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Do you sleep well? Some people get off to sleep as soon as the head hits the pillow, but many other...
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高中英语《山东省淄博市六中2016届高三上学期学分认定考试 试卷 试题及答案》真题及答案
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Howmuchsleepisenough?Tostayingoodhealthsomeexperti
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阅读下面短文根据汉语或首字母提示在每个空格内填入一个适当的英语单词所填单词要求意义准确拼写完整正确W
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Somepeoplecanstayupallnightandstillgetworkdonethen
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Hereisanastonishingandsignificantfact:Mentalworkalonecan'tmakeustireD.ItsoundsabsurD.Butafewyearsagoscientiststriedtofindouthowlongthehumanbraincouldlaborwithoutreachingastageoffatigue疲劳.Totheamazementofthesescientiststheydiscoveredthatbloodpassingthroughthebrainwhenitisactiveshowsnofatigueatall!Ifwetookadropofbloodfromadaylaborerwecouldfinditfulloffatiguetoxins霉素andfatigueproducts.ButifwetookbloodfromthebrainofanAlbertEinsteinitwouldshownofatiguetoxinsattheendoftheday.Sofarasthebrainisconcerneditcanworkaswellandswiftlyattheendofeightoreventwelvehoursofeffortsasatthebeginning.Thebrainistotallytireless.Sowhatmakesustired?Somescientistsdeclarethatmostofourfatiguecomesfromourmentalandemotional情感的attitudes.OneofEngland'smostoutstandingscientistsJ.A.HadfieldsaysThegreaterpartofthefatiguefromwhichwesufferisofmentalorigin.InfactfatigueofpurelyphysicaloriginisrarE.Dr.BrillafamousAmericanscientistgoesevenfurther.HedeclaresOnehundredpercentofthefatigueofasittingworkeringoodhealthisduetoemotionalproblems.Whatkindsofemotionsmakesittingworkerstired?Joy?Satisfaction?No!A.feelingofbeingboredangeranxietytensenessworryafeelingofnotbeingappreciated—thosearetheemotionsthattiresittingworkers.HardworkbyitselfseldomcausesfatiguE.Wegettiredbecauseouremotionsproducenervousnessinthebody.28.Whatsurprisedthescientistsafewyearsago?A.Fatiguetoxinscouldhardlybefoundinalaborer'sblooD.B.AlbertEinsteindidn'tfeelwornoutafteraday'swork.C.ThebraincouldworkformanyhourswithoutfatiguE.D.Amentalworker'sbloodwasfilledwithfatiguetoxins.29.Accordingtotheauthorwhichofthefollowingcanmakesittingworkerstired?A.Challengingmentalwork.B.Unpleasantemotions.C.Endlesstasks.D.Physicallabor.30.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsthescientists'ideas?A.Heagreeswiththem.B.Hedoubtsthem.C.Hearguesagainstthem.D.Hehesitatestoacceptthem.31.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatinordertostayenergeticsittingworkersneedto_____.A.havesomegoodfoodB.enjoytheirworkC.exerciseregularlyD.discoverfatiguetoxins
GroupexerciseisoneofthemosteffectivewaystoimprovephysicalfitnessandsustainahealthylifestylE.Groupexerciseischallengingyetfunandempowering!Ofcourseeveryoneknowsthatexerciseisgoodforthebody.Howeverstudieshaveshownthatwhenexerciseisperformedingroupsit'snotonlygreatforimprovingphysicalhealthbutforpsychologicalhealth.It'sanopportunitytobesocialreleaseendorphinsandimproveyourstrength.AdditionallygroupexercisecreatesacommunityfeelandthesharedcommongoalmotivatesparticipantstoworkharD.TheinstrumentalsupportoftakingonafitnessjourneywithothersprovesmoreeffectivethangoingtothegymalonE.Anotherbeneficialaspectofgroupexerciseistheinformationalsupportparticipantsreceivefromtheinstructor.Manypeoplefearthegymbecausetheyfeellostanddon'twanttoembarrassthemselves.Ifyoufeelyoucanrelatethengrouptrainingisanevenbetteroptionforyou.It'sagreatopportunitytolearnmoreaboutfitnessthroughtheclearinstructionandsupervisionofafitnessinstructor.Ifyou'retiredofwanderingaroundthegymwastingtimeandbecomingbored!youcanattendanupbeatgroupfitnessclassthat'llkeepyourworkoutontrack.Don'tletfitnessfrightenyou!Ifyou'reseriousaboutwantingtoliveahealthylifestyleit'sextremelyimportanttosurroundyourselfwithpeoplewho'llprovideyouwiththeproperemotionalsupport.Iwouldn'tscoldanyonefordecidingtopartyonweekendsandinturnIwouldn'texpectanyonetogiveoffencetomeforfocusingonmyhealth.Surroundyourselfwithpeoplewhoupliftencourageandunderstandyou!MakefitnessevenmorefunbytryingsomethingneworanygroupfitnessclasswithafrienD.Plantogoforajogtogether.Thentryafunhealthyrestaurantorfreshjuicebar!Fitnesscanbebothfunandsocial!Surroundingyourselfwithpeoplewho'llprovideyouwithrespectsupportcanbeverybeneficialwhileworkingtowardsreachinghealthandfitnessgoals.FirstdecidetodoitforyourselfandworktowardsstayingpositivE.ThenmakesurethepeopleyousurroundyourselfwitharesupportivE.Don'tletnegativityruinyourmotivation.30.Thefirstparagraphfocuseson.A.thegreatestchallengeofgroupexerciseB.themosteffectivewaytoimprovephysicalfitnessC.thecontributionofgroupexercisetopsychologicalhealthD.thesharedcommongoalinperformingexerciseingroups31.TheunderlinedwordupbeatinthesecondparagraphprobablymeansA.cheerfulB.averageC.seriousD.temporal32.WhenitcomestoemotionalsupporttheauthorthinksitnecessaryA.tosustainacolorfullifestyleB.topartyonweekendswithpositivepeopleC.totryafunhealthyrestaurantregularlyD.tosurroundyourselfwithsupportivepeople33.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.SeekingSupportB.SupportingHealthC.ImprovingYourStrengthD.BuildingUpFitness
Howmanyhoursdoyouspendsittinginachaireveryday?EighthoursintheofficeplusthreehoursinfrontoftheTVafterworkistheusualsituationformanypeoplE.Youprobablydon’tneedanexperttotellyouthatsittingtoomuchisnotgoodforyourhealth—fromanincreasedriskofheartdiseaseandobesity肥胖inthelongtermtoreducedcholesterol胆固醇maintenanceintheshorttermnottomentionthepressureonyourneckandspine脊柱.TomakemattersworseagrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatthenegativeeffectsofsittingtoomuchcannotbecounteredwithagooddietandregularexerciseaccordingtoanarticleinTheNewYorkTimes.Thearticlereportedthatastudyofnearly9000Australiansfoundthatforeachadditionalhouroftelevisionapersonwatchedperdaytheriskofdyingroseby11percent.Inotherwordssittingiskillingus.21教育名师原创作品Standupforhealth.Healthexpertssuggestwebreakupthosemanyhoursspentsittingwithmorehoursspentstanding.TheBBCandtheUniversityofChesterintheUKconductedasimpleexperimentwithasmallgroupof10volunteerswhousuallyspentmostofthedaysitting.Theywereaskedtostandforatleastthreehoursaday.TheresearcherstookmeasurementsondayswhenthevolunteersstoodandwhentheysatarounD.Whentheylookedatthedatathereweresomestrikingdifferences.Bloodsugarbecamelevelafteramealmuchquickeronthedayswhenthevolunteersinthestudystoodcomparedwiththedaystheyspentinachair.Standingalsoburnedmorecalories热量单位卡路里—about50caloriesanhour.Overthecourseofayearthatwouldadduptoabout30000extracaloriesoraround3.63kilogramsoffat.JohnBuckleyamemberoftheresearchteamsaidthatalthoughdoingexerciseoffersmanyprovenbenefitsourbodiesalsoneedtheconstantalmostimperceptible感觉不到的increaseinmuscleactivitythatstandingprovides.Simplemovementhelpsustokeepourall-importantbloodsugarundercontrol.Theresearchersbelievethatevensmalladjustmentslikestandingwhiletalkingonthephonegoingovertotalktoacolleagueratherthansendingane-mailorsimplytakingthestairsinsteadoftheelevatorwillhelp.78.AccordingtothecontexttheunderlinedexpressionbecounteredwithinParagraph3canbestbereplacedby________.79.ThetwofindingsofthesimpleexperimentconductedbytheBBCandtheUniversityofChesterintheUKarethatstanding_________.80.WhyisstandingbetterthandoingexerciseaccordingtoJohnBuckley?81.Whatdoesthepassagemainlywanttotellus?
