首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
46)A "scientific" view of language was dominant among philosophers and linguists who affected to ...
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
国家统考科目《问答集》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
46Ascientificviewoflanguagewasdominantamongphil
46Ascientificviewoflanguagewasdominantamongphil
将amolNa和amolAl一同投入mg足量水中所得溶液密度为dg·㎝－3该溶液的质量分数为
82a /（46a + m）%
82a /（69a + 2m）%
8200a /（46a + m）%
8200a /（69a +2 m）%
Ascientificviewoflanguagewasdominantamongphilos
Inviewofallsortsofrumorsandguessesexpertscarriedou
A. blamed
discounted
attended
charged
46Ascientificviewoflanguagewasdominantamongphil
杂交水稻亲本冈46A是
不育系
保持系
恢复系
自交系
46Ascientificviewoflanguagewasdominantamongphil
46Ascientificviewoflanguagewasdominantamongphil
Frommypointofviewthetheorythat______bythescientist
was risen
brought up
had been raised
was put forward
Inviewofallsortsofrumorsandguessesexpertscarriedou
A. blamed
discounted
attended
charged
46Ascientific’viewoflanguagewasdominantamongphi
46Ascientificviewoflanguagewasdominantamongphil
46Ascientific’viewoflanguagewasdominantamongphi
将amolNa和amolAl一同投入mg足量水中所得溶液密度为dg·㎝－3该溶液的质量分数为
82a /（46a + m）%
82000a /（46a + 2m）%
8200a /（46a + m）%
8200a /（69a +2 m）%
46Ascientific’viewoflanguagewasdominantamongphi
46Ascientificviewoflanguagewasdominantamongphil
46Ascientific’viewoflanguagewasdominantamongphi
Frommypointofviewthetheorythatbythescientistisnotq
was risen
brought up
had been raised
was put forward
46Ascientificviewoflanguagewasdominantamongphil
热门试题
更多
Arsenicanaturallyoccurringpoisonandcarcinogenfoundingroundwaterisstronglylinkedtoadult-onsetdiabetesU.S.researcherssaidonTuesday.Odorlesstastelesscolorlessandeasilysolubleinwaterorwinearsenichaslongbeenafearedpoison.Aheavydoseisdetectableinacorpsebutresearcherssaysmallamountsofarsenicmaysickenpeoplegradually. Dr.AnaNavas-AeienandcolleaguesatJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimorefounda"relativelystrong"associationbetweencommonlyfoundlevelsofarsenicinurineandtype2diabetesinastudyofAmericanadults."Itseemsthereismaybenosafelevelofarsenic."Navas-Aciensaidinatelephoneinterview."Worldwideit’sahugeproblem"shesaid."Aswaterbecomesascarceresource.thesituationbecomesevenmoreserious." ArsenicraisestheriskforcancersofthebladderlungkidneyskinandpossiblytheprostateNavas-Aciensaid.The20percentofnearly800studyparticipantswhohadthemostarsenicintheirbodiesatolerable16.5microgramsperliterofurinehad3.6timestheriskofdevelopinglate-onsetdiabetesthanthoseinthebottom20percentwhohad3microgramsperliter.Levelsofarsenicwere26percenthigherinpeoplewithlate-onsetortype2diabetesthanthosewithoutthediseasethestudyfound. TheU.S.governmentsetsalimitfordrinkingwaterat10microgramsofarsenicperliterwhichisexceededinthewaterconsumedby13millionAmericanswhomostlyliveinruralareasthatrelyonwellstobringupgroundwatertheresearcherswroteintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation.ArseniccontaminatesdrinkingwaterformillionsofpeopleinBangladeshpartsofCentralEuropeChileArgentinaandthewesternUnitedStateswheregroundwateristhesourceofdrinkingwaterandthelandhashigherconcentrationsofarsenic. Overall7.8percentofAmericansarebelievedtohavediabetesalthoughsomedonotknowit.Atleast90percentofcasesarethetype2varietyinwhichthebodylosesitsabilitytouseinsulinproperly.Navas-Aciensaidarsenicmayplayasignificantroleindiabetesincidencebutitisdifficulttosayhowmuch.Arseniccanaccumulateinthebodyandcanruinthebody’sabilitytouseinsulinandperformthevitaltaskofconvertingbloodsugarintoenergy.Normallyinsulinfitsintocellsviamoleculardoorwayscalledreceptorswhichinturnsignalthecelltomoveglucoseinsidebutarsenicentersthecellandsomehowblockstheactivity.Seafoodisanothersourceofarsenicbuttheorganicformfoundinshellfishandsomefishhasacarbonmoleculeattachedandposesnorisktohealthshesaid. Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthefunctionofinsulinisto
Youreallydohavetowonderwhetherafewyearsfromnowwe’lllookbackatthefirstdecadeofthe21stcentury—whenfoodpricesspikedenergypricessoaredworldpopulationsurgedtornadosplowedthroughcitiesfloodsanddroughtssetrecordspopulationsweredisplacedandgovernmentswerethreatenedbytheconfluenceofitall—andaskourselves.WhatwerewethinkingHowdidwenotpanicwhentheevidencewassoobviousthatwe’dcrossedsomegrowthclimatenaturalresourceandpopulationredlinesallatonce"Theonlyanswercanbedenial"arguesPaulGildinganAustralianenvironmentalistinanewbookcalledTheGreatDisruption."Whenyouaresurroundedbysomethingsobigthatrequiresyoutochangeeverythingaboutthewayyouthinkandseetheworldthendenialisthenaturalresponse.Butthelongerwewaitthebiggertheresponserequired." GildingcitestheworkoftheGlobalFootprintNetworkanallianceofscientistswhichcalculateshowmany"planetEarths"weneedtosustainourcurrentgrowthrates.G.F.N.measureshowmuchlandandwaterareaweneedtoproducetheresourcesweconsumeandabsorbourwasteusingprevailingtechnology.OnthewholesaysG.F.N.wearecurrentlygrowingataratethatisusinguptheEarth’sresourcesfarfasterthantheycanbesustainablyreplenishedsoweareeatingintothefuture. Thisisnotsciencefiction.Thisiswhathappenswhenoursystemofgrowthandthesystemofnaturehitthewallatonce.WearenowusingsomanyresourcesandputtingoutsomuchwasteintotheEarththatwehavereachedsomekindoflimitgivencurrenttechnologies.Theeconomyisgoingtohavetogetsmallerintermsofphysicalimpact. Wewillnotchangesystemsthoughwithoutacrisis.Butdon’tworrywe’regettingthere.We’recurrentlycaughtintwoloops:OneisthatmorepopulationgrowthandmoreglobalwarmingtogetherarepushingupfoodpricescausingpoliticalinstabilityintheMiddleEastwhichleadstohigheroilpricesthustohigherfoodpricesandmoreinstability.Atthesametimeimprovedproductivitymeansfewerpeopleareneededineveryfactorytoproducemorestuff.Soifwewanttohavemorejobsweneedmorefactories.Morefactoriesmakingmorestuffmakemoreglobalwarmingandthatiswherethetwoloopsmeet. ButGildingisactuallyaneco-optimist.AstheimpactotheimminentGreatDisruptionhitsushesays"ourresponsewillbeproportionallydramaticmobilizingaswedoinwar.Wewillchangeatascaleandspeedwecanbarelyimaginetodaycompletelytransformingoureconomyincludingourenergyandtransportindustriesinjustafewshortdecades."Wewillrealizehepredictsthattheconsumer-drivengrowthmodelisbrokenandwehavetomovetoamorehappiness-drivengrowthmodelbasedonpeopleworkinglessandowningless. TheauthoragreeswithGildingthat
