
阅读下文然后完成问题有一缕阳光叫感动于兆文①小区里常见一对相濡以沫的老人或相互搀扶着慢慢向前走着或一前一后老太太在前用一根拐杖牵着后面的老头两位老人总是那么有说有笑幸福而又安详地从我面前走过两位相依相携的老人成了小区最美丽的一道风景②老头是一个瞎子听说在一次矿难中被人从矿井里救出时眼睛没遮挡被强烈的阳光刺瞎了矿上也没赔上几个钱辗转来到我们这里就买了底楼的两间车库一间住人另一间堆放废品靠收废品为生③开始时老人们总是隔三四天趁着晌午上门去各家收些废品收废品的那天他俩旱早吃了午饭轻敲着各家的门许多人当初还以为他俩是要饭的没几个有好脸色后来知道了原委许多人家一有废品就主动送上门等废品积到了一定数量废品站就派小货车专门来拖货④坐家收废的两位老人十分知足为了回报小区住户他俩还和小区保安一起每天戴着红袖章转悠在小区各楼道里防着小偷小摸的事发生尽管老头是个瞎子但义务巡逻的时候总爱戴着一副墨镜俩人面前挂着个哨子这阵势也挺雷人的有两次小偷刚准备作案老头就急促地吹响了哨子穿透力极强小区保安一听到信号迅速赶到将小偷拿下⑤有几次晨练我都见到两位老人坐在花园里的石凳上老太太拿着一份报纸一字一句地读给老头听老头一旁端坐着似在倾听花开的声音又像在倾听整个世界神态是那么安详专注⑥我家订了几份报纸一看完便叠好送给两位老人那时候老头的脸上像是绽开了花一个劲地言谢老太太告诉我他俩都读过书但膝下无儿无女老头原来就爱看报报纸成了他的儿子每天都让她找报纸读给他听⑦见我常年免费送报纸他们竟买了一箱牛奶说是给我女儿的我坚决不收他们就差下跪求我了没办法只好收下两位老人平时从不贪人便宜收废品也从不少给人一分钱跟大伙儿相处十分融洽有一次邻居们提出帮他们办一份低保当即被他们谢绝说大伙儿给予他们的已经够多了不能再给大家添麻烦现在的日子他们很满足⑧那天早上下大雨我突然想起两位老人怕他们摔倒在哪儿没人知道来到小区广场上读完了报老太太撑起雨伞扶着老头依然有说有笑地往家走去⑨那一刻望着风雨中相依相携的两位老人我似乎感到阳光早已从天而降穿透风雨穿透尘世无数守望的灵魂这世界的雨兀自下着可老人们的心头却燃着阳光这阳光里有温暖有珍爱有牵手有希翼还有一缕穿过我的记忆叫感动选自散文选刊2011年第3期有改动文章中没有多少直接赞扬一对老人的语段但从字里行间可以看出这是一对品质优秀的老人请你结合下列两句话中画线的词语对这对老人作出评价1收废品的那天他俩早早吃了午饭轻敲着各家的门2有两次小偷刚准备作案老头就急促地吹响了哨子穿透力极强小区保安一听到信号迅速赶到将小偷拿下
AreyouamanoramouseWhenpeopleaskthisquestiontheywanttoknow1youthinkyouarea2personoracoward.Butyouwillneverreallyknowtheanswertothisquestion3youaretestedinreallife.Somepeople4theyarebravebutwhentheycomefacetofacewithreal5theyactlikecowards.Othersthinkofthemselvesascowardsbutwhentheymeetdangertheyactlike6.Lennyhadalwaysthoughtofhimselfasa7person.Hegotworriedbeforeexaminations.Heworriedabouthisjobandhealth.Allhewantedinlifewastobesafeandhealthy.8onJanuary15th2002aplanecrashedintothePotomacRiverinWashington.LennywenttotherivertoSeewhatwashappening.Hesawawomaninthe9water.Lennydidnotfeelafraid.Hekeptvery10anddidaverydangerousthing.HejumpedintothePotomac11tothewomanandkeptherhead12thewater.Seventy-eightpeoplediedthatday.ThankstoLennyitwasnot13.Whenyouareinavery14situationandfeelafraidthebodyautomaticallyproducesachemicalintheblood.Thechemicaliscalledadrenalin.15adrenalininthebloodsystemyouactuallyfeelstrongerandstrongerandare16tofightorrunaway.Howeverwhenyouareabsolutelyterrifiedthebodycanproducetoomuchadrenalin.Wherethis17themusclesbecomeveryhardandyoufindyou18moveatall.Youarethenparalyzedwithfear.Thisis19whenweareveryfrightenedwesometimessaywe’re"petrified".ThiswordcomesfromtheGreekword"petros"whichmeans"stone".Weare20frightenedthatwebecomestonelike. 第16空应选择
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