NEWDELHI-Justafewyearsago.Malawasatypicalmiddle-classIndianhousewifE.Shecookedcleanedandlookedafterhertwosmallchildren.Lastyearherlifetookatragicturn.HerhusbanddiedofAIDS;shewasfoundoutHIV-positive爱滋病病毒检验呈阳性反应andhermother-in-lawtookherchildrenawayfromhersayingtheywouldgetthediseasE.Whenfriendsdroppedforavisitshewouldintroducemesaying‘Sheismyson’swidow.ShehasAIDS’saidMalA.AIDSisnowdescribedasexplosive炸药aroundtheworlD.A.studyofahospitalintheportcityofDurbaninSouthAfricawheretheworld’sbiggestandAfrica’sfirstAIDSconferenceopenedlastSundayfoundthatalmosthalfthebedsinmedicalwards病房wereoccupiedbyAIDSpatients.SouthAfricahasoneoftheworld’sfastestgrowingHIVinfectionswith1700peopleinfecteddailyaddingtothe4.3millionor10percentofitspopulationlivingwithHIV.UntilnowAsiahasbeenmoresuccessfulinholdingtheAIDSvirusthanAfricawherethediseasehaskilledabout12millionpeoplE.AIDSisnowthreateningtosurroundmanyofAsia’spoverty-strickencountries.CountriesinAsiasuchasCambodiaandThailandhaveHIVinfectionspeedsover1percent.ButthelowspeedshidehugenumbersofaffectedpeoplebecauseofthepopulationbasE.InIndiaforexample3.7millionareinfectedmorethaninanyothercountryexceptSouthAfricA.InChinaanestimated500000peoplemainlydruguserslivewithHIV/AIDS.GordonAlexanderasenioadvisorforUNAIDSinIndiaestimatesthatthenumberhitbyAIDSinAsiawillclimbabouteightmillionoverthenextfiveyearsfromaboutsixmillion.InmanyAsiancountriesthebattleagainstHIVisasocialandculturaloneagainstpublicdiscussionofsexualhealthputanationwidemediacampaignintoactiontolimitthespeedofHIVthroughunsafesex.BrentonWonganofficialforSingapore’sActionforAIDSsaystheactualHIVincidenceinthecitystateof3.9millionpeopleisatleasteighttimeshigherthanofficialdatA.Shameanddenyisstillveryverycommonsopeopleareafraidtogettestedandmanytimeswon’teventelltheirfamiliesiftheytestpositivesaidWong.21.__________isthesecondlargestcountrywhichhasmoreHIVinfectionallovertheworlD.A.ChinaB.SouthAfricaC.IndiaD.Thailand22.Itisjudgedthatthereare_____peoplehitbyAIDSinAsiaorso.A.4.3millionB.6millionC.8millionD.3.7million23.AccordingtothepassagethemainreasonsthatAIDSspreadinAsiaisthrough_______.A.bloodB.unsafesexC.loveD.drugs
Oneineveryfiveyoungpeoplehasasleepproblemsoyou’renotalonE.Gettingenoughsleephasbecomeasimportantaseatingvegetablesandexercisingregularly.It’sveryimportantforyourbody.Mostyoungpeopleonlygetsevenhoursofsleepeachnightwhentheyactuallyneedninehours.Andmakingupforlostsleepduringtheweekbysleepingonweekendsdoesn’treallywork.Infactsleepinglateonweekendsmayactuallydoyoumoreharmthangoodifyouhavesleepproblems.Whathappensifyoudon’tgetenoughsleepIfyoursleepproblemcontinuesforafewnightsyoucouldsufferseriousproblems.Lackofsleepcanaffectlearningandmemory.Worseifyoursleepdifficultieslastalongtimethatcouldleadtoanxietyordepression抑郁.Thereforeyou’vegottohavesomehealthysleephabits.Belowaresomesuggestions●GOTOBEDATTHESAMETIME—includingweekendsifpossiblE.●WAKEUPAROUNDTHESAMETIMEEVERYMORNING.Whenyousleeplatejustonemorningduringtheweekitmaydisturbyourbodyclock.Thiswillmakeithardforyoutosleepthatnight.●DOSOMETHINGRELAXINGbeforegoingtobeD.●EXERCISEDURINGTHEDAY.Don’texerciserightbeforegoingtobeD.●AVOIDDRINKINGALCOHOL.AlcoholmakesyouexciteD.Thispreventsyoufromfallingasleeporwakesyouupduringthenight.●DON’TSMOKE.Smokingisalwaysbadforthebody.SmokingbeforebedtimekeepsyouawakE.Iftryingthesetipsoveracoupleofweeksdoesnothelpyouspeaktoyourdoctor.Donottakeanysleepingpillswithoutfirstaskingyourdoctor.Manyofthemhavestrongsideeffects.9.Howmanypeoplehaveasleepprobleminyourclassof40students?A.fivepeopleB.eightpeopleC.oneineveryfivepeopleD.everyone10.Accordingtothepassageifyouhavesleepproblemsforafewnightsyoucouldbe________.A.lonelyB.seriousC.forgetfulD.happy11.Thepassagesuggeststhatpeoplewithsleepproblemsshould______.A.eatvegetablesandexerciseregularlyB.makeupforlostsleeponweekendsC.followafixedtimetableforsleepD.sleepsevenhourseveryday12.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A.Manyyoungpeoplehavesleepproblems.B.Don’tsmokebeforesleeping.C.Howtokeephealthysleephabits.D.SmokingcanmakeyouawakE.
Howfitareyourteeth?Areyoulazyaboutbrushingthem?Neverfear:AninventorisonthecasE.AnelectrictoothbrushsenseshowlongandhowwellyoubrushanditletsyoutrackyourperformanceonyourphonE.TheKolibreetoothbrushwasexhibitedattheInternationalConsumerElectronicsShowinLasVegasthisweek.ItsenseshowitismovedandcansendtheinformationtoanAndroidphoneoriPhoneviaaBluetoothwirelessconnection.Thetoothbrushwillbeabletoteachyoutobrushrightdon’tforgettheinsidesoftheteeth!andmakesureyou’rebrushinglongenough.It’skindoflikehavingadentistactuallywatchyourbrushingonaday-to-daybasissaysThomasServaltheFrenchinventor.Thetoothbrushwillalsobeabletotalktootherapplicationsonyourphonesodeveloperscouldforinstancecreateagamecontrolledbyyourtoothbrush.Youcouldscorepointsforbeatingmonstersamongyouteeth.WetrytomakeitsmartbutalsofunServalsays.Servalsayshewasinspiredbyhisexperienceasafather.Hewouldcomehomefromworkandaskhiskidsiftheyhadbrushedtheirteeth.TheysaidyesbutServalwouldfindtheirtoothbrushheadsdry.HedecidedheneededabrushthatreallytoldhimhowwellhischildrenbrusheD.ThecompanysaystheKolibreewillgoonsalethissummerfor$99to$199dependingonfeatures.TheU.S.isthefirsttargetmarket.Servalsaysthatonedayit’llbepossibletoreplacethebrushonthehandlewithabrushingunitthatalsohasacamerA.Thecameracanevenexamineholesinyourteethwhileyoubrush.21.WhichisoneofthefeaturesoftheKolibreetoothbrush?A.Itcansensehowusersbrushtheirteeth.B.Itcantrackusers’schoolperformancE.C.Itcandetectusers’fearofseeingadentist.D.Itcanhelpusersfindtheirphones.22.WhatcanwelearnfromServal’swordsinParagraph3?A.Youwillfinditenjoyabletoseeadentist.B.Youshouldseeyourdentistonaday-to–daybasis.C.YoucanbrushwiththeKolibreeasifguidedbyadentist.D.You’dlikeadentisttowatchyoubrushyourteetheveryday.23.WhichofthefollowingmightmaketheKolibreetoothbrushfun?A.Itcanbeusedtoupdatemobilephones.B.ItcanbeusedtoplaymobilephonegamesC.ItcansendmessagestootherusersD.Itcantalktoitsdevelopers.
Sportisnotonlyphysicallychallengingbutitcanalsobementallychallenging.Criticismfromcoachesparentsandotherteammatesaswellaspressuretowincancreateanexcessiveamountofanxietyorstressforyoungathletes.Stresscanbephysicalemotionalorpsychologicalandresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.BurnouthasbeendescribedasdroppingorquittingofanactivitythatwasatonetimeenjoyablE.Theearlyyearsofdevelopmentarecriticalyearsforlearningaboutoneself.ThesportsettingisonewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplacE.Youngathletescanforexamplelearnhowtocooperatewithothersmakefriendsandgainothersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives.Coachesandparentsshouldbeawareatalltimesthattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents'andcoaches'criticismstoheartandfindaflaw缺陷inthemselves.Coachesandparentsshouldalsobecautiousthatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.Theoutcomeofthegameshouldnotbemoreimportantthantheprocessoflearningthesportandotherlifelessons.Intoday'syouthsportsettingyoungathletesmaybeworryingmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadofenjoyingthemselvesandthesport.Followingagamemanyparentsandcoachesfocusontheoutcomeandfindfaultwithyoungsters'performances.PositivereinforcementshouldbeprovidedregardlessoftheoutcomE.Researchindicatesthatpositivereinforcementmotivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticism.Againcriticismcancreatehighlevelsofstresswhichcanleadtoburnout.6.Aneffectivewaytopreventtheburnoutofyoungathletesis______A.toreducetheirmentalstressC.tomakesportslesscompetitiveB.toincreasetheirsenseofsuccessD.tomakesportsmorechallenging7.Accordingtothepassagesportispositiveforyoungpeopleinthat____.A.itcanhelpthemlearnmoreaboutsocietyB.itenablesthemtofindflawsinthemselvesC.itcanprovidethemwithvaluableexperiencesD.itteachesthemhowtosetrealisticgoalsforthemselves8.Manycoachesandparentsareinthehabitofcriticizingyoungathletes______.A.believingthatcriticismisbeneficialfortheirearlydevelopmentB.withoutrealizingcriticismmaydestroytheirselfconfidenceC.inordertomakethemrememberlife'slessonsD.soastoputmorepressureonthem9.Accordingtothepassageparentsandcoachesshould_____________.A.paymoreattentiontolettingchildrenenjoysportsB.helpchildrentowineverygameC.trainchildrentocopewithstressD.enablechildrentounderstandthepositiveaspectofsports10.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassageis____________.A.toteachyoungathleteshowtoavoidburnoutB.topersuadeyoungchildrennottoworryaboutcriticismC.tostresstheimportanceofpositivereinforcementtochildrenD.todiscusstheskillofcombiningcriticismwithencouragement