Arsenicanaturallyoccurringpoisonandcarcinogenfoundingroundwaterisstronglylinkedtoadult-onsetdiabetesU.S.researcherssaidonTuesday.Odorlesstastelesscolorlessandeasilysolubleinwaterorwinearsenichaslongbeenafearedpoison.Aheavydoseisdetectableinacorpsebutresearcherssaysmallamountsofarsenicmaysickenpeoplegradually. Dr.AnaNavas-AeienandcolleaguesatJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimorefounda"relativelystrong"associationbetweencommonlyfoundlevelsofarsenicinurineandtype2diabetesinastudyofAmericanadults."Itseemsthereismaybenosafelevelofarsenic."Navas-Aciensaidinatelephoneinterview."Worldwideit’sahugeproblem"shesaid."Aswaterbecomesascarceresource.thesituationbecomesevenmoreserious." ArsenicraisestheriskforcancersofthebladderlungkidneyskinandpossiblytheprostateNavas-Aciensaid.The20percentofnearly800studyparticipantswhohadthemostarsenicintheirbodiesatolerable16.5microgramsperliterofurinehad3.6timestheriskofdevelopinglate-onsetdiabetesthanthoseinthebottom20percentwhohad3microgramsperliter.Levelsofarsenicwere26percenthigherinpeoplewithlate-onsetortype2diabetesthanthosewithoutthediseasethestudyfound. TheU.S.governmentsetsalimitfordrinkingwaterat10microgramsofarsenicperliterwhichisexceededinthewaterconsumedby13millionAmericanswhomostlyliveinruralareasthatrelyonwellstobringupgroundwatertheresearcherswroteintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation.ArseniccontaminatesdrinkingwaterformillionsofpeopleinBangladeshpartsofCentralEuropeChileArgentinaandthewesternUnitedStateswheregroundwateristhesourceofdrinkingwaterandthelandhashigherconcentrationsofarsenic. Overall7.8percentofAmericansarebelievedtohavediabetesalthoughsomedonotknowit.Atleast90percentofcasesarethetype2varietyinwhichthebodylosesitsabilitytouseinsulinproperly.Navas-Aciensaidarsenicmayplayasignificantroleindiabetesincidencebutitisdifficulttosayhowmuch.Arseniccanaccumulateinthebodyandcanruinthebody’sabilitytouseinsulinandperformthevitaltaskofconvertingbloodsugarintoenergy.Normallyinsulinfitsintocellsviamoleculardoorwayscalledreceptorswhichinturnsignalthecelltomoveglucoseinsidebutarsenicentersthecellandsomehowblockstheactivity.Seafoodisanothersourceofarsenicbuttheorganicformfoundinshellfishandsomefishhasacarbonmoleculeattachedandposesnorisktohealthshesaid. Accordingtothepassagearseniccontains
Youreallydohavetowonderwhetherafewyearsfromnowwe’lllookbackatthefirstdecadeofthe21stcentury—whenfoodpricesspikedenergypricessoaredworldpopulationsurgedtornadosplowedthroughcitiesfloodsanddroughtssetrecordspopulationsweredisplacedandgovernmentswerethreatenedbytheconfluenceofitall—andaskourselves.WhatwerewethinkingHowdidwenotpanicwhentheevidencewassoobviousthatwe’dcrossedsomegrowthclimatenaturalresourceandpopulationredlinesallatonce"Theonlyanswercanbedenial"arguesPaulGildinganAustralianenvironmentalistinanewbookcalledTheGreatDisruption."Whenyouaresurroundedbysomethingsobigthatrequiresyoutochangeeverythingaboutthewayyouthinkandseetheworldthendenialisthenaturalresponse.Butthelongerwewaitthebiggertheresponserequired." GildingcitestheworkoftheGlobalFootprintNetworkanallianceofscientistswhichcalculateshowmany"planetEarths"weneedtosustainourcurrentgrowthrates.G.F.N.measureshowmuchlandandwaterareaweneedtoproducetheresourcesweconsumeandabsorbourwasteusingprevailingtechnology.OnthewholesaysG.F.N.wearecurrentlygrowingataratethatisusinguptheEarth’sresourcesfarfasterthantheycanbesustainablyreplenishedsoweareeatingintothefuture. Thisisnotsciencefiction.Thisiswhathappenswhenoursystemofgrowthandthesystemofnaturehitthewallatonce.WearenowusingsomanyresourcesandputtingoutsomuchwasteintotheEarththatwehavereachedsomekindoflimitgivencurrenttechnologies.Theeconomyisgoingtohavetogetsmallerintermsofphysicalimpact. Wewillnotchangesystemsthoughwithoutacrisis.Butdon’tworrywe’regettingthere.We’recurrentlycaughtintwoloops:OneisthatmorepopulationgrowthandmoreglobalwarmingtogetherarepushingupfoodpricescausingpoliticalinstabilityintheMiddleEastwhichleadstohigheroilpricesthustohigherfoodpricesandmoreinstability.Atthesametimeimprovedproductivitymeansfewerpeopleareneededineveryfactorytoproducemorestuff.Soifwewanttohavemorejobsweneedmorefactories.Morefactoriesmakingmorestuffmakemoreglobalwarmingandthatiswherethetwoloopsmeet. ButGildingisactuallyaneco-optimist.AstheimpactotheimminentGreatDisruptionhitsushesays"ourresponsewillbeproportionallydramaticmobilizingaswedoinwar.Wewillchangeatascaleandspeedwecanbarelyimaginetodaycompletelytransformingoureconomyincludingourenergyandtransportindustriesinjustafewshortdecades."Wewillrealizehepredictsthattheconsumer-drivengrowthmodelisbrokenandwehavetomovetoamorehappiness-drivengrowthmodelbasedonpeopleworkinglessandowningless. AccordingtoPaulGildingfacedwithdisastrousevidencepeoplewould
Euthanasiaisclearlyadeliberateandintentionalaspectofakilling.Takingahumanlifeevenwithsubtleritesandconsentofthepartyinvolvedisbarbaric.Noonecanjustlykillanotherhumanbeing.Justasitiswrongforaserialkillertomurderitiswrongforaphysiciantodosoaswellnomatterwhatthemotivefordoingsomaybe. ManythinkersincludingalmostallorthodoxCatholicsbelievethateuthanasiaisimmoral.Theyopposekillingpatientsinanycircumstanceswhatever.Howevertheythinkitisallrightinsomespecialcircumstancestoallowpatientstodiebywithholdingtreatment.TheAmericanMedicalAssociation’spolicystatementonmercykillingsupportsthistraditionalview.Inmypaper"ActiveandPassiveEuthanasia"Iargueagainstthetraditionalviewthatthereisinfactnonormaldifferencebetweenkillingandlettingdie--ifoneispermissiblethensoistheother. ProfessorSullivandoesnotdisputemyargument;insteadhedismissesitasirrelevant.Thetraditionaldoctrinehesaysdoesnotappealtoordependonthedistinctionbetweenkillingandlettingdie.Thereforeargumentsagainstthatdistinction"leavethetraditionalpositionuntouched." IsmyargumentreallyirrelevantIdon’tseehowitcanbe.AsSullivanhimselfpointsoutnearlyeveryoneholdsthatitissometimesmeaninglesstoprolongtheprocessofdyingandthatinthosecasesitismorallypermissibletoletapatientdieeventhoughafewmorehoursordayscouldbesavedbyproceduresthatwouldalsoincreasetheagoniesofthedying.Butifitisimpossibletodefendageneraldistinctionbetweenlettingpeopledieandactingtoterminatetheirlivesdirectlythenitwouldseemthatactiveeuthanasiaalsomaybemorallypermissible. ButtraditionalistslikeprofessorSullivanholdthatactiveeuthanasia--thedirectkillingofpatients--isnotmorallypermissible;soifmyargumentissoundtheirviewmustbemistaken.Icannotagreethenthatmyargument"leavethetraditionalpositionuntouched." HoweverIshallnotpressthispoint.InsteadIshallpresentsomefurtherargumentsagainstthetraditionalpositionconcentratingonthoseelementsofthepositionwhichprofessorSullivanhimselfthinksmostimportant.Accordingtohimwhatisimportantisfirstthatweshouldneverintentionallyterminatethelifeofapatienteitherbyactionoromissionandsecondthatwemayceaseoromittreatmentofapatientknowingthatthiswillresultindeathonlyifthemeansoftreatmentinvolvedareextraordinary. AccordingtotheauthortheviewsheldbytraditionalorthodoxCatholicsoneuthanasiais
HaveyoueverwonderedwhetherwritingandmaintainingyourbusinessblogisawasteoftimeIfyouhaveitprobablyis.Businessblogsarevaluableforsomecompaniesbutformanybloggingtakesuptimeandresourcesbetterspentelsewhere.Ifanyofthefollowingstatementsapplytoyoustoppostingtoyourblogorre-purposewhatyouwouldhavepostedandstartdoingsomethingmoreproductive: 41Youdreadwritinganotherpost. EitherwaywhateveryoupublishwillnotrepresentyourbusinesswellsowhydoitAnytimeyoufeelyoucan’tputyourbestfootforwarddon’ttakethestep. 42Yourpageviewsarestagnant. Unlessofcourseyoucanaccuratelyidentifytangiblebenefitsfromthatreadership. 43Youcan’tquantifyyourreturn. Bloggingislikeanyotherinvestmentintimeandresources:Ifyoudon’tseeareturndon’tdoit. 44Yourgoalistoprovidevaluableresourcestocustomers. Potentialcustomerswhogladlyreadresourcepagesoftenrunscreamingfromthesameinformationwhenitappearsonablog. 45Yourreadersarenotyourcustomers. Buildinganaudienceisusefulonlyiftheaudiencecontainscurrentandpotentialcustomers.Knowwhoisreadingyourbiog.Ifyoucan’tbebotheredtofindoutthat’syetanotherindicationit’stimetostop. [A]Manybusinessownerssay"Idon’thaveanynumberstobackitupbutIknowmyblogispayingoff."ReallyHowIfyourblogisn’tsendingsignificanttraffictoyourwebsiteviasearchenginesisn’tdirectlygeneratingsalesdoesn’tcreateacommunityorcreatesacommunitythatdoesn’tactually benefityourbusinessyourblogisn’tpayingoff. [B]Ifyouaren’texcitedbythethoughtofsittingdowntowriteyournextpostyouhavenothingtosayandwillonceagainborrowideasfromanotherblogoralreadyrealizebloggingisawasteoftimebutwon’tadmitit. [C]Greatgoal.Byallmeansdoit.Butdon’tputhow-toinformationorusefultipsornon-newsinformationonyourblog.Manypeopleareblog-aversebecausemostblogsareterriblesoyourblogmayautomaticallygetpaintedwiththesamebrush.Ifyourmaterialisrelativelyevergreencreateresourcepagesonyourwebsiteinstead. [D]Whennewpostsaveragethesamenumberofpageviewsandonamonthlybasissodoesyourentireblogyou’vestalled.Maybeloyalreaderskeepreturningormaybeyougainsomeandlosesomebuteitherwaynotmuchishappening.Ablogwithasmallstagnantreadershipisablogthatisawasteoftimeatleastforbusinesspurposes. [E]Neverblogbecauseyouthinkithelps;youhavetoknow.Knowingtakeseffort.Ifyou’renotwillingtoputthetimeyouneedintotrackingandanalyzingdatayou’reeitherlazyorafraidtofindoutyou’rewastingyourtimeonyourblog.Sometimesquittingismoreadmirablethanstayingthecourse. [F]Thishappensmoreoftenthanyouthink.Forexampleafriendisanincrediblysuccessfulfinancialplanner.Hewritesablogthatgetsthousandsofuniquevisitorsamonth.Buthewritesabouttopicsofinterestonlytootherfinancialplanners.Thatwouldbefineifhisbloggeneratedmediaopportunitiesorsupportedabookheplanstowriteorhelpshimnetworkandbringinmorebusiness—butitdoesn’t. 45
Customhasnotcommonlybeenregardedasasubjectofanygreatmoment. Itistheinnerworkingofownbrainsthatwefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigationbutcustomwehaveawayofthinkingisbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffactitisotherwayaround.46Traditionalcustomtakentheworldoverisamassofdetailedbehaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividualactionsnomatterhowunusualandabnormal.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthematter.Thefactoffist-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandinbeliefandtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest. Nomaneverlooksattheworldwithprimitiveandunchangedeyes.Heseesiteditedbyadefinitesetofcustomsandinstitutionsandwaysofthinking.47Eveninhisphilosophicalprobing探测术hecannotgobehindthesestereotypes;hisveryconceptsofthetrueandthefalsewillstillhavereferencetohisparticulartraditionalcustoms.JohnDeweyhassaidinallseriousnessthatthepartplayedbycustominshapingthebehavioroftheindividualasagainstanywayinwhichwecanaffecttraditionalCustomisastheproportionofthetotalvocabularyofhismothertongueagainstthosewordsofhisownbabytalkthataretakenupintothevernacular本国的ofhisfamily.48Whenoneseriouslystudiesthesocialordersthathavetheopportunitytodevelopautonomouslythefigurebecomesnomorethananexactandmatter-of-factobservation. 49Thelifehistoryoftheindividualisfirstandforemostanaccommodationtothepatternsandstandardstraditionallyhandeddowninhiscommunity.Fromthemomentofhisbirththecustomsintowhichheisbornshapehisexperienceandbehavior.Bythetimehecantalkheislittlecreatureofhiscultureandbythetimeheisgrownandabletotakepartinitsactivitiesitshabitsarehishabitsitsbeliefshisbeliefsitsimpossibilitieshisimpossibilities.50Everychildthatisbornintohisgroupwillsharethemwithhimandnochildbornintooneontheoppositesideoftheglobecaneverachievethethousandthpart.Thereisnosocialproblemwhichismoreresponsibleforustounderstandthanthisoftheroleofcustom.Untilweareintelligentastoitslawsandvarietiesthemaincomplicatingfactsofhumanlifemustremainunintelligible. 47Eveninhisphilosophicalprobing探测术hecannotgobehindthesestereotypes;hisveryconceptsofthetrueandthefalsewillstillhavereferencetohisparticulartraditionalcustoms.
