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The Attitude For Computers As Dr. Samuel Johnson said in a different e...
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{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ?? RenewableEnergySources? ?Todaypetroleum石油providesaround40%oftheworld’senergyneeds mostlyfuellingautomobiles.Coalisstillusedmostlyinpowerstationsto coverone-quarterofourenergyneedsbutitistheleastefficient unhealthiestandmostenvironmentallydamagingfossilfuel矿物燃料.Naturalgas reservescouldfillsomeofthegapfromoilbutreservesofthatwillnotlast intothe22ndcenturyeither.Mostexpertspredictwewillexhausteasily accessiblereserveswithin50years.Less-pollutingrenewableenergysources offeramorepracticallong-termenergysolution.Renewablereferstothefact thattheseresourcesarenotusedfasterthantheycanbereplaced.? ?Hydroelectric水力发电的powerisnowthemostcommonformofrenewable energysupplyingaround20%ofworldelectricity.China’sThreeGorgesDamis thelargestever.AtfivetimesthesizeoftheUS’sHooverDamit’s26 turbines涡轮机willgeneratetheequivalentenergyof18coal-firedpower stations.Itwillsatisfy3%ofChina’sentireelectricitydemand.? ?In2003thefirstcommercialpowerstationtousetidal潮汐的currentsin theopenseaopenedinNorway.Itisdesignedlikewindmill风车butothers taketheformofturbines.??Aspricesfallwindpowerhasbecome thefastestgrowingtypeofelectricitygenerationquadrupling翻两番worldwide between1999and2005．Modernwindfarmsconsistofturbinesthatgenerate electricity.Thoughitwillbemoreexpensivethereismorethanenoughwindto providetheworld’sentireenergyneeds.Windfarmscomeinonshoreandoffshore forms.Theycanoftenendupatspotsofnaturalbeautyandareoftenunpopular withresidents.Andturbinesarenottotallyharmless—theycaninterferewith radaralterclimateandkillseabirds.?ScotlandisbuildingEurope’s largestwindfarmwhichwillpower200000homes.TheUK’sgoalistogenerate one-fifthofpowerfromrenewablesourcesmainlywindby2020．Butthismay causeproblemsbecausewindisunreliable.Whichcountrytooktheleadinmakinguseoftidalcurrentstoproducepowerin2003?
AHierarchyofHormones Allofthecellsinaparticularplantstartoutwiththesamecomplementofgenes.Howthencanthesecellsdifferentiateandfromstructuresasdifferentasrootsstemsleavesandfruits?Theansweristhatonlyasmallsubsetofthegenesinaparticularkindofcellareexpressedorturnedonatagiventime.Thisisaccomplishedbyacomplexsystemofchemicalmessengersthatinplantsincludehormonesandotherregulatorymolecules.Fivemajorhormoneshavebeenidentified;auxin生长素abscisicacid脱落酸cytokinin细胞激动素hetylene乙烯andgibberellin赤霉素.Studiesofplantshavenowidentifiedanewclassofregulatorymoleculescalledoligosaccharins. Unliketheoligosaccharinsthefivewell-knownplanthormonesarepleiotropic多向性的ratherthanspecificthatiseachhasmorethanoneeffectonthegrowthanddevelopmentofplants.Thefivehavesomanysimultaneouseffectsthattheyarenotveryusefulinartificiallycontrollingthegrowthofcrops.Auxinforinstancestimulatestherateofcellelongation拉长causesshootstogrowupandrootstogrowdownandinhibitsthegrowthoflateral侧面的shoots.Auxinalsocausestheplanttodevelopavascular维管的systemtofromlateralrootsandtoproduceethylene. Thepleiotropyofthefivewell-studiedplanthormonesissomewhatanalogous类似的tothatofcertainhormonesinanimal.Forexamplehormonesfromthehypothalamus下五脑inthebrainstimulatetheanterior前面的lobeofthepituitaryglandtosynthesizeandreleasemanydifferenthormonesoneofwhichstimulatesthereleaseofhormonesfromtheadrenal肾上腺的cortex皮质|.Thesehormoneshavespecificeffectsontargetorgansalloverthebody.Onehormonestimulatesthethyroid甲状腺的glandforexampleanothertheovarian子房folliclecellsandsoforth.Inotherwordsthereisahierarchy统治集团ofhormones. Suchahierarchymayalsoexistinplants.Oligosaccharinsarefragmentsofthecellwallreleasedbyenzymes酶:differentenzymesreleasedifferentoligosaccharins.Thereareindicationsthatpleiotropicplanthormonesmayactuallyfunctionbyactivatingtheenzymesthatreleasetheseothermorespecificchemicalmessengersfromthecellwall. Thepassagesuggeststhatunlikethepleiotropiohormonesoligosaccharinscouldbeusedeffectivelyto______.
Cancer ThepopularTVvariety-showhostwasgrimbutcalm.Hefacedthecamerasandsaidbluntly:Ihavecancer. MasatakaItsumi’’sdisclosuremaybethelatestsignthattheshameassociatedwithcancerisfinallybreakingdowninacountrywhereunliketheUnitedSatesthetopichastraditionallybeentaboo. Canceristhecountry’’sNo.1killerchainingmorethan230000livesayear.Despitethenumberofpeopleaffectedthesubjecthaslongbeenconcealedinsecrecyandsilence. AsaruleJapanesearereluctanttotellanyoneotherthanfamilyiftheyhavecancer.Anddoctorsoftenlietopatientsaboutacancerdiagnosisfearingtheywouldbedepressedandweakenedbythetruth.Pollsindicatethatmostpeoplewouldprefertobetoldiftheyhavecancer.Buthealthauthoritieshaveestimatedasfewasoneinfivecancerpatientsisgivenatruthfuldiagnosis.Thepatientisveryafraidtohearofhavingcancersomanydoctorsjustdon’ttellsaidonedoctor.Butifwedon’ttellthetruthit’’sbadfortherelationshipbetweendoctorandpatient.SoIthinkthisisbeginningtochange.HesaidhebelievedtheintensepublicinterestintheItsumicasereflectedpent-upcuriosityandconcernaboutthesubject. Thereareothersignsofgreateropennessinconfrontingcancer.Supportgroupsforcancervictimsonceunknownhavesprungup.Theplotofarecentfilmrevolvedaroundamanwithcancer.Anunusuallypowerfultelevisionadvertisementappealingforbone-marrowdonationsfeaturesayoungwomanwhohassincediedofleukemia. Butsecrecyaboutcancerisstillcommon.InJapanseriousillnessisconsideredembarrassing.Peopleworryaboutcausingsufferingandexpensefortheirfamiliesordiscomfortingtheircolleagues.Itsumiinfactbeganhisnewsconferencebyapologizing. Otherfactorscontributetothetabooontalkaboutcancer.Thereisaculturaltendencytowardrestraintondiscussingpersonalmattersandstoicisminfacingproblems.Evenifpatientssensesomethingisverywrongdespiteagooddiagnosismostdonotpresstheirdoctorsorseekasecondopinion.Doctorsaregranteddeeprespectinasocietythatdiscouragesquestioningauthority. Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.
