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设f(x)二阶可导，且f(0)=0，令确定a的取值，使得g(x)为连续函数；
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设函数fxgx在[ab]上连续在ab内二阶可导且存在相等的最大值又fa＝gafb＝gb证明 Ⅰ存在
设fx二阶可导且f0=0令[*]Ⅰ确定a的取值使得gx为连续函数Ⅱ求g’x并讨论函数g’x的连续性
设fuv二阶连续可偏导且[*]
设fx二阶可导f0=f1=0且fx在[01]上的最小值为-1．证明存在ξ∈01使得fξ≥8．
设fx二阶可导且fx≠0．Ⅰ证明对任意的X≠0存在唯一的θx∈01使得fx=f0+xf’xθxⅡ求[
设fx二阶可导且f0=0令求g’x并讨论函数g’x的连续性．
设函数fxgx在[ab]连续在ab内二阶可导且存在相等的最大值又fa=gafb=gb证明存在η∈ab
设函数fxgx在[ab]上连续在ab内二阶可导且存在相等的最大值又fa=gafb=gb证明Ⅰ存在η∈
设fx二阶可导且f0=0令确定a的取值使得gx为连续函数
设fx二阶可导且f0=f1=0[*]．证明存在ξ∈01使得fξ≥8．
设函数fx在[ab]上一阶可导在ab内二阶可导且fa=fb=0f’af’b＞0．求证[*]
设fx在[01]上二阶连续可导且f’0=f’1．证明存在ξ∈01使得
设fx在[01]上二阶连续可导且f’0=f’1．证明存在ξ∈01使得[*]
设fx二阶可导且满足则fx=______
设fx二阶可导且f0=0令 Ⅰ确定a的取值使得gx为连续函数 Ⅱ求g’x并讨论函数g’x的连续性
设函数fxgx在[ab]连续在ab内二阶可导且存在相等的最大值又fa=gafb=gb证明存在ξ∈ab
设fx在[ab]上连续在ab内二阶可导fa=fb=0且f’+a＞0证明存在ξ∈ab使得fa＜0
设fx二阶可导且fx≠0． Ⅰ证明对任意的X≠0存在唯一的θx∈01使得fx=f0+xf’xθx
设fx在[0a]上一阶连续可导f0=0在0a内二阶可导且fx＞0．证明
设fx二阶可导且f0=0令1.确定a的取值使得gx为连续函数
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[A]WhatroutedoesHIVtakeafteritentersthebodytodestroytheimmunesystem [B]Howandwhendidthelong-standingbeliefconcerningAIDSandHIVcropup [C]Whatisthemosteffectiveanti-HIVtherapy [D]HowdoesHIVsubverttheimmunesystem [E]IntheabsenceofavaccinehowcanHIVbestopped[ F]WhydoesAIDSpredisposeinfectedpersonstocertaintypesofcancerandinfections Inthe20yearssincethefirstcasesofAIDSweredetectedscientistssaytheyhavelearnedmoreaboutthisviraldiseasethananyother. YetPeterPiotwhodirectstheUnitedNationsAIDSprogramandStefanoVellaofRomepresidentoftheInternationalAIDSSocietyandotherexpertssayreviewingunansweredquestionscouldproveusefulasameasureofprogressforAIDSandotherdiseases. Amongtheimportantbroaderscientificquestionsthatremain: 41.__________. Along-standingbeliefisthatcancercellsconstantlydevelopandareheldincheckbyahealthyimmunesystem.ButAIDShaschallengedthatbelief.PeoplewithAIDSaremuchmorepronetocertaincancerslikenon-HodgkinslymphomasandKaposi’ssarcomsbutnottobreastcolonandlungthemostcommoncancersintheUnitedStates.ThispatternsuggeststhatanimpairedimmunesystematleastthetypethatoccursinAIDSdoesnotallowcommoncancerstodevelop. 42.__________. WhenHIVistransmittedsexuallythevirusmustcrossatissuebarriertoenterthebody.Howthathappensisstillunclear.Thevirusmightinvadedirectlyorbecarriedbyaseriesofdifferentkindsofcells. EventuallyHIVtravelsthroughlymphvesselstolymphnodesandtherestofthelymphsystem.Butwhatisnotknownishowthevirusproceedstodestroythebody’sCD-4cellsthatareneededtocombatinvadinginfectiousagents. 43.__________. AlthoughHIVkillstheimmunecellssenttokillthevirusthereiswidespreadvariationintherateatwhichHIVinfectedpeoplebecomeillwithAIDS.Soscientistsask.CantheelementsoftheimmunesystemresponsibleforthatvariabilitybeidentifiedIfsocantheybeusedtostopprogressiontoAIDSininfectedindividualsandpossiblypreventinfectioninthefirstplace 44.__________. Intheoryearlytreatmentshouldofferthebestchanceofpreservingimmunefunction.ButthenewdrugsdonotcompletelyeliminateHIVfromthebodysothemedicineswhichcanhavedangeroussideeffectswillhavetobetakenforalifetimeandperhapschangedtocombatresistance.Thenewpolicyisexpectedtorecommendthattreatmentbedeferreduntiltherearesignstheimmunesystemisweakening. Isavaccinepossible Thereislittlequestionthataneffectivevaccineiscrucialtocontrollingtheepidemic.Yetonlyonehasreachedthestageoffulltestingandthereiswidecontroversyoverthedegreeofprotectionitwillprovide.HIVstrainsthataretransmittedinvariousareasoftheworlddiffergenetically.ItisnotknownwhetheravaccinederivedfromonetypeofHIVwillconferprotectionagainstothertypes. 45.__________. Withoutmoreincisivefocusedbehavioralresearchpreventionmessagesalonewillnotputanendtotheglobalepidemic. 45
