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Maglev Trains 1 A few countries are using powerful electromagnets to develop high-speed trains, cal...
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MaglevTrains1Afewcountriesareusingpowerfulelectrom
Paragraph 4 _______.
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B
C
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E
F
MaglevTrains1Afewcountriesareusingpowerfulelectrom
10分 A.forceB.overturningC.designedD.featureE
ATrainFloatingOnAirAtrainthatfloatsonair?It'snotma
Paragraph3 _______.
A
B
C
D
E
F
A.TrainFloatingOnAirA.trainthatfloatsonair?It'snot
AtodevelopamaglevtrainrailsystemBToexplainwhymagle
Paragraph 5 ________.
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B
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Theconceptofmaglevtransportationwas______firstpres
the; the
the; /
/; the
/; /
MaglevTrains1Afewcountriesareusingpowerfulelectrom
A.TrainFloatingOnAirA.trainthatfloatsonair?It'snot
A.TrainFloatingOnAirA.trainthatfloatsonair?It'snot
A.TrainFloatingOnAirA.trainthatfloatsonair?It'snot
AtodevelopamaglevtrainrailsystemBToexplainwhymagle
ATrainFloatingOnAirA.trainthatfloatsonair?It’snotm
AtodevelopamaglevtrainrailsystemBToexplainwhymagle
A.TrainFloatingOnAirA.trainthatfloatsonair?It'snot
ThenewmaglevtrainthatconnectsthecityofShanghaiwith
AtodevelopamaglevtrainrailsystemBToexplainwhymagle
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AFather’sDayCardIt’satypicalSnoopycard:cheerfulmessagebrightcolorsthoughalittleyellowandfadednow.ThoughI’vereceivedfanciermoreexpensivecardovertheyearsthisistheonlyoneI’vesaved.Onesummeritspokevolumestome.IreceiveditduringthefirstJuneIfacedasawidowtoraisetwoteenagedaughtersalone.InalltheemotionalconfusionofthissuddensingleparenthoodIwasoverwhelmedwithofallthingsthesimplesthousework:leakytapsoilchangesevenbarbeques烧烤.Thosehadalwaysbeenmyhusband’sjobs.IwasembarrassedeverytimeIhitmythumbwithahammerorcouldn’tgetthelawnmower割草机started.Myuncertainattemptsonlyfueledthefearinsideme:HowcouldIbebothafatherandmothertomygirlsClearlyIlackedthetoolsandskills.Onthisparticularmorningmygirlspushedmeintothelivingroomtoseesomething.Iprayeditwasn’tanotherrepairjob.Thesomethingturnedouttobeanenvelopeandseveralwrappedbundlesonthecarpet.MypuzzlementmusthavebeenplainasIgazedfromthecolorfulpackagestomydaughters’brightfaces.Goahead!Openthem!Theyurged.AsIunwrappedthepackagesIdiscoveredasmallbarbecuegrill烧烤架andallthenecessaryobjectsincludingagreenkitchenglovewithafrogpatternonit.ButwhyIasked.HappyFather’sDay!theyshoutedtogether.Mornsdon’tgetpresentsonFather’sDay.Iprotested.Youforgottoopenthecard.Janereminded.Ipulleditfromtheenvelope.TheresatSnoopyontopofhisdoghousemerrilywishingmeaHappyFather’sDay.Becausethegirlssaidyou’vebeenafatherandmothertous.Whyshouldn’tyouberememberedonFather’sDayAsIfoughtbacktearsIrealizedtheywererightIwantedtobeaprofessionaldadwhohadthelatesttoolsandknewallthetricksofthetrade.Thegirlsonlywantedaparenttheycouldcountontobetheredayafterdayperformingrepeatedlythemaintenancetasksofbasiccareandlove.ThegirlsaregrownnowandtheystillsendmeFather’sDaycardsbutnoneofthosecardsmeansasmuchtomeasthatfirstone.Itssimplemessagetoldmebeingagreatparentdidn’trequireanyspecialtoolsatall--justawillingworker.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutthefirstFather’sDaycard
EasyDeathInancientGreekthetermeuthanatosmeanteasydeath.Todayeuthanasia安乐死generallyreferstomercykillingthevoluntary自愿endingofthelifeofsomeonewhoisterminallyill.Likeabortioneuthanasiahasbecomealegalmedicalandmoralissueoverwhichopinionisdivided.Euthanasiacanbeeitheractiveorpassive.Activeeuthanasiameansthataphysicianorothermedicalpersonneltakesanactionthatwillresultindeathsuchasgivinganoverdoseofdeadlymedicine.Passiveeuthanasiameanslettingapatientdieforlackoftreatmentorstoppingthetreatmentthathasbegun.Examplesofpassiveeuthanasiaincludetakingpatientsoffabreathingmachineorremovingotherlife-supportsystems.Stoppingthefoodsupplyisalsoconsideredpassive.Agooddealofthedebateaboutmercykillingoriginatesfromthedecision-makingprocess.WhodecideswhetherapatientistodieThisissuehasnotbeensolvedlegallyintheUnitedStates.Thematterislefttostatelawwhichusuallyallowsthephysicianinchargetosuggesttheoptionofdeathtoapatient’srelativesespeciallyifthepatientisbraindead.Inanattempttomakedecisionsaboutwhentheirownlivesshouldendseveralterminallyillpatientsintheearly1990susedacontroversialsuicidedevicedevelopedbyDr.JackKevorkiantoendtheirlives.InpartsofEuropethedecision-makingprocesshasbecomeveryflexible.Evenincaseswherethepatientsarenotbraindeadpatientshavebeenputtodeathwithouttheirapprovalattherequestofrelativesoratthesuggestionofphysicians.Manycasesofpassiveeuthanasiainvolveoldpeopleornewborninfants.Theprinciplejustifyingthispracticeisthatsuchindividualshavealifenotworthyoflife.Incountrieswherepassiveeuthanasiaisnotlegalthecourtsystemshaveprovedverytolerantindealingwithmedicalpersonnelwhopracticeit.InJapanforexampleifphysiciansfollowcertainguidelinestheymayactivelycarryoutmercykillingsonhopelesslyillpeople.Courtshavealsobeensomewhattolerantoffriendsorrelativeswhohaveassistedterminallyillpatientstodie.TheprinciplejustifyingpassiveeuthanasiainEuropeisthatterminallyillpatientsare______.