Whileyourotherfoursensesareinexactpartsofthebodyyoursenseoftouchisfoundallover.Thisisbecauseyoursenseoftouchappearsinthebottompartofyourskincalledthedermis真皮.Thedermisisfilledwithmanytinynerve神经endingswhichgiveyouinformationaboutthethingsyoutouch.Theydothisbycarryingtheinformationtothespinalcord脊髓whichsendsmessagestothebrainwherethefeelingisformeD.ThenerveendinginyourskincantellyouifsomethingishotorcolD.Theycanalsofeelifsomethingishurtingyou.Yourbodyhasabouttwentydifferenttypesofnerveendingthatallsendmessagestoyourbrain.Howeverthemostcommonreceptors感受器areheatcoldpainandpressurereceptors.Painreceptorsareprobablythemostimportantforyoursafetybecausetheycanprotectyoubywarningyourbrainthatyourbodyisbeinghurt!Someareasofthebodyaremoresensitivethanothersbecausetheyhavemorenerveendings.Haveyoueverbittenyourtongueandwonderedwhyithurtsomuch?Itisbecausethesidesofyourtonguehavealotofnerveendingsthatareverysensitivetopain.HoweveryourtongueisnotasgoodatsensinghotorcolD.Thatiswhyitiseasytoburnyourmouthwhenyoueatsomethingreallyhot.YourfingertipsarealsoverysensitivE.ForexamplE.PeoplewhoareblindusetheirfingertipstoreadBraillebyfeelingthepatternsofraiseddotsontheirpaper.OurgroupreallyalearnedalotaboutthesenseswhilecreatingthiswebsitE.Wehopethatyouareabletogetjustasmuchoutofit.Pleasefeelfreetocommentaboutanythingonthesitebye-mailingus.Alsodon’tforgettosigntheguestbook!ThanksforvisitingoursitE.Comebacksoon!60.Thisarticleismostprobablytakenfroma______.A.newspaperB.magazineC.websiteD.novel61.Yourtonguehurtsverymuchwhenitisbittenbecause_______.A.therearenopainreceptorsinthetongueB.thetongueisverysensitivetopainC.thereisalotofbloodinsideofthetongueD.thesidesofyourtonguehavealotofnerveendings.62.Accordingtothisarticlewecaninferthat_______.A.thesenseoftouchisasexactastheothersensesB.thesenseoftouchisthemostimportantofallthesenseC.themorenerveendingsanorgan器官hasthemoresensitiveitisD.itistheskinthatgivesyouinformationaboutthethingsyoutouch
Canelectricitycausecancer?Inasocietythatliterallyrunsonelectricpowertheveryideaseemsridiculous.Butformorethanadecadeagrowingbandofscientistsandjournalistshaspointedtostudiesthatseemtolinkexposuretoelectromagneticfields电磁场withincreasedriskofleukemia白血病andothermalignancies.Theimplicationsareunsettlingtosaytheleastsinceeveryonecomesintocontactwithsuchfieldswhicharegeneratedbyeverythingelectricalfrompowerlinesandantennastopersonalcomputersandmicro-waveovens.Becauseevidenceonthesubjectisinconclusiveandoftencontradictoryithasbeenhardtodecidewhetherconcernaboutthehealtheffectsofelectricityisreasonable---orakindofoversensitivity.NowthealarmistshavegainedsomequalifiedsupportfromtheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.IntheexecutivesummaryofanewscientificreviewreleasedindraftformlatelastweektheEPAhasputforwardwhatamountstothemostseriousgovernmentwarningtodatE.Theagencytentativelyconcludesthatscientificevidencesuggestsacausal因果关系的linkbetweenextremelylow-frequencyelectromagneticfieldsELF---thosehavingverylongwave-lengths---andleukemialymphomaandbraincancer.WhilethereportfallsshortofclassifyingELFfieldsasprobablecarcinogens致癌物itdoesidentifythecommon60-hertzmagneticfieldasapossiblebutnotprovencauseofcancerinhumans.Thereportisnoreasontopanic---oreventolostsleep.IfthereisacancerriskitisasmallonE.TheevidenceisstillsocontroversialthatthedraftstirredagreatdealofdebatewithintheBushAdministrationandtheEPAreleaseditoverstrongobjectionsfromthePentagonandtheWhiteHousE.ButnownoonecandenythattheissuemustbetakenseriouslyandthatmuchmoreresearchisneedeD.Attheheartofthedebateisasimpleandwell-understoodphysicalphenomenon:WhenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughawireitgeneratesanelectromagneticfieldthatexertsforcesonsurroundingobjectsFormanyyearsscientistsdismissedanysuggestionthatsuchforcesmightbeharmfulprimarilybecausetheyaresoextraordinarilyweak.TheELFmagneticfieldgeneratedbyavideoterminalmeasuresonlyafewmilligaussoraboutone-hundredththestrengthoftheearth’sownmagneticfielD.Theelectricfieldssurroundingapowerlinecanbeashighas10kilovoltspermeterbutthecorrespondingfieldinducedinhumancellswillbeonlyabout1millivoltpermeter.ThisisfarlessthantheelectricfieldsthatthecellsthemselvesgeneratE.Howcouldsuchminuscule极小的forcesposeahealthdanger?TheconsensususedtobethattheycouldnotandfordecadesscientistsconcentratedonmorepowerfulkindsofradiationlikeX-raysthatpacksufficientwalloptoknockelectronsoutofthemoleculesthatmakeupthehumanbody.Suchionizingradiationshavebeenclearlylinkedtoincreasedcancerrisksandthereareregulationstocontrolemissions.Butepidemiological流行病学的studieswhichfindstatisticalassociationsbetweensetsofdatadonotprovecauseandeffect.ThoughthereisabodyoflaboratoryworkshowingthatexposuretoELFfieldscanhavebiologicaleffectsonanimaltissuesamechanismbywhichthoseeffectscouldleadtocancerousgrowthshasneverbeenfounD.ThePentagonisfarfrompersuadeD.Inablistering33-pagecritiqueoftheEPAreportAirForcescientistschargeitsauthorswithhavingbiased使倾向于theentiredocumenttowardprovingalink.OurreviewersareconvincedthatthereisnosuggestionthatelectromagneticfieldspresentintheenvironmentinduceorpromotecancertheAirForceconcludes.ItisastonishingthattheEPAwouldapprovethereleaseofthisreport.ThenPentagon’sconcernisunderstandablE.Thereishardlyaunitofthemodernmilitarythatdoesnotdependontheheavyuseofsomekindofelectronicequipmentfromhugeground-basedradartowerstothedefensesystemsbuiltintoeverywarshipandplanE.62.Themainideaofthispassageis_______.A.studiesonthecauseofcancerB.controversialview-pointsinthecauseofcancerC.therelationshipbetweenelectricityandcancer.D.differentideasabouttheeffectofelectricityoncaner.63.WhydidthePentagonandWhiteHouseobjecttothereleaseofthereport?Because_______.A.itmaystiragreatdealofdebateamongtheBushAdministration.B.everyunitofthemodernmilitaryhasdependedontheheavyuseofsomekindofelectronicequipment.C.thePentagon’sconcernwasunderstandablE.D.theyhaddifferentarguments.64.Itcanbeinferredfromphysicalphenomenon_______.A.theforceoftheelectromagneticfieldistooweaktobeharmful.B.theforceoftheelectromagneticfieldisweakerthantheelectricfieldthatthecellsgeneratE.C.electromagneticfieldmayaffecthealth.D.onlymorepowerfulradiationcanknockelectronoutofhumanbody.65.Whatdoyouthinkordinarycitizensmaydoafterreadingthedifferentarguments?A.Theyareindifferent.B.Theyareworriedverymuch.C.ThemayexercisecautiousavoidancE.D.TheyareshockeD.
Lotsofhumanfoodsaredangeroustopetsmanyofwhichmayseemtastytoourpetsbutcanprovedeadlyifeaten.Itcanbeveryappealingtoofferpetsfoodfromthetablebutpetsshouldnotbegivenhumanfoodunlessrecommendedbyveterinarians兽医.Ifyoususpectyourpetmayhaveeatenadangerousfoodcontactveterinariansimmediately.Inmanycasesearlyrecognitionandtreatmentareveryimportant.ChocolateCoffeeandCaffeineChocolatecontainstheobromineachemicalthatistoxic有毒的todogsinlargequantities.Chocolatealsocontainscaffeinewhichisfoundincoffeeteaandcertainsoftdrinks.DifferenttypesofchocolatecontaindifferentamountsoftheobromineandcaffeinE.Forexampledarkchocolateandbakingchocolatecontainmoreofthesecompounds化合物thanmilkchocolatesoadogwouldneedtoeatmoremilkchocolatetobecomeill.Howeverevenafewouncesofchocolatecanbeenoughtocauseillnessinasmalldogsonoamountortypeofchocolateshouldbeconsideredsafeforadogtoeat.Chocolatetoxicitycancausevomiting呕吐diarrhearapidorirregularheartraterestlessnessmuscletremorsandseizures.Deathcanoccurwithin24hoursofintakE.GrapesandRaisinsGrapesandraisinscancausesuddenkidneyfailurein.catsanddogs.Itisunknownwhatthetoxicagentisinthesefruits.Howeverclinical临床的signscanoccurwithin24hoursofeatingandincludevomitingdiarrheaandtiredness.Othersignsofillnessrelatetotheeventualshutdownofkidneyfunctioning.GarlicandOnionsGarlicandonionscontainchemicalsdamagingredbloodcellsincatsanddogs.Affectedredbloodcellscandamageorlosetheirabilitytocarryoxygeneffectively.Cookingthesefoodsdoesnotreducetheirpotentialtoxicity.Freshcookedand/orpowderedgarlicand/oronionsarecommonlyfoundinbabyfoodwhichissometimesgiventoanimalswhentheyaresicksobesuretoreadfoodlabelscarefully.Manycasesofhumanfoodtoxicityinpetsareaccidental.A.petmayfindandchewonapackageofgumorcandyorstealfoodfromacountertop灶台ortablE.Thebestwaytopreventthisistokeepallfooditem:inclosedcupboardorareasinaccessibletopets.Thismaybeparticularlydifficultduringtheholidayseasonwhenmorecandychocolatefruitbasketsandotherfooditem:arearounD.Duringthesetimesincreasedalertness警惕性canhelppreventpetsfindingandeatingdangerousfoods.Childrenshouldalsobetaughttonevergivecandygumorotherhumanfoodstopets.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Youcangivepetshumanfoodwiththerecommendationofveterinarians.B.Allhumanfoodsaredeadlytopets.C.ItisuselesstoturntoveterinariansafteryourpetshaveeatendangerousfooD.D.ItiseasytojudgewhetherapethaseatendangerousfooD.29.Whateffectdochocolateandgrapeshaveincommonifeatenbypets?A.Theybothcancausepets'suddenkidneyfailurE.B.TheybothcontaindifferentamountsoftheobromineandcaffeinE.C.Theybothcancausepetstovomit.D.Theybothcancausepets'heartstobeatirregularly.30.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Itissafeforpetstoeatcookedgarlicandonions.B.Babyfoodisalwayssafetopets.C.ManypetseatthehumanfoodbychancE.D.Affectedredbloodcellscan'tcarryoxygenatall.31.Whatisthepurposeoftheauthor'swritingthisarticle?A.Totellchildrennevertogivecandygumorotherhumanfoodtopets.B.TowarnusnottogivepetshumanfoodsaswelikE.C.Totellussomehumanfoodswhicharedangeroustopets.D.Tocallonustotakegoodcareofpets.