Soonafterhisappointmentassecretary-generaloftheUnitedNationsin1997KofiAnnanlamentedthathewasbeingaccusedoffailingtoreformtheworldbodyinsixweeks.ButwhatareyoucomplainingaboutaskedtheRussianambassador.You’vehadmoretimethanGod.AhMr.AnnanquippedbackbutGodhadonebigadvantage.HeworkedalonewithoutaGeneralAssemblyaSecurityCounciland[all]thecommittees.RecountingthatanecdotetojournalistsinNewYorkthisweekMr.AnnansoughttoexplainwhyadraftdeclarationonUNreformandtacklingworldpovertyduetobeendorsedbysome150headsofstateandgovernmentataworldsummitinthecityonSeptember14th-16thhadturnedintosuchapaleshadowoftheproposalsthathehimselfhadputforwardinMarch.With191memberstateshesighedit’snoteasytogetanagreement.MostcountriesputtheblameontheUnitedStatesintheformofitsabrasivenewambassadorJohnBoltonforinsistingattheendofAugustonhundredsoflast-minuteamendmentsandaline-by-linerenegotiationofatextmostothershadthoughtwasalmostsettled.Butagroupofmiddle-incomedevelopingnationsincludingPakistanCubaIranEgyptSyriaandVenezuelaalsocameupwithplentyoflast-minutechangesoftheirown.Theriskofhavingnodocumentatallandthusnothingfortheworld’sleaderstocometoNewYorkforwasavertedonlybymarathonall-nightandall-weekendtalks.The35-pagefinaldocumentisnotwhollydevoidofsubstance.ItcallsforthecreationofaPeacebuildingCommissiontosupervisethereconstructionofcountriesafterwars;thereplacementofthediscreditedUNCommissiononHumanRightsbyasupposedlytougherHumanRightsCouncil;therecognitionofanewresponsibilitytoprotectpeoplesfromgenocideandotheratrocitieswhennationalauthoritiesfailtotakeactionincludingifnecessarybyforce;andanearlyreformoftheSecurityCouncil.Althoughmuchpareddownalltheseproposalshaveatleastsurvived.Othershavenot.Eithertheyprovedsocontentiousthattheywereomittedaltogethersuchasthesectionsondisarmamentandnon-proliferationandtheInternationalCriminalCourtortheywerewatereddowntolittlemorethanemptyplatitudes.Theimportantsectiononcollectivesecurityandtheuseofforcenolongerevenmentionsthevexedissueofpre-emptivestrikes;meanwhilethesectiononterrorismcondemnsitinallitsformsandmanifestationscommittedbywhomeverwhereverandforwhateverpurposesbutfailstoprovidethecleardefinitiontheAmericanswanted.BothMr.AnnanandmoresurprisinglyGeorgeBushhaveneverthelesssoughttoputagoodfaceonthingswithMr.AnnandescribingthesummitdocumentasanimportantstepforwardandMr.BushsayingtheUNhadtakenthefirststepstowardsreform.Mr.AnnanandMr.Boltonaredeterminedtogoalotfurther.ItisnowuptotheGeneralAssemblytofleshoutthedocument’sskeletonproposalsandproposenewones.Butitschancesofsuccessappearslim.AccordingtothelastparagraphtheGeneralAssembly______.
JohnBattelleisSiliconValley’sBobWoodward.OneofthefoundersofWiredmagazinehehashungaroundGoogleforsolongthathehascometobeascloseasanyoutsidercantoactuallybeinganinsider.CertainlyGoogle’sfoundersSergeyBrinandLarryPageanditschiefexecutiveEricSchmidtbelievethatitissafertotalktoMr.Battellethannottodoso.TheresultisahighlyreadableaccountofGoogle’sastonishingrise-thesteepestincorporatehistory-fromitsoriginsinStanfordUniversitytoitscontroversialstockmarketdebutanditscurrentstruggletobecomeagrown-upcompanywhilestayingtruetoitsyouthfullybrashmottoDon’tbeevil.Mr.BattellemakesthereaderwarmtoGoogle’srulingtriumvirate-theirclevernessandtheirgoodintentions-andfearfortheirfutureastheytakeontheworld.Googleisoneofthemostinterestingcompaniesaroundatthemoment.IthasadecentshotatdisplacingMicrosoftasthenextgreatnear-monopolyoftheinformationage.Itsambition-toorganisealltheworld’sinformationnotjusttheinformationontheworldwideweb-isepicanditscommercialpowerisfrighteningBeyondthisGoogleisinterestingforthesamereasonthatsecretivedictatorshipsandHollywoodcelebritiesareinteresting-forbeingopaquecolourfulandsimplyitself.ThebookdisappointsonlywhenMr.Battellebeginstryingtoexplainthewiderrelevanceofinternetsearchanditspossiblefuturedevelopment.ThereisalottosayonthissubjectbutMr.Battelleishurriedandoverlychattyproducinglaundrylistsofgeekyconceptswithoutreallyhavingthoughtanyofthemthroughproperly.Thisisnotafatalflaw.Readonlythemiddlechaptersandyouhaveagreatbook.Thetextseemstobe______.