Nobodylikestakingexams;exams51ourownlanguagecanbestressfulenoughbutsomehowexamsinaforeignlanguagealwaysseemto52moreworryandanxiety.Wellthegoodnewsisthatifyou53somesimplestepstakingEnglishlanguageexamscanbereallyquite54Itwon’texactlybefunbutitcertainlyshouldn’tgiveyoutoomanyheadachesor55nights.Ifyouareplanningto56oneofthewell-knownexamssuchasCambridgeFirstCertificateyouwillprobablyfindthatthere’sapreparationcourse57ataschoolnearyou.Cheekthattheschoolhasagood58ofexamsuccessandthattheteacheris59.Itisagoodideatoaskifyouwillbegivenhomeworkand60yourwrittenworkwillbemarkedbyateacher61knowsthelevelofEnglish62bytheexam.Ifyoutake63exampreparationcourseyourteacherwillgiveyoualltheinformationyouneedandyouwillfindthat64inaclasshelpsyoutostudymoreeffectively.Butyouwillstillneedto65alotofworkyourselfafteralltheteachercan’ttaketheexamforyou!
SexChangeSurgeryGuidelinesDraftedChinaissetto51itsfirstclinicalguidelineonsex-changesurgeryaccordingtoanoticeputonthewebsiteoftheMinistryofHealthyesterday.Theministryisnowsoliciting请求publicandprofessionalopinionsonthedraftguideline.Thecomingguidelineaimstoregulateandstandardizesexreassignmentsurgerypartofatreatmentforgenderidentitydisorderintranssexuals变性者.Experts52nearly2000Chinesehaveundergonesex-changesurgerywhile100000to400000arestillconsideringit.Howevernoofficialnumberisavailable.InthedrafttheMOHsets53criteriaforbothsurgicalcandidatesandmedicalinstitutions.Candidatesforthesurgerymustbeolderthan20andsinglethedraftguidelinesaid.Theyarealsorequiredtoproveapersistentdesireforasexchangetoliveforatleastfiveconsecutiveyearsfull-timeinthenewgenderroleandtoengage54mentaltherapyforatleastoneyear.Beforesurgerycantakeplaceacandidatemustreceivearecommendationfortheoperationfroma55afteranappropriateseriesoftherapysessions.Alsoseverallegalrequirements56bemetbeforetheprocedure.Thecandidatemustprovideprooffrompolicethatheorshehasdoesnothaveanycriminaloffensesinthepast.Policemustalsoagreetochangethesexstatusontheidentitycardofthe57receiverbeforetheoperationcantake58.Theadventofsuchaguideline59toshowthatthegovernmentisconcerned60theneedsofarelativelysmall61ofpeoplewhowanttochangesex.Butdoctorsalsowarnthatallstakeholders利益相关者includingthehospitalandprospectivereceiversshouldbehighlycautiousaboutthissurgery.Theoperationismorethanamedicalproceduredue62itshugesocialandlegalconsequences.Doctorsshouldmakeitcleartothose63sex-changesurgeriesthattheoptionalwaysremainstocontinuetoliveintheoriginalrole.Theguidelinerequiressurgeonstotellpatientsaboutotheroptions64hormonetherapy.Theyarealsorequiredtoexplaintherisksinvolvedandunderlyingsocialbarriersincludingdiscriminationandadministrativerecognitionandapproval.Forthecandidatesthesurgeryitselfisnotthebigissue65thelongrun.Therealissueisthekindoflifeheorshewillhavetoleadafterward.
WithimmensereliefIstoppedrunning.
