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Homeopathy is the oldest form of complementary（互补的）and alternative medicines from EuropE. It origi...
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高中英语《江苏省泰兴中学2015-2016学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题 Word版含答案》真题及答案
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ManyofusmaybeeatingfoodcontainingGM转基因的ingredientswithoutrealizingit.AreGMfoodssafeforpeople?Cantheyhelpsolvethepovertyproblem?TheyhavebeenthesubjectsofahotdebatE.Thisdebateisrelatedtoincreasingchallengesfromrisingclimaticchangepopulationgrowthurbanizationandnaturalresourceconsumption.AccordingtotheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationfoodproductionneedstoincreaseby60percentby2050inordertofeed9billionpeoplE.ScientistsandpolicymakersaresearchingforeffectivewaystogainnutritiousfoodfortodayandfuturE.UnlikepreviousagriculturalmethodssuchastheGreenRevolutionGMcropsaretofightfoodsafetyandpovertychallenges.ThegreatexpansionofGMcropvarietiesoverthelasttwodecadescanbeseeneasily.ThetotalareadevotedtoGMcropshasincreased100timesfrom1.7millionhectaresin1996to170millionhectaresin2012.DevelopingcountriesnowgrowmoreGMcropsthandevelopedcountriesintermsofarealargelydrivenbyBrazil’srapidadoptionofGMcrops.Chinaishometoabout4percentofthetotalglobalareadevotedtoGMcrops.BeanscornandcottonaremainglobalGMcropswhileChina’sfocusisoncottonpapayaandpoplar.RecentlyascientificstudyshowsthatGMcropsaresafeforpeopleandtheenvironment.Accordingtoa2010reportonthesafetyofGMcropsbytheEUthemainconclusiontobedrawnfromtheeffortsofmorethan130researchprojectscoveringaperiodofmorethan25yearsofresearchandinvolvingmorethan500researchgroupsisthatbiologymethodsarenotmoreriskythantraditionalplantingtechnologiesforexamplE.OtherinternationalandnationalscientificbodiessuchastheWorldHealthOrganizationhavereachedthesameconclusion.32.AsforGMcropswhatdopeoplemainlyfocuson?A.Foodproduction.B.Foodnutrition.C.Foodsafety.D.Foodvariety.33.WhatdoesParagraph3talkabout?A.MoreGMcropsindevelopingcountries.B.LessGMcropsindevelopedcountries.C.RapidadoptionofGMcropsinBrazil.D.TheexpansionofGMcropvarietiesoftheworlD.34.Fromarecentscientificstudywecaninferthat______.A.traditionalplantingtechnologiesaremoreriskyB.thesafetyofGMcropshasbeenprovedinmanywaysC.thesafetyofGMcropswasreportedbytheEUin2010D.presentGMcropsaresafeforpeopleandtheenvironment35.What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardsGMcrops?A.SupportivE.B.OpposeD.C.Unknown.D.Indifferent.
Ourenvironmentisn’tasgreenandbeautifulasitshouldbE.Therearesteel钢铁monstersblockingoutthesunblowingoutdangeroussmokeandlettingoutpoisonouschemicalsintoriverscarsproducingharmfulwastegaspeoplethrowingoutwasteinawrongwayandallotherkindsofsourcesthatruintheplanet.Facingcurrentenvironmentalproblemspeopleneedtodotheirbesttosavetheearth.Youcanseemanybiggarbagedustbinsinthestreets.They’renotthereforashowbutforyoutodropyourwastE.Weshouldrealizethatwhatwedodoescount.Sonexttimeyougetthaturgetothrowgumorachocolatepackageoutofthecarwindoworaccidentallydropasyouwalkdownthestreetaskyourselfhowmuchwasteyou’vebeencontributingtotheenvironmentwiththatbadhabitgoingonforyears.Athomethefirstthingwecandotoprotecttheenvironmentisavoidlettingwaterruncontinuouslyandmakesurethattaps水龙头arenotleaky漏的whichwouldhelpgreatlyinscrimping.Anotheristouseenergy-savinglightsandturnthemoffbeforeyouleavetherooms.Itisnotonlyenergy-savingbutalsocutsdownelectricitycosts.RecyclingisamethodtomakeitemsreusablE.Manythingsyouwanttothrowoutcanbemadeintonewproductsthroughthereproducingprocess.Useyourimaginationtocomeupwithwaysonthingsthatyoucanuseagain.Passthemessageofsimplewaystosavetheenvironmentontokids.Startingwithkidsisagoodwayofteachingthemessageearlyintheirlivesinthehopethattheycancarryitforwardastheygrowolder.Withenvironmentalprotectionawarenessinmindwecandowhatwecanfortheresultsaretohaveabigeffectontheplanet.AslongaswedoourparttheworldisonesmallstepclosertobeingsaveD.32.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorusessteelmonsterstodescribe________.A.hugebuildingsB.highmountainsC.bigfactoriesD.charactersinfairystories33.Fromthefifthparagraphwecanknowthat________.A.protectingtheenvironmentbeginswithsmallchoresB.protectingtheenvironmentshouldstartfromchildhooD.C.wonderfullifecomesfromenvironmentalprotectionD.protectingtheenvironmentbenefitsthecountryandthepeople34.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.ThemorepeopledotheirpartthegreenertheenvironmentwillbE.B.Sellingwhatyoudon’twantanymoreisakindofrecycling.C.Toprotecttheenvironmentmayhelpyousavesomemoney.D.Yourbadhabitsfortheenvironmentareavaluablecontribution.35.Thepassageismainlyabout_____________.A.theuseofgarbagedustbinsB.howtosavewaterandelectricityC.howtosavetheenvironmentD.ourcurrentenvironmentalproblems
Scientistshaveknownfordecadesthathavingmeasles麻疹suppresseskids’immunesystemsforseveralweeksormonthsleavingthemill-equippedtofightoffpneumoniabronchitisandotherinfections.Nowateamofresearchershassuggestedthatthemeaslesvirusmayalsoleavealonger-lastingsortofimmune-amnesiathatmakesitharderforpeopletostaveoffotherillnessesfortwoyearsormorE.Thatre-emphasizestheimportanceofvaccination疫苗saidbiologistMichaelMinaleadauthorofapaperthatwaspublishedinthejournalScience.Theremaybealong-lastingimpactthatyoucan’tundoifyourchildgetsmeasleshesaiD.Ihopethisstudycanimpressuponpeoplethedangermeaslesposes.TheresearchersusedwhatMinacalledanunconventionalapproachtosearchforthelong-lastingimmunesystemeffects.PreviousworkinmonkeyssuggestedthatmonkeyswiththediseaselostwhitebloodcellstheirbodieshadtrainedtofightoffotherillnessesleavingthemmorelikelytobeinfecteD.Totestifasimilarthingmayoccurinhumansthegroupminedhistoricaldatatofindouttherelationshipbetweenmeaslesincidence发病率anddeathsfromotherinfectiousdiseases.TheyturnedtodatafromEnglandandWales—developednationswherediseaselevelsaregenerallylowallowingaless-confusedviewofmeasles’effects.StudyingmeaslesincidenceanddeathsfrominfectiousdiseasebothbeforeandaftertheintroductionofthemeaslesvaccineintheU.K.inthe1960sMinaandtheteamsawasortofshadoweffectwheredeathsfromavarietyofnon-measlesinfectiousdiseasescloselytrackedmeaslesincidencE.Themoremeaslesinapopulationthemoredeathsfromotherillnessesinthe28-monthperiodthatfolloweD.Reallyitdidn’tmatterwhatagegroupwhatdecadeorwhatcountrysaidMinA.Theyallshowedconsistentresultswhatwe’resuggestinghappensoverthelongtermisthatyourimmunesystemworksfinebutithasforgottenwhatitpreviouslylearneD.Someresearcherswhowerenotinvolvedintheworkquestionedwhetherthereductionsindeathsasmeaslescasesdeclinedmayhavehadmoretodowithimprovingnutritionandsmallerfamilysizethanwithprolongedimmunesuppression.Othersthoughtthepaper’sopinionofyears-longsuppressionwasseeminglyreasonablebutsaidtheycouldnotcommentonthemathematicalmodelsthegroupuseD.ToknowforcertainwhatwasbehindtheeffectthegroupsawMinaagreedscientistswouldneedtolookatimmunecellsandobservetheirbehavior.Hesaidhewouldliketopushtheworkinamoretraditionaldirection:backintothelaboratory.62.WhydidMinacalltheirresearchmethodanunconventionalapproach?A.TheirresearchwasbasedonthehistoricaldatA.B.Theirresearchcomparedmonkeyswithhumans.C.Theyonlypaidattentiontodevelopednations.D.Theydiscoveredasortofshadoweffect.63.AccordingtoMinawhatisthesignificanceoftheirresearch?A.Theywarnedpeoplethatmeaslescanresultinotherinfectiousdiseases.B.Theycarriedouttheresearchonmeaslesinanunconventionalapproach.C.Theyshowedhowdangerousmeaslesisandtheimportanceofvaccination.D.Theyfoundoutthediseaselevelsaregenerallylowindevelopednations..64.TheunderlinedphrasestaveoffinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto________.A.keepawayB.survivefromC.searchforD.turndown65.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?A.MeasleshasbeentheoriginofotherdiseasesanddeathsB.NewresearchconductedintomeasleshasbeenwidelyquestionedC.Studypointstoyears-longimmunesystemmisfortunesfrommeaslesD.Damagecausedbymeaslestotheimmunesystemcouldlastseveralweeks
Peoplehavesmokedcigarettesforalongtimenow.ThetobaccowhichisusedtomakecigaretteswasfirstgrowninwhatisnowpartoftheUnitedStates.ChristopherColumbuswhodiscoveredAmericasawtheIndianssmoking.SoonthedriedleavesweretransportedtoEurope.Inthelate1800stheTurksmadecigarettespopular.CigarettesmokecontainsatleasttwoharmfulsubstancestarandnicotinE.Tarwhichformsasthetobaccoburnsdamagesthelungsandthereforeaffectsbreathing.NicotinewhichisfoundintheleavescausesthehearttobeatfasterandincreasesthebreathingratE.Nicotineinlargecankillapersonbystoppingaperson’sbreathingmuscles.Smokersusuallytakeinsmallamountsthatthebodycanquicklybreakdown.Nicotinecanmakenewsmokersfeeldizzy头晕orsicktotheirstomachs.Theheartrateforyoungsmokersincreases2to3beatsperminutE.Nicotinealsolowersskintemperatureandreducesbloodflowinthelegsandfeet.Itplaysanimportantroleinincreasingsmokers’riskofheartdiseaseandstrokE.Smokingcigarettesisdangerous.Cigarettesmokingwasthecauseoflungcancerandseveralotherdeadlydiseases.60Tobaccofirstappearedin_________.A.AsiaB.AfricaC.EuropeD.America61.Whatisthemainpurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.TotellusthebadeffectscausedbysmokingcigarettesB.TointroducethehistoryofsmokingC.ToletusknowwhatthecigarettesaremadefromD.TotellthereadersthatColumbusfoundtheIndianssmoking62.ThefollowingeffectsarecausedbyNicotineEXCEPTthat________.A.ItcanmakenewsmokersfeeldizzyorsicktotheirstomachsB.ItlowersskintemperatureC.ItcausesthehearttobeatlessfastD.Nicotinewillprobablykillapersonifasmokertakesintoomuchofit.63.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A.Wheredidcigarettescomefrom?B.Theeffectofsmokingonyourbody.C.Howtosmokeishealthy?D.Whoisthefirstsmoker?
