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False Fear of Big Fish Many people believe sharks (鲨鱼) are dangerous and will always try to hurt or...
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TheNorthernPikeisaverybadfish.Itisabighungryfis
It’s not healthy for the environment.
People only like to catch big fish.
There are too many small fish.
The smaller fish can get lost in the lake.
MynameisChenLan.MyhomeisinGulangyu.WhereisGulangyu
FalseFearofBigFishManypeoplebelievesharksaredanger
EIfyouareafraidofthedarkit’snotabigdeal.It’sperfec
MynameisLily.MyhometownisinRizhao.DoyouknowRizhao?
Greatwhitesharks!Justhearingthatnamemakesmanypeopl
FalseFearofBigFish??Manypeoplebelievesharks鲨鱼areda
AmannamedDavidwentfishingonaholiday.Fishingwashisf
ScientistsinCanadasaybigfishhavealmostdisappearedf
Greatwhitesharks!Justhearingthatnamemakesmanypeopl
FalseFearofBigFishManypeoplebelievesharksaredanger
TheNorthernPikeisaverybadfish.Itisabighungryfishan
It’s not healthy for the environment.
People only like to catch big fish.
There are too many small fish.
The smaller fish can get lost in the lak
Greatwhitesharks!Justhearingthatnamemakesmanypeopl
What________!Wheredidyougetthem?
big fish
a big fish
a piece of big fish
big a fish
Ifyouareafraidofthedarkit’snotabigdeal.It’sperfect
FalseFearofBigFishManypeoplebelievesharks鲨鱼aredang
Ifyouareafraidofthedarkit’snotabigdeal.It’sperfect
Ifyouareafraidofthedarkit’snotabigdeal.It’sperfect
Ifyouareafraidofthedarkit'snotabigdeal.It'sperfect
Ihaven’tseen___beforE.It’stwelvemetersin____length
so a big fish; a ; a
such big a fish ; /;/
that big a fish ; /; /
rather big a fish ;the ;the
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AmericanSportsTheUnitedStatesisasports-lovingnation.SportsinAmericatakeavarietyofforms:organizedcompetitivestruggleswhichdrawhugecrowdstocheertheirfavoriteteamtovictory;athleticgamesplayedforrecreationanywheresufficientspaceisfound;andhuntingandfishing.Mostsportsareseasonalsothatwhatishappeninginsportsdependsuponthetimeofyear.Somesportsarecalledspectatorsportsasthenumberofspectatorsgreatlyexceedsthenumberplayinginthegame.BaseballisthemostpopularsportintheUS.Itisplayedthroughoutthespringandsummerandprofessionalbaseballteamsplaywellintothefall.AlthoughnoothergameisexactlylikebaseballperhapstheonemostnearlylikeitistheEnglishgameofcricket.Footballisthemostpopularsportinthefall.Thegameoriginatedasacollegesportmorethan75yearsago.Itisstillplayedbyalmosteverycollegeanduniversityinthecountryandthefootballstadiumsofsomeofthelargestuniversitiesseatasmanyas80000people.ThegameisnotthesameasEuropeanfootballorsoccer.InAmericanfootballthereare11playersoneachteamandtheyaredressedinpaddeduniformsandhelmetsbecausethegameisroughandinjuriesarelikelytooccur.BasketballisthewintersportinAmericanschoolsandcolleges.LikefootballbasketballoriginatedintheUSandisnotpopularinothercountries.ManyAmericanspreferittofootballbecauseitisplayedindoorsthroughoutthewinterandbecauseitisafastergame.Itisaverypopulargamewithhighschoolsandinmorethan20statesstate-widehighschoolmatchesareheldyearly.Otherspectatorsportsincludewrestlingboxingandhorseracing.Althoughhorse-racingfanscallthemselvessportsmentheaccuracyofthetermisquestionableasonlythejockeyswhoridethehorsesintheracescanbeconsideredathletes.Theso-calledsportsmenarethespectatorswhodonotassembleprimarilytoseethehorsesracebuttobetupontheoutcomeofeachrace.Gamblingistheattractionofhorseracing.BasketballinAmericanissopopularwithuniversitiesthatnationwideuniversitymatchesareheldyearly.
TechnologyTransferinGermanyWhenitcomestotranslatingbasicresearchintoindustrialsuccessfewnationscanmatchGermany.Sincethe1940sthenation’svastindustrialbasehasbeenfedwithaconstantstreamofnewideasandexpertisefromscience.AndthoughGermanprosperity繁荣hasfaltered衰退overthepastdecadebecauseofthehugecostofunifyingeastandwestaswellastheglobaleconomicdeclineitstillhasanenviable令人羡慕recordforminingideasintoprofit.MuchofthereasonforthatsuccessistheFraunhoferSocietyanetworkofresearchinstitutesthatexistssolelytosolveindustrialproblemsandcreatesought-aftertechnologies.ButtodaytheFraunhoferinstituteshavecompetition.Universitiesaretakinganeverlargerroleintechnologytransferandtechnologyparksarespringingupallover.Theseeffortsarebeingcomplementedbythefederalprogramsforpumpingmoneyintostart-upcompanies.Suchastrategymaysoundlikearecipeforeconomicsuccessbutitisnotwithoutitscritics.Thesepeopleworrythatfavoringappliedresearchwillmeanneglectingbasicscienceeventuallystarvingindustryoffleshideas.Ifeveryscientiststartsthinkinglikeanentrepreneur企业家theargumentgoesthenthetraditionalprinciplesofuniversityresearchbeingcuriosity-driven:freeandwidelyavailablewillsuffer.Othersclaimthatmanyoftheprogramstopromotetechnologytransferareawasteofmoneybecausehalfthesmallbusinessesthatarepromotedareboundtogobankruptwithinafewyears.WhilethisdebatecontinuesnewideasflowatasteadyratefromGermany’sresearchnetworkswhichbearfamousnamessuchasHelmholtzMaxPlanckandLeibniz.YetitisthefourthnetworktheFraunhoferSocietythatplaysthegreatestroleintechnologytransfer.Foundedin1949theFraunhoferSocietyisnowEurope’slargestorganizationforappliedtechnologyandhas59institutesemploying12000people.Itcontinuestogrow.LastyearitswalloweduptheHeinrichHertzInstituteforCommunicationTechnologyinBedimTodaythereareevenFraunhofersintheUSandAsia.WhatfactorcanbeattributedtoGermanprosperity
PushbikePerilLowspeedbicyclecrashescanbadlyinjure—orevenkill—childreniftheyfallontotheendsofthehandlebarssoateamofengineersisredesigningthehumblehandlebarinabidtomakeitsafer.KristyArbogastabioengineerattheChildren’sHospitalofPhiladelphiainPennsylvaniabegantheprojectwithhercolleaguesafterastudyofseriousabdominalinjuriesinchildreninthepast30yearsshowedthatmorethanathirdwerecausedbybicycleaccidents.Thetaskwastoidentifyhowtheinjuriesoccurredandcameupwithsomecountermeasuresshesays.ByinterviewingthechildrenandtheirparentsArbogastandherteamwereabletoreconstructmanyoftheaccidentsandidentifiedacommonmechanismresponsibleforseriousinjures.Theydiscoveredthatmostoccurwhenchildrenhitanobstacleataslowspeedcausingthemtotoppleover.Tomaintaintheirbalancetheyturnthehandlebarsthrough90degrees—buttheirmomentumforcesthemintotheendofthehandlebars.Thebikethenfallsoverandtheotherendofthehandlebarshitsthegroundrammingitintotheirabdomen.Thesolutionthegroupcameupwithisahandgripfittedwithaspringanddampingsystem.Thespringabsorbsupto50percentoftheforcestransmittedthroughthehandlebarsinanimpact.Thegrouphopestocommercializethedevicewhichshouldaddonlyafewdollarstothecostofabike.ButourtaskhasbeenoneofeducationbecauseupuntilnowbicyclemanufacturerwereunawareoftheproblemsaysArbogast.TheteamhasalsoapproachedtheUSConsumerProductSafetyCommissiontotrytopersuademanufacturerstoadoptthenewdesign.Adecisionisexpectedlaterthisyear.handlebarn常用复数自行车等的车把abdominaladj.腹部的redesignv.重新设计bioengineern.生物工程师reconstructvt.重建重构countermeasuren.对策abdomenn.膜腹部momentumn.冲力handgripn.握柄dampingadj.制动的减速的缓冲的commercializevt.使商品化Paragraph3mainlydiscusses______.
