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__关于三个代表的重要思想三者是辩证统一的关系
__国防和军队建设思想是三个代表重要思想在军事领域的集中体现
__说__同志集中全党智慧提出‘三个代表’重要思想„„以新的思想观点论断继承丰富和发展了马克思列
①②③
②③④
①③④
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三个代表重要思想的形成和发展大体经历了三个阶段其中系统阐述三个代表重要思想的理论依据和科学内涵是在
2000年2月__同志在广东考察党建工作时的重要讲话
2001年7月1日__同志在庆祝中国__成立80周年大会上的讲话
2002年5月31日__同志在中央党校的重要讲话
2002年11月18日__同志的十六大报告
2000年6月__在全国党校工作会议上__各级党的组织和全党同志都应按照三个代表的要求全面加
三个代表重要思想形成的标志是
2000年__在广东茂名.高州的讲话
2001年__“七一讲话”
2002年__在中共十六大上的报告
__思想__理论__三个代表重要思想是马克思主义中国化的三大思想理论成果它们都涉及回答了有关社
面向21世纪推进党的建设的新的伟大工程的纲领是
__思想
__理论
“三个代表”重要思想
马列主义.__思想.__理论.__同志“三个代表”重要思想
下列关于三个代表重要思想的表述不正确的是
20世纪80年代末以来，以__为代表的中国__人提出
“三个代表”重要思想首先是中国__要始终代表中国先进生产力的发展要求
“三个代表”是统一的整体，相互联系，相互促进
“三个代表”重要思想，并不包括我党的经济建设、文化建设等方面的理论
2000年2月__在广东考察时发表讲话第一次提出三个代表重要 思想党的确立三个代表重要思想党的指导
十四大
十五大
十六大
十七大
2000年2月21日至25日__在考察时提出了三个代表重要思想
上海
福建
广东
广西
提出并系统阐述三个代表重要思想的中国领导人是
__
__来
__
__
三个代表重要思想是__同志什么时候在什么会议上提出来的
__在党的十五大报告中阐述了三个代表重要思想的根本要求
2000年6月__在全国党校工作会议上__各级党的组织和全党同志都应按照三个代表的要求全面
__在中国__成立85周年大会上发表了三个代表重要思想
__同志何时提出三个代表重要思想三个代表主要内容是什么
2000年2月__在广东考察时发表讲话第一次提出三个代表重要思想党的确立三个代表重要思想为党的指导
十四大
十五大
十六大
十七大
提出三个代表重要思想的领导人是
__
__
__
__来
三个代表重要思想形成的标志是
2000年__在广东讲话
2001年__在纪念建党80周年大会上讲话
2002年__在“5•31”讲话
2002年__在党的十六大报告
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Text4CanelectricitycausecancerInasocietythatliterallyrunsonelectricpowertheveryideaseemspreposterous.Butformorethanadecadeagrowingbandofscientistsandjournalistshaspointedtostudiesthatseemtolinkexposuretoelectromagneticfieldswithincreasedriskofleukemiaandothermalignancies.Theimplicationsareunsettlingtosaytheleastsinceeveryonecomesintocontactwithsuchfieldswhicharegeneratedbyeverythingelectricalfrompowerlinesandantennastopersonalcomputersandmicro-waveovens.Becauseevidenceonthesubjectisinconclusiveandoftencontradictoryithasbeenhardtodecidewhetherconcernaboutthehealtheffectsofelectricityislegitimateortheworstkindofparanoia.NowthealarmistshavegainedsomequalifiedsupportfromtheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.IntheexecutivesummaryofanewscientificreviewreleasedindraftformlatelastweektheEPAhasputforwardwhatamountstothemostseriousgovernmentwarningtodate.Theagencytentativelyconcludesthatscientificevidence"suggestsacasuallink"betweenextremelylow-frequencyelectromagneticfields--thosehavingverylongwave-lengthsandleukemialymphomaandbraincancer.WhilethereportfallsshortofclassifyingELFfieldsasprobablecarcinogensitdoesidentifythecommon60-hertzmagneticfieldas"apossiblebutnotprovencauseofcancerinhumans."Thereportisnoreasontopanicoreventolostsleep.Ifthereisacancerriskitisasmallone.TheevidenceisstillsocontroversialthatthedraftstirredagreatdealofdebatewithintheBushAdministrationandtheEPAreleaseditoverstrongobjectionsfromthePentagonandtheWhiteHouse.Butnownoonecandenythattheissuemustbetakenseriouslyandthatmuchmoreresearchisneeded.Attheheartofthedebateisasimpleandwell-understoodphysicalphenomenon:Whenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughawireitgeneratesanelectromagneticfieldthatexertsforcesonsurroundingobjects.Formanyyearsscientistsdismissedanysuggestionthatsuchforcesmightbeharmfulprimarilybecausetheyaresoextraordinarilyweak.TheELFmagneticfieldgeneratedbyavideoterminalmeasuresonlyafewmilligaussoraboutone-hundredththestrengthoftheearth’sownmagneticfield.Theelectricfieldssurroundingapowerslinecanbeashighas10kilovoltspermeterbutthecorrespondingfieldinducedinhumancellswillbeonlyabout1millivoltpermeter.Thisisfarlessthantheelectricfieldsthatthecellsthemselvesgenerate.HowcouldsuchminusculeforcesposeahealthdangerTheconsensususedtobethattheycouldnotandfordecadesscientistsconcentratedonmorepowerfulkindsofradiationlikeX-raysthatpacksufficientwalloptoknockelectronsoutofthemoleculesthatmakeupthehumanbody.Such"Ionizing"radiationshavebeenclearlylinkedtoincreasedcancerrisksandthereareregulationstocontrolemissions.Butepidemiologicalstudieswhichfindstatisticalassociationsbetweensetsofdatadonotprovecauseandeffect.ThoughthereisabodyoflaboratoryworkshowingthatexposuretoELFfieldscanhavebiologicaleffectsonanimaltissuesamechanismbywhichthoseeffectscouldleadtocancerousgrowthshasneverbeenfound.ThePentagonisfarfrompersuaded.Inablistering33-pagecritiqueoftheEPAreportAirForcescientistschargeitsauthorswithhaving"biasedtheentiredocument"towardprovingalink."Ourreviewersareconvincedthatthereisnosuggestionthatelectromagneticfieldspresentintheenvironmentinduceorpromotecancer"theAirForceconcludes"ItisastonishingthattheEPAwouldlenditsimprimaturonthisreport."ThePentagon’sconcernisunderstandable.Thereishardlyaunitofthemodernmilitarythatdoesnotdependontheheavyuseofsomekindofelectronicequipmentfromhugeground-basedradartowerstothedefensebuiltintoeverywarshipandplane. WhydidthePentagonandWhiteHouseobjecttothereleaseofthereportBecause
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
Text2CouldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturnSinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarchthepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrelupfromlessthan$10lastDecember.Thisneartriplingofoilpricescallsupscarymemoriesofthe1973oilshockwhenpricesquadrupledand1979-1980whentheyalsoalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline.SowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthistimeTheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexports.Strengtheningeconomicgrowthatthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemispherecouldpushthepricehigherstillintheshorttern.Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelessseverethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.InEuropetaxesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailpricesoevenquitebigchangesinthepriceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywereandsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservationashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportanceofheavyenergy-in-tensiveindustrieshavereducedoilconsumption.Softwareconsultancyandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthansteelorcarproduction.ForeachdollarofGDPinconstantpricesricheconomiesnowusenearly50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthatifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyearcomparedwith$13in1998thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyOnly0.25～0.5%ofGDP.Thatislessthanone-quarteroftheincomelossin1974or1980.Ontheotherhandoil-importingemergingeconomies--towhichheavyindustryhasshifted--havebecomemoreenergy-intensiveandsocouldbemoreseriouslysqueezed.Onemorereasonnottolosesleepover.Theriseinoilpricesisthatunliketherisesinthe1970sithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommoditypriceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.Asizableportionoftheworldisonlyjustemergingfromeconomicdecline.TheEconomist’scommoditypriceindexisbroadlyunchangingfromayearago.In1973commoditypricesjumpedby70%andin1979byalmost30%. Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsPsychologicallytherearetwodangerstobeguardedagainstinoldageoneoftheseistoogreatanabsorptioninthepast.46Oneshouldnotliveinmemoriesinregretsforthegoodolddaysorinsadnessaboutfriendswhoaredead.One’sthoughtsmustbedirectedtothefutureandtothingsaboutwhichthereissomethingtobedone.Thisisnotalwayseasy;one’sownpastisgraduallyincreasingweight.Itiseasytothinktooneselfthatone’semotionsusedtobemorevividthantheyareandone’smindmorekeen.Ifthisistrueitshouldbeforgottenanditisforgottenitwillprobablynotbetrue.Theotherthingtobeavoidedisclingingtoyouthinthehopeoffindingstrengthinitsvitality.Whenyourchildrenaregrownuptheywanttolivetheirownlivesandifyoucontinuetobeasinterestedinthemasyouwerewhentheywereyoungyouarelikelytobecomeaburdentothemunlesstheyareunusuallyinsensible.47Idon’tmeanthatoneshouldbewithoutinterestinthembutone’sinterestshouldbecontemplativeandifpossiblephilanthropicbutnottooemotional.Animalsbecomeindifferenttotheiryoungassoonastheiryoungcanlookafterthemselvesbuthumanbeingsowingtothelengthofinfancyfindthislesseasy.48Ithinkthatasuccessfuloldageiseasiestforthosewhohavestrongimpersonalinterestsleading.tosuitableactivities.Itisinthisspherethatlongexperienceisreallyfruitfulandthatthewisdomboreofexperiencecanbeusedwithoutbecomingaburden.Itisnousetellinggrown-upchildrennottomakemistakesbothbecausetheywillnotbelieveyouandbecausemistakesareanessentialpartofeducation.49Butifyouareoneofthosewhoareincapableofimpersonalinterestsyoumayfindthatyourlifewillbeemptyunlessyouconcernyourselfwithyourchildrenandgrandchildren.Inthatcaseyoumustrealizethatwhileyoucanstillhelptheminmaterialwaysasbymakingthemanallowanceorknittingthemjumpersyoumustnotexpectthattheywillenjoyyourcompany.Someoldpeoplearetroubledbythefearofdeath.Intheyoungthereisjustificationforthisfeeling.50Youngmenwhohavereasontofeartheywillbekilledinbattlemayjustifiablyfeelbitterinthethoughtthattheyhavebeencheatedofthebestthingsthatlifehastooffer.Butinanoldmanwhohasknownhumanjoysandsorrowsandhasdonewhateverworkitwasinhimtodothefearofdeathissome-whatignoble. Ithinkthatasuccessfuloldageiseasiestforthosewhohavestrongimpersonalinterestsleading.tosuitableactivities.
