首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置:
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
()提出来“以美育代zōng jiāo ”的著名观点。
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
中小学校长招聘考试《单项选择》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
被认为是中国现代美育之父他大力倡导和实践美育将美育纳入现代国民教育方针带动美育研究和实践提出的以美育
______于1912年最早提出美育并主张以美育代zōng jiāo
蔡元培于1912年最早提出美育并主张以美育代zōng jiāo 美育的任务是什么
提出以美育代zōng jiāo 的主张的是
鲁迅
王国维
__
蔡元培
我国近代提出以美育代zōng jiāo 说的学者是
康有为
蔡元培
丰子恺
以美育代zōng jiāo 的说法是由谁提出的
王国维
梁启超
鲁迅
蔡元培
提出以美育代zōng jiāo 说口号的是
鲁迅
陈独秀
胡适
蔡元培
梁启超在我国首次提出
快乐教育
趣味教育
以美育代zōng jiāo
游戏的冲动
我国著名的教育家于1912年最早提出美育并主张以美育代zōng jiāo
李大钊
梁启超
蔡元培
陶行知
劳动创造美著名观点是谁提出来的
黑格尔
马克思
恩格斯
康德
美育理论体系的建立是在近代才开始的美育的概念是由18世纪德国美学家提出来的
黑格尔
康德
莱辛
席勒
中国近代教育家蔡元培提出的主张认为这是人类文化发展的必然趋势
以美育代哲学
以美育代家庭
以美育代社会
以美育代zōng jiāo
提出以美育代zōng jiāo 说的是先生
20世纪初提出了以美育代zōng jiāo 的口号
心正则笔正是唐代著名的书法家提出来的
美育的概念是首次提出来的
蔡倡导以美育代zōng jiāo 把美育与zōng jiāo 作比较
在我国提出以美育代zōng jiāo 这一思想的是
胡适
陈独秀
李大钊
蔡元培
提出以美育代zōng jiāo 的是
王国维
胡适
蔡元培
鲁迅
在我国提出以美育代zōng jiāo 这一思想的是
热门试题
更多
ThetwogenerationsItisoftennottheiragetheireducationthatcausesmisunderstanding.
Howoftenonehearschildrenwishingtheyweregrown-upsandoldpeoplewishingtheywere21again.Eachagehasitspleasureanditspainsandthehappiestpersonistheonewhoenjoyswhateachage22himwithoutwastinghistineinuselessregrets. Childhoodisatimewhentherearefewresponsibilities责任tomakelifedifficultIfachildhasgoodparentsheisraisedlookedafterandlovedwhateverhemaydo.Itisimpossible.thathewilleveragaininhislifebegivensomuchwithouthavingtodoanythinginreturn.what’smorelifeisawaysgivingnewthingtothechild-thingsthattheyhavelosttheir23forolderpeoplebecausetheyaretoo24.Butachildhashispainsheisnotsofreetodowhathewishestodo;teisagainandagainbeingtoldnottodosomethingorbeing25forwhatwhathehaswronglydone Whenayoungman26toearnhisownlivinghecannolongerexpectothersto27hisfoodhisclothesandhisroombuthastoworkifhewantstolive28ifhespendsmostofhistimeplayingaboutinthewaysthatheusedtoasachildhewill29hungry.Andifhebreaksthelawsofsociety30heusedtobreakthelawsofthisparentshemaygotoprison.Ifhoweverheworkshardkeepsoutoftroubleandhasgoodhealthhecanhavethegreathappinessofbuildingupforhinseifhispositioninsociety.
