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High-TechWarfare战争 Todayhigh-techwarfareisnolongeranabstractconceptbutarealissue. Technology______51tacticssociologyandthedevelopmentofweaponry武器.Italsocausesthechangesinbattles.Thenwhatarethenewcharacteristicsofmodernbattles______52bytheapplicationofhightechnologies? High4echwarfarenaturallyincludeshightechnology.Inmodernbattlesasinglekindofweaponcanhardlybe______53.Variousweaponrysuchasintelligencedetectionandinformationprocessingshould______54wellwitheachother.Aerial航空的weaponrybecomesthemainforceinbattlesinthesky.Precisionhoming精确自导weaponrylikecruisemissilesandmissiles______55satellitehomingsystemsbecomesthemainattackweapons. Battlecontrolsystemsplayadominantrole.Variousweaponsandlogistics后勤systemsare______56intoacomprehensiveframeworkcentrallyrepresentingthemodernhigh4echweaponry.Dependingonvarious______57equipmentandmeansinelectronicwarfareourarmywillnotbepassivelybeaten.______58thebattlefieldhigh-techwarfarehascreatedatypeofnon-linear非线性的chaos. Becauseoftheuseoflong-rangeprecisionweaponrytheoppositepartiesinwarfarecan’ttouchorseeeachotheranddistanceisnolongerthedecisivefactoraffectingthe______59ofbattlesitishardtoclearlydefinethelinesbetweenthefrontierandtherearaswellasattackanddefense.Thetraditionalthree-dimensionalair-seabattlefieldwillbe______60bythemulti-dimensionalbattlefieldcomposedofairseamagneticelectricalandinformationbattlefields.Nolarge-scalemovementscanbeconducted______61. Becausemodernweaponrysystemsarecloselyrelatedtochainsofdemandandcommunicationandelectronictechnologytheparties______62havetopayattentiontotheusufruct使用权andcontrolofelectromagneticfrequencyspectrum.Soelectronicwarfarebecomes______63importantandthenecessaryguaranteeofvictory.Whatever64warfaregoestoandwhatevercloak宽大外衣itwearsitalwaysviolatespeaceandbringstheworldbloodshed流血.Mostpeoplethinkofhightechnologyasa______65toenhanceetheirlivesandtheydon’twishittobeusedtodestroylives.
High-TechWarfare战争 Todayhigh-techwarfareisnolongeranabstractconceptbutarealissue. Technology______51tacticssociologyandthedevelopmentofweaponry武器.Italsocausesthechangesinbattles.Thenwhatarethenewcharacteristicsofmodernbattles______52bytheapplicationofhightechnologies? High4echwarfarenaturallyincludeshightechnology.Inmodernbattlesasinglekindofweaponcanhardlybe______53.Variousweaponrysuchasintelligencedetectionandinformationprocessingshould______54wellwitheachother.Aerial航空的weaponrybecomesthemainforceinbattlesinthesky.Precisionhoming精确自导weaponrylikecruisemissilesandmissiles______55satellitehomingsystemsbecomesthemainattackweapons. Battlecontrolsystemsplayadominantrole.Variousweaponsandlogistics后勤systemsare______56intoacomprehensiveframeworkcentrallyrepresentingthemodernhigh4echweaponry.Dependingonvarious______57equipmentandmeansinelectronicwarfareourarmywillnotbepassivelybeaten.______58thebattlefieldhigh-techwarfarehascreatedatypeofnon-linear非线性的chaos. Becauseoftheuseoflong-rangeprecisionweaponrytheoppositepartiesinwarfarecan’ttouchorseeeachotheranddistanceisnolongerthedecisivefactoraffectingthe______59ofbattlesitishardtoclearlydefinethelinesbetweenthefrontierandtherearaswellasattackanddefense.Thetraditionalthree-dimensionalair-seabattlefieldwillbe______60bythemulti-dimensionalbattlefieldcomposedofairseamagneticelectricalandinformationbattlefields.Nolarge-scalemovementscanbeconducted______61. Becausemodernweaponrysystemsarecloselyrelatedtochainsofdemandandcommunicationandelectronictechnologytheparties______62havetopayattentiontotheusufruct使用权andcontrolofelectromagneticfrequencyspectrum.Soelectronicwarfarebecomes______63importantandthenecessaryguaranteeofvictory.Whatever64warfaregoestoandwhatevercloak宽大外衣itwearsitalwaysviolatespeaceandbringstheworldbloodshed流血.Mostpeoplethinkofhightechnologyasa______65toenhanceetheirlivesandtheydon’twishittobeusedtodestroylives.
