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第二篇 New U．S．Plan for Disease Prevention Urging Americans to take responsibility fo...
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RiseinNumberofCancerSurvivors CanceristhesecondleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStatesafterheartdisease.Inthe51itwasoftenconsideredadeathsentence.Butmanypatientsnowlivelonger52ofimprovementsindiscoveryandtreatment. Researcherssaydeath53intheUnitedStatesfromallcancerscombinedhavefallenforthirtyyears.Survivalrateshaveincreasedformostofthetopfifteencancersinbothmenandwomenandforcancersin54. TheNationalCancerInstituteandtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionstudiedthenumberofcancersurvivors.Acancersurvivorisdefined55anyonewhohasbeenfoundtohavecancer.Thiswouldincludecurrentpatients. Thestudycoveredtheperiod561971to2001.Theresearchersfoundtherearethree57asmanycancersurvivorstodayastherewerethirtyyearsago.In1971theUnitedStateshadaboutthree-millioncancer58.Todaythereareaboutten-million. Thestudyalsofoundthat64%ofadultswithcancercanexpecttostillbe59infiveyears.Thirtyyearsagothefive-yearsurvivalratewas50%.Thegovernmentwantsto60thefive-yearsurvivalrateto70%by2010. Theriskofcancerincreaseswithage.Thereportsaysthemajorityofsurvivorsare65yearsand61. Butitsaysmedicalimprovementshavealsohelpedchildrenwithcancerlive62longer.Researcherssay80%ofchildrenwithcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyearsafterthediscovery.About75%willsurviveat63tenyears. Inthe1970sthefive-yearsurvivalrateforchildrenwasabout50%.Inthe1960smostchildrendidnotsurvivecancer.Researcherssaythey64moreimprovementsincancertreatmentinthefuture.Infacttheysaytraditionalcancer-preventionprogramsarenotenoughanymore.Theysaypublichealthprogramsshouldalsoaimtosupportthe65numbersofcancersurvivorsandtheirfamilies.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 Nurse!IWantMyMummy?? Whenachildisillinhospitalaparent’sfirstreactionistobe {{U}}?51?{{/U}}them.???Mosthospitalsnowallow parentstosleep{{U}}?52?{{/U}}withtheirchildprovidingabedor sofaontheward.??Butuntilthe1970sthis{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}wasnotonlyfrownedupon不赞同--itwasactivelydiscouraged.Staff worriedthatthechildrenwouldbe{{U}}?54?{{/U}}whentheirparents leftandsotherewasablanket通用的ban.??Aconcernednurse PamelaHawthorndisagreedandherstudyNurseIwantmymummy!publishedin 1974{{U}}?55?{{/U}}thefaceofpaediatric儿科的nursing.? ?MartinJohnsonaprofessorofnursingattheUniversityofSalfordsaid thattheworkof{{U}}?56?{{/U}}likePamelahadchangedthefaceof patientcare.??Pamela’sstudywasdoneagainstthe {{U}}?57?{{/U}}ofalivelydebateinpaediatricsandpsychologyasto thedegreewomenshouldspendwithchildrenintheoutsideworldandthedegree towhichtheyshouldbeallowedtovisitchildrenin{{U}}?58?{{/U}}. ??Theideawasthatifmumcameto{{U}}?59?{{/U}}a smallchildinhospitalthechildwouldbeupsetandinconsolable无法安慰的for hours.???Yetthenursenoticedthatifmumdidnotcome at{{U}}?60?{{/U}}thechildstayedinarelativelystablestatebut theymightbedepressed.??Ofcourseweknownowthattheyhad almostgivenuphope{{U}}?61?{{/U}}mumwasevercomingback. ??Toavoidalittlebitofpaintheysaidthatnooneshould visit.??ButchildrenwerealoneanddepressedsoHawthorn saidparentsshouldbe{{U}}?62?{{/U}}tovisit.?? Dr.PeterCarterchiefexecutiveandgeneralsecretaryoftheRoyalCollegeof Nursingsaidher{{U}}?63?{{/U}}hadbeenseminal开创性的.? ?Herresearchputanendtothe{{U}}?64?{{/U}}whenparents handedtheirchildrenovertostrangersatthedoorofthehospitalward. ??Asaresultofherworkparentsarenowrecognizedas partnersincareandareaffordedtheopportunitytostaywiththeirchildren whiletheyareinhospital{{U}}?65?{{/U}}hasdramaticallyimproved bothparents’andchildren’sexperienceofcare.
RiseinNumberofCancerSurvivors CanceristhesecondleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStatesafterheartdisease.Inthe51itwasoftenconsideredadeathsentence.Butmanypatientsnowlivelonger52ofimprovementsindiscoveryandtreatment. Researcherssaydeath53intheUnitedStatesfromallcancerscombinedhavefallenforthirtyyears.Survivalrateshaveincreasedformostofthetopfifteencancersinbothmenandwomenandforcancersin54. TheNationalCancerInstituteandtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionstudiedthenumberofcancersurvivors.Acancersurvivorisdefined55anyonewhohasbeenfoundtohavecancer.Thiswouldincludecurrentpatients. Thestudycoveredtheperiod561971to2001.Theresearchersfoundtherearethree57asmanycancersurvivorstodayastherewerethirtyyearsago.In1971theUnitedStateshadaboutthree-millioncancer58.Todaythereareaboutten-million. Thestudyalsofoundthat64%ofadultswithcancercanexpecttostillbe59infiveyears.Thirtyyearsagothefive-yearsurvivalratewas50%.Thegovernmentwantsto60thefive-yearsurvivalrateto70%by2010. Theriskofcancerincreaseswithage.Thereportsaysthemajorityofsurvivorsare65yearsand61. Butitsaysmedicalimprovementshavealsohelpedchildrenwithcancerlive62longer.Researcherssay80%ofchildrenwithcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyearsafterthediscovery.About75%willsurviveat63tenyears. Inthe1970sthefive-yearsurvivalrateforchildrenwasabout50%.Inthe1960smostchildrendidnotsurvivecancer.Researcherssaythey64moreimprovementsincancertreatmentinthefuture.Infacttheysaytraditionalcancer-preventionprogramsarenotenoughanymore.Theysaypublichealthprogramsshouldalsoaimtosupportthe65numbersofcancersurvivorsandtheirfamilies.
RiseinNumberofCancerSurvivors CanceristhesecondleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStatesafterheartdisease.Inthe51itwasoftenconsideredadeathsentence.Butmanypatientsnowlivelonger52ofimprovementsindiscoveryandtreatment. Researcherssaydeath53intheUnitedStatesfromallcancerscombinedhavefallenforthirtyyears.Survivalrateshaveincreasedformostofthetopfifteencancersinbothmenandwomenandforcancersin54. TheNationalCancerInstituteandtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionstudiedthenumberofcancersurvivors.Acancersurvivorisdefined55anyonewhohasbeenfoundtohavecancer.Thiswouldincludecurrentpatients. Thestudycoveredtheperiod561971to2001.Theresearchersfoundtherearethree57asmanycancersurvivorstodayastherewerethirtyyearsago.In1971theUnitedStateshadaboutthree-millioncancer58.Todaythereareaboutten-million. Thestudyalsofoundthat64%ofadultswithcancercanexpecttostillbe59infiveyears.Thirtyyearsagothefive-yearsurvivalratewas50%.Thegovernmentwantsto60thefive-yearsurvivalrateto70%by2010. Theriskofcancerincreaseswithage.Thereportsaysthemajorityofsurvivorsare65yearsand61. Butitsaysmedicalimprovementshavealsohelpedchildrenwithcancerlive62longer.Researcherssay80%ofchildrenwithcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyearsafterthediscovery.About75%willsurviveat63tenyears. Inthe1970sthefive-yearsurvivalrateforchildrenwasabout50%.Inthe1960smostchildrendidnotsurvivecancer.Researcherssaythey64moreimprovementsincancertreatmentinthefuture.Infacttheysaytraditionalcancer-preventionprogramsarenotenoughanymore.Theysaypublichealthprogramsshouldalsoaimtosupportthe65numbersofcancersurvivorsandtheirfamilies.
