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Wolves are in the news these days, especially with the controversial(有争议的) Alaskan Wolf Hunting Fest...
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高中英语《》真题及答案
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FarleyworkedfortheCanadianGovernment.Onedayhewa
shouted at
looked into
laughed at
played with
DWolvesareinthenewsthesedaysespeciallywiththecontr
Wolvesareinthenewsthesedaysespeciallywiththecontro
BWolvesareinthenewsthesedaysespeciallywiththecontr
Itisreportedthatconservation环保groupsinNorthAmerica
FarleyworkedfortheCanadianGovernment.Onedayhewa
seen
told
heard
found
FarleyworkedfortheCanadianGovernment.Onedayhewa
food
clothes
guns
plane
FarleyworkedfortheCanadianGovernment.Onedayhewa
grow
have
teach
understand
ItisreportedthatconservationgroupsinNorthAmericaha
FarleyworkedfortheCanadianGovernment.Onedayhewa
a small town
a big city
a far place
a large village
FarleyworkedfortheCanadianGovernment.Onedayhewa
afraid
happy
angry
tired
FarleyworkedfortheCanadianGovernment.Onedayhewa
at times
all the time
once a week
every afternoon
FarleyworkedfortheCanadianGovernment.Onedayhewa
bad
good
hungry
thirsty
______surprisesmostofus.
Wolves are afraid of us
The fact that wolves afraid men
The fact that wolves are afraid of men
Wolves’ afraid of men
10·江苏B.篇ItisreportedthatconservationgroupsinNorthA
ItisreportedthatconservationgroupsinNorthAmericaha
FarleyworkedfortheCanadianGovernment.Onedayhewa
cook
make
get
pick
ItisreportedthatconservationgroupsinNorthAmericaha
ItisreportedthatconservationgroupsinNorthAmericaha
HereinAlaskathewolfalmostdisappearedafewyearsagobe
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Whilemanymodernformsofcommunicationlikephonecallse-mailsandlettersareextremelyconvenientinmyopinionnothingbeatsspeakingtoanotherpersonfacetofacE.Thefirstandmostobviousadvantagethataface-to-facecommunicationhasoveraletterande-mailisthatthereistheabilitytointeractivelyconversE.Ifthesenderofaletteroranemaildoesnotwriteclearlythenmuchtimemustbespentinclearingupthemisunderstanding.Inaface-to-faceconversationmisunderstandingsareeasilydealtwithbecauseoftheinteractivenatureofit.Iwouldstillarguethattheface-to-faceconversationisbetterbecauseyoucanseetheotherperson.Notallcommunicationisverbal;themeaningofmuchofwhatwesaydependsonourbodylanguageandthetoneofvoicE.Jokingandironyareparticularlydifficulttoexpressandenjoywithoutseeingtheexpressiononsomeone’sfaceorwatchingthemovementsoftheirbody.Finallyifthegoalofcommunicationistomaintainordeepentherelationshipwithsomeonetheface-to-facecommunicationoffersthechoiceofcommunicationbytouchevenifwecouldcommunicatebythevideo.TrustandrespectbetweenbusinesspartnerscanbeestablishedwithafirmhandshakE.NoamountofbodylanguagecanconveytheexcitementofahighfivebetweenfriendsandnonumberofwordscancommunicatethecomfortingembraceofalovedonE.TouchisthefirstbasicmethodofourhumanrelationshipbeforespokenlanguageanditisonlyavailablewhenpeoplecommunicatefacetofacE.56.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Howtocommunicatemoreeffectively.B.TheimportanceofusingbodylanguageincommunicationC.Face-to-facecommunicationthebestwayofcommunicatingD.Comparisonofdifferentcommunicationforms57.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinthepassage?A.A.letterore-mailisalwayswrittenunclearly.B.BusinesspartnerscanshowtrustthroughafirmhandshakE.C.Duringaconversationbodylanguageisalsoimportant.D.Theface-to-faceconversationisawayofcommunication.58.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsformsofcommunicationis.A.Modernformsofcommunicationlikephonecallsande-mailsareextremelyconvenient.B.TraditionalwaysofcommunicationareoutofdateandshouldfallintodisusE.C.Face-to-facecommunicationcanonlybeusedamongstrangers.D.Face-to-facecommunicationhasadvantagesovertheotherwaysofcommunication.59.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmaitaininlastparagraphmean?A.keepB.standC.destroyD.reduce
IfIhadonemillionyuanIwouldbuyyouapalace!DoIhaveonemillionyuan?NoIdon’t!soIonlycanspendtenfen分onthisshortmessagesendingyoumybestwishes!TodaySMS—ShortMessageServiceispopularandChinaMobilesaysthateverysecondthereare410messagesbeingsent.Lookaroundyou!Peoplearewatchingtheirmobilessmilingorlaughing.Thumbsarepressingbuttonsbringhappinesstotheirfriends.Thehumorofthewordsshowshowbeautifullanguageis!ThroughSMSweknowtheweatherreportsharejokesandnewsexpressloveandfriendship.ThumbCultureisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.Itisreportedthat67%ofyoungpeopleliketoShorttogreeteachother.InternetSMSwillprovidemoreconveniencetopeoplE.IamgratefulfortheprogressbecauseSMSsavesmemuchmoney.Justonthetipofthumbsomuchjoycanbefound!Thefirstparagraphisan__________.A.e-mail.B.shortmessagE.C.pieceofnews.D.story.WhatcanpeopledothroughSMS?A.BuyapalacE.B.ProvidefooD.C.LearnforeignlanguagE.D.Sendmessages.Thepeoplearesmilingandlaughingwhensendingmessagesbecausethey_________.A.savemuchmoney.B.knowtheweatherreport.C.enjoythehappinessofSMS.D.haveonemillionyuan.Thewriterthinksthat_________.A.SMShelpspeoplealot.B.peoplecanfindjoyontheInternet.C.greetingcancostmuchmoney.D.thumbhasbecomeakindofculturE.
InBritainarrangementsforinvitingandentertainingguestsataweddingareusuallytheresponsibilityofthebride'sfamily.Inmostcasesitismainlyfriendsandrelationsofbothfamilieswhoareinvitedbutwhenbride'sfatherisabusinessmanofsomekindtheweddingreceptionmayprovideausefuloccasionforestablishingsocialconnectionswithclientsorcustomersandotherpeoplewhosegoodwillmaybeofadvantagetohim.itishoweverthebride'smotherwhohasthejobofsendingouttheformalprintedinvitationcards.Inthecaseofachurchweddingthevicarofeachparish教区inwhichthebrideandbridegroomliveisnormallyinformedaboutamonthinadvanceoftheceremonysothatanannouncementofthecomingweddingcanbemadeinchurchoneachofthreeSundaysbeforeittakesplacE.Anyonewhomayknowofanexistingmarriageofeitherpartnerisorderedtogiveinformationthoughthismeansofavoidingbigamymusthavebeenmoreeffectiveinthedayswhenpeopleattendthereligiousserviceandthebrideusuallywearsthetraditionallongwhitedressandveilwhileherbridesmaidswhoarechildrenwearlongdressesinattractivecolors.Thismayalsohappeninthecaseofacivilweddinginaregisterofficebutisprobablylessusual.Thereceptionwhichfollowsmaybeheldinarestaurantalocalhallorwhentherearefewguestsinthebride’sownhomE.Refreshmentsareprovidedaspecialicedwedding-cakeiscutusuallytotheaccompanimentofspeechesanddistributedtothegueststoastsaredrunkanddancingmayfollow.AtsomepointinthecelebrationsthebridegoesofftochangeintoeverydayclothesandthenleavesthepartywithherhusbandtogoontheirhoneymoonthejourneytheywillmaketogetherofteninromanticsurroundingabroaD.Itisthebride'sparentswhonormallyhaveto________.A.makeallthearrangementsfortheweddingB.providehospitalityforthepeopleattendingC.decidewhoshallbeinvitedD.payallexpensesinvolvedWhatpossibledifferenceissuggestedbetweenachurchandacivilwedding?A.Civilweddingsarelesscommonlyfollowedbyareception.B.Itislessusualforgueststoattendthecivilweddingformalities.C.GuestsatcivilweddingsarelessformallydresseD.D.Therecouldbelessattentionpaidatthelattertoconventionandpicturesqueeffect.Thereceptionnormallytakesplaceinthebride’shomeif________.A.thisisalargeonE.B.thereisenoughroomtoentertainthepeopleinviteD.C.theparentscannotaffordtohireahall.D.thereistobenopartyafterwards.Thecoupleleavefortheirhoneymoon________.A.afterthechurchorregisterofficeceremonyB.immediatelyafterthecakehasbeencutandthespeechesmadeC.attheendofthereceptionD.assoonasthebrideisready
Fewofusmakemoneybylosingsleep.ButthreegraduatestudentsatBrownUniversityinProvidencebuiltacompanyaroundsleepdeprivation睡眠不足.JasonDonahueBenRubinandEricShashouawereworkinglatenightsinBrown'sbusinessandengineeringschools.Theybeganthinkingaboutwaystosleepbetter.Theydiscoveredtheyweren'taloneinburningthemidnightoil.Around20%ofAmericansgetlessthansixhoursofrestanight.Thefriendsimaginedasmartalarmclockthatcouldtrackhowmuchtimepeoplespendinthemostrestorative有回复作用的stagesofthesleepcycle:REMrapideyemovementanddeepsleep.Whatwoulditcosttodesignsuchathing?Fiveyearsofresearch20employees$14millionandawholelotofdoubtingfrominvestorsandscientists.TheircompanyZeobasedinNewtonMasslauncheditsproductinJune2009.TheZeodeviceusesaheadbandwithtinysensors传感器thatscanyourbrainforsignsoffoursleepstates-REMlightdeepandwakingsleep.Thesmartalarmclockdisplaysagraphofyoursleeppatternandwakesyouasyou'renotinREMsleepwhichiswhenyou'releastgroggy.Inthemorningyoucanuploadthedatatothecompany'sWebsiteandsotrackyoursleepovertimE.MostofthefeedbackcomesintheformofZeo'sZQscoreshowinghowwellyou'veslept.ZeoallowspeopletounlockthisblackboxofsleepsaysDaveDickinsonahealth-careCEO.Whetheranyofthisactuallyimprovessleepisuptotheconsumerwhowillalsoneedtomakelifestylechangeslikecuttingoutalcoholbeforebedtimeorcaffeineafter3pm.FornowthecompanyissellingZeoonlineonly.DickinsonalsoplanstospreadittocountriessuchasAustraliawheresleepdeprivationapproachesUSlevels.WhowillsupportZeo?A.Peoplefullofimagination.B.Peoplesufferingsleepingproblems.C.PeoplehavingaccesstotheInternet.D.Peoplehavingbadlifestyles.Whydidthethreegraduatestudentsimagineasmartalarmclock?A.Towakethemupontimeinthemorning.B.Toearnenoughmoneyfortheirstudy.C.Toimprovethequalityofpeople'ssleep.D.Toenjoytheirlifewhileworkingatnight.TodesigntheZeodevicethethreegraduatestudents____.A.spentmuchtimeandmoneyB.werewidelysupportedbyscientistsC.workedbythemselvesallthetimeD.attractedmanyinvestorsWhatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Zeohasadirecteffectonusers'lifestyles.B.ItneedsmorepersonaleffortstomakeZeofunctionbetter.C.AlargequantityofZeodeviceshavebeensoldinAustraliA.D.ConsumerscangototheZeocompanytopurchaseZeoinperson.