请认真默读人教版四年级上册课文颐和园根据要求答题基中微型设计要求写出教学环节及教师的引导语 昆明胡静得像一面镜子绿得像一块碧玉游船画航在湖面慢慢地滑过几乎不留一点儿痕迹这个句子中的滑字用的巧妙请细细品味设计这个词的微量数学
---Whydoyouconectsomanyoldbikes ---I’11havethemandgiveawaytothechildrenwhodon’thavebikes
根据人民教育出版社义务教育科书英语PEP三年级起点三年级上次Unit5Let’seatpartAlet’stalk部分Mike与妈妈的关于早餐对话常见按要求进行相应教学设计Let’stalk 设计教学策略要求能根据教学目标内容和学生实际选择教学组织形式课型结构教学媒体教学方法确定教学重难点5分 设计一个导入新课标方案要求要有趣味性实用性和目的性可结合教材图片情景内容3分 设计语言操练及语用活动要求操练活动指向语言能力培养语用活动化教学内容为生活完成过程活化学生思维和感情7分
B Scientistshavefoundanewuseforchildren’simaginations-tomakestomachachesgoaway. TheBBCreportsanewstudythatshowsChildrencanbetaughttousetheirimaginationstodealwithstomachaches.Thismaybeverygoodnewsforparentswhoneedaquickcurefortheirsickchildren. Anymotherorfatherunderstandsthestomachproblemisoneofthemostfrequentthingstheirchildrencomplainabout.Aroundtwentypercentofchildrensufferfromstomachachesthatdoctorscannotfindareasonfor. Thisnewresearchisespeciallygoodforkidswithactiveimaginations.Researchersfoundthatthemorecreativethechildisthebetterheorsheisatimaginingthepainaway. TheresearchersusedarelaxingCDwithchildren.Avoiceguidedthemthemthroughdifferentfantasysituations.Oneofthesewaspretendingtobefloatingonacloud.Thirtychildrentookpartinthetests.Halfofthemusedtheguidedimagerymethodandtheotherhalfreceivednormalmedicines.Researchersfound73.3percentofkidswhogotnormaltreatment. StudyleaderDr.MirandaTilburgwasveryexitedaboutherfindings.Shebelievedthatitwasaverycheapandeasytostopchildren’sstomachaches.Shesaiditwouldnotworkaswellwithadults.Fromtheendofthepassagewethat.
C Readingisthekeytosuccess.ApparentlyeverysuccessfulpersondevelopsapassionforreadingthisisbecauseredingisakeyelemengttoobtaintheinformationrequiredtounderstandsomethingForinstancelanyershavetostudyandlearneveryestablishedlawontheirspecificbranches.Sometimesthelawchangesaccordingtopeople’sneeds.Agoodlawyerhastobeinformedwiththelatestnewsinthecourt.Adoctorhastobeinformedofthelatestadvancesinmedicine. ReadingisveryimportantforallmankindEverythingisrelatveinthisworldespeciallyreading.Readingcanopenmanydoorsanditcanleadyouintoapathofsuccessstudeshaveconfirmedthatreadingtoyourunbornchildisverygoodthiswayyourchildwilldevelopapassinonforreadinglatero. Howdoyoudevelopapassionforreadingthereisonlyonewayyoucanboostyourpassionforreading.LetmeexplainthistoyouIfyouwanttolearnhowtorideabikeyouhavetogetonthebikeasmanytimesaspossible.Untilyyouhavelearned.IfworksthesamewaywithreadingIfyouwanttoboostyourreadingtakeabookandreaditallthewaythroughwhenyoufinishreadingyourfirstbooktakeanotherbookanddothesameTrytoreadasmuchasyoucan.Ifyouaregoingoutgrabamagazineabookanarticleorsomethingtoread. Thereisaveryimportantfactorbehingthereadingreadingcomprehension.It’swhatmakesyouunderstandthemeaningbehindthetext.Let’sassumethatyoureadadocumentandyouaresupposedaexplainthemeaningofthemeaningofthedocumentHowwouldyouexpainthedocumentifyoucould’tcapturethemessageoftheauthorThatdoyousupposetheparagraphfollowingwilltalkabout
被誉为中国舒伯特的音乐家是
下面是三围英语老师的英语教学片段 简明阐述三围老师对待学生语言错误的方式极其利弊
Allhasalreadlybeendone.