AtthirteenIwasdiagnosed诊断withakindofattentiondisorder.ItmadeschooldifficultformE.WheneveryoneelseintheclasswasfocusingontasksIcouldnot.InmyfirstliteratureclassMrs.Smithaskedustoreadastoryandthenwriteonitallwithin45minutes.IraisedmyhandrightawayandsaidMrs.SmithyouseethedoctorsaidIhaveattentionproblems.Imightnotbeabletodoit.SheglanceddownatmethroughherglassesYouarenodifferentfromyourclassmatesyoungman.ItriedbutIdidn’tfinishthereadingwhenthebellrang.IhadtotakeithomE.InthequietnessofmybedroomthestorysuddenlyallbecamecleartomE.ItwasaboutablindpersonLouisBraillE.Helivedinatimewhentheblindcouldn’tgetmucheducation.ButLouisdidn’tgiveup.Insteadheinventedareadingsystemofraiseddots点whichopenedupawholenewworldofknowledgetotheblinD.Wasn’tItheblindinmyclassbeingmadetolearnlikethesightedstudents?MythoughtsspilledoutandmypenstartedtodancE.Icompletedthetaskwithin40minutes.IndeedIwasnodifferentfromothers;IjustneededaquieterplacE.IfLouiscouldfindhiswayoutofhisproblemswhyshouldIevergiveup?Ididn’texpectanythingwhenIhandedinmypapertoMrs.Smithsoitwasquiteasurprisewhenitcamebacktomethenextday—withanAonit.Atthebottomofthepaperwerethesewords:Seewhatyoucandowhenyoukeeptrying?21.Theauthordidn’tfinishthereadinginclassbecause.A.hewasnewtotheclassB.hewastiredofliteratureC.hehadanattentiondisorderD.hewantedtotakethetaskhome22.WhatwasMrs.Smith’sattitudetotheauthorattheendofthestory?A.Angry.B.Impatient.C.SympathetiC.D.Encouraging.23.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thedisabledshouldbetreatedwithrespect.B.A.teachercanopenupanewworldtostudents.C.Onecanfindhiswayoutofdifficultieswithefforts.D.Everyoneneedsahandwhenfacedwithchallenges.
You'veprobablyheardaboutsportscoachesfitnesscoachesvoiceandmusicteacherscareercounselorspsychiatrists精神病医师andotherspecialistswhoteachskillsandhelpuscopewithdailylifE.Butthere'sarapidlygrowingkindofprofessionalwhodoesalittlebitofeverything.Sheorheiscalledalife__coach.Peoplewhoareatcrossroadsintheirlivesandcorporationsthatwanttogivecertainemployeesacareerboostareturningtothemforhelp.Theideathatoneperson'ssuccessstorycanchangeotherpeople'slivesforthebettergoesbackatleasttothe1930s.DaleCarnegie'sfamousself－improvementprogramHowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeoplecamealongsoonthereafter.Butthisnewstyleoflifecoachesincludesmorethanenthusiasticspeakersorwriters.Theyusetheirownexperiencesinbusinesssportsmilitaryserviceorpsychotherapy心理疗法tohelpothersmakecriticallifedecisions.Theyoftengivetheirapproachaslogansuchasenergycoachingorfearlesslivingorworkingyourselfhappy.DaveLakhaniinBoiseIdahoforinstanceworkswithsalespeopletodevelopwhathecallsaroadmap.Hesaysanongoingrelationshipwithacoachislikehavingapersonalfitnesstrainerforone'scareerandlifeoutsidework.Lakhani'sBoldApproachcoachingfirmalsodonatessomeofitstimetohelppeoplewhoareanythingbutsuccessful—includingbatteredwomenandstrugglingsinglemothers.Butothersintheso－calledhelpingprofessionsarenotthrilledaboutthelife－coachingmovement.Theysaythatanyonetrainedoruntrainedcancallhimselforherselfalifecoachandthatslick华而不实的promoterswhomesswithpeople'slivescandomoreharmthangooD.32.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.WorkingYourselfHappy.B.LifeCoachesHelpwithToughDecisions.C.HowtoCopewithDailyLifewithLifeCoaches.D.TheLife－CoachingMovement.33.TheunderlinedphraselifecoachinParagraph2means________.A.ThecareercounselorwhoteachesskillsB.ThepsychiatristwhohelpsuscopewithdailylifeC.ThefitnesscoachwhoteachesuslessonsD.Thespecialistwhohelpsusmakeimportantlifedecisions34.Thelastparagraphismainlyabout________.A.theintroductionsoflifecoachB.thedisagreementsoflifecoachC.theeffectsoflifecoachD.theexperiencesoflifecoach35.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardslifecoaches?A.Cautious.B.Approving.C.Casual.D.Disapproving.
ItseemsthatnowadaysalltheworldareconcernedaboutgeneticallymodifiedfoodsGMfoods.GMfoodsdevelopfromgeneticallymodifiedorganismswhichhavehadspecificchangesintroducedintotheirDNAbygeneticengineeringtechniques.Thesetechniquesaremuchmoreprecisewhereanorganismisexposedtochemicalstocreateanon-specificbutstablechangE.Formanypeoplethehigh-techproductionraisesallkindsofenvironmentalethicalhealthandsafetyproblems.ParticularlyincountrieswithlongfarmingtraditionstheideaseemsagainstnaturE.InfactGMfoodsarealreadyverymuchapartofourlives.Theywerefirstputonthemarketin1996.A.thirdofthecornandmorethanhalfthecottongrownintheUSlastyearwastheproductofbiotechnologyaccordingtotheDepartmentofAgriculturE.Morethan65millionacresofgeneticallymodifiedcropswillbeplantedintheUSthisyear.ThegeneticgenieisoutofthebottlE.HoweverlikeanynewproductenteringthefoodchainGMfoodsmustbesubjectedtocarefultesting.Inwealthycountriesthedebateaboutbiotechisnotsofiercebythefactthattheyhavealargenumberoffoodstochoosefromandasupplythatgoesbeyondtheneeds.Indevelopingcountriesdesperatetofeedfast-growingandunderfedpopulationsthematterissimplerandmuchmoreurgent:dothebenefitsofbiotechoutweightherisks?Thestatisticsonpopulationgrowthandhungeraredisturbing.Lastyeartheworld’spopulationreached6billion.TheUNstatesthatnearly800millionpeoplearoundtheworldareunhealthy.About400millionwomenofchildbearingagedon’thaveenoughironwhichmeanstheirbabiesareexposedtovariousbirthdefects.Asmanyas100millionchildrensufferfromvitaminA.deficiencyaleadingcauseofblindness.Howcanbiotechhelp?Geneticengineeringiswidelyusedtoproduceplantsandanimalswithbetternutritionalvalues.Biotechnologistshavedevelopedgeneticallymodifiedriceandtheyareworkingonotherkindsofnutritionallyimprovedcrops.Biotechcanalsoimprovefarmingproductivityinplaceswherefoodshortageiscausedbycropdamageattributabletodroughtpoorsoilandcropviruses.32.Thepassagemainlytalksabout_______.A.theworld’sfoodproblemB.thedevelopmentinbiotechC.thegeneticallymodifiedfoodsD.thewaytosolvefoodshortage33.AccordingtothepassageGMfoods________.A.willreplacenaturallygrownfoodsB.arefarbetterthannaturallygrownfoodsC.mayhelptosolvetheproblemofpoornutritionD.cancauseserioustroubleindevelopingcountries34.TheunderlinedsentenceThegeneticgenieisoutofthebottlE.inparagraph2probablymeansthat_______.A.GMfoodsareavailableeverywhereB.thetechnologyinproducingGMfoodsisadvancedC.genetictechnologymayhaveuncontrollablepowersD.genetictechnologyhascomeoutoflaboratoriesintomarkets35.What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardsGMfoods?A.OptimistiC.B.Cautious.C.Disapproving.D.UnbelievablE.
Beingoverweight超重的willincreaseyourriskofheartdiseasediabetesstrokehighbloodpressureandcancer.Inordertostayhealthyitistimeforyoutofindawaytoloseweight.①Walkfor45minutesaday.AccordingtoaDukeUniversitystudy30minutesofdailywalkingisenoughtostopweightgaininmostpeoplewhospendtheirdayssittingdownwhilewalkingover30minutesresultsinalossofweightandfat.Burninganextra300caloriesadaywiththreemilesofwalkingittakes45minutestowalkthreemilescouldhelpyoulose30poundsinayearwithoutevenchanginghowmuchyou’reeating.②Cleanyourcloset柜橱offatclothes.Onceyou’vereachedtheweightthatyouwantthrowoutorgiveawayeverypieceofclothingthat’stoobig.TheideaofhavingtobuyawholeclosetofnewclothesifyougaintheweightbackwillhelpyoukeepyournewfigurE.③Eatslowlyandcalmly.PutyourforkandspoondownbetweeneverybitE.Drinkwaterfrequently.Whenyouareeatingyoucansharefunnystoriesthathappenedduringyourdaywithyourdiningpartner.Yourbrainis20minutesbehindyourstomachwhenitcomestotellingyouthatyouarefull.IfyoueatslowlyenoughyourbrainwillquicklycatchuptotellyouthatyouarenolongerinneedoffooD.25.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingmayNOTbetheresultofbeingoverweight?A.HeartdiseasE.B.HighbloodpressurE.C.Diabetes.D.SkindiseasE.26.Whatcanweknowfromthesecondparagraph?A.Walkingfor30minuteseverydaycanhelpyouloseweight.B.Walkingfor45minutesadaywillhelpyouloseweight.C.Burning300caloriesadaycanhelplose30poundsamonth.D.A45-minuteswalkcanhelpyouburn300caloriesayear.27.Whatistheadvantageofclearingfatclothesoutofyourcloset?A.Itwillmakeyoubuymoreclothes.B.Itcanmakeyourroomlooktidy.C.Itcanhelpyoucontrolyourweight.D.Itwillhelpyoustopbuyingnewclothes.28.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagragh?A.YoushouldeatslowlysothatyoufeelfullattherighttimE.B.Youshouldtellstoriesinordertoenjoyyourdinner.C.Ifyoueatslowlyandcalmlyyouwillnotfeelfull.D.PutyourforkdownbetweeneverybiteandyouwilleatmorE.