SomethingMenDoNotLiketoDoEricBrownhatesshopping.It’sjustnotenjoyabletomesaidthe28-year-old.Chicagomanwhowascarryingseveralshoppingbagsalongthecity’smainstreetMichiganAvenue.WhenI’mout1IbasicallyknowwhatIwanttoget.Irushin.Ibuyit.I2.Commonwisdomsaysthatguyshatetoshop.Youcanaskgenerationsofmen.Butpeoplewhostudyshoppingsaythatanumberofsocialculturalandeconomicfactorsarenow3thismen-hate-to-shopnotion.4socialclassethnicityage—mensaytheyhatetoshopsaysSharonZukinaCityUniversityofNewYorksociologyprofessor.Yetwhenyouaskthemdeeperquestionsitturnsoutthatthey5toshop.Mengenerallyliketoshopfor6musicandhardware.Butifyouaskthemabouttheshoppingtheydoforbooksormusicthey’llsay’Wellthat’snotshopping.That’s7.’Inotherwordswhatmenandwomencallbuyingthingsandhowtheyapproachthattaskare8.Womenwill9throughseveral1000-square-metrestoresinsearchoftheperfectpartydress.Menwillwanderthrough100Internetsitesinsearchofthe10digitalcamcorder.Womenseeshoppingasasocialevent.Menseeitasamissionora11tobewon.MenarefrequentlyshoppingtowinsaysMaryAnnMcGrathamarketingprofessoratLoyolaUniversityofChicago.Theywanttogetthebestdeal.TheywanttogetthebestoneThelastoneandiftheydothatit12themhappy.Whenwomenshopthey’redoingitinawaywheretheywant13tobeveryhappysaysMcGrath.They’rekindofshoppingforlove.Infactitisinclothingwhereweseeamale-female14mostclearly.WhygrumblesomemenareallmaleclothesnavygreyblackorbrownButwouldtheywearLightgreenandpinkThesedaysmanyguyswearasortofuniformsaysPacoUnderhillauthorofWhyWeByeIt’sbeenhardforthemtounderstandwhatitmeanstobefashion-consciousinabusinessway.Itbecomesmuchmucheasierifyou15yourrangeofchoices.grumblen.抱怨发牢骚ethnicityn.种族特点camcordern.摄像放像机
MoreThan8HoursSleepTooMuchofaGoodThingAlthoughthedangersoftoolittlesleeparewidelyknownnewresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhosleeptoomuchmayalsosuffertheconsequences.InvestigatorsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanDiegofoundthatpeoplewhoclockup9or10hourseachweeknightappeartohavemoretroublefallingandstayingasleepaswellasanumberofothersleepproblemsthanpeoplewhosleep8hoursanight.Peoplewhosleptonly7hourseachnightalsosaidtheyhadmoretroublefallingasleepandfeelingrefreshedafteranight’ssleepthan8-hoursleepers.ThesefindingswhichDLDanielKripkereportedinthejournalPsychosomaticMedicinedemonstratethatpeoplewhowanttogetagoodnight’srestmaynotneedtosetasidemorethan8hoursanight.Headdedthatitmightbeagoodideaforpeoplewhosleepmorethan8hourseachnighttoconsiderreducingtheamountoftimetheyspendinbedbutcautionedthatmoreresearchisneededtoconfirmthis.Previousstudieshaveshownthepotentialdangersofchronicshortagesofsleep—forinstanceonereportdemonstratedthatpeoplewhohabituallysleeplessthan7hourseachnighthaveahigherriskofdyingwithinafixedperiodthanpeoplewhosleepmore.ForthecurrentreportKripkereviewedtheresponsesof1004adultstosleepquestionnairesinwhichparticipantsindicatedhowmuchtheysleptduringtheweekandwhethertheyexperiencedanysleepproblems.Sleepproblemsincludedwakinginthemiddleofthenightarisingearlyinthemorningandbeingunabletofallbacktosleepandhavingfatigueinterferewithday-to-dayfunctioning.Kripkefoundthatpeoplewhosleptbetween9and10hourseachnightweremorelikelytoreportexperiencingeachsleepproblemthanpeoplewhoslept8hours.InaninterviewKripkenotedthatlongsleepersmaystruggletogetrestatnightsimplybecausetheyspendtoomuchtimeinbed.Asevidenceheaddedthatonewaytohelpinsomniaistospendlesstimeinbed.Itstandstoreasonthatifapersonspendstoolongatimeinbedthenthey’llspendahigherpercentageoftimeawake.hesaid.Paragraph5______
Successfulleadersdominateeventsratherthanreacttothem.
MoreThan8HoursSleepTooMuchofaGoodThingAlthoughthedangersoftoolittlesleeparewidelyknownnewresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhosleeptoomuchmayalsosuffertheconsequences.InvestigatorsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanDiegofoundthatpeoplewhoclockup9or10hourseachweeknightappeartohavemoretroublefallingandstayingasleepaswellasanumberofothersleepproblemsthanpeoplewhosleep8hoursanight.Peoplewhosleptonly7hourseachnightalsosaidtheyhadmoretroublefallingasleepandfeelingrefreshedafteranight’ssleepthan8-hoursleepers.ThesefindingswhichDLDanielKripkereportedinthejournalPsychosomaticMedicinedemonstratethatpeoplewhowanttogetagoodnight’srestmaynotneedtosetasidemorethan8hoursanight.Headdedthatitmightbeagoodideaforpeoplewhosleepmorethan8hourseachnighttoconsiderreducingtheamountoftimetheyspendinbedbutcautionedthatmoreresearchisneededtoconfirmthis.Previousstudieshaveshownthepotentialdangersofchronicshortagesofsleep—forinstanceonereportdemonstratedthatpeoplewhohabituallysleeplessthan7hourseachnighthaveahigherriskofdyingwithinafixedperiodthanpeoplewhosleepmore.ForthecurrentreportKripkereviewedtheresponsesof1004adultstosleepquestionnairesinwhichparticipantsindicatedhowmuchtheysleptduringtheweekandwhethertheyexperiencedanysleepproblems.Sleepproblemsincludedwakinginthemiddleofthenightarisingearlyinthemorningandbeingunabletofallbacktosleepandhavingfatigueinterferewithday-to-dayfunctioning.Kripkefoundthatpeoplewhosleptbetween9and10hourseachnightweremorelikelytoreportexperiencingeachsleepproblemthanpeoplewhoslept8hours.InaninterviewKripkenotedthatlongsleepersmaystruggletogetrestatnightsimplybecausetheyspendtoomuchtimeinbed.Asevidenceheaddedthatonewaytohelpinsomniaistospendlesstimeinbed.Itstandstoreasonthatifapersonspendstoolongatimeinbedthenthey’llspendahigherpercentageoftimeawake.hesaid.Paragraph2______A.Kripike’sresearchtool.B.Dangersofhabitualshortagesofsleep.C.CriticismonKripke’sreport.D.Awayofovercominginsomnia.E.Sleepproblemsoflongandshortsleepers.F.Classificationofsleepproblems.