中华苏维埃共和国中央执行委员会公布的法律规定在法院未设立之前临时司法机构是
JohnBattelleisSiliconValley’sBobWoodward.OneofthefoundersofWiredmagazinehehashungaroundGoogleforsolongthathehascometobeascloseasanyoutsidercantoactuallybeinganinsider.CertainlyGoogle’sfoundersSergeyBrinandLarryPageanditschiefexecutiveEricSchmidtbelievethatitissafertotalktoMr.Battellethannottodoso.TheresultisahighlyreadableaccountofGoogle’sastonishingrise-thesteepestincorporatehistory-fromitsoriginsinStanfordUniversitytoitscontroversialstockmarketdebutanditscurrentstruggletobecomeagrown-upcompanywhilestayingtruetoitsyouthfullybrashmottoDon’tbeevil.Mr.BattellemakesthereaderwarmtoGoogle’srulingtriumvirate-theirclevernessandtheirgoodintentions-andfearfortheirfutureastheytakeontheworld.Googleisoneofthemostinterestingcompaniesaroundatthemoment.IthasadecentshotatdisplacingMicrosoftasthenextgreatnear-monopolyoftheinformationage.Itsambition-toorganisealltheworld’sinformationnotjusttheinformationontheworldwideweb-isepicanditscommercialpowerisfrighteningBeyondthisGoogleisinterestingforthesamereasonthatsecretivedictatorshipsandHollywoodcelebritiesareinteresting-forbeingopaquecolourfulandsimplyitself.ThebookdisappointsonlywhenMr.Battellebeginstryingtoexplainthewiderrelevanceofinternetsearchanditspossiblefuturedevelopment.ThereisalottosayonthissubjectbutMr.Battelleishurriedandoverlychattyproducinglaundrylistsofgeekyconceptswithoutreallyhavingthoughtanyofthemthroughproperly.Thisisnotafatalflaw.Readonlythemiddlechaptersandyouhaveagreatbook.TheworkbyJohnBattellewouldbeperfectedifappropriateconsiderationisgivento______.
我国__副__是由选举产生的
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Soonafterhisappointmentassecretary-generaloftheUnitedNationsin1997KofiAnnanlamentedthathewasbeingaccusedoffailingtoreformtheworldbodyinsixweeks.ButwhatareyoucomplainingaboutaskedtheRussianambassador.You’vehadmoretimethanGod.AhMr.AnnanquippedbackbutGodhadonebigadvantage.HeworkedalonewithoutaGeneralAssemblyaSecurityCounciland[all]thecommittees.RecountingthatanecdotetojournalistsinNewYorkthisweekMr.AnnansoughttoexplainwhyadraftdeclarationonUNreformandtacklingworldpovertyduetobeendorsedbysome150headsofstateandgovernmentataworldsummitinthecityonSeptember14th-16thhadturnedintosuchapaleshadowoftheproposalsthathehimselfhadputforwardinMarch.With191memberstateshesighedit’snoteasytogetanagreement.MostcountriesputtheblameontheUnitedStatesintheformofitsabrasivenewambassadorJohnBoltonforinsistingattheendofAugustonhundredsoflast-minuteamendmentsandaline-by-linerenegotiationofatextmostothershadthoughtwasalmostsettled.Butagroupofmiddle-incomedevelopingnationsincludingPakistanCubaIranEgyptSyriaandVenezuelaalsocameupwithplentyoflast-minutechangesoftheirown.Theriskofhavingnodocumentatallandthusnothingfortheworld’sleaderstocometoNewYorkforwasavertedonlybymarathonall-nightandall-weekendtalks.The35-pagefinaldocumentisnotwhollydevoidofsubstance.ItcallsforthecreationofaPeacebuildingCommissiontosupervisethereconstructionofcountriesafterwars;thereplacementofthediscreditedUNCommissiononHumanRightsbyasupposedlytougherHumanRightsCouncil;therecognitionofanewresponsibilitytoprotectpeoplesfromgenocideandotheratrocitieswhennationalauthoritiesfailtotakeactionincludingifnecessarybyforce;andanearlyreformoftheSecurityCouncil.Althoughmuchpareddownalltheseproposalshaveatleastsurvived.Othershavenot.Eithertheyprovedsocontentiousthattheywereomittedaltogethersuchasthesectionsondisarmamentandnon-proliferationandtheInternationalCriminalCourtortheywerewatereddowntolittlemorethanemptyplatitudes.Theimportantsectiononcollectivesecurityandtheuseofforcenolongerevenmentionsthevexedissueofpre-emptivestrikes;meanwhilethesectiononterrorismcondemnsitinallitsformsandmanifestationscommittedbywhomeverwhereverandforwhateverpurposesbutfailstoprovidethecleardefinitiontheAmericanswanted.BothMr.AnnanandmoresurprisinglyGeorgeBushhaveneverthelesssoughttoputagoodfaceonthingswithMr.AnnandescribingthesummitdocumentasanimportantstepforwardandMr.BushsayingtheUNhadtakenthefirststepstowardsreform.Mr.AnnanandMr.Boltonaredeterminedtogoalotfurther.ItisnowuptotheGeneralAssemblytofleshoutthedocument’sskeletonproposalsandproposenewones.Butitschancesofsuccessappearslim.Whohaverecentlylistenedtothestoryinthefirstparagraphofthetext