You’vehadaproblemyou’vethoughtaboutittillyouweretiredforgottenitandperhapssleptonitandthenflash!Whenyouweren’tthinkingaboutitsuddenlytheanswerhascometoyouasagiftfromthegods. Ofcourseallideasdon’tcomelikethatbuttheinterestingthingisthatsomanydoparticularlythemostimportantones.Theyburstintothemindglowingwiththeheatofcreation.Howtheydoisamystery.46Psychologydoesnotyetunderstandeventheordinaryprocessofconsciousthoughtbuttheemergenceofnewideasbya"leapinthought"isparticularlyintriguingbecausetheymusthavecomefromthesomewhere.Forthemomentletusassumethattheycomefromthe"unconscious".47Thisisreasonableforthepsychologistsusethistermtodescribementalprocesseswhichareunknowntothesubjectandcreativethoughtconsistspreciselyinwhatwasunknownbecomingknown. 48Itseemsthatalltrulycreativeactivitydependsinsomedegreeonthesesignalsfromtheunconsciousandthemorehighlyintuitivethepersonthesharperandmoredramaticthesignalsbecome. Butgrowthrequiresaseedandtheheartofthecreativeprocessliesintheproductionoftheoriginalfertilenucleusfromwhichgrowthcanproceed.49Thisinitialstepinallcreationconsistsintheestablishmentofanewunityfromdisparateelementsoforderoutofdisorderofshapefromwhatwasformless.Themindachievesthisbytheplasticreshapingsoderivedfromanewunitofaselectionoftheseparateelementsderivedfromexperienceandstoredinmemory.Intuitionsarisefromrichlyunifiedexperience. 50Thisprocessoftheestablishmentofnewformmustoccurinpatternofnervousactivityinthebrainlyingbelowthethresholdofconsciousnesswhichinteractsandcombinestoformmorecomprehensivepatterns.Experimentalphysiologyhasnotyetidentifiedthisprocessforitsmethodsareasyetinsufficientlyrefinedbutitmaybesignificantthataquarterofthetotalbodilyconsumptionofenergyduringsleepgoestothebrainevenwhenthesenseorganareatresttomaintaintheactivityoftenthousandmillionbraincells.Thesecellsactingtogetherasasingleorganachievethemiracleoftheproductionofnewpatternsofthought.Nocalculatingmachinecandothatforsuchmachinescan"onlydowhatweknowhowtodesignthemtodo"andtheseformativebrainprocessesobeylawswhicharestillunknown. CananypracticalconclusionsbedrawnfromtheexperienceofgeniusIsthereanartofthoughtfortheordinarypersonCertainlythereisnosingleroadtosuccess;intheworldoftheimaginationeachhastofindhisownwaytousehisowngift. 49Thisinitialstepinallcreationconsistsintheestablishmentofanewunityfromdisparateelementsoforderoutofdisorderofshapefromwhatwasformless.
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. 11
Allmodernhumanoriginatedinsub-SaharanAfricaaccordingtoanewstudyboastedbyitsfoundersasthe"finalblow"againstanopposingviewpoint.Notsofastsaysoneanthropologistwhofindsflawsintheevidence. ThenewstudypublishedintheJuly19issueofthejournalNaturedeliverswhattheresearcherssaycouldbethefinalverdictinsupportofthesinglepoint"OutofAfrica"theory. Manicaandcolleaguestookmultiplemeasurementsofmorethan4500malefossilskullsfrom105populationsaroundtheglobe.TheycombinedtheresultswithdatafromstudiesofglobalgeneticvariationsinhumansfindingthatbothgeneticandskullvariabilitydecreasedwithdistancefromAfrica.SopopulationsinsoutheasternAfricaheldthehighestvariabilitycomparedwithpopulationsinothercountries. Theresultsheldevenwhenthescientistsaccountedforclimatesinceclimateconditionscanleadtochangesinskullfeatures."Inverycoldclimatesyoutendtogenerateaslightlythickerbrowridge.Whetherornotthat’stokeephorribleblizzardsoutofyoureyesIdon’tknow"Amossaid. Paststudiesbasedonskullmorphologyhavebeenweakandhavesupportedbothofthehumanoriginviews. InhisownresearchHawksisfundingthatnaturalselectionhasledtochangesinthousandsofgenesduringonlythepastfewthousandyears. "I’mreallythinkingjusttheoppositeofthispaper"Hawkssaid."Therearedifferencesintheskullbetweenpopulationsincludingtheirvariabilitybutitismostlyduetoveryrecenteffectsandnottheoriginofmodernhumans." "ThemuhiregionalideaisidenticaltotherecentAfricanoriginideaexceptforitspredictionthatEuropeansandAsianswerepartofthesinglepopulationoforiginanddidn’tbecomeextinct." [A]"HumansseemtohavepouredoutofAfricaspreadoutacrosstheworldbutatareallyquiteuniformratesuchthatyougetthislovelygraduallossofdiversity"saidstudyteammemberWilliamAmosoftheUniversityofCambridge. [B]Allmodernhumansoriginatedfromthesameancestorsandtheykeptevolvingasthesocietyadvances.Somespeciesdiedoutbutothersremainedtoliveontheearthwhichisstillimpossibletosolve. [C]Attheendofthedayaresolutiontothe"OutofAfrica"debatemaybeimpossiblehesaid.Mostoftheevidencecanbeinterpretedassupportingbothhuman-originstheories."It’sreallyhardtofindthetwo"Hawkssaid. [D]Thisstudy"addsastronglineofevidencetotheOutofAfricahypothesisusingsuchmorphology"saidpaleontologistWillHarcourt-SmithoftheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryinNewYork.Harcourt-Smithwasnotinvolvedinthecurrentresearch. [E]DebateovertheoriginsofmodernhumanshassimmeredamonganthropologistsforyearswithonetheoryassertingthatHomosapiensmigratedacrosstheworldfromasinglepointinAfrica.TheothertheorystatesthatmultiplepopulationsofHomosapiensindependentlyevolvedfromHomoerectusinregionsbeyondAfrica. [F]TherecentstudywasfundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil.Ithasprovidedconclusiveevidenceconcerningtheactualprocessofhumanevolution. [G]"Wehavecombinedourgeneticdatawithnewmeasurementsofalargesampleofskullstoshowdefinitelythatmodernhumansoriginatedfromasingleareainsub-SaharanAfrica"saidleadresearcherAndreaManicaoftheUniversityofCambridge. 41.______42.______43.______44.______45.______ 45
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. 15
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. 17
Directions: YoujustspentyoursummerholidaysinTom’shometownTom’shomeisatasmallandquietcountryside.Nowyouaregoingtowritehimaletterofthanksforallheandhisfamilydidforyouduringyourstaythere. Imaginesomedetailsofthesummaryholidays.Writeyourletterinnolessthan100words.WriteitnearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use"LiMing"instead. Donotwritetheaddress10points