WhyDoPeopleShrinkDidyoueverseethemovieHoneylshrunkthekidsIt’saboutawackydadwho’salsoascientistwhoaccidentallyshrinkshiskidswithhishomemademiniaturizinginvention.Oops!1Forolderpeopleshrinkingisn’tthatdramaticorsuddenatall.Ittakesplaceoveryearsandmayadduptoonlyoneinchorsooffoftheiradultheightmaybealittlemoremaybelessandthiskindofshrinkingcan’tbemagicallyreversedalthoughtherearethingsthatcanbedonetostopitorslowitdown.2Thereareafewreasons.Aspeoplegetoldertheygenerallylosesomemuscleandfatfromtheirbodiesaspartofthenaturalagingprocess.Gravitytheforcethatkeepsyourfeetonthegroundtakeholdandthebonesinthespinecalledvertebraemaybreakdownordegenerateandstarttocollapseintooneanother.3.Butperhapsthemostcommonreasonwhysomeolderpeopleshrinkisbecauseofosteoporosis.Osteoporosisoccurswhentoomuchspongybonetissuewhichisfoundinsideofmostbonesisbrokendownandnotenoughnewbonematerialismade.4.Bonesbecomesmallerandweakerandcaneasilybreakifsomeonewithoste6porosisisinjured.Olderpeople—especiallywomenwhogenerallyhavesmallerandlighterbonestobeginwith—aremorelikelytodeveloposteoporosis.Asyearsgobyapersonwithosteoporosisshrinksalittlebit.DidyouknowthateverydayyoudoashrinkingactYouaren’tastallattheendofthedayasyouareatthebeginning.That’sbecauseasthedaygoesonwaterinthedisksofthespinegetscompressedsqueezedduetogravitymakingyoujustatinybitshorter.Don’tworrythough.5A.Theyenduppressingclosertogetherwhichmakesapersonlosealittleheightandbecomeshorter.B.Onceyougetagoodnight’srestyourbodyrecoversandthenextmorningyou’restandingtallagain.C.Overtimeboneissaidtobelostbecauseit’snotbeingreplaced.D.Luckilytherearethingsthatpeoplecandotopreventshrinking.E.Thekidsspendtherestofthemovieastinypeoplewhoarebarelyvisiblewhiletryingtogetbacktotheirnormalsize.F.Butwhydoesshrinkinghappenatall
CommonProblemsCommonSolutionsThechancesarethatyoumadeupyourmindaboutsmokingalongtimeago—anddecidedit’snotforyou.Thechancesareequallygoodthatyouknowalotofsmokers—thereareafterallabout60millionofthemworkwiththemandgetalongwiththemverywell.Andfinallyit’saprettysafebetthatyou’reopen-mindedandinterestedinallthevariousissuesaboutsmokersandnonsmokers—oryouwouldn’tbereadingthis.Andthosethreethingsmakeyouincrediblyimportanttoday.Becausetheymeanthatyoursisthevoice—notthesmoker’sandnottheanti-smoker’s—thatwilldeterminehowmuchofsociety’seffortsshouldgointobuildingwallsthatseparateusandhowmuchintothesearchforsolutionsthatbringustogether.Foronetragicresultoftheemphasisonbuildingwallsisthediversionofmillionsofdollarsfromscientificresearchonthecausesandcuresofdiseaseswhichwhenallissaidanddonestillstrikethenonsmokeraswellasthesmoker.Oneprominenthealthorganizationtocitebutasingleinstancenowspends28centsofeverypubliclycontributeddollaroneducationmuchofitinand-smokingpropagandaandonly2centsonresearch.Therewillalwaysbesomewhowanttobuildwallswhowanttoseparatepeoplefrompeopleanduptoapointeventhesemayservesociety.Theanti-smokingwall-buildershavetogivethemtheirduehelpedtomakeusallmorekeenlyawareofchoice.Butourguessandcertainlyourhopeisthatyouareamongthefargreatestnumberwhoknowthatwallsareonlytemporaryatbestandthatoverthelongrunwecanservesociety’sinterestbetterbyworkingtogetherinmutualaccommodation.Whatevervirtuewailsmayhavetheycannevermoveoursocietytowardfundamentalsolutions.Peoplewhoworktogetheroncommonproblemscommonsolutionscan.Asissuggestedthecommonsolutiontothecommonproblemis______.
TechnologyTransferinGermanyWhenitcomestotranslatingbasicresearchintoindustrialsuccessfewnationscanmatchGermany.Sincethe1940sthenation’svastindustrialbasehasbeenfedwithaconstantstreamofnewideasandexpertisefromscience.AndthoughGermanprosperity繁荣hasfaltered衰退overthepastdecadebecauseofthehugecostofunifyingeastandwestaswellastheglobaleconomicdeclineitstillhasanenviable令人羡慕recordforminingideasintoprofit.MuchofthereasonforthatsuccessistheFraunhoferSocietyanetworkofresearchinstitutesthatexistssolelytosolveindustrialproblemsandcreatesought-aftertechnologies.ButtodaytheFraunhoferinstituteshavecompetition.Universitiesaretakinganeverlargerroleintechnologytransferandtechnologyparksarespringingupallover.Theseeffortsarebeingcomplementedbythefederalprogramsforpumpingmoneyintostart-upcompanies.Suchastrategymaysoundlikearecipeforeconomicsuccessbutitisnotwithoutitscritics.Thesepeopleworrythatfavoringappliedresearchwillmeanneglectingbasicscienceeventuallystarvingindustryoffleshideas.Ifeveryscientiststartsthinkinglikeanentrepreneur企业家theargumentgoesthenthetraditionalprinciplesofuniversityresearchbeingcuriosity-driven:freeandwidelyavailablewillsuffer.Othersclaimthatmanyoftheprogramstopromotetechnologytransferareawasteofmoneybecausehalfthesmallbusinessesthatarepromotedareboundtogobankruptwithinafewyears.WhilethisdebatecontinuesnewideasflowatasteadyratefromGermany’sresearchnetworkswhichbearfamousnamessuchasHelmholtzMaxPlanckandLeibniz.YetitisthefourthnetworktheFraunhoferSocietythatplaysthegreatestroleintechnologytransfer.Foundedin1949theFraunhoferSocietyisnowEurope’slargestorganizationforappliedtechnologyandhas59institutesemploying12000people.Itcontinuestogrow.LastyearitswalloweduptheHeinrichHertzInstituteforCommunicationTechnologyinBedimTodaythereareevenFraunhofersintheUSandAsia.TheFrannhoferSocietyisthelargestorganizationforappliedtechnologyin______.