Intheearly1800sgroupsofEnglishworkerswreckedmachinesthattheyfeltthreatenedtheirjobs.46Theywerecalled"Luddites"afteroneoftheirleadersatermthatisnowusedforanyonewhoputsupresistancetonewtechnologies.47Theoddthingaboutnanotechnology’sLudditesisthattheyhavestartedresistingbeforethetechnologyhasreallyestablisheditself. Aspeoplestarttobuyproductsinvolvingnanotechnologyfromodour-resistantshirtstowindowglassthatrepelsdirttheywillrealisethatmanyofthesenewthingsareusefulandharmless.Andasawarenessofnanotechnologygrowstheywillbegintounderstandthatitcoversarangeofdifferentwaysofdoingthingssomeofwhichcarrysomeriskandothersdonot.Asaresultthetechnology’sdetractorswillprobablybecomemorenuancedintheircomplaints. Nanotechnologyhasthepotentialtocauseanindustrialupheavaljustaselectricitydidinitstime.48Likeelectricitythoughithassomanyandsuchdiverseapplicationsthatitisunlikelytoarriveinonehugewaveasnanotechnology’scriticsfear.Insteadtherewillbeaseriesofsmallerwaves.49Manyoftheinnovationsthetechnologymaybringarealongwayoffleavingplentyoftimetoprepare. Nanotechnologylikeanynewdiscoveryoffersbothrisksandrewards.Therewillundoubtedlybesomeneedtocontrolitsexploitationtominimizetherisksbuttherearealsostrongargumentsforallowingtheunfetteredpursuitofknowledgewithoutitinnovationcannotflourish. Twentyyearsagonobodycouldhaveforeseenthattheinventionofanewmicroscopewouldlauncharemarkablenewtechnologyperhapsarevolution.50Scientistsshouldbeallowedtoworkwithaslittlehindranceaspossibletogainabetterunderstandingoftheobjectoftheirstudy-howeverlargeorsmall. Manyoftheinnovationsthetechnologymaybringarealongwayoffleavingplentyoftimetoprepare.
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[A]WhatroutedoesHIVtakeafteritentersthebodytodestroytheimmunesystem [B]Howandwhendidthelong-standingbeliefconcerningAIDSandHIVcropup [C]Whatisthemosteffectiveanti-HIVtherapy [D]HowdoesHIVsubverttheimmunesystem [E]IntheabsenceofavaccinehowcanHIVbestopped[ F]WhydoesAIDSpredisposeinfectedpersonstocertaintypesofcancerandinfections Inthe20yearssincethefirstcasesofAIDSweredetectedscientistssaytheyhavelearnedmoreaboutthisviraldiseasethananyother. YetPeterPiotwhodirectstheUnitedNationsAIDSprogramandStefanoVellaofRomepresidentoftheInternationalAIDSSocietyandotherexpertssayreviewingunansweredquestionscouldproveusefulasameasureofprogressforAIDSandotherdiseases. Amongtheimportantbroaderscientificquestionsthatremain: 41.__________. Along-standingbeliefisthatcancercellsconstantlydevelopandareheldincheckbyahealthyimmunesystem.ButAIDShaschallengedthatbelief.PeoplewithAIDSaremuchmorepronetocertaincancerslikenon-HodgkinslymphomasandKaposi’ssarcomsbutnottobreastcolonandlungthemostcommoncancersintheUnitedStates.ThispatternsuggeststhatanimpairedimmunesystematleastthetypethatoccursinAIDSdoesnotallowcommoncancerstodevelop. 42.__________. WhenHIVistransmittedsexuallythevirusmustcrossatissuebarriertoenterthebody.Howthathappensisstillunclear.Thevirusmightinvadedirectlyorbecarriedbyaseriesofdifferentkindsofcells. EventuallyHIVtravelsthroughlymphvesselstolymphnodesandtherestofthelymphsystem.Butwhatisnotknownishowthevirusproceedstodestroythebody’sCD-4cellsthatareneededtocombatinvadinginfectiousagents. 43.__________. AlthoughHIVkillstheimmunecellssenttokillthevirusthereiswidespreadvariationintherateatwhichHIVinfectedpeoplebecomeillwithAIDS.Soscientistsask.CantheelementsoftheimmunesystemresponsibleforthatvariabilitybeidentifiedIfsocantheybeusedtostopprogressiontoAIDSininfectedindividualsandpossiblypreventinfectioninthefirstplace 44.__________. Intheoryearlytreatmentshouldofferthebestchanceofpreservingimmunefunction.ButthenewdrugsdonotcompletelyeliminateHIVfromthebodysothemedicineswhichcanhavedangeroussideeffectswillhavetobetakenforalifetimeandperhapschangedtocombatresistance.Thenewpolicyisexpectedtorecommendthattreatmentbedeferreduntiltherearesignstheimmunesystemisweakening. Isavaccinepossible Thereislittlequestionthataneffectivevaccineiscrucialtocontrollingtheepidemic.Yetonlyonehasreachedthestageoffulltestingandthereiswidecontroversyoverthedegreeofprotectionitwillprovide.HIVstrainsthataretransmittedinvariousareasoftheworlddiffergenetically.ItisnotknownwhetheravaccinederivedfromonetypeofHIVwillconferprotectionagainstothertypes. 45.__________. Withoutmoreincisivefocusedbehavioralresearchpreventionmessagesalonewillnotputanendtotheglobalepidemic. 41