Manypeoplewritetonewspaperandmagazinestoexpresstheiropinions.Letterstotheeditormustcarrythewriter’sfullnameaddressandtelephonenumberalthoughtheinformationisnotnecessaryforpublication.Thisrequirementtoprovidepersonalparticularsisaclearindicationthatwritersareheldresponsibleforwhattheysay.WhenawriterwantshisvoiceheardheneedstoclaimownershipofhisvoicE.ResponsibilityisthenameofthegamE.PeopletodaypreferlivingtogethertoputtingtheirsignaturesonamarriagecertificatebecausetheyrefusetoacceptresponsibilityfortherelationshipsaidsocialworkerKenYipandthisiswhatiscausingalotoffamilyproblems.Whenwesignapaperforexampleabusinesscontractorabankdocumentthesignatureisasealofconsentanagreementtotakethematterseriously.Mostgovernmentsandmanyorganizationswillnotprocesswrittencomplaintsiftheydonotbearthewriter’ssignaturE.Theabsenceofasignaturetheyexplaintellsusthatthewritercannotbetooseriousandthereforedoesnotdeserveareply.Therearepeoplewhowishtoremainanonymous匿名的forvariousreasons.Multi-billionaireMr.Kingdonatesgenerouslytocharityseveraltimesayear.Hegivessimplybecausehewantstohelpbutnotforthepublicityhisdonationsmaybringandhedoesnotwanthisgooddeedstomakenews.Inothercasespeopleinsistonanonymitybecausetheyareafraidoftheconsequencesofrevealingtheiridentity.CrimewitnessesmaybewillingtoassistthepolicebutmostareunwillingtogivetheirnameswhenreportingacrimE.Nameornoname?TheanswerisverypersonalandliesinhowmuchwewanttogetinvolveD.WeallhaveanamE.Itisamatterifresponsibilitytouseitwhenwemakeastatementaclaimoranaccusation.Weallwanttohonourourownnameanditisonlybystampingourexpressionofanopinionwithourownnamethatwehonourwhatwesay.WhatdoesthewritermeanbysayingResponsibilityisthenameofthegame?A.WritersneedtoprovidetheirpersonalinformationinthegamE.B.Publicationmustbearthewriter’sfullnameaddressandphonenumber.C.Writersshouldberesponsiblefortheirnames.D.Namesarerequiredtoindicatewriters’responsibilityforwhattheysay.Thesecondparagraphsuggeststhatapaperwithoutasignaturemay_______.A.helptoendarelationshipB.notgetareplyC.beacceptedallthesameD.becomeafamilyproblemSomepeopledon’twanttheirnamesknownbecausetheyare________.A.hesitanttomakeadonationB.unwillingtodrawpublicattentionC.afraidofanaccusationD.readyforinvolvementThepassageismainlyabout_______.A.honourandwritersB.identityandsignatureC.signatureandresponsibilityD.anonymityandsignature
InterviewwithapresidentWhilemanyteenagersmaydreamofmeetingwithpopstarJayChouorNBAheroYaoMingLiJinghadafarmorepowerfulpersononherminD.TheSenior2fromBeijingNo.35HighSchooldreamtofmeetingRussianPresidentVladimirPutin.AftermorethanayearofhardworkandwithalittlegoodluckLifulfilledherdream.OnOctober112004the16-year-oldgirljoinedateamofChinesejournalistswhowenttoKremlininMoscowtointerviewPutin.LifeltnervousbeforetalkingtoPutin.ButhisgreetingandwarmsmileputmeateaseshesaiD.LiadmiredPutinverymuchbecauseofhisstrongwillandstyleofleadership.HelooksverycoolLisaiD.DuringherinterviewLiaskedPutinwhetherheplanstoeducatehistwodaughterstobeofficialsinthefuturE.Putinsmiledandansweredhehopestheycandowhateverjobsuitstheirinterestsandpersonalities.AlthoughliwouldonlyhaveseveralminutesshestartedworkingonherinterviewquestionslastAugustafterapplyingfortheopportunity.Journalistsworkisbynomeanseasy.YouneedtodolotsofhomeworkonyourintervieweeshesaiD.ShereadmanybooksaboutPutinandRussiainhersparetimE.Li’sparentsencouragedhertobeastudentjournalist.Wefullysupportedheraslongasitdoesnotaffectsherstudiessaidherfather.PreviouslyinherjobforastudentmagazineChineseYoungJournalistsshewrotealettertoPresidentHuJintaoduringtheSARSepidemiC.LihaslearntalotfromherexperiencE.Shesaidlearningtomanagehertimeanddeveloptheconfidencetospeakwithimportantpeoplewerenotthingsshecouldlearninclass.Theunderlinedwordintervieweeinthefifthparagraghprobablymeans_____.A.thepersonwhointerviewsB.thepersonwhoisinterviewedC.thepersonwhoknowshowtointerviewD.thepersonwhoplanstointerviewafamouspeopleWhichofthefollowingbestdescibesLiJing’sparents’attitudetowardsherbeingastudentjournalist?A.TheythinktobeastudentjournalistispurelyawasteoftimE.B.theyworrythattobeastudentjournalistwillaffectherstudy.C.TheyconsideritisquitegoodforLiJingontheconditionofnotstrikingherstudy.D.Theyneithersupportitnorobjecttoit.LiJingisdifferentfromthosestudentsofherageinthat______.A.shedoesn’tlikepopstarJayChouB.shehatesmeetingwiththeNBAheroYaoMingC.shewantstomeetneitherJayChouorYaoMingD.shedreamsofmeetingthepresentpowerfulRussianleader
第三部分阅读理解第一节20小题第二节5小题每小题2分满分50分阅读下列短文从每题所给的四个选项A.B.C和D中选出最佳选项并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑Whenwethinkaboutgivinghelptodevelopingcountriesweoftenthinkaboutgivingmoneysothatthesecountriescanbuildschoolsandhospitalsbuyfoodandmedicineorfindcleanwatersupplies.Theseseemtobemostimportantbasicneedsofthepeoplewearetryingtohelp.Howeverit'sfarfromenough.Wehavetocomeupwith想出somebetterideastohelpthem.IwasverysurprisedthenwhenIreadaboutaplantomakecheaplaptopcomputersforchildrenindevelopingcountries.AmancalledNicholasNegroponteinventedacheaplaptopcomputerwhichcanrunwithoutelectricity.HedecidedtoinventthiscomputerafterhevisitedaschoolinCambodiA.ThelaptopwhichMr.Negropontehasdesignedisalittledifferentfromthenormallaptopcomputersyoucanbuyinshops.Onedifferenceisthatitwillbecoveredinrubber橡皮橡胶sothatitisverystrongandwon'tbedamagedeasily.Aselectricitysupplycanbeaproblemindevelopingcountriesthecomputeralsohasaspecialhandle手柄sothatchildrencanwind转动thecomputeruptogiveitextrapowerwhenneedeD.Thesespeciallaptopcomputerswillcostlessthan$100andMr.Negropontewantstobuildasmanyas15millionmachinesinthefirstyearofproduction.Theideaisthatthesecomputerswillhelpthechildren'seducationastheywillbeabletoaccesstheInternet.Thesecomputersmightnothelpthepeopleindevelopingcountriesimmediatelybutbyimprovingchildren'seducationtheyshouldhelppeopletofindtheirownsolutionstotheirproblemsinthelongterm.Anotherideatohelpchildrenindevelopingcountriesistorecycleoldmobilephonessothattheycanbeusedagain.IntheUKandprobablyinmanyothercountriestoomillionsofmobilephonesarethrownawayeveryyear.Thewastecreatedbythrowingawaytheseoldphonesisverybadfortheenvironmentsoitseemstobeanexcellentideatorecyclethem.InthiswayweshallbeabletoachievetwoimportantgoalsatthesametimE.Wewillreducethewasteweproduceandhelpothers.Inotherwordswewillbeabletokilltwobirdswithonestoneandthatisalwaysagoodthing.56.It'sanexcellentideatorecycleoldmobilephonesbecause_______.A.itreduceswasteandcanhelpothersB.itpreventswasteandcanearnlotsofmoneyC.itcansendthewasteproducedbydevelopedcountriestoothercountriesD.itisgoodfortheenvironmentandveryeducativeforphoneusers57.TheauthorgivestheexampleofMr.Negroponte'scheapcomputers_______.A.toshowwhathightechcanbringus.B.toillustratethekindnessofpeopleinthedevelopedcountriesC.toshowhowtofindbusinessopportunitiesindevelopingcountriesD.togiveanexampleofhowtohelpdevelopingcountries58.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutMr.Negroponte'scheapcomputers?A.Hiscomputersdon’tneedanypowertofunctionwell.B.Hiscomputersarecoveredwithrubbersothattheyareverycheap.C.Hiscomputerswillhelpchildrenindevelopingcountriestohavebettereducation.D.Hiscomputerswillhelppeopleindevelopingcountriestofindallthesolutions.59.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedoreplacetheunderlinedwordinparagraph３A.blowB.turnC.pushD.lift60.Wheredoesthispassageprobablycomefrom?A.A.magazineB.A.newspaperC.A.lectureD.Anadvertisement