AsthefatherofastudentIhaveexperiencedfirsthandwhatagreatteacheris.Mysonwasinthe4thgradelastyearandhehadateachercalledMissGreen.IbelievethatwhenheisanadulthewillsurelylookbackonherasthebestteacherhehaseverhaD.Mysonhasattentiondeficitdisorder注意力缺损症thatmakesitalittlemoredifficultforhimtolearn.Shewasabletochangeherteachingmethodsforhimsothathecouldkeepupwiththerestoftheclass.AsaresulthegotstraightAsonmanysubjects.Sheregardedherclassasafamilyandtheyevenhadtheirownclasssong.Shewouldoftenhavethemsingittoencouragethemanddevelopateamspiritforthem.Whenshesawthattheywerenolongerlisteningcarefullytowhatshewasteachingshewouldhavethemclosetheirtextbooksstandupallaroundtheroomandthrowaroundasmallfootball.Thishelpedthemcleartheirmindsandthenfocusonthelessonagain.Besidesshewasquicktoreplytoanyphonecallsoremailsfromusandgotridofourworriesaboutchildrenquickly.Whenmysonwenttothe5thgradethisyearwehappenedtopassherclassroom.Whenshesawmysonshesmiledandshecameoutandhuggedhim.Shegenerallylovesallofthechildreninherclassroomandthatlovereallyshows.Icanonlypraythatmysonwillcontinuetogetteachersjustlikeherfortherestofhisschoolyears.21.Withtheteacher’shelpthewriter’sson______.A.becamethebeststudentinhisclassB.wasinterestedinsingingsongsC.quicklyfinishedhis4thgradelessonsD.improvedhisgradesgreatly22.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutMissGreen?A.Sheregardedthestudentsasmembersofafamily.B.Shehadspecialwaystohelpstudentsstudy.C.ShewasgoodatteachingfootballandmusiC.D.Sheusuallymadeaquickreplytoparents’emails.23.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______.A.MissGreendidn’tteachthewriter’ssoninthe5thgradeB.MissGreenwasthebestteacherattheschoolC.allthestudentsintheschoollikedMissGreenD.thewriter’ssonhadmanyteacherslikeMissGreen24.Inthepassagethewritermainlytellsus______.A.whathissonstudiedatschoolB.hissononcehadagoodteacherC.howtobeagoodandpopularteacherD.ateacherwholikedplayingwithstudents
Willyoubeplayingsomemusicatwork?Musicisparticularlypopularinthemedicalprofessionespeciallyamongsurgeons外科医生.A.recentsurveyshowsthat90%ofsurgeonsintheUKputmusiconthesoundsysteminthetheatreduringoperations.Plasticsurgeons整形外科医生playthemostmusicitappearsthatear.noseandthroatspecialiststheleastButitisn’tonlyinsurgeries外科手术wheremusicispopular.Inanotherrecentsurvey.one-thirdofthe1613peoplesaidtheylistentomusicwhileworking.And79%ofthemsaidthathumming哼歌alongimprovestheirjobsatisfactionorproductivity.Islisteningtomusicatworkagoodidea?Yessaytheexperts.Manysurgeonssaythatmusichelpstocreateacalmatmosphereandathirdofthemaddedthatitavoidsgettingbored!Alsolisteningtomusicraisesthelevelsofabrainchemicalthatcanhelppeoplefocus.Officeworkerssayitimprovesjobsatisfaction.Severalstudiessuggestthatit’salsogoodforhospitalpatients.Thoselisteningtomusicthroughheadphonesduringsurgeryrequirelessanesthetic麻醉剂upto50%lessinsomecasesandrecovermorequicklyafterwards.SuremusicreducesanxietybeforesurgerysaysZeevKainananesthetistatYaleUniversity.Sowhattypeofmusicshouldwebelisteningto?Surgeonsfromtheprevioussurveypreferredrockpopmusicandclassical.Andhip-hopispopulartoo.Howeverwhateverthekinditappearsthatself-selectedmusicisthebestchoicE.PennsylvaniaStateUniversityresearchshowedthatwhenpeoplechosetheirownmusictherewasmorestressreduction下降.Andotherresearchersfoundthatwhenlisteningtoself-selectedmusicsurgeonsdidthemathsfasterandmoreaccuratelythanwhentheywerelisteningtomusicchosenforthem.29.TheunderlinedwordtheatreinParagraph2probablymeans_____A.arestroomforsurgeonsB.anoperatingroomC.awaitingroominahospitalD.abuildingwhereshowsareperformed30.Whataretheadvantagesoflisteningtomusicatwork?______.①improvingmemory②keepingpeoplerelaxed③improvingjobsatisfaction④improvingeyesightA.①④B.①②C.②④D.②③31.Howshouldyouchoosemusicforworktimeaccordingtothepassage?.A.TurntothesurgeonsforhelpB.RockpopmusicandclassicalarealwaysgoodchoicesC.MakeyourselectionbyyourselfD.Themostpopularmusicshouldbetakenintoconsideration
Waterskiingisasportwithmanysocialeconomicandhealthbenefitstosociety.Itisuniqueinthatitisasportwhereableanddisabledpersonsandpeopleasyoungas5yearsoldandasoldas80yearsofagecanparticipatealongsideeachother.Itisasportthatinvolvesmorethanonepersonandisawonderfulfamilyactivitythatgathersmemberstogetherforadayoffunatafavoritewaterway.Anyonewhohasputonwaterskiscanattesttoitshealthbenefits—itisasportthatdemandsanddevelopsstrengthabilityandendurancE.Thesportincludesseveraldisciplines训练includingslalomtrickscablejumpskiracingkneeboardwakeboardandbarefootwitheachofthesepracticedforeitherrecreationalorcompetitiveenjoyment.SafetyTipsForWater-SkiersDon’ttakeunnecessaryriskswhilewater-skiing.Thefollowingtipswillhelpyousafelyenjoythisthrillingsport:ALWAYShaveanobserverintheboat.Thisisalegalrequirementinmanystates.TheboatdrivercannotwatchtheskierandoperatetheboatsafelyatthesametimE.ALWAYSwearaCoastGuardapprovedPersonalFlotationDevicePFDdesignedforwaterskiing.SkibeltsareNOTrecommendeD.YourapprovedPFDwillhelpkeepyouafloat.NEVERskiinroughwater.HighwavesorachoppyseawillpreventthetowboatfrommaintainingasteadycourseandspeeD.NEVERskiafterdark.Itisdangerousandillegal.Anyboattravelingfastenoughtotowaskieristravelingtoofasttonavigatesafelyatnight.NEVERwater-skiwhileundertheinfluenceofalcoholordrugs.SuchactivityisextremelydangerousbecauseoftheimpairmenttoyourjudgmentandabilitytoresponD.A.recentstudyconductedwithexpertskierswhowerepurposelydrunkindicatedthateventheirabilitytoskiwasdramaticallyreduceD.USEhandsignalsbetweentheskierandobserver.Agreebeforeyoustartwhateachsignalmeanssothereisnoconfusionatacriticalmoment.59.________canNOTaccompanyyoutogowaterskiing.A.A.pupilinaprimaryschoolB.A.disabledpersonC.A.familymemberD.Yourfour-year-oldbrother60.WhichofthefollowingisWRONGaccordingtothetext?A.Waterskiinghelpsbuildupone’sstrength.B.Thedisciplinesmentionedareonlyforcompetitions.C.Handsignalsshouldbeagreedonbetweenskiers.D.Roughwatermakesthetowboatlesssteady.61.Whichofthefollowingisagainstlawwhiledoingwaterskiing?A.Anobserverdoesn’twatchtheskier.B.A.skierdoesn’tfastenhissafebelt.C.Goskiingatmidnight.D.TogoskiingafterdrinkingwinE.62.Thepurposeofwritingthearticleisto________.A.warnpeopleofthedangerofgoingskiingB.tellhowtoenjoywaterskiingproperlyandsafelyC.tellpeoplebothyoungandoldtolearntogoskiingD.tellpeoplenotgoskiingafterdrinkingtoomuchwine
Lastsummertwonineteenth-centurycottageswererescuedfromremotefarmfieldsinMontanatobemovedtoanArtDecobuildinginSanFrancisco.ThehousesweremadeofwooD.ThesecottagesoncehousedearlysettlersastheyworkedthedryMontanasoil;nowtheyholdTwitterengineers.Thecottagescouldbeanexampleoftheindustry'soddloveaffairwithlowtechnologyaconceptassociatedwiththenaturalworldandwithold-schoolcraftsmanshipthatexistslongbeforetheInterneterA.Lowtechnologyisnotvirtual虚拟的--sototakeadvantageofitInternetcompanieshavehadtogetcreativE.Therescuedwoodcottagesfittedbyhandinthelateeighteen-hundredsareanobviousexamplebutTwitter'sdesignslieontheextremeenD.OthercompaniesareusingabroaderinterpretationoflowtechnologythatfocusesonnaturE.Amazonisbuildingthreeglassspheresfilledwithtreessothatemployeescanworkandsocializeinamorenaturalpark-likesetting.AtGoogle'sofficeanentireflooriscarpetedinglass.Facebook'ssecondMenloParkcampuswillhavearooftopparkwithawalkingtrail.OlleLundbergthefounderofLundbergDesignhasworkedwithmanytechcompaniesovertheyears.Wehavelosttheconnectiontothemakerinourlivesandourtechengineersaretheoneswhofeelmostimpoverishedbecausethey'resurroundedbythedigitalworldhesays.They’relookingforawaytoregaintheirindividualidentityandwe'vefoundthatintroducingrealcraftsisonewaytodothat.Thiscraft-basedtheoryisrootedinhistory.WilliamMorristheEnglishartistandwriterturnedbacktopre-indu-strialartsintheeighteen-sixtiesjustaftertheIndustrialRevolution.TheArtsandCraftsmovementdefineditselfagainstmachines.WithoutcreativehumanoccupationpeoplebecamedisconnectedfromlifeMorrissaiD.Researchhasshownthatnaturalenvironmentscanrestoreourmentalcapacities.InJapanpatientsareencouragedtoforest-bathetakingwalksthroughwoodstolowertheirbloodpressurE.Thesehealthbenefitsapplytotheworkplaceaswell.RachelKaplvinaprofessorofenvironmentalpsychologyhasspentyearsresearchingtherestorativeeffectsofnaturalenvironments.Herresearchfoundthatworkerswithaccesstonatureattheoffice--evenviewsoftreesandflowers—felttheirjobswerelessstressfulandmoresatisfying.Ifofficescanpotentiallynourishthebrainsandimprovethementalhealthofemployeesthenfinebringonthecottages.28.Thewritermentionsthetwonineteenth-centurycottagestoshowthat.A.TwitterishavingahardtimeB.InternetcompanieshaverediscoveredthebenefitsoflowtechnologyC.earlysettlersoncesufferedfromadryclimateinMontanaD.oldcottagesareinneedofprotection29.Lowtechnologyisregardedassomethingthat.A.consumestoomuchenergyB.isrelatedtonatureC.isoutofdatetodayD.existsinthevirtualworld30.ThemainideaofParagraph5isthathumanbeings.A.havedestroyedmanypre-industrialartsB.canbecomeintelligentbylearninghistoryC.haveatraditionofvaluingartsandcraftsD.canregaintheirindividualidentitybyusingmachines31.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheMoreCraftsmanshiptheLessCreativityB.PastGloriesFutureDreamsC.TheVirtualWorldtheRealChallengeD.High-techCompaniesLow-techOffices
Fixedorgrowthmindset—whichdoyouhave?Weliveinanuncertainworldwithallthetechnologicaladvancesweareexperiencingwhichmeanseisarequirementforachangeinmidset思维模式.Inordertobeontopofourgamebothpersonallyandorganizationallyweneedtodevelopagrowthmindset.A.fixedmindsetsupposesthatyouhavenativeabilitiesandarenaturallycleverorskilledincertainareasoflifE.WhenyoureceiveinfonnationabouthowyouhaveperformedinatestorsetoftaskstyoumayworryabouthowyouarejudgeD.OurparentsprobablysaidtouswhenwewereyoungSinceyouscoredreallywellinthetestyoumustbeclever.HoweverbybeingrepeatedlytoldYouarccleverorYouarereallyga*alalyourjobaperson’sself-respectisactuallydainagcD.Thegrowlh-mindestpersonaviewlifeasaseriesofexcitingchallengesandwanttoconstantlylearn.BrainactivityoccursinthismindsetwhentheyreceiveinformationaboutwhattheycoulddobelterorimprovE.TheydonotviewtheirabilitiesasfixedorusfailurE.LearningiskingandthemoretheypracticethemoretheyknowtheywillsucceeD.Whatisimportantisgivingpraisearoundprocessandnotaroundability.ForexampleinsteadofsayingSinceyougotagreatscoreyoumustbecleverfsayYougotagreatscoreandyoumusthavetriedreallyhard.ThiscreateschallengeinindivicluatsandThemeaningofmindsetsismassiveforbusiness.Fixed-mindsetmanagersarenotfansofgivingfeedback反馈.TheydonotwanttostretchthemselvesorothersbecausetheyfearfailurE.Thereforetheirbusinessmaystandstillbecausethereisnoriskorinnovation创新occurring.Listenfromyourownfixedmindset一forexampleIcan'tdothat一andanswerwithagrowth-mindsetresponse一Ican'tdothatyet!Rememberthereisnosuchthingasfailureandthere*sonlylearning.Ifyoudon91failoccasionallyyyouwillneverlearntochangeandgrow.32.Whatistheauthor'sopinionofpeople'smindsets?A.A.growthmindstetmeansnofailurE.B.Peopleneeddevelopafixedmindset.C.A.fixedmindsetfocusesmoreonprocess.D.Peopleshoulddevelopagrowthmindest.33.Whichjudgmentseemsmoreencouraging?A.Youareclever.B.Youareskillful.C.YouhaveworkedharD.D.YouarcgreatatyourjoB.34.Whatdothegrowth-inindsetpersonsmostadvocate?A.Keepingonlearning.B.ViewingabilityasfailurE.C.Givingpraisearoundability.D.Learningfromthefixedmindset.35.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.AlwaysstayinihesamemindsetB.Thinkandactindifferentmindsets.C.Wecan'tmissthechanceoffailurE.D.LearningisthekeytosuccessfromfailurE.
SleepinginonSaturdayafterafewweeksoftoolittleshuteyemayfeelrefreshingbutitcangiveafalsesenseofsecurity.Newresearchshowslong-termsleeplosscannotbecuredthateasily.Scientistsresearchedtheeffectsofshort-andlong-termsleeplossandfoundthatthosewhosufferlong-termsleeplossmayfunctionnormallysoonafterwakingupbutexperiencesteadilyslowerreactiontimesasthedaygoesbyeveniftheyhadtriedtocatchupthepreviousnight.Theresearchhasimportantsafetysignificancesinanincreasinglybusysocietynotjustforshift-workersbutfortheroughlyoneinsixAmericanswhoregularlygetsixhoursorlessofsleepanight.Weknowthatstayingawake24hourswithoutsleepwillaffectyourperformancetodoallsortsofthingsandthiseffectequalstodrinkingtoomuchwhendrivingsaidleadresearcherDr.DanielCohenofBoston’sBrighamandWomen’sHospital.Butwhenthosewhosufferlong-termsleeplossbecomeall-nighterstheharmisincreasedtentimesCohensaiD.TheNationalInstitutesofHealthsaysadultsneedsevenhourstoninehoursofsleepforgoodhealth.Regularlygettingtoolittlesleepincreasestheriskofhealthproblemsincludingmemoryimpairmentandaweakenedimmunesystem.Moreimmediatelytoolittlesleepaffectsreactiontimes;sleepinessistoblameforcarcrashesandotheraccidents.IthascriticallyimportantcomplicatedandunexpectedresultsforanyonewhoworkscrazyhoursandthinkstheyareperformingfinewithafewhoursofweeknightsleepsaidHarrisdirectoratNewYork’sMontefioreMedicalCenter.Don’tthinkyoucanjustbankupyoursleepontheweekendbecauseitdoesn’tworkthatwayhewarneD.51.Thetextmainlyadvisespeople______.A.tosleepmoretimeB.tosleepinonSaturdayC.tosleepscientificallyD.tosleeplittleonweekend52.Peoplewithlong-termsleeploss______.A.arequickerinthinkingB.mayfeelrefreshedsoonafterwakingupC.aresurelyenergeticD.canhaveastrongsenseofsecurity53.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.MostoftheAmericansgetsixhoursorlessofsleepanight.B.Stayingupisworseforthosewhosufferlong-termsleeploss.C.Trafficaccidentshavelittletodowithsleepiness.D.OneinsixAmericansareall-nighters.54.Whichofthefollowingistheimmediateeffectoflong-termsleeploss?A.HealthproblemsB.ImmunesystemC.ReactiontimesD.Memoryimpairment55.Theunderlinedphrasebankupinthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans____.A.pileupB.pickupC.addupD.buildup
Lifewillprobablybeverydifferentin2050.FirstofallitseemsthatTVchannelswillhavedisappearedby2050.Insteadpeoplewillchooseaprogrammefromamenuandacomputerwillsendtheprogrammedirectlytothetelevision.TodaywecanusetheWorldWideWebtoreadnewspaperstoriesandseepicturesonacomputerthousandsofkilometersaway.By2050musicfilmsprogrammesnewspapersandbookswillcometousinthisway.Inmanyplacesagricultureisdevelopingquicklyandpeoplearegrowingfruitandvegetablesforexport.Thisusesalotofwater.Thereforetherecouldbeseriousshortages.Somefuturologistspredictthatwatercouldbethecauseofwarifwedon’tactnow.Infuturecarswillrunonnewcleanfuelsandtheywillgoveryfast.Carswillhavecomputerstocontrolthespeedofthemandtherewon’tbeanyaccidents.TodaymanycarshavecomputersthattelldriversexactlywheretheyarE.By2050thecomputerwillcontrolthecaranddriveittoyourdestination.Alsoby2050spaceplaneswillflypeoplefromLosAngelstoTokyoinjusttwohours.Somebigcompaniesnowprefertouserobotsthatdonotaskforpayrisesorgoonstrikeandwork24hoursaday.By2050wewillseerobotseverywhere—infactoriesschoolsofficeshospitalsshopsandhomes.By2050wewillbeabletohelpblindanddeafpeopleseeagainandhearagain.Nowadaysscientistshavediscoveredhowtocontrolgenesandhavealreadyproducedclonesofanimals.By2050scientistswillbeabletoproduceclonesofpeopleanddecidehowtheylookhowtheybehaveandhowmuchintelligencetheyhavE.Scientistswillbeabletodothesethingsbutshouldthey?64.By2050peoplewillgetinformationmainlyby________.A.watchingTVB.readingnewspapersC.listeningtotheradioD.turningtoawebsite65.Whatwillplaythebiggestpartinthequalityoffuturelife?A.MedicinE.B.Technology.C.Education.D.AgriculturE.66.WhichofthefollowingsubjectsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A.Entertainment.B.Travel.C.ClimatE.D.Health.