为加强法律的感化作用沈家本等提出设置
Intheearly1800sgroupsofEnglishworkerswreckedmachinesthattheyfeltthreatenedtheirjobs.46Theywerecalled"Luddites"afteroneoftheirleadersatermthatisnowusedforanyonewhoputsupresistancetonewtechnologies.47Theoddthingaboutnanotechnology’sLudditesisthattheyhavestartedresistingbeforethetechnologyhasreallyestablisheditself. Aspeoplestarttobuyproductsinvolvingnanotechnologyfromodour-resistantshirtstowindowglassthatrepelsdirttheywillrealisethatmanyofthesenewthingsareusefulandharmless.Andasawarenessofnanotechnologygrowstheywillbegintounderstandthatitcoversarangeofdifferentwaysofdoingthingssomeofwhichcarrysomeriskandothersdonot.Asaresultthetechnology’sdetractorswillprobablybecomemorenuancedintheircomplaints. Nanotechnologyhasthepotentialtocauseanindustrialupheavaljustaselectricitydidinitstime.48Likeelectricitythoughithassomanyandsuchdiverseapplicationsthatitisunlikelytoarriveinonehugewaveasnanotechnology’scriticsfear.Insteadtherewillbeaseriesofsmallerwaves.49Manyoftheinnovationsthetechnologymaybringarealongwayoffleavingplentyoftimetoprepare. Nanotechnologylikeanynewdiscoveryoffersbothrisksandrewards.Therewillundoubtedlybesomeneedtocontrolitsexploitationtominimizetherisksbuttherearealsostrongargumentsforallowingtheunfetteredpursuitofknowledgewithoutitinnovationcannotflourish. Twentyyearsagonobodycouldhaveforeseenthattheinventionofanewmicroscopewouldlauncharemarkablenewtechnologyperhapsarevolution.50Scientistsshouldbeallowedtoworkwithaslittlehindranceaspossibletogainabetterunderstandingoftheobjectoftheirstudy-howeverlargeorsmall. Theoddthingaboutnanotechnology’sLudditesisthattheyhavestartedresistingbeforethetechnologyhasreallyestablisheditself.
I’matotalgeekallaroundsaysAngelaByrona27-year-oldcomputerprogrammerwhohasjustgraduatedfromNovaScotiaCommunityCollege.Andyetlikemanyotherstudentssheneverhadtheconfidencetoapproachanyofthevariousopen-sourcesoftwarecommunitiesontheinternet--distributedteamsofvolunteerswhocollaboratetobuildsoftwarethatisthenmadefreelyavailable.ButthankstoGoogletheworld’smostpopularsearchengineandoneofthebiggestproponentsofopen-sourcesoftwareMsByronspentthesummercontributingcodetoDrupalanopen-sourceprojectthatautomatesthemanagementofwebsites.It’sawesomeshesays.MsByronisoneof419studentsoutof8744whoappliedwhowereacceptedforGoogle’ssummerofcode.Whileitsoundslikeahyper-nerdysummercampthestudentsneitherwenttoGoogle’scampusinMountainViewCalifornianortowherevertheirmentorsatthe41participatingopen-sourceprojectshappenedtobelocated.InsteadGoogleactedasamatchmakerandsponsor.Eachoftheparticipatingopen-sourceprojectsreceived$500foreverystudentittookon;andeachstudentreceived$4500$500rightawayand$4000oncompletionoftheirwork.OhandaT-shirt.AllofthisistheideaofChrisDiBonaGoogle’sopen-sourcebosswhowasbrainstormingwithLarryPageandSergeyBrinGoogle’sfounderslastyear.Theyrealisedthatalotofprogrammingtalentgoestowasteeverysummerbecausestudentstakesummerjobsflippingburgerstomakemoneyandlettheircodingskillsdegrade.WewanttomakeitbetterforstudentsinthesummersaysMr.DiBonaaddingthatitalsohelpstheopen-sourcecommunityandthusindirectlyGooglewhichuseslotsofopen-sourcesoftwarebehindthescenes.PlussaysMr.DiBonaitdoesbecomeanopportunityforrecruiting.ElliotCohenastudentatBerkeleyspenthissummerwritingaBayesiannetworktoolboxforPythonanopen-sourceprogramminglanguage.I’maprettybigfanofGooglehesays.HehasaninterviewscheduledwithMicrosoftbutGoogleistheonlybigcompanythatIwouldworkathesays.Andifthatdoesn’tworkouthenowknowspeopleintheopen-sourcecommunityandit’salotlessintimidating./TheideaofChrisDiBonaaccordingtothetextisenrichedby______.