Text4CanelectricitycausecancerInasocietythatliterallyrunsonelectricpowertheveryideaseemspreposterous.Butformorethanadecadeagrowingbandofscientistsandjournalistshaspointedtostudiesthatseemtolinkexposuretoelectromagneticfieldswithincreasedriskofleukemiaandothermalignancies.Theimplicationsareunsettlingtosaytheleastsinceeveryonecomesintocontactwithsuchfieldswhicharegeneratedbyeverythingelectricalfrompowerlinesandantennastopersonalcomputersandmicro-waveovens.Becauseevidenceonthesubjectisinconclusiveandoftencontradictoryithasbeenhardtodecidewhetherconcernaboutthehealtheffectsofelectricityislegitimateortheworstkindofparanoia.NowthealarmistshavegainedsomequalifiedsupportfromtheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.IntheexecutivesummaryofanewscientificreviewreleasedindraftformlatelastweektheEPAhasputforwardwhatamountstothemostseriousgovernmentwarningtodate.Theagencytentativelyconcludesthatscientificevidence"suggestsacasuallink"betweenextremelylow-frequencyelectromagneticfields--thosehavingverylongwave-lengthsandleukemialymphomaandbraincancer.WhilethereportfallsshortofclassifyingELFfieldsasprobablecarcinogensitdoesidentifythecommon60-hertzmagneticfieldas"apossiblebutnotprovencauseofcancerinhumans."Thereportisnoreasontopanicoreventolostsleep.Ifthereisacancerriskitisasmallone.TheevidenceisstillsocontroversialthatthedraftstirredagreatdealofdebatewithintheBushAdministrationandtheEPAreleaseditoverstrongobjectionsfromthePentagonandtheWhiteHouse.Butnownoonecandenythattheissuemustbetakenseriouslyandthatmuchmoreresearchisneeded.Attheheartofthedebateisasimpleandwell-understoodphysicalphenomenon:Whenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughawireitgeneratesanelectromagneticfieldthatexertsforcesonsurroundingobjects.Formanyyearsscientistsdismissedanysuggestionthatsuchforcesmightbeharmfulprimarilybecausetheyaresoextraordinarilyweak.TheELFmagneticfieldgeneratedbyavideoterminalmeasuresonlyafewmilligaussoraboutone-hundredththestrengthoftheearth’sownmagneticfield.Theelectricfieldssurroundingapowerslinecanbeashighas10kilovoltspermeterbutthecorrespondingfieldinducedinhumancellswillbeonlyabout1millivoltpermeter.Thisisfarlessthantheelectricfieldsthatthecellsthemselvesgenerate.HowcouldsuchminusculeforcesposeahealthdangerTheconsensususedtobethattheycouldnotandfordecadesscientistsconcentratedonmorepowerfulkindsofradiationlikeX-raysthatpacksufficientwalloptoknockelectronsoutofthemoleculesthatmakeupthehumanbody.Such"Ionizing"radiationshavebeenclearlylinkedtoincreasedcancerrisksandthereareregulationstocontrolemissions.Butepidemiologicalstudieswhichfindstatisticalassociationsbetweensetsofdatadonotprovecauseandeffect.ThoughthereisabodyoflaboratoryworkshowingthatexposuretoELFfieldscanhavebiologicaleffectsonanimaltissuesamechanismbywhichthoseeffectscouldleadtocancerousgrowthshasneverbeenfound.ThePentagonisfarfrompersuaded.Inablistering33-pagecritiqueoftheEPAreportAirForcescientistschargeitsauthorswithhaving"biasedtheentiredocument"towardprovingalink."Ourreviewersareconvincedthatthereisnosuggestionthatelectromagneticfieldspresentintheenvironmentinduceorpromotecancer"theAirForceconcludes"ItisastonishingthattheEPAwouldlenditsimprimaturonthisreport."ThePentagon’sconcernisunderstandable.Thereishardlyaunitofthemodernmilitarythatdoesnotdependontheheavyuseofsomekindofelectronicequipmentfromhugeground-basedradartowerstothedefensebuiltintoeverywarshipandplane. Whatdoyouthinkordinarycitizensmaydofasterreadingthedifferentarguments
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsPsychologicallytherearetwodangerstobeguardedagainstinoldageoneoftheseistoogreatanabsorptioninthepast.46Oneshouldnotliveinmemoriesinregretsforthegoodolddaysorinsadnessaboutfriendswhoaredead.One’sthoughtsmustbedirectedtothefutureandtothingsaboutwhichthereissomethingtobedone.Thisisnotalwayseasy;one’sownpastisgraduallyincreasingweight.Itiseasytothinktooneselfthatone’semotionsusedtobemorevividthantheyareandone’smindmorekeen.Ifthisistrueitshouldbeforgottenanditisforgottenitwillprobablynotbetrue.Theotherthingtobeavoidedisclingingtoyouthinthehopeoffindingstrengthinitsvitality.Whenyourchildrenaregrownuptheywanttolivetheirownlivesandifyoucontinuetobeasinterestedinthemasyouwerewhentheywereyoungyouarelikelytobecomeaburdentothemunlesstheyareunusuallyinsensible.47Idon’tmeanthatoneshouldbewithoutinterestinthembutone’sinterestshouldbecontemplativeandifpossiblephilanthropicbutnottooemotional.Animalsbecomeindifferenttotheiryoungassoonastheiryoungcanlookafterthemselvesbuthumanbeingsowingtothelengthofinfancyfindthislesseasy.48Ithinkthatasuccessfuloldageiseasiestforthosewhohavestrongimpersonalinterestsleading.tosuitableactivities.Itisinthisspherethatlongexperienceisreallyfruitfulandthatthewisdomboreofexperiencecanbeusedwithoutbecomingaburden.Itisnousetellinggrown-upchildrennottomakemistakesbothbecausetheywillnotbelieveyouandbecausemistakesareanessentialpartofeducation.49Butifyouareoneofthosewhoareincapableofimpersonalinterestsyoumayfindthatyourlifewillbeemptyunlessyouconcernyourselfwithyourchildrenandgrandchildren.Inthatcaseyoumustrealizethatwhileyoucanstillhelptheminmaterialwaysasbymakingthemanallowanceorknittingthemjumpersyoumustnotexpectthattheywillenjoyyourcompany.Someoldpeoplearetroubledbythefearofdeath.Intheyoungthereisjustificationforthisfeeling.50Youngmenwhohavereasontofeartheywillbekilledinbattlemayjustifiablyfeelbitterinthethoughtthattheyhavebeencheatedofthebestthingsthatlifehastooffer.Butinanoldmanwhohasknownhumanjoysandsorrowsandhasdonewhateverworkitwasinhimtodothefearofdeathissome-whatignoble. Youngmenwhohavereasontofeartheywillbekilledinbattlemayjustifiablyfeelbitterinthethoughtthattheyhavebeencheatedofthebestthingsthatlifehastooffer.
Text2CouldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturnSinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarchthepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrelupfromlessthan$10lastDecember.Thisneartriplingofoilpricescallsupscarymemoriesofthe1973oilshockwhenpricesquadrupledand1979-1980whentheyalsoalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline.SowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthistimeTheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexports.Strengtheningeconomicgrowthatthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemispherecouldpushthepricehigherstillintheshorttern.Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelessseverethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.InEuropetaxesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailpricesoevenquitebigchangesinthepriceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywereandsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservationashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportanceofheavyenergy-in-tensiveindustrieshavereducedoilconsumption.Softwareconsultancyandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthansteelorcarproduction.ForeachdollarofGDPinconstantpricesricheconomiesnowusenearly50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthatifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyearcomparedwith$13in1998thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyOnly0.25～0.5%ofGDP.Thatislessthanone-quarteroftheincomelossin1974or1980.Ontheotherhandoil-importingemergingeconomies--towhichheavyindustryhasshifted--havebecomemoreenergy-intensiveandsocouldbemoreseriouslysqueezed.Onemorereasonnottolosesleepover.Theriseinoilpricesisthatunliketherisesinthe1970sithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommoditypriceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.Asizableportionoftheworldisonlyjustemergingfromeconomicdecline.TheEconomist’scommoditypriceindexisbroadlyunchangingfromayearago.In1973commoditypricesjumpedby70%andin1979byalmost30%. TheestimatesinEconomicOutlookshowthatinrichcountries
Text3Inrecentyearsrailroadshavebeencombiningwitheachothermergingintosupersystemscausingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70%ofthetotalton-milesmovedbyrails.Nextyearafteraseriesofmergersiscompletedjustfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90%ofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarders.Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopolytheyargueisremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistancessuchascoalchemicalsandgraintruckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.ThevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyoneRailCompany/Railroadstypicallychargesuch"captive"shippers20%to30%morethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforratereliefbuttheprocessisexpensivetime-consumingandwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainst"captive"shippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone’scost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaverageratetheyargueshipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddosoleavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeepinguptheline.It’satheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribebutinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail."Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace"asksMartinBercoviciaWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshippers.Many"captive"shippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases.Therailroadindustryasawholedespiteitsbrighteningfortunesstilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.YetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanotherwithWallStreetcheeringthemon.Considerthe$10.2billionhidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conrail’snetrailwayoperatingincomein1996wasjust$427millionlessthanhalfofthecarryingcostsofthetransaction.Who’sgoingtopayfortherestofthebillMany"captive"shippersfearthattheywillasNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket. Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40pointsText1Educationisnotanendbutameanstoanend.Inotherwordswedonoteducatechildrenonlyfortheaimofeducatingthem.Ourpurposeistofitthemforlife.Lifeisvaried;soiseducation.Assoonaswerealizethefactwewillunderstandthatitisveryimportanttochooseapropersystemofeducation.Insomecountrieswithadvancedindustriestheyhavefreeeducationforall.Underthissystempeoplenomatterwhethertheyarerichorpoorcleverorfoolishhaveachancetobeeducatedatuniversitiesorcolleges.Theyhaveforsometimethoughtbyfreeeducationforalltheycansolvealltheproblemsofasocietyandbuildaperfectnation.Butwecanalreadyseethatfreeeducationforallisnotenough.Wefindinsuchcountriesafarlargernumberofpeoplewithuniversitydegreesthantherearejobsforthemtofill.Asaresultoftheirdegreestheyrefusetodowhattheythinkis"low"work.Infacttoworkwithone’shandsisthoughttobedirtyandshamefulinsuchcountries.Butwehaveonlytothinkamomenttounderstandthattheworkofacompletelyuneducatedfarmerisasimportantasthatofaprofessor.Wecanlivewithouteducationbutweshoulddieifnoneofusgrowcrops.Ifnoonecleanedourstreetsandtooktherubbishawayfromourhousesweshouldgetterriblediseasesinourtowns.Iftherewerenoservicepeoplebecauseeveryonewasashamedtodosuchworktheprofessorswouldhavetowastemuchoftheirtimedoinghousework.Ontheotherhandifallthefarmerswerecompletelyuneducatedtheirproductionwouldremainlow.Asthepopulationgrowslargerandlargerinthemodernworldwewoulddieifwedidnothaveenoughfood.Infactwhenwesayallofusmustbeeducatedtofitourselvesforlifeitmeansthatallmustbeeducated:firstlytorealizethateveryonecandowhateverjobissuitedtohisbrainandability;secondlytounderstandthatalljobsarenecessarytosocietyandthatitishadtobeashamedofone’sownworkortolookdownuponsomeoneelse’s;thirdlytomasterallthenecessaryknow-howtodoone’sjobwell.Onlysucheducationcanbecalledvaluabletosociety. Ourpurposeofeducatingchildrenisto
Text4CanelectricitycausecancerInasocietythatliterallyrunsonelectricpowertheveryideaseemspreposterous.Butformorethanadecadeagrowingbandofscientistsandjournalistshaspointedtostudiesthatseemtolinkexposuretoelectromagneticfieldswithincreasedriskofleukemiaandothermalignancies.Theimplicationsareunsettlingtosaytheleastsinceeveryonecomesintocontactwithsuchfieldswhicharegeneratedbyeverythingelectricalfrompowerlinesandantennastopersonalcomputersandmicro-waveovens.Becauseevidenceonthesubjectisinconclusiveandoftencontradictoryithasbeenhardtodecidewhetherconcernaboutthehealtheffectsofelectricityislegitimateortheworstkindofparanoia.NowthealarmistshavegainedsomequalifiedsupportfromtheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.IntheexecutivesummaryofanewscientificreviewreleasedindraftformlatelastweektheEPAhasputforwardwhatamountstothemostseriousgovernmentwarningtodate.Theagencytentativelyconcludesthatscientificevidence"suggestsacasuallink"betweenextremelylow-frequencyelectromagneticfields--thosehavingverylongwave-lengthsandleukemialymphomaandbraincancer.WhilethereportfallsshortofclassifyingELFfieldsasprobablecarcinogensitdoesidentifythecommon60-hertzmagneticfieldas"apossiblebutnotprovencauseofcancerinhumans."Thereportisnoreasontopanicoreventolostsleep.Ifthereisacancerriskitisasmallone.TheevidenceisstillsocontroversialthatthedraftstirredagreatdealofdebatewithintheBushAdministrationandtheEPAreleaseditoverstrongobjectionsfromthePentagonandtheWhiteHouse.Butnownoonecandenythattheissuemustbetakenseriouslyandthatmuchmoreresearchisneeded.Attheheartofthedebateisasimpleandwell-understoodphysicalphenomenon:Whenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughawireitgeneratesanelectromagneticfieldthatexertsforcesonsurroundingobjects.Formanyyearsscientistsdismissedanysuggestionthatsuchforcesmightbeharmfulprimarilybecausetheyaresoextraordinarilyweak.TheELFmagneticfieldgeneratedbyavideoterminalmeasuresonlyafewmilligaussoraboutone-hundredththestrengthoftheearth’sownmagneticfield.Theelectricfieldssurroundingapowerslinecanbeashighas10kilovoltspermeterbutthecorrespondingfieldinducedinhumancellswillbeonlyabout1millivoltpermeter.Thisisfarlessthantheelectricfieldsthatthecellsthemselvesgenerate.HowcouldsuchminusculeforcesposeahealthdangerTheconsensususedtobethattheycouldnotandfordecadesscientistsconcentratedonmorepowerfulkindsofradiationlikeX-raysthatpacksufficientwalloptoknockelectronsoutofthemoleculesthatmakeupthehumanbody.Such"Ionizing"radiationshavebeenclearlylinkedtoincreasedcancerrisksandthereareregulationstocontrolemissions.Butepidemiologicalstudieswhichfindstatisticalassociationsbetweensetsofdatadonotprovecauseandeffect.ThoughthereisabodyoflaboratoryworkshowingthatexposuretoELFfieldscanhavebiologicaleffectsonanimaltissuesamechanismbywhichthoseeffectscouldleadtocancerousgrowthshasneverbeenfound.ThePentagonisfarfrompersuaded.Inablistering33-pagecritiqueoftheEPAreportAirForcescientistschargeitsauthorswithhaving"biasedtheentiredocument"towardprovingalink."Ourreviewersareconvincedthatthereisnosuggestionthatelectromagneticfieldspresentintheenvironmentinduceorpromotecancer"theAirForceconcludes"ItisastonishingthattheEPAwouldlenditsimprimaturonthisreport."ThePentagon’sconcernisunderstandable.Thereishardlyaunitofthemodernmilitarythatdoesnotdependontheheavyuseofsomekindofelectronicequipmentfromhugeground-basedradartowerstothedefensebuiltintoeverywarshipandplane. Themainideaofthispassageis
Text3Inrecentyearsrailroadshavebeencombiningwitheachothermergingintosupersystemscausingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70%ofthetotalton-milesmovedbyrails.Nextyearafteraseriesofmergersiscompletedjustfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90%ofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarders.Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopolytheyargueisremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistancessuchascoalchemicalsandgraintruckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.ThevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyoneRailCompany/Railroadstypicallychargesuch"captive"shippers20%to30%morethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforratereliefbuttheprocessisexpensivetime-consumingandwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainst"captive"shippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone’scost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaverageratetheyargueshipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddosoleavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeepinguptheline.It’satheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribebutinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail."Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace"asksMartinBercoviciaWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshippers.Many"captive"shippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases.Therailroadindustryasawholedespiteitsbrighteningfortunesstilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.YetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanotherwithWallStreetcheeringthemon.Considerthe$10.2billionhidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conrail’snetrailwayoperatingincomein1996wasjust$427millionlessthanhalfofthecarryingcostsofthetransaction.Who’sgoingtopayfortherestofthebillMany"captive"shippersfearthattheywillasNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket. Accordingtothosewhosupportmergersrailwaymonopolyisunlikelybecause
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
Text2CouldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturnSinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarchthepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrelupfromlessthan$10lastDecember.Thisneartriplingofoilpricescallsupscarymemoriesofthe1973oilshockwhenpricesquadrupledand1979-1980whentheyalsoalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline.SowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthistimeTheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexports.Strengtheningeconomicgrowthatthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemispherecouldpushthepricehigherstillintheshorttern.Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelessseverethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.InEuropetaxesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailpricesoevenquitebigchangesinthepriceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywereandsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservationashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportanceofheavyenergy-in-tensiveindustrieshavereducedoilconsumption.Softwareconsultancyandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthansteelorcarproduction.ForeachdollarofGDPinconstantpricesricheconomiesnowusenearly50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthatifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyearcomparedwith$13in1998thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyOnly0.25～0.5%ofGDP.Thatislessthanone-quarteroftheincomelossin1974or1980.Ontheotherhandoil-importingemergingeconomies--towhichheavyindustryhasshifted--havebecomemoreenergy-intensiveandsocouldbemoreseriouslysqueezed.Onemorereasonnottolosesleepover.Theriseinoilpricesisthatunliketherisesinthe1970sithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommoditypriceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.Asizableportionoftheworldisonlyjustemergingfromeconomicdecline.TheEconomist’scommoditypriceindexisbroadlyunchangingfromayearago.In1973commoditypricesjumpedby70%andin1979byalmost30%. Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat
Writeanessayof160～200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushouldfirstdescribethedrawingtheninterpretitsmeaningandgiveyourcommentonit. YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.20points
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsPsychologicallytherearetwodangerstobeguardedagainstinoldageoneoftheseistoogreatanabsorptioninthepast.46Oneshouldnotliveinmemoriesinregretsforthegoodolddaysorinsadnessaboutfriendswhoaredead.One’sthoughtsmustbedirectedtothefutureandtothingsaboutwhichthereissomethingtobedone.Thisisnotalwayseasy;one’sownpastisgraduallyincreasingweight.Itiseasytothinktooneselfthatone’semotionsusedtobemorevividthantheyareandone’smindmorekeen.Ifthisistrueitshouldbeforgottenanditisforgottenitwillprobablynotbetrue.Theotherthingtobeavoidedisclingingtoyouthinthehopeoffindingstrengthinitsvitality.Whenyourchildrenaregrownuptheywanttolivetheirownlivesandifyoucontinuetobeasinterestedinthemasyouwerewhentheywereyoungyouarelikelytobecomeaburdentothemunlesstheyareunusuallyinsensible.47Idon’tmeanthatoneshouldbewithoutinterestinthembutone’sinterestshouldbecontemplativeandifpossiblephilanthropicbutnottooemotional.Animalsbecomeindifferenttotheiryoungassoonastheiryoungcanlookafterthemselvesbuthumanbeingsowingtothelengthofinfancyfindthislesseasy.48Ithinkthatasuccessfuloldageiseasiestforthosewhohavestrongimpersonalinterestsleading.tosuitableactivities.Itisinthisspherethatlongexperienceisreallyfruitfulandthatthewisdomboreofexperiencecanbeusedwithoutbecomingaburden.Itisnousetellinggrown-upchildrennottomakemistakesbothbecausetheywillnotbelieveyouandbecausemistakesareanessentialpartofeducation.49Butifyouareoneofthosewhoareincapableofimpersonalinterestsyoumayfindthatyourlifewillbeemptyunlessyouconcernyourselfwithyourchildrenandgrandchildren.Inthatcaseyoumustrealizethatwhileyoucanstillhelptheminmaterialwaysasbymakingthemanallowanceorknittingthemjumpersyoumustnotexpectthattheywillenjoyyourcompany.Someoldpeoplearetroubledbythefearofdeath.Intheyoungthereisjustificationforthisfeeling.50Youngmenwhohavereasontofeartheywillbekilledinbattlemayjustifiablyfeelbitterinthethoughtthattheyhavebeencheatedofthebestthingsthatlifehastooffer.Butinanoldmanwhohasknownhumanjoysandsorrowsandhasdonewhateverworkitwasinhimtodothefearofdeathissome-whatignoble. Oneshouldnotliveinmemoriesinregretsforthegoodolddaysorinsadnessaboutfriendswhoaredead.One’sthoughtsmustbedirectedtothefutureandtothingsaboutwhichthereissomethingtobedone.
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41～45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA～Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.10pointsLaurawhowasinfirst-yearhighhadgonetothesamepublicschoolthatherbrothersnowattendedbutthisyearshewasapupilatGreenValleyAcademyasmallcountrydayschoolontheoutskirtsofthecity.41.________________________.TheyknewLaurawassmartofcoursebutsomeoftheotherBaltimoreprivateschoolsforgirlswereexcellentandhadlowertuitionsandeventhepublichighschoolswereallright.LotsofnicekidswhosefathershadtwiceasbiganincomeasHenryWadewenttothem.42.________________________.Youeitherspoiledherormadeherbitter.TheseargumentswerecogentEmilyWadeadmittedbuttheysimplydidn’tapplyinLaura’scase.43.________________________.MoreoveritwasEmily’stheorythatchildrenlearnedloveaswellasdisciplinebyfamilyexample;ifyoudidallyoucouldforthemkeepingtheirbestinterestsinmindtheywouldn’tletyoudowninacrisis.44.________________________.HowtruethathadbeenthoughtEmilydrivingslowlybecauseshehadaquarterhourtospareandshemightaswellgiveLauratimetostudy.HermindwentbacktothatblackmomentamonthbeforewhenshehadmetHenryforlunchinarestaurantandhehadtoldherthathewasoutofajob.45.