第二篇PleaseFastenYourSeatbelts Severeturbulence湍流cankillaircraftpassengers.NowintestflightsovertheRockyMountainsNASA美国航空航天局engineershavesuccessfullydetectedclear-airturbulenceupto10secondsbeforeanaircrafthitsit. Clear-airturbulenceoftencatchespilotsbysurprise.Invisibletoradaritisdifficulttoforecastandcanhurl用力抛出去passengersaboutthecabin.InDecember1997onepassengerdiedandahundredotherswereinjuredwhenunexpectedroughaircausedaUnitedAirlinesflightoverthePacifictodrop300metresinafewseconds. Howeverpassengerscanavoidseriousinjurybyfasteningtheirseatbelts.Itistheonlyantidote对策forthissortofthingssaysRodBogueprojectmanageratNASA’sDrydenFlightResearchCenterinEdwardsCalifornia. Thecentre’snewturbulencedetectorisbasedonlidarorlaserradarLaserpulsesaresentaheadoftheplaneandthesearethenreflectedbackbyparticlesintheair.ThetechniquedependsontheDopplereffect.Thewavelengthofthelightshiftsaccordingtothespeedatwhichtheparticlesareapproaching.Incalmairthespeedequalstheplane’sairspeed.Butastheparticlesswirl打漩inroughairtheirspeedofapproachincreasesordecreasesrapidly.Therateofchangeinspeedcorrespondstotheseverity激烈程度oftheturbulence. Inaseriesofteststhatbeganlastmontharesearchjetflewrepeatedlyintodisturbedairoverthemountainridges山脉nearPuebloColorado.Thelidardetectorspottedturbulencebetween3and8kilometresaheadanditsforecastsofstrengthanddurationcorrespondedcloselywiththeturbulencethattheplaneencountered. Boguesaysthathehadacomfortableamountoftimetofastenhisseatbelt.Theresearchersareplanningtoimprovethelidar’srangewithamorepowerfulbeam.Thesystemcouldbeinstalledoncommercialaircraftinthenextfewyears. Theturbulencedetectorcantelltheseverityoftheturbulencebymeasuring
High-TechWarfare战争 Todayhigh-techwarfareisnolongeranabstractconceptbutarealissue. Technology______51tacticssociologyandthedevelopmentofweaponry武器.Italsocausesthechangesinbattles.Thenwhatarethenewcharacteristicsofmodernbattles______52bytheapplicationofhightechnologies? High4echwarfarenaturallyincludeshightechnology.Inmodernbattlesasinglekindofweaponcanhardlybe______53.Variousweaponrysuchasintelligencedetectionandinformationprocessingshould______54wellwitheachother.Aerial航空的weaponrybecomesthemainforceinbattlesinthesky.Precisionhoming精确自导weaponrylikecruisemissilesandmissiles______55satellitehomingsystemsbecomesthemainattackweapons. Battlecontrolsystemsplayadominantrole.Variousweaponsandlogistics后勤systemsare______56intoacomprehensiveframeworkcentrallyrepresentingthemodernhigh4echweaponry.Dependingonvarious______57equipmentandmeansinelectronicwarfareourarmywillnotbepassivelybeaten.______58thebattlefieldhigh-techwarfarehascreatedatypeofnon-linear非线性的chaos. Becauseoftheuseoflong-rangeprecisionweaponrytheoppositepartiesinwarfarecan’ttouchorseeeachotheranddistanceisnolongerthedecisivefactoraffectingthe______59ofbattlesitishardtoclearlydefinethelinesbetweenthefrontierandtherearaswellasattackanddefense.Thetraditionalthree-dimensionalair-seabattlefieldwillbe______60bythemulti-dimensionalbattlefieldcomposedofairseamagneticelectricalandinformationbattlefields.Nolarge-scalemovementscanbeconducted______61. Becausemodernweaponrysystemsarecloselyrelatedtochainsofdemandandcommunicationandelectronictechnologytheparties______62havetopayattentiontotheusufruct使用权andcontrolofelectromagneticfrequencyspectrum.Soelectronicwarfarebecomes______63importantandthenecessaryguaranteeofvictory.Whatever64warfaregoestoandwhatevercloak宽大外衣itwearsitalwaysviolatespeaceandbringstheworldbloodshed流血.Mostpeoplethinkofhightechnologyasa______65toenhanceetheirlivesandtheydon’twishittobeusedtodestroylives.
第二篇PleaseFastenYourSeatbelts Severeturbulence湍流cankillaircraftpassengers.NowintestflightsovertheRockyMountainsNASA美国航空航天局engineershavesuccessfullydetectedclear-airturbulenceupto10secondsbeforeanaircrafthitsit. Clear-airturbulenceoftencatchespilotsbysurprise.Invisibletoradaritisdifficulttoforecastandcanhurl用力抛出去passengersaboutthecabin.InDecember1997onepassengerdiedandahundredotherswereinjuredwhenunexpectedroughaircausedaUnitedAirlinesflightoverthePacifictodrop300metresinafewseconds. Howeverpassengerscanavoidseriousinjurybyfasteningtheirseatbelts.Itistheonlyantidote对策forthissortofthingssaysRodBogueprojectmanageratNASA’sDrydenFlightResearchCenterinEdwardsCalifornia. Thecentre’snewturbulencedetectorisbasedonlidarorlaserradarLaserpulsesaresentaheadoftheplaneandthesearethenreflectedbackbyparticlesintheair.ThetechniquedependsontheDopplereffect.Thewavelengthofthelightshiftsaccordingtothespeedatwhichtheparticlesareapproaching.Incalmairthespeedequalstheplane’sairspeed.Butastheparticlesswirl打漩inroughairtheirspeedofapproachincreasesordecreasesrapidly.Therateofchangeinspeedcorrespondstotheseverity激烈程度oftheturbulence. Inaseriesofteststhatbeganlastmontharesearchjetflewrepeatedlyintodisturbedairoverthemountainridges山脉nearPuebloColorado.Thelidardetectorspottedturbulencebetween3and8kilometresaheadanditsforecastsofstrengthanddurationcorrespondedcloselywiththeturbulencethattheplaneencountered. Boguesaysthathehadacomfortableamountoftimetofastenhisseatbelt.Theresearchersareplanningtoimprovethelidar’srangewithamorepowerfulbeam.Thesystemcouldbeinstalledoncommercialaircraftinthenextfewyears. Whatdoesclear-airturbulenceprobablymean?Paragraph1
TheThreattoKiribati ThepeopleofKiribatiareafraidthatonedayinthenot-too-distantfuturetheircountrywilldisappearfromthefaceoftheearth-literally.SeveraltimesthisyearthePacificislandnationhasbeenfloodedbyasuddenhightide.Thesetideswhichsweptacrosstheislandanddestroyedhousescamewhentherewasneitherwindnorrain.ThisneverhappenedbeforesaytheoldercitizensofKiribati. Whatiscausingthesemysterioushightides?Theanswermaywellbeglobalwarming.Whenfuelslikeoilandcoalarebeingburnedpollutants污染物arereleased;thesepollutantstrapheatintheearth’satmosphere.Warmertemperaturescausewatertoexpandandalsocreatemorewaterbymeltingglaciers冰川andpolar极地的icecaps. IfthetrendcontinuesscientistssaymanycountrieswillsufferBangladeshforexamplemightloseone-fifthofitsland.Thecoral珊瑚islandnationsofthePacificlikeKiribatiandtheMarshallIslandshoweverwouldfaceanevenworsefate–theywouldbeswallowedbythesea.Thelossofthesecoralislandswouldbeeveryone’sloss.Coralformationsarehometomorespeciesthananyotherplaceonearth. Thepeopleofthesenationsfeelfrustrated.Theseaonwhichtheireconomieshavealwaysbeenbasedissuddenlythreateningtheirexistence.Theydon’thavethemoneyforexpensivetechnologicalsolutionslikeseawalls.Andtheyhavenocontroloverthepollutantswhicharebeingreleasedmainlybyactivitiesinlargeindustrializedcountries.Alltheycandoistohopethatindustrializedcountrieswilltakestepstoreducepollution. Theheatreleasedbyburningoilandcoalisthedirectcauseofglobalwarming.