第三篇TryingtoFindaParther OneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpollintheUKisthatofthepeopleinbterviewedoneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostartafamilywith. Whyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationships?Doesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinlove?Orarewemakingitharderforourselves? Itiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn’texpecthisspousetobeinsolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren. Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeansthatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence. Intheoryfindingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsagoyourchoiceofsoulmate心上人wasconstrained限制bygeographysocialconventionandfamilytradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicitmanymarriageswereessentiallyarranged. Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeoninanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster牡蛎yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl. Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraint:thetyrannyofchoice. Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflated提高toanunmanageabledegree:goodlooksimpressivesalarykindtograndmotherandrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression. Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn’titisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon’tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcoursethisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership. WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaconstraintonone’schoiceofsoulmateintheolddays?
RiseinNumberofCancerSurvivors CanceristhesecondleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStatesafterheartdisease.Inthe51itwasoftenconsideredadeathsentence.Butmanypatientsnowlivelonger52ofimprovementsindiscoveryandtreatment. Researcherssaydeath53intheUnitedStatesfromallcancerscombinedhavefallenforthirtyyears.Survivalrateshaveincreasedformostofthetopfifteencancersinbothmenandwomenandforcancersin54. TheNationalCancerInstituteandtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionstudiedthenumberofcancersurvivors.Acancersurvivorisdefined55anyonewhohasbeenfoundtohavecancer.Thiswouldincludecurrentpatients. Thestudycoveredtheperiod561971to2001.Theresearchersfoundtherearethree57asmanycancersurvivorstodayastherewerethirtyyearsago.In1971theUnitedStateshadaboutthree-millioncancer58.Todaythereareaboutten-million. Thestudyalsofoundthat64%ofadultswithcancercanexpecttostillbe59infiveyears.Thirtyyearsagothefive-yearsurvivalratewas50%.Thegovernmentwantsto60thefive-yearsurvivalrateto70%by2010. Theriskofcancerincreaseswithage.Thereportsaysthemajorityofsurvivorsare65yearsand61. Butitsaysmedicalimprovementshavealsohelpedchildrenwithcancerlive62longer.Researcherssay80%ofchildrenwithcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyearsafterthediscovery.About75%willsurviveat63tenyears. Inthe1970sthefive-yearsurvivalrateforchildrenwasabout50%.Inthe1960smostchildrendidnotsurvivecancer.Researcherssaythey64moreimprovementsincancertreatmentinthefuture.Infacttheysaytraditionalcancer-preventionprogramsarenotenoughanymore.Theysaypublichealthprogramsshouldalsoaimtosupportthe65numbersofcancersurvivorsandtheirfamilies.
第三篇TryingtoFindaParther OneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpollintheUKisthatofthepeopleinbterviewedoneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostartafamilywith. Whyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationships?Doesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinlove?Orarewemakingitharderforourselves? Itiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn’texpecthisspousetobeinsolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren. Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeansthatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence. Intheoryfindingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsagoyourchoiceofsoulmate心上人wasconstrained限制bygeographysocialconventionandfamilytradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicitmanymarriageswereessentiallyarranged. Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeoninanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster牡蛎yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl. Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraint:thetyrannyofchoice. Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflated提高toanunmanageabledegree:goodlooksimpressivesalarykindtograndmotherandrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression. Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn’titisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon’tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcoursethisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership. Thewordsustainparagraph2couldbebestreplacedby
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文巾没有提及请选择C BreastCancerDeathsRecord Low???Thenumberofwomendyingfrombreast cancerhasfallentoarecordlowbydroppingunder12000ayearforthefirst timesincerecordsbegan.???TheCancerResearchUKdata showedthat11990womendiedintheUKin2007.??Theprevious lowestfigurehadbeenrecordedin1971--theyearrecordsbegan--afterwhich itrosesteadilyyearbyyearuntilthelate1980s.??Professor PeterJohnsonCancerResearchUK’schiefcliniciansaid:It’sincredibly encouragingtoseefewerwomendyingfrombreastcancernowthanatanytimein thelast40yearsdespitebreastcancerbeingdiagnosedmoreoften. ??Researchhasplayedacrucialroleinthisprogressleading toimprovedtreatmentsandbettermanagementforwomenwiththedisease. ??TheintroductionoftheNHS国民保健制度breastscreeningprogram hasalsocontributedaswomenaremorelikelytosurvivetheearliercanceris diagnosed.??Breastcancerisnowthemostcommoncancerin theUKwith45500womeneveryyeardiagnosedwiththedisease-a500%risein 25years.??Thenumberofdeathspeakedin1989when15625 womendied.Itthenfellbybetween200and400deathseachyearuntil2004. ??Therewasaslightrisein2005andthentwoyearsoffalls. ??Dr.SarahCantpolicymanageratBreakthroughBreastCancer said:Itisgreatnewsthatfewerwomenaredyingfrombreastcancerand highlightstheimpactofimprovedtreatmentsbreastscreeningandawarenessof thedisease.??Howeverthisisstilltoomanywomenand incidenceofthediseaseisincreasingyearbyyear.??The risingrateofbreastcancerdiagnosishasbeenputdowntoavarietyoffactors includingobesity肥胖andalcoholconsumption.TherateofbreastcancerdiagnosisintheUKhasbeendropping.
RiseinNumberofCancerSurvivors CanceristhesecondleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStatesafterheartdisease.Inthe51itwasoftenconsideredadeathsentence.Butmanypatientsnowlivelonger52ofimprovementsindiscoveryandtreatment. Researcherssaydeath53intheUnitedStatesfromallcancerscombinedhavefallenforthirtyyears.Survivalrateshaveincreasedformostofthetopfifteencancersinbothmenandwomenandforcancersin54. TheNationalCancerInstituteandtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionstudiedthenumberofcancersurvivors.Acancersurvivorisdefined55anyonewhohasbeenfoundtohavecancer.Thiswouldincludecurrentpatients. Thestudycoveredtheperiod561971to2001.Theresearchersfoundtherearethree57asmanycancersurvivorstodayastherewerethirtyyearsago.In1971theUnitedStateshadaboutthree-millioncancer58.Todaythereareaboutten-million. Thestudyalsofoundthat64%ofadultswithcancercanexpecttostillbe59infiveyears.Thirtyyearsagothefive-yearsurvivalratewas50%.Thegovernmentwantsto60thefive-yearsurvivalrateto70%by2010. Theriskofcancerincreaseswithage.Thereportsaysthemajorityofsurvivorsare65yearsand61. Butitsaysmedicalimprovementshavealsohelpedchildrenwithcancerlive62longer.Researcherssay80%ofchildrenwithcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyearsafterthediscovery.About75%willsurviveat63tenyears. Inthe1970sthefive-yearsurvivalrateforchildrenwasabout50%.Inthe1960smostchildrendidnotsurvivecancer.Researcherssaythey64moreimprovementsincancertreatmentinthefuture.Infacttheysaytraditionalcancer-preventionprogramsarenotenoughanymore.Theysaypublichealthprogramsshouldalsoaimtosupportthe65numbersofcancersurvivorsandtheirfamilies.