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DreamsofFlight Thestoryofman’sdreamofflightofhisdesiretoreachthestarsisasoldasmankinditself.AccordingtoGreeklegendDaedaluswasthefirstmantofly.HeandhissonhadbeenkeptonanislandinordertoescapeDaedalusshapedwingsofwax蜡intowhichhestuckbirdfeathers.Duringtheirflighthissonflewtoohighandthesunmeltedthewax.Hewasdrownedinthesea.ThefatherwassupposedtohavecontinuedhisNightandreachedSicilyseveralhundredmilesaway. ThereisalsoanEnglishlegendofKingBladudwhoduringhisruleintheninthcenturyB.C.usedwingstofly.Buthisflightwasshort-livedandhefelltohisdeath.Thedreamofflyingcontinuedbutinallthelegendstheflierroselikeabirdonlytofalllikeastone.Ittookhundredsofyearsthatmenflewupintotheairandreturnedtoearthsafely. ThefirstmantoapproachflyingonascientificbasiswasanEnglishmanwholivedduringthethirteenthcentury.Helookedattheairaboutusasaseaandhebelievedthataballooncouldfloatontheairjustasaboatdidonwater.AlmostfourhundredyearslateranItalianpriestappliedhisprincipleofairflight.Hedesignedaboatwhichwouldbeheldintheairbyfourhollowspheres空心球.Eachofthefourballswastobe20feetindiameter直径andmadeofverythincopper.Buthisboatwasnever.builtsinceitwasnotpossibletomakespheresofsuchthinmetalandsuchsizeinthosedays. Thefirstscientificairflightwasdesignedby
TheBeginningofAmericanLiteratureAmericanhasalwaysbeenalandofbeginnings.AfterEuropeans‘iscovered’AmericainthefifteenthcenturythemysteriousNewWorldbecameformanypeopleagenuinehopeofanewlifeanescapefrompovertyandpersecutionachancetostartagain.WecansaythatasnationAmericabeginswiththathope.WhenhoweverdoesAmericanliteraturebeginAmericanliteraturebeginswithAmericanexperiences.LongbeforethefirstcolonistsarrivedbeforeChristopherColumbusbeforetheNorthmenwho’found’Americaabouttheyear1000NativeAmericanslivedhere.Eachtribe’sliteraturewastightlywovenintothefabricofdailylifeandreflectedtheunmistakablyAmericanexperienceofliningwiththeland.AnotherkindofexperienceonefilledwithfearandexcitementfounditsexpressioninthereportsthatColumbusandotherexplorerssenthomeinSpainFranceandEngland.InadditionthejournalsofthepeoplewholivedanddiedintheNewEnglandwildernesstellunforgettabletalesofhardandsometimesheartbreakingexperiencesofthoseearlyyears.ExperiencethenisthekeytoearlyAmericanliterature.TheNewWorldprovidedagreatvarietyofexperiencesandtheseexperiencesdemandedawidevarietyofexpressionsbyanevenwidervarietyofearlyAmericanwriters.ThesewritersincludedJohnSmithwhospentonlytwo-andahalfyearsontheAmericancontinent.TheyincludedJonathanEdwardsandWilliamByrdwhothoughtofthemselvesasBritishsubjectsneversuspectingarevolutionthatwouldcreateaUnitedStatesofAmericawithaliteratureofitsown.AmericanIndiansexplorersPuritanministersfrontierwivesplantationowner-theyareallthecreatorsofthefirstAmericanliterature.AccordingtothelastparagraphwhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutAmericanliterature
TheBeginningofAmericanLiteratureAmericanhasalwaysbeenalandofbeginnings.AfterEuropeans‘iscovered’AmericainthefifteenthcenturythemysteriousNewWorldbecameformanypeopleagenuinehopeofanewlifeanescapefrompovertyandpersecutionachancetostartagain.WecansaythatasnationAmericabeginswiththathope.WhenhoweverdoesAmericanliteraturebeginAmericanliteraturebeginswithAmericanexperiences.LongbeforethefirstcolonistsarrivedbeforeChristopherColumbusbeforetheNorthmenwho’found’Americaabouttheyear1000NativeAmericanslivedhere.Eachtribe’sliteraturewastightlywovenintothefabricofdailylifeandreflectedtheunmistakablyAmericanexperienceofliningwiththeland.AnotherkindofexperienceonefilledwithfearandexcitementfounditsexpressioninthereportsthatColumbusandotherexplorerssenthomeinSpainFranceandEngland.InadditionthejournalsofthepeoplewholivedanddiedintheNewEnglandwildernesstellunforgettabletalesofhardandsometimesheartbreakingexperiencesofthoseearlyyears.ExperiencethenisthekeytoearlyAmericanliterature.TheNewWorldprovidedagreatvarietyofexperiencesandtheseexperiencesdemandedawidevarietyofexpressionsbyanevenwidervarietyofearlyAmericanwriters.ThesewritersincludedJohnSmithwhospentonlytwo-andahalfyearsontheAmericancontinent.TheyincludedJonathanEdwardsandWilliamByrdwhothoughtofthemselvesasBritishsubjectsneversuspectingarevolutionthatwouldcreateaUnitedStatesofAmericawithaliteratureofitsown.AmericanIndiansexplorersPuritanministersfrontierwivesplantationowner-theyareallthecreatorsofthefirstAmericanliterature.Whatdoes’thathope’inthefirstparagraphreferto
Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber海参.Alllivingcreaturesespeciallyhumanbeingshavetheirpeculiaritiesbuteverythingaboutthelittleseacucumberseemsunusual.Whatelsecanbesaidaboutanoddanimalthatamongothereccentricitieseatsmudfeedsalmostcontinuouslydayandnightbutcanlivewithouteatingforlongperiodsandcanbepoisonoushutisconsideredsupremelyediblebygourmets美食家 Forsomefiftymillionyearsdespiteallitseccentricitiestheseacucumberhassubsistedonitsdietofmud.Itisadaptableenoughtoliveattachedtorocksbyitstubefeetunderrocksinshallowwateroronthesurfaceofmudfiats.CommonincoolwateronbothAtlanticandPacificshoresithastheabilitytosuckup.mudorsandanddigestwhatevernutrientsarepresent. Seacucumberscomeinavarietyofcolorsrangingfromblacktoreddish-browntosandcolorandnearlywhite.Oneformevenhadvividpurpletentacles.Usuallythecreaturesarecucumbers-shaped——hencetheirname——andbecausetheyaretypicallyrockinhabitantsthisshapecombinedwithflexibilityenablesthemtosqueezeintonarrowcrackswheretheyaresafefrompredatorsandoceancurrents. Whichofthefollowingcharacteristicsoftheseacucumberseemstofascinatetheauthormost
Maryislookingforthebookshelostyesterday.
NoJetlag时差反应Anymore Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancescomplainofjetlag时差反应.Jetlagmakesbusinesstravelerslessproductive对产的有成效的andmoreprone51makingmistakes.Itisactuallycausedby52ofyour"bodyclock"-asmallcluster串组群ofbraincellsthatcontrolsthetimingofbiological53.Thebodyclockisdesignedforaregularrhythm节奏ofdaylightanddarknesssothatitisthrownoutofbalancewhenitexperiencesdaylightanddarknessatthe"wrong"timesinanewtimezone.The54ofjetlagoftenpersist持续fordays55theinternalbodyclockslowlyadjuststothenewtimezone. Nowanewanti-jetlagsystemisavailablethatisbasedonproven56andpioneeringscientificresearch.Dr.MartinMoorehasdevisedapracticalstrategytoadjustthebodyclockmuchsoonertothenewtimezone57controlledexposuretobrightlight.Thetimezoneshift转换iseasytoaccomplishandeliminates消除58ofthediscomfortofjetlag. 62
Thereisanabundantsupplyofcheaplaborinthiscountry.
{{*HTML*}}MuseumsintheModernWorld??Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesfortheprivilegedfeworforboredvacationerstovisitonrainydays.Actionanddemocracyarewordsusedindescriptionsofmuseumsnow.??AtasciencemuseuminOntarioCanadayoucanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmlesselectricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCityyoucanlookat17thcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheirmusic.AttheModemMuseuminSwedenyoucanputoncostumesprovidedbytheStockholmOpera.Astheseexamplesshowmuseumsarereachingouttonewaudiencesparticularlytheyoungthepoorandthelesseducatedmembersofthepopulation.Asaresultattendanceisincreasing.??Moreandmoremuseumsdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycansomehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsforexampletherearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouchlistenoperateandexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.Hecanhavetheexperienceofoperatingaspaceshiporacomputer.Hecanexperimentwithglassblowingandpapermaking.Thepurposeisnotonlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeelathomeintheworldofscience.Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstandsciencewillprobablyfearitandthosewhofearsciencewillnotuseittothebestadvantage.Manymuseumsnowprovideeducationalservicesandchildren’sdepartments.Inadditiontotheusualdisplaystheyalsoofferfilmshowingsanddanceprograms.Insteadofbeingplacesthatoneshouldvisittheyareplacestoenjoy.??Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincreaseinwealthandleisuretime.Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoungpopulation.Manyoftheseyoungpeoplearecollegestudentsorcollegegraduatestheyarebettereducatedthantheirparents.Theyseethingsinanewanddifferentway.Theyarenotcontenttostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.Thesameistrueofscienceandhistory.IntheUScertaingroupswhoformerlyweretoopoortocareaboutanythingbeyondthebasicneedsofdailylifearenowbecomingcuriousabouttheworldaroundthem.Theyoungpeopleinthesegroupslikeyoungpeopleingeneralhavebenefitedfromabettereducationthantheirparentsreceived.Allthesegroupsandtherestofthepopulationaswellhavebeeninfluencedbytelevisionwhichhastaughtthemaboutplacesandothertimes.??Theeffectofallthishasbeentochangeexistingmuseumsandtoencouragethebuildingofnewones.IntheUSandCanadaalonetherearenowmorethan6000museumsalmosttwiceasmanyastherewere25yearsago.Abouthalfofthemaredevotedtohistoryandtherestareevenlydividedbetweentheartsandsciences.ThenumberofvisitorsaccordingtotheAmericanAssociationofmuseumshasrisentomorethan700millionayear.??Infactthecrowdsofvisitorsatsomemuseumsarecreatingamajorproblemadmissiontomuseumshasalwaysbeeneitherfreeorveryinexpensivebutnowsomemuseumsarechargingentrancefeesforthefirsttimeorraisingtheirprices.Evenwhenraisedhoweverentrancefeesaregenerallytoolowtosupportamuseumwithitsusuallylargebuildinganditshighlytrainedstaff.paragraph2______.
Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber海参.Alllivingcreaturesespeciallyhumanbeingshavetheirpeculiaritiesbuteverythingaboutthelittleseacucumberseemsunusual.Whatelsecanbesaidaboutanoddanimalthatamongothereccentricitieseatsmudfeedsalmostcontinuouslydayandnightbutcanlivewithouteatingforlongperiodsandcanbepoisonoushutisconsideredsupremelyediblebygourmets美食家 Forsomefiftymillionyearsdespiteallitseccentricitiestheseacucumberhassubsistedonitsdietofmud.Itisadaptableenoughtoliveattachedtorocksbyitstubefeetunderrocksinshallowwateroronthesurfaceofmudfiats.CommonincoolwateronbothAtlanticandPacificshoresithastheabilitytosuckup.mudorsandanddigestwhatevernutrientsarepresent. Seacucumberscomeinavarietyofcolorsrangingfromblacktoreddish-browntosandcolorandnearlywhite.Oneformevenhadvividpurpletentacles.Usuallythecreaturesarecucumbers-shaped——hencetheirname——andbecausetheyaretypicallyrockinhabitantsthisshapecombinedwithflexibilityenablesthemtosqueezeintonarrowcrackswheretheyaresafefrompredatorsandoceancurrents. Accordingtothepassagetheshapeofseacucumberisimp6rtantbecause
NoJetlag时差反应Anymore Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancescomplainofjetlag时差反应.Jetlagmakesbusinesstravelerslessproductive对产的有成效的andmoreprone51makingmistakes.Itisactuallycausedby52ofyour"bodyclock"-asmallcluster串组群ofbraincellsthatcontrolsthetimingofbiological53.Thebodyclockisdesignedforaregularrhythm节奏ofdaylightanddarknesssothatitisthrownoutofbalancewhenitexperiencesdaylightanddarknessatthe"wrong"timesinanewtimezone.The54ofjetlagoftenpersist持续fordays55theinternalbodyclockslowlyadjuststothenewtimezone. Nowanewanti-jetlagsystemisavailablethatisbasedonproven56andpioneeringscientificresearch.Dr.MartinMoorehasdevisedapracticalstrategytoadjustthebodyclockmuchsoonertothenewtimezone57controlledexposuretobrightlight.Thetimezoneshift转换iseasytoaccomplishandeliminates消除58ofthediscomfortofjetlag. 58
In1845SarahMatherinventedasubmarinetelescopethatcouldbeusedtolocateandstudyunderwaterobjects.
{{*HTML*}}MuseumsintheModernWorld??Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesfortheprivilegedfeworforboredvacationerstovisitonrainydays.Actionanddemocracyarewordsusedindescriptionsofmuseumsnow.??AtasciencemuseuminOntarioCanadayoucanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmlesselectricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCityyoucanlookat17thcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheirmusic.AttheModemMuseuminSwedenyoucanputoncostumesprovidedbytheStockholmOpera.Astheseexamplesshowmuseumsarereachingouttonewaudiencesparticularlytheyoungthepoorandthelesseducatedmembersofthepopulation.Asaresultattendanceisincreasing.??Moreandmoremuseumsdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycansomehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsforexampletherearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouchlistenoperateandexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.Hecanhavetheexperienceofoperatingaspaceshiporacomputer.Hecanexperimentwithglassblowingandpapermaking.Thepurposeisnotonlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeelathomeintheworldofscience.Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstandsciencewillprobablyfearitandthosewhofearsciencewillnotuseittothebestadvantage.Manymuseumsnowprovideeducationalservicesandchildren’sdepartments.Inadditiontotheusualdisplaystheyalsoofferfilmshowingsanddanceprograms.Insteadofbeingplacesthatoneshouldvisittheyareplacestoenjoy.??Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincreaseinwealthandleisuretime.Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoungpopulation.Manyoftheseyoungpeoplearecollegestudentsorcollegegraduatestheyarebettereducatedthantheirparents.Theyseethingsinanewanddifferentway.Theyarenotcontenttostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.Thesameistrueofscienceandhistory.IntheUScertaingroupswhoformerlyweretoopoortocareaboutanythingbeyondthebasicneedsofdailylifearenowbecomingcuriousabouttheworldaroundthem.Theyoungpeopleinthesegroupslikeyoungpeopleingeneralhavebenefitedfromabettereducationthantheirparentsreceived.Allthesegroupsandtherestofthepopulationaswellhavebeeninfluencedbytelevisionwhichhastaughtthemaboutplacesandothertimes.??Theeffectofallthishasbeentochangeexistingmuseumsandtoencouragethebuildingofnewones.IntheUSandCanadaalonetherearenowmorethan6000museumsalmosttwiceasmanyastherewere25yearsago.Abouthalfofthemaredevotedtohistoryandtherestareevenlydividedbetweentheartsandsciences.ThenumberofvisitorsaccordingtotheAmericanAssociationofmuseumshasrisentomorethan700millionayear.??Infactthecrowdsofvisitorsatsomemuseumsarecreatingamajorproblemadmissiontomuseumshasalwaysbeeneitherfreeorveryinexpensivebutnowsomemuseumsarechargingentrancefeesforthefirsttimeorraisingtheirprices.Evenwhenraisedhoweverentrancefeesaregenerallytoolowtosupportamuseumwithitsusuallylargebuildinganditshighlytrainedstaff.Nowmuseumsarenolongerrestrictedtotheprivilegedfewbut______.