SomethingMenDoNotLiketoDoEricBrownhatesshopping.It’sjustnotenjoyabletomesaidthe28-year-old.Chicagomanwhowascarryingseveralshoppingbagsalongthecity’smainstreetMichiganAvenue.WhenI’mout1IbasicallyknowwhatIwanttoget.Irushin.Ibuyit.I2.Commonwisdomsaysthatguyshatetoshop.Youcanaskgenerationsofmen.Butpeoplewhostudyshoppingsaythatanumberofsocialculturalandeconomicfactorsarenow3thismen-hate-to-shopnotion.4socialclassethnicityage—mensaytheyhatetoshopsaysSharonZukinaCityUniversityofNewYorksociologyprofessor.Yetwhenyouaskthemdeeperquestionsitturnsoutthatthey5toshop.Mengenerallyliketoshopfor6musicandhardware.Butifyouaskthemabouttheshoppingtheydoforbooksormusicthey’llsay’Wellthat’snotshopping.That’s7.’Inotherwordswhatmenandwomencallbuyingthingsandhowtheyapproachthattaskare8.Womenwill9throughseveral1000-square-metrestoresinsearchoftheperfectpartydress.Menwillwanderthrough100Internetsitesinsearchofthe10digitalcamcorder.Womenseeshoppingasasocialevent.Menseeitasamissionora11tobewon.MenarefrequentlyshoppingtowinsaysMaryAnnMcGrathamarketingprofessoratLoyolaUniversityofChicago.Theywanttogetthebestdeal.TheywanttogetthebestoneThelastoneandiftheydothatit12themhappy.Whenwomenshopthey’redoingitinawaywheretheywant13tobeveryhappysaysMcGrath.They’rekindofshoppingforlove.Infactitisinclothingwhereweseeamale-female14mostclearly.WhygrumblesomemenareallmaleclothesnavygreyblackorbrownButwouldtheywearLightgreenandpinkThesedaysmanyguyswearasortofuniformsaysPacoUnderhillauthorofWhyWeByeIt’sbeenhardforthemtounderstandwhatitmeanstobefashion-consciousinabusinessway.Itbecomesmuchmucheasierifyou15yourrangeofchoices.grumblen.抱怨发牢骚ethnicityn.种族特点camcordern.摄像放像机
TechnologyTransferinGermanyWhenitcomestotranslatingbasicresearchintoindustrialsuccessfewnationscanmatchGermany.Sincethe1940sthenation’svastindustrialbasehasbeenfedwithaconstantstreamofnewideasandexpertisefromscience.AndthoughGermanprosperity繁荣hasfaltered衰退overthepastdecadebecauseofthehugecostofunifyingeastandwestaswellastheglobaleconomicdeclineitstillhasanenviable令人羡慕recordforminingideasintoprofit.MuchofthereasonforthatsuccessistheFraunhoferSocietyanetworkofresearchinstitutesthatexistssolelytosolveindustrialproblemsandcreatesought-aftertechnologies.ButtodaytheFraunhoferinstituteshavecompetition.Universitiesaretakinganeverlargerroleintechnologytransferandtechnologyparksarespringingupallover.Theseeffortsarebeingcomplementedbythefederalprogramsforpumpingmoneyintostart-upcompanies.Suchastrategymaysoundlikearecipeforeconomicsuccessbutitisnotwithoutitscritics.Thesepeopleworrythatfavoringappliedresearchwillmeanneglectingbasicscienceeventuallystarvingindustryoffleshideas.Ifeveryscientiststartsthinkinglikeanentrepreneur企业家theargumentgoesthenthetraditionalprinciplesofuniversityresearchbeingcuriosity-driven:freeandwidelyavailablewillsuffer.Othersclaimthatmanyoftheprogramstopromotetechnologytransferareawasteofmoneybecausehalfthesmallbusinessesthatarepromotedareboundtogobankruptwithinafewyears.WhilethisdebatecontinuesnewideasflowatasteadyratefromGermany’sresearchnetworkswhichbearfamousnamessuchasHelmholtzMaxPlanckandLeibniz.YetitisthefourthnetworktheFraunhoferSocietythatplaysthegreatestroleintechnologytransfer.Foundedin1949theFraunhoferSocietyisnowEurope’slargestorganizationforappliedtechnologyandhas59institutesemploying12000people.Itcontinuestogrow.LastyearitswalloweduptheHeinrichHertzInstituteforCommunicationTechnologyinBedimTodaythereareevenFraunhofersintheUSandAsia.Thewordexpertiseinline3couldbebestreplacedby______.
WhyDoPeopleShrinkDidyoueverseethemovieHoneylshrunkthekidsIt’saboutawackydadwho’salsoascientistwhoaccidentallyshrinkshiskidswithhishomemademiniaturizinginvention.Oops!1Forolderpeopleshrinkingisn’tthatdramaticorsuddenatall.Ittakesplaceoveryearsandmayadduptoonlyoneinchorsooffoftheiradultheightmaybealittlemoremaybelessandthiskindofshrinkingcan’tbemagicallyreversedalthoughtherearethingsthatcanbedonetostopitorslowitdown.2Thereareafewreasons.Aspeoplegetoldertheygenerallylosesomemuscleandfatfromtheirbodiesaspartofthenaturalagingprocess.Gravitytheforcethatkeepsyourfeetonthegroundtakeholdandthebonesinthespinecalledvertebraemaybreakdownordegenerateandstarttocollapseintooneanother.3.Butperhapsthemostcommonreasonwhysomeolderpeopleshrinkisbecauseofosteoporosis.Osteoporosisoccurswhentoomuchspongybonetissuewhichisfoundinsideofmostbonesisbrokendownandnotenoughnewbonematerialismade.4.Bonesbecomesmallerandweakerandcaneasilybreakifsomeonewithoste6porosisisinjured.Olderpeople—especiallywomenwhogenerallyhavesmallerandlighterbonestobeginwith—aremorelikelytodeveloposteoporosis.Asyearsgobyapersonwithosteoporosisshrinksalittlebit.DidyouknowthateverydayyoudoashrinkingactYouaren’tastallattheendofthedayasyouareatthebeginning.That’sbecauseasthedaygoesonwaterinthedisksofthespinegetscompressedsqueezedduetogravitymakingyoujustatinybitshorter.Don’tworrythough.5A.Theyenduppressingclosertogetherwhichmakesapersonlosealittleheightandbecomeshorter.B.Onceyougetagoodnight’srestyourbodyrecoversandthenextmorningyou’restandingtallagain.C.Overtimeboneissaidtobelostbecauseit’snotbeingreplaced.D.Luckilytherearethingsthatpeoplecandotopreventshrinking.E.Thekidsspendtherestofthemovieastinypeoplewhoarebarelyvisiblewhiletryingtogetbacktotheirnormalsize.F.Butwhydoesshrinkinghappenatall
Thisbookembracesmanysubjects.
