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The Taj Mahal (泰姬陵) is a love story, a sad and beautiful onE. If it didn’t exist, we would easi...
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高中英语《甘肃省天水一中2013-2014学年高一上学期期末考试试卷试题及答案》真题及答案
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TobaccocompaniesarefightingeffortsintheUnitedStatesandAustraliatomaketheirproductslessappealing.InWashingtonafederaljudgelastweekblockedtheFoodandDrugAdministrationfromrequiringnewwarninglabelsoncigarettepacks.JudgeRichardLeonruledinacasebroughtbyfivetobaccocompanies.ThejudgetemporarilystoppedanewfederalrulewhichrequireslargenewwarningsstartingnextSeptember.Theseincludecolorimagessuchasadeadbodyordiseasedlungs.Andsimpletextwarningsnowappear.CongresscalledforcolorimagesshowingthedangersofsmokingsimilartowhatCanadadoes.ButthetobaccocompaniessaythenewrequirementsapprovedinJuneviolate侵犯theirfreespeechrightsguaranteedbytheConstitution.JudgeLeonsaidtheFDAcouldnotrequirethenewlabelsbeforealawsuit诉讼againstthegovernmentisdecideD.Someexpertssaytheprocesscouldtakeyears.ThejudgesaidhebelievedthecigarettemakerswerehighlylikelytowintheircasE.Hesaidtheimagesshouldbedesignedtoappealtoemotionsrejectinggovernmentargumentsthattheyshouldbepurelyfactual.Heaccusedthegovernmentoftryingtousethelabelstopromoteanobviousanti-smokingagenda!Theheadofananti-smokinggrouptheCampaignforTobacco-FreeKidscalledthedecisionwrongonthescienceandwrongonthelaw.Aboutone-fifthofAmericanadultssmokE.TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaystobaccokillsnearlysixmillionpeopleworldwideeachyear.Morethansixhundredthousandofthemarenon-smokerswhobreatheotherpeople’stobaccosmokE.InAustraliatobaccocompanieswanttostopwhatwouldbetheworld’smostrestrictivelawsoncigaretteadvertising.Cigarettescouldbesoldonlyinplainolive-greenpackages.Onlythebrandnameandhealthwarningscouldappear.TheSenatepassedthebilllastweekandsentitbacktotheLowerHousetoapproveminoramendments修正.ThelawistogointoeffectinDecemberofnextyear.Tobaccocompaniessaythelegislation法规violatestheAustralianconstitution.Theysayitwouldunjustlyreducethevalueoftheirbrandnamesandtrademarks.HealthMinisterNicolaRoxonsaysthegovernmentisreadyforalegalfight.68.WhatarethetobaccocompaniesintheUnitedStatesandAustraliafightingagainst?A.TherequirementstosellfewerproductstothepubliC.B.Therequirementstoprintnewwarninglabelsontheirproducts.C.ThemeasurestomaketheirproductsmoreattractivE.D.Thewaystomakethecompaniesclosetheirbusiness.69.WhatwarninglabeloncigarettepacksisbeingusedintheUnitedStates?A.Animageofadeadbody.B.Animageofdiseasedlungs.C.Textofhealthwarnings.D.Textofadvertisements.70.Whichcountryhasadoptedcolorimagesshowingthedangersofsmokingaswarninglabels?A.AmericA.B.AustraliA.C.CanadA.D.Britain.71.In2013whatwillAustraliancigarettesprobablylooklike?A.Plainolive-greenpackagesonlywithhealthwarnings.B.Plainolive-greenpackagesonlywiththebrandnameandhealthwarnings.C.Plainpackageswiththebrandnameandhealthwarnings.D.Plainpackageswithcolorimagesofadeadbodyordiseasedlungs.
Howdoyoudesignapayplanthatmotivatespeopletodotheirbestwork?A.newstudybythreeHarvardresearcherssuggestsanovelanswer:ShortlyafteryouhirenewworkersgivethemaraisE.Previousresearchhasshownthatpayingpeoplemorethantheyexpectmayelicitreciprocity相互作用intheformofgreaterproductivitynotesDeepakMalhotraaHarvardbusiness-administrationprofessorwhoworkedonthestudy.Whatheandhiscolleaguesfoundhoweverwasthattheconnectionbetweenmorepayandextraeffortdependsonpresentingtheincreaseasagift—thatisassomethingyou'vechosentodopurelyasanicegesturewithnostringsattacheD.Malhotraandhisteamstudied267peoplehiredbyoDeskaglobalonlinenetworkoffreelancerstodoaone-timedata-entryprojectforfourhours.Allofthenewhireswerepeopleindevelopingcountriesforwhomhourlywagesof$3and$4werehigherthanwhattheyhadbeenmakinginpreviousjobs.Theresearcherssplitthegroupupintothreeequalparts.Onegroupwastoldtheywouldearn$3anhour.A.secondgroupwasinitiallyhiredat$3anhourbutbeforetheystartedworkingtheygotasurprise:Thebudgetfortheprojecthadexpandedunexpectedlytheyweretoldandtheywouldnowbepaid$4anhour.Thethirdgroupwasoffered$4anhourfromthestartandgivennoincreasE.Eventhoughthesecondandthirdgroupswereeventuallypaidthesameamountthesecondgroupworkedharderandproducedmore—about20%more—thaneitheroftheothertwo.Peopleinthesecondgroupalsoshowedthemoststaminamaintainingtheirfocusallthewaythroughtheassignedtaskandperformingespeciallywelltowardtheendofthefourhours.Interestinglythemoreexperiencedemployeesinthehigh-performinggroupwerethemostproductiveofallapparentlybecausetheirpreviousworkexperienceledthemtoappreciatetherarityofanunexpectedraisE.ContrarytoconventionalwisdomMalhotrapointsoutthathigherpayinandofitselfdidn'tpromoteproductivity:Peoplewhomade$4anhourfromthebeginningworkednoharderthanthosewhowerehiredat$3andwerethenpaid$3.Togetthemostimpactfromtheirpayplansheaddscompaniesmightconsidernotonlywhattopaynewhiresbutwhentopayit.Thekeythingishowyoupresent[thereasonforanincrease]hesays.Dolingoutextramoneycouldpromoteproductivitymostifyoumakeitclearthatthepayraiseissomethingyou'rechoosingtodojustbecauseyoucan.OurtheoryisthatpeoplewillreciprocatE.Ifyoudosomethingnicethey'lldosomethingniceback.59.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheresearch?A.Noneoftheparticipantsearnedmorethan$4anhourinpreviousjobs.B.89oftheparticipantsgota$1wageraisefortheirhighproductivity.C.Itwassoimportantthatthebudgetforitwasincreasedintheprocess.D.StaminashowninitwaspositivelyrelatedtotheamountofmoneypaiD.60.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordstaminamostprobablymean?A.Thequalityofbeingintelligentorclever.B.Thequalityofdoingsomethingdifficultordangerous.C.ThephysicalormentalenergyneededtodoatiringactivityforalongtimE.D.A.particularmethodofdoinganactivityusuallyinvolvingpracticalskills.61.Whydidthesecondgroupproducemorethantheothertwogroups?A.Becausetheythoughttheywerebetterpaidthantheothergroups.B.Becausetheywereexperiencedemployeesfromdevelopingcountries.C.Becauseanunexpectedraiseremindedthemoftheirpreviouswork.D.Becausetheyfelttheywerenicelytreatedandtriedbesttorepayit.62.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A.Nopainsnogains.B.Itmattersnotwhatwegivebuthow.C.Honestyisthebestpolicy.D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.
GatewayAcademyPre-sessionalCoursesOurpre-sessionalcoursesareidealforstudentswhohaveaconditionalplaceataBritishuniversitybutwhoneedtoachieveacertainlevelofEnglishinordertobeaccepteD.ThecourseaimstoprovidestudentswiththeEnglishlanguageandstudyskillsthattheyneedinordertobesuccessfulatuniversityoranotheracademicestablishment.Itisimportanttonotethatcompletionofthecoursedoesnotguaranteestudents'entranceintoauniversity.Itisnecessaryforstudentstoshowduringthecoursethattheyhaveunderstoodtheinformationandskillsthattheyhavebeentaughtandcanapplythemtotheirwork.Pre-sessionalstudentsatGatewayAcademywillbenefitfrom:●Smallclasssizesnomorethan10studentsperclass●Twentythreehoursoftuitionperweek●Individualsupportandtutorials●Regularguestlecturers●TheuseoftheAcademy'sstudyandrecreationalfacilitiesincludingtheLanguageLibrarythecomputersuiteandtheacademy’ssportsfacilities.●A.variedsocialprogrammeincludingeveningentertainmentsandweekendexcursionstopopulartouristattractionsandcitiessuchasStonehengeOxfordandStratford-on-Avon.Thecourseoffersanall-aroundapproachtolearningandcoversreadingwritingspeakingandlisteningskills.Duringthecoursestudentswillreceiveinstructiononimportanttechniquessuchassummary-writinganalysingessaytitlesorganisingwritingnote-takinginlecturesgivingseminarsandmakingpresentations.Studentswillgainexperienceinworkingbothindividuallyandingroups.Aspartofthecourseallstudentswillworktowardsa5000-wordprojectintheirownfieldofstudy.Studentswillreceiveguidancefromtheirtutorsonhowbesttoconductresearchandwriteitupeffectively.Studentswillalsoworktowardsapresentationonthesamesubject.Thereisnofinalexamination.Theattendancesuccessfulcompletionofassignmentsandparticipationinclasswillbetakenintoaccount.StudentswillbegivenafullreportontheirprogressattheendofthecoursE.Studentsneedtobeawarethatthecourseinvolvesagreatdealofcourseworkwhichwillrequirestudentstomanagetheirtimeeffectively.68.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat_________.A.thecourseissuitableforstudentsofalllevelsB.thecoursewillensureyoursuccessatuniversityC.youcan'tgotouniversitywithouttakingthecourseD.thecourseemphasizestheapplicationofskills69.Studentswhotakethecoursewillprobably_________.A.makeanoverallimprovementinEnglishB.getchancestotraveleverywhereC.teachthemselvesintheirownfieldofstudyD.takeinterestinmakingpresentations70.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat_________.A.studentsareevaluatedcontinuouslyB.studentslistentoguestlecturerseverydayC.studentsarefreetoattendtheircoursesD.studentsshouldtakepartinsportsactivities71.Thepassageiswritteninorderto.A.suggestwaystoprepareforthecourseB.helpreadersfindrightcoursesC.introduceapproachestoEnglishstudyD.attractreaderstothecourse