Cancer ThepopularTVvariety-showhostwasgrimbutcalm.Hefacedthecamerasandsaidbluntly:Ihavecancer. MasatakaItsumi’’sdisclosuremaybethelatestsignthattheshameassociatedwithcancerisfinallybreakingdowninacountrywhereunliketheUnitedSatesthetopichastraditionallybeentaboo. Canceristhecountry’’sNo.1killerchainingmorethan230000livesayear.Despitethenumberofpeopleaffectedthesubjecthaslongbeenconcealedinsecrecyandsilence. AsaruleJapanesearereluctanttotellanyoneotherthanfamilyiftheyhavecancer.Anddoctorsoftenlietopatientsaboutacancerdiagnosisfearingtheywouldbedepressedandweakenedbythetruth.Pollsindicatethatmostpeoplewouldprefertobetoldiftheyhavecancer.Buthealthauthoritieshaveestimatedasfewasoneinfivecancerpatientsisgivenatruthfuldiagnosis.Thepatientisveryafraidtohearofhavingcancersomanydoctorsjustdon’ttellsaidonedoctor.Butifwedon’ttellthetruthit’’sbadfortherelationshipbetweendoctorandpatient.SoIthinkthisisbeginningtochange.HesaidhebelievedtheintensepublicinterestintheItsumicasereflectedpent-upcuriosityandconcernaboutthesubject. Thereareothersignsofgreateropennessinconfrontingcancer.Supportgroupsforcancervictimsonceunknownhavesprungup.Theplotofarecentfilmrevolvedaroundamanwithcancer.Anunusuallypowerfultelevisionadvertisementappealingforbone-marrowdonationsfeaturesayoungwomanwhohassincediedofleukemia. Butsecrecyaboutcancerisstillcommon.InJapanseriousillnessisconsideredembarrassing.Peopleworryaboutcausingsufferingandexpensefortheirfamiliesordiscomfortingtheircolleagues.Itsumiinfactbeganhisnewsconferencebyapologizing. Otherfactorscontributetothetabooontalkaboutcancer.Thereisaculturaltendencytowardrestraintondiscussingpersonalmattersandstoicisminfacingproblems.Evenifpatientssensesomethingisverywrongdespiteagooddiagnosismostdonotpresstheirdoctorsorseekasecondopinion.Doctorsaregranteddeeprespectinasocietythatdiscouragesquestioningauthority. Whendoctorslietopatientsaboutacancerdiagnosistheybelievethat______.
Nurses Thephysiciansinahospitalformthecoreofthemedicalstaff.Buttheycouldnotprovideeffectivemedicalcaretotheirpatientswithoutthehelpofnumerousothermedicalworkers.Fromtheangleofthepatientsthenursingstaffisparticularlyimportant.Nursesareusuallyinclosecontactwithpatientsaslongastheyareinthehospital. Anursedoesnotstudyforasmanyyearsasadoctor.Howevereachmustbeequallytrained.Caringforsickpersonsrequiresagreatdealofpatienceandconcern.Mostnursesworklongdaysandtheyoftenmustworkatoddhoursorduringthenight. Thenursingstaffinahospitalisusuallyquitelargeandvarious.Nursingservicesafterallmustbeprovidedona24-hourbasis.Thereareprofessional专业的nursespracticalnursesnursesaidsandorderlies勤杂工.Thegeneraltermnursereferstoapersontrainedtoofferbedsidecaretosickpersons. Underthesupervision管理oftheheadnursethenursingstaffinahospitalwardmustattendtopatients’’needs.Thisresponsibilitycontinuesaroundtheclockandsonursesmustworkinshifts.Ashiftisaperiodofdutyusuallyeighthoursinlength.Thenursesonthewardrotate轮换theirshifts.Sometaketurnsworkingnightduty;othersworkoddshifts.Allofthemworkoutofacentralareaonthewardcalledthenursesstation. Anursemustalwaysbeonherguard.Shecanneveraffordtobecareless.Thisistrueinallnursingsituationsbutitisespeciallytrueintheintensivecareunit.Patientsunderintensivecarearecriticallyillandtheymustbemonitoredatalltimes.Thenurseswhodointensivecaredutyhaveoneofthemostdemandingjobsinthehospital. Nursingservicesinahospitalaregenerallyavailablearoundtheclock.