Manstillhasalottolearnaboutthemostpowerfulandcomplexpartofhisbody---thebrain.Itmaybesurprisingtolearnthatitisn'tagethatmakesyouloseyourmemory.ThereasoncouldbethatyouhavealazymemorynotanoldonE.LikeyourbodyyourmemoryimproveswithexercisE.Oncegivenplentyofexercisethebrainkeepsitspower.Beforediscussinghowtoimprovethememorylet'slookathowthebrainworks.Therearetwosidestothebraintheleftandtheright.Therightsidedealswiththesenseswhatweseehearfeelandsmell.It'sthecreativeandimaginativesidE.TheleftsideisconcernedwithlogiC.Itanalyzesinformationandputsitinorder.Somerecentresearchsuggeststhatweremembereverythingthathappenstous.Theproblemmostofushasisrecallingevents.Mostforgettingtakesplaceimmediatelyafterlearning.Anhourafterlearningsomethingnewmorethan50%hasbeenforgotten.Afteramonth80%hasbeenforgottenandsoon.Thisshowsrevisionisveryimportant.IfyourevisenewmaterialyouhavelearntyouremembermuchmorE.Soit'sofvitalimportancetorevisenewlylearnedmaterialoftenandhavefrequentbreaks.Webestrememberwhatwelearnatthebeginningofalearningperiodandatthepointwherewestop.Afterthebreakrevisewhatwaslearnedbeforethebreakandthencontinuelearningthenewmaterial.Thesebreaksshouldhappenevery20or45minutes.OtherexperimentshaveshownthebrainneedstimetodigestwhathasbeenlearneD.Thetimenecessaryforthisis5to10minutes.AfterthebreakthememorywillhaveabsorbedwhatithasjustlearnedandmorewillberemembereD.DuringthisperioditisimportanttoexercisetherightsideofthebrainbecausetheleftsideisusedduringthelearningperioD.Thereforeyoushouldrelax.Listeningtomusicbreathinginfreshairandlookingatapictureareallwaysofusingtheothersideofthebrain.Sowhenyouarestudyingalonemakeaplanwhichshowswhentohavebreaksandtorevisenewlylearnedmaterialimmediatelybeforeyoubeginstudyingagain.Ifyoudointhiswayyourmemorywillimprove32.Accordingtothetextyouloseyourmemoryby___.A.gettingtoooldB.hardlyusingyourbrainC.workingtoohardD.usingyourbraintoomuch33.Tofightforgettingeffectivelywe'readvisedto___.A.gobacktowhatwaslearnedregularlyB.breakdownmaterialsintosmallpiecesC.focusonbothendsofalearningperiodD.takebreakstogivethebrainagoodrest34.Duringthelearningprocessthebrainneedbreaksto___.A.usetherightsideofthebrainB.revisenewlylearntmaterialsC.takeinwhathasbeenlearntD.relaxtheleftsideofthebrain35.Whereisthistextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Sciencefictions.B.Students'literaturE.C.Anadvertisement.D.A.sciencereport.
EveryyearthousandsofpeoplegethurtordiewhentheyarecrossingtheroaD.Mostofthesepeopleareoldpeopleandchildren.Oldpeopleoftengethurtordiebecausetheycan’tseeorhearverywell.Childrenusuallymeetwithaccidentsbecauseoftheircarelessness.TheyforgottolookandlistenbeforetheycrosstheroaD.Howcanwelessen减少trafficaccidents?Allofusmustobeythetrafficrules.Forthedriverstheyshouldn’tdrivetoofast.IftheydrivetoofastitwillbeverydifficulttostopthecarsinaveryshorttimE.Forthepedestrians行人it’sveryimportanttobecarefulwhentheyarewalkingontheroaD.Thereforewhenwewalkacrosstheroadwemusttrytowalkalongthepavements.WemuststopandlookbothwaysbeforecrossingtheroaD.Lookleftfirstnextlookrightthenlookleftagain.Onlywhenwearesurethattheroadisclearwecancrossit.Therightwaytocrosstheroadistowalkquickly.It’snotsafetorun.Ifpeoplerunacrosstheroadtheymayfalldown.Teensshouldtrytohelpchildrenoldpeopleorblindpeopletocrosstheroadandneverplayinthestreet.21.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtherightwaytocrosstheroad?A.Stopandlookbothways.B.Runquickly.C.MakesurethattheroadisclearD.Walkquickly.22.Whydomostoldpeopleoftengethurtordiewhentheyarecrossingtheroad?A.Becausetheyarenotcareful.B.Becausetheyforgettolookandlisten.C.Becausetheycan’tseeorhearverywell.D.BecausetheyoftenrunacrosstheroaD.23.Thebesttitleforthisarticlemaybe.A.Howtolessentrafficaccidents?B.Howtocrosstheroad?C.Pleaseobeythetrafficrules.D.Meetingwithtrafficaccidents.24.Asastudentyoucantotrytolessentrafficaccidents.A.letdriversdriveslowlyB.playinthestreetcarefullyC.runacrosstheroadquicklyD.helpchildrentocrosstheroad
Youaremadeof73percentwater.Youhave206bones.Thereareabout60muscles肌肉inyourface;youuse20ofthemtosmilebut40tofrown.Yourheartbeatsover100000timeseachday.Youreallyareamazing!ThehumanbodyisacomplexmachinE.Mostofthetimeweareunawareofwhatishappeninginourbodies;usuallyitisonlywhenwegetsickorfeelpainthatwenoticE.Manypeopledonottakeenoughcareoftheircomplexmachines.Badhabitslikesmokingdrinkingtoomuchalcoholandeatingjunkfooddamageourbodies.Stresscanalsocausehealthproblems.Peoplewhoworryalotorhavebusyjobsoftendon’tgetenoughsleepordon’teatproperly.Wealsodamageourbodiesbyplayingsportsorhavingaccidents.A.recentsurveyintheU.K.foundthat14percentofpeoplehadgonetoahospitalEmergencyRoominthepreviousthreemonths.Thetwomostcommonreasonswereforinjuryandpoisoning.Hospitalpatientswerealsotreatedformanyothermedicalproblemsrangingfromcoldstoheartattacks.JustlikeanymachinedifferentbodypartssometimesgowrongfromoldagE.InfactastudyintheU.S.foundthat60to70percentofallpatientsintheEmergencyRoomwereaged75orover.Fortunatelyolderpeoplewhosufferfromanillnessorinjurycannowreceivetreatmenttohelpextendtheirlives.Itisnowcommonforolderpeoplewithdamagedjointsforexampletohaveanoperationtoreplacetheoldjointwithanewonemadeofplasticormetal.Aswithanymachinethebetteryoutakecareofitthelongeritwilllast.Ofcoursethebestwaytotakecareofyouramazingmachineistoeattherightfooddoregularexerciseandgetenoughsleep.Ohanddon’tforgettosmile!45.ThefactsinParagraph1areusedto__________.A.explainhowthehumanbodycanchangeB.provethatthehumanbodyworkslikeamachineC.showhowcomplexandinterestingthehumanbodyisD.describethemostimportantfeaturesofthehumanbody46.TheunderlinedphraseareunawareofinParagraph2mostprobablymeans__________.A.areafraidofB.donotknowC.refusetobelieveD.donotcare47.Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingwouldthewriteragreewith?A.Mostpeopleknowalotabouttheirbodies.B.14%ofpeoplegotohospitalbecauseofaccidents.C.Ourbodyislikeamachinebecauseitisexpensivetofix.D.Oldpeoplehavethemostaccidentsandhealthemergencies.48.Whatadvicedoesthewritergivetoreaderswhowanttohaveabetterhealth?A.Gotothehospitalmorefrequently.B.Trytomakepeoplelaugh.C.ExerciseandeattherightfooD.D.Alwaysgetupearly.
Mosquitoeshaveanextraordinaryabilitytotargethumansfarawayandflystraighttotheirunprotectedskin.Regrettablymosquitoescandomorethancauseanitchy发痒的wounD.SomemosquitoesspreadseveralseriousdiseasesincludingDengueyellowfeverandmalariA.Overonemillionpeopleworldwidediefromthesediseaseseachyear.NewresearchnowshowshowmosquitoeschoosewhotobitE.MosquitoesneedbloodtosurvivE.Theyareattractedtohumanskinandbreath.Theysmellthecarbondioxidegaswhichallmammalsbreatheout.Thisgasisthemainwayformosquitoestoknowthatawarm-bloodedcreatureisnearby.Butmosquitoesalsousetheireyesandsenseoftouch.MichaelDickinsonisaprofessorattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.Hisresearchshowshowthesesmallinsectswithevensmallerbrainsusethreesensestofindabloodmeal.MichaelDickinson’steamusedplumes—amaterialthatrisesintotheairofcarbondioxidegasintoawindtunnel.Theythenusedcamerastorecordthemosquitoes.TheinsectsfollowedtheplumE.Thenthescientistsplaceddarkobjectsonthelightercoloredfloorandwallsofthetunnel.MrDickinsonsaidatfirstthemosquitoesshowednointerestintheobjectsatall.Whatwasquitestrikingandquitesurprisingisthatthemosquitoesflybackandforthforhours.Thesearehungryfemalesandtheycompletelyignoretheobjectsonthefloorandwallofthetunnel.ButthemomenttheygetahitofCO2theychangetheirbehaviorquiteobviouslyandnowwouldbecomeattractedtotheselittlevisualblobs斑点.Thissuggestedtotheresearchersthatamosquito’ssenseofsmellismoreimportantinthesearchforfooD.Oncemosquitoescatchasmellofahumanoranimaltheyalsofollowvisualsignals.24.Whatdomosquitoesmainlyusetofindtheirtargets?A.Senseofsmell.B.Senseoftouch.C.Senseofsight.D.Smartbrains.25.Thefirstresponseofthemosquitoestotheobjectsintheexperimentis.A.toflytothedarkonesB.tocatchandsticktothemC.totakenonoticeofthemD.toattachthemselvestothem26.Howcanweavoidbeingattackedbymosquitoesaccordingtothetext?A.Don’tletthemseeus.B.Usedarkobjectstostopthem.C.Makethemflybackandforthforhours.D.Attractthemtoobjectsfullofcarbondioxidegas.27.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowDoMosquitoesSurvive?B.WhyDoMosquitoesNeedBlood?C.HowDoMosquitoesChoosetoBiteYou?D.WhyDoMosquitoesAttacktheHumanBeing?