EverybodywasgladtoseeMaryback
{{*HTML*}}MuseumsintheModernWorld??Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesfortheprivilegedfeworforboredvacationerstovisitonrainydays.Actionanddemocracyarewordsusedindescriptionsofmuseumsnow.??AtasciencemuseuminOntarioCanadayoucanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmlesselectricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCityyoucanlookat17thcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheirmusic.AttheModemMuseuminSwedenyoucanputoncostumesprovidedbytheStockholmOpera.Astheseexamplesshowmuseumsarereachingouttonewaudiencesparticularlytheyoungthepoorandthelesseducatedmembersofthepopulation.Asaresultattendanceisincreasing.??Moreandmoremuseumsdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycansomehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsforexampletherearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouchlistenoperateandexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.Hecanhavetheexperienceofoperatingaspaceshiporacomputer.Hecanexperimentwithglassblowingandpapermaking.Thepurposeisnotonlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeelathomeintheworldofscience.Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstandsciencewillprobablyfearitandthosewhofearsciencewillnotuseittothebestadvantage.Manymuseumsnowprovideeducationalservicesandchildren’sdepartments.Inadditiontotheusualdisplaystheyalsoofferfilmshowingsanddanceprograms.Insteadofbeingplacesthatoneshouldvisittheyareplacestoenjoy.??Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincreaseinwealthandleisuretime.Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoungpopulation.Manyoftheseyoungpeoplearecollegestudentsorcollegegraduatestheyarebettereducatedthantheirparents.Theyseethingsinanewanddifferentway.Theyarenotcontenttostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.Thesameistrueofscienceandhistory.IntheUScertaingroupswhoformerlyweretoopoortocareaboutanythingbeyondthebasicneedsofdailylifearenowbecomingcuriousabouttheworldaroundthem.Theyoungpeopleinthesegroupslikeyoungpeopleingeneralhavebenefitedfromabettereducationthantheirparentsreceived.Allthesegroupsandtherestofthepopulationaswellhavebeeninfluencedbytelevisionwhichhastaughtthemaboutplacesandothertimes.??Theeffectofallthishasbeentochangeexistingmuseumsandtoencouragethebuildingofnewones.IntheUSandCanadaalonetherearenowmorethan6000museumsalmosttwiceasmanyastherewere25yearsago.Abouthalfofthemaredevotedtohistoryandtherestareevenlydividedbetweentheartsandsciences.ThenumberofvisitorsaccordingtotheAmericanAssociationofmuseumshasrisentomorethan700millionayear.??Infactthecrowdsofvisitorsatsomemuseumsarecreatingamajorproblemadmissiontomuseumshasalwaysbeeneitherfreeorveryinexpensivebutnowsomemuseumsarechargingentrancefeesforthefirsttimeorraisingtheirprices.Evenwhenraisedhoweverentrancefeesaregenerallytoolowtosupportamuseumwithitsusuallylargebuildinganditshighlytrainedstaff.paragraph4______.