IV.阅读理解共15小题;每小题2分满分30分阅读下列短文从每题所给的四个选项A.B.C和D中选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑ATheprivateautomobile私家车haslongplayedanimportantroleintheUnitedStates.InfactithasbecomeanecessaryandimportantpartoftheAmericanwayoflifE.In1986sixty-ninepercentofAmericanfamiliesownedatleastonecarandthirty-eightpercenthadmorethanonE.Bygivingworkersrapidtransportationtheautomobilehasfreedthemfromhavingtoliveneartheirplaceofwork.Thishasencouragedthegrowthofthecitiesbutithasalsoledtotrafficproblems.Forfarmfamiliestheautomobileisveryhelpful.Ithasmadeitpossibleforthemtotraveltotownveryoftenforbusinessandforpleasureandalsototransporttheirchildrentodistantschools.Familylifehasbeenaffectedinvariousways.Thecarhelpstokeepfamiliestogetherwhenitisusedforpicnicsoutingsandothersharedexperiences.Howeverwhenteenagechildrenhavetheuseofthecartheirparentscan’tkeepaneyeonthem.Thereisagreatdangerifthedriverhasbeendrinkingalcoholortakingdrugs—orisshowingoffbyspeedingorbreakingothertrafficlaws.Mothersofvictims受害者ofsuchaccidentshaveformedanorganizationcalledMADDMothersAgainstDrunkDriving.Thesewomenwanttopreventfurthertragedies悲剧.TheyhaveworkedtoencouragethegovernmenttolimittheyoungestdrinkingagE.StudentshaveformedasimilarorganizationSADDStudentsAgainstDrunkDrivingandarespreadingthesamemessageamongtheirfriends.FormanyAmericanstheautomobileisanecessity.Butforsomeitisalsoamarkofsocialpositionandforyoungpeopleasignofbecominganadult.AltogethercarsmeanverymuchtoAmericans.56.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetext?A.Carshaveencouragedthegrowthofthecities.B.Carscanbringfamiliestogetherwhentheygoforpicnics.C.Carshaveenabledpeopletolivefarfromtheirplaceofwork.D.Carshelpcityfamiliestotransporttheirchildrentofarawayschools.57.Whathasbeendonetodealwiththeproblemofdrunkdriving?A.Parentshavepaidmoreattentiontotheirchildren.B.Someorganizationshavebeensetupagainstdrunkdriving.C.Mothershavetriedtopersuadetheirchildrennottodrinkalcohol.D.Universitystudentshaveaskedthegovernmenttosolvetheproblem.58.Wecaninferfromthetextthat__________inAmericA.A.itwillbemoredifficultforpeopletogetnewcars.B.parentswillnotallowtheirchildrentohavetheirowncars.C.thegovernmentwillencouragepeopletousepublictransportation.D.carswillstillbepopularthoughtheyhavecausedmanyproblems.
Thenewstudiesshowthatfewerthanhalfofthe9thgradersinmanyofthenation’slargestcitiescanevergraduatE.Thestudiesclearlyshowthatthedropoutrateisn’tdropping.Andinparticularthedropoutrateisn’tdroppingforpoorandminoritystudents.Amazinglythoughsomanyregrettherisingdropoutrateourschoolscontinuetolackformalplans--oranyplans--toteachstudentsmotivation动机.Mostschoolshavenogameplantoensurethatstudentsunderstandthatschoolwillbecompletelynecessary.Schoolsexpectyouthandchildrentoactasthoughschoolisimportantbuttheyneverteachthemtobelievethat.Yearsagofamiliesensuredthattheoffspringrecognizedthevalueofschool.Butinmanymodernfamiliesthechildrenmayfailtorecognizetheimportanceofschoollifejustbecausethesefamiliesmayactuallytellthechildthatschoolisnotimportant.Sincemanyfamiliesarenotmotivatingtheirchildrentobeinterestedstudentsyouthprofessionalsliketeachersmayneedtoprovidethistraining.Otherwiseitislikelythedropoutratewillcontinuenottodropbutonlyworsen.Herearesomestrategiestoconvinceeventhemostapathetic无动于衷的studentsthattheymuststayinschool.Askstudentsiftheywilleverneedtowork:TheworldhaschangeD.100yearsagofactoryworkwastheboomingjobanditrequirednoeducation.TodayfactoriesareincreasinglyautomateD.Mostcomputer-relatedjobsrequireeducationandatleastahighschooldiplomA.Askstudentswhichcenturytheywillbepreparedfor:In1900themostcommonjobswerefarmlaboreranddomesticservant—educationnotneedeD.Nowthemostcommonjobsareofficeandsalesworker—educationanddiplomausuallyneedeD.Anamazing6outof10peopletodayworkinastoreorofficE.AskstudentstodeviseawaythattheemployeecouldbereplaceD.Forexamplethecomingtrendinfastfoodistousecomputersratherthanpeopletoruntherestaurant.A.prototypeisapparentlyalreadybeingtesteD.Thestudentsshoulddiscoverthatmostjobsthatlackeducationanddiplomarequirementsmayberipeforautomation.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartmeaninParagraph1?A.Fewstudentscanaffordtogotoschoolinlargecities.B.A.largenumberofthe9thgradescangraduatenow.C.Therearestillquiteafew9thgradersleavingschoolearly.D.Mostschoolsinlargecitieshavefewerandfewerstudents.Withoutthehelpofyouthprofessionals_____.A.moreandmorefamilieswillgraduallyrecognizethevalueofschool.B.someparentswillbemoreconvincedoftheirchildren’sfuturE.C.itislikelythatthedropoutrateinschoolswon’tcontinuetodrop.D.theschoolswillmakeproperplanstosolvetheproblemswithdropout.Theauthortakesfactoryworkforexamplemainlyto______.A.tellusthatmanyjobsrequirescertaineducationinthepastB.showthattherearemorefactoryworkandemploymentinmodernsocietyC.showthatemploymentinthecomputerfieldgrowsatahighrateD.emphasizethatmodernjobsrequireeducationandschoolsarenecessaryItcanbeinferredthat______.A.bothschoolsandfamiliesshouldanswerforthehighdropoutrateB.manynewjobsdon’tneedchildren’shighschooldiplomaC.workinginastoredoesn’trequireahighschooldiplomaD.mostschoolsarereadytohelpstudentsrecognizetheimportanceofstudyIfstudentsplaytheReplaceMegametheresultwouldbe______.A.Theywillknowthattheycan‘always’dowithoutadiplomaB.MoreofthemwilldropoutearlytogotoworkC.TheywilldiscoverthatlackeducationisadisadvantageinchoosingjobsD.Theywillbecomebetteratusingcomputerstohuntforajob
EveryyeartherearehundredsofearthquakesindifferentpartsoftheworlD.InSeptember1923TokyoandYokohamawerebothdestroyedbyanearthquakeandthefiresthatfollowedit.Theyhadtobecompletelyrebuilt.OneofthemostseriousearthquakeswasinChina’sShanxiprovincein1556.ItkilledalmostonemillionpeoplE.Wemeasureanearthquake’sstrengthontheRichterScalE.TheRichterScalewasintroducedin1935inSouthernCaliforniaintheUSA.Itmeasuresearthquakesonascaleofonetoten.Anyearthquakemeasuringfiveormoreisusuallyserious.TheEarth’scrust地壳ismadeupofrockcalledplates.AstheseplatesmovetheysometimescrashagainsteachothercausingthecrusttoquakE.IncitiessuchasTokyowheresmallquakeshappenquiteoftenmanymodernbuildingsaredesignedtobeflexiblesowhentheEarthmovestheymovewithit.Earthquakescanalsobreakupgasandoilpipes.Thiscancausefirestobreakoutwhichcandoasmuchdamageastheearthquakeitself.Anothereffectofearthquakesistsunamis.ThesearehugewavescreatedbyearthquakesbeneaththeseA.TheycanbemanymetershighandcausegreatdamagetocoastaltownsandcitiesChinaJapanRussiaandtheUSAhavethehighestoccurrence发生ofearthquakesintheworlD.Thepassageismainlyabout.A.scientistswhostudyearthquakesB.thewayofmeasuringearthquakesC.ausualnaturaldisasterD.whatpeopleshoulddointheearthquakeTheearthquakeinShanxiProvincewhichinNOTtrue?A.happenedin1556B.killedonemillionpeopleC.wastheonlyearthquakeinChinaD.causedalotofdamageEarthquakesA.don’tcausemuchdamageB.arenotseriousC.mostpossiblyhappeninJapanD.happenallovertheworldAccordingtothepassageweknowthattsunamis.A.cancauseearthquakesB.arecausedbyearthquakesC.onlyhappenonlandD.areawayofmeasuringearthquakes