TheThreattoKiribati ThepeopleofKiribatiareafraidthatonedayinthenot-too-distantfuturetheircountrywilldisappearfromthefaceoftheearth-literally.SeveraltimesthisyearthePacificislandnationhasbeenfloodedbyasuddenhightide.Thesetideswhichsweptacrosstheislandanddestroyedhousescamewhentherewasneitherwindnorrain.ThisneverhappenedbeforesaytheoldercitizensofKiribati. Whatiscausingthesemysterioushightides?Theanswermaywellbeglobalwarming.Whenfuelslikeoilandcoalarebeingburnedpollutants污染物arereleased;thesepollutantstrapheatintheearth’satmosphere.Warmertemperaturescausewatertoexpandandalsocreatemorewaterbymeltingglaciers冰川andpolar极地的icecaps. IfthetrendcontinuesscientistssaymanycountrieswillsufferBangladeshforexamplemightloseone-fifthofitsland.Thecoral珊瑚islandnationsofthePacificlikeKiribatiandtheMarshallIslandshoweverwouldfaceanevenworsefate–theywouldbeswallowedbythesea.Thelossofthesecoralislandswouldbeeveryone’sloss.Coralformationsarehometomorespeciesthananyotherplaceonearth. Thepeopleofthesenationsfeelfrustrated.Theseaonwhichtheireconomieshavealwaysbeenbasedissuddenlythreateningtheirexistence.Theydon’thavethemoneyforexpensivetechnologicalsolutionslikeseawalls.Andtheyhavenocontroloverthepollutantswhicharebeingreleasedmainlybyactivitiesinlargeindustrializedcountries.Alltheycandoistohopethatindustrializedcountrieswilltakestepstoreducepollution. Someindustrializedcountriesareunwillingtospendmoneyinreducingpollution.
Hetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.
High-TechWarfare战争 Todayhigh-techwarfareisnolongeranabstractconceptbutarealissue. Technology______51tacticssociologyandthedevelopmentofweaponry武器.Italsocausesthechangesinbattles.Thenwhatarethenewcharacteristicsofmodernbattles______52bytheapplicationofhightechnologies? High4echwarfarenaturallyincludeshightechnology.Inmodernbattlesasinglekindofweaponcanhardlybe______53.Variousweaponrysuchasintelligencedetectionandinformationprocessingshould______54wellwitheachother.Aerial航空的weaponrybecomesthemainforceinbattlesinthesky.Precisionhoming精确自导weaponrylikecruisemissilesandmissiles______55satellitehomingsystemsbecomesthemainattackweapons. Battlecontrolsystemsplayadominantrole.Variousweaponsandlogistics后勤systemsare______56intoacomprehensiveframeworkcentrallyrepresentingthemodernhigh4echweaponry.Dependingonvarious______57equipmentandmeansinelectronicwarfareourarmywillnotbepassivelybeaten.______58thebattlefieldhigh-techwarfarehascreatedatypeofnon-linear非线性的chaos. Becauseoftheuseoflong-rangeprecisionweaponrytheoppositepartiesinwarfarecan’ttouchorseeeachotheranddistanceisnolongerthedecisivefactoraffectingthe______59ofbattlesitishardtoclearlydefinethelinesbetweenthefrontierandtherearaswellasattackanddefense.Thetraditionalthree-dimensionalair-seabattlefieldwillbe______60bythemulti-dimensionalbattlefieldcomposedofairseamagneticelectricalandinformationbattlefields.Nolarge-scalemovementscanbeconducted______61. Becausemodernweaponrysystemsarecloselyrelatedtochainsofdemandandcommunicationandelectronictechnologytheparties______62havetopayattentiontotheusufruct使用权andcontrolofelectromagneticfrequencyspectrum.Soelectronicwarfarebecomes______63importantandthenecessaryguaranteeofvictory.Whatever64warfaregoestoandwhatevercloak宽大外衣itwearsitalwaysviolatespeaceandbringstheworldbloodshed流血.Mostpeoplethinkofhightechnologyasa______65toenhanceetheirlivesandtheydon’twishittobeusedtodestroylives.