AHierarchyofHormones Allofthecellsinaparticularplantstartoutwiththesamecomplementofgenes.Howthencanthesecellsdifferentiateandfromstructuresasdifferentasrootsstemsleavesandfruits?Theansweristhatonlyasmallsubsetofthegenesinaparticularkindofcellareexpressedorturnedonatagiventime.Thisisaccomplishedbyacomplexsystemofchemicalmessengersthatinplantsincludehormonesandotherregulatorymolecules.Fivemajorhormoneshavebeenidentified;auxin生长素abscisicacid脱落酸cytokinin细胞激动素hetylene乙烯andgibberellin赤霉素.Studiesofplantshavenowidentifiedanewclassofregulatorymoleculescalledoligosaccharins. Unliketheoligosaccharinsthefivewell-knownplanthormonesarepleiotropic多向性的ratherthanspecificthatiseachhasmorethanoneeffectonthegrowthanddevelopmentofplants.Thefivehavesomanysimultaneouseffectsthattheyarenotveryusefulinartificiallycontrollingthegrowthofcrops.Auxinforinstancestimulatestherateofcellelongation拉长causesshootstogrowupandrootstogrowdownandinhibitsthegrowthoflateral侧面的shoots.Auxinalsocausestheplanttodevelopavascular维管的systemtofromlateralrootsandtoproduceethylene. Thepleiotropyofthefivewell-studiedplanthormonesissomewhatanalogous类似的tothatofcertainhormonesinanimal.Forexamplehormonesfromthehypothalamus下五脑inthebrainstimulatetheanterior前面的lobeofthepituitaryglandtosynthesizeandreleasemanydifferenthormonesoneofwhichstimulatesthereleaseofhormonesfromtheadrenal肾上腺的cortex皮质|.Thesehormoneshavespecificeffectsontargetorgansalloverthebody.Onehormonestimulatesthethyroid甲状腺的glandforexampleanothertheovarian子房folliclecellsandsoforth.Inotherwordsthereisahierarchy统治集团ofhormones. Suchahierarchymayalsoexistinplants.Oligosaccharinsarefragmentsofthecellwallreleasedbyenzymes酶:differentenzymesreleasedifferentoligosaccharins.Thereareindicationsthatpleiotropicplanthormonesmayactuallyfunctionbyactivatingtheenzymesthatreleasetheseothermorespecificchemicalmessengersfromthecellwall. Theauthormentionsspecificeffectsthatauxinhasonplantdevelopmentinordertoillustratethe______
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ?? TakingaNapduringtheDay? ?MedicalexpertssaymostAmericansdonotget{{U}}?51?{{/U}} sleep.TheysaymoreAmericansneedtorestforashortperiodinthemiddleof theday.Theyareadvisingpeopletosleeplightlybefore{{U}}?52 ?{{/U}}withotheractivities.??Onestudyearlierthisyear foundthatpersonswhosleepforafewminutesduringthedaywereless {{U}}?53?{{/U}}todieofdisease.Thestudyfollowedmorethan2300 Greekadults{{U}}?54?{{/U}}aboutsixyears.Adultwhorestedforhalf anhour{{U}}?55?{{/U}}threetimesaweekhada37percentlowerrisk ofdyingfromheartdiseasethanthosewhodidnotnap.??Study organizerssaidthestrongestevidencewasinworkingmen.Theysaidnapsmight improve{{U}}?56?{{/U}}bymitigatingtensioncausedbywork.? ?SomeEuropeanandLatinAmericanbusinesseshavesupportedthe {{U}}?57?{{/U}}ofnappingformanyyears.Theyurgepeopleto {{U}}?58?{{/U}}workgohomeandhaveanapbeforereturning.Inthe UnitedStatessomecompaniesletworkersrestbrieflyintheiroffices.They believethisreduces{{U}}?59?{{/U}}andaccidentsand{{U}}?60 ?{{/U}}increasestheamountofworkapersoncando.??Sleep expertssayitislikelythatpeoplemakemoremistakesatworkthanatother times.Theysaypeopleshouldnotcarryoutimportantdutieswhentheyfeel {{U}}?61?{{/U}}.Andtheysaythebestthingtodoistotakeanap. Abouttwentyminutesofrestis{{U}}?62?{{/U}}youneed.Expertssay thisprovidesextraenergyandcanincreaseyoureffectiveness{{U}}?63 ?{{/U}}theendoftheday.Butexpertswarnthatanap{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}lastnomorethantwentytothirtyminutes.Alongernapwillputthe bodyintodeepsleepandwakingupwillbe{{U}}?65 ?{{/U}}.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ?? RenewableEnergySources? ?Todaypetroleum石油providesaround40%oftheworld’senergyneeds mostlyfuellingautomobiles.Coalisstillusedmostlyinpowerstationsto coverone-quarterofourenergyneedsbutitistheleastefficient unhealthiestandmostenvironmentallydamagingfossilfuel矿物燃料.Naturalgas reservescouldfillsomeofthegapfromoilbutreservesofthatwillnotlast intothe22ndcenturyeither.Mostexpertspredictwewillexhausteasily accessiblereserveswithin50years.Less-pollutingrenewableenergysources offeramorepracticallong-termenergysolution.Renewablereferstothefact thattheseresourcesarenotusedfasterthantheycanbereplaced.? ?Hydroelectric水力发电的powerisnowthemostcommonformofrenewable energysupplyingaround20%ofworldelectricity.China’sThreeGorgesDamis thelargestever.AtfivetimesthesizeoftheUS’sHooverDamit’s26 turbines涡轮机willgeneratetheequivalentenergyof18coal-firedpower stations.Itwillsatisfy3%ofChina’sentireelectricitydemand.? ?In2003thefirstcommercialpowerstationtousetidal潮汐的currentsin theopenseaopenedinNorway.Itisdesignedlikewindmill风车butothers taketheformofturbines.??Aspricesfallwindpowerhasbecome thefastestgrowingtypeofelectricitygenerationquadrupling翻两番worldwide between1999and2005．Modernwindfarmsconsistofturbinesthatgenerate electricity.Thoughitwillbemoreexpensivethereismorethanenoughwindto providetheworld’sentireenergyneeds.Windfarmscomeinonshoreandoffshore forms.Theycanoftenendupatspotsofnaturalbeautyandareoftenunpopular withresidents.Andturbinesarenottotallyharmless—theycaninterferewith radaralterclimateandkillseabirds.?ScotlandisbuildingEurope’s largestwindfarmwhichwillpower200000homes.TheUK’sgoalistogenerate one-fifthofpowerfromrenewablesourcesmainlywindby2020．Butthismay causeproblemsbecausewindisunreliable.Accordingtothepassageresourceslikewindare______.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 ?? RisingTuitionintheUS? ?EveryspringUSuniversityadministratorsgathertodiscussthenext academicyear’sbudget.Theyconsiderfacultysalariesutilitycostsfor dormitoriesnewbuildingneedsandrepairstooldones.Theyrunthenumbers andconclude—itseemsinevitably—thatyetagainthecostoftuitionmustgo up.??AccordingtotheUS’sCollegeBoardthepriceofattending afour-yearprivateuniversityintheUSrose81percentbetween1993and 2004．{{U}}?46?{{/U}}In2005and2006thenumberscontinuedto rise.??Accordingtouniversityofficialscollegecostincreases aresimplytheresultofbalancinguniversitycheckbooks.Tuitionincreasesat CedarvilleUniversityaredeterminedbyourrevenueneedsforeachyear.said theuniversity’spresidentDrBillBrown.Studenttuitionpaysfor78percent oftheuniversity’soperatingcosts.Brown’sschoolisaprivateuniversity thatenrollsabout3100undergradsandisconsistentlyrecognizedbyannual collegerankingguideslikeUSNewsandWorldReport’sandThePrinceton Review’s.{{U}}?47?{{/U}}??Tuitionatprivate universitiesissetbyadministrationofficialsandthensentforapprovalto theschool’sboardoftrustees董事.{{U}}?48?{{/U}}Thisboardoversees 监管allofastate’spublicinstitutions.??JohnDurham assistantsecretarytotheboardoftrusteesatEastCarolinaUniversityECU explainsthatstateLawsaysthatpublicinstitutionsmustmaketheirservices availablewheneverpossibletothepeopleofthestateforfree.Durhamsaid thatNorthCarolinaresidentsonlypay22percentofthecostoftheir education.{{U}}?49?{{/U}}StateresidentsattendingECUpayaboutUS $10000fortuitionroomandboardbeforefinancialaid.??Amid thenewsaboutcontinuedincreasesincollegecostshoweverthereissomegood news.Tuitionincreaseshavebeenaccompaniedbyroughlyequalincreasesin financialaidatalmosteveryuniversity.ToreceivefinancialaidUSstudents completeaformalapplicationwiththefederalgovernment.Thefederal governmentthendecideswhetheranapplicantiseligible有资格的forgrantsor loans.{{U}}?50?{{/U}}A．Theapplicationisthensenttothe student’suniversitywheretheschoolitselfwilldecidewhetherfreemoney willbegiventothestudentandhowmuch.B．Atpublicuniversitieshowever tuitionincreasesmustalsobeapprovedbyastateeducationcommittee sometimescalledtheboardofgovernors.C．TheschoolcurrentlychargesUS$ 23410ayearfortuition.D．ManyAmericanpeoplearesimplyunabletopay thegrowingcostoffood.E.That’smorethandoubletherateof inflation.F.Thestategovernmentcoverstherest.