茉莉花是一种流传久远流行地区很广遍及我国南北的小调民歌不同地区的茉莉花有不同的风格茉莉花旋律音调夸张风趣体现了粗狂豪爽的风格
用教材教取代传统的教教材是新课标提倡的新的教材观没有一种教材能够完全满足某一特定学生群体的学习需要请结令你对英语教材的理解简述英语深程标准对教材使用提出了那些述议5分
A NowadaysKoreaisinfluencedbyAmericancultureIfyouvisitSeoul汉城youwillseealotoffastfoodstoresinsachavenuep;acessuchasKFCMeDonald’sandBurgerKing. YouwillalsobesurprisedtoseemanywesternstyleclotheswhicharedifferentformourtraditionalclothessuchastheHanBoukWhenyougoarounddepartmentstoresyoucanseemanyyoungstudentswaitinginlinetobuyfamousbrandssuchas96NewYorkjeansGuessPoloGuestChannelandCartiers.Ithardtofindclotheswhichrepresent代表traditionalKoreanculture.Thereareonlyafewstoreswhichselltraditionalclothingandthesestoresarestartingtodisappear. WhenyouvisitmiddleschoolsinKoreayouwillalsofindstudenfslisteningtomusicontheirCDplayersmostlyrockandrollincludingthepopmusicofsingerssuchasBritneySpiresChristinaAguileraandRickyMartin.MoreoverifyouaskstudentstotalkaboutKoreanmusictraditionstheyprobablywillnotgiveyouanansweratonce. NowhowevertherearesomevoiceswhichateurgingtopreservepurowncultureOneisanassociationwhichinsisispeopleeattraditionalfoodsucbaskimchi.TheymakewcbsitestoshowhowtradintionalKoreanfoodsarebencficialforhealthandtheyadvertiseonTVregularlyabouttraditionalcustoms. theysaythatKoreansarelosingtheiridentity特性andtheyarealsoconcernedbccauseyoungpeopledon’tevenknowaboutthetraditionalKOREANHOLIDAYSyheysuggestthatthegovernmentprepareextraprogramstoteachyoungstudentsaboutkoreantraditions.Somemiddleschoolshavetriedtodothismbutitisn’tworkingberyeffeetively.Whatisthemainparposeoftheassociation
---Wasitnotuntillastweekhedecidedtogiveupsmoking ---NoHebeganhesawthenewsfilmlastmonth.
A NowadaysKoreaisinfluencedbyAmericancultureIfyouvisitSeoul汉城youwillseealotoffastfoodstoresinsachavenuep;acessuchasKFCMeDonald’sandBurgerKing. YouwillalsobesurprisedtoseemanywesternstyleclotheswhicharedifferentformourtraditionalclothessuchastheHanBoukWhenyougoarounddepartmentstoresyoucanseemanyyoungstudentswaitinginlinetobuyfamousbrandssuchas96NewYorkjeansGuessPoloGuestChannelandCartiers.Ithardtofindclotheswhichrepresent代表traditionalKoreanculture.Thereareonlyafewstoreswhichselltraditionalclothingandthesestoresarestartingtodisappear. WhenyouvisitmiddleschoolsinKoreayouwillalsofindstudenfslisteningtomusicontheirCDplayersmostlyrockandrollincludingthepopmusicofsingerssuchasBritneySpiresChristinaAguileraandRickyMartin.MoreoverifyouaskstudentstotalkaboutKoreanmusictraditionstheyprobablywillnotgiveyouanansweratonce. NowhowevertherearesomevoiceswhichateurgingtopreservepurowncultureOneisanassociationwhichinsisispeopleeattraditionalfoodsucbaskimchi.TheymakewcbsitestoshowhowtradintionalKoreanfoodsarebencficialforhealthandtheyadvertiseonTVregularlyabouttraditionalcustoms. theysaythatKoreansarelosingtheiridentity特性andtheyarealsoconcernedbccauseyoungpeopledon’tevenknowaboutthetraditionalKOREANHOLIDAYSyheysuggestthatthegovernmentprepareextraprogramstoteachyoungstudentsaboutkoreantraditions.Somemiddleschoolshavetriedtodothismbutitisn’tworkingberyeffeetively.Thepassagemainlytellsus