CharlieChaplin CharlieChaplinwasbornonApril161889inLondon.Hisfatherwasanentertainerandalthoughnotoneofthebignameshewasdoingverywell.HismotherHannahwasalsoanentertainer.WhiletheywerebynomeansrichthemusichallprovidedtheChaplinswithacomfortableliving. Unfortunatelyhappylifedidn’tlastlong.Father’salcoholismwasslowlybutsurelydestroyinghismarriage.Finallyitendedindivorce.ButHannahwasindomitable不屈不挠的.WithoutherCharlieChaplinwouldhavebecomejustonemorechildlostinthepovertyofVictorianLondon.SomehowshenotonlymanagedtokeepCharlieandhisbrotherSydneycleanandwarmclothedandfedbutsheconjured变戏法littletreatsforthem.Shewouldsitatthewindowwatchingthepassers-byandguessattheircharactersfromthewaytheylookedandbehavedspinningtalestodelightCharlieandSyney.Charlietookinherskillsandwentonusingthemallhislife. Charliehadalwaysbelievedevenintheworsttimethathehadsomespecialpotentialinsidehim.Hetookhiscourageandwenttoseeoneofthetoptheatricalagents.WithnoexperienceatallhewasbeingofferedthepartofBillythepageboy小听差inanewproductionof"SherlockHolmes"."SherlockHolmes"openedonJuly271903attheenormous"PavilionTheatre".Charlieseemedtochangeovernight.Itwasasifhehadfoundthethinghewasmeanttodo. In1910whenKamosetoffonitsyearlyAmericantourCharliewasregardedas"oneofthebestpantomime哑剧artistseverseenhere."TheyhadreachedPhiladelphiawhenatelegramarrivedandhewasbeingofferedthechancetoreplaceastarintheKeystonefilmcompany. CinemawasborninthesameyearasCharliethoughpeoplestillbelieveditwasapassingfad一时的狂热时尚andwouldneverreplaceliveshows.Hewaskepthangingaboutforseveralweeksandheusedthetimetowatchandlearn.Hewasdeterminedtomasterthisnewmedium.Itofferedhimthechanceofmoneyandsuccessanditwouldsethimfreefromtheunpredictabilityofliveaudience. Charlie’sfirstfilmreleasedinFebruary1914wascalled"Makingaliving".Thoughitdidn’tsatisfyCharliethepubliclikedit.Afterthathemadetenfilmsandhelearnedalot.ThepubliclovedhimanddistributorsweredemandingmoreandmoreChaplinfilms.InanincrediblyshorttimeCharliehadbecomeaveryimportantmaninmotionpicture. Charlieandhisbrotherpreferredtomakeupstoriesthemselveswhentheywerestilllittleboys.
Thereshouldbelawsthatprohibitsmokingaroundchildren.
{{*HTML*}}MuseumsintheModernWorld??Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesfortheprivilegedfeworforboredvacationerstovisitonrainydays.Actionanddemocracyarewordsusedindescriptionsofmuseumsnow.??AtasciencemuseuminOntarioCanadayoucanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmlesselectricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCityyoucanlookat17thcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheirmusic.AttheModemMuseuminSwedenyoucanputoncostumesprovidedbytheStockholmOpera.Astheseexamplesshowmuseumsarereachingouttonewaudiencesparticularlytheyoungthepoorandthelesseducatedmembersofthepopulation.Asaresultattendanceisincreasing.??Moreandmoremuseumsdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycansomehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsforexampletherearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouchlistenoperateandexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.Hecanhavetheexperienceofoperatingaspaceshiporacomputer.Hecanexperimentwithglassblowingandpapermaking.Thepurposeisnotonlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeelathomeintheworldofscience.Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstandsciencewillprobablyfearitandthosewhofearsciencewillnotuseittothebestadvantage.Manymuseumsnowprovideeducationalservicesandchildren’sdepartments.Inadditiontotheusualdisplaystheyalsoofferfilmshowingsanddanceprograms.Insteadofbeingplacesthatoneshouldvisittheyareplacestoenjoy.??Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincreaseinwealthandleisuretime.Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoungpopulation.Manyoftheseyoungpeoplearecollegestudentsorcollegegraduatestheyarebettereducatedthantheirparents.Theyseethingsinanewanddifferentway.Theyarenotcontenttostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.Thesameistrueofscienceandhistory.IntheUScertaingroupswhoformerlyweretoopoortocareaboutanythingbeyondthebasicneedsofdailylifearenowbecomingcuriousabouttheworldaroundthem.Theyoungpeopleinthesegroupslikeyoungpeopleingeneralhavebenefitedfromabettereducationthantheirparentsreceived.Allthesegroupsandtherestofthepopulationaswellhavebeeninfluencedbytelevisionwhichhastaughtthemaboutplacesandothertimes.??Theeffectofallthishasbeentochangeexistingmuseumsandtoencouragethebuildingofnewones.IntheUSandCanadaalonetherearenowmorethan6000museumsalmosttwiceasmanyastherewere25yearsago.Abouthalfofthemaredevotedtohistoryandtherestareevenlydividedbetweentheartsandsciences.ThenumberofvisitorsaccordingtotheAmericanAssociationofmuseumshasrisentomorethan700millionayear.??Infactthecrowdsofvisitorsatsomemuseumsarecreatingamajorproblemadmissiontomuseumshasalwaysbeeneitherfreeorveryinexpensivebutnowsomemuseumsarechargingentrancefeesforthefirsttimeorraisingtheirprices.Evenwhenraisedhoweverentrancefeesaregenerallytoolowtosupportamuseumwithitsusuallylargebuildinganditshighlytrainedstaff.Tomeettheneedsofsocietymoremuseums______.