Shanghai:Carrentals出租arebecomingmoreandmorepopularasaninexpensivewayoftakingtotheroads.Businesspeopleforeignersandfamiliesalikearemakinggooduseofthegrowingindustry.ThefirstcarrentalfirmopenedinShanghaiin1992andnow12carrentalplayersareinthegamewithmorethan11500carsintheirbooks.Thelargestplayer-ShanghaiBashiTourismCarRentalCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices-deluxesedansminivansstationwagonscoaches.SantanasedansarethebigfavoritE.Firmscanattractenoughcustomersfor70percentoftheircarseverymonth.ThisfigureshootsupduringholidayseasonslikeNationalDayLaborDayandNewYear'sDaywithsomerecording100percentrental.Themajormarketforcerestsinthegrowingpopulationofwhite-collaremployees白领雇员whocanaffordthenewservicesaidZhuangYumarketingmanagerofShanghaiAngelCarRentalCo.56.Thewordsdeluxesedansminivansandstationwagonsusedinthetextreferto______.A.carsinthemakingB.carrentalfirmsC.carsforrentD.carmakers57.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?A.70%ofthecarscanberentedoutonholiday.B.70%ofthecustomersarewhite-collaremployees.C.Morefirmsareopenforserviceduringholidayseasons.D.Somefirmsrentoutalltheircarsduringholidayseasons.58.Shanghai'scarrentalindustryisgrowingsofastmainlydueto______.A.bettercarssuppliedbyproducerB.fastserviceofferedbycarrentalfirmsC.theincreasingnumberofwhite-collaremployeesD.People'sgrowinginterestintravellingduringholidays
DevelopmentallygirlstaketheleaD.Theytalkearlierreadearlierandcountearlier.InpreschooltheyscorehigheronIQteststhantheirmalefellows.TheyusuallyreceivebettergradesinelementaryschoolthanboysyetinpublicschoolsfarmoregiftedboysthangiftedgirlsareidentifiedbythefifthgradE.Girlsbegintogoundergroundwiththeirtalentsandabilitiessometimebetweenthefifthandninthgrades.Traditionalteachertraininghasfocusedontheteachingtoboys’interestsandbehaviorswhichisthoughttohelpkeeporderinclassrooms.Boysmainlyexpressthemselvesbyactingoutdisturbingtheclassroominavarietyofwayswhilegirlsonthecontrarymainlyexpressthemselvesbyactinginbecomingsilentwithdrawnandnon-participativE.Onewaytocontrolboyswastobesurethattheywerecontributing---thereforeteachershavetraditionallycalledonboysmoreoftenthangirls.BoysandgirlscometoverydifferentconclusionsaboutthemselvesevenwhenthedataonwhichtheybasetheirdecisionsarethesamE.ResearchshowsthatboysaremorewillingtoacceptsuccessandbepraisedfortheiraccomplishmentsthangirlsarE.Adultseventeachersoftenhavedifferentexpectationsofboysandgirlsespeciallyintheareaofmathematicalachievement.Accordingtothepassageinelementaryschoolaschoolgirlthanaschoolboy.A.isbetteratsportsB.getshighergradesC.islesstalkativeD.ismoretroublesomeGenerallyaschoolmastertraditionallypaysmoreattentiontoboysbecause.A.theyaremoregiftedthangirlsB.theyarenotgoodatexpressingthemselvesC.theyaremorelikelytomaketroubleD.theyoftenbullygirlsinclassAccordingtothepassageatraditionalexperiencedteacherwould.A.haveagirlasmonitoroftheclassB.scoldboysfortheirbadbehaviorsC.callongirlsfromtimetotimeD.praiseboysmorefrequently
Mostyoungarchitects—particularlythoseinbigcities—canonlydreamaboutworkinginabuildingoftheirown.AndmakingthatdreamcometrueoftenmeansfindingabuildingnooneelseseemstowantwhichisexactlywhathappenedtoDavidYocumandhisparterBrainBell.Theirbuildingisaformerautomobileelectrical-partsfilminAtlantA.Formtheoutsideitlookstoooldevensomethinghorriblebutopenthedoorandyouareinawideopencourtyardlinedonthreesideswithrusting生锈的walls.In2000YocumandBellfoundthisbuildinginthecity’sWestEnD.Builtin1947thestructurehadbeenabandonedyearsearlierandtheroofofthemainbuildinghadfallendown.ButthepricewasrightsoYocumboughtit.Hespenteightmonthsofhisoff-hoursondemolition排除pullingrubbishoutthroughtheroofbecauseitwastoodangeroustogoinsidethebuilding.Thedemolitionwashardworkbutitgavehimtimetothinkaboutwhathewantedtodoandtotreasurewhatwasthere—thewallstherustthelight.YocumsaiD.Everyseasonmorepaintfallsoffthewallsandmorerustdevelops.It’slikeanartinstallation装置inthere—aslow-motionshow.Sincethebackbuildinghadbeenconstructedwithoutwindowsanall-glassfrontwasaddedtothebuildingtogiveitaviewofthecourtyardandskylightswereinstalledintheroof.ThebackofthebuildingisaworkingareaandalivingroomforYocumandhiswifE.A.sortofbuffer缓冲zonebetweenthefrontandthebackcontainsabathroomakitchenandamechanicalroomandthewallsthatseparatethesezoneshaveopeningsthatallowviewsthroughtothefrontofthestudioandthecourtyardbeyonD.YocumandBellwhohavejustcompletedanartgalleryforthecityfeelthattheexperiencefromthedecorationoftheirbuildingfocusingontheinsideratherthantheoutsidehasinfluencedtheirwork.Ithasalsogiventhesearchitectsachancetoshowhowtheycanmakemoreoutofless.68.Accordingtothepassageitis_______formostyoungarchitectsinbigcitiestoworkinabuildingoftheirown.A.easyB.unnecessaryC.unrealisticD.common69.Yocumboughttheoldbuildingbecause_____.A.itwasabargaintohimB.itwasstillingoodconditionC.itwaslocatedinthecitycenterD.itlookedattractivefromtheoutside70.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatYocumandBell_____.A.benefitedalotfrompullingdowntheroofB.turnedmoreoldbuildingsintoartgalleriesC.gotinspirationfromdecoratingtheiroldbuildingD.paidmoreattentiontotheoutsideoftheartgallery71.Themainideaofthepassageisthat______.A.peoplecanlearnalotfromtheirfailures.B.itisworthwhiletospendmoneyonanoldbuildingC.peopleshouldnotjudgethingsbytheirappearanceD.creativepeoplecanmakethebestofwhattheyhave
MailwasusuallycarriedwestonshipsthatsailedaroundthebottomofSouthAmericaandthennorthtoCaliforniA.Thatcouldtakeseveralmonths.Soineighteenfifty-sevenD.C.LawmakersinCongress国会inWashingtonwantedtomakeitpossibletosendmailallthewayacrosstheUnitedStatesbylanD.CongressofferedtohelpanycompanythatwouldtrytodelivermailoverlandtotheWestCoast.A.mannamedJohnButterfieldacceptedthisoffer.Hedevelopedplansforacompanythatwouldcarrythemail—andpassengerstoo.CongressgaveJohnButterfieldsixhundredthousanddollarstostarthiscompany.InreturnhehadtopromisethatthemailwouldtravelfromSaintLouisMissouritoSanFranciscoCaliforniaintwenty-fivedaysorless.ItwasnotpossibletotravelstraightthroughbecauseoftheRockyMountainsandthedeepsnowthatfellinwinter.Sothestagecoach马车wouldtravelsouthfromSaintLouistoElPasoTexasthenovertosouthernCaliforniathennorthtoSanFrancisco.Thedistancewasaboutfourthousandfivehundredkilometers.Twohundredofthesestationswerebuilteachaboutthirty-twokilometersapart.Theworkersweretoquicklychangethehorsesormuleswheneverastagecoachreachedthestation.Therecouldbenodelay.Eachstagecoachwastotravelnearlytwohundredkilometersaday.Onehundredstagecoacheswerebuiltandpaintedredordarkgreen.Theywerethemostmoderncoachesthatmoneycouldbuy.Theyweredesignedtoholdasmanyasninepassengersandtwelvethousandpiecesofmail.Theseatsinsidecouldbefoldeddowntomakebeds.Passengerseithersleptonthemoronthebagsofmail.ThecostwouldbeonehundredfiftydollarstotravelfromSaintLouistoSanFrancisco.Ifapassengerwasnotgoingallthewaythecostwasabouttencentsakilometer.Thepassengershadtobuytheirownfoodatthestations.Thestagecoachwouldstopforfortyminutestwotimesaday.Thecompanywarnedpassengersaboutthepossibledangers.A.postersaid:YouwillbetravelingthroughIndiancountryandthesafetyofyourpersoncannotbygrantedbyanyonebutGoD.1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.DifferentwaysofsendingmailintheUnitedStates.B.ThedifficultyinsendingmailsacrosstheUSAbylanD.C.Thefirststagecoachesthatcarriedbothpassengersandmail.D.ThehistoryofthefirststagecoachescarryingmailtotheAmericanWest.2.ThereasonwhyLawmakerswantedtosendmailbylandwasthat________.A.mailwasusuallycarriedwestonshipsB.itwassafertotraveltosendmailbylandC.itwouldtakelesstimetosendmailbylandD.stagecoachescouldcarrypassengersandmail3.Asisdescribedinthepassagethestagecoach________.A.couldonlystoponceadayB.wasmodernwithseatsbedsandcookingequipmentC.wasaclosedwagonoperatedonlybyskillfuldrivers.D.haddifferenthorsesormulespulledalltheway4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.JohnButtterfieldgotthousandsofdollarsfordeliveringmailinstagecoaches.B.JohnButtterfieldkepthispromisetodelivermailstraighttotheWestCoast.C.PassengersmightberobbedbyIndianswhentravelingthroughtheWest.D.Passengersneededtopayonehundreddollarsfortheirjourney.
Today’sdriversmayfeelshockedbythehighpriceofpetrolwhentheydrivetothegasstation.Howeverthecarindustryhasthetechnologytosolvetheproblem.It’sthehybridcar混合动力汽车.Whatisahybridcar?Anycarthatusestwoormoresourcesofpowerisahybridcar.Mosthybridcarsontheroadrightnowarepetrol-electrichybrids.Thepetrol-electrichybridcarisjustwhatitsoundslike—acrossbetweenapetrol-poweredcarandanelectriccar.A.gas-poweredcarhasafueltank油箱whichsuppliespetroltotheenginE.Anelectriccarontheotherhandhasasetofbatteriesthatprovideselectricityforthecar.Tobeusefultoyouormeacarshouldbeabletorunatleast300miles483kmbeforerefuelingbecapableof能够beingrefueledquicklyandeasilyandfastenoughtokeepupwiththeothertrafficontheroaD.A.petrolcarmeetstheserequirements要求butproducesalargeamountofpollution.Anelectriccarhoweverproducesalmostnopollutionbutcanonlygo50to100miles80to161kmbetweenrecharging充电.AndtheproblemhasbeenthattheelectriccarisveryslowandinconvenienttorechargE.A.petrol-electriccarcombinestheadvantagesofthetwopowersourcesintoonesystemthatusesbothgaspowerandelectricpower.Someexpertsbelievethatthehybridcaristhenextgenerationofsmartcars.A.hybridcarcangoupto50%furtherthanatraditionalcarcanonthesameamountofgas!Itsavesdriver’smoneyongasandcutsairpollution!WhatdotheunderlinedwordstheprobleminParagraph1referto?A.Thepriceofpetrolgoesupanddown.B.Thegas-poweredcarissoldatahighpricE.C.Thegas-poweredcarcausesairpollution.D.Thepriceofpetrolkeepsgoingup.Howmanysourcesofpowerdomosthybridcarsuse?A.Two.B.ThreE.C.Four.D.Itdepends.Theauthorthinksthatelectriccars_____.A.aresmartvehiclesB.arepopularvehicleC.arenotpracticalD.arenotslowSomeexpertsbelievethatthehybridcarwillhavealargemarketinfuturebecause_____.A.itisjustpoweredbyrenewableenergyB.itsavesmoneyandiseco-friendlyC.itgoesfurtherthanatraditionalcarD.itissafecheapandproducesnoairpollution
填空共10小题每小题1分满分l0分阅读短文根据所读内容在表中的空格处填上适当的单词或短语注意每空不超过3个单词Whatcausestrafficjams?Toomanycarsright?No!SomeBritsarenowsayingthattrafficlightsaretoblameformuchofthecongestion.Theysuggestthattrafficlightsberemovedatbusyroads.Theybelievepeopleareabetterjudgeofwhenit’ssafetogonotatrafficlightprogrammedbyanabsentregulator.A.reportfromtheInstituteofEconomicAffairsaUKthinktank智囊团arguesthatabolishingtrafficsignalswoulddecreasecongestionreduceexhaust废气emissions排放andimprovesafety.Thereportsaidthatremovinglightsshouldalsopreventotherbadbehaviorcausedbysignals.suchasspeedinguptocatchagreenlightItwouldalsoavoidthewastedtimewhendrivershavetositataredlightevenifnooneisusingthegreenTheideamaysoundstrangebutit’snotnew.SevencitiesandregionsinEuropeareexperimentingwithno-lightsroads.DrachtenintheNetherlandshasgottenridof16ofitstrafficlightcrossingsandchangedtheothertwotoroundaboutsunderasharedspaceschemE.Atcrossingscyclistsdutifullyraisetheirarmwhentheywanttomakeaturnanddriversfollowafirst.arrivedfirst.throughapproachandcommunicatebyhandsignsnodsandwaving.Theresult?TypicaljourneytimehasbeencutinhalfandaccidentsandcongestionhavemostlydisappeareD.TherehavebeensmallcollisionsbutnoproblemsaidHansMondermancreatoroftheschemE.Wewantsmallaccidentsinordertopreventseriousones.Itworkswellbecauseit’sdangerous.ThedriverhastoberesponsibleforhisorherownriskThemanyrulestakeawaytheabilitytobeconsiderateMondermanaddeD.We’relosingourresponsibilityforsociallyresponsiblebehavior.SofarDrachten’slocalshavecalledtheexperimentasuccess.IamusedtoitnowsaidHelenaSpaanstrA.24.Youdrivemoreslowlyandcarefully.butsomehowyouseemtogetaroundtownquicker.TonyOoostward70wasequallyenthusiastiC.Iamawalkerandnowyouarethebossatthecrossroadseveryonewaitsforyou.ButatthesametimewalkerswaituntilthereareanumberofpeoplewantingtocrossatthesametimE.OwenPatersonUK’sShadowTransportMinistervisitedDrachten.HesaidBritainshouldlearnfromthemodel.Theideaistocreatespacewherethereismildanxietyamongeveryonesotheyallbehavecautiously.Noonedrivesfastalongabusystreetthinkingthattheyhaverightofway.ThemodelisbeingtestedinLondon’sKensingtonneighborhooD.
Weknowalmosthalftheworldisurban都市的now–butwhatwillourworldlooklikeintheyear2100?Ittookaboutamillionyearsfortheglobalhumanpopulationtocomeupto1billionin1800.Inthenext200yearsitcameupto6billionanditwilltakeonlyabout20moreyearstoaddanotherbillion.By2100theUnitedNationsestimatesthattheglobalpopulationwillattainmorethan10billion.Bytheendof2008slightlylessthan50percentoftheglobalpopulationlivedincities.Ifeconomicdevelopmentproceedsattoday’spaceoverthenextcenturyorsoitishighlylikelythat8billionpeoplewillliveinurbancentersupfromtoday’sroughly3.3billion.YestheworldwillindeedbeabletoholdsomanypeoplE.Themajorreasonisurbanization城市化.Therewillbemanymorenewcitiesintheyear2100andsomeoftoday’slargecitieswillbecomesupercitiesincludingBeijingDelhiMumbaiSaoPauloShanghaiandsoon.Atthesametimerecentadvancesinagricultureenergyandwatertechnologiessuggestthathumancreationswillkeepupwithpopulationgrowth.Ruralareaswillreturntoanagrarian农业的centretofeedthegrowingcities.Languageswilldropfromthecurrent7000acrosstheglobetolessthanafewhundreD.EnglishwillbetheprimarylanguageoftheworlD.Aswecompress压缩peopleintotheurbancenterandasweleavebehindtheruralareastofeedus–willwereallyliveahappylifeatthattime?Wewillhavetolivetogetherinlargebuildingsincitiesandsaveonenergyandservicesdeliverycost.TherewillbefewchancesforustogetclosetonaturE.Wereallyneedtothinkabouttheeffectofthethingswehavedoneandaredoingnow!1.Theunderlinedwordattaininthesecondparagraphprobablyhasthesamemeaningas________A.increaseB.gainC.reachD.limit2.Withthedevelopmentofurbanizationpeoplein2100willhaveto.A.stayinurbanareasandhavenochancetogetclosetonatureB.developindustryratherthanagriculturetocreatejobopportunitiesC.liveapoorandunhappylifebecausetherewillbelessenergytousE.D.makemorecreationsinagricultureenergyandwatertechnologies3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsurbanization?A.supportiveB.disappointedC.surprisedD.worried4.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Globalurbanizationintheyear2100B.TheprimarylanguageinthefutureC.ReasonsfortherapidincreaseofpopulationD.Thedevelopmentofagriculturein2100
ThefamousAmericangorilla大猩猩expertDianeFosseyhadacompletelynewwaytostudygorillas—shepretendedtobeoneofthem.Shecopiedtheiractionsandwayoflife—eatingplantsandgettingdownonherhandsandkneestowalkthewayagorilladoes.Itwasanewrelationship.DianeFosseywasmurderedinRwandain1985andherstorywasmadeintothepopularfilmGorillasintheMist.ItwasalongwayfromKingKongwhichisaboutagorillaasamonsterafrighteninganimalandhelpedtoshowanewidea:therealmonsterismanwhilethegorillaistobeadmireD.Todaytherearethoughttobearound48000lowlandgorillasandmaybe400—450mountaingorillasinthewilD.FromtheCongoinWestAfricatoRwandaandUgandafurthereasttheyareendangeredbyhuntingandbythecuttingdownoftheirforesthomes.SometimeagoIfoundinmyletterboxalittlemagazinefromtheWorldWideFundforNaturE.IthadtwophotossidebysidE.OnewasofayounggorillA.Thisisaspeciesofmammal哺乳类动物saidthewordsbelowit.Itisbeingdestroyedbyman.WemustsaveitforourowngooD.Theotherphotoshowedahumanbaby.ThewordsalsoreadThisisaspeciesofmammalbutthenwenton:Itisthemostdestructive破坏性的onearth.WemustretrainitforitsowngooD.56.Thetextmainlytalksabout_____.A.DianeFosseyB.thegorillasinRwandaC.theprotectionofthegorillasD.thefilmGorillasintheMist57.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat_____.A.GorillasinthemistwasbasedFossey’sexperiencesB.LowlandgorillaslivelongerthanmountaingorillasC.KingKongshowedusthatagorillaisadmirableD.DianeFosseywasmurderedbyagorilla58.Whatmessagecanwegetfromthetwophotosinthemagazine?A.Gorillasareman’sclosefriends.B.BothmanandthegorillaneedtobesaveD.C.Younggorillasareaslovelyashumanbabies.D.ManshouldlivepeacefullywiththegorillA.