A NowadaysKoreaisinfluencedbyAmericancultureIfyouvisitSeoul汉城youwillseealotoffastfoodstoresinsachavenuep;acessuchasKFCMeDonald’sandBurgerKing. YouwillalsobesurprisedtoseemanywesternstyleclotheswhicharedifferentformourtraditionalclothessuchastheHanBoukWhenyougoarounddepartmentstoresyoucanseemanyyoungstudentswaitinginlinetobuyfamousbrandssuchas96NewYorkjeansGuessPoloGuestChannelandCartiers.Ithardtofindclotheswhichrepresent代表traditionalKoreanculture.Thereareonlyafewstoreswhichselltraditionalclothingandthesestoresarestartingtodisappear. WhenyouvisitmiddleschoolsinKoreayouwillalsofindstudenfslisteningtomusicontheirCDplayersmostlyrockandrollincludingthepopmusicofsingerssuchasBritneySpiresChristinaAguileraandRickyMartin.MoreoverifyouaskstudentstotalkaboutKoreanmusictraditionstheyprobablywillnotgiveyouanansweratonce. NowhowevertherearesomevoiceswhichateurgingtopreservepurowncultureOneisanassociationwhichinsisispeopleeattraditionalfoodsucbaskimchi.TheymakewcbsitestoshowhowtradintionalKoreanfoodsarebencficialforhealthandtheyadvertiseonTVregularlyabouttraditionalcustoms. theysaythatKoreansarelosingtheiridentity特性andtheyarealsoconcernedbccauseyoungpeopledon’tevenknowaboutthetraditionalKOREANHOLIDAYSyheysuggestthatthegovernmentprepareextraprogramstoteachyoungstudentsaboutkoreantraditions.Somemiddleschoolshavetriedtodothismbutitisn’tworkingberyeffeetively.StoreswhichselltraditionKoreanclothes
ChineseprilmeministerLiKepiangandhiswifeChengHongsetoffontheirfirststatevisittoAfricaMay4.2014.
Howoftenonehearschildrenwishingtheyweregrown-upsandoldpeoplewishingtheywere21again.Eachagehasitspleasureanditspainsandthehappiestpersonistheonewhoenjoyswhateachage22himwithoutwastinghistineinuselessregrets. Childhoodisatimewhentherearefewresponsibilities责任tomakelifedifficultIfachildhasgoodparentsheisraisedlookedafterandlovedwhateverhemaydo.Itisimpossible.thathewilleveragaininhislifebegivensomuchwithouthavingtodoanythinginreturn.what’smorelifeisawaysgivingnewthingtothechild-thingsthattheyhavelosttheir23forolderpeoplebecausetheyaretoo24.Butachildhashispainsheisnotsofreetodowhathewishestodo;teisagainandagainbeingtoldnottodosomethingorbeing25forwhatwhathehaswronglydone Whenayoungman26toearnhisownlivinghecannolongerexpectothersto27hisfoodhisclothesandhisroombuthastoworkifhewantstolive28ifhespendsmostofhistimeplayingaboutinthewaysthatheusedtoasachildhewill29hungry.Andifhebreaksthelawsofsociety30heusedtobreakthelawsofthisparentshemaygotoprison.Ifhoweverheworkshardkeepsoutoftroubleandhasgoodhealthhecanhavethegreathappinessofbuildingupforhinseifhispositioninsociety.
Howoftenonehearschildrenwishingtheyweregrown-upsandoldpeoplewishingtheywere21again.Eachagehasitspleasureanditspainsandthehappiestpersonistheonewhoenjoyswhateachage22himwithoutwastinghistineinuselessregrets. Childhoodisatimewhentherearefewresponsibilities责任tomakelifedifficultIfachildhasgoodparentsheisraisedlookedafterandlovedwhateverhemaydo.Itisimpossible.thathewilleveragaininhislifebegivensomuchwithouthavingtodoanythinginreturn.what’smorelifeisawaysgivingnewthingtothechild-thingsthattheyhavelosttheir23forolderpeoplebecausetheyaretoo24.Butachildhashispainsheisnotsofreetodowhathewishestodo;teisagainandagainbeingtoldnottodosomethingorbeing25forwhatwhathehaswronglydone Whenayoungman26toearnhisownlivinghecannolongerexpectothersto27hisfoodhisclothesandhisroombuthastoworkifhewantstolive28ifhespendsmostofhistimeplayingaboutinthewaysthatheusedtoasachildhewill29hungry.Andifhebreaksthelawsofsociety30heusedtobreakthelawsofthisparentshemaygotoprison.Ifhoweverheworkshardkeepsoutoftroubleandhasgoodhealthhecanhavethegreathappinessofbuildingupforhinseifhispositioninsociety.