TheWorld’sLongestBridgeRumorhasitthatalegendary传说的six-headedmonsterlurksinthedeepwatersoftheTyrrhenianSeabetweenItalyandtheislandofSicily.46Whencompletedin2010theworld’slongestbridgewillweighnearly300000tons--equivalenttotheicebergthatsanktheTitanic--andstretch5kilometerslong.That’snearly50percentlongerthananyotherbridgeeverbuiltsaysstructuralengineerShaneRixon.47.They’resuspensionbridgesmassivestructuresbuilttospanvastwaterchannelsorgorges峡谷.Asuspensionbridgeneedsjusttwotowerstoshoulderthestructure’smammoth巨大的weightthankstohefty高强度的supportingcablesslungbetweenthetowersandanchoredfirmlyindeeppoolsofcementateachendofthebridge.TheMessinaStraitBridgewillhavetwo54100-tontowerswhichwillsupportmostofthebridge’sload.Thebeefy结实的cablesofthebridgeeach1.2meterindiameterwillholdupthelongestandwidestbridgedeckeverbuilt.WhenconstructionbeginsontheMessinaStraitBridgein2005thefirstjobwillbetoerecttwo370meter-tallsteeltowers.48.Gettingthesecablesupwillbesomething.It’snotjusttheirlength--totally5.3kilometers--buttheirweight.49.Afterloweringverticalsuspendercablesfromthemaincablesbuilderswillerecta60meter-wide54630-tonsteelroadwayordeck--wideenoughtoaccommodate12lanesoftraffic.Thedeck’sweightwillpulldownonthecableswithaforceof70500tons.Inreturnthecablesyank拽upagainsttheirfirmlyrootedanchorswithaforceof139000tons--equivalenttotheweightofabout100000cars.Thoseanchorsareessential.50.A.Someenvironmentalistsareagainsttheprojectonbiologicalgrounds.B.Whatdotheworld’slongestbridgeshaveincommonC.Iftrueonedayyoumightspythebeastwhilezipping呼啸而过acrosstheMessinaStraitBridge.D.They’rewhatwillkeepthebridgefromgoinganywhere.E.Thesecondjobwillbetopulltwosetsofsteelcablesacrossthestraiteachsetbeingabundleof44352individualsteelwires.F.Theywilltipupthescalesat166500tons--morethanhalfthebridge’stotalmass.
A.AtmosphericScientistsB.TheCalculationsMadeattheBerlinWorkshopC.ThePreviousCalculationsoftheEffectofAerosolsD.TheScientists’AgreementE.TheAuthoritativeConclusionF.GreenhouseGasesParagraph4______
FreeConcertsinAmericaSomeofthemostpopularattractionsacrossAmericaarethemanyfreeconcertsofferedtopublicthroughouttheyear.Theseinvolvenotonlyamateurperformershutprofessionalartistsaswell.Thepublicparksofmanycitiesacrossthecountryusuallyhavebandstandsandlargelawns.Asaservicetocitizenstheyrentoutspacetoperformersfreeofcharge.Amateurgroupswithnothingmorethanadesiretoperformoffertheirtalentsfreelytopublic.Semi-professionalartistsarepleasedtogetthechancetoperformbeforethepublictoperfecttheircraftandnurturethehopeofbeingdiscoveredbeforebeginningaprofessionalcareer.Famousprofessionalsalsogivefreeconcertstomakecontactwiththeiradmiringfans.Oftensuchconcertsaresponsoredbyalargecorporateorganizationandofferedtothepublicfreeofchargeasaculturalserviceandsupportforthearts.Thefreeconcertsfeatureallkindsofmusicfromrockandrolljazzcountry-westerntotheclassics.InadditionfreeperformancesmayincludetheplaysofShakespeareorexperimentaltheaterofmodemdramatists.InNewYork’sCentralParktherehaslongbeenasummerShakespearefestivalwhichdrawshugecrowdstothefreeperformances.Oftheseconcertstheonesheldonasummereveningintheparkarethemostpopular.Theytakeonafestiveair.Friendsandgroupsgathertogetherafterworkandspreadoutablanketonthelawnfacingtheperformers’stage.Theearlycomersgetthebestlocationsandenjoyapicnicsupperwhileitisstilldaylight.Thefreeseatingisonafirstcomebasis.Thereforebythetimetheconcertbeginsasmanyasfivethousandormorepeoplemaybeinattendance.Theconcertsusuallybeginat8p.m.andareperformedunderthestars.Thesoundismadesufficientlyloudsothatnomatterwhereonechoosestosithecanhearverywell.Theonlydisturbancemaybethesoundofanoverheadairplaneonitsfinalapproachtoanairportorthefar-offsiren警笛声ofanambulanceonitswaytothehospital.Thismatterslittle!Whatcountsistosoakuptheatmospherecreatedbythemusicandtobewithfriendsinthefreshopenair.Thebestpartofitallisthatit’sfree!ManyAmericanparksgivefreeconcertsontheirlawnsbecausethey______.
Theseideascanbeappliedtothepractice.