Manyofusenjoythecompanionshipofpets.Infactaccordingtoa2002surveybytheAmericanPetProductsManufacturersAssociation62percentofAmericanhouseholdsincludepets.Theseanimalsdon'taskformuch—justashortlistofbasicssuchasfoodshelterveterinarycareandofcourseourcompanionship.Petsofferfarmoreinreturnteachingusaboutloveimprovingouremotionalandphysicalhealthandprovidinguswithunconditionalaffectionandfriendship.Companionanimalsarenaturalteachers.Theyhelppeopleofallageslearnaboutresponsibilityloyaltysharingandunconditionallove-qualitiesparticularlyessentialtoachild'shealthydevelopment.Throughhelpingtocareforapetchildrenalsolearntocarefortheirfellowhumanbeings.Thereisanestablishedlinkbetweenhowpeopletreatanimalsandhowtheytreateachother.Speciallytrainedassistancedogsprovidepeoplewhohavephysicalandmentaldisabilitieswiththeprofound极大的giftofindependencE.Assistancedogsarenotclassifiedaspetsunderthelawandtheyareallowedinpublicplaceswherepetsareprohibited.ThesedogsserveasthehandsearsoreyesoftheirhumanpartnersandassistthembyperformingeverydaytasksthatwouldotherwisebedifficultorimpossiblE.Dogsmayalsonoticechangesinbehaviorbodylanguageorsmelloftheirhumanpartnersalerting提醒themsothattheymayseekasafeenvironment.Petsaregoodforouremotionalandphysicalhealth.Caringforacompanionanimalcanprovideasenseofpurposeandfulfillmentandlessenfeelingsoflonelinessandisolation孤立inallagegroups.It’swell-knownthatrelaxedhappypeopledonotbecomeillasoftenasthosewhosufferfromstressanddepression.Animalcompanionshipalsohelpsloweraperson'sbloodpressurE.Dogwalkingpetgrooming刷洗andevenpettingprovideincreasedphysicalactivitythatstrengthenstheheartimprovesbloodcirculationandslowsthelossofbonetissue组织.Toputitsimplypetsaren'tjustgoodfriends;theyaregoodmedicinE.60.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Howpetshelppeople.B.Mostpeoplelikeanimals.C.Animalsarefriendly.D.Peopleneedanimalsverymuch.61.TheunderlinedwordprohibitedinParagraph3means________A.protectedB.forbiddenC.permittedD.controlled62.Fromthethirdparagraphwecanconcludethat______.A.dogscanserveashelperstothedisabledB.dogscangoanywhereinpublicplacesC.dogsknowalotaboutbodylanguageD.dogscanbegoodteachers63.Caringforanimalscankeepushealthybecauseitcanmakeus______.A.strongandstressfulB.busyandproductiveC.luckyandproudD.relaxedandhappy
Researchershavefoundthatpeoples'mentalabilitiespeakat22beforebeginningtodeclinejustfiveyearslater.ProfessorTimothySalthousesaidtheresultssuggestedthatthetreatmentdesignedtopreventorreverseage-relatedconditionsmayneedtostartearlierlongbeforepeopleretirE.Almosthalfofover50sareunawareofleadingcauseofmentalabilities'declinE.Resultsshowthatsomeaspectsofage-relatedcognitivedeclinebegininhealthyeducatedadultswhentheyareintheir20sand30shesaiD.Thestudyof2000menandwomenlastedoversevenyears.Therespondentsagedbetween18--60wereaskedtosolvevisualpuzzlesrecallwordsandstorydetailsandspotpatternsinlettersandsymbols.Similartestsareoftenusedtodiagnosementaldisabilitiesanddeclinesincludingdementia痴呆.TheresearchbytheUniversityofVirginiafoundthatin90utof12teststheaverageageatwhichthetopperformancewasachievedwas22.Thefirstageatwhichperformancewassignificantlylowerthanthepeakscoreswas27-forthreetestsofreasoningspeedofthoughtandspatialvisualization空间想象力.Memorywasshowntodeclinefromtheaverageageof37.Intheothertestspoorerresultswereshownbytheageof42.HoweverthereportpublishedintheacademicjournalNeurobiologyofAgeingfoundthatabilitiesbasedonaccumulatedknowledgesuchasperformanceontestsofvocabularyorgeneralinformationincreaseduntilattheageof60.Twenty-sevenhaslonghadnegativeconnotationsasitistheageatwhichmanypopularmusiciansdiedincludingJimiHendrixJimMorrisonBrianJonesJamsJoplinandKurtCobain.56.Whendopeople'smentalpowersstarttodeclinefromthepassage?A.At22.B.At27.C.At37.D.At42.57.ItcanbemainlyinferredfromProfessorTimonthySalthoursethat_____.A.themajorityofpeopleover50don'tknowthecauseofdeclineintheirmentalabilitiesB.theyoungbetweentheir20sand30s.startearlierincognitivedeclinethanothersC.preventionortreatmentshouldbecarriedoutlongbeforeD.thehealthyandeducatedadultsarelikelytosuffermentaldecline58.WhichofthetestwasnotincludedintheresearchbytheUniversityofVirginia?A.Speedofthought.B.Reasoning.C.Generalinformation.D.Visualpuzzles.59.Thereasonformanypeopledislikingtheage27maybethat_____.A.manypopularmusiciansdiedattheageof27B.at27mentalpowerstendtodecreaseC.thisagecan'tbringthemgoodluckD.peopleusuallyrelatethisagewithnegativeconnotations
Partofthemagicinmoviesisthecostumes.Theycantransformanormal-lookingactorintoacowboyaspacealienorevenasuperhero.CostumesformoviesaredesignedandcreatedbyawholeteamofpeopleaccordingtoCourtneyDanielaToronto-basedcostumedesignerwhoworkedontherecentmovieNightAtTheMuseum.AsadesignershedoesresearchtofindoutwhatdetailsareneededtomakeacostumeworkandwhatmakessenseforaspecificmoviE.InNightAtTheMuseumsheandafewotherdesignersspenttimeatlibrariesandmuseumsstudyingeverythingfromwhatcowboysshouldweartowhatancientEgyptiansandHunswouldhaveputon.Oncetheygottheinformationtheyneededtheyfiguredoutwhatfabrics织物touseandhowtoputthemtogether.Thedesignersevenchangedafewdetailstomakethecostumesmoremoviefriendly.Forexamplemorecolourandextratouches修饰helpedhistoricalcostumestobealiveforkids.OneexampleofthisisthecostumefortheroleinthemovieNightAtTheMuseumanIndianwomanSacagaweawhichhasashorterskirtandfitsmorecloselythantheclothestherealSacagaweawouldhaveworn.Danielhasalsoworkedoncostumesforotherbig-namemoviessuchasthesecondandthirdX-MenmoviesandCatwoman.IfyouarE.interestedinbeingacostumedesignerithelpstohaveaninterestinsewing.ShesaidLearninghowtosewandhowdifferentfabricsandmaterialsworkisimportant.SoisknowinghowtocarryoutresearchDaniel'sdegreeinarthistoryhelpedinthisareA.72.Accordingtothefirstparagraphthecostumes__________.A.helpdesignersbecomefamousB.playanimportantpartinmoviesC.canchangetheactors'characteristicsD.createateamofdesigners73.Accordingtothepassageadesigner__________.A.needstoknoweverycountry'scultureB.shouldlearnhowtocarryoutresearchC.needstolearnabouttheEgyptians'wayoflifeD.won'tbesuccessfulwithoutadegreeinarthistory74.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartmoviefriendlyinthethirdparagraphmean?A.Acceptabletothedirector.B.FreefortheaudienceC.Suitableformovies.D.Friendlytotheactors75.WhatdoweknowaboutthemovieNightAtTheMuseum?A.Sacagaweaisoneofthecharactersinit.B.Catwomanisanimportantcharacter.C.Ithasnothingtodowithcowboys.D.Itisabouttheevolutionofcostumes.
EveryoneknowsthattheFrenchareromantictheItalianarefashionableandtheGermansareserious.Ordothey?Arethesejuststereotypesoristherereallysuchathingasnationalcharacter?Andifthereiscanitaffecthowanationsucceedorfail?Atleastonegroupofpeopleiscertainthatitcan.A.recentsurveyofthetop500entrepreneurs实业家intheUKfoundthat70percentfeltthattheireffortswerenotappreciatedbytheBritishpublic.BritainishostiletosuccesstheysaiD.Ithasacultureofjealousy嫉妒.Asaresultthesurveysaidentrepreneurswereunlovedunwantedandmisunderstood.Jealousyissometimesknownasthegreen-eyedmonsterandtheUKisitshomE.ScientistsatWarwichUniversityintheUKrecentlytestedthisideA.Theygatheredagroupofpeopletogetherandgaveeachanimaginaryamountofmoney.Someweregivenalittleothersagreatdeal.Thosegivenalittlemoneyweregiventhechancetodestroythelargeamountsofmoneygiventoothers—butatthecostoflosingtheirown.Twothirdsofthepeopletestedagreedtodothis.Thisseemstoprovetheentrepreneurswererighttocomplain.ButthereisalsoconflictingevidencE.TheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopmentOECDrecentlyreportedthattheUKwasnowtheworld’sfourthlargesteconomy.Thatisnotbadforpeoplewhoaresupposedtohatesuccess.PeopleintheUKalsoworklongerhoursthananyoneelseinEuropE.SotheBritishpeoplearenotlazyeither.It’snotreallysuccessthattheBritishdislikesaysCareyCooperaProfessorofmanagementattheUniversityofManchesterInstituteofScienceandTechnology.It’speopleusingtheirsuccessinawaythatseemsarrogant傲慢orunfairorwhichseparatesthemfromtheirroots.Perhapsitistheentrepreneurswhoaretheproblem.Theysetouttodothingsintheirway.Theyworklonghours.Bytheirowneffortstheybecomemillionaires.Butinsteadofbeinghappytheycomplainthatnobodylovesthem.IthardlyseemsworthfollowingtheirexamplE.IftheyweremorefriendlypeoplewouldlikethemmorE.Andmorepeoplewanttobelikethem.67.Whatdoestheunderlineditinthesecondparagraphreferto?A.OnegroupofpeopleB.AgreatsurveyC.NationalcharacterD.Anation68.MostentrepreneurssurveyedbelievethatA.theyarenotpopularsimplybecausetheyaresuccessfulB.theBritishpublicarehardworkingC.loveofsuccessisBritain’snationalcharacterD.theyareconsideredasgreen-eyedmonsters69.WhatdoestheresultoftheWarwichUniversitytestshow?A.Twothirdsofthepeopletesteddidn’tlovemoneyB.MostpeoplewouldratherfailthanseeotherssucceedC.AnimaginaryamountofmoneydoesnotattractpeopleD.Mostpeoplearewillingtoenjoysuccesswithothers70.Thewriterofthepassageseemstosuggestthat.A.jealousyisBritain’snationalcharacterB.BritishentrepreneursarenotfairlytreatedC.thescientistsareWarwichUniversitydidasuccessfultestD.theBritishdisliketheentrepreneursbecausetheydonotbehaveproperly
TheylikeusingtheInternet.Theyhavelotsofpocketmoneytospend.Andtheyspendahigherproportionofitonlinethantherestofus.Teenagersarejustthesortofpeopleanonlinesellerisinterestedinandthethingtheywanttobuy---gamesCDsandclothing---areeasilysoldontheWeb.Butpayingonlineisatrickybusinessforconsumerswhoaretooyoungtoowncredit信用cards.Mosthavetouseaparent’scard.Theywantafacilitythatallowsthemtospendmoney.Thatmaycomesoonerthantheythink:newwaystotakepocketmoneyintocyber网络的spacearecomingoutrapidlyonbothsidesoftheAtlantic.Ifsuccessfultheseproductscanstimulate刺激onlinesales.Ingeneralteenagersspendhugeamounts:$153bnbillionintheUSlastyearand￡20bnannuallyintheUK.MostteenagershaveaccesstotheInternetathomeoratschool－88percentintheUS69percentintheUK.AccordingtotheJupiterResearchoneineightofthosewithInternetaccesshasboughtsomethingonline－mainlyCDsandbooks.Inmostcasesparentspayforthesepurchaseswithcreditcardsanarrangementthatisoftenunsatisfactoryforthemandtheirchildren.Pressingparentstospendonlineislessproductivethanpressingonthehighstreet.TheyaremorelikelytoaskWhy?ifyouasktospendsomemoneyonline.OnewaytohelpteenagerschangenotesandcoinsintocybercashisthroughprepaidcardssuchasInternetCashintheUSandSmartcardsintheUK.Similartothoseforpay-as-you–gomobiletelephonestheyaresoldonamountssuchas￡20or￡50withahidden14-digitnumbercanbeusedtoloadthecashintoonlineaccount.49.WhatdoesthewordTheyinparagraph1referto?A.Sellers.B.Buyers.C.Teenagers.D.Parents.50.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.MorethanhalfoftheteenagersintheUSandtheUKhaveInternetaccess.B.Teenagerspayforgoodsonlinewiththeirowncreditcards.C.MostteenagersintheUSandtheUKhaveboughtsomethingonline.D.Teenagersfounditeasiertopersuadeparentstobuyonlinethaninashop.51.Anewwaytohelpteenagersshoponlineistouse______.A.anewmachineB.prepaidcardsC.specialcoinsandnotesD.pay-as-you-gomobilephones52.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Onlineshoppingtraps.B.InternetusersintheUSandtheUK.C.Newcreditcardsforparents.D.Thearrivalofcyberpocketmoney.