MylittledaughterkeptpullingmyhairandIwasreallyannoyed.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ?? TakingaNapduringtheDay? ?MedicalexpertssaymostAmericansdonotget{{U}}?51?{{/U}} sleep.TheysaymoreAmericansneedtorestforashortperiodinthemiddleof theday.Theyareadvisingpeopletosleeplightlybefore{{U}}?52 ?{{/U}}withotheractivities.??Onestudyearlierthisyear foundthatpersonswhosleepforafewminutesduringthedaywereless {{U}}?53?{{/U}}todieofdisease.Thestudyfollowedmorethan2300 Greekadults{{U}}?54?{{/U}}aboutsixyears.Adultwhorestedforhalf anhour{{U}}?55?{{/U}}threetimesaweekhada37percentlowerrisk ofdyingfromheartdiseasethanthosewhodidnotnap.??Study organizerssaidthestrongestevidencewasinworkingmen.Theysaidnapsmight improve{{U}}?56?{{/U}}bymitigatingtensioncausedbywork.? ?SomeEuropeanandLatinAmericanbusinesseshavesupportedthe {{U}}?57?{{/U}}ofnappingformanyyears.Theyurgepeopleto {{U}}?58?{{/U}}workgohomeandhaveanapbeforereturning.Inthe UnitedStatessomecompaniesletworkersrestbrieflyintheiroffices.They believethisreduces{{U}}?59?{{/U}}andaccidentsand{{U}}?60 ?{{/U}}increasestheamountofworkapersoncando.??Sleep expertssayitislikelythatpeoplemakemoremistakesatworkthanatother times.Theysaypeopleshouldnotcarryoutimportantdutieswhentheyfeel {{U}}?61?{{/U}}.Andtheysaythebestthingtodoistotakeanap. Abouttwentyminutesofrestis{{U}}?62?{{/U}}youneed.Expertssay thisprovidesextraenergyandcanincreaseyoureffectiveness{{U}}?63 ?{{/U}}theendoftheday.Butexpertswarnthatanap{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}lastnomorethantwentytothirtyminutes.Alongernapwillputthe bodyintodeepsleepandwakingupwillbe{{U}}?65 ?{{/U}}.
AHierarchyofHormones Allofthecellsinaparticularplantstartoutwiththesamecomplementofgenes.Howthencanthesecellsdifferentiateandfromstructuresasdifferentasrootsstemsleavesandfruits?Theansweristhatonlyasmallsubsetofthegenesinaparticularkindofcellareexpressedorturnedonatagiventime.Thisisaccomplishedbyacomplexsystemofchemicalmessengersthatinplantsincludehormonesandotherregulatorymolecules.Fivemajorhormoneshavebeenidentified;auxin生长素abscisicacid脱落酸cytokinin细胞激动素hetylene乙烯andgibberellin赤霉素.Studiesofplantshavenowidentifiedanewclassofregulatorymoleculescalledoligosaccharins. Unliketheoligosaccharinsthefivewell-knownplanthormonesarepleiotropic多向性的ratherthanspecificthatiseachhasmorethanoneeffectonthegrowthanddevelopmentofplants.Thefivehavesomanysimultaneouseffectsthattheyarenotveryusefulinartificiallycontrollingthegrowthofcrops.Auxinforinstancestimulatestherateofcellelongation拉长causesshootstogrowupandrootstogrowdownandinhibitsthegrowthoflateral侧面的shoots.Auxinalsocausestheplanttodevelopavascular维管的systemtofromlateralrootsandtoproduceethylene. Thepleiotropyofthefivewell-studiedplanthormonesissomewhatanalogous类似的tothatofcertainhormonesinanimal.Forexamplehormonesfromthehypothalamus下五脑inthebrainstimulatetheanterior前面的lobeofthepituitaryglandtosynthesizeandreleasemanydifferenthormonesoneofwhichstimulatesthereleaseofhormonesfromtheadrenal肾上腺的cortex皮质|.Thesehormoneshavespecificeffectsontargetorgansalloverthebody.Onehormonestimulatesthethyroid甲状腺的glandforexampleanothertheovarian子房folliclecellsandsoforth.Inotherwordsthereisahierarchy统治集团ofhormones. Suchahierarchymayalsoexistinplants.Oligosaccharinsarefragmentsofthecellwallreleasedbyenzymes酶:differentenzymesreleasedifferentoligosaccharins.Thereareindicationsthatpleiotropicplanthormonesmayactuallyfunctionbyactivatingtheenzymesthatreleasetheseothermorespecificchemicalmessengersfromthecellwall. Accordingtothepassagethefivewell-knownplanthormonesarenotusefulincontrollingthegrowthofcropsbecause______.