A.recenttrend趋势inCalifornianrestaurantsshowsneweatinghabitsamongthosepeopleouttohaveaninterestingdiningexperiencE.Appetizers开胃品seemtobethenameofthegamesasdinersturnawayfromthemoretraditionalthree-coursemealinfavorofsmallersnacksservedinvarioustypesofrestaurantsbarsandcafes.Inthiswayinthecourseofaneveningoutyoumightgotoarestaurantforatastydishtoeatatoneendoftowntoabarwithsomelivemusicattheotherendthenforacoffeeandfinallybacktotherestaurantforafurtherappetizer.ReasonsforthistrendarethefactthatsomanydifferenttypesofrestaurantshavebeensetuprecentlyeachwiththeirownparticulartypeoffoodandspecialatmospheretogetherwiththeincreasedspecialtyinthetypeofsnacksbeingoffereD.Gonearethecheesesticksoftheolddayswhenappetizerswerenotreallytakenseriously.Somefavoritesnacksofthemomentareslicesofhotpizzacreamyfish-baseddishesandcrispycakesandsoon.Pricesforappetizersarenotequaltoafullmeal;howevertheirnewpopularityhasmeantthattheyarebynomeansascheapastheyusedtobE.Certainlyforthatspecialoccasionamealinanicerestaurantcompletewiththepianoperformanceishardtobeat.Howeverifweseethistrendforbutterflyeating---movingaroundseveraldifferentplacesinoneeveningcontinuesthenallthetraditionalstylerestaurantsmaywellhavetoprovidetheirownappetizerbarsaswell!HowaretheeatinghabitsoftheCalifornianschanging?A.Peoplearediningoutless.B.Californianrestaurantsarebecominglesspopular.C.Mostpeopleeatlessthantheyusedto.D.A.fullrestaurantmealislesspopular.Alltheplacesthatserveappetizers_.A.havemuchthesamemenuB.havetheirownparticularcharacteristicsC.haveabarwithlivemusicD.arelocatedattheendofthetownIfyougooutforaneveningofappetizersyouarelikelyto_.A.needacarortakeabusorothertransportB.beboredwithsomekindsofsnacksC.spendmoretimeforafullmealthanyouwouldD.eattoomuchmeatAppetizersusedtobeseenas.A.relativelyimportantB.afullmealC.acheapmealD.anexpensivemeal
Althoughwomenleadhealthierlongerlivesthecruelperceptionthattheyreachtheirsell-bydateandbecomeoldsoonerthanmeniswidespreadintheworkplaceresearchshows.A.surveyofmorethan2600managersandpersonnelprofessionalsshowedthatagediscriminationisnotonlycommonintheworkplacebutisfullofinconsistencies矛盾.Sixintenmanagersthoughtthattheyhadsufferedfromagediscrimination——usuallybecausetheywereturneddownforajobforbeingtoooldortooyoung.Yetmorethanafifthadmittedthattheyusedageasaconditionwhentheyemploynewworkers.Althoughthesurveyfoundwidespreadagreementthatolderworkerswerebetterthanyoungercolleagueswhenitcametoreliabilitycommitmentloyaltyandcustomerservicethesequalitieswerenotnecessarilyconsideredtobeworthyofadvancement.Morethanhalfofrespondentsbelievedthatworkersbetween30and39werethemostlikelytobeadvancedintheircompanywithonly2percentciting引证50-year-oldsorabovE.DianahWormanoftheCharteredInstituteofPersonnelandDevelopmentsaidthattherewasanecdotalevidencethatpeoplewereconsideredoldatdifferentagesindifferentsectors.WeheardofonemanworkinginITwhosaidhewasconsideredtoooldbytheageof28shesaiD.TherewasnoevidencetosuggestthatolderworkerswerelessvaluabletocompaniesthanyoungerworkersinfacttheoppositewasoftentruebecauseolderworkersoftenbroughtexperiencE.sheaddeD.ThefindingsalsosuggestedthattheGovernment’sideasonageintheworkforcemayalsobeoutofstepwithreality.68.Thetextismainlyabout______.A.thegovernment’sideaonageinworkforceB.agediscriminationintheworkforceC.thepeoplewhofindworkD.thediscussionaboutwhoisworthpromoting69.Theunderlinedwordsell-bydateinparagraph1probablyrefersto______.A.theagewhentheyretireB.theagewhentheyshouldbepromotedC.thedateonwhichthey’resoldD.thedatewhentheysellgoods70.Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthetextisto______.A.tellthegovernmenttoemployolderworkersB.criticizemanagerswhotreatworkersunfairlyC.reportthefindingsofasurveyD.showheobjectstoagediscrimination
Foryearswehavebeentoldthatencouragingachild’sself-respectisimportanttohisorhersuccessinlifE.Butchildexpertsarenowlearningthattoomuchpraisecanleadtotheoppositeeffect.Praise-sholickidswhoexpectitateveryturnmaybecometeenswhoseektosamekindofapprovalfromfriendswhenaskediftheywanttogointhebackseatofthecar.Theimplication含义ofsayingYouaretheprettiestgirlinclassortalkingaboutthegoalsshesucceedbutnotheroveralleffortisthatyouloveheronlywhenshelooksthebestscoresshehighestachievesthemost.Andthiscarriesovertotheclassroom.SocialpsychologistCarrolDweckPhDtestedtheeffectsofoverpraiseon400fifthgraderswhileshewasatColumbiaUniversity.Shefoundthatkidspraisedfortryingharddidbetterontestsandweremorelikelytotakeondifficultassignmentsthanthosepraisedforbeingsmart.Praisingattributes品质orabilitiesmakesafalsepromisethatsuccesswillcometoyoubecauseyouhavethatqualityanditdevalueseffortsochildrenareafraidtotakeonchallengessaysDwecknowatStanfordUniversityTheyfigurethey’sbetterquitwhilethey’reaheaD.TheunderlinedwordsPraise-sholickidsreferstokidswhoare______.A.tiredofbeingpraisedB.worthyofbeingpraisedC.veryproudofbeingpraisedD.extremelyfondofbeingpraisedTheauthorquoted引用Dr.Dweck’swordsinthelastparagraphinordertomakethearticle_____.A.better-knownB.better-organizedC.morepercussiveD.moreinterestingWecaninferfromthepassagethat_____.A.praiseforeffortsshouldbemoreencouragedB.praiseforresultsworksbetterthanpraiseforeffortsC.praisingachild’sachievementsbenefitshisorhersuccessinlifeD.praisingachild’sabilitiesencouragehimorhertotakeonchallenges
WhenpeopleintheU.S.havecompanyorwhenthey'reinvitedtoformalorinformalget-togethertheyusuallymakeapointoftryingtomakeothersfeelcomfortableandrelaxeD.Onthewholetheytendtobeinformal.Menshakehandsbutusuallyonlywhenthey'reintroduceD.Malefriendsandbusinessassociatewhohaven'tseeneachotherinawhilemayshakehandswhentheysayhello.Womenusuallydon'tshakehandswhenbeingintroducedtoeachother.Whenawomanandmanareintroducedshakinghandsisuptothewoman.Americansrarelyshakehandstosaygoodbyeexceptonbusinessoccasions.Americanwomenareusedtobeingindependent.TheyareusedtogoingtoplacesbythemselvesmakingtheirownmoneyandoftenlivingalonE.Sometimestheywillaskmenforhelpbuttheyusuallydon'twanttobeprotecteD.Sincethewomen'smovementstartedit'snotalwaysclearwhetherwomenexpectmentoopendoorsorhelpthemintotheircoats.AmericanwomenmaystartconversationswithmenorevenaskthemtodancE.TherearealotofAmericanswhodon'tsmokeordrinkandmanywhodon'twantpeopletodothosethingsintheirhouses.It'salwaysbesttoaskforpermissionbeforeyoubringalcoholtoadinnerorbeforeyoulightupacigaretteifyouarewithpeopleyoudon'tknowverywell.Non-smokershavebecomemoremilitant好战的aboutsmokinginpublicplaces.Manyrestaurantsforexamplehavesetupspecialareasforsmokers.Houseguestsmaybringgiftswhentheycometovisitandtheyoftenoffertohelpinsomeway.Asaguestyoumaywanttoaskyourhostorhostessifthere'sanythingyoucandotohelpinthekitchen.Inmanycasesthegestureismoreimportantthanactuallyhelping.thegestureismoreimportantthanactuallyhelping.Heregesturemeans_________.A.态度B.话题C.姿态D.言行WhenAmericanpeopleareintroducedtoeachother____________.A.menseldomshakehandsB.womenoftenshakehandsC.awomandecidesifshewillshakehandswithamanD.amandecidesifhewillshakehandswithawoman___________isnotmentionedinthepassagE.A.HowtovisitanAmericanfamilyB.WhenAmericanwomen'smovementstartedC.AmericanwomenareindependentDNon-smokershatesmokinginpublicplaces.WhichoneisNOTright?________________.A.NoneofAmericanswantpeopletosmokeordrinkintheirhousesB.ManyAmericansdon’tsmokeordrinkC.ManyspecialareasforsmokershavebeensetupintheUSD.It’sbesttoaskbeforeyousmokeinAmerica
WhyIDon’tSpareSpareChangePoorbuthonest.Thedeservingpoor.ThesewordsalwayscometomymindwhenIthinkofthepoor.ButIalsothinkofpeoplewhoperhapsthroughalcoholordrugshaveruinednotonlytheirownlivesbutalsothelivesofothersinordertogivewaytotheirownpleasurE.Perhapsalcoholismanddrugaddictionreallyarediseasesasmanypeoplesaybutmyownfeeling－basedofcoursenotonanyseriousstudy－isthatmostalcoholicsanddrugaddictsbelongtotheundeservingpoor.AndthatislargelywhyIdon’tgivesparechangetobeggars.Butsurelyamongthestreetpeopletherearealsosomewhocanrightlybecalleddeserving.Deservingwhat?Mysparechange?Orsimplythegovernment’sassistance?IthappensthatIhavebeenbroughtuptobelievethatitispropertomakecontributionstocharity慈善机构butifIgivesomechangetoabeggaramImakingacontributiontocharityandtherebyhelpingsomeoneoramIperhapssimplyencouragingsomeonenottogethelp?OrmaybeevenworseamIsupportingacheat?Ifonebelievesinthevalueofprivatecharityonecaneithergivetoneedypeopleortocharitableorganizations.Ingivingtoabeggaronemayindeedbehelpingapersonwhobadlyneedshelpbutonecannotbecertainthatoneisgivingtoaneedyperson.Ingivingtoanorganizationontheotherhandonecanfeelthatone’smoneyislikelytobeusedwisely.Truefacingabeggaronemayfeelthatthisparticularunfortunatepersonneedshelpatthismoment－acupofcoffeeorasandwich－andtheneedwillnotbemetunlessIputmyhandinmypocketrightnow.ButIhavecometothinkthatthebeggarswhomImeetcangetalongwithoutmysparechangeandindeedperhapstheyareactuallybetterofffornothavingmoneytobuyalcoholordrugs.Iknownothingaboutthesebeggarsbutit’smyimpressionthattheysimplypreferbeggingtoworking.IamnotgeneralizingaboutstreetpeoplE.IamtalkingaboutthepeoplewhomIactuallymeet.That’swhyIdonotgivesparechangeandIdon’tthinkIwillinthefuturE.68.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofbeggarswhotakedrugs?A.Theyshouldbegivenacheck-up.B.TheyreallyneedmoneytolivE.C.TheyhavenopleasureinlifE.D.Theyarenotworthhelping.69.Whydoesn’ttheauthorgivemoneytostreetpeople?A.Hedoesn’tthinktheyneedhelp.B.Hedoesn’thaveenoughmoneytogivE.C.Heisnotconvincedtheywilluseitrightly.D.Hebelievestheycangethelpfromthegovernment.70.Inthesecondparagraphtheauthorpresentshisideaby_____.A.askingquestionsforpeopletothinkaboutB.givingexamplestosupporthisargumentC.raisingquestionsandansweringthemD.expressinghisopinionsdirectly71.Whichofthefollowingopinionsdoestheauthoraccept?A.DrugaddictionisadiseasE.B.Somestreetpeoplearepoorandneedy.C.Mostbeggarshavereceivedenoughhelp.D.Charitableorganizationshandlemoneyproperly.