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} TheIceman??Ona Septemberdayin1991twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainsbetweenAustria andItaly.Highuponamountainpasstheyfoundthebodyofamanlyingonthe ice.Atthatheight10499feetor3200meterstheiceisusually permanentbut1991hadbeenanespeciallywarmyear.Themountainicehad meltedmorethanusualandsothebodyhadcometothesurface.? ?Itwaslyingfacedownward.Theskeleton骨架wasinperfectcondition exceptforawoundinthehead.Therewasstillskinonthebonesandthe remainsofsomeclothes.Thehandswerestillholdingthewoodenhandleofanax andonthefeettherewereverysimpleleatherandclothboots.Nearbywasa pairofglovesmadeoftreebark树皮andaholderforarrows.?? Whowasthisman?Howandwhenhadhedied?Everybodyhadadifferentanswerto thesequestions.Somepeoplethoughtthatitwasfromthiscenturyperhapsthe bodyofasoldierwhodiedinWorldWarIsinceseveralsoldiershadalready beenfoundinthearea.ASwisswomanbelieveditmightbeherfatherwhohad diedinthosemountainstwentyyearsbeforeandwhosebodyhadneverbeenfound. Thescientistswhorushedtolookatthebodythoughtitwasprobablymuch oldermaybeevenathousandyearsold.??Withmodemdating techniquesthescientistssoonlearnedthattheIcemanwasabout5300years old.Borninabout3300B.C.helivedduringtheBronzeAgeinEurope.At firstscientiststhoughthewasprobablyahunterwhohaddiedfromanaccident inthehighmountains.Morerecentevidencehowevertellsadifferentstory.A newkindofX-rayshowsanarrowheadstillstuckinhisshoulder.Itleftonlya tinyholeinhisskinbutitcausedinternaldamageandbleeding.Healmost certainlydiedfromthiswoundandnotfromthewoundonthebackofhishead. Thismeansthathewasprobablyinsomekindofabattle.Itmayhavebeenpart ofalargerwarorhemayhavebeenfightingbandits.Hemayevenhavebeena bandithimself.???Bystudyinghisclothesandtools scientistshavealreadylearnedagreatdealfromtheIcemanaboutthetimeshe livedin.Wemayneverknowthefullstoryofhowhediedbuthehasgivenus importantcluestothehistoryofthosedistanttimes. Thewordbanditsinparagraph4couldbebestreplacedby
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题2 第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项 Parkinson’sDisease?? ?1.Parkinson’sdiseaseaffectsthewayyoumove.Ithappenswhenthereis aproblemwithcertainnervecellsinthebrain.Normallythesenervecells makeanimportantchemicalcalleddopamine多巴胺.Dopaminesendssignalstothe partofyourbrainthatcontrolsmovement.Itletsyourmusclesmovesmoothly anddowhatyouwantthemtodo.WhenyouhaveParkinson’sthesenervecells breakdown.Thenyounolongerhaveenoughdopamineandyouhavetroublemoving thewayyouwantto.???2.Nooneknowsforsurewhatmakes thesenervecellsbreakdown.Butscientistsaredoingalotofresearchtolook fortheanswer.Theyarestudyingmanypossiblecausesincludingagingand poisonsintheenvironment.AbnormalgenesseemtoleadtoParkinson’sdisease insomepeople.Butsofarthereisnotenoughprooftoshowthatitisalways inherited.???3.Tremor颤抖maybethefirstsymptomyou notice.Itisoneofthemostcommonsignsofthediseasealthoughnoteveryone hasit.Tremoroftenstartsinjustonearmorlegoronlyononesideofthe body.Itmaybeworsewhenyouareawakebutnotmovingtheaffectedarmorleg. Itmaygetbetterwhenyoumovethelimboryouareasleep.IntimeParkinson’s affectsmusclesallthroughyourbodysoitcanleadtoproblemsliketrouble swallowingorconstipation便秘.Inthelaterstagesofthediseaseaperson withParkinson’smayhaveafixedorblankexpressiontroublespeakingand otherproblems.Somepeoplealsohaveadecreaseinmentalskills.? ??4.AtthistimethereisnocureforParkinson’sdisease.But thereareseveraltypesofmedicinesthatcancontrolthesymptomsandmakethe diseaseeasiertolivewith.Youmaynotevenneedtreatmentifyoursymptoms aremild.Yourdoctormaywaittoprescribemedicinesuntilyoursymptomsstart togetinthewayofyourdailylife.Yourdoctorwilladjustyourmedicinesas yoursymptomsgetworse.Youmayneedtotakeseveralmedicinestogetthebest results.??A.TipsforPatientswiththeDisease? ?B.CommonTreatmentfortheDisease??C.MeansofDiagnosis oftheDisease??D.TypicalSymptomsoftheDisease? ?E.PossibleCausesoftheDisease??F.Definitionof Parkinson’sDiseaseAlotofresearchisbeingdonetofindout______.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有5处空白短文后有6个句子其中5个取自短文请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置以恢复文章原貌 Semco??At21Ricardo Semlerbecamebossofhisfather’sbusinessinBrazilSemcowhichsoldparts forships.SemlerJuniorworkedlikeamadmanfrom7:30a.m.untilmidnight everyday.OneafternoonwhiletouringafactoryinNewYorkhecollapsed.The doctorwhotreatedhimsaidThere’snothingwrongwithyou.Butifyou continuelikethisyou’llfindanewhomeinourhospital.Semlergotthe message.Hechangedthewayheworked.Infacthechangedthewayhisemployees workedtoo.???Helethisworkerstakemoreresponsibility sothattheywouldbetheonesworryingwhenthingswentwrong.Heallowedthem tosettheirownsalariesandhecutallthejobshethoughtwereunnecessary likereceptionistsandsecretaries.{{U}}?46?{{/U}}EveryoneatSemco eventopmanagersmeetsguestsinreceptiondoesthephotocopyingsends faxestypeslettersanddialsthephone.???He completelyreorganizedtheofficeinsteadofwallstheyhaveplantsatSemco sobossescan’tshutthemselvesawayfromeveryoneelse.{{U}}?47 ?{{/U}}AsforuniformssomepeoplewearsuitsandotherswearT-shirts. ???SemlersaysWehaveasalesmanagernamedRubinAgater whositstherereadingthenewspaperhourafterhour.Hedoesn’tevenpretendto bebusy.ButwhenaSemcopumpontheothersideoftheworldfailsandmillions ofgallonsofoilareabouttospillintotheseaRubinspringsintoaction. {{U}}?48?{{/U}}That’swhenheearnshissalary.Noonecaresifhe doesn’tlookbusytherestofthetime.???Semcohas flexibleworkinghours;theemployeesdecidewhentheyneedtoarriveatwork. Theemployeesalsoevaluatetheirbossestwiceayear.{{U}}?49?{{/U}} ???Itsoundsperfectbutdoesitwork?Theanswerisin thenumbersinthelastsixyearsSemco’srevenueshavegonefrom$35million to$212million.Thecompanyhasgrownfromeighthundredemployeesto3000. Why????Semlersaysit’sbecauseofpeerpressure.Peer pressuremakeseveryoneworkhardforeveryoneelse.{{U}}?50?{{/U}}In otherwordsRicardoSemlertreatshisworkerslikeadultsandexpectsthemto actlikeadults.Andtheydo.???A.AlsoSemcoletsits workersusethecompany’smachinesfortheirownprojectsandmakesthemtake holidaysforatleastthirtydaysayear.??B.Mostmanagers spendtheirtimemakingitdifficultforworkerstowork.??C. Thissavedmoneyandbroughtmoreequalitytothecompany.??D. Andtheworkersarefreetodecoratetheirworkspaceastheywant.? ?E.Heknowseverythingthereistoknowaboutourpumpsandhowtofix them.??F.Ifsomeoneisn’tdoinghisjobwelltheother workerswillnotallowthesituationtocontinue.{{*HTML*}}