Yourcompassandclockarethemostessentialinstrumentsinsailing.
AmericanSportsTheUnitedStatesisasports-lovingnation.SportsinAmericatakeavarietyofforms:organizedcompetitivestruggleswhichdrawhugecrowdstocheertheirfavoriteteamtovictory;athleticgamesplayedforrecreationanywheresufficientspaceisfound;andhuntingandfishing.Mostsportsareseasonalsothatwhatishappeninginsportsdependsuponthetimeofyear.Somesportsarecalledspectatorsportsasthenumberofspectatorsgreatlyexceedsthenumberplayinginthegame.BaseballisthemostpopularsportintheUS.Itisplayedthroughoutthespringandsummerandprofessionalbaseballteamsplaywellintothefall.AlthoughnoothergameisexactlylikebaseballperhapstheonemostnearlylikeitistheEnglishgameofcricket.Footballisthemostpopularsportinthefall.Thegameoriginatedasacollegesportmorethan75yearsago.Itisstillplayedbyalmosteverycollegeanduniversityinthecountryandthefootballstadiumsofsomeofthelargestuniversitiesseatasmanyas80000people.ThegameisnotthesameasEuropeanfootballorsoccer.InAmericanfootballthereare11playersoneachteamandtheyaredressedinpaddeduniformsandhelmetsbecausethegameisroughandinjuriesarelikelytooccur.BasketballisthewintersportinAmericanschoolsandcolleges.LikefootballbasketballoriginatedintheUSandisnotpopularinothercountries.ManyAmericanspreferittofootballbecauseitisplayedindoorsthroughoutthewinterandbecauseitisafastergame.Itisaverypopulargamewithhighschoolsandinmorethan20statesstate-widehighschoolmatchesareheldyearly.Otherspectatorsportsincludewrestlingboxingandhorseracing.Althoughhorse-racingfanscallthemselvessportsmentheaccuracyofthetermisquestionableasonlythejockeyswhoridethehorsesintheracescanbeconsideredathletes.Theso-calledsportsmenarethespectatorswhodonotassembleprimarilytoseethehorsesracebuttobetupontheoutcomeofeachrace.Gamblingistheattractionofhorseracing.Footballcanbeclassifiedasaspectatorsport.
SomethingMenDoNotLiketoDoEricBrownhatesshopping.It’sjustnotenjoyabletomesaidthe28-year-old.Chicagomanwhowascarryingseveralshoppingbagsalongthecity’smainstreetMichiganAvenue.WhenI’mout1IbasicallyknowwhatIwanttoget.Irushin.Ibuyit.I2.Commonwisdomsaysthatguyshatetoshop.Youcanaskgenerationsofmen.Butpeoplewhostudyshoppingsaythatanumberofsocialculturalandeconomicfactorsarenow3thismen-hate-to-shopnotion.4socialclassethnicityage—mensaytheyhatetoshopsaysSharonZukinaCityUniversityofNewYorksociologyprofessor.Yetwhenyouaskthemdeeperquestionsitturnsoutthatthey5toshop.Mengenerallyliketoshopfor6musicandhardware.Butifyouaskthemabouttheshoppingtheydoforbooksormusicthey’llsay’Wellthat’snotshopping.That’s7.’Inotherwordswhatmenandwomencallbuyingthingsandhowtheyapproachthattaskare8.Womenwill9throughseveral1000-square-metrestoresinsearchoftheperfectpartydress.Menwillwanderthrough100Internetsitesinsearchofthe10digitalcamcorder.Womenseeshoppingasasocialevent.Menseeitasamissionora11tobewon.MenarefrequentlyshoppingtowinsaysMaryAnnMcGrathamarketingprofessoratLoyolaUniversityofChicago.Theywanttogetthebestdeal.TheywanttogetthebestoneThelastoneandiftheydothatit12themhappy.Whenwomenshopthey’redoingitinawaywheretheywant13tobeveryhappysaysMcGrath.They’rekindofshoppingforlove.Infactitisinclothingwhereweseeamale-female14mostclearly.WhygrumblesomemenareallmaleclothesnavygreyblackorbrownButwouldtheywearLightgreenandpinkThesedaysmanyguyswearasortofuniformsaysPacoUnderhillauthorofWhyWeByeIt’sbeenhardforthemtounderstandwhatitmeanstobefashion-consciousinabusinessway.Itbecomesmuchmucheasierifyou15yourrangeofchoices.grumblen.抱怨发牢骚ethnicityn.种族特点camcordern.摄像放像机
MoreThan8HoursSleepTooMuchofaGoodThingAlthoughthedangersoftoolittlesleeparewidelyknownnewresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhosleeptoomuchmayalsosuffertheconsequences.InvestigatorsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanDiegofoundthatpeoplewhoclockup9or10hourseachweeknightappeartohavemoretroublefallingandstayingasleepaswellasanumberofothersleepproblemsthanpeoplewhosleep8hoursanight.Peoplewhosleptonly7hourseachnightalsosaidtheyhadmoretroublefallingasleepandfeelingrefreshedafteranight’ssleepthan8-hoursleepers.ThesefindingswhichDLDanielKripkereportedinthejournalPsychosomaticMedicinedemonstratethatpeoplewhowanttogetagoodnight’srestmaynotneedtosetasidemorethan8hoursanight.Headdedthatitmightbeagoodideaforpeoplewhosleepmorethan8hourseachnighttoconsiderreducingtheamountoftimetheyspendinbedbutcautionedthatmoreresearchisneededtoconfirmthis.Previousstudieshaveshownthepotentialdangersofchronicshortagesofsleep—forinstanceonereportdemonstratedthatpeoplewhohabituallysleeplessthan7hourseachnighthaveahigherriskofdyingwithinafixedperiodthanpeoplewhosleepmore.ForthecurrentreportKripkereviewedtheresponsesof1004adultstosleepquestionnairesinwhichparticipantsindicatedhowmuchtheysleptduringtheweekandwhethertheyexperiencedanysleepproblems.Sleepproblemsincludedwakinginthemiddleofthenightarisingearlyinthemorningandbeingunabletofallbacktosleepandhavingfatigueinterferewithday-to-dayfunctioning.Kripkefoundthatpeoplewhosleptbetween9and10hourseachnightweremorelikelytoreportexperiencingeachsleepproblemthanpeoplewhoslept8hours.InaninterviewKripkenotedthatlongsleepersmaystruggletogetrestatnightsimplybecausetheyspendtoomuchtimeinbed.Asevidenceheaddedthatonewaytohelpinsomniaistospendlesstimeinbed.Itstandstoreasonthatifapersonspendstoolongatimeinbedthenthey’llspendahigherpercentageoftimeawake.hesaid.Togetagoodnight’srestpeoplemaynotneedto______.A.fallasleepagainB.becomemoreenergeticthefollowingdayC.sleeplessthan7hoursD.confirmthoseseriousconsequencesE.suffersleepproblemsF.sleepmorethan8hours