TobaccocompaniesarefightingeffortsintheUnitedStatesandAustraliatomaketheirproductslessappealing.InWashingtonafederaljudgelastweekblockedtheFoodandDrugAdministrationfromrequiringnewwarninglabelsoncigarettepacks.JudgeRichardLeonruledinacasebroughtbyfivetobaccocompanies.ThejudgetemporarilystoppedanewfederalrulewhichrequireslargenewwarningsstartingnextSeptember.Theseincludecolorimagessuchasadeadbodyordiseasedlungs.Andsimpletextwarningsnowappear.CongresscalledforcolorimagesshowingthedangersofsmokingsimilartowhatCanadadoes.ButthetobaccocompaniessaythenewrequirementsapprovedinJuneviolate侵犯theirfreespeechrightsguaranteedbytheConstitution.JudgeLeonsaidtheFDAcouldnotrequirethenewlabelsbeforealawsuit诉讼againstthegovernmentisdecideD.Someexpertssaytheprocesscouldtakeyears.ThejudgesaidhebelievedthecigarettemakerswerehighlylikelytowintheircasE.Hesaidtheimagesshouldbedesignedtoappealtoemotionsrejectinggovernmentargumentsthattheyshouldbepurelyfactual.Heaccusedthegovernmentoftryingtousethelabelstopromoteanobviousanti-smokingagenda?Theheadofananti-smokinggrouptheCampaignforTobacco-FreeKidscalledthedecisionwrongonthescienceandwrongonthelaw.Aboutone-fifthofAmericanadultssmokE.TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaystobaccokillsnearlysixmil-lionpeopleworldwideeachyear.Morethansixhundredthousandofthemarenon-smokerswhobreatheotherpeople'stobaccosmokE.InAustraliatobaccocompanieswanttostopwhatwouldbetheworld’smostrestrictivelawsoncigaretteadvertising.Cigarettescouldbesoldonlyinplainolive-greenpackages.Onlythebrandnameandhealthwarningscouldappear.TheSenatepassedthebilllastweekandsentitbacktotheLowerHousetoapproveminoramendments修正.ThelawistogointoeffectinDecemberofnextyear.TobaccocompaniesSaythelegislation法规violatestheAustralianconstitution.Theysayitwouldunjustlyreducethevalueoftheirbrandnamesandtrademarks.HealthMinisterNicolaRoxonsaysthegovernmentisreadyforalegalfight.72.Whatarethetobaccocompaniesii1theUnitedStatesandAustraliafightingagainst?A.TherequirementstosellfewerproductstothepubliC.B.Therequirementstoprintnewwarninglabelsontheirproducts.C.ThemeasurestomaketheirproductsmoreattractivE.D.Thewaystomakethecompaniesclosetheirbusiness.73.WhatwarninglabeloncigarettepacksisbeingusedintheUnitedStates?A.Animageofadeadbody.B.Animageofdiseasedlungs.C.Textofhealthwarnings.D.Textofadvertisements.74.Whichcountryhasadoptedcolorimagesshowingthedangersofsmokingaswarninglabels?A.AmericA.B.AustraliA.C.CanadA.D.Britain.75.In2013whatwillAustraliancigarettesprobablylooklike?A.Plainolive-greenpackagesonlywithhealthwarnings.B.Plainolive-greenpackagesonlywiththebrandnameandhealthwarnings.C.Plainpackageswiththebrandnameandhealthwarnings.D.Plainpackageswithcolorimagesofadeadbodyordiseasedlungs.
CultureconsistsofallsharedproductsofhumansocietyRobertson1981.Thismeansnotonlysuchmaterialthingsascitiesorganizationsandschoolsbutalsonon-materialthingssuchasideascustomsfamilypatternslanguages.Puttingitsimplyculturereferstotheentirewayoflifeofasocietythewaysofapeople.Languageisapartofcultureandplaysaveryimportantroleinit.SomesocialscientistsconsideritthekeystoneofculturE.Withoutlanguagethemaintaining延续ofculturewouldnotbepossiblE.OntheotherhandlanguageisinfluencedandshapedbycultureitreflectsculturE.Inthebroadestsenselanguageisthesymbolicrepresentationofapeopleanditcomprises包含theirhistoricalandculturalbackgroundsaswellastheirapproachtolifeandtheirwaysoflivingandthinking.WeshouldnotgofurtherintotherelationshipbetweenlanguageandculturE.Whatneedstobestressedhereisthatthetwointeractandthatunderstandingofonerequiresunderstandingoftheother.SocialscientiststellusthatculturesdifferfromoneanotherthateachcultureisuniquE.AsculturesarediversesolanguagesarediversE.Itisonlynaturalthenthatwithdifferencesinculturesanddifferencesinlanguagesdifficultiesoftenariseincommunicatingbetweenculturesandacrosscultures.Understandingisnotalwayseasy.Learningaforeignlanguagewellmeansmorethanmerelymasteringthepronunciationgrammarwordsandidioms.Itmeanslearningalsotoseetheworldasnativespeakersofthatlanguageseeitlearningthewaysinwhichtheirlanguagereflectstheideascustomsandbehaviorsoftheirsocietylearningtounderstandtheirlanguageofthemind.LearningalanguageinfactisinseparablefromlearningitsculturE.39.Accordingtothefirstparagraphthetermculturerefersto_________.A.thingslikecitiesorganizationsandschoolsB.ideascustomsfamilypatternsandlanguagesC.allthingsproducedbyhumanraceD.thetotalthatconstituteasociety40.Thesecondparagraphtellsabout_________.A.therolelanguageplaysincultureB.therelationshipbetweenlanguageandcultureC.theinfluenceculturehasonlanguageD.therepresentationofculture41.Therewillbenodifficultyincommunicationif_________.A.peoplefromdifferentcountriescanspeakeachother'slanguagesB.peoplefromdifferentcountriescanknoweachother'sculturesC.peoplefromdifferentcountriescanknoweachother'slanguagesandculturesD.therewerenodifferencebetweenthetwocultures42.Thelastparagraphmainlytalksabout______.A.Learningsocialsciencethroughsocietyitself.B.LearningalanguagethroughitscultureC.LearningaculturethroughitslanguageD.LearningsocialcustomsthroughculturE.