Allmodernhumanoriginatedinsub-SaharanAfricaaccordingtoanewstudyboastedbyitsfoundersasthe"finalblow"againstanopposingviewpoint.Notsofastsaysoneanthropologistwhofindsflawsintheevidence. ThenewstudypublishedintheJuly19issueofthejournalNaturedeliverswhattheresearcherssaycouldbethefinalverdictinsupportofthesinglepoint"OutofAfrica"theory. Manicaandcolleaguestookmultiplemeasurementsofmorethan4500malefossilskullsfrom105populationsaroundtheglobe.TheycombinedtheresultswithdatafromstudiesofglobalgeneticvariationsinhumansfindingthatbothgeneticandskullvariabilitydecreasedwithdistancefromAfrica.SopopulationsinsoutheasternAfricaheldthehighestvariabilitycomparedwithpopulationsinothercountries. Theresultsheldevenwhenthescientistsaccountedforclimatesinceclimateconditionscanleadtochangesinskullfeatures."Inverycoldclimatesyoutendtogenerateaslightlythickerbrowridge.Whetherornotthat’stokeephorribleblizzardsoutofyoureyesIdon’tknow"Amossaid. Paststudiesbasedonskullmorphologyhavebeenweakandhavesupportedbothofthehumanoriginviews. InhisownresearchHawksisfundingthatnaturalselectionhasledtochangesinthousandsofgenesduringonlythepastfewthousandyears. "I’mreallythinkingjusttheoppositeofthispaper"Hawkssaid."Therearedifferencesintheskullbetweenpopulationsincludingtheirvariabilitybutitismostlyduetoveryrecenteffectsandnottheoriginofmodernhumans." "ThemuhiregionalideaisidenticaltotherecentAfricanoriginideaexceptforitspredictionthatEuropeansandAsianswerepartofthesinglepopulationoforiginanddidn’tbecomeextinct." [A]"HumansseemtohavepouredoutofAfricaspreadoutacrosstheworldbutatareallyquiteuniformratesuchthatyougetthislovelygraduallossofdiversity"saidstudyteammemberWilliamAmosoftheUniversityofCambridge. [B]Allmodernhumansoriginatedfromthesameancestorsandtheykeptevolvingasthesocietyadvances.Somespeciesdiedoutbutothersremainedtoliveontheearthwhichisstillimpossibletosolve. [C]Attheendofthedayaresolutiontothe"OutofAfrica"debatemaybeimpossiblehesaid.Mostoftheevidencecanbeinterpretedassupportingbothhuman-originstheories."It’sreallyhardtofindthetwo"Hawkssaid. [D]Thisstudy"addsastronglineofevidencetotheOutofAfricahypothesisusingsuchmorphology"saidpaleontologistWillHarcourt-SmithoftheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryinNewYork.Harcourt-Smithwasnotinvolvedinthecurrentresearch. [E]DebateovertheoriginsofmodernhumanshassimmeredamonganthropologistsforyearswithonetheoryassertingthatHomosapiensmigratedacrosstheworldfromasinglepointinAfrica.TheothertheorystatesthatmultiplepopulationsofHomosapiensindependentlyevolvedfromHomoerectusinregionsbeyondAfrica. [F]TherecentstudywasfundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil.Ithasprovidedconclusiveevidenceconcerningtheactualprocessofhumanevolution. [G]"Wehavecombinedourgeneticdatawithnewmeasurementsofalargesampleofskullstoshowdefinitelythatmodernhumansoriginatedfromasingleareainsub-SaharanAfrica"saidleadresearcherAndreaManicaoftheUniversityofCambridge. 41.______42.______43.______44.______45.______ 43
Euthanasiaisclearlyadeliberateandintentionalaspectofakilling.Takingahumanlifeevenwithsubtleritesandconsentofthepartyinvolvedisbarbaric.Noonecanjustlykillanotherhumanbeing.Justasitiswrongforaserialkillertomurderitiswrongforaphysiciantodosoaswellnomatterwhatthemotivefordoingsomaybe. ManythinkersincludingalmostallorthodoxCatholicsbelievethateuthanasiaisimmoral.Theyopposekillingpatientsinanycircumstanceswhatever.Howevertheythinkitisallrightinsomespecialcircumstancestoallowpatientstodiebywithholdingtreatment.TheAmericanMedicalAssociation’spolicystatementonmercykillingsupportsthistraditionalview.Inmypaper"ActiveandPassiveEuthanasia"Iargueagainstthetraditionalviewthatthereisinfactnonormaldifferencebetweenkillingandlettingdie--ifoneispermissiblethensoistheother. ProfessorSullivandoesnotdisputemyargument;insteadhedismissesitasirrelevant.Thetraditionaldoctrinehesaysdoesnotappealtoordependonthedistinctionbetweenkillingandlettingdie.Thereforeargumentsagainstthatdistinction"leavethetraditionalpositionuntouched." IsmyargumentreallyirrelevantIdon’tseehowitcanbe.AsSullivanhimselfpointsoutnearlyeveryoneholdsthatitissometimesmeaninglesstoprolongtheprocessofdyingandthatinthosecasesitismorallypermissibletoletapatientdieeventhoughafewmorehoursordayscouldbesavedbyproceduresthatwouldalsoincreasetheagoniesofthedying.Butifitisimpossibletodefendageneraldistinctionbetweenlettingpeopledieandactingtoterminatetheirlivesdirectlythenitwouldseemthatactiveeuthanasiaalsomaybemorallypermissible. ButtraditionalistslikeprofessorSullivanholdthatactiveeuthanasia--thedirectkillingofpatients--isnotmorallypermissible;soifmyargumentissoundtheirviewmustbemistaken.Icannotagreethenthatmyargument"leavethetraditionalpositionuntouched." HoweverIshallnotpressthispoint.InsteadIshallpresentsomefurtherargumentsagainstthetraditionalpositionconcentratingonthoseelementsofthepositionwhichprofessorSullivanhimselfthinksmostimportant.Accordingtohimwhatisimportantisfirstthatweshouldneverintentionallyterminatethelifeofapatienteitherbyactionoromissionandsecondthatwemayceaseoromittreatmentofapatientknowingthatthiswillresultindeathonlyifthemeansoftreatmentinvolvedareextraordinary. WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. 13
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. 1
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. 7
HaveyoueverwonderedwhetherwritingandmaintainingyourbusinessblogisawasteoftimeIfyouhaveitprobablyis.Businessblogsarevaluableforsomecompaniesbutformanybloggingtakesuptimeandresourcesbetterspentelsewhere.Ifanyofthefollowingstatementsapplytoyoustoppostingtoyourblogorre-purposewhatyouwouldhavepostedandstartdoingsomethingmoreproductive: 41Youdreadwritinganotherpost. EitherwaywhateveryoupublishwillnotrepresentyourbusinesswellsowhydoitAnytimeyoufeelyoucan’tputyourbestfootforwarddon’ttakethestep. 42Yourpageviewsarestagnant. Unlessofcourseyoucanaccuratelyidentifytangiblebenefitsfromthatreadership. 43Youcan’tquantifyyourreturn. Bloggingislikeanyotherinvestmentintimeandresources:Ifyoudon’tseeareturndon’tdoit. 44Yourgoalistoprovidevaluableresourcestocustomers. Potentialcustomerswhogladlyreadresourcepagesoftenrunscreamingfromthesameinformationwhenitappearsonablog. 