NoJetlag时差反应Anymore Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancescomplainofjetlag时差反应.Jetlagmakesbusinesstravelerslessproductive对产的有成效的andmoreprone51makingmistakes.Itisactuallycausedby52ofyour"bodyclock"-asmallcluster串组群ofbraincellsthatcontrolsthetimingofbiological53.Thebodyclockisdesignedforaregularrhythm节奏ofdaylightanddarknesssothatitisthrownoutofbalancewhenitexperiencesdaylightanddarknessatthe"wrong"timesinanewtimezone.The54ofjetlagoftenpersist持续fordays55theinternalbodyclockslowlyadjuststothenewtimezone. Nowanewanti-jetlagsystemisavailablethatisbasedonproven56andpioneeringscientificresearch.Dr.MartinMoorehasdevisedapracticalstrategytoadjustthebodyclockmuchsoonertothenewtimezone57controlledexposuretobrightlight.Thetimezoneshift转换iseasytoaccomplishandeliminates消除58ofthediscomfortofjetlag. 52
DreamsofFlight Thestoryofman’sdreamofflightofhisdesiretoreachthestarsisasoldasmankinditself.AccordingtoGreeklegendDaedaluswasthefirstmantofly.HeandhissonhadbeenkeptonanislandinordertoescapeDaedalusshapedwingsofwax蜡intowhichhestuckbirdfeathers.Duringtheirflighthissonflewtoohighandthesunmeltedthewax.Hewasdrownedinthesea.ThefatherwassupposedtohavecontinuedhisNightandreachedSicilyseveralhundredmilesaway. ThereisalsoanEnglishlegendofKingBladudwhoduringhisruleintheninthcenturyB.C.usedwingstofly.Buthisflightwasshort-livedandhefelltohisdeath.Thedreamofflyingcontinuedbutinallthelegendstheflierroselikeabirdonlytofalllikeastone.Ittookhundredsofyearsthatmenflewupintotheairandreturnedtoearthsafely. ThefirstmantoapproachflyingonascientificbasiswasanEnglishmanwholivedduringthethirteenthcentury.Helookedattheairaboutusasaseaandhebelievedthataballooncouldfloatontheairjustasaboatdidonwater.AlmostfourhundredyearslateranItalianpriestappliedhisprincipleofairflight.Hedesignedaboatwhichwouldbeheldintheairbyfourhollowspheres空心球.Eachofthefourballswastobe20feetindiameter直径andmadeofverythincopper.Buthisboatwasnever.builtsinceitwasnotpossibletomakespheresofsuchthinmetalandsuchsizeinthosedays. HowdidDaedalusmanagetoescapetoSicilyaccordingtothepassage
NoJetlag时差反应Anymore Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancescomplainofjetlag时差反应.Jetlagmakesbusinesstravelerslessproductive对产的有成效的andmoreprone51makingmistakes.Itisactuallycausedby52ofyour"bodyclock"-asmallcluster串组群ofbraincellsthatcontrolsthetimingofbiological53.Thebodyclockisdesignedforaregularrhythm节奏ofdaylightanddarknesssothatitisthrownoutofbalancewhenitexperiencesdaylightanddarknessatthe"wrong"timesinanewtimezone.The54ofjetlagoftenpersist持续fordays55theinternalbodyclockslowlyadjuststothenewtimezone. Nowanewanti-jetlagsystemisavailablethatisbasedonproven56andpioneeringscientificresearch.Dr.MartinMoorehasdevisedapracticalstrategytoadjustthebodyclockmuchsoonertothenewtimezone57controlledexposuretobrightlight.Thetimezoneshift转换iseasytoaccomplishandeliminates消除58ofthediscomfortofjetlag. 56
NoJetlag时差反应Anymore Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancescomplainofjetlag时差反应.Jetlagmakesbusinesstravelerslessproductive对产的有成效的andmoreprone51makingmistakes.Itisactuallycausedby52ofyour"bodyclock"-asmallcluster串组群ofbraincellsthatcontrolsthetimingofbiological53.Thebodyclockisdesignedforaregularrhythm节奏ofdaylightanddarknesssothatitisthrownoutofbalancewhenitexperiencesdaylightanddarknessatthe"wrong"timesinanewtimezone.The54ofjetlagoftenpersist持续fordays55theinternalbodyclockslowlyadjuststothenewtimezone. Nowanewanti-jetlagsystemisavailablethatisbasedonproven56andpioneeringscientificresearch.Dr.MartinMoorehasdevisedapracticalstrategytoadjustthebodyclockmuchsoonertothenewtimezone57controlledexposuretobrightlight.Thetimezoneshift转换iseasytoaccomplishandeliminates消除58ofthediscomfortofjetlag. 60
RecentdiscoveriesinMontanaindicatethatsomedinosaursmayhaveresidedincolonies.
NoJetlag时差反应Anymore Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancescomplainofjetlag时差反应.Jetlagmakesbusinesstravelerslessproductive对产的有成效的andmoreprone51makingmistakes.Itisactuallycausedby52ofyour"bodyclock"-asmallcluster串组群ofbraincellsthatcontrolsthetimingofbiological53.Thebodyclockisdesignedforaregularrhythm节奏ofdaylightanddarknesssothatitisthrownoutofbalancewhenitexperiencesdaylightanddarknessatthe"wrong"timesinanewtimezone.The54ofjetlagoftenpersist持续fordays55theinternalbodyclockslowlyadjuststothenewtimezone. Nowanewanti-jetlagsystemisavailablethatisbasedonproven56andpioneeringscientificresearch.Dr.MartinMoorehasdevisedapracticalstrategytoadjustthebodyclockmuchsoonertothenewtimezone57controlledexposuretobrightlight.Thetimezoneshift转换iseasytoaccomplishandeliminates消除58ofthediscomfortofjetlag. 54
ThekindofthingthathappenedlastSaturdaynightisaregularoccurrenceinthevillage.