{{*HTML*}}下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题请根据短文内容为每题确定1个最佳选项{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} HumanHeartCanMakeNew Ceils??Solvingalongstanding为时甚久的mystery scientistshavefoundthatthehumanheartcontinuestogeneratenewcardiac 心脏的cellsthroughoutthelifespanalthoughtherateofnewcellproduction slowswithage.??ThefindingpublishedintheApril3issueof Sciencecouldopenanewpathforthetreatmentofheartdiseasessuchasheart failureandheartattackexpertssay.??Wefindthatthe beatingcellsintheheartcardiomyocytes心肌细胞arerenewedsaidlead researcherDr.JonasFrisenaprofessorofstemcellresearchattheKarolinska InstituteinStockholmSweden.Ithaspreviouslynotbeenknownwhetherwe werelimitedtothecardiomyocyteswearebornwithoriftheycouldbe renewedhesaid.??Theprocessofrenewingthesecellschanges overtimeFrisenadded.Ina20-year-oldabout1percentofcardiomyocytesare exchangedeachyearbuttheturnover更替ratedecreaseswithagetoonly0.45 percentbyage75.??Ifwecanunderstandhowthegenerationof newcardiomyocytesisregulateditmaybepotentiallypossibletodevelop pharmaceuticals药物thatpromotethisprocesstostimulateregenerationafter forexampleaheartattackFrisensaid.??Thatcouldleadto treatmentthathelpsrestoredamagedhearts.??Alotofpeople sufferfromchronicheartfailurenotedco-authorDr.RatanBhardwajalso fromtheKarolinskaInstitute.Chronicheartfailurearisesfromheartcells dyinghesaid.??Withthisfindingscientistsareopening thedoortopotentialtherapies疗法tohavingourselveshealourselves Bhardwajsaid.Maybeonecoulddeviseapharmaceuticalagentthatwouldmake heartcellsmakenewandmorecellstoovercometheproblemtheyarefacing. ??Butbarriersremain.AccordingtoBhardwajscientistsdonot yetknowhowtoincreaseheartcellproductiontoaratethatwouldreplace cellsfasterthantheyaredyingoffespeciallyinolderpatientswithheart failure.Inadditionthenumberofnewcellstheheartproduceswasestimated usinghealthyhearts--whethertherateofcellturnoverindiseasedheartsis thesameremainsunknown.Chronicheartfailureisattributedto
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} AcceptanceofChronicIllness? ?Forchronicallyillpatientsgivingupthehopethattheywillget bettermayactuallyleadtomorehappinessU.S.researcherssuggest.? ?Hopeisanimportantpartofhappinessbutthere’sadarksideofhope. Sometimesifhopemakespeopleputoffgettingonwiththeirlifeitcanget inthewayofhappinessDr.PeterA.UbelfromtheUniversityofMichigan HealthSystemsaidinauniversitynewsrelease.???Heand hiscolleaguesstudiedpatientswho’djusthadacolostomy结肠造口术whichmeans theircolons结肠wereremovedandtheyhadtohavehowe1肠movementsina pouch小袋outsidethebody.Atthetimeofthesurgerysomepatientsweretold theprocedurewasreversibleandthey’dhaveasecondoperationinafewmonths toreconnecttheirbowels.Otherpatientsweretoldthecolostomywaspermanent. ??Thepatientswerefollowedforsixmonthsandtheresearchers foundthatthosewithouthopeofregainingnormalbowelfunctionwerehappier thanthosewithreversiblecolostomies.???Wethinkthey werehappierbecausetheygotonwiththeirlife.Theyrealizedthecardsthey weredealtandrecognizedthattheyhadnochoicebuttoplaywiththose cardsUbelsaid.Theothergroupwaswaitingfortheircolostomytobe reversed.Theycontrastedtheircurrentlifewiththelifetheyhopedtolead anddidn’tmakethebestoftheircurrentsituation.?? ?ThestudypublishedintheNovembereditionofHealthPsychologyalso mayexplainwhypeoplewhosespousediesoftenrecoverbetteremotionallyover timethanthosewhogetdivorcedtheresearcherssaid.?? ?That’sbecausepeoplewhosehusbandorwifedieshaveclosure结束while thosewhogetdivorcedmaystillhavehopeforsomechanceofmakingupthey explained.Theothergroupwasnotashappybecause
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文巾没有提及请选择C BreastCancerDeathsRecord Low???Thenumberofwomendyingfrombreast cancerhasfallentoarecordlowbydroppingunder12000ayearforthefirst timesincerecordsbegan.???TheCancerResearchUKdata showedthat11990womendiedintheUKin2007.??Theprevious lowestfigurehadbeenrecordedin1971--theyearrecordsbegan--afterwhich itrosesteadilyyearbyyearuntilthelate1980s.??Professor PeterJohnsonCancerResearchUK’schiefcliniciansaid:It’sincredibly encouragingtoseefewerwomendyingfrombreastcancernowthanatanytimein thelast40yearsdespitebreastcancerbeingdiagnosedmoreoften. ??Researchhasplayedacrucialroleinthisprogressleading toimprovedtreatmentsandbettermanagementforwomenwiththedisease. ??TheintroductionoftheNHS国民保健制度breastscreeningprogram hasalsocontributedaswomenaremorelikelytosurvivetheearliercanceris diagnosed.??Breastcancerisnowthemostcommoncancerin theUKwith45500womeneveryyeardiagnosedwiththedisease-a500%risein 25years.??Thenumberofdeathspeakedin1989when15625 womendied.Itthenfellbybetween200and400deathseachyearuntil2004. ??Therewasaslightrisein2005andthentwoyearsoffalls. ??Dr.SarahCantpolicymanageratBreakthroughBreastCancer said:Itisgreatnewsthatfewerwomenaredyingfrombreastcancerand highlightstheimpactofimprovedtreatmentsbreastscreeningandawarenessof thedisease.??Howeverthisisstilltoomanywomenand incidenceofthediseaseisincreasingyearbyyear.??The risingrateofbreastcancerdiagnosishasbeenputdowntoavarietyoffactors includingobesity肥胖andalcoholconsumption.BreastcancerismorecommonintheUKthaninmanyothercountries.
RiseinNumberofCancerSurvivors CanceristhesecondleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStatesafterheartdisease.Inthe51itwasoftenconsideredadeathsentence.Butmanypatientsnowlivelonger52ofimprovementsindiscoveryandtreatment. Researcherssaydeath53intheUnitedStatesfromallcancerscombinedhavefallenforthirtyyears.Survivalrateshaveincreasedformostofthetopfifteencancersinbothmenandwomenandforcancersin54. TheNationalCancerInstituteandtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionstudiedthenumberofcancersurvivors.Acancersurvivorisdefined55anyonewhohasbeenfoundtohavecancer.Thiswouldincludecurrentpatients. Thestudycoveredtheperiod561971to2001.Theresearchersfoundtherearethree57asmanycancersurvivorstodayastherewerethirtyyearsago.In1971theUnitedStateshadaboutthree-millioncancer58.Todaythereareaboutten-million. Thestudyalsofoundthat64%ofadultswithcancercanexpecttostillbe59infiveyears.Thirtyyearsagothefive-yearsurvivalratewas50%.Thegovernmentwantsto60thefive-yearsurvivalrateto70%by2010. Theriskofcancerincreaseswithage.Thereportsaysthemajorityofsurvivorsare65yearsand61. Butitsaysmedicalimprovementshavealsohelpedchildrenwithcancerlive62longer.Researcherssay80%ofchildrenwithcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyearsafterthediscovery.About75%willsurviveat63tenyears. Inthe1970sthefive-yearsurvivalrateforchildrenwasabout50%.Inthe1960smostchildrendidnotsurvivecancer.Researcherssaythey64moreimprovementsincancertreatmentinthefuture.Infacttheysaytraditionalcancer-preventionprogramsarenotenoughanymore.Theysaypublichealthprogramsshouldalsoaimtosupportthe65numbersofcancersurvivorsandtheirfamilies.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} AcceptanceofChronicIllness? ?Forchronicallyillpatientsgivingupthehopethattheywillget bettermayactuallyleadtomorehappinessU.S.researcherssuggest.? ?Hopeisanimportantpartofhappinessbutthere’sadarksideofhope. Sometimesifhopemakespeopleputoffgettingonwiththeirlifeitcanget inthewayofhappinessDr.PeterA.UbelfromtheUniversityofMichigan HealthSystemsaidinauniversitynewsrelease.???Heand hiscolleaguesstudiedpatientswho’djusthadacolostomy结肠造口术whichmeans theircolons结肠wereremovedandtheyhadtohavehowe1肠movementsina pouch小袋outsidethebody.Atthetimeofthesurgerysomepatientsweretold theprocedurewasreversibleandthey’dhaveasecondoperationinafewmonths toreconnecttheirbowels.Otherpatientsweretoldthecolostomywaspermanent. ??Thepatientswerefollowedforsixmonthsandtheresearchers foundthatthosewithouthopeofregainingnormalbowelfunctionwerehappier thanthosewithreversiblecolostomies.???Wethinkthey werehappierbecausetheygotonwiththeirlife.Theyrealizedthecardsthey weredealtandrecognizedthattheyhadnochoicebuttoplaywiththose cardsUbelsaid.Theothergroupwaswaitingfortheircolostomytobe reversed.Theycontrastedtheircurrentlifewiththelifetheyhopedtolead anddidn’tmakethebestoftheircurrentsituation.?? ?ThestudypublishedintheNovembereditionofHealthPsychologyalso mayexplainwhypeoplewhosespousediesoftenrecoverbetteremotionallyover timethanthosewhogetdivorcedtheresearcherssaid.?? ?That’sbecausepeoplewhosehusbandorwifedieshaveclosure结束while thosewhogetdivorcedmaystillhavehopeforsomechanceofmakingupthey explained.Whathadhappenedtothepatientsunderstudy?