第三篇 IstheTieaNecessity? TiesornecktieshavebeenasymbolofpolitenessandeleganceinBritainforcenturies.ButthecasualPrimeMinisterTonyBlairhasproblemswiththem.Reportssuggestthateventhecivilservantsmaystopwearingties.SoarethefamouslyformalBritishreallygoingtoabandontheneckties? Maybe.LastweektheUK’sCabinetSecretaryAndrewTurnbullopenlywelcomedatielessera.Fiehintedthatcivilservantswouldsoonbefreeofthecostliest12inchesoffabricthatmostmeneverbuyintheirlives. InfactBlairshowedthisattitudewhenhehadhisfirstgueststoacocktailparty.Manyofthemwerecelebrities知名人士withouttieswhichwouldhavebeenunimaginableevenintherecentpast. ForsomemoreconservativeBritishthetieisamustforproperappearance.EarlierLaborleaderJimCallaghansaidhewouldhavediedratherthanhavehischildrenseeninpublicwithoutatie.ForpeoplelikeCallaghanthetiewasasignofbeingcompleteofshowingrespect.Menweresupposedtowearatiewhengoingtochurchtoworkintheofficetoaparty-almosteverysocialoccasion. Buttodaypeoplehavebeguntoacceptacasualstyleevenforformaloccasions. Theoriginofthetieistricky.Itstartedassomethingcalledsimplyaband.Thetermcouldmeananythingaroundaman’sneck.Itappearedinfinerwaysinthe1630s.Frenchmenshowedaloveofthisparticularfashionstatement.Theirneckwear颈饰impressedCharlesIIthekingofEnglandwhowasexiled流放toFranceatthattime.WhenhereturnedtoEnglandin1660hebroughtthisnewfashionitemalongwithhim. Itwasn’thoweveruntilthelate18thcenturythatfancyyoungmenintroducedamorecolorfulflowingpieceofcloththateventuallybecameknownasthetie.Thenclubsmilitaryinstitutionsandschoolsbegantousecoloredaridpatternedtiestoindicatethewearer’smembershipinthelate19thcentury.AfterthatthetiebecameanecessaryitemofclothingforBritishgentlemen. Butnowevengentlemenaregettingtiredofties.Anywaythedayfeelsabiteasierwhenyouwakeupwithouthavingtodecidewhichtiesuitsyouandyourmood. WhichofthefollowingisNOTasocialoccasion?
Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing.
High-TechWarfare战争 Todayhigh-techwarfareisnolongeranabstractconceptbutarealissue. Technology______51tacticssociologyandthedevelopmentofweaponry武器.Italsocausesthechangesinbattles.Thenwhatarethenewcharacteristicsofmodernbattles______52bytheapplicationofhightechnologies? High4echwarfarenaturallyincludeshightechnology.Inmodernbattlesasinglekindofweaponcanhardlybe______53.Variousweaponrysuchasintelligencedetectionandinformationprocessingshould______54wellwitheachother.Aerial航空的weaponrybecomesthemainforceinbattlesinthesky.Precisionhoming精确自导weaponrylikecruisemissilesandmissiles______55satellitehomingsystemsbecomesthemainattackweapons. Battlecontrolsystemsplayadominantrole.Variousweaponsandlogistics后勤systemsare______56intoacomprehensiveframeworkcentrallyrepresentingthemodernhigh4echweaponry.Dependingonvarious______57equipmentandmeansinelectronicwarfareourarmywillnotbepassivelybeaten.______58thebattlefieldhigh-techwarfarehascreatedatypeofnon-linear非线性的chaos. Becauseoftheuseoflong-rangeprecisionweaponrytheoppositepartiesinwarfarecan’ttouchorseeeachotheranddistanceisnolongerthedecisivefactoraffectingthe______59ofbattlesitishardtoclearlydefinethelinesbetweenthefrontierandtherearaswellasattackanddefense.Thetraditionalthree-dimensionalair-seabattlefieldwillbe______60bythemulti-dimensionalbattlefieldcomposedofairseamagneticelectricalandinformationbattlefields.Nolarge-scalemovementscanbeconducted______61. Becausemodernweaponrysystemsarecloselyrelatedtochainsofdemandandcommunicationandelectronictechnologytheparties______62havetopayattentiontotheusufruct使用权andcontrolofelectromagneticfrequencyspectrum.Soelectronicwarfarebecomes______63importantandthenecessaryguaranteeofvictory.Whatever64warfaregoestoandwhatevercloak宽大外衣itwearsitalwaysviolatespeaceandbringstheworldbloodshed流血.Mostpeoplethinkofhightechnologyasa______65toenhanceetheirlivesandtheydon’twishittobeusedtodestroylives.
第二篇PleaseFastenYourSeatbelts Severeturbulence湍流cankillaircraftpassengers.NowintestflightsovertheRockyMountainsNASA美国航空航天局engineershavesuccessfullydetectedclear-airturbulenceupto10secondsbeforeanaircrafthitsit. Clear-airturbulenceoftencatchespilotsbysurprise.Invisibletoradaritisdifficulttoforecastandcanhurl用力抛出去passengersaboutthecabin.InDecember1997onepassengerdiedandahundredotherswereinjuredwhenunexpectedroughaircausedaUnitedAirlinesflightoverthePacifictodrop300metresinafewseconds. Howeverpassengerscanavoidseriousinjurybyfasteningtheirseatbelts.Itistheonlyantidote对策forthissortofthingssaysRodBogueprojectmanageratNASA’sDrydenFlightResearchCenterinEdwardsCalifornia. Thecentre’snewturbulencedetectorisbasedonlidarorlaserradarLaserpulsesaresentaheadoftheplaneandthesearethenreflectedbackbyparticlesintheair.ThetechniquedependsontheDopplereffect.Thewavelengthofthelightshiftsaccordingtothespeedatwhichtheparticlesareapproaching.Incalmairthespeedequalstheplane’sairspeed.Butastheparticlesswirl打漩inroughairtheirspeedofapproachincreasesordecreasesrapidly.Therateofchangeinspeedcorrespondstotheseverity激烈程度oftheturbulence. Inaseriesofteststhatbeganlastmontharesearchjetflewrepeatedlyintodisturbedairoverthemountainridges山脉nearPuebloColorado.Thelidardetectorspottedturbulencebetween3and8kilometresaheadanditsforecastsofstrengthanddurationcorrespondedcloselywiththeturbulencethattheplaneencountered. Boguesaysthathehadacomfortableamountoftimetofastenhisseatbelt.Theresearchersareplanningtoimprovethelidar’srangewithamorepowerfulbeam.Thesystemcouldbeinstalledoncommercialaircraftinthenextfewyears. Thelastparagraphtellsusamongotherthingsthat