[A]WhatroutedoesHIVtakeafteritentersthebodytodestroytheimmunesystem [B]Howandwhendidthelong-standingbeliefconcerningAIDSandHIVcropup [C]Whatisthemosteffectiveanti-HIVtherapy [D]HowdoesHIVsubverttheimmunesystem [E]IntheabsenceofavaccinehowcanHIVbestopped[ F]WhydoesAIDSpredisposeinfectedpersonstocertaintypesofcancerandinfections Inthe20yearssincethefirstcasesofAIDSweredetectedscientistssaytheyhavelearnedmoreaboutthisviraldiseasethananyother. YetPeterPiotwhodirectstheUnitedNationsAIDSprogramandStefanoVellaofRomepresidentoftheInternationalAIDSSocietyandotherexpertssayreviewingunansweredquestionscouldproveusefulasameasureofprogressforAIDSandotherdiseases. Amongtheimportantbroaderscientificquestionsthatremain: 41.__________. Along-standingbeliefisthatcancercellsconstantlydevelopandareheldincheckbyahealthyimmunesystem.ButAIDShaschallengedthatbelief.PeoplewithAIDSaremuchmorepronetocertaincancerslikenon-HodgkinslymphomasandKaposi’ssarcomsbutnottobreastcolonandlungthemostcommoncancersintheUnitedStates.ThispatternsuggeststhatanimpairedimmunesystematleastthetypethatoccursinAIDSdoesnotallowcommoncancerstodevelop. 42.__________. WhenHIVistransmittedsexuallythevirusmustcrossatissuebarriertoenterthebody.Howthathappensisstillunclear.Thevirusmightinvadedirectlyorbecarriedbyaseriesofdifferentkindsofcells. EventuallyHIVtravelsthroughlymphvesselstolymphnodesandtherestofthelymphsystem.Butwhatisnotknownishowthevirusproceedstodestroythebody’sCD-4cellsthatareneededtocombatinvadinginfectiousagents. 43.__________. AlthoughHIVkillstheimmunecellssenttokillthevirusthereiswidespreadvariationintherateatwhichHIVinfectedpeoplebecomeillwithAIDS.Soscientistsask.CantheelementsoftheimmunesystemresponsibleforthatvariabilitybeidentifiedIfsocantheybeusedtostopprogressiontoAIDSininfectedindividualsandpossiblypreventinfectioninthefirstplace 44.__________. Intheoryearlytreatmentshouldofferthebestchanceofpreservingimmunefunction.ButthenewdrugsdonotcompletelyeliminateHIVfromthebodysothemedicineswhichcanhavedangeroussideeffectswillhavetobetakenforalifetimeandperhapschangedtocombatresistance.Thenewpolicyisexpectedtorecommendthattreatmentbedeferreduntiltherearesignstheimmunesystemisweakening. Isavaccinepossible Thereislittlequestionthataneffectivevaccineiscrucialtocontrollingtheepidemic.Yetonlyonehasreachedthestageoffulltestingandthereiswidecontroversyoverthedegreeofprotectionitwillprovide.HIVstrainsthataretransmittedinvariousareasoftheworlddiffergenetically.ItisnotknownwhetheravaccinederivedfromonetypeofHIVwillconferprotectionagainstothertypes. 45.__________. Withoutmoreincisivefocusedbehavioralresearchpreventionmessagesalonewillnotputanendtotheglobalepidemic. 43
Directions:WritealettertoMr.TerryThompsonrecommendingaChineseuniversityforhimtostudyinChina.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;useLiMinginstead.Donotwritetheaddress.
Soonafterhisappointmentassecretary-generaloftheUnitedNationsin1997KofiAnnanlamentedthathewasbeingaccusedoffailingtoreformtheworldbodyinsixweeks.ButwhatareyoucomplainingaboutaskedtheRussianambassador.You’vehadmoretimethanGod.AhMr.AnnanquippedbackbutGodhadonebigadvantage.HeworkedalonewithoutaGeneralAssemblyaSecurityCounciland[all]thecommittees.RecountingthatanecdotetojournalistsinNewYorkthisweekMr.AnnansoughttoexplainwhyadraftdeclarationonUNreformandtacklingworldpovertyduetobeendorsedbysome150headsofstateandgovernmentataworldsummitinthecityonSeptember14th-16thhadturnedintosuchapaleshadowoftheproposalsthathehimselfhadputforwardinMarch.With191memberstateshesighedit’snoteasytogetanagreement.MostcountriesputtheblameontheUnitedStatesintheformofitsabrasivenewambassadorJohnBoltonforinsistingattheendofAugustonhundredsoflast-minuteamendmentsandaline-by-linerenegotiationofatextmostothershadthoughtwasalmostsettled.Butagroupofmiddle-incomedevelopingnationsincludingPakistanCubaIranEgyptSyriaandVenezuelaalsocameupwithplentyoflast-minutechangesoftheirown.Theriskofhavingnodocumentatallandthusnothingfortheworld’sleaderstocometoNewYorkforwasavertedonlybymarathonall-nightandall-weekendtalks.The35-pagefinaldocumentisnotwhollydevoidofsubstance.ItcallsforthecreationofaPeacebuildingCommissiontosupervisethereconstructionofcountriesafterwars;thereplacementofthediscreditedUNCommissiononHumanRightsbyasupposedlytougherHumanRightsCouncil;therecognitionofanewresponsibilitytoprotectpeoplesfromgenocideandotheratrocitieswhennationalauthoritiesfailtotakeactionincludingifnecessarybyforce;andanearlyreformoftheSecurityCouncil.Althoughmuchpareddownalltheseproposalshaveatleastsurvived.Othershavenot.Eithertheyprovedsocontentiousthattheywereomittedaltogethersuchasthesectionsondisarmamentandnon-proliferationandtheInternationalCriminalCourtortheywerewatereddowntolittlemorethanemptyplatitudes.Theimportantsectiononcollectivesecurityandtheuseofforcenolongerevenmentionsthevexedissueofpre-emptivestrikes;meanwhilethesectiononterrorismcondemnsitinallitsformsandmanifestationscommittedbywhomeverwhereverandforwhateverpurposesbutfailstoprovidethecleardefinitiontheAmericanswanted.BothMr.AnnanandmoresurprisinglyGeorgeBushhaveneverthelesssoughttoputagoodfaceonthingswithMr.AnnandescribingthesummitdocumentasanimportantstepforwardandMr.BushsayingtheUNhadtakenthefirststepstowardsreform.Mr.AnnanandMr.Boltonaredeterminedtogoalotfurther.ItisnowuptotheGeneralAssemblytofleshoutthedocument’sskeletonproposalsandproposenewones.Butitschancesofsuccessappearslim.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheUNfinaldocumentis______.