Americans:Restless?Illiterate没文化的?Americansarequeerpeople:theycan’trest.TheyhavemoretimemoreleisureshorterworkhoursmoreholidaysandmorevacationsthananyotherpeopleintheworlD.Buttheycan’trest.Theyrushupanddownacrosstheircontinentastourists;theymoveaboutingreatherdstoconferences;theysearchthewilderness;theyfloodthemountains;theykeepthehotelsfull.Buttheycan’trest.Thesceneryrushespastthem.Theylearnit.Battlesandmonumentsareannouncedtothemonatourbus.Theyhearthembuttheydon’tgetthem.Theyneverstopmoving;theyrushupanddownasShrinersMasonsOldGraduatesBankers—theyareanewthingeachdayalwaysrushingtoareunionorsomething.Sotheygoonrushingabouttilleventuallytheundertaker殡葬工gatherthemtoalastconferencE.Americansarequeerpeople:theycan’treaD.TheyhavemoreschoolsandbetterschoolsandspendmoremoneyonschoolsandcollegesthanallEuropE.Buttheycan’treaD.TheyprintmorebooksinayearthantheFrenchprint.Buttheycan’treaD.TheycovertheircountrywithonehundredthousandtonsofSundaynewspaperseveryweek.Buttheydon’treadthem.They’retoobusy.Theyusethemforfiresandtomakemorepaperwith.Theybuyeagerlythousandsofnewnovelsattwodollarseach.ButtheyreadonlypageonE.Theirstreetsarefullofhugesigns.Theywon’tlookatthem.Theirstreetcarsarefilledwithadvertising;theyturntheireyesaway.Transparentcolorscartwheelsandmechanicalflareswhirlandflickerinthecrowdedstreetsatnight.Nooneseesthem.Tonsofletterspourintothemailboxesthroughthehousesanddownthegarbagecans.Noonereadsthem.68.Theunderlinedwordqueermeans___________.A.strangeB.difficultC.forgetfulD.friendly69.AccordingtothetextwhendotheAmericansstoprushingabout?A.Whentheyaretoallowedto.B.WhentheyfeeltiredandsleepyC.WhentheystopbreathingeventuallyD.Whentheyareseriouslyillinbed70.TheAmericansknowtheplacesofbattlesandmonuments___________.A.bydrivingthereinpersonB.whentheyareonthetourbusC.frombooksandmagazinesD.byvisitingthem71.Whydoesthewriterwritethispassage?A.TotellpeopletheAmericansareilliterateB.ToprovetheAmericanstobeaqueernationC.TomakefunoftheAmericanwayoflifeD.TogivethereadersinformationaboutUSA
Howoldisold?Theanswerhaschangedovertheyears.Twohundredyearsagoyouwereoldat35.Atthebeginningofthe20thcenturytheaveragelifespan平均寿命was45.In195070-year-oldswerereallyolD.Todayahealthy70-year-oldisstillthoughtyoung.Sohowoldisold?Theanswerisoneyou’veheardmanytimesfromallkindsofpeoplE.Youareasoldoryoungasyoufeel.YouragesimplytellsyouhowmanyyearsyouhaveliveD.Yourbodytellsyouhowwellyou’veliveD.Nobodygrowsoldbylivinganumberofyears.wroteawriter.Peoplegrowoldwhentheydon’thavetheirideals.Peopleshouldn’thavethewrongideasaboutaging.Sometimesoldermindscanbeasbrightasyoungminds.AliceBrophyoncesaidItmakesmeunhappywhenpeoplesay‘Youlookyoungforyourage’Whatdoesthatmean?Youknowyoucandieoldat30andliveyoungat80.53.ThemeaningoftheunderlinedwordagingisA.growingoldB.stayingyoungC.keepinghealthyD.feelingunhappy54.WhichquestionisNOTansweredinthepassage?A.Canolderpeoplebeasbrightasyoungpeople?B.Whattellsyouhowwellyou’velived?C.Howoldisold?D.whatistheaveragelifespantoday?55.Thepassageismainlyabout__________.A.theaveragelifespanB.agingC.the20thcenturyD.olderpeopleandyoungpeople
SundayismorelikeMondaythanitusedtobE.Placesofbusinessthatusedtokeepdaytimebusinesshoursarenowopenlateintothenight.AndontheInternetthehourofthedayandthedayoftheweekhavebecomeirrelevant不相关的.A.halfcenturyagointheUnitedStatesmostpeopleexperiencedstrongandprecisedividinglinesbetweendaysofrestanddaysofworkschooltimeandsummertimE.Todaytheboundariesstillexistbuttheyseemnotclear.ThelawinalmostallstatesusedtorequirestorestocloseonSunday;inmostitnolongerdoes.Itusedtokeeptheschoolsopeninallseasonsexceptsummer;inmostitstilldoes.AndwhethertheworkweekshouldstrengthenitslegallimitsorwhetheritshouldbecomemoreflexibleisoftendebateD.Howshouldweasasocietyorganizeourtime?Shouldwegoevenfurtherinrelaxingtheboundariesoftimeuntilweliveinaworldinwhicheveryminuteismuchlikeeveryother?Thesearenoteasyquestionseventoask.PartofthedifficultyisthatwerarelyrecognizethelawoftimeevenwhenwemeetitfacetofacE.Weknowaschildrenthatwehavetoattendschoolacertainnumberofhoursacertainnumberofdaysacertainnumberofyears—butunlesswemeetthetruantofficer学监wemaywellthinkthatweshouldgotoschoolduetosocialcustomandparents’demandratherthantothelaw.Asadultswearefamiliarwithextrapayforovertimeworkingbutlessfamiliarwiththefactthatwhatconstitutes构成overtimeisamatteroflegaldefinition.Whenweturntheclockforwardtostartdaylight-savingtimehaveweeverthoughttoourselves:Hereisthelawinaction?Asweshallseethereisalotoflawthathasgreatinfluenceonhowweorganizeandusetime:compulsoryeducationlawovertimelawanddaylight-savinglaw—aswellaslawaboutSundayclosingholidaysbeinglatetoworktimezonesandsoon.Oncewebegintolookforitwewillhavenotroublefindingalawoftimetoexamineandassess.BysayingSundayismorelikeMondaythanitusedtobethewritermeansthat_____.A.worktimeisequaltoresttimeB.manypeoplehaveadayoffonMondayC.itishardforpeopletodecidewhentorestD.thelinebetweenworktimeandresttimeisunclearTheauthorraisesthequestionsinParagraph2tointroducethefactthatpeopleA.failtomakefulluseoftheirtimeB.enjoyworkingovertimeforextrapayC.areunawareofthelawoftimeD.welcomeflexibleworkinghoursAccordingtothepassagemostchildrentendtobelievethattheygotoschoolbecausethey______.A.needtoacquireknowledgeB.havetoobeytheirparentsC.needtofindcompanionsD.havetoobservethelawWhatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.OurlifeisgovernedbythelawoftimE.B.Howtoorganizetimeisnotworthdebating.C.Newwaysofusingtimechangeoursociety.D.Ourtimescheduleisdecidedbysocialcustoms.
TheInternethasledtoahugeincreaseincredit-card信用卡frauD.YourcardinformationcouldevenbeforsaleinanillegalWebsite网站.WebsitesofferingcheapgoodsandservicesshouldberegardedwithcarE.On-lineshopperswhoentertheircredit-cardinformationmayneverreceivethegoodstheybought.Thethievesthengoshoppingwithyourcardnumber—orselltheinformationovertheInternet.Computershackers黑客havebrokendownsecurity安全systemsraisingquestionsaboutthesafetyofcardholderinformation.Severalmonthsago25000customersofCDUniverseanon-linemusicretailer批发商werenotlucky.Theirnamesaddressesandcredit-cardnumberswerepostedonaWebsiteaftertheretailerrefusedtopayUS$157828togetbacktheinformation.Credit-cardfirmsarenowfightingagainston-linefrauD.MasterCardisworkingonplansforWeb-onlycreditcardwithalowercreditlimit.Thecardcouldbeusedonlyforshoppingon-linE.HoweverthereareafewsimplestepsyoucantaketokeepfrombeingcheateD.Askaboutyourcredit-cardfirm'son-linerules:UnderBritishlawcardholdersareresponsible对负有责任的forthefirstUS$78ofanyfraudulentspending.Andshoponlyatsecuresites:Sendyourcredit-cardinformationonlyiftheWebsiteoffers-advancedsecuresystem.Ifthesecurityisinplacealetterwillappearinthebottomright-handcornerofyourscreen.TheWebsiteaddressmayalsostartwithhttps://—theextrasstandsforsecurE.Ifindoubtgiveyourcredit-cardinformationoverthetelephonE.Keepyourpasswordsafe:Mostonlinesitesrequireausernameandpasswordbeforeplacinganorder.TreatyourpasswordswithcarE.WhatdomostpeopleworryabouttheInternetaccordingtothispassage?A.A.lotofstolencredit-cardsweresoldontheInternet.B.FraudontheInternet.C.ManyWebsitesaredestroyeD.D.ManyillegalWebsitesareontheInternet.Whatisthemeaningoffraud?A.cheatingB.saleC.paymentD.safetyHowcanthethievesgettheinformationofthecredit-card?A.Thecustomersgivethemtheinformation.B.ThethievesstealtheinformationfromWebsites.C.Thecustomersselltheinformationtothem.D.BothA.andB.Howmanypiecesofadvicedoesthepassagegivetoyou?A.Four.B.ThreE.C.FivE.D.Six.