________________________.Hewasprettysurehecouldgetanotherandabetterposition;therewasafirmthathadbeenmakingoverturestohimandonlyasenseofloyaltytohisoldfirmhadmadehimignorethemuptothispoint.Butthemanhe’dhavetoseewasoutoftownandwouldn’tbebackuntilthefirstoftheyear.Thentoohe’djusthadaletterfromhisbrotherinOhio;itseemedthatthewholefamilyouttherewasshottohell.Hisbrotherwhowasaschoolteacherwasbrokehisstomachulcersweretroublinghimoneofhischildrenhadtohaveaseriousoperationandhiswifewasabouttohavetwins. A.ItwasaverygoodschoolandaveryexpensiveoneandmostoftheWades’friendsthoughttheywerebeingratherfancyinsendingLaurathere. B.Nothingwastoogoodforthatchild. C.Besidesyouweren’tdoingagirlafavorwhenyouencouragedhertodeveloptasteshecouldn’taffordtogratify. D.Thebranchsalesofficehehadbeenmanaginghadbeenabsorbedbyalargerfirmanditswholestaffwasoutinthecoldwithoutsomuchasamonth’ssalarytotidethemover. E.Andeventshadcertainlyprovedhertheory. F.TheymadeherthinkoftheballerinadressandofallthepureproudfilmybeautyoftheworldthatbelongedbytighttoLaura. G.Christmashasbeencommercializedoutofitsrealmeaning. 44
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsTheAmericanideathathardworkwastobeesteemeddistinguishesusfromEuropeanswho1theirgentlemenofleisure.Forushardwork2idlenesswastheway3distinction.Now4likemanyothertraditionalvalueshardworkiscomingunder5.Inacademicjournalsconferencesandclassroomstheideaofhardworkisconsideredtobeanotherofthosenotionsthatthedominantforcesofoursociety6ontherestofUs.It7advanceswhite-maleinterests8anywomanorminorityfoolishenoughtobuyintothedominantvaluesystemwillfindout.Inarecentsurveyhigh-schoolstudentsintheUnitedStatesandJapanwereaskedto9factorsthat10tosuccessintheclassroom.OftheJapanese72percentlistedhardworkfirst11only27percentofAmericansagreed.Manyfactorscontributetothedevaluingofhardwork.Thinkingthatself-esteemiscrucialmanyparentsandteachers12topointoutthestudent’sfailingevenlaziness.Tomakematters13Americansplaceanunusuallyhighvalueontheideaofinnateability.And14inevitablydeemphasizestherolethathardworkplaysinsuccess.15ifourstudentsfailtoseethathardwork16itisbecausewearetellingthemtimeandagainthatit17.IfwewantyoungpeopletoesteemhardworkitisUPtoustoshowthemitsworthitsstrengthanditssignificanceineverydaylife.Andwhileweareatitweshouldmakesuretheyknowtherearemanyideastowhichwecanall18.Thenotionthatthesevaluescannot19classracemorethantheideaofhardwork.Itcancallintoquestion20therecanbeanAmericancreed—apublicphilosophyforusall. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41～45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA～Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.10pointsLaurawhowasinfirst-yearhighhadgonetothesamepublicschoolthatherbrothersnowattendedbutthisyearshewasapupilatGreenValleyAcademyasmallcountrydayschoolontheoutskirtsofthecity.41.________________________.TheyknewLaurawassmartofcoursebutsomeoftheotherBaltimoreprivateschoolsforgirlswereexcellentandhadlowertuitionsandeventhepublichighschoolswereallright.LotsofnicekidswhosefathershadtwiceasbiganincomeasHenryWadewenttothem.42.________________________.Youeitherspoiledherormadeherbitter.TheseargumentswerecogentEmilyWadeadmittedbuttheysimplydidn’tapplyinLaura’scase.43.________________________.MoreoveritwasEmily’stheorythatchildrenlearnedloveaswellasdisciplinebyfamilyexample;ifyoudidallyoucouldforthemkeepingtheirbestinterestsinmindtheywouldn’tletyoudowninacrisis.44.________________________.HowtruethathadbeenthoughtEmilydrivingslowlybecauseshehadaquarterhourtospareandshemightaswellgiveLauratimetostudy.HermindwentbacktothatblackmomentamonthbeforewhenshehadmetHenryforlunchinarestaurantandhehadtoldherthathewasoutofajob.45.________________________.Hewasprettysurehecouldgetanotherandabetterposition;therewasafirmthathadbeenmakingoverturestohimandonlyasenseofloyaltytohisoldfirmhadmadehimignorethemuptothispoint.Butthemanhe’dhavetoseewasoutoftownandwouldn’tbebackuntilthefirstoftheyear.Thentoohe’djusthadaletterfromhisbrotherinOhio;itseemedthatthewholefamilyouttherewasshottohell.Hisbrotherwhowasaschoolteacherwasbrokehisstomachulcersweretroublinghimoneofhischildrenhadtohaveaseriousoperationandhiswifewasabouttohavetwins. A.ItwasaverygoodschoolandaveryexpensiveoneandmostoftheWades’friendsthoughttheywerebeingratherfancyinsendingLaurathere. B.Nothingwastoogoodforthatchild. C.Besidesyouweren’tdoingagirlafavorwhenyouencouragedhertodeveloptasteshecouldn’taffordtogratify. D.Thebranchsalesofficehehadbeenmanaginghadbeenabsorbedbyalargerfirmanditswholestaffwasoutinthecoldwithoutsomuchasamonth’ssalarytotidethemover. E.Andeventshadcertainlyprovedhertheory. F.TheymadeherthinkoftheballerinadressandofallthepureproudfilmybeautyoftheworldthatbelongedbytighttoLaura. G.Christmashasbeencommercializedoutofitsrealmeaning. 42
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