清朝朝审审理的案件主要是
编敕作为一种重要的法律形式形成于
下列选项中只能由国家所有的是
我国现行刑法对溯及力问题采取的原则是
JohnBattelleisSiliconValley’sBobWoodward.OneofthefoundersofWiredmagazinehehashungaroundGoogleforsolongthathehascometobeascloseasanyoutsidercantoactuallybeinganinsider.CertainlyGoogle’sfoundersSergeyBrinandLarryPageanditschiefexecutiveEricSchmidtbelievethatitissafertotalktoMr.Battellethannottodoso.TheresultisahighlyreadableaccountofGoogle’sastonishingrise-thesteepestincorporatehistory-fromitsoriginsinStanfordUniversitytoitscontroversialstockmarketdebutanditscurrentstruggletobecomeagrown-upcompanywhilestayingtruetoitsyouthfullybrashmottoDon’tbeevil.Mr.BattellemakesthereaderwarmtoGoogle’srulingtriumvirate-theirclevernessandtheirgoodintentions-andfearfortheirfutureastheytakeontheworld.Googleisoneofthemostinterestingcompaniesaroundatthemoment.IthasadecentshotatdisplacingMicrosoftasthenextgreatnear-monopolyoftheinformationage.Itsambition-toorganisealltheworld’sinformationnotjusttheinformationontheworldwideweb-isepicanditscommercialpowerisfrighteningBeyondthisGoogleisinterestingforthesamereasonthatsecretivedictatorshipsandHollywoodcelebritiesareinteresting-forbeingopaquecolourfulandsimplyitself.ThebookdisappointsonlywhenMr.Battellebeginstryingtoexplainthewiderrelevanceofinternetsearchanditspossiblefuturedevelopment.ThereisalottosayonthissubjectbutMr.Battelleishurriedandoverlychattyproducinglaundrylistsofgeekyconceptswithoutreallyhavingthoughtanyofthemthroughproperly.Thisisnotafatalflaw.Readonlythemiddlechaptersandyouhaveagreatbook.Thephrasewarmtointhelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans______.
Thetermdisruptivetechnologyispopularbutiswidelymisused.Itrefersnotsimplytoaclevernewtechnologybuttoonethatunderminesanexistingtechnology-andwhichthereforemakeslifeverydifficultforthemanybusinesseswhichdependontheexistingwayofdoingthings.Twentyyearsagothepersonalcomputerwasaclassicexample.Itsweptasideanoldermainframe-basedstyleofcomputingandeventuallybroughtIBMoneoftheworld’smightiestfirmsatthetimetoitsknees.Thisweekhasbeenacoming-outpartyofsortsforanotherdisruptivetechnologyvoiceoverinternetprotocolVOIPwhichpromisestobeevenmoredisruptiveandofevengreaterbenefittoconsumersthanpersonalcomputers.VOIP’sleadingproponentisSkypeasmallfirmwhosesoftwareallowspeopletomakefreecallstootherSkypeusersovertheinternetandverycheapcallstotraditionaltelephones-allofwhichspellstroubleforincumbenttelecomsoperators.OnSeptember12theBaytheleadingonlineauction-houseannouncedthatitwasbuyingSkypefor$2.6billionplusanadditional$1.5billionifSkypehitscertainperformancetargetsincomingyears.Thisseemsavastsumtopayforacompanythathasonly$60minrevenuesandhasyettoturnaprofit.YeteBaywasnottheonlycompanyinterestedinbuyingSkype.MicrosoftYahoo!NewsCorporationandGooglewereallsaidtohavealsoconsideredtheidea.PerhapseBayratherlikesomeover-excitedbidderinoneofitsownauctionshaspaidtoomuch.ThecompanysaysitplanstouseSkype’stechnologytomakeiteasierforbuyersandsellerstocommunicateandtooffernewclicktocalladvertisementsbutmanyanalystsarescepticalthateBayisthebestownerofSkype.WhateverthemeritsofthedealhoweverthefussoverSkypeinrecentweekshashighlightedthesignificanceofVOIPandtheenormousthreatitposestoincumbenttelecomsoperators.FortheriseofSkypeandotherVOIPservicesmeansnothinglessthanthedeathofthetraditionaltelephonebusinessestablishedoveracenturyago.Skypeismerelythemostvisiblemanifestationofadramaticshiftinthetelecomsindustryasvoicecallingbecomesjustanotherdataservicedeliveredviahigh-speedinternetconnections.Skypewhichhasover54musershasreceivedthemostattentionbutotherfirmsroutingcallspartiallyorentirelyovertheinternethavealsosignedupmillionsofcustomers.Accordingtothetextmanyanalysts’attitudetowardthepossessionofSkypebyeBayis______.
