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在现有基本法律__众知晓率最高的是婚姻法其次是劳动法 这是全国妇联司法部3月2日在京联合公布的一项全国性调查中的一个结论这项名为“妇女法律素质和法律需求”的调查由全国妇联权益部司法部法制宣传司于2004年11月至2005年1月在河北黑龙江江苏湖南四川陕西等6省中联合进行本次调查采用整群分层多阶段随机抽样方法共发放调查问卷4200份 调查发现98.4%的公众都知道婚姻法其中89.7%的人对离婚财产分配的规定有着正确认识只有10.3%的人错误地认为“对家庭贡献大的一方离婚时家庭财产应当多分一些”93.9%的人知道父母有抚养未成年子女的义务95.0%的人知道成年子女有赡养父母的义务 被访的公众对妇女权益保障法的认知度也很高95.2%在劳动权益方面农村中88.3%的公众认为男女应当同工同酬城市居民中有88.8%的人确切地知道我国劳动法妇女权益保障法规定“妇女怀孕产假哺乳期间单位不能单方解除劳动合同” ——摘自2005年3月8日中国网{婚姻法>{劳动法知晓率最高 请回答 1婚姻法的基本原则以及结婚与离婚的相关规定是什么 2劳动法对劳动者的权利与义务有哪些规定
PartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Etofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10points [A]Sincewhitewasthecolourofthekindofparadise!somuchlongedtoliveinsomedaygreyleftbehindnothingmorethanabittertasteofemptinessanddepression.Icanrememberhownoticedoncethatanyothercolourmustbeasymbolforsomethingafeelingorwhatever.Onlygreyseemedtostandforabsolutelynothing.ThiswastheworldIlivedinandsodidhe. [B]Iusedtoworkinamechanicalwayfollowingthesamerhythmoverandoveragainandsodidhe.ButeverytimeIwasabouttogiveuphewouldlifthisheadandgivemealittlesmileasifhecouldguessmythoughts.Ithinkitwasactuallyhiseyesthatimpressedmemost.TheyweresodarkandstraightandthoughtheyseemstobehidinganythingIcouldn’tgetridoftheimpressionthatsomehowhemustbehidingsomething. [C]Thosedaysweremorethanhardforallofus.Thereseemedtobenowaytoescapefromthegreynessofoureverydaylifewhichwastheonlycolourthatsurroundedus.Thehugeconcreteblockswelivedinwasgreythegreyofthefactorydusteventhecolourofourclothesthatoncemighthavebeenwhitewasgrey.Itmusthavebeenabrightandshiningwhite..andIcan’texactlyrecallhowmuchtimeIspenttryingtoimaginethekindofwhiteitmighthavebeen. [D]Welltomakealongstoryshorthediedonlyayearafterhestartedworkingwithus.Itwasacaraccidentandhedidn’thavetosufferverylong.IwenttohisfuneralandtheonlypersonImettherewasanoldladymaybehismother.Shetoldmethathehadlosthisfamilyjusttheyearbeforeandafterthathedidn’tspeakanymore.Hehadn’tsaidasingleword.FirstIdidn’tbelieveher.Ijustthoughtthathewasafairlyquietperson;besidestherewasnothingmuchtosayanyway.ButsuddenlyIrealizedthatIcouldn’trecalleverhavingheardhisvoiceatall.OnlythendidIrealizeit! [E]Havingourjobinthefactorywasstillluxurythoughconsideringthefactthatmostofushadfamiliestofeed.AndnotlongafterhestartedtoworkthereIwouldalwaysfindhimworkingatthemachinenexttomine.We’dworkforhoursnexttoeachotherstayingquietwithourthoughtsdriftingawaytoadifferentplacebutstillawareofourhandsdoingthesamemove-mentsoverandoveragain.Weweredoingthatuntilthebellwouldringtoendtheworkfortheday [F]HegavemesomuchandIknewsolittleabouthim.HehadbeenmyfriendandnowIhadlosthimwithouthavinghadthechancetogiveanythingback.Hehadbeensostrongthathewasa-bletogivewhateverhadhappened.Ifeltweakandguiltyinthosedays.ButafterthatIstartedtocareforthepeoplearoundme.IthinkIstartedtolive. [G]Hewasn’taguyofbigwordsandheseemedtoliveentirelyinhisownworld.IrememberthatduringthedaysheworkedwithusnoneofusexactlyknewwhohewaswherehecamefromorWhathewaslookingforandafterwardshedisappeared.Nobodyknewwherehehadgonewhathewasdoingorifhehadfriendsorafamilytostaywith.Iguesswedidn’tevenknowhisname--andevenifwedidI’veforgottenitanyway. 45