Todayrollerskating滑旱冰iseasyandfun.Butmanyyearsagoitwasn’teasyatall.Before1750peoplenevertriedskatingonwheels.ThatchangedbecauseofamannamedJosephMerlin.Merlin’sworkwasmakinginstruments.Inhisfreetimehelikedtoplaytheviolin.Merlinwasamanwithmanyideasandmanydreams.Peoplecalledhimadreamer.OnedayMerlinreceivedaninvitationtogotoanimportantparty.HewasverypleasedandalittleexciteD.AsthedayofthepartycamenearMerlinbegantothink.Hewantedtofindawaytomakeawonderfulentranceattheparty.MerlinhadanideA.Hethoughtthathewouldattractalotofattentionifhecouldskateintotheroom.Merlintrieddifferentwaystomakehimselfroll.FinallyhedecidedtoputtwowheelsundereachshoE.Thesewerethefirstrollerskateshoes.Merlinwasveryproudofthem.Hedreamedofarrivingatthepartyandskatingintotheroomwhileplayingtheviolin.HewassurethateveryonewouldbeverysurpriseD.OnthenightofthepartyMerlinrolledintotheroomplayinghisviolin.Everyonewasreallysurprisedtoseehim.Therewasjustoneproblem.Merlinhadnowaytostophisrollerskating.Herolledonplayingtheviolin.ThenwithalleyesonhimMerlinhitintoahugemirroronthewall.ThemirrorbrokeintomanypieceswithaveryloudnoisE.ButnobodyforgotMerlin’swonderfulentranceafterthat.32.Thestorytellsusthatpeoplebegantoenjoyroller-skating_______.A.beforetheyear1750B.beforetheinvitationC.becauseofJosephMerlinD.becauseitwasdangerous33.PeoplecalledMerlinadreamerbecause___________.A.hesleptanddreamedalotB.hewasfullofdifferentideasC.hewasatalentedviolinistD.healwaysmadepeople’sdreamscometrue34___________madeMerlinthinkofskatingonwheels.A.Merlin’sworkB.Merlin’sviolinC.A.hugemirrorD.Animportantparty35.Thetextismainlyabout_________.A.astrangemanB.anunusualpartyC.howrollerskatingbeganD.howpeopleenjoyedthemselvesinthe18thcentury
ADAPTIVEACTIONSPORTSAdaptiveActionSportswasfoundedin2005byAmyPurdyandDanielGalE.AmyPurdywasanactivesnowboarderuntilshelostbothherlegstobacterialmeningitis脑脊膜炎.Shespentthreemonthsinthehospitalfightingforherlifeanddoctorsgaveheralessthantwopercentchanceofsurvival.BecauseofmeningitisAmylostcirculationinbothherlegsandwhenshecameoutofthehospitalshehadprostheticlegs义肢.WhenshelostherlegsAmyknewshewouldbeactiveagainbutdidn’tknowhoworwhen.Shestruggledtobeactiveonhernewlegsandalittleovertwoyearsafterheramputation截肢sheenteredtheUSASAUnitedStatesofAmericaSnowboardAssociationNationalSnowboardingCompetitionandwonmedalsinthreeevents.Amywasatanadaptivesnowboardworkshopin2002whenshemetDanielGalE.Theyimmediatelyformedaconnectionthroughtheirenthusiasmforsnowboardingmusicandart.Amy’sbiggeststrugglehadbeenobtaininginformationonhowtostartsnowboardingagainwithprostheticlegsandsheandDanielbothsawtheneedtohelpotherslikeAmy.TheywantedtocreatesomethingaplaceaforumanorganizationthatwouldenableindividualstofindandparticipateintheirenthusiasmswithoutastrugglE.AdaptiveActionSportswasborn.Theirdreamwastohelpathleteswithpermanentphysicaldisabilitiescompeteinactionsports.AdaptiveActionSportsholdscampsclinicsandeventstocreateprogramsandopportunitiesfortheseindividuals.Since2000theUSASAhasprovidedopportunitiesforadaptiveathletestocompeteinsnowboardingcompetitions.In2007theUSASACompetitionhad17adaptiveathletescompetethelargestnumberofadaptiveathletesinadaptiveathletecompetitionhistory.Althoughmanycompetitorswerestillinjuredtheyrecoveredquicklyandshowedhowhardtheyarewillingtopushthemselves.33.WeknowfromthetextthatAmyPurdylosttheabilityto______.A.helpothersB.walkC.obtaininformationD.sing34.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.HowAdaptiveActionSportswasfoundeD.B.WhyAmyandDanielwanttohelpothers.C.HowAmyandDanielkneweachother.D.WhatAmyandDaniel’shobbiesarE.35.TheunderlinedwordstheseindividualsinParagraph4referto____.A.peoplewholoveactionsportsB.athleteswhosebodiescan’tworknormallyC.peoplewhowanttotakepartincompetitionsD.athleteswhodecidetohelpdisabledpeoplelikeAmy
Manycityresidentshavewitnessedinstancesofseemingbirdgeniusfromcrows乌鸦usingtraffictocracknutstoaseagull海鸥openingbagsofDoritosithadstolenfromaconveniencestorE.Nowthere’sevidencethattheurbanenvironmentitselfmightbemakingbirdssmarteraccordingtoastudyinBehavioralEcology.ResearchersatMontreal’sMcGillUniversitywantedtoseeiftherewereintelligencedifferencesbetweenrural农村的andurbanbullfinches红腹灰雀intheBarbados.Sotheyassignedbirdsfrombothenvironmentstasksmeasuringassociative联想的learningandproblemsolving.Birdsfromcitiesweregoodatperformingtrickythingslikepullingandopeningfoodjars.Countrybirdsperformedworseatthesetasks.Theresearcherssaytheurbanbirdsdisplayedbravercharacteristicsandevenhadstrongerfiguresthantheirruralspecies.Butwhydocitybirdshavetheadvantageovertheircountryfriends?Theyadaptedtotheirurbanenvironmentsenablingthemtotakeadvantageofnewresourcesbetterthantheirruralspecies.Wefoundthatnotonlywerebirdsfromurbanizedareasbetteratcreativeproblem-solvingtasksthanbullfinchesfromruralenvironmentsbutthatsurprisinglyurbanbirdsalsohadabetterimmunity免疫性thanruralbirdssaysJean-NicolasAudetaPh.D.studentintheDepartmentofBiologyandfirstauthorofthestudypublishedinthejournalBehavioralEcology.Sinceurbanbirdswerebetteratproblem-solvingweexpectedthattherewouldbeatrade-offandthattheimmunitywouldbelowerjustbecauseweassumedthatyoucan’tbegoodateverything.Itseemsthatinthiscasetheurbanbirdshaveitall.32.Whathelpsurbanbirdsbesmarterthanruralbirds?A.Theirfigures.B.Theirimmunity.C.Theurbanenvironment.D.TheconveniencestorE.33.Thetaskmeasuringassociativelearningandproblemsolvingwasto.A.seeifurbanbirdshadbravercharacteristicsB.seeifurbanandruralbirdshadgoodlivingenvironmentC.seeifurbanbirdswerebetteratopeningfoodjarsthanruralbirdsD.seeiftherewereintelligencedifferencesbetweenurbanandruralbirds34.Whydidurbanbirdsbehavebetterthanruralbirdsintheresearch?A.Becausetheywerecleverer.B.Becausetheyusednewresourcesbetter.C.BecausetheyhadtakenpartintheresearchbeforE.D.Becausetheyweremorefamiliarwiththeenvironment.35.Howdidtheresearchersthinkabouturbanbirds’betterimmunity?A.Amazing.B.ReasonablE.C.Common.D.RarE.
ColdweathercanbehardonpetsjustlikeitcanbehardonpeoplE.Sometimesownersforgetthattheircatsarejustasusedtothewarmshelter住所astheyarE.Someownerswillleavetheiranimalsoutsideforalongperiodoftimethinkingthatallanimalsareusedtolivingoutdoors.Thiscanputtheirpetsindangerofseriousillness.TherearethingsyoucandotokeepyouranimalwarmandsafE.KeepyourpetsinsideasmuchasyoucanwhentheweatherisbaD.Ifyouhavetotakethemoutstayoutsidewiththem.Whenyou'recoldenoughtogoinsidetheyprobablyaretoo.Ifyoumustleavethemoutsideforalongtimemakesuretheyhaveawarmsolidshelteragainstthewindthickbeddingandplentyofnon-frozenwater.Ifleftaloneoutsidedogsandcatscanbeverysmartintheirsearchforwarmshelter.TheycandigintosnowbanksorhidesomewherE.Watchthemcloselywhentheyareleftoutdoorsandprovidethemwithshelterofgoodquality.Keepaneyeonyourpet'swater.Sometimesownersdon'trealizethatawaterbowlhasfrozenandtheirpetcan'tgetanythingtodrink.Animalsthatdon'thavecleanandunfrozenwatermaydrinkdirtywateroutsidewhichmaycontainsomethingunhealthyforthem.24.WhatdowelearnaboutpetsfromParagraph1?A.Theyareoftenforgottenbytheirowners.B.Theyliketostayinwarmplaces.C.Theybuildtheirwonshelter.D.Theyareusedtolivingoutdoors.25.Whyarepetownersaskedtostaywiththeirpetswhentheyareoutincoldweather?A.Tohelpthemfindshelters.B.TokeepthemfromeatingbadfooD.C.ToknowwhentobringtheminsidE.D.Tokeepthemcompany.26.Ifpetsareleftontheirownoutdoorsincoldweathertheymay___.A.getlostinthewildB.digdeepholesforfunC.dirtythesnownearbyD.runshortofcleanwater27.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.TogivepracticaladvicE.B.Tosolveaproblem.C.Totellaninterestingstory.D.Topresentaresearchresult.
Canyouresistcreamcakes?Imissmysugar!I'vedecidedtoloseweightandIhadtogiveupcakes.It'sdifficultbecauseIhaveasweettoothandIlovecreamcakes.Nothavingtreatscanbegoodforyourhealth.I'veheardthattheBurtsafamilyoffiveinSouthEastEnglandlivedsugarfreeforawholeyearaftertheyfoundouttheirdaughterhaddiabetes糖尿病.Itwasn'teasy.ToavoidtemptationIdon'tgotoanybakeriesbutthisfamilyactuallyownsonewhichmakesupto3000cakesaweek.Theywereinshockwhenthedoctorsaidthattheir16-year-oldLucyhadtocheckherbloodsugarlevelsregularlyandtakeinsulin膜岛素.HeadvisedhertoeatanormalbalanceddietbuttheBurtswentfurtherandgotridofsugaraltogether.Andhowdoesitfeeltolivewithoutsugarforawhile?JasonBurtsaidthatforamonththeyfeltweak.ButlateronitallchangeD.Hesayshefeelsmoreawakeandfullofenergy.AndwhatabouttheBurtfamilybusiness?Ithadtokeepusinghalfatonofsugaraweekandanycookworthhissaltknowsthatyouhavetotastearecipetoknowifit'sright.NoproblemtheresaysJasonBurt'swifeClarE.Shepointsoutthatshe'sgotlotsofpeopleofferingtotastethecakesforthem.Thefamilyisalsothinkingaboutsellingmoredeliciousproducts.IwonderwhatmakesushaveastrongdesireforsweetfooD.AnywayI'vedecidedtoforgetaboutthesweettasteofsugarforawhilE.AsBritishmodelKateMosssays:Nothingtastesasgoodasskinnyfeels.21.Fromthepassagewhatdoweknowabouttheauthor?A.Theauthorrunsabakery.B.TheauthorhatessweettastE.C.Theauthorisonadiet.D.Theauthor'sdaughterhaddiabetes.22.WhatdidtheBurtsdoafterhearingthedoctor'sadvice?A.TheywereshockeD.B.Theywenttoofaraboutit.C.Theyusedhalfatonofsugaraweek.D.Theyavoidedsugarcompletely.23.Fromthepassagewecanlearnitisnecessaryforacook________.A.tomakeupto3000cakesaweekB.totastearecipetoknowifit'srightC.togetlotsofpeopleofferingtotastethecakesD.tosellmoredeliciousproducts24.WhatdoesthesentencebyKateMossmean?A.Itisworthwhiletoresistfoodtolookskinny.B.Thereisnothingtastingasgoodassweets.C.NothingtastesgoodwhentheskinfeelsterriblE.D.Nobodycanresistthedesireforsweets.