MemoryClass StanFieldknowswhatagecandotoaperson’’smemoryandhe’’snottakinganychanceswithhis.Hechooseshisfoodcarefullyandgetsplentyofexercise.Healsoavoidsstresscocacolaandcigarettesmoke. What’’smoreatbreakfasteachmorningthe69-year-oldchemicalengineerswallowsaplatefulofpillsinthehopeofboostinghisbrainpower. MichelleAmoveislessthanhalfField’’sagebutnolessconcernedabouthermemory.Whileworkingroundtheclocktofinishadegreeinfilmstudiesthe33-year-oldNewYorkerhadthealarmingsensationthatshehadstoppedretaininganything.Icouldn’’tevenremembernamesshesays.IthoughtOhnoI’’mover30.It’’salldownhillfromhere.BesidesloadinguponsupplementsAmovesignedupforamemoryenhancingcourseatNewYork’’sMountSianiMedicalCenter.Andwhenshegotthereshefoundherselfsurroundedbypeoplewhowerejustasworriedasshewas. FormillionsofAmericansandespeciallyforbabyboomers生育高峰出生的人thedemandsoftheInformationAgeconflictwithasenseofdecliningphysicalpower.Whenboomerswereintheir30sand40stheylaunchedthefitnessboomsaysCynthiaGreenthepsychologistwhoteachesMountSinai’’smemoryclass.Nowwehavethemental-fitnessboomMemoryistheboomers’’newlife-crisisissue.Andofcourseamajormarketingopportunity.ThedemandforbooksandseminarshasneverbeengreatersaysJackLannomalongtimememorytrainerwhoseweeklyTVshowMindUnlimitedgoesoutto33millionhomesontheChristianNetwork.Anxiousconsumersarerushingtobuydo-it-yourselfprogramsandsupplementmakersaretryingtoselleverythingbutsawdust木屑asabrainbooster. Butbeforeyougetoutyourcheckbookafewquestionsareinorder.Doeseverydayforgetfulnesssignaldecliningbrainfunction?Ismegamemory超级记忆arealisticgoalfornormalpeople?Andifyoucouldhaveaperfectmemorywouldyoureallywantit?Untilrecentlynoonecouldaddressthoseissueswithmuchauthoritybutourknowledgeofmemoryisexploding.Newtechniquesarerevealinghowdifferentpartsofthebraininteracttopreservemeaningfulexperiences.Biologistsaretryingtounderstandtheunderlying潜在的chemicalprocessesandneuroscientists神经系统科学家arediscoveringhowagestressandotherfactorscandisruptthem.Nooneisclosetofindingthesecrettoperfectrecallbutasyou’’llseethatmaybejustaswell. Whatisthemeaningofworkingroundtheclock?
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ?? TakingaNapduringtheDay? ?MedicalexpertssaymostAmericansdonotget{{U}}?51?{{/U}} sleep.TheysaymoreAmericansneedtorestforashortperiodinthemiddleof theday.Theyareadvisingpeopletosleeplightlybefore{{U}}?52 ?{{/U}}withotheractivities.??Onestudyearlierthisyear foundthatpersonswhosleepforafewminutesduringthedaywereless {{U}}?53?{{/U}}todieofdisease.Thestudyfollowedmorethan2300 Greekadults{{U}}?54?{{/U}}aboutsixyears.Adultwhorestedforhalf anhour{{U}}?55?{{/U}}threetimesaweekhada37percentlowerrisk ofdyingfromheartdiseasethanthosewhodidnotnap.??Study organizerssaidthestrongestevidencewasinworkingmen.Theysaidnapsmight improve{{U}}?56?{{/U}}bymitigatingtensioncausedbywork.? ?SomeEuropeanandLatinAmericanbusinesseshavesupportedthe {{U}}?57?{{/U}}ofnappingformanyyears.Theyurgepeopleto {{U}}?58?{{/U}}workgohomeandhaveanapbeforereturning.Inthe UnitedStatessomecompaniesletworkersrestbrieflyintheiroffices.They believethisreduces{{U}}?59?{{/U}}andaccidentsand{{U}}?60 ?{{/U}}increasestheamountofworkapersoncando.??Sleep expertssayitislikelythatpeoplemakemoremistakesatworkthanatother times.Theysaypeopleshouldnotcarryoutimportantdutieswhentheyfeel {{U}}?61?{{/U}}.Andtheysaythebestthingtodoistotakeanap. Abouttwentyminutesofrestis{{U}}?62?{{/U}}youneed.Expertssay thisprovidesextraenergyandcanincreaseyoureffectiveness{{U}}?63 ?{{/U}}theendoftheday.Butexpertswarnthatanap{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}lastnomorethantwentytothirtyminutes.Alongernapwillputthe bodyintodeepsleepandwakingupwillbe{{U}}?65 ?{{/U}}.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ?? TakingaNapduringtheDay? ?MedicalexpertssaymostAmericansdonotget{{U}}?51?{{/U}} sleep.TheysaymoreAmericansneedtorestforashortperiodinthemiddleof theday.Theyareadvisingpeopletosleeplightlybefore{{U}}?52 ?{{/U}}withotheractivities.??Onestudyearlierthisyear foundthatpersonswhosleepforafewminutesduringthedaywereless {{U}}?53?{{/U}}todieofdisease.Thestudyfollowedmorethan2300 Greekadults{{U}}?54?{{/U}}aboutsixyears.Adultwhorestedforhalf anhour{{U}}?55?{{/U}}threetimesaweekhada37percentlowerrisk ofdyingfromheartdiseasethanthosewhodidnotnap.??Study organizerssaidthestrongestevidencewasinworkingmen.Theysaidnapsmight improve{{U}}?56?{{/U}}bymitigatingtensioncausedbywork.? ?SomeEuropeanandLatinAmericanbusinesseshavesupportedthe {{U}}?57?{{/U}}ofnappingformanyyears.Theyurgepeopleto {{U}}?58?{{/U}}workgohomeandhaveanapbeforereturning.Inthe UnitedStatessomecompaniesletworkersrestbrieflyintheiroffices.They believethisreduces{{U}}?59?{{/U}}andaccidentsand{{U}}?60 ?{{/U}}increasestheamountofworkapersoncando.??Sleep expertssayitislikelythatpeoplemakemoremistakesatworkthanatother times.Theysaypeopleshouldnotcarryoutimportantdutieswhentheyfeel {{U}}?61?{{/U}}.Andtheysaythebestthingtodoistotakeanap. Abouttwentyminutesofrestis{{U}}?62?{{/U}}youneed.Expertssay thisprovidesextraenergyandcanincreaseyoureffectiveness{{U}}?63 ?{{/U}}theendoftheday.Butexpertswarnthatanap{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}lastnomorethantwentytothirtyminutes.Alongernapwillputthe bodyintodeepsleepandwakingupwillbe{{U}}?65 ?{{/U}}.