SomethingMenDoNotLiketoDoEricBrownhatesshopping.It’sjustnotenjoyabletomesaidthe28-year-old.Chicagomanwhowascarryingseveralshoppingbagsalongthecity’smainstreetMichiganAvenue.WhenI’mout1IbasicallyknowwhatIwanttoget.Irushin.Ibuyit.I2.Commonwisdomsaysthatguyshatetoshop.Youcanaskgenerationsofmen.Butpeoplewhostudyshoppingsaythatanumberofsocialculturalandeconomicfactorsarenow3thismen-hate-to-shopnotion.4socialclassethnicityage—mensaytheyhatetoshopsaysSharonZukinaCityUniversityofNewYorksociologyprofessor.Yetwhenyouaskthemdeeperquestionsitturnsoutthatthey5toshop.Mengenerallyliketoshopfor6musicandhardware.Butifyouaskthemabouttheshoppingtheydoforbooksormusicthey’llsay’Wellthat’snotshopping.That’s7.’Inotherwordswhatmenandwomencallbuyingthingsandhowtheyapproachthattaskare8.Womenwill9throughseveral1000-square-metrestoresinsearchoftheperfectpartydress.Menwillwanderthrough100Internetsitesinsearchofthe10digitalcamcorder.Womenseeshoppingasasocialevent.Menseeitasamissionora11tobewon.MenarefrequentlyshoppingtowinsaysMaryAnnMcGrathamarketingprofessoratLoyolaUniversityofChicago.Theywanttogetthebestdeal.TheywanttogetthebestoneThelastoneandiftheydothatit12themhappy.Whenwomenshopthey’redoingitinawaywheretheywant13tobeveryhappysaysMcGrath.They’rekindofshoppingforlove.Infactitisinclothingwhereweseeamale-female14mostclearly.WhygrumblesomemenareallmaleclothesnavygreyblackorbrownButwouldtheywearLightgreenandpinkThesedaysmanyguyswearasortofuniformsaysPacoUnderhillauthorofWhyWeByeIt’sbeenhardforthemtounderstandwhatitmeanstobefashion-consciousinabusinessway.Itbecomesmuchmucheasierifyou15yourrangeofchoices.grumblen.抱怨发牢骚ethnicityn.种族特点camcordern.摄像放像机
AmericanSportsTheUnitedStatesisasports-lovingnation.SportsinAmericatakeavarietyofforms:organizedcompetitivestruggleswhichdrawhugecrowdstocheertheirfavoriteteamtovictory;athleticgamesplayedforrecreationanywheresufficientspaceisfound;andhuntingandfishing.Mostsportsareseasonalsothatwhatishappeninginsportsdependsuponthetimeofyear.Somesportsarecalledspectatorsportsasthenumberofspectatorsgreatlyexceedsthenumberplayinginthegame.BaseballisthemostpopularsportintheUS.Itisplayedthroughoutthespringandsummerandprofessionalbaseballteamsplaywellintothefall.AlthoughnoothergameisexactlylikebaseballperhapstheonemostnearlylikeitistheEnglishgameofcricket.Footballisthemostpopularsportinthefall.Thegameoriginatedasacollegesportmorethan75yearsago.Itisstillplayedbyalmosteverycollegeanduniversityinthecountryandthefootballstadiumsofsomeofthelargestuniversitiesseatasmanyas80000people.ThegameisnotthesameasEuropeanfootballorsoccer.InAmericanfootballthereare11playersoneachteamandtheyaredressedinpaddeduniformsandhelmetsbecausethegameisroughandinjuriesarelikelytooccur.BasketballisthewintersportinAmericanschoolsandcolleges.LikefootballbasketballoriginatedintheUSandisnotpopularinothercountries.ManyAmericanspreferittofootballbecauseitisplayedindoorsthroughoutthewinterandbecauseitisafastergame.Itisaverypopulargamewithhighschoolsandinmorethan20statesstate-widehighschoolmatchesareheldyearly.Otherspectatorsportsincludewrestlingboxingandhorseracing.Althoughhorse-racingfanscallthemselvessportsmentheaccuracyofthetermisquestionableasonlythejockeyswhoridethehorsesintheracescanbeconsideredathletes.Theso-calledsportsmenarethespectatorswhodonotassembleprimarilytoseethehorsesracebuttobetupontheoutcomeofeachrace.Gamblingistheattractionofhorseracing.Professionalbaseballteamscancontinuetoplayforalongperiodoftimeinthefallaftertheregularbaseballseasonsofspringandsummer.
SomethingMenDoNotLiketoDoEricBrownhatesshopping.It’sjustnotenjoyabletomesaidthe28-year-old.Chicagomanwhowascarryingseveralshoppingbagsalongthecity’smainstreetMichiganAvenue.WhenI’mout1IbasicallyknowwhatIwanttoget.Irushin.Ibuyit.I2.Commonwisdomsaysthatguyshatetoshop.Youcanaskgenerationsofmen.Butpeoplewhostudyshoppingsaythatanumberofsocialculturalandeconomicfactorsarenow3thismen-hate-to-shopnotion.4socialclassethnicityage—mensaytheyhatetoshopsaysSharonZukinaCityUniversityofNewYorksociologyprofessor.Yetwhenyouaskthemdeeperquestionsitturnsoutthatthey5toshop.Mengenerallyliketoshopfor6musicandhardware.Butifyouaskthemabouttheshoppingtheydoforbooksormusicthey’llsay’Wellthat’snotshopping.That’s7.’Inotherwordswhatmenandwomencallbuyingthingsandhowtheyapproachthattaskare8.Womenwill9throughseveral1000-square-metrestoresinsearchoftheperfectpartydress.Menwillwanderthrough100Internetsitesinsearchofthe10digitalcamcorder.Womenseeshoppingasasocialevent.Menseeitasamissionora11tobewon.MenarefrequentlyshoppingtowinsaysMaryAnnMcGrathamarketingprofessoratLoyolaUniversityofChicago.Theywanttogetthebestdeal.TheywanttogetthebestoneThelastoneandiftheydothatit12themhappy.Whenwomenshopthey’redoingitinawaywheretheywant13tobeveryhappysaysMcGrath.They’rekindofshoppingforlove.Infactitisinclothingwhereweseeamale-female14mostclearly.WhygrumblesomemenareallmaleclothesnavygreyblackorbrownButwouldtheywearLightgreenandpinkThesedaysmanyguyswearasortofuniformsaysPacoUnderhillauthorofWhyWeByeIt’sbeenhardforthemtounderstandwhatitmeanstobefashion-consciousinabusinessway.Itbecomesmuchmucheasierifyou15yourrangeofchoices.grumblen.抱怨发牢骚ethnicityn.种族特点camcordern.摄像放像机
MoreThan8HoursSleepTooMuchofaGoodThingAlthoughthedangersoftoolittlesleeparewidelyknownnewresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhosleeptoomuchmayalsosuffertheconsequences.InvestigatorsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanDiegofoundthatpeoplewhoclockup9or10hourseachweeknightappeartohavemoretroublefallingandstayingasleepaswellasanumberofothersleepproblemsthanpeoplewhosleep8hoursanight.Peoplewhosleptonly7hourseachnightalsosaidtheyhadmoretroublefallingasleepandfeelingrefreshedafteranight’ssleepthan8-hoursleepers.ThesefindingswhichDLDanielKripkereportedinthejournalPsychosomaticMedicinedemonstratethatpeoplewhowanttogetagoodnight’srestmaynotneedtosetasidemorethan8hoursanight.Headdedthatitmightbeagoodideaforpeoplewhosleepmorethan8hourseachnighttoconsiderreducingtheamountoftimetheyspendinbedbutcautionedthatmoreresearchisneededtoconfirmthis.Previousstudieshaveshownthepotentialdangersofchronicshortagesofsleep—forinstanceonereportdemonstratedthatpeoplewhohabituallysleeplessthan7hourseachnighthaveahigherriskofdyingwithinafixedperiodthanpeoplewhosleepmore.ForthecurrentreportKripkereviewedtheresponsesof1004adultstosleepquestionnairesinwhichparticipantsindicatedhowmuchtheysleptduringtheweekandwhethertheyexperiencedanysleepproblems.Sleepproblemsincludedwakinginthemiddleofthenightarisingearlyinthemorningandbeingunabletofallbacktosleepandhavingfatigueinterferewithday-to-dayfunctioning.Kripkefoundthatpeoplewhosleptbetween9and10hourseachnightweremorelikelytoreportexperiencingeachsleepproblemthanpeoplewhoslept8hours.InaninterviewKripkenotedthatlongsleepersmaystruggletogetrestatnightsimplybecausetheyspendtoomuchtimeinbed.Asevidenceheaddedthatonewaytohelpinsomniaistospendlesstimeinbed.Itstandstoreasonthatifapersonspendstoolongatimeinbedthenthey’llspendahigherpercentageoftimeawake.hesaid.Oneofthesleepproblemsiswakinginthemiddleofthenightunableto______.