TheBestofFriendsTheevidenceforharmonymaynotbeobviousinsomefamilies.Butitseemsthatfouroutoffiveyoungpeoplenowgetonwiththeirparentswhichistheoppositeofthepopularlyheldimage印象ofunhappyteenagerslockedintheirroomafterendlessfamilyquarrels.Animportantnewstudyintoteenageattitudessurprisinglyshowsthattheirfamilylifeismoreharmoniousthanithaseverbeeninthepast.Weweresurprisedbyjusthowpositivetoday’syoungpeopleseentobeabouttheirfamiliessaidonememberoftheresearchteam.They’reexpectedtoberebellious叛逆的andselfishbutactuallytheyhaveotherthingsontheirminds;theywantacarandmaterialgoodsandtheyworryaboutwhetherschoolisservingthemwell.There’smorenegotiation商议anddiscussionbetweenparentsandchildrenandchildrenexpecttotakepartinthefamilydecision-makingprocess.Theydon’twanttorocktheboat.Soitseemsthatthisgenerationofparentsismuchmorelikelythanparentsof30yearsagototreattheirchildrenasfriends.Myparentsarehappytodiscussthingswithmeandwillingtolistentomesays17-years-oldDanielLazall.IalwaystellthemwhenI’mgoingoutclubbing.AslongastheyknowwhatI’mdoingthey’refinewithit.SusanCromewhoisnow21agrees.Lookingbackonthelast10yearstherewasalotofwhatyoucouldcallnegotiation.ForexampleaslongasI’ddoneallmyhomeworkIcouldgooutonaSaturdaynight.ButIthinkmygrandparentswerealotstricterwithmyparentsthanthat.MaybethispositiveviewoffamilylifeshouldnotbeunexpecteD.Itispossiblethattheideaofteenagerebellionisnotrootedinrealfacts.A.researchercommentsOursurprisethatteenagerssaytheygetalongwellwiththeirparentscomesbecauseofabriefperiodinoutsocialhistorywhenteenagerswereregardedasdifferentbeings.Butthatideaofrebellingandbreakingawayfromtheirparentsreallyonlyhappenedduringthatonetimeinthe1960swheneveryonerebelleD.Thenormalsituationthroughouthistoryhasbeenasmoothchangefromhelpingoutwiththefamilybusinesstotakingitover.39.Whatisthepopularimagesofteenagerstoday?A.TheyworryaboutschoolB.TheydislikelivingwiththeirparentsC.TheyquarrelalotwithotherfamilymembersD.Theyhavetobelockedintoavoidtroubles40.Thestudyshowsthatteenagersdon’twantto___A.causetroubleintheirfamiliesB.sharefamilyresponsibilityC.goboatingwiththeirfamilyD.makefamilydecisions41.Comparedwithparentsof30yearsagetoday’sparents___.A.gotoclubsmoreoftenwiththeirchildrenB.aremuchstricterwiththeirchildrenC.carelessabouttheirchildren’slifeD.givetheirchildrenmorefreedom42.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.NegotiationinfamilyB.HarmonyinfamilyC.EducationinfamilyD.Teenagetroubleinfamily
ItwasreportedlastweekthatdeveloperscouldtakephotosfromApplemobileandGoogleAndroiddeviceswithoutthephoneownersknowingthattheimageswerebeingtaken.InApple’scasedeveloperscanalsoobtainthelocationinformationforeachphoto.Senator参议员CharlesSchumersaidinatelephoneinterviewthathisofficehadspokenwithofficialsatbothAppleandGoogleonMonday.WeaskedthemiftheycouldfindawayontheirowntopreventApplefromhavingaccesstoprivateinformationMr.SchumersaiD.TheywerefriendlyandopentotheideathatthisoughttobechangeD.OnSundayMr.SchumersaidthatheplannedtosendalettertotheFederalTradeCommissionaskingtheagencytoinvestigateAppleandGoogleaftertheprivacyconcernscametolight.ClaudiaBourneFarrellanF.T.C.spokeswomansaidtheagencyhadreceivedtheletterbutshecouldnotcommentfurther.Itworriespeopletothinkthatone’spersonalphotosaddressbookandwhoknowswhatelsecanbeobtainedandevenpostedonlinewithoutpermissionMr.SchumerwroteinhislettertotheF.T.C.Ifthetechnologyexiststoopenthedoortothiskindofprivacyinvasionthensurelytechnologyexiststocloseitandthat’sexactlywhatmusthappen.Mr.SchumersaidifAppleandGooglecouldnotcometoanagreementtofixtheproblemthenhewouldbeforcedtotaketheissuefurther.Hesaidothercompanieshadbeenwillingtoworkwithhisofficetofixissues.I’moptimisticthatwecangetthischangedwithoutanyregulationhesaiD.Ifit’snotchangedthenwe’llturntotheF.T.C.andifthatdoesn’tworkthenwe’llconsiderlegalapproach.TheF.T.C.haswarnedcompaniestotrytobemorevigilant警醒的intheireffortstoprotectconsumerswhenitcomestoprivacy.70.ThesenatorsspokewithofficialsatbothAppleandGoogle___________.A.tourgethemnottoinvadeconsumers’privacyB.todiscusswhetheritisillegaltohaveaccesstoprivateinformationC.tostopthemfromdevelopingthetechnologyoftakingphotosD.tokeepthemfromobtainingthelocationinformationforeachphoto71.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.PrivacyinvasionfromApplehasexistedforalongtimE.B.Mr.SchumertakestheprivacyconcernscausedbyAppleandGoogleseriously.C.PrivacyinvasionfromGooglehasexistedforalongtimE.D.AppleandGooglehavedecidedtomakeachangE.72.Mr.Schumer’slettertotheF.T.C.mainlyshowsthatthetechnologytoopenthedoortoprivacyinvasion___________.A.causesprivacyinvasiontohappenfrequentlyB.canbeusedifpermittedC.causespeopletoworryaboutthesafetyoftheirpersonalinformationD.causespersonalinformationtobepostedonlinewithoutpermission73.Iftheprivacyconcernscan’tbesolvedwiththehelpoftheF.T.C.___________.A.ThesenatorswillforcethecompaniesnottoinvadeprivacyB.ThecompanieswillbeclosedC.ThecompanieswillbefinedD.Thesenatorswillturntolaw74.Wherecanwereadaboutthepassage?A.Inanewspaper.B.InatravelbrochurE.C.Inasciencereport.D.Inatextbook.
TheRepublicofEcuadorhasapopulationofabout13millionand95%ofthemareRomanCatholiC.SpanishistheofficialandmainlanguageinEcuador.ThereareseveralAmerindianAmericanIndianlanguagesbutQuechuaiswidelyspoken.Over65%ofEcuadoriansaremestizoes混血儿25%Amerindians3%blacksand7%others.Ithasthehighestaveragepopulationdensity密度inSouthAmericaandthehighestpercentageofnativeAmericans.TheRepublicofEcuadorislocatedinnorthwestSouthAmericanonthePacificcoast.Ecuadorconsistsoffourgeographicalregions:thePacificcoastallowlandsinthewestthehighlandsinthecenterandtheeasternlowlands.ThelastisGalapagosIslandswhichare600mileswestinthePacificOcean.AsitsnameshowsEcuadorextendsoverbothsidesoftheequator赤道.ThereisamonumentofequatornotfarfromitscapitalQuito.Onthemonumentarethewords:Hereisthecentreoftheearth.EcuadorisborderedinthenorthbyColumbiaandintheeastandsouthbyPeru.Mostareasofthiscountryhaveadryseasonandawetseason.NomatterwhattheseasonistypicallythebestoftheweatherintheAndeswillbearoundthefullmoon.BeingontheequatorgivesEcuadoritsweatherconditionsandalsoallowsittohave12-hourdaysyearrounD.Inthemorningitgetslightwithin20minutesof6A.m.andatnightitisdarkaround6p.m.Thereisnolongdusk.ThereareinnumerablevarietiesofflowersincludingmanyofEcuador’s4500speciesoforchids兰花andmanyplantswithmedicinalvaluE.Wildlifesuchasbutterfliesbatsmonkeysisfairlyeasytoview.Youcanevenfindsomeextraordinaryanimalsandplants.ManyspecialspeciesthatinspiredDarwin’sTheOriginofSpeciesstillthriveontheGalapagostoday.TheEcuadorianAmazonoffersawiderangeofactivitiesincludingswimmingcanoejourneysrainforestwalksbirdwatchinganimalspottingandvisitstolocaljunglecommunities.TheAmazonalsohassomeofthefinestwaterraftinginthecountry.60.ThepassageintroducesthefollowingsubjectsEXCEPT_________.A.Ecuador'shistoryandcultureB.Ecuador'sgeographyandclimateC.Ecuador'sspeciesofanimalsandplantsD.Ecuador'slanguageandpeople61.WhichofthefollowingmapsshowstherightpositionofEcuador?Eq-equatorCo-ColumbiaPu-PeruPo-thePacificOceanRe-theRepublicofEcuador缺图62.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.About0.4millionofEcuador'spopulationisblack.B.Ecuadorhas12-hourdaysyearroundbecauseitisontheequator.C.DarwincompletedhisfamousbookontheGala-pagos.D.Youcan'tskateoutsideontheEcuadorianAmazonalltheyeararounD.63.Theunderlinedwordthriveinthelastparagraphmeans_________.A.disappearcompletelyB.changeslowlyC.beresearchedD.growwell
41.HowdidthevillagersinTechengIslandmakealivinginthepast?A.Bydoingbusiness.B.Byenjoyingthefantasticsights.C.Byfishing.D.Bygivingthankstonature.42.Whenhastheislandopenedanewpageinhistory?A.In2003.B.Since2003.C.Nobodyknows.D.Inthepast.43.HowlongdoesittaketogettherebyboatfromZhanjiangPortPier?A.8minutes.B.l5minutes.C.Alongtime.D.23minutes.44.Thehotspringscanhelpyou_______.A.enjoythesightsB.relaxyourselfC.eatseafoodD.visitthemuseum45.TechengIslandisaplacethat__________.A.liesinthewestofZhanjiangB.allthevillagersliveapoorlifeC.youngpeoplemayfindboringD.touristsliketovisit
SportscanhelpyoukeepfitandgetintouchwithnaturE.Howeverwhetheryouareonthemountainsinthewavesoronthegrasslandyoushouldbeawarethatyoursportofchoicemighthavegreatinfluenceontheenvironment.Somesportsareresource-hungry.Golfasyoumayknoweatsupnotonlylargeareasofcountrysidebutalsotonsofwater.Besidesallsortsofchemicalsandhugeamountsofenergyareusedtokeepitscourses球场ingoodcondition.Thiscausesmajorenvironmentaleffects.ForexampleinthedryregionsofPortugalandSpaingolfisoftenheldresponsibleforseriouswatershortageinsomelocalareas.Therearemanyenvironment-friendlysports.Powerwalkingisoneofthemthatyoucouldtakeuptoday.Youdon’tneedanyspecialequipmentexceptagoodpairofshoes;andyoudon’thavetoworryaboutresourcesandyourpursE.Simpleandfreepowerwalkingcanalsokeepyoufit.Ifyouwalkregularlyitwillbegoodforyourheartandbones.Expertssaythat20minutesofpowerwalkingdailycanmakeyoufeellessanxioussleepwellandhavebetterweightcontrol.Whateversportyoutakeupyoucanmakeitgreenerbyusingenvironment-friendlyequipmentandbuyingproductsmadefromrecycledmaterials.Butthefinalgoalshouldbegreengyms.Theyarebetterreplacementsfortraditionalhealthclubsandmodernsportscenters.Membersofgreengymsplaysportsoutdoorsinthecountrysideorotheropenspaces.Thereisnospecialrequirementforyoutostartyourmembership.Andbestofallit’sfreE.59.Whichofthefollowingistheauthormostprobablyinfavorof?A.Motorracinginthedesert.B.CyclingaroundalakE.C.Playingbasketballinagym.D.Swimminginasportscenter.60.Whatdoweknowaboutgolffromthepassage?A.ItispopularinPortugalandSpain.B.ItcauseswatershortagesaroundtheworlD.C.Itneedswaterandelectricitytokeepitscoursesgreen.D.Itpollutestheearthwithchemicalsandwastes.61.Theauthorusespowerwalkingasanexamplemainlybecause_________.A.Itusesfewerresources.B.Itimprovesourhealth.C.Itisanoutdoorsport.D.Itissuggestedbyexperts.62.Theauthorwritesthepassageto_________.A.showusthefunctionofmajorsportsB.introducedifferenttypesofenvironment-friendlysportsC.discussthemajorinfluenceofpopularsportsD.encourageustogoinforgreensports