45Yourreadersarenotyourcustomers. Buildinganaudienceisusefulonlyiftheaudiencecontainscurrentandpotentialcustomers.Knowwhoisreadingyourbiog.Ifyoucan’tbebotheredtofindoutthat’syetanotherindicationit’stimetostop. [A]Manybusinessownerssay"Idon’thaveanynumberstobackitupbutIknowmyblogispayingoff."ReallyHowIfyourblogisn’tsendingsignificanttraffictoyourwebsiteviasearchenginesisn’tdirectlygeneratingsalesdoesn’tcreateacommunityorcreatesacommunitythatdoesn’tactually benefityourbusinessyourblogisn’tpayingoff. [B]Ifyouaren’texcitedbythethoughtofsittingdowntowriteyournextpostyouhavenothingtosayandwillonceagainborrowideasfromanotherblogoralreadyrealizebloggingisawasteoftimebutwon’tadmitit. [C]Greatgoal.Byallmeansdoit.Butdon’tputhow-toinformationorusefultipsornon-newsinformationonyourblog.Manypeopleareblog-aversebecausemostblogsareterriblesoyourblogmayautomaticallygetpaintedwiththesamebrush.Ifyourmaterialisrelativelyevergreencreateresourcepagesonyourwebsiteinstead. [D]Whennewpostsaveragethesamenumberofpageviewsandonamonthlybasissodoesyourentireblogyou’vestalled.Maybeloyalreaderskeepreturningormaybeyougainsomeandlosesomebuteitherwaynotmuchishappening.Ablogwithasmallstagnantreadershipisablogthatisawasteoftimeatleastforbusinesspurposes. [E]Neverblogbecauseyouthinkithelps;youhavetoknow.Knowingtakeseffort.Ifyou’renotwillingtoputthetimeyouneedintotrackingandanalyzingdatayou’reeitherlazyorafraidtofindoutyou’rewastingyourtimeonyourblog.Sometimesquittingismoreadmirablethanstayingthecourse. [F]Thishappensmoreoftenthanyouthink.Forexampleafriendisanincrediblysuccessfulfinancialplanner.Hewritesablogthatgetsthousandsofuniquevisitorsamonth.Buthewritesabouttopicsofinterestonlytootherfinancialplanners.Thatwouldbefineifhisbloggeneratedmediaopportunitiesorsupportedabookheplanstowriteorhelpshimnetworkandbringinmorebusiness—butitdoesn’t. 43
Youreallydohavetowonderwhetherafewyearsfromnowwe’lllookbackatthefirstdecadeofthe21stcentury—whenfoodpricesspikedenergypricessoaredworldpopulationsurgedtornadosplowedthroughcitiesfloodsanddroughtssetrecordspopulationsweredisplacedandgovernmentswerethreatenedbytheconfluenceofitall—andaskourselves.WhatwerewethinkingHowdidwenotpanicwhentheevidencewassoobviousthatwe’dcrossedsomegrowthclimatenaturalresourceandpopulationredlinesallatonce"Theonlyanswercanbedenial"arguesPaulGildinganAustralianenvironmentalistinanewbookcalledTheGreatDisruption."Whenyouaresurroundedbysomethingsobigthatrequiresyoutochangeeverythingaboutthewayyouthinkandseetheworldthendenialisthenaturalresponse.Butthelongerwewaitthebiggertheresponserequired." GildingcitestheworkoftheGlobalFootprintNetworkanallianceofscientistswhichcalculateshowmany"planetEarths"weneedtosustainourcurrentgrowthrates.G.F.N.measureshowmuchlandandwaterareaweneedtoproducetheresourcesweconsumeandabsorbourwasteusingprevailingtechnology.OnthewholesaysG.F.N.wearecurrentlygrowingataratethatisusinguptheEarth’sresourcesfarfasterthantheycanbesustainablyreplenishedsoweareeatingintothefuture. Thisisnotsciencefiction.Thisiswhathappenswhenoursystemofgrowthandthesystemofnaturehitthewallatonce.WearenowusingsomanyresourcesandputtingoutsomuchwasteintotheEarththatwehavereachedsomekindoflimitgivencurrenttechnologies.Theeconomyisgoingtohavetogetsmallerintermsofphysicalimpact. Wewillnotchangesystemsthoughwithoutacrisis.Butdon’tworrywe’regettingthere.We’recurrentlycaughtintwoloops:OneisthatmorepopulationgrowthandmoreglobalwarmingtogetherarepushingupfoodpricescausingpoliticalinstabilityintheMiddleEastwhichleadstohigheroilpricesthustohigherfoodpricesandmoreinstability.Atthesametimeimprovedproductivitymeansfewerpeopleareneededineveryfactorytoproducemorestuff.Soifwewanttohavemorejobsweneedmorefactories.Morefactoriesmakingmorestuffmakemoreglobalwarmingandthatiswherethetwoloopsmeet. ButGildingisactuallyaneco-optimist.AstheimpactotheimminentGreatDisruptionhitsushesays"ourresponsewillbeproportionallydramaticmobilizingaswedoinwar.Wewillchangeatascaleandspeedwecanbarelyimaginetodaycompletelytransformingoureconomyincludingourenergyandtransportindustriesinjustafewshortdecades."Wewillrealizehepredictsthattheconsumer-drivengrowthmodelisbrokenandwehavetomovetoamorehappiness-drivengrowthmodelbasedonpeopleworkinglessandowningless. Itcanbeinferredthatthehappiness-drivengrowthmodelischaracterizedby
Customhasnotcommonlybeenregardedasasubjectofanygreatmoment. Itistheinnerworkingofownbrainsthatwefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigationbutcustomwehaveawayofthinkingisbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffactitisotherwayaround.46Traditionalcustomtakentheworldoverisamassofdetailedbehaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividualactionsnomatterhowunusualandabnormal.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthematter.Thefactoffist-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandinbeliefandtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest. Nomaneverlooksattheworldwithprimitiveandunchangedeyes.Heseesiteditedbyadefinitesetofcustomsandinstitutionsandwaysofthinking.47Eveninhisphilosophicalprobing探测术hecannotgobehindthesestereotypes;hisveryconceptsofthetrueandthefalsewillstillhavereferencetohisparticulartraditionalcustoms.JohnDeweyhassaidinallseriousnessthatthepartplayedbycustominshapingthebehavioroftheindividualasagainstanywayinwhichwecanaffecttraditionalCustomisastheproportionofthetotalvocabularyofhismothertongueagainstthosewordsofhisownbabytalkthataretakenupintothevernacular本国的ofhisfamily.48Whenoneseriouslystudiesthesocialordersthathavetheopportunitytodevelopautonomouslythefigurebecomesnomorethananexactandmatter-of-factobservation. 49Thelifehistoryoftheindividualisfirstandforemostanaccommodationtothepatternsandstandardstraditionallyhandeddowninhiscommunity.Fromthemomentofhisbirththecustomsintowhichheisbornshapehisexperienceandbehavior.Bythetimehecantalkheislittlecreatureofhiscultureandbythetimeheisgrownandabletotakepartinitsactivitiesitshabitsarehishabitsitsbeliefshisbeliefsitsimpossibilitieshisimpossibilities.50Everychildthatisbornintohisgroupwillsharethemwithhimandnochildbornintooneontheoppositesideoftheglobecaneverachievethethousandthpart.Thereisnosocialproblemwhichismoreresponsibleforustounderstandthanthisoftheroleofcustom.Untilweareintelligentastoitslawsandvarietiesthemaincomplicatingfactsofhumanlifemustremainunintelligible. 49Thelifehistoryoftheindividualisfirstandforemostanaccommodationtothepatternsandstandardstraditionallyhandeddowninhiscommunity.