MadScientistStereotypeOutdatedDopeoplestillimagineaphysicistasabeardedmaninglassesorhastheimageofthemadscientistchangedTheInstituteofPhysicssetouttofindoutwhetherthestereotypeofaphysicsboffin科学家stillexistsbyconductingasurveyonshoppersinLondon.Thepeoplewereaskedtoidentifythephysicistfromaphotographofaline-upofpossiblesuspects.98percentofthoseaskedgotitwrong.Themajorityofpeoplepickedawhitemaleofaround60wearingglassesandwithawhitebeard.Whilethisstereotypemayhavebeentheimageofanaveragephysicistfiftyyearsagotherealityisnowverydifferent.Since1960thenumberofyoungwomenenteringphysicshasdoubledandtheaverageageofaphysicistisnow31.Thestereotypeoftheabsent-mindedscientisthaslastedalongtimebecausethemediaandHollywoodhelppromotetheimageofmeninwhitelabcoatswithglassessittingbyblackboardsfullofequations等式orworkingwithfizzing嘶嘶响testtubes.Thesestereotypesarereallydamagingtosociety.Verygoodschoolchildrenareputoffstudyingsciencebecausetheydon’tseepeoplelikethemselvesontelevisionorinmagazinesdoingscience.Theysimplydon’trelatetothemedia’simageofthemadscientist.Thisisonereasonwhyfeweryoungpeoplearechoosingtodoscienceatuniversity.Ifwewanttoencouragemoreyoungpeopletostudysciencesubjectsweneedtochangethisimageofthescientistandmakesciencecareersmoreattractive.Butwemustalsodevelopchildren’sinterestinscience.Inanattempttochangethisnegativeimageanincreasingnumberofsciencefestivalsarebeingorganized.ThousandsofpeoplefromsecondaryschoolsarealsoencouragedtotakepartinnationwidesciencecompetitionsofwhichthemostpopulararethenationalscienceOlympiads.WinningnationalteamsthengettheopportunitytotakepartintheInternationalScienceOlympiadswhichareheldinadifferentcountryeveryyear.Theseeventsareallinterestingfortheyoungpeoplewhotakepartbuttheyonlyinvolveasmallproportionofstudentswhoarealreadyinterestedinscience.Itseemsthatthereisalongwaytogobeforesciencebecomesattractiveassubjectslikecomputerstudiesorfashionanddesign.ThemajorityofphysicistsinBritaintodayareCambridgegraduates.
Hisjudgmentisobviouslywrong.
Nobodylikestakingexams;exams51ourownlanguagecanbestressfulenoughbutsomehowexamsinaforeignlanguagealwaysseemto52moreworryandanxiety.Wellthegoodnewsisthatifyou53somesimplestepstakingEnglishlanguageexamscanbereallyquite54Itwon’texactlybefunbutitcertainlyshouldn’tgiveyoutoomanyheadachesor55nights.Ifyouareplanningto56oneofthewell-knownexamssuchasCambridgeFirstCertificateyouwillprobablyfindthatthere’sapreparationcourse57ataschoolnearyou.Cheekthattheschoolhasagood58ofexamsuccessandthattheteacheris59.Itisagoodideatoaskifyouwillbegivenhomeworkand60yourwrittenworkwillbemarkedbyateacher61knowsthelevelofEnglish62bytheexam.Ifyoutake63exampreparationcourseyourteacherwillgiveyoualltheinformationyouneedandyouwillfindthat64inaclasshelpsyoutostudymoreeffectively.Butyouwillstillneedto65alotofworkyourselfafteralltheteachercan’ttaketheexamforyou!
A.willinfluencefutureclimatechangeB.wassomewhatsurprisingC.willriserapidlyD.wasknowntousallE.wasmuchhigherthanhadbeenexpectedF.willdropdramaticallyTheBerlinworkshopconcludedthattherealfigure______.
Johndoesn'tbelieveintraditionalmedicine;hehassomeremediesofhisown.
A.AtmosphericScientistsB.TheCalculationsMadeattheBerlinWorkshopC.ThePreviousCalculationsoftheEffectofAerosolsD.TheScientists’AgreementE.TheAuthoritativeConclusionF.GreenhouseGasesParagraph2______
AFather’sDayCardIt’satypicalSnoopycard:cheerfulmessagebrightcolorsthoughalittleyellowandfadednow.ThoughI’vereceivedfanciermoreexpensivecardovertheyearsthisistheonlyoneI’vesaved.Onesummeritspokevolumestome.IreceiveditduringthefirstJuneIfacedasawidowtoraisetwoteenagedaughtersalone.InalltheemotionalconfusionofthissuddensingleparenthoodIwasoverwhelmedwithofallthingsthesimplesthousework:leakytapsoilchangesevenbarbeques烧烤.Thosehadalwaysbeenmyhusband’sjobs.IwasembarrassedeverytimeIhitmythumbwithahammerorcouldn’tgetthelawnmower割草机started.Myuncertainattemptsonlyfueledthefearinsideme:HowcouldIbebothafatherandmothertomygirlsClearlyIlackedthetoolsandskills.Onthisparticularmorningmygirlspushedmeintothelivingroomtoseesomething.Iprayeditwasn’tanotherrepairjob.Thesomethingturnedouttobeanenvelopeandseveralwrappedbundlesonthecarpet.MypuzzlementmusthavebeenplainasIgazedfromthecolorfulpackagestomydaughters’brightfaces.Goahead!Openthem!Theyurged.AsIunwrappedthepackagesIdiscoveredasmallbarbecuegrill烧烤架andallthenecessaryobjectsincludingagreenkitchenglovewithafrogpatternonit.ButwhyIasked.HappyFather’sDay!theyshoutedtogether.Mornsdon’tgetpresentsonFather’sDay.Iprotested.Youforgottoopenthecard.Janereminded.Ipulleditfromtheenvelope.TheresatSnoopyontopofhisdoghousemerrilywishingmeaHappyFather’sDay.Becausethegirlssaidyou’vebeenafatherandmothertous.Whyshouldn’tyouberememberedonFather’sDayAsIfoughtbacktearsIrealizedtheywererightIwantedtobeaprofessionaldadwhohadthelatesttoolsandknewallthetricksofthetrade.Thegirlsonlywantedaparenttheycouldcountontobetheredayafterdayperformingrepeatedlythemaintenancetasksofbasiccareandlove.ThegirlsaregrownnowandtheystillsendmeFather’sDaycardsbutnoneofthosecardsmeansasmuchtomeasthatfirstone.Itssimplemessagetoldmebeingagreatparentdidn’trequireanyspecialtoolsatall--justawillingworker.ByitspokevolumestomePar
Nobodylikestakingexams;exams51ourownlanguagecanbestressfulenoughbutsomehowexamsinaforeignlanguagealwaysseemto52moreworryandanxiety.Wellthegoodnewsisthatifyou53somesimplestepstakingEnglishlanguageexamscanbereallyquite54Itwon’texactlybefunbutitcertainlyshouldn’tgiveyoutoomanyheadachesor55nights.Ifyouareplanningto56oneofthewell-knownexamssuchasCambridgeFirstCertificateyouwillprobablyfindthatthere’sapreparationcourse57ataschoolnearyou.Cheekthattheschoolhasagood58ofexamsuccessandthattheteacheris59.Itisagoodideatoaskifyouwillbegivenhomeworkand60yourwrittenworkwillbemarkedbyateacher61knowsthelevelofEnglish62bytheexam.Ifyoutake63exampreparationcourseyourteacherwillgiveyoualltheinformationyouneedandyouwillfindthat64inaclasshelpsyoutostudymoreeffectively.Butyouwillstillneedto65alotofworkyourselfafteralltheteachercan’ttaketheexamforyou!
Thestudyhasposedaquestionaboutthisnature.
FreeConcertsinAmericaSomeofthemostpopularattractionsacrossAmericaarethemanyfreeconcertsofferedtopublicthroughouttheyear.Theseinvolvenotonlyamateurperformershutprofessionalartistsaswell.Thepublicparksofmanycitiesacrossthecountryusuallyhavebandstandsandlargelawns.Asaservicetocitizenstheyrentoutspacetoperformersfreeofcharge.Amateurgroupswithnothingmorethanadesiretoperformoffertheirtalentsfreelytopublic.Semi-professionalartistsarepleasedtogetthechancetoperformbeforethepublictoperfecttheircraftandnurturethehopeofbeingdiscoveredbeforebeginningaprofessionalcareer.Famousprofessionalsalsogivefreeconcertstomakecontactwiththeiradmiringfans.Oftensuchconcertsaresponsoredbyalargecorporateorganizationandofferedtothepublicfreeofchargeasaculturalserviceandsupportforthearts.Thefreeconcertsfeatureallkindsofmusicfromrockandrolljazzcountry-westerntotheclassics.InadditionfreeperformancesmayincludetheplaysofShakespeareorexperimentaltheaterofmodemdramatists.InNewYork’sCentralParktherehaslongbeenasummerShakespearefestivalwhichdrawshugecrowdstothefreeperformances.Oftheseconcertstheonesheldonasummereveningintheparkarethemostpopular.Theytakeonafestiveair.Friendsandgroupsgathertogetherafterworkandspreadoutablanketonthelawnfacingtheperformers’stage.Theearlycomersgetthebestlocationsandenjoyapicnicsupperwhileitisstilldaylight.Thefreeseatingisonafirstcomebasis.Thereforebythetimetheconcertbeginsasmanyasfivethousandormorepeoplemaybeinattendance.Theconcertsusuallybeginat8p.m.andareperformedunderthestars.Thesoundismadesufficientlyloudsothatnomatterwhereonechoosestosithecanhearverywell.Theonlydisturbancemaybethesoundofanoverheadairplaneonitsfinalapproachtoanairportorthefar-offsiren警笛声ofanambulanceonitswaytothehospital.Thismatterslittle!Whatcountsistosoakuptheatmospherecreatedbythemusicandtobewithfriendsinthefreshopenair.Thebestpartofitallisthatit’sfree!Thephrasesoakupinthelastparagraphprobablymeans______.
Theconstructionoftherailwayissaidtohavebeenterminated.
Thisistheuniquesolutiontoourproblem.