SomeexpressionsinEnglishcanbereallypuzzling.Havealookatthefollowingtoseehowitchallengesyourbrainpower.HomericlaughterTheHomerinthisexpressionistheGreekpoet.Peoplelaughdifferently.Somelaughsilentlywhileotherstendtolaughloudly.HomericlaughterreferstolaughterofthelatterkinD.Itisattimesuncontrollableandtheentirebodyshakesduringtheprocess.ThiskindoflaughteriscalledHomericlaughterbecausethisishowthegodslaughedinHomer'sclassics.Athree-ringcircusWhenyourefertoasituationasbeingathree-ringcircusyouaresayingthatitisasituationofcompleteconfusion.TherearesomanyactivitiestakingplacealltogetherthattheyleaveyouconfusedorannoyeD.Theexpressioncomesfromtheworldofentertainment—thecircus.Theareawheretheartistsperformtheiractsiscalledthering.Inthepastsomeofthecircusesweresograndthattheyhadthreeactstakingplacesimultaneouslyinthreedifferentrings.Theaudiencehadtodecidewhichringtheywantedtofocuson.IntheswimofthingsWhensomeoneisintheswimofthingstheindividualisactivelyparticipatinginthethingshappeningaroundhimasinI'vebeenillbutsoonI’llbebackintheswimofthing.Intheworldoffishingfishermenusethewordswimtorefertothesectionofthelake/riverwherefishcanbefoundinplenty.Soifyouareafishermanandwishtocatchalotoffishwherewouldyoube?Youwouldbeintheswim.ChickenshavecomehometoroostThewordroostreferstotheplacewherebirdsrest.Itcouldbeanything—thebranchofatreeahenhouseetC.Theexpressionisnormallyusedtomeanthatthebadthingsthatsomeonedidinthepasthavecomebacktobiteorupsettheindividual.Inotherwordsonehastofacetheconsequencesofthedeedsdoneinthepast.Theoriginalformofthis700-year-oldexpressionwascursesarelikechickens;theyalwayscomehometoroost.69.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethepicture?A.HomericlaughterB.A.three-ringcircusC.IntheswimofthingsD.Chickenshavecomehometoroost70.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordsimultaneouslyParagraph3mean?A.AtthesametimE.B.Stepbystep.C.Allofasudden.D.Oneafteranother.71.Ifyouwanttoknowmoreaboutsuchexpressionswhichwebsitewillyouprobablyvisit?A.www.chinadaily.com.cn/sports/ChinA.htmlB.www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/university.htmlC.www.chinadaily.com.cn/culuture/languagE.htmlD.www.chinadaily.com.cn/entertainment/fashion.html72.Thepassageiswrittento.A.tellreaderssomeoldandinterestingstoriesB.indicatethedevelopmentofEnglishphrasesC.correctsomemisunderstandingsaboutwordsD.explainthemeaningsandoriginsofsomephrases
BenjaminSpock'sfirstbookcausedarevolutioninthewayAmericanchildrenwereraiseD.HisbookTheCommonSenseBookofBabyandChildCarewaspublishedin1946.Thebookgaveadvicetoparentsofbabiesandyoungchildren.Thefirstlinesofthebookarefamous.Doctorspockwrote:Trustyourself.Youknowmorethanyouthinkyoudo.DoctorSpock'sbookdidnotreceivemuchnoticefromthemediawhenitwaspublishedinnineteenforty-six.YetsevenhundredfiftythousandcopiesofthebookweresoldduringtheyearafteritsreleasE.DoctorSpockconsideredhismotherMildredSpocktobethemajorinfluenceonhispersonalandprofessionallifE.Hesaidhisideasabouthowparentsshouldactwerefirstformedbecauseofher.BenjaminSpockwasbornin1903.Hewasthefirstofsixchildren.HeattendedPhillipsAcademyaprivateschoolinAndoverMassachusetts.LaterheattendedYaleUniversityinNewHaven.HejoinedasportsteamatYalethatcompetedinrowingboats.In1924heandhisteammemberscompetedinrowingattheOlympicGamesinParisFrancE.Theywonthegoldmedal.BenjaminSpockworkedatacampfordisabledchildrenforthreesummersduringhisyearsatYalE.Hesaidtheexperienceprobablyledtohisdecisiontoentermedicalschool.HebeganatYaleMedicalSchoolbuthecompletedhismedicaldegreeatColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkCity.Hegraduatedasthebeststudentinhisclassin1929.BenjaminSpockhadmarriedJaneCheneyduringhissecondyearinmedicalschool.TheylaterhadtwosonsMichaelandJohn.Inthe1960sBenjaminSpockbegantobeactiveinpolitics.HesupportedJohnF.Kennedyinhiscampaignforpresident.Hejoinedagroupopposedtothedevelopmentofnuclearweapons.Innineteenseventy-twoDoctorSpockdecidedtoseekelectionaspresidentoftheUnitedStates.HewasthecandidateofthesmallPeople'sParty.BenjaminSpockdiedinnineteenninety-eightattheageofninety-four.Yethisadvicecontinuestoaffectthelivesofmillionsofchildrenandtheirparents.72.Thebesttitleofthepassagemightbe__________.A.theLifeStoryofDoctorBenjaminSpockB.theBook:theCommonSenseBookofBabyandChildCareC.A.PersonInfluencingtheUSAD.A.RevolutionCausedbyBenjaminSpock'sFirstBook73.ltcanbeindicatedfromthepassagethat___________.A.itbecameahitintheUSAthemomentBenjaminSpock'sfirstbookwaspublishedB.itwashismotherthatreallyguidedmanyAmericanparentsC.inthe1960sheopposedtodevelopnuclearweaponsD.notuntilhedieddidhisadvicetoparentstookeffect74.ThereasonwhyBenjaminSpockdecidedtoseekmedicineaccordingtothepassageliesin_________.A.hisownpoorhealthconditionsB.hisparentsadvisedhimtodothatC.hiswillingnesstohelpdisabledchildrenD.thefactthathewantedtotellparentshowtoraisetheirchildren75.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutBenjaminSpockisTrue?A.HecompletedhismedicaldegreeatYaleMedicalSchoolin1929.B.Hedidn'tmarryuntilhegraduatedfrommedicalschool.C.HewaselectedpresidentoftheUnitedStateswiththehelpofJohnF.Kennedy.D.HisbookstillinfluencesmillionsofchildrenandparentsinAmericA.
Inmanysocietiesthereisoftengreateracceptanceoflightskinthandarkskin.Lightskinmaybeseenasamarkofbeautyintelligenceandsuccess.Thesebeliefscanleadtosocialpressureevenwithinthesameracialorethnicgroupifsomemembersaredarkerskinnedthanothers.TheresultisthatskinlighteninghasbecomeacommonactivityacrossAfricaAsiaandotherareasoftheworlD.Moreandmorepeoplewithdarkskinareusingskin-lighteningproductseveniftheymayfacehealthrisks.Theybelievethathavingwhiterskinwillimprovetheirlives.Manypeoplethinktheywillhaveabetterchanceofgettingajobormarryingintoabetterfamily.Ortheywanttolooklikewhattheirsocietygenerallyconsidersbeautiful.Somebeautycareproductsandsoapscontainchemicalsthatmakeskinlighter.Thisprocessisalsocalledbleaching.Butsomethechemicalsareextremelydangerous.OneofthemostdangerousishydroquinonE.Hydroquinonehasbeenbannedinseveralcountries.Thischemicalhasbeenlinkedtokidneydamageandsomekindsofcancer.Italsocauseslowbirthweightinbabieswhenmothersuseitduringpregnancy.Atfirstbleachingproductsmaketheskincolorlighter.Butafterlong-termusetheycancauseproblems.Theycanevenmakesomeskindarker.Thechemicalsintheproductsblockandbreakdownthenaturalprocessthatgivescolortoskin.Theskinlosesitsnaturalbarriertoprotectagainstsunlight.ThentheskincanbecomethickanddiscoloreD.UsuallythepersonwillusemoreoftheproductinanefforttocorrecttheproblembutthisonlymakesitworsE.FatimataLytreatsskinconditionsintheSenegalesecapital.Dakar.DoctorLysaysskinbleachinghasbecomeaproblemthroughoutSenegal.Shesaysthechemicalsarenowmoredangerousbecausetheyarestronger.SomecaseshaveresultedinblackenedfingernailsinfectionsandpermanentskindamagE.Andthesearenottheonlyrisks.ExpertssaysomepeoplewhochangetheirskincolorsufferemotionaldamagE.Theyfeelregretandsadness.Theyfeelthatinsteadofriskingtheirhealththeyshouldhavelearnedtoloveandaccepttheirskincolorasitwas.54Whichofthefollowingwordscanreplacetheunderlinedwordbleaching?A.pleasingB.changingC.lightingD.whitening55.Whyhastheskinlighteningbecomeacommonactivityallovertheworld?A.Therearemanyproductsthatcanmakethedarkskinlight.B.RelativelyspeakinglightskinhasmoreadvantagesoverdarkskinC.Peoplewithdarkskinareforcedbythepressureoftheirfamilies.D.ManypeoplewithdarkskinhavenoconfidencE.56.AccordingtothetextthefollowingaretherisksusingthebleachingproductsEXCEPT______.A.blackenedfingernailsB.awasteoftimeandmoneyC.emotionaldamageD.permanentskindamage57.Fromthetextwecanconcludethewriter’sattitudetowardusingthebleachingproductsprobablyis___________.A.supportiveB.positiveC.negativeD.doubtful
Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewardsfromwarmpraisetocoldcashaffectmotivationandcreativity.Behavioristswhostudytherelationbetweenactionsandtheirconsequencesarguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschool.Cognitive认知学派的researcherswhostudyvariousaspectsofmentallifemaintainthatrewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupportersespeciallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetary金钱的rewardssparkscreativityingrade-schoolchildrensuggestingthatproperlypresentedinducements刺激indeedaidinventivenessaccordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.Ifkidsknowthey’reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtasktheyshowthemostcreativitysaysRobertEisenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.Butit’seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipation预期forrewards.A.teacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudentsEisenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpointhenotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefailinggrades.Inearliergradestheuseofso-calledtokeneconomiesinwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewardsshowspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativitytheDelawarepsychologistclaims.31.Psychologistsaredividedwithregardtotheirattitudestoward______.A.thechoicebetweenspiritualencouragementandmonetaryrewardsB.theamountofmonetaryrewardsforstudents’creativityC.thestudyofrelationshipbetweenactionsandtheirconsequencesD.theeffectsofexternalrewardsonstudents’performance32.Whatistheresponseofmanyeducatorstoexternalrewardsfortheirstudents?A.Theyhavenodoubtsaboutthem.B.Theyhavedoubtsaboutthem.C.Theyapprovethem.D.Theyavoidtalkingaboutthem.33.Whichofthefollowingcanbestraisestudents’creativityaccordingtoRobertEisenberger?A.AssigningthemtaskstheyhavenotdealtwithbeforE.B.Assigningthemtaskswhichrequireinventiveness.C.GivingthemrewardstheyreallydeservE.D.GivingthemrewardstheyanticipatE.34.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesaretryingtotightentheirgradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve_________.A.rewardingpoorperformancemaykillthecreativityofstudentsB.punishmentismoreeffectivethanrewardingC.failinguninspiredstudentshelpimprovetheiroverallacademicstandardsD.discouragingthestudents’anticipationforeasyrewardsisamatterofurgency35.Thephraseunderlinedtokeneconomiesprobablyrefersto_________.A.waystodevelopeconomyB.systemsofrewardingstudentsC.approachestosolvingproblemsD.methodsofimprovingperformance
PlanningavisittotheUK?Herewehelpwithwaystocutyourcosts.AVOIDBIGEVENTSBigsportingeventsconcertsandexhibitionscanincreasethecostofaccommodationandmakeithardertofindaroom.A.standarddoubleroomattheThistleBrightononthefinalFridayoftheBrightonComedyFestival19Oct.cost£169.15atBooking.com.A.weeklaterthesameroomcost£118.15.Ifyoucanbeflexibleandwanttoknowdatestoavoid—oryou’relookingforabigeventtopassyourtime—checkoutsitessuchasWhatsonwhen.comwhichallowyoutosearchforeventsintheUKbycitydateandcategory.STAYAWAYFROMTHESTATIONIftravelingtoyourdestinationbytrainyoumaywanttofindagoodbaseclosetothestationbutyoucouldenduppayingmoreforthesakeofconvenienceatthestartofyourholiday.Don’tbetoochoosyaboutthepartoftownyoustayin.BookingtwomonthsinadvancethecheapestroomatTravelodge’sCentralEustonhotelinLondonforSaturday22Septemberwas£95.95.A.roomjustatubejourneyawayatitsCoventGardenhotelwas£75.75.AndatFarringdonadoubleroomcostjust£62.95.LOOKAFTERYOURSELFReallycentralhotelsincitiessuchasLondonEdinburghandCardiffcancostafortuneespeciallyatweekendsandduringbigevents.Asanalternativeconsidercheckingintoaself-cateringflatwithitsownkitchen.Oftentheseflatsarehiddenawayonthetopfloorsofcitycentrebuildings.A.greatexampleisthehistoricO’NeillFlatonEdinburgh’sRoyalMileavailablefor£420forfivedaysinlateSeptemberwithroomforfouradults.GETONA.BIKELondon’s‘Borisbikes’haveattractedthemostattentionbutothercitiesalsohavesimilarprogrammesthatletyourentabicycleandexploreatyourownpacesavingyouonpublictransportorcarparkingcosts.AmongthesmallercitieswiththeirownprogrammesareNewcastlecasualmemberspayaround£1.50fortwohoursandCardifffreeforupto30minutesor£5perday.358words56.TheBrightonComedyFestivalismentionedmainlytoshowbigeventsmay__________.A.helptravelerspasstimeB.attractlotsoftravelerstotheUKC.allowtravelerstomakeflexibleplansD.causetravelerstopaymoreforhotelrooms57.FarringdoninParagraph5ismostprobably__________.A.anidealholidaydestinationB.thetubelinetoCoventGardenC.ahotelawayfromthetrainstationD.thenameofatravelagency58.Cardiff’sprogramallowsafreebikeforamaximum最大值periodof__________.A.onehourB.halfanhourC.onehourandahalfD.twohours59.Themainpurposeofthepassageis__________.A.totellvisitorshowtobookinadvanceB.tosupplyvisitorswithhotelinformationC.toshowvisitorstheimportanceofself-helpD.tooffervisitorssomemoney-savingtips
AboutfiveyearsagoanAmericanelectricalengineernamedScottBrusawandhiswifeJuliecameupwiththeideaofputtingsolarpanels控制板onthegroundratherthantheroof.ThentheybegantodeveloptheSolarRoadway.TheSolarRoadwayisanintelligentroadthatprovidescleanrenewableenergyusingpowerfromthesunwhileprovidingsaferdrivingconditionsalongwithpoweranddatadelivery.TheypredictthattheSolarRoadwaywillpayforitselfthroughthegenerationofelectricityalongwithotherformsofincomeandthatthesamemoneythatisbeingusedtobuildandresurfacecurrentroadscanbeusedtobuildtheSolarRoadways.EachSolarRoadPanelmeasuresroughly4metersby4metersandcontainsamicroprocessor微处理器thatmonitorsandcontrolsthepanelwhilecommunicatingwithneighboringpanelsandthevehiclestravelingoverheaD.Theinventorssuggestthatthisprovidesacommunicationsdeviceevery4metersoneveryroadwhichcouldbeusedforexampletowarndriversofcarswhicharemovingacrossacentrelineandvariousotherspeedcontrolproblems.ThetopoftheSolarRoadpanelsismadeofsuper-strongglassthatwouldoffervehiclesthetractions抓地力theyneeD.AccordingtotheinventorstheSolarRoadwaycreatesandcarriescleanrenewableelectricityandthereforeelectricvehiclescanberechargedatanyconvenientlylocatedreststoporatanybusinessthathaspavedSolarRoadPanelsintheirparkinglots.TheinventorssaytheirSolarRoadwayhasmanyfunctionsandadvantagesfrommainroadstodrivewaysparkinglotsbikepathssidewalksandrunways.TheFederalHighwayAdministrationhasgivenBrusaw＄100000todeveloptheinventionandBrusawhopestobuildasmart-roadparkinglotinthecomingspring.46.Intheinventors’opiniontheSolarRoadway.A.istooexpensivetobuildatpresentB.costsnomoremoneythancurrentroadsC.canprovideasmanydataaspresentcomputersD.willbringthemalargesumofmoney47.TheunderlinedwordtheyinParagraph2refersto.A.thepanelsB.theinventorsC.theresearchersD.thevehicles48.TheSolarRoadwayincludesallthefollowingadvantagesexcept.A.providingsaferdrivingconditionsB.helpingdriverscommunicatewitheachotherwhiledrivingC.creatingandcarryingcleanrenewableelectricityD.warningdriversofvariousspeedcontrolproblems49.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.A.theSolarRoadwayhasalreadybeenputintouseB.＄100000isonlyenoughtobuildasmart-roadparkinglotC.theSolarRoadwayisnotavailableforgas-poweredcarsD.futureelectricvehiclescanbechargedanytimeandanywhere50.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Solar-poweredsmartroadofthefutureB.ThegreatchangesontheroadwayC.TheinfluencetheSolarRoadwayhasonpeopleD.TheSolarRoad—amuchfasterroad
Lastnight'smeteor流星showerleftmanypeopleinthecommunitydissatisfiedanddemandinganswers.AccordingtoGabeRothschildEmeraldValley'smayorpeoplegatheredinthesuburbsofthecitycarryingheavytelescopesexpectingtowatchthebrightlyburningmeteorspassingthroughthesky.Whattheyfoundinsteadwasaskysobrightenedbythecity'slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverheaD.MyfamilywassofrustratedadmittedtownresidentDuaneCosby.Wewantedtomakethisanunforgettablefamilyoutingbutitturnedouttobeahugedisappointment.Astronomers—scientistswhostudystarsandplanets—havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades.Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsthemfromseeingobjectsintheskythattheycouldseequiteeasilyinthepast.Theycallonpeopleandthegovernmenttotakemeasurestofightagainstit.Thereisyetapopulationbesidesprofessionalandamateurstarobserversthatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution.ThispopulationconsistsofbirdsbatsfrogssnakesetC.Forexampleoutdoorlightingseverelyaffectsmigrating迁徙的birds.AccordingtotheInternationalDar-SkyAssociation100millionbirdsayearthroughoutNorthAmericadieincrasheswithlightedbuildingsandtowers.Countlessmoreanimalcasualties伤亡resultfromtheuseofartificiallighting.Clearlypeopleenjoythebenefitsoflightingtheireveningsbutsomescientiststhinkitcanbeharmfulforhumanstoo.Theyworrythatexposuretolightwhilesleepingcanincreaseaperson'schancesofgettingcancer.EmeraldValleyisonlyonecommunitythatisbecomingawareofthenegativeeffectsoflightpollution.ForyearsFlagstaffArizonahasenforcedlightingregulationsinitscityinordertoassistastronomersattheLowellObservatory.Similareffortshavebeenmadeworldwideandamovementisunderwaytoremindustoturnofflightswhenwearenotusingthemsothatothercreaturescansharethenight.41.Ithappenedlastnightthat________.A.thecity'slightsaffectedthemeteorwatchingB.themeteorsflewpastbeforebeingnoticedC.thecitylightshowattractedmanypeopleD.themeteorwatchingendedupasocialouting42.Whatdotheastronomerscomplainabout?A.MeteorshowersoccurlessoftenthanbeforE.B.Theirobservationequipmentisinpoorrepair.C.Lightpollutionhasremainedunsolvedforyears.D.Theireyesightisfailingduetoartificiallighting.43.WhatistheauthorconcernedaboutaccordingtoParagraph4?A.Birdsmaytakeothermigrationpaths.B.Animals'livinghabitsmaychangesuddenly.C.VarietiesofanimalswillbecomesharplyreduceD.D.Animals'survivalisthreatenedbyoutdoorlighting.44.LightingregulationsinFlagstaffArizonaareputintoeffectto________.A.lessenthechanceofgettingcancerB.createanidealobservationconditionC.ensurecitizensagoodsleepatnightD.enableallcreaturestoliveinharmony45.Whatmessagedoestheauthormostwanttogiveus?A.Savingwildlifeissavingourselves.B.Greateffortsshouldbemadetosaveenergy.C.Humanactivitiesshouldbeenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Newequipmentshouldbeintroducedforspacestudy.