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. 3
Thetopicofcloninghasbeenapoliticallyandethicallycontroversialonesinceitsverybeginning.Whilethemoralandphilosophicalaspectsoftheissuesareentirelyuptotheinterpretationoftheindividualtheapplicationofcloningtechnologycanbestudiedobjectively.Manyinthescientificcommunityadvocatetheuseofcloningforthepreservationandsupportofendangeredspeciesofanimalswhichasidefromcloninghavenootherpracticalhopeforavoidingextinction. Thegoaloftheuseofcloningtoavoidextinctionisthereintroductionofnewgenesintothegenepoolofspecieswithfewsurvivorsensuringthemaintenanceandexpansionofgeneticdiversity.LikelycandidatesforthistechniquearespeciesknowntohaveveryfewsurvivingmemberssuchastheAfricanBongoAntelopetheSumatranTigerandtheChineseGiantPanda.InthecaseofGiantPandasomeartificialtechniquesforcreatingoffspringhavealreadybeenperformedperhapspavingthewayforcloningasthenextstepintheprocess. Withtheestimatedpopulationofonlyabout1000GiantPandasleftintheworldtheurgencyofthesituationhasledtodesperatemeasures.OnepandawasbornthroughthetechniqueofartificialinseminationintheSanDiegoZoointheUnitedStates."HuaMei"wasbornin1999afterherparentsHsing-HsingandLing-Linghadtroubleconceivingnaturally. TheplantoincreasetheGiantPandapopulationthroughtheuseofcloninginvolvestheuseofaspeciesrelatedtotheGiantPandatheAmericanBlackBear.EggcellswillberemovedfromfemaleblackbearsandthenfertilizedwithPandacellssuchasthosefromLing-LingorHsing-Hsing.Thefertilizedembryowillthenre-implantedintotheblackbearwhereitwillgrowandmatureuntilanewpandaisdeliveredfromtheblackbearhost. Criticsofcloningtechnologyarguethattheemphasisoncloningasamethodbywhichtopreservespecieswilldrawfundingawayfromothermethodssuchashabitatpreservationandconservation.Proponentsofcloningcounterthatmanycountriesinwhichmanyendangeredspeciesexistaretoopoortoprotectandmaintainthespecies’habitatsanywaymakingcloningtechnologytheonlypracticalwaytoensurethatthosespeciessurvivetofuturegenerations.Theissueisstillhotlydebatedasbothsidesweighthebenefitsthatcouldbeachievedagainsttherisksandethicalconcernsthatconstantlyaccompanyanyargumentontheissue.402words Notes:ethically道德上genepool基因库inseminationn.受精fertilize使受精embryo胚胎proponent支持者拥护者weighAagainstB权衡A和B的利弊 TheauthordirectsattentiontoHuaMeithebabypandabornintheSanDiegoZooinorderto
HaveyoueverwonderedwhetherwritingandmaintainingyourbusinessblogisawasteoftimeIfyouhaveitprobablyis.Businessblogsarevaluableforsomecompaniesbutformanybloggingtakesuptimeandresourcesbetterspentelsewhere.Ifanyofthefollowingstatementsapplytoyoustoppostingtoyourblogorre-purposewhatyouwouldhavepostedandstartdoingsomethingmoreproductive: 41Youdreadwritinganotherpost. EitherwaywhateveryoupublishwillnotrepresentyourbusinesswellsowhydoitAnytimeyoufeelyoucan’tputyourbestfootforwarddon’ttakethestep. 42Yourpageviewsarestagnant. Unlessofcourseyoucanaccuratelyidentifytangiblebenefitsfromthatreadership. 43Youcan’tquantifyyourreturn. Bloggingislikeanyotherinvestmentintimeandresources:Ifyoudon’tseeareturndon’tdoit. 44Yourgoalistoprovidevaluableresourcestocustomers. Potentialcustomerswhogladlyreadresourcepagesoftenrunscreamingfromthesameinformationwhenitappearsonablog. 45Yourreadersarenotyourcustomers. Buildinganaudienceisusefulonlyiftheaudiencecontainscurrentandpotentialcustomers.Knowwhoisreadingyourbiog.Ifyoucan’tbebotheredtofindoutthat’syetanotherindicationit’stimetostop. [A]Manybusinessownerssay"Idon’thaveanynumberstobackitupbutIknowmyblogispayingoff."ReallyHowIfyourblogisn’tsendingsignificanttraffictoyourwebsiteviasearchenginesisn’tdirectlygeneratingsalesdoesn’tcreateacommunityorcreatesacommunitythatdoesn’tactually benefityourbusinessyourblogisn’tpayingoff. [B]Ifyouaren’texcitedbythethoughtofsittingdowntowriteyournextpostyouhavenothingtosayandwillonceagainborrowideasfromanotherblogoralreadyrealizebloggingisawasteoftimebutwon’tadmitit. [C]Greatgoal.Byallmeansdoit.Butdon’tputhow-toinformationorusefultipsornon-newsinformationonyourblog.Manypeopleareblog-aversebecausemostblogsareterriblesoyourblogmayautomaticallygetpaintedwiththesamebrush.Ifyourmaterialisrelativelyevergreencreateresourcepagesonyourwebsiteinstead. [D]Whennewpostsaveragethesamenumberofpageviewsandonamonthlybasissodoesyourentireblogyou’vestalled.Maybeloyalreaderskeepreturningormaybeyougainsomeandlosesomebuteitherwaynotmuchishappening.Ablogwithasmallstagnantreadershipisablogthatisawasteoftimeatleastforbusinesspurposes. [E]Neverblogbecauseyouthinkithelps;youhavetoknow.Knowingtakeseffort.Ifyou’renotwillingtoputthetimeyouneedintotrackingandanalyzingdatayou’reeitherlazyorafraidtofindoutyou’rewastingyourtimeonyourblog.Sometimesquittingismoreadmirablethanstayingthecourse. [F]Thishappensmoreoftenthanyouthink.Forexampleafriendisanincrediblysuccessfulfinancialplanner.Hewritesablogthatgetsthousandsofuniquevisitorsamonth.Buthewritesabouttopicsofinterestonlytootherfinancialplanners.Thatwouldbefineifhisbloggeneratedmediaopportunitiesorsupportedabookheplanstowriteorhelpshimnetworkandbringinmorebusiness—butitdoesn’t. 41
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. 19
You’vehadaproblemyou’vethoughtaboutittillyouweretiredforgottenitandperhapssleptonitandthenflash!Whenyouweren’tthinkingaboutitsuddenlytheanswerhascometoyouasagiftfromthegods. Ofcourseallideasdon’tcomelikethatbuttheinterestingthingisthatsomanydoparticularlythemostimportantones.Theyburstintothemindglowingwiththeheatofcreation.Howtheydoisamystery.46Psychologydoesnotyetunderstandeventheordinaryprocessofconsciousthoughtbuttheemergenceofnewideasbya"leapinthought"isparticularlyintriguingbecausetheymusthavecomefromthesomewhere.Forthemomentletusassumethattheycomefromthe"unconscious".47Thisisreasonableforthepsychologistsusethistermtodescribementalprocesseswhichareunknowntothesubjectandcreativethoughtconsistspreciselyinwhatwasunknownbecomingknown. 48Itseemsthatalltrulycreativeactivitydependsinsomedegreeonthesesignalsfromtheunconsciousandthemorehighlyintuitivethepersonthesharperandmoredramaticthesignalsbecome. Butgrowthrequiresaseedandtheheartofthecreativeprocessliesintheproductionoftheoriginalfertilenucleusfromwhichgrowthcanproceed.49Thisinitialstepinallcreationconsistsintheestablishmentofanewunityfromdisparateelementsoforderoutofdisorderofshapefromwhatwasformless.Themindachievesthisbytheplasticreshapingsoderivedfromanewunitofaselectionoftheseparateelementsderivedfromexperienceandstoredinmemory.Intuitionsarisefromrichlyunifiedexperience. 50Thisprocessoftheestablishmentofnewformmustoccurinpatternofnervousactivityinthebrainlyingbelowthethresholdofconsciousnesswhichinteractsandcombinestoformmorecomprehensivepatterns.Experimentalphysiologyhasnotyetidentifiedthisprocessforitsmethodsareasyetinsufficientlyrefinedbutitmaybesignificantthataquarterofthetotalbodilyconsumptionofenergyduringsleepgoestothebrainevenwhenthesenseorganareatresttomaintaintheactivityoftenthousandmillionbraincells.Thesecellsactingtogetherasasingleorganachievethemiracleoftheproductionofnewpatternsofthought.Nocalculatingmachinecandothatforsuchmachinescan"onlydowhatweknowhowtodesignthemtodo"andtheseformativebrainprocessesobeylawswhicharestillunknown. CananypracticalconclusionsbedrawnfromtheexperienceofgeniusIsthereanartofthoughtfortheordinarypersonCertainlythereisnosingleroadtosuccess;intheworldoftheimaginationeachhastofindhisownwaytousehisowngift. 47Thisisreasonableforthepsychologistsusethistermtodescribementalprocesseswhichareunknowntothesubjectandcreativethoughtconsistspreciselyinwhatwasunknownbecomingknown.