PushbikePerilLowspeedbicyclecrashescanbadlyinjure—orevenkill—childreniftheyfallontotheendsofthehandlebarssoateamofengineersisredesigningthehumblehandlebarinabidtomakeitsafer.KristyArbogastabioengineerattheChildren’sHospitalofPhiladelphiainPennsylvaniabegantheprojectwithhercolleaguesafterastudyofseriousabdominalinjuriesinchildreninthepast30yearsshowedthatmorethanathirdwerecausedbybicycleaccidents.Thetaskwastoidentifyhowtheinjuriesoccurredandcameupwithsomecountermeasuresshesays.ByinterviewingthechildrenandtheirparentsArbogastandherteamwereabletoreconstructmanyoftheaccidentsandidentifiedacommonmechanismresponsibleforseriousinjures.Theydiscoveredthatmostoccurwhenchildrenhitanobstacleataslowspeedcausingthemtotoppleover.Tomaintaintheirbalancetheyturnthehandlebarsthrough90degrees—buttheirmomentumforcesthemintotheendofthehandlebars.Thebikethenfallsoverandtheotherendofthehandlebarshitsthegroundrammingitintotheirabdomen.Thesolutionthegroupcameupwithisahandgripfittedwithaspringanddampingsystem.Thespringabsorbsupto50percentoftheforcestransmittedthroughthehandlebarsinanimpact.Thegrouphopestocommercializethedevicewhichshouldaddonlyafewdollarstothecostofabike.ButourtaskhasbeenoneofeducationbecauseupuntilnowbicyclemanufacturerwereunawareoftheproblemsaysArbogast.TheteamhasalsoapproachedtheUSConsumerProductSafetyCommissiontotrytopersuademanufacturerstoadoptthenewdesign.Adecisionisexpectedlaterthisyear.handlebarn常用复数自行车等的车把abdominaladj.腹部的redesignv.重新设计bioengineern.生物工程师reconstructvt.重建重构countermeasuren.对策abdomenn.膜腹部momentumn.冲力handgripn.握柄dampingadj.制动的减速的缓冲的commercializevt.使商品化Thenewhandgripworksinwhichofthefollowingways
CommonProblemsCommonSolutionsThechancesarethatyoumadeupyourmindaboutsmokingalongtimeago—anddecidedit’snotforyou.Thechancesareequallygoodthatyouknowalotofsmokers—thereareafterallabout60millionofthemworkwiththemandgetalongwiththemverywell.Andfinallyit’saprettysafebetthatyou’reopen-mindedandinterestedinallthevariousissuesaboutsmokersandnonsmokers—oryouwouldn’tbereadingthis.Andthosethreethingsmakeyouincrediblyimportanttoday.Becausetheymeanthatyoursisthevoice—notthesmoker’sandnottheanti-smoker’s—thatwilldeterminehowmuchofsociety’seffortsshouldgointobuildingwallsthatseparateusandhowmuchintothesearchforsolutionsthatbringustogether.Foronetragicresultoftheemphasisonbuildingwallsisthediversionofmillionsofdollarsfromscientificresearchonthecausesandcuresofdiseaseswhichwhenallissaidanddonestillstrikethenonsmokeraswellasthesmoker.Oneprominenthealthorganizationtocitebutasingleinstancenowspends28centsofeverypubliclycontributeddollaroneducationmuchofitinand-smokingpropagandaandonly2centsonresearch.Therewillalwaysbesomewhowanttobuildwallswhowanttoseparatepeoplefrompeopleanduptoapointeventhesemayservesociety.Theanti-smokingwall-buildershavetogivethemtheirduehelpedtomakeusallmorekeenlyawareofchoice.Butourguessandcertainlyourhopeisthatyouareamongthefargreatestnumberwhoknowthatwallsareonlytemporaryatbestandthatoverthelongrunwecanservesociety’sinterestbetterbyworkingtogetherinmutualaccommodation.Whatevervirtuewailsmayhavetheycannevermoveoursocietytowardfundamentalsolutions.Peoplewhoworktogetheroncommonproblemscommonsolutionscan.Inparagraph4yourefersto______.
Ireservethefighttodisagree.