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} TheIceman??Ona Septemberdayin1991twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainsbetweenAustria andItaly.Highuponamountainpasstheyfoundthebodyofamanlyingonthe ice.Atthatheight10499feetor3200meterstheiceisusually permanentbut1991hadbeenanespeciallywarmyear.Themountainicehad meltedmorethanusualandsothebodyhadcometothesurface.? ?Itwaslyingfacedownward.Theskeleton骨架wasinperfectcondition exceptforawoundinthehead.Therewasstillskinonthebonesandthe remainsofsomeclothes.Thehandswerestillholdingthewoodenhandleofanax andonthefeettherewereverysimpleleatherandclothboots.Nearbywasa pairofglovesmadeoftreebark树皮andaholderforarrows.?? Whowasthisman?Howandwhenhadhedied?Everybodyhadadifferentanswerto thesequestions.Somepeoplethoughtthatitwasfromthiscenturyperhapsthe bodyofasoldierwhodiedinWorldWarIsinceseveralsoldiershadalready beenfoundinthearea.ASwisswomanbelieveditmightbeherfatherwhohad diedinthosemountainstwentyyearsbeforeandwhosebodyhadneverbeenfound. Thescientistswhorushedtolookatthebodythoughtitwasprobablymuch oldermaybeevenathousandyearsold.??Withmodemdating techniquesthescientistssoonlearnedthattheIcemanwasabout5300years old.Borninabout3300B.C.helivedduringtheBronzeAgeinEurope.At firstscientiststhoughthewasprobablyahunterwhohaddiedfromanaccident inthehighmountains.Morerecentevidencehowevertellsadifferentstory.A newkindofX-rayshowsanarrowheadstillstuckinhisshoulder.Itleftonlya tinyholeinhisskinbutitcausedinternaldamageandbleeding.Healmost certainlydiedfromthiswoundandnotfromthewoundonthebackofhishead. Thismeansthathewasprobablyinsomekindofabattle.Itmayhavebeenpart ofalargerwarorhemayhavebeenfightingbandits.Hemayevenhavebeena bandithimself.???Bystudyinghisclothesandtools scientistshavealreadylearnedagreatdealfromtheIcemanaboutthetimeshe livedin.Wemayneverknowthefullstoryofhowhediedbuthehasgivenus importantcluestothehistoryofthosedistanttimes. AllthefollowingareassumptionsoncemadeabouttheIcemanEXCEPT
{{*HTML*}}下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题请根据短文内容为每题确定1个最佳选项{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} HumanHeartCanMakeNew Ceils??Solvingalongstanding为时甚久的mystery scientistshavefoundthatthehumanheartcontinuestogeneratenewcardiac 心脏的cellsthroughoutthelifespanalthoughtherateofnewcellproduction slowswithage.??ThefindingpublishedintheApril3issueof Sciencecouldopenanewpathforthetreatmentofheartdiseasessuchasheart failureandheartattackexpertssay.??Wefindthatthe beatingcellsintheheartcardiomyocytes心肌细胞arerenewedsaidlead researcherDr.JonasFrisenaprofessorofstemcellresearchattheKarolinska InstituteinStockholmSweden.Ithaspreviouslynotbeenknownwhetherwe werelimitedtothecardiomyocyteswearebornwithoriftheycouldbe renewedhesaid.??Theprocessofrenewingthesecellschanges overtimeFrisenadded.Ina20-year-oldabout1percentofcardiomyocytesare exchangedeachyearbuttheturnover更替ratedecreaseswithagetoonly0.45 percentbyage75.??Ifwecanunderstandhowthegenerationof newcardiomyocytesisregulateditmaybepotentiallypossibletodevelop pharmaceuticals药物thatpromotethisprocesstostimulateregenerationafter forexampleaheartattackFrisensaid.??Thatcouldleadto treatmentthathelpsrestoredamagedhearts.??Alotofpeople sufferfromchronicheartfailurenotedco-authorDr.RatanBhardwajalso fromtheKarolinskaInstitute.Chronicheartfailurearisesfromheartcells dyinghesaid.??Withthisfindingscientistsareopening thedoortopotentialtherapies疗法tohavingourselveshealourselves Bhardwajsaid.Maybeonecoulddeviseapharmaceuticalagentthatwouldmake heartcellsmakenewandmorecellstoovercometheproblemtheyarefacing. ??Butbarriersremain.AccordingtoBhardwajscientistsdonot yetknowhowtoincreaseheartcellproductiontoaratethatwouldreplace cellsfasterthantheyaredyingoffespeciallyinolderpatientswithheart failure.Inadditionthenumberofnewcellstheheartproduceswasestimated usinghealthyhearts--whethertherateofcellturnoverindiseasedheartsis thesameremainsunknown.Thefindingcouldprovetobeusefulto
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文巾没有提及请选择C BreastCancerDeathsRecord Low???Thenumberofwomendyingfrombreast cancerhasfallentoarecordlowbydroppingunder12000ayearforthefirst timesincerecordsbegan.???TheCancerResearchUKdata showedthat11990womendiedintheUKin2007.??Theprevious lowestfigurehadbeenrecordedin1971--theyearrecordsbegan--afterwhich itrosesteadilyyearbyyearuntilthelate1980s.??Professor PeterJohnsonCancerResearchUK’schiefcliniciansaid:It’sincredibly encouragingtoseefewerwomendyingfrombreastcancernowthanatanytimein thelast40yearsdespitebreastcancerbeingdiagnosedmoreoften. ??Researchhasplayedacrucialroleinthisprogressleading toimprovedtreatmentsandbettermanagementforwomenwiththedisease. ??TheintroductionoftheNHS国民保健制度breastscreeningprogram hasalsocontributedaswomenaremorelikelytosurvivetheearliercanceris diagnosed.??Breastcancerisnowthemostcommoncancerin theUKwith45500womeneveryyeardiagnosedwiththedisease-a500%risein 25years.??Thenumberofdeathspeakedin1989when15625 womendied.Itthenfellbybetween200and400deathseachyearuntil2004. ??Therewasaslightrisein2005andthentwoyearsoffalls. ??Dr.SarahCantpolicymanageratBreakthroughBreastCancer said:Itisgreatnewsthatfewerwomenaredyingfrombreastcancerand highlightstheimpactofimprovedtreatmentsbreastscreeningandawarenessof thedisease.??Howeverthisisstilltoomanywomenand incidenceofthediseaseisincreasingyearbyyear.??The risingrateofbreastcancerdiagnosishasbeenputdowntoavarietyoffactors includingobesity肥胖andalcoholconsumption.11990womendiedfrombreastcancerintheUKin2007.