第三篇 IstheTieaNecessity? TiesornecktieshavebeenasymbolofpolitenessandeleganceinBritainforcenturies.ButthecasualPrimeMinisterTonyBlairhasproblemswiththem.Reportssuggestthateventhecivilservantsmaystopwearingties.SoarethefamouslyformalBritishreallygoingtoabandontheneckties? Maybe.LastweektheUK’sCabinetSecretaryAndrewTurnbullopenlywelcomedatielessera.Fiehintedthatcivilservantswouldsoonbefreeofthecostliest12inchesoffabricthatmostmeneverbuyintheirlives. InfactBlairshowedthisattitudewhenhehadhisfirstgueststoacocktailparty.Manyofthemwerecelebrities知名人士withouttieswhichwouldhavebeenunimaginableevenintherecentpast. ForsomemoreconservativeBritishthetieisamustforproperappearance.EarlierLaborleaderJimCallaghansaidhewouldhavediedratherthanhavehischildrenseeninpublicwithoutatie.ForpeoplelikeCallaghanthetiewasasignofbeingcompleteofshowingrespect.Menweresupposedtowearatiewhengoingtochurchtoworkintheofficetoaparty-almosteverysocialoccasion. Buttodaypeoplehavebeguntoacceptacasualstyleevenforformaloccasions. Theoriginofthetieistricky.Itstartedassomethingcalledsimplyaband.Thetermcouldmeananythingaroundaman’sneck.Itappearedinfinerwaysinthe1630s.Frenchmenshowedaloveofthisparticularfashionstatement.Theirneckwear颈饰impressedCharlesIIthekingofEnglandwhowasexiled流放toFranceatthattime.WhenhereturnedtoEnglandin1660hebroughtthisnewfashionitemalongwithhim. Itwasn’thoweveruntilthelate18thcenturythatfancyyoungmenintroducedamorecolorfulflowingpieceofcloththateventuallybecameknownasthetie.Thenclubsmilitaryinstitutionsandschoolsbegantousecoloredaridpatternedtiestoindicatethewearer’smembershipinthelate19thcentury.AfterthatthetiebecameanecessaryitemofclothingforBritishgentlemen. Butnowevengentlemenaregettingtiredofties.Anywaythedayfeelsabiteasierwhenyouwakeupwithouthavingtodecidewhichtiesuitsyouandyourmood. WhendidBritishgentlemenbegintoweartiesregularly?
TheThreattoKiribati ThepeopleofKiribatiareafraidthatonedayinthenot-too-distantfuturetheircountrywilldisappearfromthefaceoftheearth-literally.SeveraltimesthisyearthePacificislandnationhasbeenfloodedbyasuddenhightide.Thesetideswhichsweptacrosstheislandanddestroyedhousescamewhentherewasneitherwindnorrain.ThisneverhappenedbeforesaytheoldercitizensofKiribati. Whatiscausingthesemysterioushightides?Theanswermaywellbeglobalwarming.Whenfuelslikeoilandcoalarebeingburnedpollutants污染物arereleased;thesepollutantstrapheatintheearth’satmosphere.Warmertemperaturescausewatertoexpandandalsocreatemorewaterbymeltingglaciers冰川andpolar极地的icecaps. IfthetrendcontinuesscientistssaymanycountrieswillsufferBangladeshforexamplemightloseone-fifthofitsland.Thecoral珊瑚islandnationsofthePacificlikeKiribatiandtheMarshallIslandshoweverwouldfaceanevenworsefate–theywouldbeswallowedbythesea.Thelossofthesecoralislandswouldbeeveryone’sloss.Coralformationsarehometomorespeciesthananyotherplaceonearth. Thepeopleofthesenationsfeelfrustrated.Theseaonwhichtheireconomieshavealwaysbeenbasedissuddenlythreateningtheirexistence.Theydon’thavethemoneyforexpensivetechnologicalsolutionslikeseawalls.Andtheyhavenocontroloverthepollutantswhicharebeingreleasedmainlybyactivitiesinlargeindustrializedcountries.Alltheycandoistohopethatindustrializedcountrieswilltakestepstoreducepollution. ThepeopleofKiribatiworrythatonedaytheircountrywillbetakenawaybyasuddenhightide.
High-TechWarfare战争 Todayhigh-techwarfareisnolongeranabstractconceptbutarealissue. Technology______51tacticssociologyandthedevelopmentofweaponry武器.Italsocausesthechangesinbattles.Thenwhatarethenewcharacteristicsofmodernbattles______52bytheapplicationofhightechnologies? High4echwarfarenaturallyincludeshightechnology.Inmodernbattlesasinglekindofweaponcanhardlybe______53.Variousweaponrysuchasintelligencedetectionandinformationprocessingshould______54wellwitheachother.Aerial航空的weaponrybecomesthemainforceinbattlesinthesky.Precisionhoming精确自导weaponrylikecruisemissilesandmissiles______55satellitehomingsystemsbecomesthemainattackweapons. Battlecontrolsystemsplayadominantrole.Variousweaponsandlogistics后勤systemsare______56intoacomprehensiveframeworkcentrallyrepresentingthemodernhigh4echweaponry.Dependingonvarious______57equipmentandmeansinelectronicwarfareourarmywillnotbepassivelybeaten.______58thebattlefieldhigh-techwarfarehascreatedatypeofnon-linear非线性的chaos. Becauseoftheuseoflong-rangeprecisionweaponrytheoppositepartiesinwarfarecan’ttouchorseeeachotheranddistanceisnolongerthedecisivefactoraffectingthe______59ofbattlesitishardtoclearlydefinethelinesbetweenthefrontierandtherearaswellasattackanddefense.Thetraditionalthree-dimensionalair-seabattlefieldwillbe______60bythemulti-dimensionalbattlefieldcomposedofairseamagneticelectricalandinformationbattlefields.Nolarge-scalemovementscanbeconducted______61. Becausemodernweaponrysystemsarecloselyrelatedtochainsofdemandandcommunicationandelectronictechnologytheparties______62havetopayattentiontotheusufruct使用权andcontrolofelectromagneticfrequencyspectrum.Soelectronicwarfarebecomes______63importantandthenecessaryguaranteeofvictory.Whatever64warfaregoestoandwhatevercloak宽大外衣itwearsitalwaysviolatespeaceandbringstheworldbloodshed流血.Mostpeoplethinkofhightechnologyasa______65toenhanceetheirlivesandtheydon’twishittobeusedtodestroylives.