Howoftenonehearschildrenwishingtheyweregrown-upsandoldpeoplewishingtheywere21again.Eachagehasitspleasureanditspainsandthehappiestpersonistheonewhoenjoyswhateachage22himwithoutwastinghistineinuselessregrets. Childhoodisatimewhentherearefewresponsibilities责任tomakelifedifficultIfachildhasgoodparentsheisraisedlookedafterandlovedwhateverhemaydo.Itisimpossible.thathewilleveragaininhislifebegivensomuchwithouthavingtodoanythinginreturn.what’smorelifeisawaysgivingnewthingtothechild-thingsthattheyhavelosttheir23forolderpeoplebecausetheyaretoo24.Butachildhashispainsheisnotsofreetodowhathewishestodo;teisagainandagainbeingtoldnottodosomethingorbeing25forwhatwhathehaswronglydone Whenayoungman26toearnhisownlivinghecannolongerexpectothersto27hisfoodhisclothesandhisroombuthastoworkifhewantstolive28ifhespendsmostofhistimeplayingaboutinthewaysthatheusedtoasachildhewill29hungry.Andifhebreaksthelawsofsociety30heusedtobreakthelawsofthisparentshemaygotoprison.Ifhoweverheworkshardkeepsoutoftroubleandhasgoodhealthhecanhavethegreathappinessofbuildingupforhinseifhispositioninsociety.
B Scientistshavefoundanewuseforchildren’simaginations-tomakestomachachesgoaway. TheBBCreportsanewstudythatshowsChildrencanbetaughttousetheirimaginationstodealwithstomachaches.Thismaybeverygoodnewsforparentswhoneedaquickcurefortheirsickchildren. Anymotherorfatherunderstandsthestomachproblemisoneofthemostfrequentthingstheirchildrencomplainabout.Aroundtwentypercentofchildrensufferfromstomachachesthatdoctorscannotfindareasonfor. Thisnewresearchisespeciallygoodforkidswithactiveimaginations.Researchersfoundthatthemorecreativethechildisthebetterheorsheisatimaginingthepainaway. TheresearchersusedarelaxingCDwithchildren.Avoiceguidedthemthemthroughdifferentfantasysituations.Oneofthesewaspretendingtobefloatingonacloud.Thirtychildrentookpartinthetests.Halfofthemusedtheguidedimagerymethodandtheotherhalfreceivednormalmedicines.Researchersfound73.3percentofkidswhogotnormaltreatment. StudyleaderDr.MirandaTilburgwasveryexitedaboutherfindings.Shebelievedthatitwasaverycheapandeasytostopchildren’sstomachaches.Shesaiditwouldnotworkaswellwithadults.Whatkindofkidswillbenefitmostfromthenewresearch
----HelloAreyoustillWuyuan ----ohnowe’rebackhome.weareallygoodjourney.
C Readingisthekeytosuccess.ApparentlyeverysuccessfulpersondevelopsapassionforreadingthisisbecauseredingisakeyelemengttoobtaintheinformationrequiredtounderstandsomethingForinstancelanyershavetostudyandlearneveryestablishedlawontheirspecificbranches.Sometimesthelawchangesaccordingtopeople’sneeds.Agoodlawyerhastobeinformedwiththelatestnewsinthecourt.Adoctorhastobeinformedofthelatestadvancesinmedicine. ReadingisveryimportantforallmankindEverythingisrelatveinthisworldespeciallyreading.Readingcanopenmanydoorsanditcanleadyouintoapathofsuccessstudeshaveconfirmedthatreadingtoyourunbornchildisverygoodthiswayyourchildwilldevelopapassinonforreadinglatero. Howdoyoudevelopapassionforreadingthereisonlyonewayyoucanboostyourpassionforreading.LetmeexplainthistoyouIfyouwanttolearnhowtorideabikeyouhavetogetonthebikeasmanytimesaspossible.Untilyyouhavelearned.IfworksthesamewaywithreadingIfyouwanttoboostyourreadingtakeabookandreaditallthewaythroughwhenyoufinishreadingyourfirstbooktakeanotherbookanddothesameTrytoreadasmuchasyoucan.Ifyouaregoingoutgrabamagazineabookanarticleorsomethingtoread. Thereisaveryimportantfactorbehingthereadingreadingcomprehension.It’swhatmakesyouunderstandthemeaningbehindthetext.Let’sassumethatyoureadadocumentandyouaresupposedaexplainthemeaningofthemeaningofthedocumentHowwouldyouexpainthedocumentifyoucould’tcapturethemessageoftheauthorThefirsttwoparagraphsmainlytalkabout
ItisgenerallyacceptedthatchineseweretheearliestfootballwhiletheEuropeansestablishedthemodernrulesforfootball.