AntibioticsinsulinorgantransplantationHIVtreatmentsandheart-bypasssurgeries—itreadslikeanA.toZofmedicalprogress.Butthemajorprogresshassomethingincommon:theywerealldevelopedandtestedbyusinganimals.Actuallyanimalsareusedforresearchinavarietyofsettings.Whetherornothumansshoulduseanimalsfortestingpurposeshoweverisacontroversialsubject.Animaltestingallowsresearcherstodevelopnewmedicineandtreatmentsadvancingthefieldofmedicineandimprovingthehealthofsociety.ForexamplemanydrugsusedtotreatorpreventcancerHIVdiabetesetchaveresultedfromtestsperformedonanimals.Manyadvocatorsofanimaltestingsupportthepracticeforthisreasoneveniftheydonotsupporttestingcosmeticsorothernon-essentialsubstancesonanimals.NoonechoosestouseanimalswherethereinnoneeD.Infactanimalresearchhascontributedto70percentofNobelprizesforphysiologyormedicinE.Animaltestingalsoenablesscientistsandresearcherstotestthesafetyofmedicineandothersubstanceswithwhichhumanshaveregularcontact.DrugsforexamplemaycreatesignificantriskstohumanssotestingthemonanimalsfirstgivesresearchersachancetodeterminetheirsafetybeforehumantrialsareperformeD.Whilescientistsunderstandthedifferencesbetweenhumansandanimalsthesimilaritiesareconsideredsignificantenoughtoproducerelevantdatathattheycanthenapplytohumans.Thisanimaltestingreducesharmtohumansandsaveslivesnotonlybecausetheexposuretoriskysubstancesisminimizedbutbecausesomenewmedicineandtreatmentshavepositiveeffectsonhumans’overallqualityoflifE.Howeverasignificantnumberofanimalsareharmedordieasaresultofexperimentsandtesting.Unfortunatelymanyofthesubstancesusedonanimalsubjectsneverreceiveapprovalforhumanuseorconsumption.Thosewhoopposeanimaltestingconsiderthisaveryimportantpointbecausesavinghumansfromsufferingisnoexcuseforthedeathoflaboratoryanimals.OpponentsalsoarguethatanimalsaredissimilarenoughfromhumanstomaketheresultsofanimalstestsunreliablE.RelatedcriticismisthattestingcausesstressinanimalsmeaningthattheydonotreacttoexperimentalsubstancesinthesamewaythattheymightinnaturalcircumstancesmakingtheresultsofexperimentslessvalidUsinganimalsasresearchsubjectsisalsoexpensivebecausetheyrequirefoodsheltercareandtreatmentinadditiontothecostsofexperimentalsubstances.Long-termormulti-stagetestscanincreasethecostsofthepracticeaswell.Theactualpricepaidforanimalsisalsoworthconsidering.Inthisrespectresearcherstakeonanadditionalburden.TitleShouldHumansExperimentonAnimals?IntroductionMany__71____havebeenmadeonmedicalresearchbyusinganimaltesting__72_______aboutanimaltestingPeople_73_____upforitlNewmedicineandtreatmentscanbedevelopeD.lAdvancementsinthefieldofmedicineand_74_________inhumans’healthcanbemadE.lResearcherscan___75_____patientsthesafetyofnewtreatmentsandmedicinE.lScientistscancollectresearchdatain____76_______withhumans’medicalproblem.lHarmdonetohumanswillbereducedtothe__77____andmoreliveswillbesaveD.PeopleopposingitlTheexperimentsmayputmanyanimals’livesat__78_______.lExperimentsmaynot_____79_____producereliableresultsbecauseanimalsdonotreactnormallyunderstress.lResearcherswillbe___80________withtheextracostsofanimalsandtheircarE.
Manyyearsagomydadwasfacingaseriousheartcondition.Hewasunabletodoasteadyjob.HefellsuddenlyillandhadtobeadmittedtothehospitalHewantedtodosomethingtokeephimselfbusysohedecidedtovolunteeratthelocalchildren’shospital.Mydadlovedkids.Itwastheperfectjobforhim.Heendedupworkingwiththeseriouslyillchildren.Hewouldtalkplayanddoartswiththem.Oneofhiskidswasagirlwithararediseasethatparalyzed瘫痪herfromtheneckdown.Shecouldn’tdoanythingandshewasverydepressed.Mydaddecidedtotrytohelpher.Hestartedvisitingherinherroombringingpaintsbrushesandpaper.Hestoodthepaperupputthepaintbrushinhismouthandbegantopaint.Hedidn’tusehishandsata11.AllthewhilehewouldtellherSeeyoucandoanythingyousetyourmindto.’’Attheendofthedayshebegantopaintusinghermouthandsheandmydadbecamefriends.Soonafterthelittlegirlwassenthomebecausethedoctorsfelttherewasnothingelsetheycoulddoforher.Mydadalsoleftthechildren’shospitalforalittlewhilebecausehebecamei11.Sometimelateraftermydadhadrecoveredandreturnedtoworkincamethelittlegirlwhohadbeenparalyzedandonlythistimeshewaswalking.Sheranstraightovertomydadandhuggedhimreallytight.Shegavehimapictureshehaddoneusingherhands.AtthebottomitreadThankyouforhelpingmewalk.’’MydadwouldcryeverytimehetoldUSthisstoryandsowouldwe.Hewouldsaysometimesloveismorepowerfulthandoctorandmydad—whodiedjustafewmonthsafterthelittlegirlgavethepicture--lovedeverysinglechildinthathospital.25.Theauthor’sfatherworkedatthelocalhospitalto.A.realizehischildhooddreamB.easehisseriousheartconditionC.earnmoneytopayfortreatmentD.keephimselfoccupiedandhappy26.Howdidtheauthor’sfatherhelptheparalyzedlittlegirl?A.Hehelpedherpracticewalking.B.Hevisitedherandmadeatoyforher.C.Heshowedhershecouldstilldothings.D.Hepaintedspecialpicturesforher.27.Accordingtoparagraph4.theparalyzedgirl.A.graduallyrecoveredandwalkedB.eventuallybecameauniquepainterC.wassenthomeandneverseenagainD.senthimapicturepaintedwithhermouth28.Whatmessagedoesthepassagemainlyconvey?A.It’sbettertogivethantoreceive.B.Lovecansometimesbringgreatresults.C.Volunteeringisaworthwhilethingtodo.D.Asickpersonshouldnotfocusonhisdisease.
Healthcampaignsaimedatkeepingteensandothersfromdrinkinganddrivingsmokingandotherriskybehaviorsoftenuseshameandguilttogettheirmessagesacross.Butanewstudyfindsanti－drinkingadvertisementscanactuallyleadsomeaudiencestoincreasingbingedrinking酗酒.ThesituationisworsethanwastedmoneyoreffortsaidresearcherAdamDuhachek.Theseadsfinallymaydomoreharmthangoodbecausetheyhavethepotentialtocausemoreofthebehaviorthey'retryingtoprevent.Theconventionalwisdomfrompeoplewhodesigntheseadsis‘Ifwescarepeopleenoughit'salwaysgoingtobeagoodthing.’DuhacheksaiD.Butwe'veshowntherearecircumstanceswheretheyarenotonlyeffectivebutcauseastrongnegativereactionthatleadspeopleactuallytodrinkingmorethantheywouldiftheywereexposedtotheads.Theytestedtwoadvertisementsthatshowedthebackofapersonhuggingatoiletbowl抽水马桶afteranightofdrinking.Oneadvertisementtheguilt－inducingoneincludedinformationaboutthenegativeconsequencesaperson'sdrinkingcouldhaveonfriendsandfamilysuchascausingcaraccidents.Theothershame－inducingadvertisementshowedwhatfriendsandfamilywouldseeincludingwatchingthedrunkpersongetintoacaraccidentorgetarresteD.Toworkoutwhytheadvertisementsmightincreasedrinkingtheresearchersaskedparticipantshowlikelytheythoughtitwasthattheyandotherswouldsufferthenegativeconsequencesofdrinkingsuchasgettingintofightsorgettingsick.Studentswhosawtheadvertisementswerelesslikelytothinktheywereatriskthanothergroups.Inanotherpartofthestudystudentswhohadlookedattheadvertisementstendedtoratetheirfriendsasbeingatriskofthenegativeconsequencesbutnotthemselves.Duhachek'sadviceIfyouwanttopositivelyinfluencedrinkingmakesurethecampaignsconveyboththeterribleconsequencesandaninspiringmessagE.Ifyou'regoingtotrytoarousefeartemper使缓和itwiththeideathatthedangercanbeavoidedhesaiD.It'salwaysbesttouseacarrotalongwiththestick.32.AccordingtoDuhachekthepresentanti－drinkingadvertisementsusually________.A.areagooduseofmoneyandeffortB.leadtotheresultsthedesignersintendedC.attempttofrightenpeopleoutofriskybehaviorsD.causepeopletofeelashamedandguilty33.Duhacheksupportshisargumentby________.A.tellinganinterestingstoryaboutdrinkersB.presentingtheresultsofhisstudyC.describinganaccidentD.testingtheideabyreasoning34.WhichofthefollowingwouldDuhachekagreewith?A.Carrotscanreducethenegativeeffectsofdrinking.B.Severepunishmentshouldbegiventodrinkers.C.Drinkersshouldattendalcohol－addictionprograms.D.Bothinspiringmessagesanddangershouldbeconveyedbyadvertisements.35.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Anti－drinkingadvertisementsleadtomoredrinkinginsomepeoplE.B.Anti－drinkingadvertisementsleadtomorecaraccidents.C.Peoplefeelguiltyafterviewinganti－drinkingadvertisements.D.ManypeoplethinktheyareatgreaterriskfromdrinkingthantheirfriendsarE.
DyslexiaisaproblemthatrestrictstheabilitytorecognizewordsandconnectsoundswithletterswhenpeoplereaD.PeoplewiththislearningdisordermayalsohaveproblemswhentheywritE.DyslexiaisnotrelatedtoeyesightorintelligencE.TheprobleminvolvesareasofthebrainthatprocesslanguagE.Brainscientistsarestudyingwhethertheycanpredictwhichyoungchildrenmaystrugglewithreadingtoprovidethemwithearlyhelp.JohnGabrieliattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyisleadingthestudyoffive-year-oldsinabouttwentyschoolsintheBostonareA.Theystudiedintheschoolswithkindergartens.Andforallthechildrenjoininginthestudytheygivethemabriefsetofpaper-and-pencilteststolookatwhichchildrenappeartobeatsomeriskforstrugglingtoreaD.Sofarfiftyofthemhavebeenexaminedinascanneraspecialmachinetoshowbrainactivity.Writtentestsarenotalwaysabletoidentifydyslexiaorotherproblemswhilebrainscansmayofferamorescientificwaytoidentifyproblems.Andwithreadingproblemsearlyidentificationisimportant.WhenitcomestohelpingchildrenovercomereadingdifficultiestheyoungerthechildthemoreeffectivetheyarE.ReadingproblemsarenotusuallyidentifieduntilachildisinthethirdorfourthgradE.Thelaterchildrenarerecognizedaspoorreadersthelesstreatmentcanhelp.AndasProfessorGabrielipointsoutpoorreadingcanmakeeducationastrugglE.Readingiseverything.Evenmathandsciencehavetextbooks.Whilethechildrenaregiventasksrelatedtoreadingthebrainscansmeasuretheextenttowhichcertainpartsofthebrainbecomeactivewhilethechildrendothework.Thescientistssaytheyarepleasedwithearlyresultsfromthestudybuthavealongwaytogo.24.Dyslexiaaffectsthepartofbrainconcerning________.A.eyesightB.intelligenceC.languageD.emotion25.Dyslexiaproblemsaremorelikelytobeidentifiedthrough________.A.speechcontestsB.readingefficiencyC.listeningcomprehensionD.brainscans26.Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingshasthebesttimetoovercomereadingdifficulties?A.Tomaboyinthekindergarten.B.Kateahighschoolleaver.C.Janeaprimaryschoolstudent.D.Steveamaninhisthirties.27.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.AneffectivewaytoidentityDyslexiaatanearlystagE.B.A.learningdisorderinvolvingone’sintelligencE.C.Dyslexia—aproblemaffectingone’sreadingandwriting.D.A.possiblesolutiontotheproblemsrelatedtoDyslexiA.