High-TechWarfare战争 Todayhigh-techwarfareisnolongeranabstractconceptbutarealissue. Technology______51tacticssociologyandthedevelopmentofweaponry武器.Italsocausesthechangesinbattles.Thenwhatarethenewcharacteristicsofmodernbattles______52bytheapplicationofhightechnologies? High4echwarfarenaturallyincludeshightechnology.Inmodernbattlesasinglekindofweaponcanhardlybe______53.Variousweaponrysuchasintelligencedetectionandinformationprocessingshould______54wellwitheachother.Aerial航空的weaponrybecomesthemainforceinbattlesinthesky.Precisionhoming精确自导weaponrylikecruisemissilesandmissiles______55satellitehomingsystemsbecomesthemainattackweapons. Battlecontrolsystemsplayadominantrole.Variousweaponsandlogistics后勤systemsare______56intoacomprehensiveframeworkcentrallyrepresentingthemodernhigh4echweaponry.Dependingonvarious______57equipmentandmeansinelectronicwarfareourarmywillnotbepassivelybeaten.______58thebattlefieldhigh-techwarfarehascreatedatypeofnon-linear非线性的chaos. Becauseoftheuseoflong-rangeprecisionweaponrytheoppositepartiesinwarfarecan’ttouchorseeeachotheranddistanceisnolongerthedecisivefactoraffectingthe______59ofbattlesitishardtoclearlydefinethelinesbetweenthefrontierandtherearaswellasattackanddefense.Thetraditionalthree-dimensionalair-seabattlefieldwillbe______60bythemulti-dimensionalbattlefieldcomposedofairseamagneticelectricalandinformationbattlefields.Nolarge-scalemovementscanbeconducted______61. Becausemodernweaponrysystemsarecloselyrelatedtochainsofdemandandcommunicationandelectronictechnologytheparties______62havetopayattentiontotheusufruct使用权andcontrolofelectromagneticfrequencyspectrum.Soelectronicwarfarebecomes______63importantandthenecessaryguaranteeofvictory.Whatever64warfaregoestoandwhatevercloak宽大外衣itwearsitalwaysviolatespeaceandbringstheworldbloodshed流血.Mostpeoplethinkofhightechnologyasa______65toenhanceetheirlivesandtheydon’twishittobeusedtodestroylives.
FemaleBullfighting Itwasauniqueeye-catchingsight:anattractivewomaninashinybullfighter’ssuitswordinhandfacingthesharphornsofablack500-kilogrambeast. MostpeoplethoughtthedaysoffemalebullfightingwereoverinSpain_____46 ThefirstwomanfighterCristinaSanchezquitin1999becauseofmalediscrimination歧视ButVegaisdeterminedtobreakintowhatcouldbeSpain’smostresistantmalefield_____47 Spanishwomenhaveconqueredalmostallmaleprofessions._____48Thebulldoesnotaskforyouridentitycardshesaidinaninterviewafewyearsago.Sheinsistedthatshebejudgedforherskillsratherthanherfemaleness. Vegabecameamatador斗牛士in1997inthesouthwesterncityofCaceres._____49SheenteredabullfightingschoolinMalagaatagenineandperformedherfirstmajorbullfightatage14.ShehasfacedasmuchoppositionasSanchezdid.AndthedifficultieshavemadehergrowintoaverystrongbullfighterherbrotherJorgesays. The1.68-metretallandsomewhatshyVegasaysherloveofbullfightingdoesnotmakeheranylessofawoman._____50
第一篇NewFoodsandtheNewWorld Inthelast500yearsnothingaboutpeople–nottheirclothesideasorlanguages–haschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.Theoriginalchocolatedrinkwasmadefromtheseedsofthecocatree可可树bySouthAmericanIndians.TheSpanishintroducedittotherestoftheworldduringthe1500’s.Andalthoughitwasveryexpensiveitquicklybecamefashionable.InLondonshopswherechocolatedrinkswereservedbecameimportantmeetingplaces.Somestillexisttoday. ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorld.Around1600theSpanishbroughtitfromPerutoEuropewhereitsoonwaswidelygrown.IrelandbecamesodependentonitthatthousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedwhenthecropfailedduringthePotatoFamine饥荒of1845-1846andthousandsmorewereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmerica. TherearemanyotherfoodsthathavetraveledfromSouthAmericatotheOldWorld.Butsomeotherswentintheoppositedirection.Brazilisnowtheworld’slargestgrowerofcoffeeandcoffeeisanimportantcropinColombiaandotherSouthAmericancountries.ButitisnativetoEthiopiaacountryinAfrica.ItwasfirstmadeintoadrinkbyArabduringthe1400’s. AccordingtoanArabiclegendcoffeewasdiscoveredwhenapersonnameKaldinoticedthathisgoatswereattractedtotheredberriesonacoffeebush.Hetriedoneandexperiencedthewide-awakefeelingthatone-thirdoftheworld’spopulationnowstartsthedaywith. Someinthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphrefersto
Uptonowtheworkhasbeeneasy.
Inthelattercasetheoutcomecanbeseriousindeed.