TheAtlanticOceanisoneoftheoceansthatseparatetheOldWorldfromtheNew.ForcenturiesitkepttheAmericafrombeingdiscoveredbythepeopleofEuropE.ManywrongideasabouttheAtlanticmadeearlysailorsunwillingtosailfaroutintoit.Oneideawasthatitreachedouttotheedgeoftheworld.Sailorswereafraidthattheymightsailofftheearth.Anotherideawasthatattheequator赤道theoceanwouldbeboilinghot.TheAtlanticOceanisonlyhalfasbigasthePacificbutitisstillverylargE.Itismorethan4000miles6000kmwidewhereColumbuscrossedit.Evenatitsnarrowestitisabout200miles3200kmwidE.TwothingsmaketheAtlanticOceanratherunusual.Forsolargeanoceanithasfewislands.Alsoitistheworld’ssaltiestocean.ThereissomuchwaterintheAtlanticthatitishardtoimaginehowmuchthereis.Butsupposenomorerainfellintoitandnomorewaterwasbroughttoitbyriversitwouldtaketheoceanaboutmorethan4000yearstodryup.Ontheaveragethewaterisalittlemorethantwomiles3.2kmdeepbutinsomeplacesitismuchdeeper.ThedeepestspotisnearPuertoRico.Thisdeepmeasures30246feet---almostsixmiles9.6km.OneofthelongestmountainrangesoftheworldrisesfromtheflooroftheAtlantiC.Thismountainrangerunsnorthandsouthdownthemiddleoftheocean.Thetopsofafewofthemountainsreachupabovetheseaandmakeislands.SeveralhundredmileseastwardfromFloridathereisapartoftheoceancalledtheSargassoSeA.HerethewaterisquietforthereislittlewinD.Inthedaysofsailingvessels船thecrewwereafraidtheywouldbebecalmedcan’tmoveherE.SometimestheywerE.TodaytheAtlanticisagreathighway.ItishowevernotalwaysasmoothandsafeonE.Stormssweepacrossitandpileupgreatwaves.IcebergsfloatdownfromthefarNorthacrossthepathsofships.Wenowhavesuchfastwaysoftravelingthatthisbigoceanseemstohavegrownsmaller.Columbussailedformorethantwomonthstocrossit.A.fastmodernsteamshipcanmakethetripinlessthanfourdays.AirplanesflyfromNewYorktoLondoninonlyeighthoursandfromSouthAmericatoAfricainfour!61.WhatcausedpeopletobeunwillingtoexploretheAtlantic?A.TherewerenoshipsbigenoughtogetacrosstheOcean.B.SailorswereafraidofbeinglostintheOcean.C.TheAtlanticOceanwasveryunusualbecauseithasfewislandsandthesaltiestwater.D.ManyincorrectideassuchastheedgeoftheworldtheequatorwithboilinghotwatermadepeoplethinktheOceanwasfullofdanger.62.Whatisthemainideaofthefifthparagraph?A.Howdeepthewateris.B.HowtomeasurethewaterintheAtlantiC.C.Howmuchwatertheoceanholds.D.HowrainaffectstheOceanwater.63.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordhighwaymean?A.HighroadB.BroadwayC.FastroadD.Mainwaterway64.Whydoesthewriterthinkthisbigoceanseemstohavegrownsmaller?A.Thewaterintheoceanisbecomingless.B.WehavemoreandmoreadvancedtravelingtoolsnowC.Thedistancebetweentheoceanandusisshorter.D.ThesteamshiphasahigherspeeD.
NowadayspeoplearetroubledbytheviolencethatspreadsthroughoutthemediA.Moviestelevisionandvideogamesarefullofgunplayandbloodshedandonemightreasonablyaskwhat’swrongwithasocietythatpresentsvideosofviolenceasentertainment.Viewinglargeamountsofviolenttelevisionandvideogamesmaywellcontributetoviolentbehaviorincertainindividuals.Thetroublecomeswhenresearchersdownplayuncertaintiesintheirstudiesoroverstatethecaseforcausality因果关系.SkepticsweredismayedseveralyearsagowhenagroupofsocietiesincludingtheAmericanMedicalAssociationtriedtoendthedebatebyissuingajointstatement:Atthistimewellover1000studiespointtoacausalconnectionbetweenmediaviolenceandaggressivebehaviorinsomechildren.Freedom-of-speechadvocatesaccusedthesocietiesofcateringtopoliticiansandevendisputedthenumberofstudiesmostwerereviewarticlesandessaystheysaid.WhenJonathanFreedmanasocialpsychologistattheUniversityofTorontoreviewedtheliteraturehefoundonly200orsostudiesoftelevision-watchingandaggression.Andwhenheweededoutthemostdoubtfulmeasuresofaggressiononly28%supportedaconnection.Thecriticalpointhereiscausality.Thealarmistssaytheyhaveprovedthatviolentmediacauseaggression.ButtheassumptionsbehindtheirobservationsneedtobeexamineD.Whenlabelinggamesasviolentornon-violentshouldaheroeatingaghostreallybecountedasaviolentevent?Andwhenexperimentersrecordthetimeittakesgameplayerstoreadaggressiveornon-aggressivewordsfromalistcanwebesurewhattheyareactuallymeasuring?TheintentionofthenewHarvardCenteronMediaandChildHealthtocollectandstandardizestudiesofmediaviolenceinordertocomparetheirmethodologiesassumptionsandconclusionsisanimportantstepintherightdirection.AnotherappropriatestepwouldbetotonedownthecriticismuntilweknowmorE.SeveralresearcherswritespeakandtestifyquitealotonthethreatposedbyviolenceinthemediA.ThatisofcoursetheirprivilegE.Butwhendoingsotheyoftencomeoutwithstatementsthatthematterhasnowbeensettleddrawingcriticismfromcolleagues.Inresponsethealarmistsaccusecriticsandnewsreportersofbeingdeceivedbytheentertainmentindustry.Suchclasheshelpneithersciencenorsociety.46.WhyistheresomuchviolenceshowninmoviesTVandvideogames?A.Showingviolenceisthoughttobeentertaining.B.Somethinghasgonewrongwithtoday’ssocietyC.ManypeoplearefondofgunplayandbloodsheD.D.Thereisalotofviolenceintherealworldtoday.47.Whatistheskeptics’viewofmediaviolence?A.Violenceontelevisionisfairlyaccuratereflectionofreal-worldlifE.B.Moststudiesexaggerate夸大theeffectofmediaviolenceontheviewers.C.A.causalrelationshipexistsbetweenmediaandreal-worldviolencE.D.TheinfluenceofmediaviolenceonchildrenhasbeenunderestimateD.48.Theauthorusesthetermalarmiststorefertothosewho_________.A.usestandardizedmeasurementsinthestudiesofmediaviolenceB.initiatedthedebateovertheinfluenceofviolentmediaonrealityC.insistonadirectlinkbetweenviolentmediaandaggressivebehaviorD.useappropriatemethodologyinexaminingaggressivebehavior49.TheunderlinedphraseweededoutinParagraph3mostprobablymeans_________.A.gotridofthingsthatarenotgoodB.removedunwantedpartsfromsomethingC.pickedoutthingsthatareusefulD.tookawayunnecessarydetailsofareport50.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofthedebateconcerningtherelationshipbetweenthemediaandviolence?A.Hemorethanagreeswiththeviewsheldbythealarmists.B.ItshouldcometoanendsincethematterhasnowbeensettleD.C.Thepaststudiesinthisfieldhaveprovedtobemisleading.D.Morestudiesshouldbeconductedbeforeconclusionsaredrawn.
Millionsofaircrafttakeoffaroundtheworldeveryyear.Theskiestheyflyinseemlimitless—milesofemptyspacE.Butwiththenumberofflightsincreasingeachyearthisemptinessnolongerexists.Researchersintheworldofaviation航空areworriedabouttheincreasingpressureonpilotsandgroundcontrollers.Andincreasingcollisionsoccurringatornearanairporthavecalledattentiontotheneedformoreaids辅助设备toaviationcontrol.Peoplewhotraveltheskiesarenotcertainaboutairsafety.A.greatdealofmoneyisspentonnewandbiggeraircraftandairportstodealwiththevastincreaseinpassengerstravellingbyair.Onlyasmallpercentageofthismoneyisspentonnavigation导航andotheraids.Actuallysuitableelectronicequipmenthaslongexistedandmanycompaniesmarketsafetyaidsdesignedtomakeitsaferforaircrafttotakeoffflyanydistanceandlandwhatevertheweather.YettherearetwoproblemstobesolveD.Thefirstistogetgovernmentsairlinesandairportofficialstoagreetobasiclevelsofsafetyaids.Thesecondproblemistofindawayofmeetingthesebasicrequirements.ButnomatterhowwelltheequipmentworksoperatorsoftheequipmentstillplayanimportantrolE.Communicationsbetweenpilotsandgroundcontrollersareextremelyimportanttoairsafety.ItisworthpointingoutthatthemishearingormisunderstandingofinstructionsinEnglishandtheuseofanotherlanguageinaninternationalconversationhaveledtotworecentaircraftaccidents.A.newtypeofinstrument仪器calledFLIGHTWATCHwouldhelppilotspreventairportcollisions.Itwouldbeparticularlyhelpfulnearairports.60.Theincreasingnumberofflightsleadstothefactthat________.A.flyingisnolongerlimitedintheskyB.thereisnoemptyspaceforaidstoaviationcontrolC.pilotingandcontrollingplanesisgettingmoredifficultD.thepressureonthegroundbecomesgreater61.Thereisuncertaintyaboutairsafetybecause________.A.planesbecomebiggerfortheincreasingnumberofpassengersB.moneyspentonelectronicequipmentisfarfromenoughC.suitableelectronicequipmenthasn’tbeeninventedyetD.itisdangerousforplanestotakeofforland62.Theunderlinedwordcollisionsprobablymeans________.A.accidentsinwhichtwoplaneshiteachotherB.misunderstandingsbetweenpilotsandgroundcontrollersC.quarrelsamongpassengersD.breakdownsofnewtypesofinstrument63.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A.governmentsandofficialshavepaidgreatattentiontoairsafetyB.thereshouldbemorecompaniestosellnewsafetyaidsC.EnglishshouldbeusedinaninternationalconversationD.understandingbetweenpilotsandgroundcontrollersshouldbeimproved
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