OneofthegreatestgiftsonegenerationcangivetoothergenerationsisthewisdomithasgainedfromexperiencE.Thisideahasinspiredtheaward-winningphotographerAndrewZuckerman.Heinterviewedandtookphotosoffiftyover-sixty-five-year-oldsallovertheworlD.Hisprojectexploresvariousaspectsoftheirlives.ThephotosandinterviewsarenowavailableonourwebsitE.Clickontheintroductionstoreadthecompleteinterviews.LetusnowhaveacultureofpeacE.—FedericoMayorZaragozaSpainFedericoMayorZaragozaobtainedadoctorateinpharmacy药学fromtheCompluteneUniversityofMadridin1958.AftermanyyearsspentinpoliticshebecameDirector-GeneralofUNESCOin1987.In1999hecreatedtheFoundationforaCultureofPeaceofwhichheisnowthepresident.Inadditiontomanyscientificpublicationshehaspublishedfourcollectionsofpoemsandseveralbooksofessays.Writingisadiscovery.—NadineGordimerSouthAfricaDuetoaweakheartNadineGordimerattendedschoolanduniversitybriefly.ShereadwidelyandbeganwritingatanearlyagE.Shepublishedherfirstshortstoryattheageoffifteenandhascompletedalargenumberofworkswhichhavebeentranslatedintofortylanguages.In1991GordimerwontheNobelPrizeforLiteraturE.Jazzisabouttheonlyformofarttoday.—DaveBrubeckUSADaveBrubeckstudiedmusicattheUniversityofthePacificandgraduatedin1942.AfterWorldWarTwohewasencouragedtoplayjazz.In1951herecordedhisfirstalbum专辑.Brubeck’s1959albumhasbecomeajazzstandarD.HereceivedaGrammyLifetimeAchievementAwardin1996.FormorefiguresCLICKHERE.29.WhydidAndrewZuckermanchoosethefiftyeldersforhisproject?A.Becausetheiraccomplishmentsinspiredhim.B.BecausetheyarephysicallyimpressivE.C.Becausetheirwisdomdeservestobepassedon.D.Becausetheyhavesimilarexperiences.30.AccordingtothewebpageFedericoMayorZaragoza.A.haswonmanyawardsforhisworkinpoliticsB.hasservedasthepresidentofauniversityC.hasdevotedallhislifetothefieldofscienceD.hasmadeachievementsindifferentareas31.WhomostprobablysaidMyeducationhasbeenthelibraryandbooksintheinterviewwhenreflectingonhis/herexperience?A.AndrewZuckerman.B.FedericoMayorZaragozA.C.NadineGordimer.D.DaveBrubeck.32.Whatisthemainpurposeofthiswebpage?A.TopublicizeZuckerman’sproject.B.ToshowZuckerman’sawards.C.TospreadthewisdomofthethreepeoplE.D.TocelebratetheachievementsofthethreepeoplE.
Planningtogotoagym?Ifyouareoneofthosewhospentmanydaysplanningtojoinagymortoattenditregularlythenwhynotchoosesomehomeexercise?Herearesomehomeexerciseswithoutequipment.JumpingjacksThisoneisthebesthomeworkoutwithoutweightswhichisagreatexercisethatwillworkyourhandsandlegs.Performthisexercisebystandingwithyourfeetplacedtogetherandarmsatyoursides.Nowtuckinyourabs收腹andjumpbybendinginyourknees.Atthesametimemoveyourfeetapartasmuchasyoucanandraiseyourhandstobringinlinewithyourshoulder.Whileyoucomebackyoumustbeinastartingpositionfeettogetherhandsatsidesandkneesbent.Youmustlandonyourheelsandagainjump.JoggingJoggingisoneofthebesthomeexerciseswithoutweights.Youdon’tneedtohavealawnorjoggingtrackathometoperformthisexercisE.Therearemanybenefitsofjogging.Itwillworkyourentirelegs.Moreoveritisaclassiccardiovascular心血管workout.Makesureyouwearjoggingfootwearevenifyouarejoggingathometoavoidanystressonyourfeet.AlsoyoucangraduallyincreasethejoggingtimeandspeeD.Rotating旋转exerciseStartbyrotatingyourwristsclockwise顺时针地andanticlockwisE.Nowalternatelyrotateyourfeetinthesamefashion.NowplacebothyourhandsontheshoulderandstartrotatingyourshoulderclockwiseandanticlockwisE.Placeanexercisematandlieflatonyourback.Nowliftyourleftlegandrotateitclockwise;donotbendyouknees.NowresttheleftlegliftyourrightlegandrotateitanticlockwisE.Itisnecessarytosetaperfectmoodforexercisewhichwillhelpyousticktotheexerciseroutineandexcitement.MakesureyouwearproperexerciseclothestoperformtheworkoutwitheasE.Alsoputtingonyourfavoritemusicwillmakeyourexercisesessionmorelively.Ifyougetboredwithexercisesjustdanceafterallit’salsooneofthebesthomeexercises.29.Tocarryoutjumpingjackseffectivelyyou________.A.needtokeepyourtwofeetapartatfirst.B.muststandstraightfirstandbendyourabs.C.mustuseyourarmstosupportyourbody.D.needtouseyourheelstotouchthegrounD.30.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A.YoumayexerciseyourbodyentirelybyjoggingathomE.B.Itmaydoharmtoyourfeettojogathomewithoutshoes.C.You’dbetterchooseaspaceasthejoggingtrackathomE.D.Youmuststicktoafixedtimeandspeedwhilejogging.31.Whatistherightorderofyourbodypartsduringrotationexercise?A.hands—legs---back----legs.B.wrists—hands---feet---shouldersC.wrists---feet---shoulders---legsD.hands---shoulders---knees---legs32.Tocarryouthomeexercisescontinuouslyyouneed________.A.agoodatmospherE.B.agoodcoach.C.adanceteacherD.agoodtimer.
AirpollutionsuchashazehasbecomeaseriousproblemaroundtheworlD.Besideswearingamaskwhatelsecanwedotoprotectourselvesfromthedirtyair?Scientistshavedevelopedanewinhaler吸入剂thatcanreducetheeffectairpollutionhasonpeoplE.ItcouldhelpmillionsofpeoplewhoaresufferingfromairpollutiontheGuardianreports.ThisinhalerisdevelopedbyGermancompanyBitopandcontainsamolecule分子namedEctoinE.Themoleculecreatesalayer涂层thatprotectslungsfrompollutedair.It’sreportedthattheinhalerwillbeaffordabletomostpeoplewhenitcomestothemarket.Airpollutionkillsmorethanthreemillionpeopleayearworldwideandleadstohealthproblemslikelungandheartdiseaseandstrokesaccordingtoa2016researchprojectinthejournalNaturE.Itisalsolinkedtobraindiseasementalillnessanddiabetes糖尿病.AndreasBilsteinatBitopbelievedthattheinhalercouldbeusefularoundtheworldbecauseairpollutionisnotjustaEuropeanproblem:EspeciallyinAsia－Chinainparticular－thedemandforsuchaproductisevenhigher.ManyChinesecitieshavebeensufferingfromhazE.AccordingtoWorldHealthOrganizationtwoofthe10mostpollutedcitiesintheworldin2015wereinChinA.About800000deathsthatarelinkedtoairpollutiontakeplaceinthecountryeveryyear.HoweversuchinhalersshouldneverbeanexcusefornottryingtostopairpollutionsaidProfessorJeanKrutmannattheLeibnizResearchInstituteforEnvironmentalMedicinE.Thebestthingisthatwehavecleanairandwedon’tneedanyprophylactic预防性的treatmenthesaiD.28.Whatisthenewinhaler?A.Itcanhelpprotecttheenvironment.B.Itcanhelpusreducetheharmofairpollution.C.Itcansolvetheairpollutionproblem.D.Itcanmakethedirtyairclean.29.Fromthethirdparagraphwelearnthat______.A.theinhalercomesfromaUScompanyB.theinhalerisnamedEctoineC.amoleculeintheinhalerformsalayeronlungsD.theinhaler’spricewillnotbetoohighformostpeople30.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.AirpollutionkillsmillionsofpeopleayearworldwidE.B.Airpollutioncancausementalillness.C.TherearenoairpollutionproblemsinEuropE.D.AirpollutionisaseriousprobleminChinA.31.WhichisProfessorJeanKrutmann’sopinion?A.SuchinhalersmeanmuchtopeoplE.B.Weshouldtakeactiontocontrolairpollution.C.Wecandependoninhalerstosolveairpollutionproblems.D.We’dbetterproducemoremedicinestotreatlungdiseases.