High-TechWarfare战争 Todayhigh-techwarfareisnolongeranabstractconceptbutarealissue. Technology______51tacticssociologyandthedevelopmentofweaponry武器.Italsocausesthechangesinbattles.Thenwhatarethenewcharacteristicsofmodernbattles______52bytheapplicationofhightechnologies? High4echwarfarenaturallyincludeshightechnology.Inmodernbattlesasinglekindofweaponcanhardlybe______53.Variousweaponrysuchasintelligencedetectionandinformationprocessingshould______54wellwitheachother.Aerial航空的weaponrybecomesthemainforceinbattlesinthesky.Precisionhoming精确自导weaponrylikecruisemissilesandmissiles______55satellitehomingsystemsbecomesthemainattackweapons. Battlecontrolsystemsplayadominantrole.Variousweaponsandlogistics后勤systemsare______56intoacomprehensiveframeworkcentrallyrepresentingthemodernhigh4echweaponry.Dependingonvarious______57equipmentandmeansinelectronicwarfareourarmywillnotbepassivelybeaten.______58thebattlefieldhigh-techwarfarehascreatedatypeofnon-linear非线性的chaos. Becauseoftheuseoflong-rangeprecisionweaponrytheoppositepartiesinwarfarecan’ttouchorseeeachotheranddistanceisnolongerthedecisivefactoraffectingthe______59ofbattlesitishardtoclearlydefinethelinesbetweenthefrontierandtherearaswellasattackanddefense.Thetraditionalthree-dimensionalair-seabattlefieldwillbe______60bythemulti-dimensionalbattlefieldcomposedofairseamagneticelectricalandinformationbattlefields.Nolarge-scalemovementscanbeconducted______61. Becausemodernweaponrysystemsarecloselyrelatedtochainsofdemandandcommunicationandelectronictechnologytheparties______62havetopayattentiontotheusufruct使用权andcontrolofelectromagneticfrequencyspectrum.Soelectronicwarfarebecomes______63importantandthenecessaryguaranteeofvictory.Whatever64warfaregoestoandwhatevercloak宽大外衣itwearsitalwaysviolatespeaceandbringstheworldbloodshed流血.Mostpeoplethinkofhightechnologyasa______65toenhanceetheirlivesandtheydon’twishittobeusedtodestroylives.
Ourlivesareintimatelyboundupwiththeirs.
第三篇 IstheTieaNecessity? TiesornecktieshavebeenasymbolofpolitenessandeleganceinBritainforcenturies.ButthecasualPrimeMinisterTonyBlairhasproblemswiththem.Reportssuggestthateventhecivilservantsmaystopwearingties.SoarethefamouslyformalBritishreallygoingtoabandontheneckties? Maybe.LastweektheUK’sCabinetSecretaryAndrewTurnbullopenlywelcomedatielessera.Fiehintedthatcivilservantswouldsoonbefreeofthecostliest12inchesoffabricthatmostmeneverbuyintheirlives. InfactBlairshowedthisattitudewhenhehadhisfirstgueststoacocktailparty.Manyofthemwerecelebrities知名人士withouttieswhichwouldhavebeenunimaginableevenintherecentpast. ForsomemoreconservativeBritishthetieisamustforproperappearance.EarlierLaborleaderJimCallaghansaidhewouldhavediedratherthanhavehischildrenseeninpublicwithoutatie.ForpeoplelikeCallaghanthetiewasasignofbeingcompleteofshowingrespect.Menweresupposedtowearatiewhengoingtochurchtoworkintheofficetoaparty-almosteverysocialoccasion. Buttodaypeoplehavebeguntoacceptacasualstyleevenforformaloccasions. Theoriginofthetieistricky.Itstartedassomethingcalledsimplyaband.Thetermcouldmeananythingaroundaman’sneck.Itappearedinfinerwaysinthe1630s.Frenchmenshowedaloveofthisparticularfashionstatement.Theirneckwear颈饰impressedCharlesIIthekingofEnglandwhowasexiled流放toFranceatthattime.WhenhereturnedtoEnglandin1660hebroughtthisnewfashionitemalongwithhim. Itwasn’thoweveruntilthelate18thcenturythatfancyyoungmenintroducedamorecolorfulflowingpieceofcloththateventuallybecameknownasthetie.Thenclubsmilitaryinstitutionsandschoolsbegantousecoloredaridpatternedtiestoindicatethewearer’smembershipinthelate19thcentury.AfterthatthetiebecameanecessaryitemofclothingforBritishgentlemen. Butnowevengentlemenaregettingtiredofties.Anywaythedayfeelsabiteasierwhenyouwakeupwithouthavingtodecidewhichtiesuitsyouandyourmood. Thetiesymbolizesalloftilefollowingexcept
Canyoufollowtheplot?
第一篇NewFoodsandtheNewWorld Inthelast500yearsnothingaboutpeople–nottheirclothesideasorlanguages–haschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.Theoriginalchocolatedrinkwasmadefromtheseedsofthecocatree可可树bySouthAmericanIndians.TheSpanishintroducedittotherestoftheworldduringthe1500’s.Andalthoughitwasveryexpensiveitquicklybecamefashionable.InLondonshopswherechocolatedrinkswereservedbecameimportantmeetingplaces.Somestillexisttoday. ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorld.Around1600theSpanishbroughtitfromPerutoEuropewhereitsoonwaswidelygrown.IrelandbecamesodependentonitthatthousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedwhenthecropfailedduringthePotatoFamine饥荒of1845-1846andthousandsmorewereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmerica. TherearemanyotherfoodsthathavetraveledfromSouthAmericatotheOldWorld.Butsomeotherswentintheoppositedirection.Brazilisnowtheworld’slargestgrowerofcoffeeandcoffeeisanimportantcropinColombiaandotherSouthAmericancountries.ButitisnativetoEthiopiaacountryinAfrica.ItwasfirstmadeintoadrinkbyArabduringthe1400’s. AccordingtoanArabiclegendcoffeewasdiscoveredwhenapersonnameKaldinoticedthathisgoatswereattractedtotheredberriesonacoffeebush.Hetriedoneandexperiencedthewide-awakefeelingthatone-thirdoftheworld’spopulationnowstartsthedaywith. Whichcountryisthelargestcoffeeproducer?