RiseinNumberofCancerSurvivors CanceristhesecondleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStatesafterheartdisease.Inthe51itwasoftenconsideredadeathsentence.Butmanypatientsnowlivelonger52ofimprovementsindiscoveryandtreatment. Researcherssaydeath53intheUnitedStatesfromallcancerscombinedhavefallenforthirtyyears.Survivalrateshaveincreasedformostofthetopfifteencancersinbothmenandwomenandforcancersin54. TheNationalCancerInstituteandtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionstudiedthenumberofcancersurvivors.Acancersurvivorisdefined55anyonewhohasbeenfoundtohavecancer.Thiswouldincludecurrentpatients. Thestudycoveredtheperiod561971to2001.Theresearchersfoundtherearethree57asmanycancersurvivorstodayastherewerethirtyyearsago.In1971theUnitedStateshadaboutthree-millioncancer58.Todaythereareaboutten-million. Thestudyalsofoundthat64%ofadultswithcancercanexpecttostillbe59infiveyears.Thirtyyearsagothefive-yearsurvivalratewas50%.Thegovernmentwantsto60thefive-yearsurvivalrateto70%by2010. Theriskofcancerincreaseswithage.Thereportsaysthemajorityofsurvivorsare65yearsand61. Butitsaysmedicalimprovementshavealsohelpedchildrenwithcancerlive62longer.Researcherssay80%ofchildrenwithcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyearsafterthediscovery.About75%willsurviveat63tenyears. Inthe1970sthefive-yearsurvivalrateforchildrenwasabout50%.Inthe1960smostchildrendidnotsurvivecancer.Researcherssaythey64moreimprovementsincancertreatmentinthefuture.Infacttheysaytraditionalcancer-preventionprogramsarenotenoughanymore.Theysaypublichealthprogramsshouldalsoaimtosupportthe65numbersofcancersurvivorsandtheirfamilies.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题2 第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项 Parkinson’sDisease?? ?1.Parkinson’sdiseaseaffectsthewayyoumove.Ithappenswhenthereis aproblemwithcertainnervecellsinthebrain.Normallythesenervecells makeanimportantchemicalcalleddopamine多巴胺.Dopaminesendssignalstothe partofyourbrainthatcontrolsmovement.Itletsyourmusclesmovesmoothly anddowhatyouwantthemtodo.WhenyouhaveParkinson’sthesenervecells breakdown.Thenyounolongerhaveenoughdopamineandyouhavetroublemoving thewayyouwantto.???2.Nooneknowsforsurewhatmakes thesenervecellsbreakdown.Butscientistsaredoingalotofresearchtolook fortheanswer.Theyarestudyingmanypossiblecausesincludingagingand poisonsintheenvironment.AbnormalgenesseemtoleadtoParkinson’sdisease insomepeople.Butsofarthereisnotenoughprooftoshowthatitisalways inherited.???3.Tremor颤抖maybethefirstsymptomyou notice.Itisoneofthemostcommonsignsofthediseasealthoughnoteveryone hasit.Tremoroftenstartsinjustonearmorlegoronlyononesideofthe body.Itmaybeworsewhenyouareawakebutnotmovingtheaffectedarmorleg. Itmaygetbetterwhenyoumovethelimboryouareasleep.IntimeParkinson’s affectsmusclesallthroughyourbodysoitcanleadtoproblemsliketrouble swallowingorconstipation便秘.Inthelaterstagesofthediseaseaperson withParkinson’smayhaveafixedorblankexpressiontroublespeakingand otherproblems.Somepeoplealsohaveadecreaseinmentalskills.? ??4.AtthistimethereisnocureforParkinson’sdisease.But thereareseveraltypesofmedicinesthatcancontrolthesymptomsandmakethe diseaseeasiertolivewith.Youmaynotevenneedtreatmentifyoursymptoms aremild.Yourdoctormaywaittoprescribemedicinesuntilyoursymptomsstart togetinthewayofyourdailylife.Yourdoctorwilladjustyourmedicinesas yoursymptomsgetworse.Youmayneedtotakeseveralmedicinestogetthebest results.??A.TipsforPatientswiththeDisease? ?B.CommonTreatmentfortheDisease??C.MeansofDiagnosis oftheDisease??D.TypicalSymptomsoftheDisease? ?E.PossibleCausesoftheDisease??F.Definitionof Parkinson’sDiseaseApersonwithParkinson’shastolearntolivewiththedisease______.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有5处空白短文后有6个句子其中5个取自短文请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置以恢复文章原貌 Semco??At21Ricardo Semlerbecamebossofhisfather’sbusinessinBrazilSemcowhichsoldparts forships.SemlerJuniorworkedlikeamadmanfrom7:30a.m.untilmidnight everyday.OneafternoonwhiletouringafactoryinNewYorkhecollapsed.The doctorwhotreatedhimsaidThere’snothingwrongwithyou.Butifyou continuelikethisyou’llfindanewhomeinourhospital.Semlergotthe message.Hechangedthewayheworked.Infacthechangedthewayhisemployees workedtoo.???Helethisworkerstakemoreresponsibility sothattheywouldbetheonesworryingwhenthingswentwrong.Heallowedthem tosettheirownsalariesandhecutallthejobshethoughtwereunnecessary likereceptionistsandsecretaries.{{U}}?46?{{/U}}EveryoneatSemco eventopmanagersmeetsguestsinreceptiondoesthephotocopyingsends faxestypeslettersanddialsthephone.???He completelyreorganizedtheofficeinsteadofwallstheyhaveplantsatSemco sobossescan’tshutthemselvesawayfromeveryoneelse.{{U}}?47 ?{{/U}}AsforuniformssomepeoplewearsuitsandotherswearT-shirts. ???SemlersaysWehaveasalesmanagernamedRubinAgater whositstherereadingthenewspaperhourafterhour.Hedoesn’tevenpretendto bebusy.ButwhenaSemcopumpontheothersideoftheworldfailsandmillions ofgallonsofoilareabouttospillintotheseaRubinspringsintoaction. {{U}}?48?{{/U}}That’swhenheearnshissalary.Noonecaresifhe doesn’tlookbusytherestofthetime.???Semcohas flexibleworkinghours;theemployeesdecidewhentheyneedtoarriveatwork. Theemployeesalsoevaluatetheirbossestwiceayear.{{U}}?49?{{/U}} ???Itsoundsperfectbutdoesitwork?Theanswerisin thenumbersinthelastsixyearsSemco’srevenueshavegonefrom$35million to$212million.Thecompanyhasgrownfromeighthundredemployeesto3000. Why????Semlersaysit’sbecauseofpeerpressure.Peer pressuremakeseveryoneworkhardforeveryoneelse.{{U}}?50?{{/U}}In otherwordsRicardoSemlertreatshisworkerslikeadultsandexpectsthemto actlikeadults.Andtheydo.???A.AlsoSemcoletsits workersusethecompany’smachinesfortheirownprojectsandmakesthemtake holidaysforatleastthirtydaysayear.??B.Mostmanagers spendtheirtimemakingitdifficultforworkerstowork.??C. Thissavedmoneyandbroughtmoreequalitytothecompany.??D. Andtheworkersarefreetodecoratetheirworkspaceastheywant.? ?E.Heknowseverythingthereistoknowaboutourpumpsandhowtofix them.??F.Ifsomeoneisn’tdoinghisjobwelltheother workerswillnotallowthesituationtocontinue.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有5处空白短文后有6个句子其中5个取自短文请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置以恢复文章原貌 Semco??At21Ricardo Semlerbecamebossofhisfather’sbusinessinBrazilSemcowhichsoldparts forships.SemlerJuniorworkedlikeamadmanfrom7:30a.m.untilmidnight everyday.OneafternoonwhiletouringafactoryinNewYorkhecollapsed.The doctorwhotreatedhimsaidThere’snothingwrongwithyou.Butifyou continuelikethisyou’llfindanewhomeinourhospital.Semlergotthe message.Hechangedthewayheworked.Infacthechangedthewayhisemployees workedtoo.???Helethisworkerstakemoreresponsibility sothattheywouldbetheonesworryingwhenthingswentwrong.Heallowedthem tosettheirownsalariesandhecutallthejobshethoughtwereunnecessary likereceptionistsandsecretaries.