StudyingintheUS:A.FreeYearataCommunityCollegeTwo-yearcollegesintheUnitedStatesarealsoknownascommunitycolleges.Studentsearnanassociatedegree肄业学位.Ortheycantrainforajobforayearortwoandgetacertificate证书.Communitycollegesarelesscostlythanotherschools.SomeinternationalstudentscanevengetayearofeducationforfreE.TheUnitedStatesgovernmentandthecollegespaythecostsinaprogramcalledtheCommunityCollegeInitiativE.Sixcountriestookpartduringthefirsttwoyears:BrazilEgyptIndonesiaPakistanSouthAfricaandTurkey.NowthosecountriesarejoinedbyCubaGhanaandmostofCentralAmericA.LocalFulbrightcommitteesgenerallynominate提名thestudents.TheprogramprovidesjobtrainingforpeoplewhootherwisecouldnotattendcollegE.TheylearnskillstheircountriesneedlikeagricultureandhealthcarE.VocationalschoolteachersandadministratorsfromEgyptcanalsoreceiveprofessionaldevelopmentthroughtheprogram.Theprogrambegantwoyearsagowitheighty-fourstudentsandsixcolleges.StateDepartmentofficialssaymorethanfivehundredstudentswillattendthirty-sevencommunitycollegesthisfall.Wherestudentsareplaceddependsonwhattheywanttostudy.TheprogramisalsoachancetolearnaboutAmericaanditspeoplE.Anditgivescollegesawaytoexpandtheirdiversity.Thestudentsliveindormitoriesorapartmentsorwithlocalfamilies.CarolStax-BrownisanadministratoroftheprogramforagroupcalledCommunityCollegesforInternationalDevelopment.ShesaystheylookforpeoplewhohavehadsomeworkexperiencespeaksomeEnglishandwanttoexperienceanotherculturE.TheprogramincludesEnglishclassesinthesummerbeforeschoolstartsforthosewhoneedthem.68.IfyouwanttoattendacommunitycollegeinUSyouwillnot______.A.paylessthanyoudoinotherschoolsB.getacertificateafteroneortwoyearsC.learnskillsyourcountryneedD.attenditwithoutnomination69.Whichofthecountrieshasnottakenpartintheprogram?A.Cuba.B.Egypt.C.China.D.Pakistan.70.Theunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphprobablymeans______.A.cheapB.expensiveC.formalD.common71.Wecanlearnfromthefifthparagraphthat______.A.communitycollegesarebecomingmoreandmorepopularB.moreandmorecountrieshavestartedtheprogramintheirowncountriesC.theprogramhasofferedinternationalstudentsmanyjobopportunitiesD.Americancollegeshaveacceptedmoreforeignstudentsthanbefore
UsingtabletcomputerslikeApple’siPadandSamsung’sGalaxyNotejustbeforebedcanleadtoapoornight’ssleepaccordingtoresearch.MoreandmorepeoplearetakingtheirtabletstobedwiththemtosurfthewebcheckFacebookoremailbeforeswitchingoffthelight.Butresearchersarewarningthattheblueishlighttheirscreensemitcanstopusersgettingagoodnight’ssleep.ThatisbecausethistypeoflightmimicsdaylightconvincingthebrainthatitisstilldaytimE.Bluelightsuppressesproductionofabrainchemicalcalledmelatonin褪黑激素whichhelpsusfallsleep.Thisisbecauseourbrainshaveevolvedtobewakefulduringdaylighthours.Bycontrastlightwhichismoreorangeorredintonedoesnotreducemelatoninproductionperhapsbecauseourbrainsrecognizeitasacuethatthedayisending.Neurologists神经病学家haveknownforyearsthatstaringatscreenslateintheeveningcandisruptsleep.ResearchersattheLightingResearchCentreattheRensselaerPolytechnicInstituteinNewYorkarewarningthatlookingattabletdisplaysformorethantwohoursleadstoasuppressionofournaturalmelatoninlevelsasthedevicesemitopticalradiation光辐射atshortwavelengths-inotherwordstheyemitbluerlight.Theysay:AlthoughturningoffdevicesatnightistheultimatesolutionitisrecommendedthatifthesedevicesareusedatnightdisplaysaredimmedasmuchaspossibleandthatthetimespentonthembeforebedshouldbelimiteD.Theydrewtheirconclusionsaftermeasuringmelatoninlevelsin13volunteersaftertheyhadspenttimeviewingiPadsatfullbrightnessatadistanceof10inchesfortwohours.MelatoninlevelsweresignificantlyloweraftertheyhaddonethisthantheywereafterthevolunteershadviewedtheiriPadsforthesametimebutwhilewearingorangeglassgoggleswhichcutoutthebluelight.TheywroteinthejournalAppliedErgonomicsthattabletmakerscouldtunethespectralpowerdistributionofself-luminousdevices自发光设备的频谱功率分布sothattheydisruptedthesleeppatternsofusersless.Itisnotjustagoodnight’ssleepthatcouldbejeopardized危害bytoomuchlatenightscreentimE.Researchersknowthatpersistentdisruptiontosleeppatternscanleadtoanincreasedriskofobesityandevenbreastcancer.Howeverthesestudiestendtobecomparisonsofthosewithchronic慢性的sleepdisruptionsuchaslongtermshiftworkerswiththosewhohavenormalsleeppatterns.76.Whatisitthatstopsusersgettingagoodnight’ssleep?A.ScreensB.blueishlightC.MelatoninD.Orangeorredlight77.Theunderlinedwordsuppressesinparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto________.A.increasesB.reducesC.removesD.integrate78.Basedontheirfindingsresearchershavemadethefollowingsuggestionsexceptthat________.A.DeviceslikeiPadsshouldbeturnedoffatnight.B.Tabletmakersshouldmakeimprovementsindevices.C.UsersshouldviewiPadsatfullbrightnessinsteadofwearingorangeglassgoggles.D.ThetimespentonscreenbeforebedshouldbecontrolleD.79.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_________.A.Orangeandredlightdoesnogoodtoagoodnight’ssleep.B.Ourbrainsrecognizeorangeorredlightintoneasacuethatthedayisending.C.Thelessmelatoninourbodyproducestheeasierwefallasleep.D.Toomuchlatenightscreentimeleadstomorethansleepproblem.80.Thewriter’spurposeforwritingthisarticleisto________.A.informreadersofarecentresearch.B.complainaboutproblemscausedbyusingiPadsbeforebeD.C.offersomesuggestionsonlatenightscreenviewing.D.advocatelatenightscreenviewing.
WhenyougotoSt.PetersburgthenumberofattractionscanseemlargE.Ifyouareshortoftimeorjustwanttomakesuretohitthehighlightsthesearethetopmust-seesightsinSt.Petersburg.●TheHermitageMuseumTheHermitageMuseumisoneofthemostimportantsightstoseeforanyvisitortoSt.Petersburg.TherearelotsofdifferentpaintingsbytheoldmastersintheHermitage.Preparetocomeface-to-facewithclassicWesternartists.●KizhiIslandKizhiIslandisanopen-airmuseumofwoodenarchitecturefromtheKareliaRegionofRussia.Theseimpressivestructuresaremadeentirelywithoutnails-thewoodfitstogetherwithjointsandgrooves沟槽.●PeterhofPeterhofisasbeautifulasitisfun.You’llbechargedforadmissionbutgotoPetethofwhenthefountainsareworking—duringthedayinthesummer.Theyareshutoffinwinterevenings.●TheChurchofOurSaviorontheSpiltBloodLoveitorhateittheChurchofOurSaviorontheSpiltBloodinSt.Petersburgisanenthrallingmust-seesight.ThebeautifullookmaymakeyoureyesbrightenandthepaintinginsidethechurchwillmakeyousayWow!●TheBronzeHorsemanStatueTheso-calledBronzeHorsemanisapartofRussiancultureandasymbolofSt.Petersburg.MadefamousbyAlexanderPushkinthisstatueofPetertheGreatsittingonhishorsecantrulyshowPetertheGreat’sinfluenceontheRussianideaofgreatness.54.Ifyouareinterestedinpaintingsyou’dbettergoto.A.PeterhofandKizhiIslandB.theHernatageMuseumandPeterhofC.KizhiIslandandtheChurchofOurSaviorontheSpiltBloodD.thehermitageMuseumandtheChurchofOurSaviorontheSpiltBlood55.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A.visitorscanvisitPeterhofforfreeB.thebuildingsofKizhiIslandaremadeofwoodC.thefountainsinPeterhofcanbeseenallyearroundD.thelargestcollectionofRussianartsisintheHermitageMuseum56.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.A.showthewonderfulhistoryofRussiaB.persuadeartiststostudySt.PetersburgC.recommendthefamousbuildingsinRussiaD.introducethemust-seesightsinSt.Petersburg57.TheunderlinedphraseinPara1hitthehighlightsmeans.A.tosavemoretimeB.tolearnmoreknowledgeC.togotothehighbuildingsD.tovisitthemostinterestingsights
IntheCaucasusregionofRussianearly50outofevery100000peoplelivetocelebratetheir100thbirthdayandmanydon’tstopat100!BycomparisoninAmericaonly3peoplein100000reach100.ButtheseRussianoldpeoplearen’talonE.ThePakistaniswholivehighintheHimalayaMountainsandtheEcuadoransoftheAndesMountainsseemtosharethesecretoflonglifetoo.ThesepeopleremainhealthyinbodyandspiritdespitethepassageoftimE.Whilemanyolderpersonsinindustrialsocietiesbecomeweakandillintheir60sand70ssomeCaucasiansaged100to140workinthefieldsbesidetheirgreat-great-grandchildren.Eventheideaofagingisforeigntothem.Whenaskedatwhatagedoesyouthend?mostoftheseoldpeoplehadnoanswer.SeveralrepliedWellperhapsatage80.WhataccountsforthisabilitytosurvivetosucholdageandtosurvivesowellFirstofallhardphysicalworkisawayoflifeforalloftheselong-livedpeoplE.Theybegintheirlongdaysofphysicallaboraschildrenandneverseemtostop.ForexampleMr.RustamMamedovis142yearsofagE.Hiswifeis116yearsolD.Theyhavebeenmarriedfor90years.Mr.Mamedovhasnointentionofretiringfromhislifeasafarmer.WhyWhatelsewouldIdoheasks.Allthesepeoplegethealthfulrewardsfromtheenvironmentinwhichtheywork.Theyallcomefrommountainousregions.Theyliveandworkatelevationsof1660to1000metersabovesealevel.Theairhaslessoxygenandispollution-freE.Thisreduced-oxygenenvironmentmakestheheartandbloodvessel血管systemstronger.Anotherfactorthatmaycontributetothegoodhealthofthesepeopleistheirisolation.Toagreatextenttheyareseparatedfromthepressuresandworriesofindustrialsociety.InheritedfactorsalsoplaysomerolE.Mostofthelongest-livedpeoplehadparentsandgrandparentswhoalsoreachedveryoldages.Goodfamilygenesmaythereforebeonefactorinlivinglonger.56.TheexampleofMr.andMrs.MamedovimpliesthatsomeCaucasiansaged100to140____.A.becomeweakandhopelessB.aretoooldtoworkinthefieldsC.benefitfromphysicalworkD.arestillworkinginthefields57.Whatisthemainwayoflifeforalloftheselong-livedpeople?A.Retiringfromtheirlivesasfarmers.B.Havingbeenmarriedfor90years.C.Hardphysicalwork.D.Havingnointentions.58.Whichofthefollowingfactorsisn’thelpfultopeople’shealthandlonglife?A.Cleanmountainair.B.Dailyhardwork.C.GoodgenesD.StressandpressurE.
Itdoesn’tkillgermsbetterthancoolerwaterbutturningtaptemperatureshightheUSburnscarbonequaltotheemissionsofBarbados巴巴多斯国名.PeopletypicallywashtheirhandsseventimesadayintheUnitedStatesbuttheydoitatafarhighertemperaturethanisnecessarytokillgermsanewstudysays.Theenergywasteisequivalenttothefueluseofasmallcountry.It’scoldandfluseasonwhenmanypeopleareconcernedaboutavoidinggerms.ButforgetwhatyouthinkyouknowabouthandwashingsayresearchersatVanderbiltUniversity.Chancesaregoodthathowyoucleanupisnothelpingyoustayhealthy;itishelpingtomaketheplanetsick.AmandaR.CarricoaresearchassistantprofessorattheVanderbiltInstituteforEnergyandEnvironmentinTennesseetoldNationalGeographicthathandwashingisoftenacasewherepeopleactinwaysthattheythinkareintheirbestinterestbuttheyinfacthaveinaccuratebeliefsoroutdatedperceptions.CarricosaidIt’scertainlytruethatheatkillsbacteriabutifyouweregoingtousehotwatertokillthemitwouldhavetobetoohotforyoutotoleratE.Sheexplainedthatboilingwater212°F99.98°Cissometimesusedtokillgerms-forexampletocleandrinkingwaterthatmightbepollutedwithgerms.Buthotwaterforhandwashingisgenerallywithin104°Fto131°F40°Cto55°C.Atthehighendofthatrangeheatcouldkillsomegermsbutthesustainedcontactthatwouldberequiredwouldscaldtheskin.CarricosaidthatafterareviewofthescientificliteratureherteamfoundnoevidencethatusinghotwaterthatapersoncouldstandwouldhaveanybenefitinkillingbacteriA.Evenwaterascoldas40°F4.4°Cappearedtoreducebacteriaaswellashotterwaterifhandswerescrubbedrinsed冲洗anddriedproperly.InfactshenotedthathotwatercanoftenhaveanunfavorableeffectonhygienE.WarmerwatercanharmtheskinandaffecttheprotectivelayerontheoutsidewhichcancauseittobelessresistanttobacteriasaidCarrico.UsinghotwatertowashhandsisthereforeunnecessaryaswellaswastefulCarricosaidparticularlywhenitcomestotheenvironment.Accordingtoherresearchpeopleusewarmorhotwater64percentofthetimewhentheywashtheirhands.UsingthatnumberCarrico’steamcalculatedasignificantimpactontheplanet.Althoughthechoiceofwatertemperatureduringasinglehandwashmayappearminorwhenmultipliedbythenearly800billionhandwashesperformedbyAmericanseachyearthispracticeresultsinmorethan6millionmetrictonsofCO2equivalentemissionsannuallyshesaiD.That’sroughlyequaltotheemissionsoftwocoal-firedpowerplantsor1250000passengervehiclesoverthecourseofayear.It’shigherthanthegreenhousegasemissionsofsmallcountrieslikeElSalvadororArmeniaandisaboutequivalenttotheemissionsofBarbados.IfallUScitizenswashedtheirhandsincoolerwateritwouldbelikeeliminatingtheenergy-relatedcarbonemissionsof299700UShomesorthetotalannualemissionsfromtheUSzinc锌orleadindustries.Theresearchersfoundthatcloseto70percentofrespondentssaidtheybelievethatusinghotwaterismoreeffectivethanwarmroomtemperatureorcoldwaterdespitealackofevidencebackingthatupsaidCarrico.Herstudynotedresearchthatshowedastrongcognitive认知的connectionbetweenwatertemperatureandhygieneinboththeUnitedStatesandWesternEuropecomparedtoothercountrieslikeJapanwherehotwaterisassociatedmorewithcomfortthanwithhealth.TheresearcherspublishedtheirresultsintheJuly2013issueofInternationalJournalofConsumerStudies.Theyrecommendedwashingwithwaterthatisatacomfortabletemperaturewhichtheynotedmaybewarmerincoldmonthsandcoolerinhotones.59.Whatdoesthewritermainlyfocusonwhenwritingthispassage?A.Whetherhotwaterhelpskillgermseffectivelyinhandwashing.B.Howhotwatercontributestotheseriousworseningofourplanet.C.Whytheconsumptionofhotwaterisunnecessaryandwasteful.D.WhattheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofusinghotwaterarE.60.Theunderlinedwordscaldinparagraphsixprobablymeans.A.burnB.improveC.softenD.wrinkle61.AccordingtothepassageallthefollowingshareroughlythesameCO2emissionsyearlyEXCEPT.A.twocoal-firedpowerplantsB.USzincorleadindustriesC.1250000passengervehiclesD.ElSalvadororArmenia62.WhichofthefollowingisWRONGaccordingtothepassage?A.Boilingwaterat212°F99.98°Cworkseffectivelyinkillinggerms.B.Warmerwatercandamagetheprotectivelayeroftheoutsideskin.C.ThereismuchdifferencebetweencoldwaterandhotwaterinreducingbacteriA.D.Americanshaveinaccuratebeliefsoroutdatedperceptionsinhandwashing.