Thedarkchocolateisoneofthefavouritefoodchoicesbymany.Thetasteissimplyirresistible不可抵抗的thesmellisinvitingandthefeelofeverybiteissurelywhatyouarelongingfor.Apartfromthetasteyousimplycannotresistitbecauseithasalotofbenefitswhenitcomestoyourhealth.Ourhealthisourpriority首要事情whenitcomestothechoiceofourfoods.Ifyouworrythatthechocolateisbadforyourhealththenhereisalistoftheeffectsofdarkchocolatetohealthespeciallywhentakenwiththerightamounteveryday.Firstofallitcontainsacomponentcalledfalconoid类黄铜whichactsasanantioxidant抗氧化剂.Theantioxidantsfightthecommonsignsofaging.Theantioxidantsarealsogoodfortheheart.Studieshaveshownthatpeoplewhoatefoodsrichinantioxidantshavelowriskofheartdiseases.Inadditiontotheanti-agingandhealthyheartbenefitsthedarkchocolatecanalsolowerbloodpressureandreducebadcholesterol胆固醇toashighas10%.Loweringofbloodpressureinpatientsofhighbloodlevelisgoodbecauseitwilllowertherisksofstrokeandcertainhealthcrisis.Lowlevelsofbloodcholesterolarealsogoodfortheheartandtakeawaytheriskofbloodvesselswhichmayhardenfortoomuchcholesterolinthem.Lastlydoyouknowthefeelingofbeingoverjoyedafterjogging?Thisfeelingislikeextremehappiness.Darkchocolateswillgiveyouthefeelingofpleasureandhappiness.Ifyouarefeelingthattheworldhasturnedagainstyouthenachocolatecanbeamoodlifter.Itcanhelpfightdepression.UsuallywhenwefeelsobadwewouldcravetoeatmorefooD.Ifyouarelookingforsomethingtoeatduringyourbadmomentstrytotakeabitefromadarkchocolateandfeelgoodsomehowafterit.Thesearecommonlytheeffectsofchocolatestohealth.Itcanbenefityouespeciallyiftakeninmoderateamounts.Approximately100gramsofchocolateorlessadayisalreadyenoughaccordingtostudies.Ifyouhavetakentoomuchtrytolessenonyourothermealsfortheday.Itisallaboutnutritionandtakingtherightamountoffoodinordertogetthehealthbenefitsthatitcanprovideforyou.33.Whatdoweconsidermostimportantwhenchoosingourfoods?A.OurtastE.B.Ourhealth.C.Thevarietyoffoods.D.Thesourceoffoods.34.TheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3suggeststhatdarkchocolates___________.A.arethebestchoicesfortheagedB.areusuallyusedasanantioxidantC.cankeepyoustayyoungforeverD.canmakeyoulookyoungerthanyourrealage35.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph5?A.IfyouaredepresseddarkchocolatewillmakeyoudelighteD.B.Ifyouarefeelingbadyouwillbeeagertoeatdarkchocolates.C.IfyoueatsomedarkchocolatesyouwillgetoverjoyeD.D.Ifyouarehungrythebestfoodisdarkchocolates.
Howtoprotectchildrenwebfansfromunsuitablematerials材料on-linewhileencouragingthemtousetheInternethaslongbeendiscussedintheUS.ForsometimetheInternetseemslikeaforestfilledwithdangerforchildren.Butforestshavewondersaswellasdangersandwithgoodguidessomeeducationandafewprecautions预防措施thewildsoftheInternetcanbesafelynavigated航行.Childrenhavetobeon-linE.Ifwetellourchildrentheycan’thavechancestotheInternetwe’recuttingthemofffromtheirfuturesaidanexpert.Mostchildrenhavestartedtousesearchengines.ManyofthemaregreatforfindinglotsofinterestingInternetsitesandtheycanalsogotoplaceswhereyoumightnotwantthemtogo.Therearesuchenginesmadejustforchildren.A.certainsoftware软件containsonlysitesthathavebeenselectedassafE.Themostpopularwaytolimitchanceswouldbetousewhatisknownasacontentscreener过滤器.Butthiscan’tbewhollysafeandthebestthingparentscandoistotalktotheirkidsandletthemknowwhatisOKornotOKtoseeordoontheInternet.AnotherwayisthatmumordadisnearbywhenthechildissurfingtheInternet.Afewothertips:1Don’tputthePCinachild’sroombutkeepitinaplacewheremumordadcankeepaneyeonthings.ThatalsomakestheInternetmoreofafamilyactivity.2Askyourchildnottogiveon-linestrangerspersonalinformationespeciallylikeaddressandphonenumber.3Tellyourchildrennevertotalktoanyonetheymeeton-lineoverthephonesendthemanythingacceptanythingfromthemoragreetomeetwiththemunlessyougoalong.67.Whatisthemainsubjectaboutthepassage?A.Fightingagainstchildrenon-linE.B.InternetinAmericA.C.Americanchildrengoingon-linE.D.Children’swebsites.68.Whatisthebestwaytoprotectchildrenfromimpropermaterial?A.Totalktochildrenandpersuadethemtotellrightfromwrong.B.TobenearbywhentheyaresurfingtheInternet.C.Tofixacontentscreeneronthecomputer.D.Tobuysomesearchenginesforchildren.69.Whichofthefollowingisrightaccordingtothepassage?A.SurfingtheInternetisthebestwayofeducatingchildren.B.UsingacontentscreenerissafeforstoppingchildrenhavingchancestotheInternet.C.Searchingenginescanstopchildrenfromreadingmaterialsunfitforthem.D.Children’snothavingchancestotheInternetmayhaveeffecton影响theirprogress.70.AccordingtothepassagewecaninferthatA.thewriterdoesn’tencouragechildrentosurftheInternetB.theInternethasalotofharmfulsitesC.theInternetisaforestfullofdangerD.achildwhoison-lineisindanger
Twonewstudiessuggestthatmodernrunningshoescouldincreasetheriskofinjuriestorunners.Onestudyinvolvedsixty-eighthealthyyoungwomenandmenwhoranatleasttwenty-fourkilometersaweek.Therunnerswereobservedonatreadmillmachine跑步机.Sometimestheyworerunningshoes.Othertimestheyranbarefoot赤脚.ResearchersfromtheJKMTechnologiescompanyinVirginiatheUniversityofVirginiaandtheUniversityofColoradodidthestudy.Theyfoundthatrunningshoescreatemorestressthatcoulddamagekneeshipsandanklejointsthanrunningbarefoot.Theyobservedthattheeffectwasevengreaterthantheeffectreportedearlierforwalkinginhighheels.ThestudyappearedintheofficialscientificjournalofTheAmericanAcademyofPhysicalMedicine.TheotherstudyappearedinthejournalNature.ItcomparedrunnersintheUnitedStatesandKenyA.TheresearcherswerefromHarvardUniversityinMassachusettsMoiUniversityinKenyaandtheUniversityofGlasgowinScotlanD.Theydividedtherunnersintothreegroups.Onegrouphadalwaysrunshoeless.Anothergrouphadalwaysrunwithshoes.Andthethirdgrouphadchangedtoshoelessrunning.Runnerswhowearshoesusuallycomedownheelfirst.Thatputsgreatforceonthebackofthefoot.Butthestudyfoundthatbarefootrunnersgenerallylandonthefrontormiddleoftheirfoot.Thatwaytheyeaseintotheirlandingandavoidstrikingtheirheel.Harvard’sDanielLiebermanledthestudy.Hesaysthewaymostrunningshoesaredesignedmayexplainwhythosewhowearthemlandontheirheels.Theheeloftheshoeisbiggerandheavierthanotherpartsoftheshoesoitwouldseemmorelikelytocomedownfirst.Alsotheheelgenerallyhasthickmaterialunderittosoftenlandings.Buttheresearchersdonotsuggestthatrunnersimmediatelystartrunningbarefoot.Theysayittakessometraining.AndtherecanberiskslikerunningwhenyourfeetaretoocoldtofeelifyougetinjureD.ThestudywaspartlysupportedbyVibramwhichmakesakindoffootwearthatitsaysislikerunningbarefoot.Thefindingshavegottenalotofattention.Buttheresearcherssaytherearemanyproblemsinthewaythepresshasreportedintheirpaper.SotheyhavetriedtoexplaintheirfindingsonaHarvardWebsitE.57.Whichpartofourbodycouldbeinjuredifweruninrunningshoes?A.Toes.B.Hips.C.Feet.D.Legs.58.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thewaythatwerunbylandingonthefrontormiddleofourfootcouldavoiddamagingourheel.B.WeshouldstartrunningbarefootinnotimE.C.Runninginmodernrunningshoescouldcausemoreseriouseffectsthanrunninginhighheels.D.Wewon’tbeinjuredifwerunbarefoot.59.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardstheuseofthemodernrunningshoes?A.PersuasivE.B.NegativE.C.ObjectivE.D.Supportive60.Inwhichsectionofthenewspapercanyoumostprobablyreadthearticle?A.Business.B.SciencE.C.Health.D.Entertainment.