{{U}}?46?{{/U}}EveryoneatSemco eventopmanagersmeetsguestsinreceptiondoesthephotocopyingsends faxestypeslettersanddialsthephone.???He completelyreorganizedtheofficeinsteadofwallstheyhaveplantsatSemco sobossescan’tshutthemselvesawayfromeveryoneelse.{{U}}?47 ?{{/U}}AsforuniformssomepeoplewearsuitsandotherswearT-shirts. ???SemlersaysWehaveasalesmanagernamedRubinAgater whositstherereadingthenewspaperhourafterhour.Hedoesn’tevenpretendto bebusy.ButwhenaSemcopumpontheothersideoftheworldfailsandmillions ofgallonsofoilareabouttospillintotheseaRubinspringsintoaction. {{U}}?48?{{/U}}That’swhenheearnshissalary.Noonecaresifhe doesn’tlookbusytherestofthetime.???Semcohas flexibleworkinghours;theemployeesdecidewhentheyneedtoarriveatwork. Theemployeesalsoevaluatetheirbossestwiceayear.{{U}}?49?{{/U}} ???Itsoundsperfectbutdoesitwork?Theanswerisin thenumbersinthelastsixyearsSemco’srevenueshavegonefrom$35million to$212million.Thecompanyhasgrownfromeighthundredemployeesto3000. Why????Semlersaysit’sbecauseofpeerpressure.Peer pressuremakeseveryoneworkhardforeveryoneelse.{{U}}?50?{{/U}}In otherwordsRicardoSemlertreatshisworkerslikeadultsandexpectsthemto actlikeadults.Andtheydo.???A.AlsoSemcoletsits workersusethecompany’smachinesfortheirownprojectsandmakesthemtake holidaysforatleastthirtydaysayear.??B.Mostmanagers spendtheirtimemakingitdifficultforworkerstowork.??C. Thissavedmoneyandbroughtmoreequalitytothecompany.??D. Andtheworkersarefreetodecoratetheirworkspaceastheywant.? ?E.Heknowseverythingthereistoknowaboutourpumpsandhowtofix them.??F.Ifsomeoneisn’tdoinghisjobwelltheother workerswillnotallowthesituationtocontinue.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题2 第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项 Parkinson’sDisease?? ?1.Parkinson’sdiseaseaffectsthewayyoumove.Ithappenswhenthereis aproblemwithcertainnervecellsinthebrain.Normallythesenervecells makeanimportantchemicalcalleddopamine多巴胺.Dopaminesendssignalstothe partofyourbrainthatcontrolsmovement.Itletsyourmusclesmovesmoothly anddowhatyouwantthemtodo.WhenyouhaveParkinson’sthesenervecells breakdown.Thenyounolongerhaveenoughdopamineandyouhavetroublemoving thewayyouwantto.???2.Nooneknowsforsurewhatmakes thesenervecellsbreakdown.Butscientistsaredoingalotofresearchtolook fortheanswer.Theyarestudyingmanypossiblecausesincludingagingand poisonsintheenvironment.AbnormalgenesseemtoleadtoParkinson’sdisease insomepeople.Butsofarthereisnotenoughprooftoshowthatitisalways inherited.???3.Tremor颤抖maybethefirstsymptomyou notice.Itisoneofthemostcommonsignsofthediseasealthoughnoteveryone hasit.Tremoroftenstartsinjustonearmorlegoronlyononesideofthe body.Itmaybeworsewhenyouareawakebutnotmovingtheaffectedarmorleg. Itmaygetbetterwhenyoumovethelimboryouareasleep.IntimeParkinson’s affectsmusclesallthroughyourbodysoitcanleadtoproblemsliketrouble swallowingorconstipation便秘.Inthelaterstagesofthediseaseaperson withParkinson’smayhaveafixedorblankexpressiontroublespeakingand otherproblems.Somepeoplealsohaveadecreaseinmentalskills.? ??4.AtthistimethereisnocureforParkinson’sdisease.But thereareseveraltypesofmedicinesthatcancontrolthesymptomsandmakethe diseaseeasiertolivewith.Youmaynotevenneedtreatmentifyoursymptoms aremild.Yourdoctormaywaittoprescribemedicinesuntilyoursymptomsstart togetinthewayofyourdailylife.Yourdoctorwilladjustyourmedicinesas yoursymptomsgetworse.Youmayneedtotakeseveralmedicinestogetthebest results.??A.TipsforPatientswiththeDisease? ?B.CommonTreatmentfortheDisease??C.MeansofDiagnosis oftheDisease??D.TypicalSymptomsoftheDisease? ?E.PossibleCausesoftheDisease??F.Definitionof Parkinson’sDiseaseParagraph4______
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 Nurse!IWantMyMummy?? Whenachildisillinhospitalaparent’sfirstreactionistobe {{U}}?51?{{/U}}them.???Mosthospitalsnowallow parentstosleep{{U}}?52?{{/U}}withtheirchildprovidingabedor sofaontheward.??Butuntilthe1970sthis{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}wasnotonlyfrownedupon不赞同--itwasactivelydiscouraged.Staff worriedthatthechildrenwouldbe{{U}}?54?{{/U}}whentheirparents leftandsotherewasablanket通用的ban.??Aconcernednurse PamelaHawthorndisagreedandherstudyNurseIwantmymummy!publishedin 1974{{U}}?55?{{/U}}thefaceofpaediatric儿科的nursing.? ?MartinJohnsonaprofessorofnursingattheUniversityofSalfordsaid thattheworkof{{U}}?56?{{/U}}likePamelahadchangedthefaceof patientcare.??Pamela’sstudywasdoneagainstthe {{U}}?57?{{/U}}ofalivelydebateinpaediatricsandpsychologyasto thedegreewomenshouldspendwithchildrenintheoutsideworldandthedegree towhichtheyshouldbeallowedtovisitchildrenin{{U}}?58?{{/U}}. ??Theideawasthatifmumcameto{{U}}?59?{{/U}}a smallchildinhospitalthechildwouldbeupsetandinconsolable无法安慰的for hours.???Yetthenursenoticedthatifmumdidnotcome at{{U}}?60?{{/U}}thechildstayedinarelativelystablestatebut theymightbedepressed.??Ofcourseweknownowthattheyhad almostgivenuphope{{U}}?61?{{/U}}mumwasevercomingback. ??Toavoidalittlebitofpaintheysaidthatnooneshould visit.??ButchildrenwerealoneanddepressedsoHawthorn saidparentsshouldbe{{U}}?62?{{/U}}tovisit.?? Dr.PeterCarterchiefexecutiveandgeneralsecretaryoftheRoyalCollegeof Nursingsaidher{{U}}?63?{{/U}}hadbeenseminal开创性的.? ?Herresearchputanendtothe{{U}}?64?{{/U}}whenparents handedtheirchildrenovertostrangersatthedoorofthehospitalward. ??Asaresultofherworkparentsarenowrecognizedas partnersincareandareaffordedtheopportunitytostaywiththeirchildren whiletheyareinhospital{{U}}?65?{{/U}}hasdramaticallyimproved bothparents’andchildren’sexperienceofcare.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 Nurse!IWantMyMummy?? Whenachildisillinhospitalaparent’sfirstreactionistobe {{U}}?51?{{/U}}them.???Mosthospitalsnowallow parentstosleep{{U}}?52?{{/U}}withtheirchildprovidingabedor sofaontheward.??Butuntilthe1970sthis{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}wasnotonlyfrownedupon不赞同--itwasactivelydiscouraged.Staff worriedthatthechildrenwouldbe{{U}}?54?{{/U}}whentheirparents leftandsotherewasablanket通用的ban.??Aconcernednurse PamelaHawthorndisagreedandherstudyNurseIwantmymummy!publishedin 1974{{U}}?55?{{/U}}thefaceofpaediatric儿科的nursing.? ?MartinJohnsonaprofessorofnursingattheUniversityofSalfordsaid thattheworkof{{U}}?56?{{/U}}likePamelahadchangedthefaceof patientcare.??Pamela’sstudywasdoneagainstthe {{U}}?57?{{/U}}ofalivelydebateinpaediatricsandpsychologyasto thedegreewomenshouldspendwithchildrenintheoutsideworldandthedegree towhichtheyshouldbeallowedtovisitchildrenin{{U}}?58?