SomethingMenDoNotLiketoDoEricBrownhatesshopping.It’sjustnotenjoyabletomesaidthe28-year-old.Chicagomanwhowascarryingseveralshoppingbagsalongthecity’smainstreetMichiganAvenue.WhenI’mout1IbasicallyknowwhatIwanttoget.Irushin.Ibuyit.I2.Commonwisdomsaysthatguyshatetoshop.Youcanaskgenerationsofmen.Butpeoplewhostudyshoppingsaythatanumberofsocialculturalandeconomicfactorsarenow3thismen-hate-to-shopnotion.4socialclassethnicityage—mensaytheyhatetoshopsaysSharonZukinaCityUniversityofNewYorksociologyprofessor.Yetwhenyouaskthemdeeperquestionsitturnsoutthatthey5toshop.Mengenerallyliketoshopfor6musicandhardware.Butifyouaskthemabouttheshoppingtheydoforbooksormusicthey’llsay’Wellthat’snotshopping.That’s7.’Inotherwordswhatmenandwomencallbuyingthingsandhowtheyapproachthattaskare8.Womenwill9throughseveral1000-square-metrestoresinsearchoftheperfectpartydress.Menwillwanderthrough100Internetsitesinsearchofthe10digitalcamcorder.Womenseeshoppingasasocialevent.Menseeitasamissionora11tobewon.MenarefrequentlyshoppingtowinsaysMaryAnnMcGrathamarketingprofessoratLoyolaUniversityofChicago.Theywanttogetthebestdeal.TheywanttogetthebestoneThelastoneandiftheydothatit12themhappy.Whenwomenshopthey’redoingitinawaywheretheywant13tobeveryhappysaysMcGrath.They’rekindofshoppingforlove.Infactitisinclothingwhereweseeamale-female14mostclearly.WhygrumblesomemenareallmaleclothesnavygreyblackorbrownButwouldtheywearLightgreenandpinkThesedaysmanyguyswearasortofuniformsaysPacoUnderhillauthorofWhyWeByeIt’sbeenhardforthemtounderstandwhatitmeanstobefashion-consciousinabusinessway.Itbecomesmuchmucheasierifyou15yourrangeofchoices.grumblen.抱怨发牢骚ethnicityn.种族特点camcordern.摄像放像机
PushbikePerilLowspeedbicyclecrashescanbadlyinjure—orevenkill—childreniftheyfallontotheendsofthehandlebarssoateamofengineersisredesigningthehumblehandlebarinabidtomakeitsafer.KristyArbogastabioengineerattheChildren’sHospitalofPhiladelphiainPennsylvaniabegantheprojectwithhercolleaguesafterastudyofseriousabdominalinjuriesinchildreninthepast30yearsshowedthatmorethanathirdwerecausedbybicycleaccidents.Thetaskwastoidentifyhowtheinjuriesoccurredandcameupwithsomecountermeasuresshesays.ByinterviewingthechildrenandtheirparentsArbogastandherteamwereabletoreconstructmanyoftheaccidentsandidentifiedacommonmechanismresponsibleforseriousinjures.Theydiscoveredthatmostoccurwhenchildrenhitanobstacleataslowspeedcausingthemtotoppleover.Tomaintaintheirbalancetheyturnthehandlebarsthrough90degrees—buttheirmomentumforcesthemintotheendofthehandlebars.Thebikethenfallsoverandtheotherendofthehandlebarshitsthegroundrammingitintotheirabdomen.Thesolutionthegroupcameupwithisahandgripfittedwithaspringanddampingsystem.Thespringabsorbsupto50percentoftheforcestransmittedthroughthehandlebarsinanimpact.Thegrouphopestocommercializethedevicewhichshouldaddonlyafewdollarstothecostofabike.ButourtaskhasbeenoneofeducationbecauseupuntilnowbicyclemanufacturerwereunawareoftheproblemsaysArbogast.TheteamhasalsoapproachedtheUSConsumerProductSafetyCommissiontotrytopersuademanufacturerstoadoptthenewdesign.Adecisionisexpectedlaterthisyear.handlebarn常用复数自行车等的车把abdominaladj.腹部的redesignv.重新设计bioengineern.生物工程师reconstructvt.重建重构countermeasuren.对策abdomenn.膜腹部momentumn.冲力handgripn.握柄dampingadj.制动的减速的缓冲的commercializevt.使商品化Accordingtothepassagesomeengineersaretryingtoimprovethehandlebarsbecause______.
SomethingMenDoNotLiketoDoEricBrownhatesshopping.It’sjustnotenjoyabletomesaidthe28-year-old.Chicagomanwhowascarryingseveralshoppingbagsalongthecity’smainstreetMichiganAvenue.WhenI’mout1IbasicallyknowwhatIwanttoget.Irushin.Ibuyit.I2.Commonwisdomsaysthatguyshatetoshop.Youcanaskgenerationsofmen.Butpeoplewhostudyshoppingsaythatanumberofsocialculturalandeconomicfactorsarenow3thismen-hate-to-shopnotion.4socialclassethnicityage—mensaytheyhatetoshopsaysSharonZukinaCityUniversityofNewYorksociologyprofessor.Yetwhenyouaskthemdeeperquestionsitturnsoutthatthey5toshop.Mengenerallyliketoshopfor6musicandhardware.Butifyouaskthemabouttheshoppingtheydoforbooksormusicthey’llsay’Wellthat’snotshopping.That’s7.’Inotherwordswhatmenandwomencallbuyingthingsandhowtheyapproachthattaskare8.Womenwill9throughseveral1000-square-metrestoresinsearchoftheperfectpartydress.Menwillwanderthrough100Internetsitesinsearchofthe10digitalcamcorder.Womenseeshoppingasasocialevent.Menseeitasamissionora11tobewon.MenarefrequentlyshoppingtowinsaysMaryAnnMcGrathamarketingprofessoratLoyolaUniversityofChicago.Theywanttogetthebestdeal.TheywanttogetthebestoneThelastoneandiftheydothatit12themhappy.Whenwomenshopthey’redoingitinawaywheretheywant13tobeveryhappysaysMcGrath.They’rekindofshoppingforlove.Infactitisinclothingwhereweseeamale-female14mostclearly.WhygrumblesomemenareallmaleclothesnavygreyblackorbrownButwouldtheywearLightgreenandpinkThesedaysmanyguyswearasortofuniformsaysPacoUnderhillauthorofWhyWeByeIt’sbeenhardforthemtounderstandwhatitmeanstobefashion-consciousinabusinessway.Itbecomesmuchmucheasierifyou15yourrangeofchoices.grumblen.抱怨发牢骚ethnicityn.种族特点camcordern.摄像放像机
SomethingMenDoNotLiketoDoEricBrownhatesshopping.It’sjustnotenjoyabletomesaidthe28-year-old.Chicagomanwhowascarryingseveralshoppingbagsalongthecity’smainstreetMichiganAvenue.WhenI’mout1IbasicallyknowwhatIwanttoget.Irushin.Ibuyit.I2.Commonwisdomsaysthatguyshatetoshop.Youcanaskgenerationsofmen.Butpeoplewhostudyshoppingsaythatanumberofsocialculturalandeconomicfactorsarenow3thismen-hate-to-shopnotion.4socialclassethnicityage—mensaytheyhatetoshopsaysSharonZukinaCityUniversityofNewYorksociologyprofessor.Yetwhenyouaskthemdeeperquestionsitturnsoutthatthey5toshop.Mengenerallyliketoshopfor6musicandhardware.Butifyouaskthemabouttheshoppingtheydoforbooksormusicthey’llsay’Wellthat’snotshopping.That’s7.’Inotherwordswhatmenandwomencallbuyingthingsandhowtheyapproachthattaskare8.Womenwill9throughseveral1000-square-metrestoresinsearchoftheperfectpartydress.Menwillwanderthrough100Internetsitesinsearchofthe10digitalcamcorder.Womenseeshoppingasasocialevent.Menseeitasamissionora11tobewon.MenarefrequentlyshoppingtowinsaysMaryAnnMcGrathamarketingprofessoratLoyolaUniversityofChicago.Theywanttogetthebestdeal.TheywanttogetthebestoneThelastoneandiftheydothatit12themhappy.Whenwomenshopthey’redoingitinawaywheretheywant13tobeveryhappysaysMcGrath.They’rekindofshoppingforlove.Infactitisinclothingwhereweseeamale-female14mostclearly.WhygrumblesomemenareallmaleclothesnavygreyblackorbrownButwouldtheywearLightgreenandpinkThesedaysmanyguyswearasortofuniformsaysPacoUnderhillauthorofWhyWeByeIt’sbeenhardforthemtounderstandwhatitmeanstobefashion-consciousinabusinessway.Itbecomesmuchmucheasierifyou15yourrangeofchoices.grumblen.抱怨发牢骚ethnicityn.种族特点camcordern.摄像放像机
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