TheInternetplaysabigpartinhumanlifE.Weuseitforworkandentertainment.WecanfindnewrecipesontheInternetoradviceonstayinghealthy.WecanevenuseittolearnanewlanguagE.WecanusetheInternettokeepincontactwithfamilyandfriendsandstayintouchwithissueswecareabout.Thelistgoesonandon.SotheremaybenogoingbacktoanInternet-freelifE.ButcanusingtheInternettoomuchbebadforourhealth?Itmightbesayresearchers.A.newstudyfindsthatheavyInternetusemaybeconnectedtohighbloodpressureinanunlikelygroup---teenagers.Sotrytobearesponsibleguardian监护人.Thestudyresultsshowthatteenswhospendatleast14hoursaweekonlineweremorelikelytohavehighbloodpressurE.HighbloodpressuremakesyourheartandbloodvesselsworktooharD.OvertimethisextrastrainincreasesyourriskofaheartattackorstrokE.HighbloodpressurecanalsocauseheartandkidneydiseasE.Itisalsocloselylinkedtosomeformofdementia痴呆orabraindiseasE.TheHenryFordHospitalinDetroitMichigandidthestudy.Itinvolved335youngpeoplefrom14to17yearsolD.Onehundredthirty-fouroftheteensweredescribedasheavyInternetusers.ResearcherssaythestudyisthefirstonetoconnectheavywebusewithhighbloodpressurE.OtherresearchhasconnectedthatheavyInternetusewithhealthproblemsincludinganxietydepressionandobesity.TheleadresearcherofthestudyisAndreaCassidy-Bushrow.ForthepurposeofthestudysheexplainsteensconsideredheavyInternetuserswereonlineonaverage25hoursaweek.Itisimportantforteenstotakeregularbreaksfromtheircomputersorsmartphonesandtodosomekindofphysicalactivity.Shealsosuggeststhatparentslimittheirchildren’suseoftheInternettotwohoursadayfivedaysaweek.TheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionCDCsays70millionor29%ofAmericanadultshavehighbloodpressurE.TheCDCestimatesthathighbloodpressurecoststheUnitedStates＄46billioneachyear.28.Theauthormainlywantstotellus______.A.howtopreventhighbloodpressurE.B.toomuchInternetusemaybebadforteenagers.C.it’snecessaryforteenagerstoavoidtheInternet.D.heavyInternetusewillworsenteenagers’memory.29.Thefirstparagraphofthetextisusedto______.A.introducethetopicB.analyzethecausesC.offersomeopinionsD.makesomesuggestions.30.AccordingtoCasssidy-Bushrowteenagers’useoftheInternetshouldbelimitedto_____.A.25hoursaweekB.twohoursaweekC.tenhoursaweekD.fivehoursaweek31.Thetextismainlyintendedfor_______.A.parentsB.teachersC.web-designersD.students
Dolphinsarenotfishbutwarm-bloodedanimals.TheyliveingroupsandspeaktoeachotherintheirownlanguagE.Inthiswaytheyarelikeotheranimalssuchasbeesandbirds.Butdolphinsareverydifferentfromalmostalllandanimals.Theirbrainisnearlythesamesizeasourownandtheylivealongtime—atleasttwentyorthirtyyears.LikesomeanimalsdolphinsusesoundtohelpthemfindtheirwayarounD.TheyalsomakethesesoundstotalktoeachotherandtohelpthemfindfooD.Wenowknowtheydonotusetheirearstoreceivethesesoundsbutthelowerpartofthemouthcalledthejaw.Strangelydolphinsseemtolikemanandforthousandsofyearstherehavebeenstoriesaboutthedolphinanditsfriendshipwithhumanbeings.Thereisastoryaboutsailorsinthe19thcentury.InadangerouspartoftheseaoffthecoastofNewZealandtheylearnttolookforadolphincalledJack.From1871to1903Jackmeteveryboatintheareaandshowedittheway.Thenin1903apassengeronaboatcalledThePenguinshotandwoundedJack.Herecoveredandfornineyearsmorecontinuedtoguideallshipsthroughthearea－exceptforThePenguin.Todaysomepeoplecontinuetokilldolphinsbutmanycountriesoftheworldnowprotectthemandintheseplacesitisagainstthelawtokillthem.25.BytellingthestoryofJacktheauthorwantedtoshowthat__________.A.peoplearecrueltoanimalsB.dolphinsarefriendlyandcleverC.JackisdifferentfromotherdolphinsD.dolphinsshouldbeprotectedbylaw26.Dolphinsaredifferentfrommanyotheranimalsinthatthey__________.A.liveingroupsB.havetheirownlanguageC.arewarm-bloodedD.havelargebrains27.Whichofthefollowingdoesthedolphinusetohelpitfinditswayaround?A.Itsmouth.B.Itsears.C.ItsnosE.D.Itseyes.28.WhydidthesailorsoffthecoastofNewZealandlookforJack?A.Theywantedhishelp.B.Theyenjoyedplayingwithhim.C.HewasseriouslywoundeD.D.Hewaslonelyandlikedtobewithpeople
Werewolves狼人aren’ttheonlycreaturesaffectedbythemoon’scycles周期.A.fullmoonalsoaffectspeople’ssleepmoreorlessreportsaSwissteamofscientists.Evenpeoplewhosleepinalabwithoutwindowscouldreducetheirsleepingtimealittleonceamonth.Totestthemoon’sinfluence33adultsofbothsexesandagesofmanykindsspentseveralnightsinasleeplaB.Astheysleptresearchersrecordedtheirbrainactivityeyemovementsandhormonelevels荷尔蒙水平.Onnightsclosertoafullmoonthesleeperstookanaverageoffiveminuteslongertofallasleepandsleptfor20minutesless.Inadditionbrainactivityfellby30percentduringthesleep.Andhormonelevelsthathelpcontrolsleepcycleswentdown.Onthesenightsthesleeperscomplainedtheycouldn’tsleepwelleventhoughtheydidn’tknowthemoon’scyclE.Onthebrightsidenosleeperturnedintoawerewolf.TheSwissteamdoesn’tknowhowthemoonaffectssleep.Thegravity重力ofthemooncausesoceantides潮汐toriseandfall.ButthatforceistooweaktoaffectsleepGajochensays.Hebelievedsomebody’sbiologicalclockmaybeaffectedbythemooncycles.TheremaybeanotherreasonsaysDavidDinges.ThissleepresearcherattheUniversityOfPennsylvaniainPhiladelphiasaysthatthebodyclockisverysensitive敏感的tolightatnight.ThosesleeperscouldhavebeenaffectedbyhavingtoomuchmoonlightbeforearrivingatthelaB.25.Thewritermentionedwerewolvesinthefirstparagraphto________.A.showtherearethemoon’scyclesB.attractpeople’sattentiontothereportC.introduceacreaturetoreadersD.askpeoplenottosleepaloneinthelab25.Whathappenedtothesleepersduringtheexperimentonafullmoon?A.Theysleptforaboutfiveminuteslonger.B.Theycouldonlysleepfor20minutes.C.TheirbrainswerenotasactiveastheywereD.Theycomplainedtheyweretootiredtosleep.27.Thelastparagraphisdevelopedmainlyby________.A.analyzing分析reasonsB.explainingdifferencesC.makingcomparisonsD.followingthetimeorder28.Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.thesleepingproblemscausedbythemoon’scyclesB.theinfluenceofthemoononhumansleepinghabitsC.themoon’sinfluenceonsleepinganditspossiblereasonsD.thewaystogetabettersleeponafullmoonnight
Securityguardtruckdriversalesperson---yearafteryearthesejobsappearonlistsoftheunhappiestcareers.Althoughmanyfactorscanmakeajobunhappyunusualhourslowpaynochanceforadvancement---thesethreegigsstandoutforanotherreason:alackofsmalltalk.Psychologistshavelongsaidthatconnectingwithothersiscentraltowell-beingbutjusthowmuchconversationwerequireisunderinvestigation.Inonestudyresearcherseavesdropped窃听onundergraduatesforfourdaysthencatalogedeachoverheardconversationaseithersmalltalkWhatdoyouhavethere?Popcorn?Yummy!orseriousSodidtheygetdivorcedsoonafter?.Theyfoundthatthesecondtyperelatedwithhappiness---thehappieststudentshadroughlytwiceasmanyserioustalksastheunhappiestones.Smalltalkmeanwhilemadeuponly10percentoftheirconversationversusalmost30percentofconversationamongtheleastcontentstudents.Howeverdon'tjustconsiderchatworthlessyet.Scientistsbelievethatsmalltalkcouldpromotelinking.Chattingwithstrangerscouldbrightenyourmorning.InaseriesofexperimentspsychologistsgaveChicagotravelersvaryingdirectionsaboutwhethertotalkwithfellowtrainpassengerssomethingtheytypicallyavoideD.ThosetoldtochatwithothersreportedamorepleasantjourneythanthosetoldtoenjoyyourbeingaloneortodowhatevertheynormallywoulD.NoneofthechattersreportedbeingrejecteD.Andtheresultsheldforintroverts内向者andextroverts外向者alikewhichmakessensesinceactingextrovertedhasapositiveeffectonintroverts.Smalltalkcanalsohelpusfeelconnectedtooursurroundings.PeoplewhosmiledatmadeeyecontactwithandbrieflyspokewiththeirStarbucksreportedagreatersenseofbelongingthanthosewhorushedthroughthebusiness.SimilarlyonenotyetpublishedpaperfoundthatwhenvolunteersbrokethesilenceoftheTateModerntochatwithgallerygoersthevisitorsfelthappierandmoreconnectedtotheexhibitthanthosewhowerenotapproacheD.Sogoaheadpry.Chitchatneedn’tbeidlE.Andnosinessisn’tallbaD.25.Theauthorattributestheunhappinessfeltbysecurityguardstruckdriversandsalespeopleto______.A.unusualhoursandlowpayB.alackofsmalltalkC.nochanceforadvancementD.anabsenceofseriousconversation26Whatwastheconclusionofthestudymentionedinthesecondparagraph?A.Connectingwithothersiscentraltoourwell-beingB.Werequire30minutesofconversationeverydaytobehappyC.seriousconversationislinkedtohappinessD.smalltalkcannothelpmakeusfeelhappy27TheauthorusedtheTateModernexampletodemonstratethat____A.connectingwithothersiskeytoourhappinessB.unseriousconversationcouldpromotebondingC.smalltalkcanhelpusfeelconnectedtooursurroundingsD.smilingcanhelppeoplegainagreatsenseofbelonging28.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?
Beerseldomlastslongandsometimesthereiscanorbottleleftoverafteraparty.Whenthisoccurstheleftovercanbeusedinavarietyofways.manyofwhichmostpeoplewouldneverthinkof.Beerisasurprisinglygoodwoodfurniturepolish.Letacanofbeergocompletelystale不新鲜andpouralittleontoasoftcloth.Polishyourfurniturewiththeclothandfollowupwithadrycloth.Youwillbeamazedathowshinyyourfurniturewillenduplooking.Theslug蛞蝓虫isaterriblepestinthegardenparticularlyifyouaregrowingplantsforeating.Insteadofusingchemicalsonyourvegetablesburyasmallcupinthegardenandpourfreshbeerinit.Theslugswillbeattractedtothesmellgetdrunkanddrown.Besuretorefreshthebeerdailyandyouwouldhaveacupfullofslugsandhealthylookingcabbages.BeesarealsoattractedbythesmellofbeersotryputtingafewopenbeercansaroundtheyardatyourBBQandyoucanenjoyBBQinanature-likegarden.Obviouslyyoushouldputthecansawayfromwherepeoplewillbesittingorstandingandmakesuredialnoonedecidestodrinkfromoneofthecanswhentheyarcdrunk—itwillresultinaveryunpleasantsituation.Beerisalsoanexcellentskinconditioner.IfyouwanttohavealongbathpouragoodcanofdarkbeerintothewaterinadvancE.Thisisanicesubstitutetosaltwhichsoftenswater.Alsoifyouhaveastomachupset.slowlydrinkingacanofbeercanhelptosettleitdown.Thealcoholinthebeercanhelptoeasethepain.28.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthat_.A.beercanalongqualityguaranteeperiodB.peopleoftenmakeleftoverwhendrinkingbeerC.mostpeopleignoretheuseofthebeerleftoverD.beercansorbottlescanherecycledinmanyways29.Takingtheexampleofthetwoinsectstheauthortriestotellus_.A.someinsectspreferthesmelloffreshbeerB.thebeerinopencanscanbemoreattractivetoinsectsC.slugsandbeescanbeharmfultopicnickersD.pouringsomebeeronplantscandriveinsectsaway30.Theauthorbelievesthatdarkbeercan_A.helpsoftenwaterB.beusedtoreplacesaltC.preventstomachachehappeningD.easethepainafterdrinkingalcohol31.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.Polishyourfurniturewithbeer.B.Improveyourgardenwithbeer.C.Trytodrinkbeerinahealthyway.D.Learntomakethemostofbeer.