MadScientistStereotypeOutdatedDopeoplestillimagineaphysicistasabeardedmaninglassesorhastheimageofthemadscientistchangedTheInstituteofPhysicssetouttofindoutwhetherthestereotypeofaphysicsboffin科学家stillexistsbyconductingasurveyonshoppersinLondon.Thepeoplewereaskedtoidentifythephysicistfromaphotographofaline-upofpossiblesuspects.98percentofthoseaskedgotitwrong.Themajorityofpeoplepickedawhitemaleofaround60wearingglassesandwithawhitebeard.Whilethisstereotypemayhavebeentheimageofanaveragephysicistfiftyyearsagotherealityisnowverydifferent.Since1960thenumberofyoungwomenenteringphysicshasdoubledandtheaverageageofaphysicistisnow31.Thestereotypeoftheabsent-mindedscientisthaslastedalongtimebecausethemediaandHollywoodhelppromotetheimageofmeninwhitelabcoatswithglassessittingbyblackboardsfullofequations等式orworkingwithfizzing嘶嘶响testtubes.Thesestereotypesarereallydamagingtosociety.Verygoodschoolchildrenareputoffstudyingsciencebecausetheydon’tseepeoplelikethemselvesontelevisionorinmagazinesdoingscience.Theysimplydon’trelatetothemedia’simageofthemadscientist.Thisisonereasonwhyfeweryoungpeoplearechoosingtodoscienceatuniversity.Ifwewanttoencouragemoreyoungpeopletostudysciencesubjectsweneedtochangethisimageofthescientistandmakesciencecareersmoreattractive.Butwemustalsodevelopchildren’sinterestinscience.Inanattempttochangethisnegativeimageanincreasingnumberofsciencefestivalsarebeingorganized.ThousandsofpeoplefromsecondaryschoolsarealsoencouragedtotakepartinnationwidesciencecompetitionsofwhichthemostpopulararethenationalscienceOlympiads.WinningnationalteamsthengettheopportunitytotakepartintheInternationalScienceOlympiadswhichareheldinadifferentcountryeveryyear.Theseeventsareallinterestingfortheyoungpeoplewhotakepartbuttheyonlyinvolveasmallproportionofstudentswhoarealreadyinterestedinscience.Itseemsthatthereisalongwaytogobeforesciencebecomesattractiveassubjectslikecomputerstudiesorfashionanddesign.Therewillbemorewomenscientiststhanmenscientistsinthefuture.
MadScientistStereotypeOutdatedDopeoplestillimagineaphysicistasabeardedmaninglassesorhastheimageofthemadscientistchangedTheInstituteofPhysicssetouttofindoutwhetherthestereotypeofaphysicsboffin科学家stillexistsbyconductingasurveyonshoppersinLondon.Thepeoplewereaskedtoidentifythephysicistfromaphotographofaline-upofpossiblesuspects.98percentofthoseaskedgotitwrong.Themajorityofpeoplepickedawhitemaleofaround60wearingglassesandwithawhitebeard.Whilethisstereotypemayhavebeentheimageofanaveragephysicistfiftyyearsagotherealityisnowverydifferent.Since1960thenumberofyoungwomenenteringphysicshasdoubledandtheaverageageofaphysicistisnow31.Thestereotypeoftheabsent-mindedscientisthaslastedalongtimebecausethemediaandHollywoodhelppromotetheimageofmeninwhitelabcoatswithglassessittingbyblackboardsfullofequations等式orworkingwithfizzing嘶嘶响testtubes.Thesestereotypesarereallydamagingtosociety.Verygoodschoolchildrenareputoffstudyingsciencebecausetheydon’tseepeoplelikethemselvesontelevisionorinmagazinesdoingscience.Theysimplydon’trelatetothemedia’simageofthemadscientist.Thisisonereasonwhyfeweryoungpeoplearechoosingtodoscienceatuniversity.Ifwewanttoencouragemoreyoungpeopletostudysciencesubjectsweneedtochangethisimageofthescientistandmakesciencecareersmoreattractive.Butwemustalsodevelopchildren’sinterestinscience.Inanattempttochangethisnegativeimageanincreasingnumberofsciencefestivalsarebeingorganized.ThousandsofpeoplefromsecondaryschoolsarealsoencouragedtotakepartinnationwidesciencecompetitionsofwhichthemostpopulararethenationalscienceOlympiads.WinningnationalteamsthengettheopportunitytotakepartintheInternationalScienceOlympiadswhichareheldinadifferentcountryeveryyear.Theseeventsareallinterestingfortheyoungpeoplewhotakepartbuttheyonlyinvolveasmallproportionofstudentswhoarealreadyinterestedinscience.Itseemsthatthereisalongwaytogobeforesciencebecomesattractiveassubjectslikecomputerstudiesorfashionanddesign.Theimageofthemadscientistisreallyencouragingtosociety.