Thetopicofcloninghasbeenapoliticallyandethicallycontroversialonesinceitsverybeginning.Whilethemoralandphilosophicalaspectsoftheissuesareentirelyuptotheinterpretationoftheindividualtheapplicationofcloningtechnologycanbestudiedobjectively.Manyinthescientificcommunityadvocatetheuseofcloningforthepreservationandsupportofendangeredspeciesofanimalswhichasidefromcloninghavenootherpracticalhopeforavoidingextinction. Thegoaloftheuseofcloningtoavoidextinctionisthereintroductionofnewgenesintothegenepoolofspecieswithfewsurvivorsensuringthemaintenanceandexpansionofgeneticdiversity.LikelycandidatesforthistechniquearespeciesknowntohaveveryfewsurvivingmemberssuchastheAfricanBongoAntelopetheSumatranTigerandtheChineseGiantPanda.InthecaseofGiantPandasomeartificialtechniquesforcreatingoffspringhavealreadybeenperformedperhapspavingthewayforcloningasthenextstepintheprocess. Withtheestimatedpopulationofonlyabout1000GiantPandasleftintheworldtheurgencyofthesituationhasledtodesperatemeasures.OnepandawasbornthroughthetechniqueofartificialinseminationintheSanDiegoZoointheUnitedStates."HuaMei"wasbornin1999afterherparentsHsing-HsingandLing-Linghadtroubleconceivingnaturally. TheplantoincreasetheGiantPandapopulationthroughtheuseofcloninginvolvestheuseofaspeciesrelatedtotheGiantPandatheAmericanBlackBear.EggcellswillberemovedfromfemaleblackbearsandthenfertilizedwithPandacellssuchasthosefromLing-LingorHsing-Hsing.Thefertilizedembryowillthenre-implantedintotheblackbearwhereitwillgrowandmatureuntilanewpandaisdeliveredfromtheblackbearhost. Criticsofcloningtechnologyarguethattheemphasisoncloningasamethodbywhichtopreservespecieswilldrawfundingawayfromothermethodssuchashabitatpreservationandconservation.Proponentsofcloningcounterthatmanycountriesinwhichmanyendangeredspeciesexistaretoopoortoprotectandmaintainthespecies’habitatsanywaymakingcloningtechnologytheonlypracticalwaytoensurethatthosespeciessurvivetofuturegenerations.Theissueisstillhotlydebatedasbothsidesweighthebenefitsthatcouldbeachievedagainsttherisksandethicalconcernsthatconstantlyaccompanyanyargumentontheissue.402words Notes:ethically道德上genepool基因库inseminationn.受精fertilize使受精embryo胚胎proponent支持者拥护者weighAagainstB权衡A和B的利弊 Themainpurposeofthelastparagraphisto
Arsenicanaturallyoccurringpoisonandcarcinogenfoundingroundwaterisstronglylinkedtoadult-onsetdiabetesU.S.researcherssaidonTuesday.Odorlesstastelesscolorlessandeasilysolubleinwaterorwinearsenichaslongbeenafearedpoison.Aheavydoseisdetectableinacorpsebutresearcherssaysmallamountsofarsenicmaysickenpeoplegradually. Dr.AnaNavas-AeienandcolleaguesatJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimorefounda"relativelystrong"associationbetweencommonlyfoundlevelsofarsenicinurineandtype2diabetesinastudyofAmericanadults."Itseemsthereismaybenosafelevelofarsenic."Navas-Aciensaidinatelephoneinterview."Worldwideit’sahugeproblem"shesaid."Aswaterbecomesascarceresource.thesituationbecomesevenmoreserious." ArsenicraisestheriskforcancersofthebladderlungkidneyskinandpossiblytheprostateNavas-Aciensaid.The20percentofnearly800studyparticipantswhohadthemostarsenicintheirbodiesatolerable16.5microgramsperliterofurinehad3.6timestheriskofdevelopinglate-onsetdiabetesthanthoseinthebottom20percentwhohad3microgramsperliter.Levelsofarsenicwere26percenthigherinpeoplewithlate-onsetortype2diabetesthanthosewithoutthediseasethestudyfound. TheU.S.governmentsetsalimitfordrinkingwaterat10microgramsofarsenicperliterwhichisexceededinthewaterconsumedby13millionAmericanswhomostlyliveinruralareasthatrelyonwellstobringupgroundwatertheresearcherswroteintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation.ArseniccontaminatesdrinkingwaterformillionsofpeopleinBangladeshpartsofCentralEuropeChileArgentinaandthewesternUnitedStateswheregroundwateristhesourceofdrinkingwaterandthelandhashigherconcentrationsofarsenic. Overall7.8percentofAmericansarebelievedtohavediabetesalthoughsomedonotknowit.Atleast90percentofcasesarethetype2varietyinwhichthebodylosesitsabilitytouseinsulinproperly.Navas-Aciensaidarsenicmayplayasignificantroleindiabetesincidencebutitisdifficulttosayhowmuch.Arseniccanaccumulateinthebodyandcanruinthebody’sabilitytouseinsulinandperformthevitaltaskofconvertingbloodsugarintoenergy.Normallyinsulinfitsintocellsviamoleculardoorwayscalledreceptorswhichinturnsignalthecelltomoveglucoseinsidebutarsenicentersthecellandsomehowblockstheactivity.Seafoodisanothersourceofarsenicbuttheorganicformfoundinshellfishandsomefishhasacarbonmoleculeattachedandposesnorisktohealthshesaid. Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. 5
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. 9
热门题库
更多
国家统考科目
香港法概论
反间谍法
__学
合同法
证据学
民事诉讼法学
民法学
刑法学
消费者权益保护法
法理学
竞争法
国际公法
国际经济法
农村政策法规
行政法与行政诉讼法
湘公网安备 43130202000226号