HowdiditmakeyoufeelwhenyoulearnedthatKFC’sBeijingrestaurantspulledthreemoreitemsfromtheirmenulastweek?TherewerefearsthattheitemsmayhavecontainedthecancercausingcolouringSudanⅠ.Doyouhaveanydesiretotakethefoodprovidertocourtbecauseitfedyousomethingdangerous?Afterallthelawsupposedlygivespeopletherighttofightfortheirrights.Butsomeexpertshavesaiditmightnotbesowisetogodirectlytocourt.QiuBaochangalawyerinBeijingsuggestedthatconsumersdealwiththeproblembyconsultingKFC.Inadditiontothehighcostsconsumers’complaintsareunlikelytowintheircaseunlesstheycanprovetheyhavehadthebanneddyeatKFCQiuexplaineD.Oneproblemforthosewantingtotakeactionagainstthefastfoodchainisthatfewcustomersaskfororkeepreceipts.Andthisisjustthefirststep.IftheycanprovethattheirhealthhasbeendamagedbyKFCtheycansue控告thecompany.ButthatwouldbealmostimpossibletodosobecausetheSudanⅠdamageisalongtermeffectandisnotimmediatelyapparent.AKFCspokespersonsaidonMondaythatthecompanywasconfidentofbeingabletohandlecustomerscomplaints:Wewillobeylegalprocedureifwereceiveanycomplaints.24.WhydidKFCsBeijingrestaurantspullthreemoreitemsfromtheirmenus?______A.Becausethecompanywasafraidofnotbeingabletohandlecustomers’complaints.B.BecausecolouringSudanⅠmayhavebeencontainedinthoseitems.C.BecausetheKFC’srestaurantswereaccusedofsellingpoisonousfoodtothecustomers.D.Becausetheseitemswerenolongerpopularwiththecustomers.25.Thereasonwhytheexpertsuggestednotgoingdirectlyintocourtisthat______.A.thecostswillbehighB.consumerscantprovethefoodcontainedSudanⅠC.consumerscantprovethefoodatKFCdamagedtheirhealthD.alloftheabove26.Thispassagemostprobablyappearsin______.A.anoticeB.abookonfoodC.astorybookD.anewspaper27.Whatisthegeneralideaofthepassage?______A.KFC’sBeijingrestaurantspulledthreemoreitemsfromtheirmenuslastweek.B.HowtheconsumersdealtwiththeKFCproblem.C.HowKFChandledthecustomerscomplains.D.Consumersneverforgottoaskfororkeepreceipts.
WhenpeopleaskmewhatDownSyndrome唐氏综合症isItellthemit’sanextrachromosome染色体.A.doctorwouldtellyoutheextrachromosomecausesanintellectualdisabilitythatmakesitharderformetolearnthings.EventhoughIhaveDownSyndromemylifeisalotlikeyours.IreadbooksandwatchTV.Ilistentomusicwithmyfriends.I’montheswimteamandinchorusatschool.IthinkaboutthefutureandIliketheonewhoI’llmarry.AndIgetalongwithmysisters---exceptwhentheytakeCDswithoutasking!I’mahardworkeragoodpersonandIcareaboutmyfriends.Someofmyclassesarewithtypicalkidsandsomearewithkidswithlearningdisabilities.Ihaveanaidwhogoeswithmetomyharderclasseslikemathandbiology.ShehelpsmetakenotesandgivesmetipsonhowIshouldstudyfortests.ItreallyhelpsbutIalsochallengemyselftodowell.ForinstancemygoalwastobeinatypicalEnglishclassby12thgradE.That’sexactlywhathappenedthisyear!It’struethatIdon’tlearnsomethingsasfastasotherpeopledo.Butthatwon’tstopmefromtrying.IjustknowthatifIworkreallyhardandbymyselfIcandoalmostanything.Ican’tchangethefactthatIhaveDownSyndromebutonethingIwouldchangeiswhatpeoplethinkofmE.I’dtellthemJudgemeasawholepersonnotjustthepersonyouseE.TreatmewithrespectandacceptmeforwhoIam.Themostimportant---justbemyfrienD.28.A.personwithDownSyndrome____________accordingtothepassagE.A.canlearnthingsalmostasfastasnormalpeopledoB.hasonemorechromosomethannormalpeopleC.ishardtogetalongwithD.iseasytogetalongwith29.Thewritertriestopicturehimselfasa__________teenager.A.normalB.perfectC.lovelyD.special30.Thewriterfeels________abouthislifE.A.confusedB.hopefulC.unhappyD.curious31.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.ToprovepeoplewithDownSyndromearealotlikehealthyonesB.Toshowthewriter’shonestyandoptimismC.Tochangepeople’sattitudetowardspeoplewithDownSyndromeD.Todescribethelifeofastudentwithlearningdisabilities
Hypothermiawhichmeansastateinwhichthebody'stemperatureisbelow35.0°Cisthecauseofatleast1500deathsayearintheUnitedStates.Itismorecommoninolderpeopleandmales.HypothermiacanbemildmoderateorseverE.Mildhypothermiaissomethingthatmostpeopleincoldclimateshaveexperiencedatonetimeoranother.Youfeelsocoldthatyourbodystartstoshake--notverymuchbutuncontrollably.Thetreatmentformildhypothermiastartswithgettingoutofthecoldandifnecessarychangingintodryclothes.Drinkingwarmnon-alcoholicliquidsandeatingsomethingsugarycanstoptheshivering.Takingawarmbathorsittingbyafireordoingsomeexercisecanalsohelpthebodywarmup.Theseareallcommon-sensetreatments.ButtreatmentneedstochangewhenpeopleenterthemoderateorseverestagesofhypothermiA.Inthatsituationtheirbodytemperaturedropsbelowthirty-fivedegreesCelsius.Theylosetheabilitytothinkclearly.Theirmusclesbecomestiff.Theymightbumpintothingsorfalloverobjects.Membersofsearch-and-rescueteamswillfirsttrytopreventadditionalheatloss.Theywillplaceextracoveringaroundthechestheadandneckofhypothermiavictimstokeepthemwarm.HypothermiavictimsneedmedicalhelpassoonaspossiblE.Workingquicklytogetpeopleoutofthecoldisimportant.Howeverhypothermiavictimsmustbemovedslowlyandgently.Anyroughorsuddenmovementcanforcecoldbloodfromthearmslegsandhandsdeepintothewarmermiddleofthebody.Thissuddenflowofcoldbloodcancreateshockaseriouscondition.Itcanalsocauseanabnormalheartbeat.Membersofsearch-and-rescueteamshaveasayingthathypothermiavictimsarenotdeaduntiltheyarewarmanddeaD.Theprocessofrewarmingapersonneedstobedoneslowlyinahospitalsetting.AnextremelylowbodytemperaturecancausethehearttobeatsoslowlythatapulsemaybedifficulttofinD.InotherwordsapersonwhoissufferingfromtheeffectsofseverecoldmayseemdeadbutstillbealivE.28.Accordingtothetextwhenapersonexperiencemildhypothermia_____.A.Hefeelscoldsoheshakesdeliberately.B.Hecandrinksomewinetostoptheshaking.C.Somecommontreatmentscanhelphimrecover.D.Heshouldbesenttothehospitalimmediately.29.Whichofthefollowingexpressioncantaketheplaceoftheunderlinedwords?A.knockintoB.breakintoC.lookintoD.getinto30.WhenpeopleenterthemoderateorseverestagesofhypothermiawhichofthefollowingstatementisWRONG?_________A.Theirbodytemperaturedropsbelow35℃.B.Therescueworkersshouldfirsthelpthemwarmslowlyandgentlyinapropersituation.C.Ifhypothermiaisn’ttreatedcorrectlythevictim’sheartmaynotbeatnormally.D.HypothermiavictimsseemalivebutdeaD.31.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?________.A.DifferentkindsofhypothermiaB.MedicalhelpisimportantintreatinghypothermiaC.EmergencytreatmentfordifferenttypesofhypothermiA.D.Howtoavoidcold-weatherinjuries.