TheWorld’sLongestBridgeRumorhasitthatalegendary传说的six-headedmonsterlurksinthedeepwatersoftheTyrrhenianSeabetweenItalyandtheislandofSicily.46Whencompletedin2010theworld’slongestbridgewillweighnearly300000tons--equivalenttotheicebergthatsanktheTitanic--andstretch5kilometerslong.That’snearly50percentlongerthananyotherbridgeeverbuiltsaysstructuralengineerShaneRixon.47.They’resuspensionbridgesmassivestructuresbuilttospanvastwaterchannelsorgorges峡谷.Asuspensionbridgeneedsjusttwotowerstoshoulderthestructure’smammoth巨大的weightthankstohefty高强度的supportingcablesslungbetweenthetowersandanchoredfirmlyindeeppoolsofcementateachendofthebridge.TheMessinaStraitBridgewillhavetwo54100-tontowerswhichwillsupportmostofthebridge’sload.Thebeefy结实的cablesofthebridgeeach1.2meterindiameterwillholdupthelongestandwidestbridgedeckeverbuilt.WhenconstructionbeginsontheMessinaStraitBridgein2005thefirstjobwillbetoerecttwo370meter-tallsteeltowers.48.Gettingthesecablesupwillbesomething.It’snotjusttheirlength--totally5.3kilometers--buttheirweight.49.Afterloweringverticalsuspendercablesfromthemaincablesbuilderswillerecta60meter-wide54630-tonsteelroadwayordeck--wideenoughtoaccommodate12lanesoftraffic.Thedeck’sweightwillpulldownonthecableswithaforceof70500tons.Inreturnthecablesyank拽upagainsttheirfirmlyrootedanchorswithaforceof139000tons--equivalenttotheweightofabout100000cars.Thoseanchorsareessential.50.A.Someenvironmentalistsareagainsttheprojectonbiologicalgrounds.B.Whatdotheworld’slongestbridgeshaveincommonC.Iftrueonedayyoumightspythebeastwhilezipping呼啸而过acrosstheMessinaStraitBridge.D.They’rewhatwillkeepthebridgefromgoinganywhere.E.Thesecondjobwillbetopulltwosetsofsteelcablesacrossthestraiteachsetbeingabundleof44352individualsteelwires.F.Theywilltipupthescalesat166500tons--morethanhalfthebridge’stotalmass.
Nobodylikestakingexams;exams51ourownlanguagecanbestressfulenoughbutsomehowexamsinaforeignlanguagealwaysseemto52moreworryandanxiety.Wellthegoodnewsisthatifyou53somesimplestepstakingEnglishlanguageexamscanbereallyquite54Itwon’texactlybefunbutitcertainlyshouldn’tgiveyoutoomanyheadachesor55nights.Ifyouareplanningto56oneofthewell-knownexamssuchasCambridgeFirstCertificateyouwillprobablyfindthatthere’sapreparationcourse57ataschoolnearyou.Cheekthattheschoolhasagood58ofexamsuccessandthattheteacheris59.Itisagoodideatoaskifyouwillbegivenhomeworkand60yourwrittenworkwillbemarkedbyateacher61knowsthelevelofEnglish62bytheexam.Ifyoutake63exampreparationcourseyourteacherwillgiveyoualltheinformationyouneedandyouwillfindthat64inaclasshelpsyoutostudymoreeffectively.Butyouwillstillneedto65alotofworkyourselfafteralltheteachercan’ttaketheexamforyou!
FreeConcertsinAmericaSomeofthemostpopularattractionsacrossAmericaarethemanyfreeconcertsofferedtopublicthroughouttheyear.Theseinvolvenotonlyamateurperformershutprofessionalartistsaswell.Thepublicparksofmanycitiesacrossthecountryusuallyhavebandstandsandlargelawns.Asaservicetocitizenstheyrentoutspacetoperformersfreeofcharge.Amateurgroupswithnothingmorethanadesiretoperformoffertheirtalentsfreelytopublic.Semi-professionalartistsarepleasedtogetthechancetoperformbeforethepublictoperfecttheircraftandnurturethehopeofbeingdiscoveredbeforebeginningaprofessionalcareer.Famousprofessionalsalsogivefreeconcertstomakecontactwiththeiradmiringfans.Oftensuchconcertsaresponsoredbyalargecorporateorganizationandofferedtothepublicfreeofchargeasaculturalserviceandsupportforthearts.Thefreeconcertsfeatureallkindsofmusicfromrockandrolljazzcountry-westerntotheclassics.InadditionfreeperformancesmayincludetheplaysofShakespeareorexperimentaltheaterofmodemdramatists.InNewYork’sCentralParktherehaslongbeenasummerShakespearefestivalwhichdrawshugecrowdstothefreeperformances.Oftheseconcertstheonesheldonasummereveningintheparkarethemostpopular.Theytakeonafestiveair.Friendsandgroupsgathertogetherafterworkandspreadoutablanketonthelawnfacingtheperformers’stage.Theearlycomersgetthebestlocationsandenjoyapicnicsupperwhileitisstilldaylight.Thefreeseatingisonafirstcomebasis.Thereforebythetimetheconcertbeginsasmanyasfivethousandormorepeoplemaybeinattendance.Theconcertsusuallybeginat8p.m.andareperformedunderthestars.Thesoundismadesufficientlyloudsothatnomatterwhereonechoosestosithecanhearverywell.Theonlydisturbancemaybethesoundofanoverheadairplaneonitsfinalapproachtoanairportorthefar-offsiren警笛声ofanambulanceonitswaytothehospital.Thismatterslittle!Whatcountsistosoakuptheatmospherecreatedbythemusicandtobewithfriendsinthefreshopenair.Thebestpartofitallisthatit’sfree!Forsemi-professionalartistsperformingbeforethepublicisagoodchance______.