I’matotalgeekallaroundsaysAngelaByrona27-year-oldcomputerprogrammerwhohasjustgraduatedfromNovaScotiaCommunityCollege.Andyetlikemanyotherstudentssheneverhadtheconfidencetoapproachanyofthevariousopen-sourcesoftwarecommunitiesontheinternet--distributedteamsofvolunteerswhocollaboratetobuildsoftwarethatisthenmadefreelyavailable.ButthankstoGoogletheworld’smostpopularsearchengineandoneofthebiggestproponentsofopen-sourcesoftwareMsByronspentthesummercontributingcodetoDrupalanopen-sourceprojectthatautomatesthemanagementofwebsites.It’sawesomeshesays.MsByronisoneof419studentsoutof8744whoappliedwhowereacceptedforGoogle’ssummerofcode.Whileitsoundslikeahyper-nerdysummercampthestudentsneitherwenttoGoogle’scampusinMountainViewCalifornianortowherevertheirmentorsatthe41participatingopen-sourceprojectshappenedtobelocated.InsteadGoogleactedasamatchmakerandsponsor.Eachoftheparticipatingopen-sourceprojectsreceived$500foreverystudentittookon;andeachstudentreceived$4500$500rightawayand$4000oncompletionoftheirwork.OhandaT-shirt.AllofthisistheideaofChrisDiBonaGoogle’sopen-sourcebosswhowasbrainstormingwithLarryPageandSergeyBrinGoogle’sfounderslastyear.Theyrealisedthatalotofprogrammingtalentgoestowasteeverysummerbecausestudentstakesummerjobsflippingburgerstomakemoneyandlettheircodingskillsdegrade.WewanttomakeitbetterforstudentsinthesummersaysMr.DiBonaaddingthatitalsohelpstheopen-sourcecommunityandthusindirectlyGooglewhichuseslotsofopen-sourcesoftwarebehindthescenes.PlussaysMr.DiBonaitdoesbecomeanopportunityforrecruiting.ElliotCohenastudentatBerkeleyspenthissummerwritingaBayesiannetworktoolboxforPythonanopen-sourceprogramminglanguage.I’maprettybigfanofGooglehesays.HehasaninterviewscheduledwithMicrosoftbutGoogleistheonlybigcompanythatIwouldworkathesays.Andifthatdoesn’tworkouthenowknowspeopleintheopen-sourcecommunityandit’salotlessintimidating./ItcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthattheparticipantsofGoogle’ssummerofcodehave______.
Thetermdisruptivetechnologyispopularbutiswidelymisused.Itrefersnotsimplytoaclevernewtechnologybuttoonethatunderminesanexistingtechnology-andwhichthereforemakeslifeverydifficultforthemanybusinesseswhichdependontheexistingwayofdoingthings.Twentyyearsagothepersonalcomputerwasaclassicexample.Itsweptasideanoldermainframe-basedstyleofcomputingandeventuallybroughtIBMoneoftheworld’smightiestfirmsatthetimetoitsknees.Thisweekhasbeenacoming-outpartyofsortsforanotherdisruptivetechnologyvoiceoverinternetprotocolVOIPwhichpromisestobeevenmoredisruptiveandofevengreaterbenefittoconsumersthanpersonalcomputers.VOIP’sleadingproponentisSkypeasmallfirmwhosesoftwareallowspeopletomakefreecallstootherSkypeusersovertheinternetandverycheapcallstotraditionaltelephones-allofwhichspellstroubleforincumbenttelecomsoperators.OnSeptember12theBaytheleadingonlineauction-houseannouncedthatitwasbuyingSkypefor$2.6billionplusanadditional$1.5billionifSkypehitscertainperformancetargetsincomingyears.Thisseemsavastsumtopayforacompanythathasonly$60minrevenuesandhasyettoturnaprofit.YeteBaywasnottheonlycompanyinterestedinbuyingSkype.MicrosoftYahoo!NewsCorporationandGooglewereallsaidtohavealsoconsideredtheidea.PerhapseBayratherlikesomeover-excitedbidderinoneofitsownauctionshaspaidtoomuch.ThecompanysaysitplanstouseSkype’stechnologytomakeiteasierforbuyersandsellerstocommunicateandtooffernewclicktocalladvertisementsbutmanyanalystsarescepticalthateBayisthebestownerofSkype.WhateverthemeritsofthedealhoweverthefussoverSkypeinrecentweekshashighlightedthesignificanceofVOIPandtheenormousthreatitposestoincumbenttelecomsoperators.FortheriseofSkypeandotherVOIPservicesmeansnothinglessthanthedeathofthetraditionaltelephonebusinessestablishedoveracenturyago.Skypeismerelythemostvisiblemanifestationofadramaticshiftinthetelecomsindustryasvoicecallingbecomesjustanotherdataservicedeliveredviahigh-speedinternetconnections.Skypewhichhasover54musershasreceivedthemostattentionbutotherfirmsroutingcallspartiallyorentirelyovertheinternethavealsosignedupmillionsofcustomers.Thephrasebrought...toitskneesinthefirstparagraphmostprobablydenotes______.
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