DoyoustillwatchcableTVwithonlyseveralchannelsnow?Doyoustillhavetopayyourcablebilleverymonthnow?Doyoustilloftenmissyourfavoriteprogramswhenyouareonbusinessnow?SatellitedirectTVcandealwithalloftheseannoyingproblemsforithasmanyadvantagesandI'mafraidyou'llfallinlovewithit.Ithasmorethan3500channelswithauto-updatE.YoucanchooseyourfavoritechannelatrandomwithoutmanylimitslikecableTV.Ifyou’reeagertoobtainityourneedisjustacomputerandanInternetconnectionwithoutinstallingotherequipment.Howconvenientitis!Andwhataboutitsprice?Moneyisourmostconcern.IfyouaresmartandcarefulenoughtocalculateallkindsofTVs'feesyou'llfindthatitspriceisthecheapestinall.Mostimportantlyyoudon'tneedtospendyourvaluabletimepayingthebilleverymonth.Areyouexcitedtotryit?Andhowtouseit?Don'thurry!FollowmepleasE.Thefirststepyoushoulddoistobecomeamemberofitscorrespondingwebsiteandpaysomenecessaryfees.NextthesimplethingyouneeddoistodownloadthesoftwarewhichcanbesetupeasilyandquicklyassoonaspossiblE.OnceyouhavefinishedityoucouldenjoyyourTVprogramjustfromyourcomputeranytimeoranyplacethroughouttheworlD.AreyousurprisednowAndareyousatisfiedwithitBesidesthesespecialadvantagesyoucanalsowatchprogramsonyourTVsetbyconnectingtoyourcomputer.It'seasytooperatebecausetheinstructionscanshowyouhowtodo.IfyouchoosesatellitedirectTVyou'llchooseanotherenjoyablelifestylE.ItcanmakegreatsignificancE.TogetmorerelatedinformationclickherE.68.Thepassageaimsto______.A.tellustheadvantagesofcableTVB.trytopromoteanewtypeofcableTVC.showushowtousesatellitedirectTVD.persuadeustochoosesatellitedirectTV69.AccordingtothepassagewhichisthegreatestheadacheaboutcableTV?A.Spendingtimepayingthemonthlybill.B.Choosingfromthelimitedchannels.C.Missingfavoriteprograms.D.Installingnecessaryequipment.70.SatellitedirectTVisbettermainlybecause______.A.userscanhavemorechannelsB.userscanwatchitforfreeC.userscanenjoyitconvenientlyandcheaplyD.userscangetacomputerandanInternetconnection71.Thepassageismostprobablytakenfroma______.A.newspaperB.websiteC.textbookD.magazine
AgoodbookforchildrenshouldsimplybeagoodbookinitsownrightsaysMollieHunter.BornandbroughtupnearEdinburghMolliehasdevotedhertalentstowritingprimarilyforyoungpeoplE.Shefirmlybelievesthatthereisandshouldalwaysbeawideraudienceforanygoodbookwhateveritsmainmarketis.InMollie’sopinionitisnecessarytomakefulluseoflanguageandsheenjoystellingastorywhichiswhateverywritershouldbedoing.Ifyouaren’ttellingastoryyou’reaverydeadwriterindeeD.Shesays.WiththechieffunctionofawriterbeingtoentertainMollieisindeedanentertainer.Ihavethisgreatloveofnotonlythemeaningoflanguagebutofthemusicoflanguageshesays.ThislovegoesbacktoearlychildhooD.IhadaschoolteacherwhousedtoaskuswhatwewouldliketobewhenwegrewupandbecausemyfamilyalwayshaddogsandIwasverygoodathandlingthemIsaidIwantedtoworkwithdogsandtheteacheralwayssaid‘NonsenseMolliedearyou’llbeawriter.’SofinallyIthoughtthatthiswomanmusthavesomethingsinceshewasagoodteacherandIdecidedwhenIwasninethatIwouldbeawriter.ThischildhoodintentionisdescribedinhernovelASoundofChariotswhichalthoughwritteninthethirdpersonisclearlyautobiographical自传体的andgivesapicturebothofMollie’sambitionandherstruggletowardsitsachievement.Thoughtsofherchildhoodinevitably不可避免地broughtthoughtsofthetimewhenherhomewasstillavillagewithbuttercupmeadowsandstrawberryfields—sadlynowcoveredwithmodernhouses.IwasoncetakenbacktoseeitandIfeltthatsomebodyhadlaindirtyhandsallovermychildhooD.I’llnevergobackshesaidNever.WhenIsetoneofmybooksinScotlandshesaidIcanrecallmyromanticfeelingsasachildplayinginthosefieldsorwatchingthevillageblacksmithatwork.Andthat’simportantbecausechildrennowknowsomuchsoearlythatromancecan’texistforthemasitdidforus.60.WhatdoesMollieHunterfeelaboutthenatureofagoodbook?A.ItshouldnotaimatanarrowaudiencE.B.Itshouldbeattractivetoyoungreaders.C.Itshouldbebasedonoriginalideas.D.Itshouldnotincludetoomuchconversation.61.InMollieHunter’sopinionwhichofthefollowingisonesignofapoorwriter?A.BeingpoorinlifeexperiencE.B.Beingshortofwritingskills.C.Theweaknessofdescription.D.Theabsenceofastory.62.WhatdowelearnaboutMollieHunterasayoungchild?A.Shedidn’texpecttobecomeawriter.B.Shedidn’tenjoywritingstories.C.Shedidn’thaveanyparticularambitions.D.Shedidn’trespectherteacher’sviews.63.What’sthewriter’spurposeinthistext?A.ToshareherenjoymentofMollieHunter’sbooks.B.TointroduceMollieHunter’sworktoawideraudiencE.C.ToprovideinformationforMollieHunter’sexistingreaders.D.TodescribeMollieHunter’smostsuccessfulbooks.
Here’sthisweek’slistoffouropenjobsthroughoutthelocalareA.Whetheryou’reunemployedandneedajoboryouarejustsickoftheoneyouhaveRoswellPatchwantstohelp.Weknownewjobscanbehardtocomebythesedayswhichiswhywe’lltrytopostaselectionofjobswe’vefoundintheareaonthesiteeachweek.Happyhunting!Part-timeSpanishInstructor—WorldLanguageInstituteInC.–Roswell.WorldLanguageInstituteInC.inRoswelliscurrentlyhiringapart-timenative-speakingSpanishassistant.A.backgroundinrelevantworkandadrivinglicenseareamustforapplicantswhocandrivea15-passengerbustopickupstudentsfromseveralschoolsfrom2p.m.–6p.m.Monday-Friday.You’llbepaid$400eachweek.MoreinformationaboutthejobisavailableonlinE.ExperiencedServers—Chili’s–AlpharettaChili’sinAlpharettaisseekingexperiencedserverstoaddtoitsteam.Qualificationswillincludebeingcleanandneatandhavinggreatattitudeandcustomerserviceskills.Thepayis$1500permonthtipsnotincludeD.Stopbythestoretofilloutanapplication.MoreinformationaboutthispositionisavailableonlinE.RegisteredNurses—NorthFultonRegionalHospital-RoswellNorthFultonRegionalHospitalislookingforaRN/RegisteredNursetofilla12-hournightshift.ApplicantsmustberegisteredandprevioushospitalexperienceispreferreD.Thepositionpays$2000permonth.MoreinformationaboutthepositionisavailableonlinE.SoftwareEngineer—ControlScan-AlpharettaControlScaninAlpharettaishiringasoftwareengineer.Applicantsshouldhavefiveormoreyearsofrelevantexperienceaswellasadvancedknowledgeofcomputertechnology.PayisrelevanttoexperiencE.MoreinformationaboutthepositioncanbefoundonlinE.64.Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthepassage?A.Inanewspaper.B.OnawebsitE.C.InamagazinE.D.Inatextbook.65.Whomayfeelthemostinterestedinthecontentofthepassage?A.A.youngmanwhohasjustgraduatedfromacollegE.B.A.ChineseteacherwhoteachesSpanishinaschool.C.A.personwhohasajobbutisnotsatisfiedwithit.D.Anundergraduatemajoringinengineering.66.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.YoucanonlyapplyforserversofChili’sinAlpharettaonlinE.B.A.registerednurseearnsthemosthandsomesalaryofthejobsmentioneD.C.Theapplicantsneedtobeexperiencedintheirownfields.D.WorldLanguageInstituteislookingforaSpanishlanguageinstructor.67.Whowillmainlyworkatnight?A.JanehiredbyNorthFultonRegionalHospital.B.JohnhiredbyWorldLanguageInstitutE.InC.C.RoberthiredbyControlScan.D.SallyhiredbyChili’s.
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