IfyouwanttogetmoreinfrmationaboutEnglishteachingandlearnp;easevisitour
C Readingisthekeytosuccess.ApparentlyeverysuccessfulpersondevelopsapassionforreadingthisisbecauseredingisakeyelemengttoobtaintheinformationrequiredtounderstandsomethingForinstancelanyershavetostudyandlearneveryestablishedlawontheirspecificbranches.Sometimesthelawchangesaccordingtopeople’sneeds.Agoodlawyerhastobeinformedwiththelatestnewsinthecourt.Adoctorhastobeinformedofthelatestadvancesinmedicine. ReadingisveryimportantforallmankindEverythingisrelatveinthisworldespeciallyreading.Readingcanopenmanydoorsanditcanleadyouintoapathofsuccessstudeshaveconfirmedthatreadingtoyourunbornchildisverygoodthiswayyourchildwilldevelopapassinonforreadinglatero. Howdoyoudevelopapassionforreadingthereisonlyonewayyoucanboostyourpassionforreading.LetmeexplainthistoyouIfyouwanttolearnhowtorideabikeyouhavetogetonthebikeasmanytimesaspossible.Untilyyouhavelearned.IfworksthesamewaywithreadingIfyouwanttoboostyourreadingtakeabookandreaditallthewaythroughwhenyoufinishreadingyourfirstbooktakeanotherbookanddothesameTrytoreadasmuchasyoucan.Ifyouaregoingoutgrabamagazineabookanarticleorsomethingtoread. Thereisaveryimportantfactorbehingthereadingreadingcomprehension.It’swhatmakesyouunderstandthemeaningbehindthetext.Let’sassumethatyoureadadocumentandyouaresupposedaexplainthemeaningofthemeaningofthedocumentHowwouldyouexpainthedocumentifyoucould’tcapturethemessageoftheauthorWhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage
默写孟郊的游子吟并改写前两诗不少于两百字可以结合诗歌的背景场景人物的心理动作及对话等
IfonlyIthatwasthelastchanceIcouldtalktoher.IwouldhavesaidtoherHimydearestmom!Iloveyou.
ItbeMike.Isawhimgotothelibraryjustnow.
Howoftenonehearschildrenwishingtheyweregrown-upsandoldpeoplewishingtheywere21again.Eachagehasitspleasureanditspainsandthehappiestpersonistheonewhoenjoyswhateachage22himwithoutwastinghistineinuselessregrets. Childhoodisatimewhentherearefewresponsibilities责任tomakelifedifficultIfachildhasgoodparentsheisraisedlookedafterandlovedwhateverhemaydo.Itisimpossible.thathewilleveragaininhislifebegivensomuchwithouthavingtodoanythinginreturn.what’smorelifeisawaysgivingnewthingtothechild-thingsthattheyhavelosttheir23forolderpeoplebecausetheyaretoo24.Butachildhashispainsheisnotsofreetodowhathewishestodo;teisagainandagainbeingtoldnottodosomethingorbeing25forwhatwhathehaswronglydone Whenayoungman26toearnhisownlivinghecannolongerexpectothersto27hisfoodhisclothesandhisroombuthastoworkifhewantstolive28ifhespendsmostofhistimeplayingaboutinthewaysthatheusedtoasachildhewill29hungry.Andifhebreaksthelawsofsociety30heusedtobreakthelawsofthisparentshemaygotoprison.Ifhoweverheworkshardkeepsoutoftroubleandhasgoodhealthhecanhavethegreathappinessofbuildingupforhinseifhispositioninsociety.
热门题库
更多
幼儿教师招聘考试
小学教师招聘考试
中学教师招聘考试
中小学校长招聘考试
体育教师招聘考试
信息技术教师招聘考试
音乐教师招聘考试
邮政银行招聘考试
邮政营业员考试
邮政小额贷款信贷员考试
邮政通信信息业务员考试
集邮业务员考试
快递业务员考试
邮政储汇业务员考试
邮政代理金融业务网点考试
邮件分拣员考试