{{/U}}. ??Theideawasthatifmumcameto{{U}}?59?{{/U}}a smallchildinhospitalthechildwouldbeupsetandinconsolable无法安慰的for hours.???Yetthenursenoticedthatifmumdidnotcome at{{U}}?60?{{/U}}thechildstayedinarelativelystablestatebut theymightbedepressed.??Ofcourseweknownowthattheyhad almostgivenuphope{{U}}?61?{{/U}}mumwasevercomingback. ??Toavoidalittlebitofpaintheysaidthatnooneshould visit.??ButchildrenwerealoneanddepressedsoHawthorn saidparentsshouldbe{{U}}?62?{{/U}}tovisit.?? Dr.PeterCarterchiefexecutiveandgeneralsecretaryoftheRoyalCollegeof Nursingsaidher{{U}}?63?{{/U}}hadbeenseminal开创性的.? ?Herresearchputanendtothe{{U}}?64?{{/U}}whenparents handedtheirchildrenovertostrangersatthedoorofthehospitalward. ??Asaresultofherworkparentsarenowrecognizedas partnersincareandareaffordedtheopportunitytostaywiththeirchildren whiletheyareinhospital{{U}}?65?{{/U}}hasdramaticallyimproved bothparents’andchildren’sexperienceofcare.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文巾没有提及请选择C BreastCancerDeathsRecord Low???Thenumberofwomendyingfrombreast cancerhasfallentoarecordlowbydroppingunder12000ayearforthefirst timesincerecordsbegan.???TheCancerResearchUKdata showedthat11990womendiedintheUKin2007.??Theprevious lowestfigurehadbeenrecordedin1971--theyearrecordsbegan--afterwhich itrosesteadilyyearbyyearuntilthelate1980s.??Professor PeterJohnsonCancerResearchUK’schiefcliniciansaid:It’sincredibly encouragingtoseefewerwomendyingfrombreastcancernowthanatanytimein thelast40yearsdespitebreastcancerbeingdiagnosedmoreoften. ??Researchhasplayedacrucialroleinthisprogressleading toimprovedtreatmentsandbettermanagementforwomenwiththedisease. ??TheintroductionoftheNHS国民保健制度breastscreeningprogram hasalsocontributedaswomenaremorelikelytosurvivetheearliercanceris diagnosed.??Breastcancerisnowthemostcommoncancerin theUKwith45500womeneveryyeardiagnosedwiththedisease-a500%risein 25years.??Thenumberofdeathspeakedin1989when15625 womendied.Itthenfellbybetween200and400deathseachyearuntil2004. ??Therewasaslightrisein2005andthentwoyearsoffalls. ??Dr.SarahCantpolicymanageratBreakthroughBreastCancer said:Itisgreatnewsthatfewerwomenaredyingfrombreastcancerand highlightstheimpactofimprovedtreatmentsbreastscreeningandawarenessof thedisease.??Howeverthisisstilltoomanywomenand incidenceofthediseaseisincreasingyearbyyear.??The risingrateofbreastcancerdiagnosishasbeenputdowntoavarietyoffactors includingobesity肥胖andalcoholconsumption.Obesityandalcoholconsumptionmayalsoleadtosomeotherdiseases.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} TheIceman??Ona Septemberdayin1991twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainsbetweenAustria andItaly.Highuponamountainpasstheyfoundthebodyofamanlyingonthe ice.Atthatheight10499feetor3200meterstheiceisusually permanentbut1991hadbeenanespeciallywarmyear.Themountainicehad meltedmorethanusualandsothebodyhadcometothesurface.? ?Itwaslyingfacedownward.Theskeleton骨架wasinperfectcondition exceptforawoundinthehead.Therewasstillskinonthebonesandthe remainsofsomeclothes.Thehandswerestillholdingthewoodenhandleofanax andonthefeettherewereverysimpleleatherandclothboots.Nearbywasa pairofglovesmadeoftreebark树皮andaholderforarrows.?? Whowasthisman?Howandwhenhadhedied?Everybodyhadadifferentanswerto thesequestions.Somepeoplethoughtthatitwasfromthiscenturyperhapsthe bodyofasoldierwhodiedinWorldWarIsinceseveralsoldiershadalready beenfoundinthearea.ASwisswomanbelieveditmightbeherfatherwhohad diedinthosemountainstwentyyearsbeforeandwhosebodyhadneverbeenfound. Thescientistswhorushedtolookatthebodythoughtitwasprobablymuch oldermaybeevenathousandyearsold.??Withmodemdating techniquesthescientistssoonlearnedthattheIcemanwasabout5300years old.Borninabout3300B.C.helivedduringtheBronzeAgeinEurope.At firstscientiststhoughthewasprobablyahunterwhohaddiedfromanaccident inthehighmountains.Morerecentevidencehowevertellsadifferentstory.A newkindofX-rayshowsanarrowheadstillstuckinhisshoulder.Itleftonlya tinyholeinhisskinbutitcausedinternaldamageandbleeding.Healmost certainlydiedfromthiswoundandnotfromthewoundonthebackofhishead. Thismeansthathewasprobablyinsomekindofabattle.Itmayhavebeenpart ofalargerwarorhemayhavebeenfightingbandits.Hemayevenhavebeena bandithimself.???Bystudyinghisclothesandtools scientistshavealreadylearnedagreatdealfromtheIcemanaboutthetimeshe livedin.Wemayneverknowthefullstoryofhowhediedbuthehasgivenus importantcluestothehistoryofthosedistanttimes. ThebodyoftheIcemanwasfoundinthemountainsmainlybecause
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题2 第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项 Parkinson’sDisease?? ?1.Parkinson’sdiseaseaffectsthewayyoumove.Ithappenswhenthereis aproblemwithcertainnervecellsinthebrain.Normallythesenervecells makeanimportantchemicalcalleddopamine多巴胺.Dopaminesendssignalstothe partofyourbrainthatcontrolsmovement.Itletsyourmusclesmovesmoothly anddowhatyouwantthemtodo.WhenyouhaveParkinson’sthesenervecells breakdown.Thenyounolongerhaveenoughdopamineandyouhavetroublemoving thewayyouwantto.???2.Nooneknowsforsurewhatmakes thesenervecellsbreakdown.Butscientistsaredoingalotofresearchtolook fortheanswer.Theyarestudyingmanypossiblecausesincludingagingand poisonsintheenvironment.AbnormalgenesseemtoleadtoParkinson’sdisease insomepeople.Butsofarthereisnotenoughprooftoshowthatitisalways inherited.???3.Tremor颤抖maybethefirstsymptomyou notice.Itisoneofthemostcommonsignsofthediseasealthoughnoteveryone hasit.Tremoroftenstartsinjustonearmorlegoronlyononesideofthe body.Itmaybeworsewhenyouareawakebutnotmovingtheaffectedarmorleg. Itmaygetbetterwhenyoumovethelimboryouareasleep.IntimeParkinson’s affectsmusclesallthroughyourbodysoitcanleadtoproblemsliketrouble swallowingorconstipation便秘.Inthelaterstagesofthediseaseaperson withParkinson’smayhaveafixedorblankexpressiontroublespeakingand otherproblems.Somepeoplealsohaveadecreaseinmentalskills.? ??4.AtthistimethereisnocureforParkinson’sdisease.But thereareseveraltypesofmedicinesthatcancontrolthesymptomsandmakethe diseaseeasiertolivewith.Youmaynotevenneedtreatmentifyoursymptoms aremild.Yourdoctormaywaittoprescribemedicinesuntilyoursymptomsstart togetinthewayofyourdailylife.Yourdoctorwilladjustyourmedicinesas yoursymptomsgetworse.Youmayneedtotakeseveralmedicinestogetthebest results.??A.TipsforPatientswiththeDisease? ?B.CommonTreatmentfortheDisease??C.MeansofDiagnosis oftheDisease??D.TypicalSymptomsoftheDisease? ?E.PossibleCausesoftheDisease??F.Definitionof Parkinson’sDiseaseParagraph2______
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