MemoryClass StanFieldknowswhatagecandotoaperson’’smemoryandhe’’snottakinganychanceswithhis.Hechooseshisfoodcarefullyandgetsplentyofexercise.Healsoavoidsstresscocacolaandcigarettesmoke. What’’smoreatbreakfasteachmorningthe69-year-oldchemicalengineerswallowsaplatefulofpillsinthehopeofboostinghisbrainpower. MichelleAmoveislessthanhalfField’’sagebutnolessconcernedabouthermemory.Whileworkingroundtheclocktofinishadegreeinfilmstudiesthe33-year-oldNewYorkerhadthealarmingsensationthatshehadstoppedretaininganything.Icouldn’’tevenremembernamesshesays.IthoughtOhnoI’’mover30.It’’salldownhillfromhere.BesidesloadinguponsupplementsAmovesignedupforamemoryenhancingcourseatNewYork’’sMountSianiMedicalCenter.Andwhenshegotthereshefoundherselfsurroundedbypeoplewhowerejustasworriedasshewas. FormillionsofAmericansandespeciallyforbabyboomers生育高峰出生的人thedemandsoftheInformationAgeconflictwithasenseofdecliningphysicalpower.Whenboomerswereintheir30sand40stheylaunchedthefitnessboomsaysCynthiaGreenthepsychologistwhoteachesMountSinai’’smemoryclass.Nowwehavethemental-fitnessboomMemoryistheboomers’’newlife-crisisissue.Andofcourseamajormarketingopportunity.ThedemandforbooksandseminarshasneverbeengreatersaysJackLannomalongtimememorytrainerwhoseweeklyTVshowMindUnlimitedgoesoutto33millionhomesontheChristianNetwork.Anxiousconsumersarerushingtobuydo-it-yourselfprogramsandsupplementmakersaretryingtoselleverythingbutsawdust木屑asabrainbooster. Butbeforeyougetoutyourcheckbookafewquestionsareinorder.Doeseverydayforgetfulnesssignaldecliningbrainfunction?Ismegamemory超级记忆arealisticgoalfornormalpeople?Andifyoucouldhaveaperfectmemorywouldyoureallywantit?Untilrecentlynoonecouldaddressthoseissueswithmuchauthoritybutourknowledgeofmemoryisexploding.Newtechniquesarerevealinghowdifferentpartsofthebraininteracttopreservemeaningfulexperiences.Biologistsaretryingtounderstandtheunderlying潜在的chemicalprocessesandneuroscientists神经系统科学家arediscoveringhowagestressandotherfactorscandisruptthem.Nooneisclosetofindingthesecrettoperfectrecallbutasyou’’llseethatmaybejustaswell. WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTindicatepeoplesenhancedawarenessoftheimportanceofmemory?
HeappearedtobeabsorbedinthesportsnewsonTV.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ?? TakingaNapduringtheDay? ?MedicalexpertssaymostAmericansdonotget{{U}}?51?{{/U}} sleep.TheysaymoreAmericansneedtorestforashortperiodinthemiddleof theday.Theyareadvisingpeopletosleeplightlybefore{{U}}?52 ?{{/U}}withotheractivities.??Onestudyearlierthisyear foundthatpersonswhosleepforafewminutesduringthedaywereless {{U}}?53?{{/U}}todieofdisease.Thestudyfollowedmorethan2300 Greekadults{{U}}?54?{{/U}}aboutsixyears.Adultwhorestedforhalf anhour{{U}}?55?{{/U}}threetimesaweekhada37percentlowerrisk ofdyingfromheartdiseasethanthosewhodidnotnap.??Study organizerssaidthestrongestevidencewasinworkingmen.Theysaidnapsmight improve{{U}}?56?{{/U}}bymitigatingtensioncausedbywork.? ?SomeEuropeanandLatinAmericanbusinesseshavesupportedthe {{U}}?57?{{/U}}ofnappingformanyyears.Theyurgepeopleto {{U}}?58?{{/U}}workgohomeandhaveanapbeforereturning.Inthe UnitedStatessomecompaniesletworkersrestbrieflyintheiroffices.They believethisreduces{{U}}?59?{{/U}}andaccidentsand{{U}}?60 ?{{/U}}increasestheamountofworkapersoncando.??Sleep expertssayitislikelythatpeoplemakemoremistakesatworkthanatother times.Theysaypeopleshouldnotcarryoutimportantdutieswhentheyfeel {{U}}?61?{{/U}}.Andtheysaythebestthingtodoistotakeanap. Abouttwentyminutesofrestis{{U}}?62?{{/U}}youneed.Expertssay thisprovidesextraenergyandcanincreaseyoureffectiveness{{U}}?63 ?{{/U}}theendoftheday.Butexpertswarnthatanap{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}lastnomorethantwentytothirtyminutes.Alongernapwillputthe bodyintodeepsleepandwakingupwillbe{{U}}?65 ?{{/U}}.
Thelandcrabaforest-floorscavengernativetotropicalAmericamigratestothewatertobreed.
Hisplanshouldsucceedforitseemsquitefeasible.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 ?? RisingTuitionintheUS? ?EveryspringUSuniversityadministratorsgathertodiscussthenext academicyear’sbudget.Theyconsiderfacultysalariesutilitycostsfor dormitoriesnewbuildingneedsandrepairstooldones.Theyrunthenumbers andconclude—itseemsinevitably—thatyetagainthecostoftuitionmustgo up.??AccordingtotheUS’sCollegeBoardthepriceofattending afour-yearprivateuniversityintheUSrose81percentbetween1993and 2004．{{U}}?46?{{/U}}In2005and2006thenumberscontinuedto rise.??Accordingtouniversityofficialscollegecostincreases aresimplytheresultofbalancinguniversitycheckbooks.Tuitionincreasesat CedarvilleUniversityaredeterminedbyourrevenueneedsforeachyear.said theuniversity’spresidentDrBillBrown.Studenttuitionpaysfor78percent oftheuniversity’soperatingcosts.Brown’sschoolisaprivateuniversity thatenrollsabout3100undergradsandisconsistentlyrecognizedbyannual collegerankingguideslikeUSNewsandWorldReport’sandThePrinceton Review’s.{{U}}?47?{{/U}}??Tuitionatprivate universitiesissetbyadministrationofficialsandthensentforapprovalto theschool’sboardoftrustees董事.{{U}}?48?{{/U}}Thisboardoversees 监管allofastate’spublicinstitutions.??JohnDurham assistantsecretarytotheboardoftrusteesatEastCarolinaUniversityECU explainsthatstateLawsaysthatpublicinstitutionsmustmaketheirservices availablewheneverpossibletothepeopleofthestateforfree.Durhamsaid thatNorthCarolinaresidentsonlypay22percentofthecostoftheir education.{{U}}?49?{{/U}}StateresidentsattendingECUpayaboutUS $10000fortuitionroomandboardbeforefinancialaid.??Amid thenewsaboutcontinuedincreasesincollegecostshoweverthereissomegood news.Tuitionincreaseshavebeenaccompaniedbyroughlyequalincreasesin financialaidatalmosteveryuniversity.ToreceivefinancialaidUSstudents completeaformalapplicationwiththefederalgovernment.Thefederal governmentthendecideswhetheranapplicantiseligible有资格的forgrantsor loans.{{U}}?50?{{/U}}A．Theapplicationisthensenttothe student’suniversitywheretheschoolitselfwilldecidewhetherfreemoney willbegiventothestudentandhowmuch.B．Atpublicuniversitieshowever tuitionincreasesmustalsobeapprovedbyastateeducationcommittee sometimescalledtheboardofgovernors.C．TheschoolcurrentlychargesUS$ 23410ayearfortuition.D．ManyAmericanpeoplearesimplyunabletopay thegrowingcostoffood.E.That’smorethandoubletherateof inflation.F.Thestategovernmentcoverstherest.