Atelescope望远镜calledGaiaisbeingdesignedbyastronomersinEuropeanditcouldn’tbemoredifferentfromPan-STARRSwhichisanothertelescopebeingdesigneD.WhilePan-STARRSwillbelookingforasteroids小行星andcometsheadedforEarthGaiawillbelookingatourentiregalaxy银河系.GaiaisdesignedtodrawamapoftheMilkyWayourhomegalaxy.JustasamapofyourtowngivesyouapictureofwherethingsarelocatedGaia’smapofthegalaxywilltellastronomerswherethestarsarE.OverfiveyearsGaiawillobserve观察aboutabillionstarsandotherobjectsinourgalaxy.Eachobjectwillbeobservedabout70times.Gaiawillbesentintospaceconnectedtoarocket.Itcontainstwotelescopeseachfocusedatadifferentangle角度.ThesetwotelescopesactlikeGaia’seyes.Thereasonwhyhumanscanseethingsin3Disthatwehavetwoeyesfocusedonthesameobjectatslightlydifferentangles.ByusingtwotelescopeslikeeyesGaiacanproducethefirst3Dmapofthepositionsofthestarsitviews.Gaiawhichistobesentintospacein2011willbeapowerfultelescopE.IfyouweretouseitonEarthforexampleyoucouldstand600milesawayfromyourbestfriendsandstillgetaclearpictureoftheirhair.Gaiaisoneofmorethanadozentelescopesbeingdesignedbyscientistsrightnow.Thenextgenerationoftelescopeswillrevealnewpartsofouruniversethatwillseemsurprising.Theuniversewithallitsplanetsstarsandotherstrangeobjectsisapuzzlewithpiecesthatwecanseebyusingpowerfultelescopes.1.HowmanydifferentanglescanGaiafocusateachtime?A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.2.ThemaptobedrawnbyGaia______.A.canshoweverybuildingonEarthB.canshowyouwhereyourtownisC.willjustshowthestarsaroundEarthD.willshowwherethestarsareinourhomegalaxy3.What’sParagraph4mainlyabout?A.WhatGaiawilldoinspacE.B.WhenGaiawillstarttowork.C.HowpowerfulGaiawillbE.D.WhatGaiawilldotoEarth.4.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphsuggeststhatthenextgenerationoftelescopes___.A.seemverysurprisingtoscientistsB.willnotbeputintouseinashorttimeC.willjustlookatnewthingsinuniverseD.willbemorepowerfulthantheoldgenerations
NowaroboticistattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniainLosAngeles.MajaMatarisisleadingateamthatprogramsmachinescalledsociallyassistiverobots.Matariwantsherteam’srobotstohelppeoplewhohavediseasesorphysicaldisabilities.ForexampleapersonwithAlzheimer’sdiseasewhichcausesproblemswithmemoryandbrainfunctionmightneedhelpwithmentalexercises.A.persontryingtoregaintheuseofanarmafterastrokemightneedencouragementtokeepdoinghelpfulexercises.Becausetherearenotenoughpeopletoprovideallofthehelpthat’sneededMatarisaysTechnologyhastostepin.InonestudyMatari’steamtestedarobotwithpeoplerecoveringfromastrokE.A.strokeiscausedbyabrokenbloodvesselinthebrainorabloodclotthatpreventsbloodfromflowingtothebrainSmallregionsofcellsdieduringastrokE.SoafterwardpartofthebodylikeanarmmaybecomeweakornumB.A.patienthastokeepexercisingthatarmtorecover.Thoseexercisescanbedifficultandunpleasanthowever.Matariandhercolleaguesprogrammedaknee-highrobottoaskapatienttoperformanexerciseandtothenmonitorthepatient’smovements.Ifthepersonactivelyusedhisorherarmthisrobotwouldsayencouragingthings.TheteamtestedtherobotwithsixpeopleactuallyrecoveringfromastrokE.Patientstendedtoperformtheirexerciselongerandfollowinstructionsbetterwhentherobotwaspresentthanwithnoprompting.Nexttheresearcherstestedwhethertherobot’spersonallyaffectedhowpeoplerespondedtoit.TherobotcouldbedirectedtomoveinclosespeakloudlyandmakeforcefulstatementssuchasYoucandoit!Othertimestheresearcherswouldprogramtherobottoactmoreshyly.AtthesetimestherobotkeptabitofadistanceandsoftlyofferedgentlesuggestionssuchasIknowit’shardbutrememberit’sforyourowngooD.32.Matariandherteamaredevelopingrobotsthatcouldbeusedwidely.A.inmedicalfieldsB.inlearningandteachingC.insavingpeople’slivesD.inhelpingpeopleoutoftrouble33.BysayingTechnologyhastostepinMatariprobablymeans.A.therobotscantaketheplaceofhumanbeings.B.therobotshavetobeusedtohelpthedisabilitiesC.technologyhasdevelopedrapidlyDtechnologyhasenteredourdailylife34.Accordingtotheteam’sstudytheknee-highrobot.A.couldkeepbloodvesselfrombreakingB.benefitedthepersonwithastokealotC.setagoodexampletotheseriouspatientsD.forcedthepatientstodosometiringthings35.Whycouldunhealthypeoplekeepexercisingforalongertimethanusual?A.Becausetheywereverystrong.B.Becausemovingpencilsinterestedthem.C.Becausetherobotoffereditskindnesstothem.D.Becausetherobot’swordsencouragedthem.
Evenbeforetherewerepeopletherewerecasesofairpollution.Therewereduststorms沙尘暴.VolcanoeseruptedsendingashandpoisonousgasesintotheatmospherE.Whenpeopleappearedonthescene登上历史舞台andbegantheirconquestofnaturetheyalsobegantopollutetheair.Theyclearedlandwhichmadepossibleevenlargerduststorms.Theybuiltcitiesandthesoot煤烟fromtheirhearths灶炉filledtheair.TheRomanauthorSenecawroteinA.D61ofthestink臭味sootandheavyairoftheimperialcity.In1257theQueenofEnglandwasforcedtomoveawayfromthecityofNottinghambecausetheheavysmokewasunbearablE.Theindustrialrevolutionbroughtevenworseairpollution.Coalwasburnedtopowerfactoriesandtoheathomes.SootsmokeandsulfurdioxideSO2filltheair.Thegoodolddays?Notinthefactorytowns.Buttherewerelargeruralareasunaffectedbyairpollution.Withincreasingpopulationtheentireworldisbecomingmoreurban.Itisthehugecitiesthataremostaffectedbyairpollution.ButruralareasarenotunaffecteD.Intheneighborhoodsaroundsmokyfactoriesthereisevidenceofincreasedratesofspontaneousabortion自然流产andofpoorwoolqualityinsheepdecreased减少eggproductionandahighdeathrateinchickens.TrafficpoliceinTokyohavetoweargasmasksandtakeoxygenbreaks-breathingoccasionallyfromtanksofoxygen.SmoginAthensattimeshasforcedfactoryclosingsandtrafficrestrictions.AcidraininCanadaiscausedbyairpollutionintheUnitedStatescontributingtostrained紧张的relationshipsbetweenthetwocountries.SydneyRomeTehran德黑兰AnkaraMexicoCityandmostothermajorcitiesintheworldhavehadfrighteningexperiencesofairpollution.Oneofthetwomajortypesofsmog-consistingofsmokefogsulfurdioxidesulfuringacidH2SO4ashandsoot–iscalledLondonsmog.IndeedthewordsmogisthoughttohaveoriginatedinEnglandin1905asacontraction缩略式ofthewordssmokeandfog.ProbablytheworstcaseofsmoginhistorystartedinLondononThursday4December1952.A.largecoldairmassmovedintothevalleyoftheThamesRiver.A.temperatureinversion倒转逆反placedablanketofwarmairoverthecoldair.Withnightfalladense浓厚的fogandbelow-freezingtemperaturescausedthepeopleofLondontoputcoalintotheirsmallstoves.Millionsofthesefires火炉burnedthroughoutthenightpouringsulfurdioxideandsmokeintotheair.ThenextdayFridaythepeoplecontinuedtoburncoalwhenthetemperatureremainedbelowfreezing.Thefactoriesaddedtheirsmokeandchemicalfumes烟气体totheatmospherE.Saturdaywasadayofdarkness.FortwentymilesaroundLondonnolightcamethroughthesmog.Theairwascoldandstill.AndthecoalfirescontinuedtoburnthroughouttheweekenD.OnMonday8Decembermorethanonehundredpeoplediedofheartattackswhiletryingdesperately拼命地tobreathE.Bythetimeabreeze微风clearedtheaironTuesday9Decembermorethan4000deathshadbeencausedbythesmog.Sootandashcanberemovedbyelectrostaticprecipitators静电吸尘器.UnfortunatelytheyuselargeamountsofelectricityandtheelectricalenergywhichishardlyaffordableformostofushastocomefromsomewherE.Flyashremovedfromtheairhastobeputonthelandorwateralthoughitcouldbeusedinsomeway.Theelimination去除ofsulfurcanbewashedfromfinely细微的pulverized粉末化coaltheprocessisexpensivE.Therearealsoprocessesforchangingdirtycoalintocleanliquidandgaseousfuels.Theseprocessesmayholdpromiseforthefuturebuttheyalsotooexpensivetocompeteeconomicallywithotherfuelsatpresent.Theyalsowasteapartofthecoal’senergy.45.Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?ThetypeandformofpollutionThecauseandeffectofpollutionThesituationandeliminationofpollutionTheconceptandexamplesofpollution46.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?HumanbeingsshouldnothavebeguntheirconquestofnaturE.Humanactivitiescontributemoretopollutionthannaturaldisastersdo.SenecaandQueenofEnglandwerebothover-sensitivetoairpollution.Theindustrialrevolutionwasadisadvantageintermsofairpollution.47.WiththeexampleofdecreasedeggproductioninParagraph3theauthorintendsto_________.explainwhytheworldisbecomingmoreurban.indicatethatheavypollutionalsoexistsinruralareas.Showthatlargecitiesaremostaffectedbyairpollutionprovesmokyfactoriesaremoreaffectedbyairpollution.48.Whatistherightorderaboutthe1952LondonSmog?AbreezeclearedtheairofLondon.ThousandsofpeoplediedTherewasadayofdarknessinLondon.AlargecoldairmasscausedablanketofwarmairoverLondon.Londonpeoplemadecontinuousfiresfromcoaltokeepwarm.A.d-e-c-b-aB.c-e-d-a-bC.d-c-e-b-aD.c-d-e-a-b49.Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttosayinthelasttwoparagraph?Thetechnologytoremoveairpollutionisonlycurrentlyindevelopment.Societymustbepreparedtospendwhateverittakestoeliminateairpollution.AirpollutioncontrolistoocostlytobeachievedatthecurrenttimE.Pollutioncanbecontrolledusingman-madescientifictechniques.50.Itcanbeinferredthatwhenwritingthisarticletheauthorwasinan_____moodaboutthetopiC.A.sympatheticB.optimisticC.desperateD.concerned
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