EasyDeathInancientGreekthetermeuthanatosmeanteasydeath.Todayeuthanasia安乐死generallyreferstomercykillingthevoluntary自愿endingofthelifeofsomeonewhoisterminallyill.Likeabortioneuthanasiahasbecomealegalmedicalandmoralissueoverwhichopinionisdivided.Euthanasiacanbeeitheractiveorpassive.Activeeuthanasiameansthataphysicianorothermedicalpersonneltakesanactionthatwillresultindeathsuchasgivinganoverdoseofdeadlymedicine.Passiveeuthanasiameanslettingapatientdieforlackoftreatmentorstoppingthetreatmentthathasbegun.Examplesofpassiveeuthanasiaincludetakingpatientsoffabreathingmachineorremovingotherlife-supportsystems.Stoppingthefoodsupplyisalsoconsideredpassive.Agooddealofthedebateaboutmercykillingoriginatesfromthedecision-makingprocess.WhodecideswhetherapatientistodieThisissuehasnotbeensolvedlegallyintheUnitedStates.Thematterislefttostatelawwhichusuallyallowsthephysicianinchargetosuggesttheoptionofdeathtoapatient’srelativesespeciallyifthepatientisbraindead.Inanattempttomakedecisionsaboutwhentheirownlivesshouldendseveralterminallyillpatientsintheearly1990susedacontroversialsuicidedevicedevelopedbyDr.JackKevorkiantoendtheirlives.InpartsofEuropethedecision-makingprocesshasbecomeveryflexible.Evenincaseswherethepatientsarenotbraindeadpatientshavebeenputtodeathwithouttheirapprovalattherequestofrelativesoratthesuggestionofphysicians.Manycasesofpassiveeuthanasiainvolveoldpeopleornewborninfants.Theprinciplejustifyingthispracticeisthatsuchindividualshavealifenotworthyoflife.Incountrieswherepassiveeuthanasiaisnotlegalthecourtsystemshaveprovedverytolerantindealingwithmedicalpersonnelwhopracticeit.InJapanforexampleifphysiciansfollowcertainguidelinestheymayactivelycarryoutmercykillingsonhopelesslyillpeople.Courtshavealsobeensomewhattolerantoffriendsorrelativeswhohaveassistedterminallyillpatientstodie.Thedifferencebetweenactiveandpassiveeuthanasiaiswhether______.
A.willinfluencefutureclimatechangeB.wassomewhatsurprisingC.willriserapidlyD.wasknowntousallE.wasmuchhigherthanhadbeenexpectedF.willdropdramaticallyWhenthecoverdiminishesinthecomingdecadestemperature______.
AFather’sDayCardIt’satypicalSnoopycard:cheerfulmessagebrightcolorsthoughalittleyellowandfadednow.ThoughI’vereceivedfanciermoreexpensivecardovertheyearsthisistheonlyoneI’vesaved.Onesummeritspokevolumestome.IreceiveditduringthefirstJuneIfacedasawidowtoraisetwoteenagedaughtersalone.InalltheemotionalconfusionofthissuddensingleparenthoodIwasoverwhelmedwithofallthingsthesimplesthousework:leakytapsoilchangesevenbarbeques烧烤.Thosehadalwaysbeenmyhusband’sjobs.IwasembarrassedeverytimeIhitmythumbwithahammerorcouldn’tgetthelawnmower割草机started.Myuncertainattemptsonlyfueledthefearinsideme:HowcouldIbebothafatherandmothertomygirlsClearlyIlackedthetoolsandskills.Onthisparticularmorningmygirlspushedmeintothelivingroomtoseesomething.Iprayeditwasn’tanotherrepairjob.Thesomethingturnedouttobeanenvelopeandseveralwrappedbundlesonthecarpet.MypuzzlementmusthavebeenplainasIgazedfromthecolorfulpackagestomydaughters’brightfaces.Goahead!Openthem!Theyurged.AsIunwrappedthepackagesIdiscoveredasmallbarbecuegrill烧烤架andallthenecessaryobjectsincludingagreenkitchenglovewithafrogpatternonit.ButwhyIasked.HappyFather’sDay!theyshoutedtogether.Mornsdon’tgetpresentsonFather’sDay.Iprotested.Youforgottoopenthecard.Janereminded.Ipulleditfromtheenvelope.TheresatSnoopyontopofhisdoghousemerrilywishingmeaHappyFather’sDay.Becausethegirlssaidyou’vebeenafatherandmothertous.Whyshouldn’tyouberememberedonFather’sDayAsIfoughtbacktearsIrealizedtheywererightIwantedtobeaprofessionaldadwhohadthelatesttoolsandknewallthetricksofthetrade.Thegirlsonlywantedaparenttheycouldcountontobetheredayafterdayperformingrepeatedlythemaintenancetasksofbasiccareandlove.ThegirlsaregrownnowandtheystillsendmeFather’sDaycardsbutnoneofthosecardsmeansasmuchtomeasthatfirstone.Itssimplemessagetoldmebeingagreatparentdidn’trequireanyspecialtoolsatall--justawillingworker.Whatpuzzledthemotherwhenherdaughtersaskedhertoseesomethingonemorning
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