Grandfatherwouldstayuptillsmallhoursreading.
Nurses Thephysiciansinahospitalformthecoreofthemedicalstaff.Buttheycouldnotprovideeffectivemedicalcaretotheirpatientswithoutthehelpofnumerousothermedicalworkers.Fromtheangleofthepatientsthenursingstaffisparticularlyimportant.Nursesareusuallyinclosecontactwithpatientsaslongastheyareinthehospital. Anursedoesnotstudyforasmanyyearsasadoctor.Howevereachmustbeequallytrained.Caringforsickpersonsrequiresagreatdealofpatienceandconcern.Mostnursesworklongdaysandtheyoftenmustworkatoddhoursorduringthenight. Thenursingstaffinahospitalisusuallyquitelargeandvarious.Nursingservicesafterallmustbeprovidedona24-hourbasis.Thereareprofessional专业的nursespracticalnursesnursesaidsandorderlies勤杂工.Thegeneraltermnursereferstoapersontrainedtoofferbedsidecaretosickpersons. Underthesupervision管理oftheheadnursethenursingstaffinahospitalwardmustattendtopatients’’needs.Thisresponsibilitycontinuesaroundtheclockandsonursesmustworkinshifts.Ashiftisaperiodofdutyusuallyeighthoursinlength.Thenursesonthewardrotate轮换theirshifts.Sometaketurnsworkingnightduty;othersworkoddshifts.Allofthemworkoutofacentralareaonthewardcalledthenursesstation. Anursemustalwaysbeonherguard.Shecanneveraffordtobecareless.Thisistrueinallnursingsituationsbutitisespeciallytrueintheintensivecareunit.Patientsunderintensivecarearecriticallyillandtheymustbemonitoredatalltimes.Thenurseswhodointensivecaredutyhaveoneofthemostdemandingjobsinthehospital. Thephysiciansinahospitalarelessimportantthanthenursingstaff.
Inviolinmakingthechoiceofthewoodiscrucial.
Hisnewgirlfriendomittedtotellhimthatshewasmarried.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ?? TakingaNapduringtheDay? ?MedicalexpertssaymostAmericansdonotget{{U}}?51?{{/U}} sleep.TheysaymoreAmericansneedtorestforashortperiodinthemiddleof theday.Theyareadvisingpeopletosleeplightlybefore{{U}}?52 ?{{/U}}withotheractivities.??Onestudyearlierthisyear foundthatpersonswhosleepforafewminutesduringthedaywereless {{U}}?53?{{/U}}todieofdisease.Thestudyfollowedmorethan2300 Greekadults{{U}}?54?{{/U}}aboutsixyears.Adultwhorestedforhalf anhour{{U}}?55?{{/U}}threetimesaweekhada37percentlowerrisk ofdyingfromheartdiseasethanthosewhodidnotnap.??Study organizerssaidthestrongestevidencewasinworkingmen.Theysaidnapsmight improve{{U}}?56?{{/U}}bymitigatingtensioncausedbywork.? ?SomeEuropeanandLatinAmericanbusinesseshavesupportedthe {{U}}?57?{{/U}}ofnappingformanyyears.Theyurgepeopleto {{U}}?58?{{/U}}workgohomeandhaveanapbeforereturning.Inthe UnitedStatessomecompaniesletworkersrestbrieflyintheiroffices.They believethisreduces{{U}}?59?{{/U}}andaccidentsand{{U}}?60 ?{{/U}}increasestheamountofworkapersoncando.??Sleep expertssayitislikelythatpeoplemakemoremistakesatworkthanatother times.Theysaypeopleshouldnotcarryoutimportantdutieswhentheyfeel {{U}}?61?{{/U}}.Andtheysaythebestthingtodoistotakeanap. Abouttwentyminutesofrestis{{U}}?62?{{/U}}youneed.Expertssay thisprovidesextraenergyandcanincreaseyoureffectiveness{{U}}?63 ?{{/U}}theendoftheday.Butexpertswarnthatanap{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}lastnomorethantwentytothirtyminutes.Alongernapwillputthe bodyintodeepsleepandwakingupwillbe{{U}}?65 ?{{/U}}.