Accordinglyanumberofothermethodshavebeenemployed.
FemaleBullfighting Itwasauniqueeye-catchingsight:anattractivewomaninashinybullfighter’ssuitswordinhandfacingthesharphornsofablack500-kilogrambeast. MostpeoplethoughtthedaysoffemalebullfightingwereoverinSpain_____46 ThefirstwomanfighterCristinaSanchezquitin1999becauseofmalediscrimination歧视ButVegaisdeterminedtobreakintowhatcouldbeSpain’smostresistantmalefield_____47 Spanishwomenhaveconqueredalmostallmaleprofessions._____48Thebulldoesnotaskforyouridentitycardshesaidinaninterviewafewyearsago.Sheinsistedthatshebejudgedforherskillsratherthanherfemaleness. Vegabecameamatador斗牛士in1997inthesouthwesterncityofCaceres._____49SheenteredabullfightingschoolinMalagaatagenineandperformedherfirstmajorbullfightatage14.ShehasfacedasmuchoppositionasSanchezdid.AndthedifficultieshavemadehergrowintoaverystrongbullfighterherbrotherJorgesays. The1.68-metretallandsomewhatshyVegasaysherloveofbullfightingdoesnotmakeheranylessofawoman._____50
TheThreattoKiribati ThepeopleofKiribatiareafraidthatonedayinthenot-too-distantfuturetheircountrywilldisappearfromthefaceoftheearth-literally.SeveraltimesthisyearthePacificislandnationhasbeenfloodedbyasuddenhightide.Thesetideswhichsweptacrosstheislandanddestroyedhousescamewhentherewasneitherwindnorrain.ThisneverhappenedbeforesaytheoldercitizensofKiribati. Whatiscausingthesemysterioushightides?Theanswermaywellbeglobalwarming.Whenfuelslikeoilandcoalarebeingburnedpollutants污染物arereleased;thesepollutantstrapheatintheearth’satmosphere.Warmertemperaturescausewatertoexpandandalsocreatemorewaterbymeltingglaciers冰川andpolar极地的icecaps. IfthetrendcontinuesscientistssaymanycountrieswillsufferBangladeshforexamplemightloseone-fifthofitsland.Thecoral珊瑚islandnationsofthePacificlikeKiribatiandtheMarshallIslandshoweverwouldfaceanevenworsefate–theywouldbeswallowedbythesea.Thelossofthesecoralislandswouldbeeveryone’sloss.Coralformationsarehometomorespeciesthananyotherplaceonearth. Thepeopleofthesenationsfeelfrustrated.Theseaonwhichtheireconomieshavealwaysbeenbasedissuddenlythreateningtheirexistence.Theydon’thavethemoneyforexpensivetechnologicalsolutionslikeseawalls.Andtheyhavenocontroloverthepollutantswhicharebeingreleasedmainlybyactivitiesinlargeindustrializedcountries.Alltheycandoistohopethatindustrializedcountrieswilltakestepstoreducepollution. ThecoralislandnationsofthePacifichavealonghistoryofcivilization.
第二篇 WalkingRobotCarriesaPerson ThefirstwalkingrobotcapableofcarryingapersonunveiledonFridayinTokyoJapan.ItscreatorsatWasedaUniversityinTokyoandtheJapaneseroboticscompany Tmsukhopetheirtwo-leggedcreationwillonedayenablewheel-chairuserstoclimbupanddownthestairsandassistthemovementofheavygoodsoverunevenground. Thebattery-poweredrobotcode-namedWL-16isessentiallyanaluminiumchairmountedontwosetsoftelescopicpoles.Thepolesareboltedtoflatplateswhichactasfeet.WL-16uses12actuators传动装置tomoveforwardsbackwardsandsidewayswhilecarryinganadultweighingupto60kilograms130pounds.Therobotcanadjustitsbodyandwalksmoothlyevenifthepersonitiscarryingshiftsinthechair.Atpresentitcanonlystepupordownafewmillimetersbuttheteamplanstomakeitcapableofdealingwithanormalflightofstairs. Ibelievethisbipedal两足的robotwhichIprefertocallatwo-leggedwalkingchairratherthanawheel-chairwilleventuallyenablepeopletogoupanddownthestairssaidAtsuoTakanishifromWasedaUniversity. WehavehadstrongrobotsforsometimebutusuallytheyhavebeenmanipulatorstheyhavenotbeengearedtocarryingpeoplearoundsaysRonArkinattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyandroboticsconsultantforSony.ButIdon’tknowhowsafeandhowuser-friendlyWL-16is. TmsukchiefexecutiveYoichiTakamotoarguesthatbipedalormulti-leggedrobotswillbemoreusefulthanso-calledcaterpillar毛毛虫modelsformovingoverunevenground. WL-16’snormalwalkingstepmeasures30centimetresbutitcanstretchitslegsto136cmapart.Theprototype原型iscurrentlyradio-controlledbuttheresearchteamplanstoequipitwithastick-likecontrollerfortheuserinfuture.TakanishisaiditwilltakeatleasttwoyearstodeveloptheWL-16prototypeintoaworkingmodel. Smallerground-hugging紧贴地面行走的robotshavebeendevelopedtopassacrosstrickyground.Onemaggot-like像蛆一样的deviceusesamagneticfluidtopulseitswayalongwhileanothersnake-likerobotusessmartsoftwaretodevisenewmovementstrategiesifthelandscapeaffectsanyonepart.Oneball-shapedrobotevenusesaleap-and-bounceapproachtotraveloverroughterritory.Butnoneofthesearebigorstrongenoughtocarryapersontoo. WhichofthefollowingistrueofWL-16?
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