DreamsofFlight Thestoryofman’sdreamofflightofhisdesiretoreachthestarsisasoldasmankinditself.AccordingtoGreeklegendDaedaluswasthefirstmantofly.HeandhissonhadbeenkeptonanislandinordertoescapeDaedalusshapedwingsofwax蜡intowhichhestuckbirdfeathers.Duringtheirflighthissonflewtoohighandthesunmeltedthewax.Hewasdrownedinthesea.ThefatherwassupposedtohavecontinuedhisNightandreachedSicilyseveralhundredmilesaway. ThereisalsoanEnglishlegendofKingBladudwhoduringhisruleintheninthcenturyB.C.usedwingstofly.Buthisflightwasshort-livedandhefelltohisdeath.Thedreamofflyingcontinuedbutinallthelegendstheflierroselikeabirdonlytofalllikeastone.Ittookhundredsofyearsthatmenflewupintotheairandreturnedtoearthsafely. ThefirstmantoapproachflyingonascientificbasiswasanEnglishmanwholivedduringthethirteenthcentury.Helookedattheairaboutusasaseaandhebelievedthataballooncouldfloatontheairjustasaboatdidonwater.AlmostfourhundredyearslateranItalianpriestappliedhisprincipleofairflight.Hedesignedaboatwhichwouldbeheldintheairbyfourhollowspheres空心球.Eachofthefourballswastobe20feetindiameter直径andmadeofverythincopper.Buthisboatwasnever.builtsinceitwasnotpossibletomakespheresofsuchthinmetalandsuchsizeinthosedays. Accordingtothelastparagraphmancouldnotflywithflapping-wingflyingmachinesbecause
NoJetlag时差反应Anymore Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancescomplainofjetlag时差反应.Jetlagmakesbusinesstravelerslessproductive对产的有成效的andmoreprone51makingmistakes.Itisactuallycausedby52ofyour"bodyclock"-asmallcluster串组群ofbraincellsthatcontrolsthetimingofbiological53.Thebodyclockisdesignedforaregularrhythm节奏ofdaylightanddarknesssothatitisthrownoutofbalancewhenitexperiencesdaylightanddarknessatthe"wrong"timesinanewtimezone.The54ofjetlagoftenpersist持续fordays55theinternalbodyclockslowlyadjuststothenewtimezone. Nowanewanti-jetlagsystemisavailablethatisbasedonproven56andpioneeringscientificresearch.Dr.MartinMoorehasdevisedapracticalstrategytoadjustthebodyclockmuchsoonertothenewtimezone57controlledexposuretobrightlight.Thetimezoneshift转换iseasytoaccomplishandeliminates消除58ofthediscomfortofjetlag. 64
Ihopeyouhaveleftnoneofyourbelongingsinthehotel.
CharlieChaplin CharlieChaplinwasbornonApril161889inLondon.Hisfatherwasanentertainerandalthoughnotoneofthebignameshewasdoingverywell.HismotherHannahwasalsoanentertainer.WhiletheywerebynomeansrichthemusichallprovidedtheChaplinswithacomfortableliving. Unfortunatelyhappylifedidn’tlastlong.Father’salcoholismwasslowlybutsurelydestroyinghismarriage.Finallyitendedindivorce.ButHannahwasindomitable不屈不挠的.WithoutherCharlieChaplinwouldhavebecomejustonemorechildlostinthepovertyofVictorianLondon.SomehowshenotonlymanagedtokeepCharlieandhisbrotherSydneycleanandwarmclothedandfedbutsheconjured变戏法littletreatsforthem.Shewouldsitatthewindowwatchingthepassers-byandguessattheircharactersfromthewaytheylookedandbehavedspinningtalestodelightCharlieandSyney.Charlietookinherskillsandwentonusingthemallhislife. Charliehadalwaysbelievedevenintheworsttimethathehadsomespecialpotentialinsidehim.Hetookhiscourageandwenttoseeoneofthetoptheatricalagents.WithnoexperienceatallhewasbeingofferedthepartofBillythepageboy小听差inanewproductionof"SherlockHolmes"."SherlockHolmes"openedonJuly271903attheenormous"PavilionTheatre".Charlieseemedtochangeovernight.Itwasasifhehadfoundthethinghewasmeanttodo. In1910whenKamosetoffonitsyearlyAmericantourCharliewasregardedas"oneofthebestpantomime哑剧artistseverseenhere."TheyhadreachedPhiladelphiawhenatelegramarrivedandhewasbeingofferedthechancetoreplaceastarintheKeystonefilmcompany. CinemawasborninthesameyearasCharliethoughpeoplestillbelieveditwasapassingfad一时的狂热时尚andwouldneverreplaceliveshows.Hewaskepthangingaboutforseveralweeksandheusedthetimetowatchandlearn.Hewasdeterminedtomasterthisnewmedium.Itofferedhimthechanceofmoneyandsuccessanditwouldsethimfreefromtheunpredictabilityofliveaudience. Charlie’sfirstfilmreleasedinFebruary1914wascalled"Makingaliving".Thoughitdidn’tsatisfyCharliethepubliclikedit.Afterthathemadetenfilmsandhelearnedalot.ThepubliclovedhimanddistributorsweredemandingmoreandmoreChaplinfilms.InanincrediblyshorttimeCharliehadbecomeaveryimportantmaninmotionpicture. Charliebelievedthatcinemawasonlyapassingfadanditwouldsoonerorlaterdisappear.