Nurses Thephysiciansinahospitalformthecoreofthemedicalstaff.Buttheycouldnotprovideeffectivemedicalcaretotheirpatientswithoutthehelpofnumerousothermedicalworkers.Fromtheangleofthepatientsthenursingstaffisparticularlyimportant.Nursesareusuallyinclosecontactwithpatientsaslongastheyareinthehospital. Anursedoesnotstudyforasmanyyearsasadoctor.Howevereachmustbeequallytrained.Caringforsickpersonsrequiresagreatdealofpatienceandconcern.Mostnursesworklongdaysandtheyoftenmustworkatoddhoursorduringthenight. Thenursingstaffinahospitalisusuallyquitelargeandvarious.Nursingservicesafterallmustbeprovidedona24-hourbasis.Thereareprofessional专业的nursespracticalnursesnursesaidsandorderlies勤杂工.Thegeneraltermnursereferstoapersontrainedtoofferbedsidecaretosickpersons. Underthesupervision管理oftheheadnursethenursingstaffinahospitalwardmustattendtopatients’’needs.Thisresponsibilitycontinuesaroundtheclockandsonursesmustworkinshifts.Ashiftisaperiodofdutyusuallyeighthoursinlength.Thenursesonthewardrotate轮换theirshifts.Sometaketurnsworkingnightduty;othersworkoddshifts.Allofthemworkoutofacentralareaonthewardcalledthenursesstation. Anursemustalwaysbeonherguard.Shecanneveraffordtobecareless.Thisistrueinallnursingsituationsbutitisespeciallytrueintheintensivecareunit.Patientsunderintensivecarearecriticallyillandtheymustbemonitoredatalltimes.Thenurseswhodointensivecaredutyhaveoneofthemostdemandingjobsinthehospital. Nurseswhoworkintheintensivecareunitinahospitalarebettertrainedthanothernurses.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ?? TakingaNapduringtheDay? ?MedicalexpertssaymostAmericansdonotget{{U}}?51?{{/U}} sleep.TheysaymoreAmericansneedtorestforashortperiodinthemiddleof theday.Theyareadvisingpeopletosleeplightlybefore{{U}}?52 ?{{/U}}withotheractivities.??Onestudyearlierthisyear foundthatpersonswhosleepforafewminutesduringthedaywereless {{U}}?53?{{/U}}todieofdisease.Thestudyfollowedmorethan2300 Greekadults{{U}}?54?{{/U}}aboutsixyears.Adultwhorestedforhalf anhour{{U}}?55?{{/U}}threetimesaweekhada37percentlowerrisk ofdyingfromheartdiseasethanthosewhodidnotnap.??Study organizerssaidthestrongestevidencewasinworkingmen.Theysaidnapsmight improve{{U}}?56?{{/U}}bymitigatingtensioncausedbywork.? ?SomeEuropeanandLatinAmericanbusinesseshavesupportedthe {{U}}?57?{{/U}}ofnappingformanyyears.Theyurgepeopleto {{U}}?58?{{/U}}workgohomeandhaveanapbeforereturning.Inthe UnitedStatessomecompaniesletworkersrestbrieflyintheiroffices.They believethisreduces{{U}}?59?{{/U}}andaccidentsand{{U}}?60 ?{{/U}}increasestheamountofworkapersoncando.??Sleep expertssayitislikelythatpeoplemakemoremistakesatworkthanatother times.Theysaypeopleshouldnotcarryoutimportantdutieswhentheyfeel {{U}}?61?{{/U}}.Andtheysaythebestthingtodoistotakeanap. Abouttwentyminutesofrestis{{U}}?62?{{/U}}youneed.Expertssay thisprovidesextraenergyandcanincreaseyoureffectiveness{{U}}?63 ?{{/U}}theendoftheday.Butexpertswarnthatanap{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}lastnomorethantwentytothirtyminutes.Alongernapwillputthe bodyintodeepsleepandwakingupwillbe{{U}}?65 ?{{/U}}.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ?? TakingaNapduringtheDay? ?MedicalexpertssaymostAmericansdonotget{{U}}?51?{{/U}} sleep.TheysaymoreAmericansneedtorestforashortperiodinthemiddleof theday.Theyareadvisingpeopletosleeplightlybefore{{U}}?52 ?{{/U}}withotheractivities.??Onestudyearlierthisyear foundthatpersonswhosleepforafewminutesduringthedaywereless {{U}}?53?{{/U}}todieofdisease.Thestudyfollowedmorethan2300 Greekadults{{U}}?54?{{/U}}aboutsixyears.Adultwhorestedforhalf anhour{{U}}?55?{{/U}}threetimesaweekhada37percentlowerrisk ofdyingfromheartdiseasethanthosewhodidnotnap.??Study organizerssaidthestrongestevidencewasinworkingmen.Theysaidnapsmight improve{{U}}?56?{{/U}}bymitigatingtensioncausedbywork.? ?SomeEuropeanandLatinAmericanbusinesseshavesupportedthe {{U}}?57?{{/U}}ofnappingformanyyears.Theyurgepeopleto {{U}}?58?{{/U}}workgohomeandhaveanapbeforereturning.Inthe UnitedStatessomecompaniesletworkersrestbrieflyintheiroffices.They believethisreduces{{U}}?59?{{/U}}andaccidentsand{{U}}?60 ?{{/U}}increasestheamountofworkapersoncando.??Sleep expertssayitislikelythatpeoplemakemoremistakesatworkthanatother times.Theysaypeopleshouldnotcarryoutimportantdutieswhentheyfeel {{U}}?61?{{/U}}.Andtheysaythebestthingtodoistotakeanap. Abouttwentyminutesofrestis{{U}}?62?{{/U}}youneed.Expertssay thisprovidesextraenergyandcanincreaseyoureffectiveness{{U}}?63 ?{{/U}}theendoftheday.Butexpertswarnthatanap{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}lastnomorethantwentytothirtyminutes.Alongernapwillputthe bodyintodeepsleepandwakingupwillbe{{U}}?65 ?{{/U}}.
Nurses Thephysiciansinahospitalformthecoreofthemedicalstaff.Buttheycouldnotprovideeffectivemedicalcaretotheirpatientswithoutthehelpofnumerousothermedicalworkers.Fromtheangleofthepatientsthenursingstaffisparticularlyimportant.Nursesareusuallyinclosecontactwithpatientsaslongastheyareinthehospital. Anursedoesnotstudyforasmanyyearsasadoctor.Howevereachmustbeequallytrained.Caringforsickpersonsrequiresagreatdealofpatienceandconcern.Mostnursesworklongdaysandtheyoftenmustworkatoddhoursorduringthenight. Thenursingstaffinahospitalisusuallyquitelargeandvarious.Nursingservicesafterallmustbeprovidedona24-hourbasis.Thereareprofessional专业的nursespracticalnursesnursesaidsandorderlies勤杂工.Thegeneraltermnursereferstoapersontrainedtoofferbedsidecaretosickpersons. Underthesupervision管理oftheheadnursethenursingstaffinahospitalwardmustattendtopatients’’needs.Thisresponsibilitycontinuesaroundtheclockandsonursesmustworkinshifts.Ashiftisaperiodofdutyusuallyeighthoursinlength.Thenursesonthewardrotate轮换theirshifts.Sometaketurnsworkingnightduty;othersworkoddshifts.Allofthemworkoutofacentralareaonthewardcalledthenursesstation. Anursemustalwaysbeonherguard.Shecanneveraffordtobecareless.Thisistrueinallnursingsituationsbutitisespeciallytrueintheintensivecareunit.Patientsunderintensivecarearecriticallyillandtheymustbemonitoredatalltimes.Thenurseswhodointensivecaredutyhaveoneofthemostdemandingjobsinthehospital. Anurseisnotqualifiedifshedoesnothavepatienceandshowconcernforherpatients.
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