Peoplearen’twalkinganymore---iftheycanfigureoutawaytoavoidit.IfeltsuperioraboutthismatteruntiltheotherdayItookmycartomailasmallparcel.Thejourneyisamatterof281steps.ButIusedthecar.AndIwasn’tinanyhurryeitherIhadmerelybecomeonemorevictimofanationalsickness:motorosis.ItisanillnesstowhichIhadthoughtmyselfimmune免疫的forIwasbredinthetraditionofgoingtoplacesonmyowntwolegs.Atthattimeweregarded25milesasgoodday’swalkandtheabilitytocoversuchadistanceintenhoursassignofstrengthandskill.Itdidnotoccurtousthatwalkingwasahardship.Andtheeffectwaslasting.WhenIwas45yearsoldIraced–andbeat—ateenagefootballplayerthe168stepsuptheStatureofLiberty.Suchenterprisestodayareregardedbymanymiddle-agedpersonsasbadfortheheart.Butawell-knownBritishphysicianSirAdolpheAbrhamspointedoutrecentlythatheartsandbodiesneedproperexercisE.A.personwhoavoidsexerciseismorelikelytohaveillnessesthanonewhoexercisesregularly.Andwalkingisanidealformofexercise—themostfamiliarandnaturalofall.ItwasHenryThoreauwhoshowedmankindtherichnessofgoingonfoot.ThemanwalkingcanlearnthetreesflowerinsectsbirdsandanimalsthesignificanceofseasonstheveryfeelofhimselfasalivingcreatureinalivingworldHecannotlearninacar.ThecarisaconvenientmeansoftransportbutwehavemadeitourwayoflifE.Manypeopledon’tdaretoapproachNatureanymore;tothemtheworldtheywereborntoenjoyisallthreat.TothemsecurityisasteelriverthunderingonaconcreteroaD.Andmuchoftheirthinkingtakesplacewhilewaitingforthetrafficlighttoturngreen.Isaythatthegreenofforestsisthemind’sbestlight.Andnonebutthemanonfootcanevaluatewhatisbasicandeverlasting.28.Whatisthenationalsickness?A.WalkingtoomuchB.TravelingtoomuchC.DrivingcarstoomuchD.Climbingstairstoomuch.29.Whatwaslifelikewhentheauthorwasyoung?A.Peopleusuallywentaroundonfoot.B.Peopleoftenwalked25milesadayC.PeopleusedtoclimbtheStatueofLiberty.D.Peopleconsideredaten-hourwalkasahardship.30.TheauthormentionsHenryThoreautoprovethat____.A.middle-agedpeoplelikegettingbacktonatureB.walkinginnaturehelpsenrichone’smindC.peopleneedregularexercisetokeepfitD.goingonfootpreventsheartdisease31.WhatiscomparedtoasteelriverinParagraph6?A.A.queueofcarsB.A.rayoftrafficlightC.A.flashoflightningD.A.streamofpeople
Deathisnaturalbutdoyouhaveanyideaoftheprocessofdying?Modernscientistsdividetheprocessofdyingintotwophases---clinicalortemporarydeathandbiologicaldeath.Clinicaldeathoccurswhenthevitalorganssuchastheheartorlungshaveceasedtofunctionbuthavenotsufferedpermanentdamage.Theorganismcanstillberevived复活.Biologicaldeathoccurswhenchangesintheorganismleadtothebreakingupofvitalcellsandtissues.Deathisthenunchangeableandfinal.Scientistshavebeenseekingawaytoprolongtheperiodofclinicaldeathsothattheorganismcanremainalivebeforebiologicaldeathoccurs.Thebestmethoddevelopedsofarinvolvescoolingoftheorganismcombinedwithnarcoticsleep.Byslowingdownthebody’smetabolism新陈代谢coolingdelaystheprocessesleadingtobiologicaldeath.Toillustratehowthisworksscientistsperformedanexperimentonasix-year-oldfemalemonkeycalledKeta.ThescientistputKetatosleepwithanarcotic.Thentheysurroundedherbodywithice-bagsandbegancheckingherbodytemperature.Whenithaddroppedto28degreesthescientistsbegandrainingbloodfromanartery.Themonkey’sbloodpressuredecreasedandanhourlaterboththeheartandbreathingstopped:clinicaldeathsetin.FortwentyminutesKetaremainedinthisstate.Hertemperaturedroppedto22degrees.Atthispointthescientistspumpedbloodintoanarteryinthedirectionoftheheartandstartedartificialbreathing.AftertwominutesKeta’sheartbecameactiveoncemore.Afterfifteenminutesspontaneous自发的breathingbeganandafterfourhoursKetaopenedhereyesandliftedherhead.AftersixhourswhenthescientiststriedtogiveherapenicillininjectionKetaseizedthesyringeandranwithitaroundtheroom.Herbehaviordifferedlittlefromthatofahealthyanimal.24.Forapersonwhosuffersfromtheclinicaldeath_________.A.hismostimportantorgansaredamaged.B.hestillhasthepossibilityofgettingbacktolife.C.hecannotavoidfinaldeath.D.heisstillverymuchalive25.Scientiststrytomakethetimeofclinicaldeathlongerinorderto__________.A.slowdownthebody’smetabolism.B.bringvitalcellsandtissuesbacktoactivelife.C.cooltheorganism.D.delaythecomingofbiologicaldeath.26.HowdidthescientistsputKetaintoclinicaldeath?A.Byputtinghertosleeploweringhertemperatureanddrainingherblood.B.Bysurroundingherbodywithice-bagsanddrainingherblood.C.Bylowingherbloodpressureandstoppingherheartfrombeating.D.Bydrainingherbloodloweringherbloodpressureandstoppingherbreathing.27.Allofthefollowingindicatethatthemonkeyhasalmostrestoredtoheroriginalphysicalstateexceptthefactthat__________.A.herheartbeatagain.B.sheregainedhernormalbreath.C.sherejectedapenicillininjection.D.sheactedaslivelyasahealthymonkey.
Theproductionofcoffeebeansisahugeprofitablebusinessbutunfortunatelyfull-sunproductionistakingovertheindustryandbringingaboutalotofdamagE.Thechangeinhowcoffeeisgrownfromshade-grownproductiontofull-sunproductionendangerstheveryexistenceofcertainanimalsandbirdsandevendisturbstheworld’secologicalbalancE.Onalocallevelthedamageoftheforestrequiredbyfull-sunfieldsaffectsthearea’sbirdsandanimals.Theshadeoftheforesttreesprovidesahomeforbirdsandotherspecial物种thatdependonthetrees’flowersandfruits.Full-suncoffeegrowersdestroythisforesthomE.Asaresultmanyspecialarequicklydyingout.Onamoregloballevelthedestructionoftherainforestforfull-suncoffeefieldsalsothreatens威胁humanlifE.Medicalresearchoftenmakesuseoftheforests'plantandanimallifeandthedestructionofsuchspeciescouldpreventresearchersfromfindingcuresforcertaindiseases.Inadditionnewcoffee-growingtechniquesarepoisoningthewaterlocallyandeventuallytheworld'sgroundwater.Bothlocallyandgloballythecontinuedspreadoffull-suncoffeeplantations种植园couldmeanthedestructionoftherainforestecology.Thelossofshadetreesisalreadycausingaslightchangeintheworld'sclimateandstudiesshowthatlossofoxygen-givingtreesalsoleadstoairpollutionandglobalwarming.Moreoverthenewgrowingtechniquesarecontributingtoacidic酸性的soilconditions.Itisobviousthatthewaymuchcoffeeisgrownaffectsmanyaspectsmanyaspectsoflifefromthelocalenvironmenttotheglobalecology.ButconsumersdohaveachoicE.Theycanpurchaseshade-growncoffeewheneverpossiblealthoughatahighercost.ThefuturehealthoftheplanetandmankindissurelyworthmorethananinexpensivecupofcoffeE.21.Whatcanwelearnaboutfull-suncoffeeproductionfromParagraph4?A.Itlimitsthespreadofnewgrowingtechniques.B.Itleadstoairpollutionandglobalwarming.C.Itslowsdownthelossofshadetrees.D.Itimproveslocalsoilconditions.22.Thepurposeofthetextisto.A.entertainB.advertiseC.instructD.persuade23.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.AnagriculturalmagazinE.B.A.medicaljournal.C.Anengineeringtextbook.D.A.touristguidE.24.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthewholetext
Weknowtheeffectcalorieshaveonyourbody.Foreachpoundofweightthatyourbodycarriesittakesabout12caloriesperpoundperdaytokeepitalivE.Ifyouweigh150poundsyouthereforeneedabout150×121800caloriesperdaytokeepyourselfaliveandmaintainthatsameweight.Ifyouweretoeatmorethan1800caloriesperdaytheextraturnsintofat.Ittakesabout3600caloriestomakeapoundoffat.Thegraphbelowshowsyoureatingpatternbeforeduringandafterthediet.Notethatthegraphassumesthatyoulikemostpeopleeatanynumberofcaloriesperday.Somedaysyouaregoodandeatlessandsomedaysyouarebadandeatmorebuttheassumptionisthatitaveragesoutto2000caloriesperdayoverthelongrun.Thedietreallytakestheweightoff.Buttheweightcomesrightbackwhenyoureturntoyournormaleatingpattern.Theweightappearstocomebacksoquicklybecausewhenyouareatyourlightestyoutendtogainmoreweighteachday.ThelighteryouarethefewercaloriesyouneeD.Ifyouonlyneed1500caloriesperdayandyou’reeating2000you’regoingtogainweightfasterthanifyouneed1800andyou’reeating2000.Thereareonlytwowaystokeeptheweightoff:·Changeyouroveralleatingpatternsothatyoutakeinonaveragefewercaloriesthanbeforeyouwentonthediet.·Startexercisingsothatyouburntheextracaloriesyoutakein.·Thebestcourseofactionisacombinationofthesetwochoices.32.Whichofthequestionsdoesthepassageanswer?________A.Whydoestheweightcomebacksoquicklyonceonestopsdieting?B.Whydoescalorieplaysoimportantapartinkeepingfit?C.Whydosomepeoplegetfatterinthemodernsociety?D.Whydopeopleneedtoburncalorieseveryday?33.Howwillapersonbecomeifthereiscaloriemorethanneeded?________A.HemightfeelsickB.Hemightgainweight.C.HemustseeadoctoratonceD.Hewouldeatmorethanhecan.34.Whomightgetheavymorequicklyiftheyeat2500caloriesperday?________A.Awomanof167poundsB.Amanof157poundsC.Amanof147poundsD.Awomanof160pounds35.WhichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthorNOTagreetoaccordingtothepassage?________A.Peopledon’thavetodietbecauseoncetheystoptheywillgainweight.B.People’sweightcandeterminetheamountofcaloriesneedeD.C.Dietingpeoplecanexercisemoreandtakeinlesscaloriesinthelongrun.D.Thinpeoplehopingtogetweightdon’thavetogoondieting.
WhenhewasaboyTimwasmuchinfluencedbythebooksabouttheseabutinfactbytheageoffifteenhehaddecidedtobecomeadoctorratherthanasailor.Hisfatherwasadentist牙医andasaresultTimhadtheopportunityofmeetingmanydoctorseitherathomeorelsewherE.Whenhewasfourteenhewasalreadyhangingaroundtheclinic诊所ofalocaldoctorwherehewassupposedtohelptowrapupmedicinebottlesbutwasactuallytryingtolistentotheconversationstakingplacebetweenthedoctorandhispatientsinthenextroom.DuringthewarTimservedintheNavyasasurgeon外科医生.ThatwasthehappiesttimeofmylifE.Iwasdealingwithveryrealsufferingandonthewholemakingasuccessofit.InCaliforniahetaughtthecountrypeoplesimplefactsaboutmedicinE.Hesawhimselfasalife-saver.Hehadprovedhisskillstohimselfandhisabilitytotakedecisions.Thuswhilehewasabletotellthemwhattodohecouldfeelhewassavingthem.Afterthewarhegotmarriedandchosetobeadoctorinthecountrysideworkingunderanolddoctorwhowaspopularintheareabutwhohatedthesightofbloodandbelievedthatthesecretofmedicinewasfaith.Thisgavetheyoungmanmanyopportunitiestogoonworkingasalife-saver.9.Timdecidedtobeadoctorwhenhewas________.A.fourteenB.fifteenC.servingintheNavyD.workinginclinic10.Timdecidedtobecomeadoctormainlybecause________A.hisfatherwantedhimtobeso.B.hisfatherwasasurgeon.C.hehadreadmanybooksaboutmedicinE.D.hehadchancestoknowmanydoctorsandknowaboutwhatdoctorsdiD.11.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?A.duringthewarTimwasasurgeonintheNavy.B.hetaughtthecountrypeoplesimplefactsaboutmedicineinCaliforniA.C.afterthewarhemarriedtheolddoctors’daughter.D.Timworkedasalife-saverafterwar.12.FromthepassagewecaninferthatTim_________.A.wassenttoEuropeduringthewar.B.wasnotafraidofblooD.C.decidedtogiveuphisdoctorcareer.D.regardedhimselfasalife-saver.
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