CharlieChaplin CharlieChaplinwasbornonApril161889inLondon.Hisfatherwasanentertainerandalthoughnotoneofthebignameshewasdoingverywell.HismotherHannahwasalsoanentertainer.WhiletheywerebynomeansrichthemusichallprovidedtheChaplinswithacomfortableliving. Unfortunatelyhappylifedidn’tlastlong.Father’salcoholismwasslowlybutsurelydestroyinghismarriage.Finallyitendedindivorce.ButHannahwasindomitable不屈不挠的.WithoutherCharlieChaplinwouldhavebecomejustonemorechildlostinthepovertyofVictorianLondon.SomehowshenotonlymanagedtokeepCharlieandhisbrotherSydneycleanandwarmclothedandfedbutsheconjured变戏法littletreatsforthem.Shewouldsitatthewindowwatchingthepassers-byandguessattheircharactersfromthewaytheylookedandbehavedspinningtalestodelightCharlieandSyney.Charlietookinherskillsandwentonusingthemallhislife. Charliehadalwaysbelievedevenintheworsttimethathehadsomespecialpotentialinsidehim.Hetookhiscourageandwenttoseeoneofthetoptheatricalagents.WithnoexperienceatallhewasbeingofferedthepartofBillythepageboy小听差inanewproductionof"SherlockHolmes"."SherlockHolmes"openedonJuly271903attheenormous"PavilionTheatre".Charlieseemedtochangeovernight.Itwasasifhehadfoundthethinghewasmeanttodo. In1910whenKamosetoffonitsyearlyAmericantourCharliewasregardedas"oneofthebestpantomime哑剧artistseverseenhere."TheyhadreachedPhiladelphiawhenatelegramarrivedandhewasbeingofferedthechancetoreplaceastarintheKeystonefilmcompany. CinemawasborninthesameyearasCharliethoughpeoplestillbelieveditwasapassingfad一时的狂热时尚andwouldneverreplaceliveshows.Hewaskepthangingaboutforseveralweeksandheusedthetimetowatchandlearn.Hewasdeterminedtomasterthisnewmedium.Itofferedhimthechanceofmoneyandsuccessanditwouldsethimfreefromtheunpredictabilityofliveaudience. Charlie’sfirstfilmreleasedinFebruary1914wascalled"Makingaliving".Thoughitdidn’tsatisfyCharliethepubliclikedit.Afterthathemadetenfilmsandhelearnedalot.ThepubliclovedhimanddistributorsweredemandingmoreandmoreChaplinfilms.InanincrediblyshorttimeCharliehadbecomeaveryimportantmaninmotionpicture. Charlie’sfirstfilmreceivedwideacknowledgefromaudience.
TheBeginningofAmericanLiteratureAmericanhasalwaysbeenalandofbeginnings.AfterEuropeans‘iscovered’AmericainthefifteenthcenturythemysteriousNewWorldbecameformanypeopleagenuinehopeofanewlifeanescapefrompovertyandpersecutionachancetostartagain.WecansaythatasnationAmericabeginswiththathope.WhenhoweverdoesAmericanliteraturebeginAmericanliteraturebeginswithAmericanexperiences.LongbeforethefirstcolonistsarrivedbeforeChristopherColumbusbeforetheNorthmenwho’found’Americaabouttheyear1000NativeAmericanslivedhere.Eachtribe’sliteraturewastightlywovenintothefabricofdailylifeandreflectedtheunmistakablyAmericanexperienceofliningwiththeland.AnotherkindofexperienceonefilledwithfearandexcitementfounditsexpressioninthereportsthatColumbusandotherexplorerssenthomeinSpainFranceandEngland.InadditionthejournalsofthepeoplewholivedanddiedintheNewEnglandwildernesstellunforgettabletalesofhardandsometimesheartbreakingexperiencesofthoseearlyyears.ExperiencethenisthekeytoearlyAmericanliterature.TheNewWorldprovidedagreatvarietyofexperiencesandtheseexperiencesdemandedawidevarietyofexpressionsbyanevenwidervarietyofearlyAmericanwriters.ThesewritersincludedJohnSmithwhospentonlytwo-andahalfyearsontheAmericancontinent.TheyincludedJonathanEdwardsandWilliamByrdwhothoughtofthemselvesasBritishsubjectsneversuspectingarevolutionthatwouldcreateaUnitedStatesofAmericawithaliteratureofitsown.AmericanIndiansexplorersPuritanministersfrontierwivesplantationowner-theyareallthecreatorsofthefirstAmericanliterature.WhatcanwelearnfromtheliteratureofthetribesofthenativeAmericans
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