Text3PotentialAIDSvictimswhorefusetobetestedforthediseaseandthendefendtheirrighttoremainignorantaboutwhethertheycarrythevirusareentitledtothatright.Butignorancecannotbeusedtorationalizeirresponsibility.Nowhereintheirargumentistheirconcernabouthowsuchignorancemightendangerpublichealthbyexposingotherstothevirus.Whenadiseaseselectivelyattacksthesociallydisadvantagedsuchashomosexualsanddrugabusersitseemsaninjusticebeyondrationalization.Suchisthecasewithacquiredimmunedeficiencysyndrome.Somecrucialfacts:AIDSisacommunicabledisease.ThepercentageofthoseinfectedwiththeAIDSviruswhowilleventuallycontractthediseaseisunknownbutthatpercentageriseswitheachnewestimate.Thediseasesofarhasbeen100potential.Thelatencyperiodbetweenthetimethevirusisacquiredandthediseasedevelopsisalsounknown.Wenowhavetestsforthepresenceofthevirusthatisasefficientandreliableasalmostanydiagnostictestinmedicine.Anindividualwhotestspositivecanbepresumedwithnear-certaintytocarrytheviruswhetherhehasthediseaseornot.TostatethatthetestforAIDSis"ambiguous"asaclergymanrecentlyinpublicisamisstatementandanimmoralact.Thetestcorrelatessoconsistentlywiththepresenceofthevirusinbacteriaculturesastobeconsidered100percentcertainbyexperts.EveryonewhotestspositivemustunderstandthatheisapotentialpersonfortheAIDSvirusandhasamoraldutyandresponsibilitytopreventothersfrominfection.Wearenotjustdealingwiththeprotectionoftheinnocentbutwithanessentialsteplocontainthespreadofanepidemicashorribleasanythathasbefallenmodernman.Itmayseemunfairtoburdenthetragicvictimswithconcernforthewelfareofothers.Butmoralresponsibilityisnotaluxuryofthefortunateandevilactionscommittedindespaircannotbecondemnedoutofpity.ItismorallywrongforahealthyindividualwhotestspositiveforAIDStobeinvolvedwithanyoneexceptunderthestrictprecautionsnowdefinedassafesex.Itismorallywrongforsomeoneinahighriskpopulationwhorefusestotesthimselftodootherthantoassumethathetestspositive.Itismorallywrongforthosewhooutofsympathyfortheheartbreakingvictimsofthisepidemicasthoughwell-wishingandplatitudesabouttheambiguitiesofthediseasearenecessaryinordertocomfortthevictimswhiletheycontributetoenlargingthenumberofthosevictims.Moralresponsibilityistheburdenofthesickaswellasthehealthy. ThephrasethelatencyperiodParagraph3probablymeans
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsHealthcareisanextraordinarilyobsoletesystem.Aprofessorofemergencymedicineatmajoruniversitysentmeareallyheartbreaking1liesaidthatphysicianshavetostartfromthe2beginningwitheverypatient.Thereisnohistorynotimeto3--theyknownothingaboutthe4Wehaveinferiormedicalservice5thecomputertechnologythatcouldchangeitisnotbeingused.Thedifficultiesofjust6patientrecords--apartfromanalyzingthem7--areunnecessaryandhinderusfromproviding8service.Wehavetheopportunitytodosomewholesalerethinkingof9weprovidehealthcareandturnitintonotonlymedicalservicebutpreventivemaintenancethat10thepatientindecision-making.Wecanbeginthroughpilotanddemonstrationprojectsinhospitalsbydoctorsand11byprivatedoctorparticipation.Physicianscanshowpatientsthe12oftheiractionsandwhatthealternativesare.Technologies13multimediaandinteractivecomputerscan14patientsintheprivacyoftheirownhomestoaskquestionsaboutthese15.Othercountriesaremovingmuchmore16thantheUnitedStatesinmedicalinformation.ThecomputerizationandredesignofSweden’shealthdeliverysystemhasreducedthatnation’s17onthehealthcarefrom12%ofGNPtoalittleover7%.Morethanone-thirdofthepopulationoftheNether-landshastheirmedicalrecordscomputerized.18somehospitalsintheUnitedStateskeepcomputerizedpatient19theserecordsonlycoverthetimethepatientisinthehospitalanddonotincludetheir20medicalhistory. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsHealthcareisanextraordinarilyobsoletesystem.Aprofessorofemergencymedicineatmajoruniversitysentmeareallyheartbreaking1liesaidthatphysicianshavetostartfromthe2beginningwitheverypatient.Thereisnohistorynotimeto3--theyknownothingaboutthe4Wehaveinferiormedicalservice5thecomputertechnologythatcouldchangeitisnotbeingused.Thedifficultiesofjust6patientrecords--apartfromanalyzingthem7--areunnecessaryandhinderusfromproviding8service.Wehavetheopportunitytodosomewholesalerethinkingof9weprovidehealthcareandturnitintonotonlymedicalservicebutpreventivemaintenancethat10thepatientindecision-making.Wecanbeginthroughpilotanddemonstrationprojectsinhospitalsbydoctorsand11byprivatedoctorparticipation.Physicianscanshowpatientsthe12oftheiractionsandwhatthealternativesare.Technologies13multimediaandinteractivecomputerscan14patientsintheprivacyoftheirownhomestoaskquestionsaboutthese15.Othercountriesaremovingmuchmore16thantheUnitedStatesinmedicalinformation.ThecomputerizationandredesignofSweden’shealthdeliverysystemhasreducedthatnation’s17onthehealthcarefrom12%ofGNPtoalittleover7%.Morethanone-thirdofthepopulationoftheNether-landshastheirmedicalrecordscomputerized.18somehospitalsintheUnitedStateskeepcomputerizedpatient19theserecordsonlycoverthetimethepatientisinthehospitalanddonotincludetheir20medicalhistory. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40PointsText1Nationalcharacteristicsarenoteasytopindownandwhenpinneddowntheyoftenturnouttobetrivialitiesorseemtohavenoconnectionwithoneanother.Spaniardsarecrueltoanimals;Italiancandonothingwithoutmakingadeafeningnoise;theChineseareaddictedtogambling.Obviouslysuchthingsdon’tmatterinthemselves.NeverthelessnothingiscauselessantieventhefactthatEnglishmenhavebadteethcantellonesomethingabouttherealitiesofEnglishlife.HereareacoupleofgeneralizationsaboutEnglandthatwouldbeacceptedbyalmostallobservers.OneisthattheEnglisharenotgiftedartistically.TheyarenotasmusicalastheGermansorItalians;paintingandsculpturehaveneverflourishedinEnglandastheyhaveinFrance.AnotheristhatasEuropeansgotheEnglisharenotintellectual.Theyhaveahorrorofabstractthought;theyfeelnoneedforanyphilosophyorsystematic‘world-view’.Noristhisbecausetheyare’practical’astheyaresofondofclaimingforthemselves.Onehasonlytolookattheirmethodsoftownplanningandwatersupplytheirobstinateclingingtoeverythingthatisoutofdateandanuisanceaspellingsystemthatdefiesanalysisandasystemofweightsandmeasuresthatisintelligibleonlytothecompilersofarithmeticbookstoseehowlittletheycareaboutmereefficiency.AnotherEnglishcharacteristicwhichissomuchapartofusthatwebarelynoticeitistheaddictiontohobbiesandspare-timeoccupationstheprivatenessofEnglishlife.Weareanationofflower-loversbutalsoanationofstamp-collectorspigeon-fanciersamateurcarpenterscoupon-snipersdarts-playerscrossword-puzzlefans.Alltheculturethatismosttrulynativecentersroundthingswhichevenwhentheyarecommunalarenotofficial--thepubthefootballmatchthebackgardenthefiresideandthe‘nicecupoftea’.Thelibertytheindividualisstillbelievedinalmostasinthenineteenthcentury.Butthishasnothingtodowitheconomiclibertytherighttoexploitothersforprofit.Itisthelibertytohaveahomeofyourowntodowhatyoulikeinyoursparetimetochooseyourownamusementsinsteadofhavingthemchosenforyoufromabove. Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph
Text4AdamSmiththeScottishprofessorofmoralphilosophywasthrilledbyhisrecognitionoforderintheeconomicsystem.HisbooktheWealthofNations1776isthegerminalbookinthefieldofeconomicswhichearnedhimthetitle"thefatherofeconomics".InSmith’sviewanation’swealthwasdependentuponproductionnotagriculturealone.Howmuchitproducedhebelieveddependeduponhowwellitcombinedlaborandtheotherfactorsofproduction.Themoreefficientthecombinationthegreatertheoutputandthegreaterthenation’swealth.TheessenceofSmith’seconomicphilosophywashisbeliefthataneconomywouldworkbestiflefttofunctiononitsownwithoutgovernmentregulation.Inthosecircumstancesself-interestwouldleadbusinessfirmstoproduceonlythoseproductsthatconsumerswantedandtoproducethematthelowestpossiblecost.Theywoulddothisnotasameansofbenefitingsocietybutinanefforttooutperformtheircompetitorsandgainthegreatestprofit.Butallthisself-interestwouldbenefitsocietyasawholebyprovidingitwithmoreandbettergoodsandserviceatthelowestprices.Smithsaidinhisbook:"Everyindividualendeavorstoemployhiscapitalsothatitsproducemaybeofgreatestvalue.Hegenerallydoesn’tintendtopromotethepublicinterest.Heintendsonlyhisownsecurityonlyhisgain.Andheisinthisledbyaninvisiblehandtopromotethatwhichwasnopartofhisintention."The"invisiblehand"wasSmiths’namefortheeconomicforcesthatwetodaywouldcallsupplyanddemand.Smithagreedwiththephysiocratsandtheirpolicyof"laissezfaire"lettingindividualsandbusinessesfunctionwithoutinterferencefromgovernmentregulation.Inthatwaythe"in-visiblehand"wouldbefreetoguidetheeconomyandmaximizeproduction.Smithwasverycriticalofmonopolieswhichrestrictedthecompetitionthathesawasvitalforeconomicprosperity.Herecognizedthatthevirtuesofthemarketmechanismarefullyrealizedonlywhenthechecksandbalancesofperfectcompetitionarepresent.Perfectcompetitionreferstoamarketinwhichnofirmorconsumerislargeenoughtoaffectthemarketprice.Theinvisiblehandtheoryisabouteconomiesinwhichallthemarketsareperfectlycompetitive.Insuchcircumstancesmarketswillproduceanefficientallocationofresourcessothataneconomyisonitsproduction-possibilityfrontier.Whenallindustriesaresubjecttothechecksandbalancesofperfectcompetitionmarketscanproduceanefficientbundleofproductswiththemostefficienttechniquesandusingtheminimumamountofinputs.Butwhenmonopoliesbecomepervasivetheremarkableefficiencypropertiesoftheinvisibleeconomicphilosophydisappear. Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethewaytheauthorwritesthepassage
Text4AdamSmiththeScottishprofessorofmoralphilosophywasthrilledbyhisrecognitionoforderintheeconomicsystem.HisbooktheWealthofNations1776isthegerminalbookinthefieldofeconomicswhichearnedhimthetitle"thefatherofeconomics".InSmith’sviewanation’swealthwasdependentuponproductionnotagriculturealone.Howmuchitproducedhebelieveddependeduponhowwellitcombinedlaborandtheotherfactorsofproduction.Themoreefficientthecombinationthegreatertheoutputandthegreaterthenation’swealth.TheessenceofSmith’seconomicphilosophywashisbeliefthataneconomywouldworkbestiflefttofunctiononitsownwithoutgovernmentregulation.Inthosecircumstancesself-interestwouldleadbusinessfirmstoproduceonlythoseproductsthatconsumerswantedandtoproducethematthelowestpossiblecost.Theywoulddothisnotasameansofbenefitingsocietybutinanefforttooutperformtheircompetitorsandgainthegreatestprofit.Butallthisself-interestwouldbenefitsocietyasawholebyprovidingitwithmoreandbettergoodsandserviceatthelowestprices.Smithsaidinhisbook:"Everyindividualendeavorstoemployhiscapitalsothatitsproducemaybeofgreatestvalue.Hegenerallydoesn’tintendtopromotethepublicinterest.Heintendsonlyhisownsecurityonlyhisgain.Andheisinthisledbyaninvisiblehandtopromotethatwhichwasnopartofhisintention."The"invisiblehand"wasSmiths’namefortheeconomicforcesthatwetodaywouldcallsupplyanddemand.Smithagreedwiththephysiocratsandtheirpolicyof"laissezfaire"lettingindividualsandbusinessesfunctionwithoutinterferencefromgovernmentregulation.Inthatwaythe"in-visiblehand"wouldbefreetoguidetheeconomyandmaximizeproduction.Smithwasverycriticalofmonopolieswhichrestrictedthecompetitionthathesawasvitalforeconomicprosperity.Herecognizedthatthevirtuesofthemarketmechanismarefullyrealizedonlywhenthechecksandbalancesofperfectcompetitionarepresent.Perfectcompetitionreferstoamarketinwhichnofirmorconsumerislargeenoughtoaffectthemarketprice.Theinvisiblehandtheoryisabouteconomiesinwhichallthemarketsareperfectlycompetitive.Insuchcircumstancesmarketswillproduceanefficientallocationofresourcessothataneconomyisonitsproduction-possibilityfrontier.Whenallindustriesaresubjecttothechecksandbalancesofperfectcompetitionmarketscanproduceanefficientbundleofproductswiththemostefficienttechniquesandusingtheminimumamountofinputs.Butwhenmonopoliesbecomepervasivetheremarkableefficiencypropertiesoftheinvisibleeconomicphilosophydisappear. WhatdoestheinvisiblehandParagraph5referto
PartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Etofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10points [A]Sincewhitewasthecolourofthekindofparadise!somuchlongedtoliveinsomedaygreyleftbehindnothingmorethanabittertasteofemptinessanddepression.Icanrememberhownoticedoncethatanyothercolourmustbeasymbolforsomethingafeelingorwhatever.Onlygreyseemedtostandforabsolutelynothing.ThiswastheworldIlivedinandsodidhe. [B]Iusedtoworkinamechanicalwayfollowingthesamerhythmoverandoveragainandsodidhe.ButeverytimeIwasabouttogiveuphewouldlifthisheadandgivemealittlesmileasifhecouldguessmythoughts.Ithinkitwasactuallyhiseyesthatimpressedmemost.TheyweresodarkandstraightandthoughtheyseemstobehidinganythingIcouldn’tgetridoftheimpressionthatsomehowhemustbehidingsomething. [C]Thosedaysweremorethanhardforallofus.Thereseemedtobenowaytoescapefromthegreynessofoureverydaylifewhichwastheonlycolourthatsurroundedus.Thehugeconcreteblockswelivedinwasgreythegreyofthefactorydusteventhecolourofourclothesthatoncemighthavebeenwhitewasgrey.Itmusthavebeenabrightandshiningwhite..andIcan’texactlyrecallhowmuchtimeIspenttryingtoimaginethekindofwhiteitmighthavebeen. [D]Welltomakealongstoryshorthediedonlyayearafterhestartedworkingwithus.Itwasacaraccidentandhedidn’thavetosufferverylong.IwenttohisfuneralandtheonlypersonImettherewasanoldladymaybehismother.Shetoldmethathehadlosthisfamilyjusttheyearbeforeandafterthathedidn’tspeakanymore.Hehadn’tsaidasingleword.FirstIdidn’tbelieveher.Ijustthoughtthathewasafairlyquietperson;besidestherewasnothingmuchtosayanyway.ButsuddenlyIrealizedthatIcouldn’trecalleverhavingheardhisvoiceatall.OnlythendidIrealizeit! [E]Havingourjobinthefactorywasstillluxurythoughconsideringthefactthatmostofushadfamiliestofeed.AndnotlongafterhestartedtoworkthereIwouldalwaysfindhimworkingatthemachinenexttomine.We’dworkforhoursnexttoeachotherstayingquietwithourthoughtsdriftingawaytoadifferentplacebutstillawareofourhandsdoingthesamemove-mentsoverandoveragain.Weweredoingthatuntilthebellwouldringtoendtheworkfortheday [F]HegavemesomuchandIknewsolittleabouthim.HehadbeenmyfriendandnowIhadlosthimwithouthavinghadthechancetogiveanythingback.Hehadbeensostrongthathewasa-bletogivewhateverhadhappened.Ifeltweakandguiltyinthosedays.ButafterthatIstartedtocareforthepeoplearoundme.IthinkIstartedtolive. [G]Hewasn’taguyofbigwordsandheseemedtoliveentirelyinhisownworld.IrememberthatduringthedaysheworkedwithusnoneofusexactlyknewwhohewaswherehecamefromorWhathewaslookingforandafterwardshedisappeared.Nobodyknewwherehehadgonewhathewasdoingorifhehadfriendsorafamilytostaywith.Iguesswedidn’tevenknowhisname--andevenifwedidI’veforgottenitanyway. 43
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsHealthcareisanextraordinarilyobsoletesystem.Aprofessorofemergencymedicineatmajoruniversitysentmeareallyheartbreaking1liesaidthatphysicianshavetostartfromthe2beginningwitheverypatient.Thereisnohistorynotimeto3--theyknownothingaboutthe4Wehaveinferiormedicalservice5thecomputertechnologythatcouldchangeitisnotbeingused.Thedifficultiesofjust6patientrecords--apartfromanalyzingthem7--areunnecessaryandhinderusfromproviding8service.Wehavetheopportunitytodosomewholesalerethinkingof9weprovidehealthcareandturnitintonotonlymedicalservicebutpreventivemaintenancethat10thepatientindecision-making.Wecanbeginthroughpilotanddemonstrationprojectsinhospitalsbydoctorsand11byprivatedoctorparticipation.Physicianscanshowpatientsthe12oftheiractionsandwhatthealternativesare.Technologies13multimediaandinteractivecomputerscan14patientsintheprivacyoftheirownhomestoaskquestionsaboutthese15.Othercountriesaremovingmuchmore16thantheUnitedStatesinmedicalinformation.ThecomputerizationandredesignofSweden’shealthdeliverysystemhasreducedthatnation’s17onthehealthcarefrom12%ofGNPtoalittleover7%.Morethanone-thirdofthepopulationoftheNether-landshastheirmedicalrecordscomputerized.18somehospitalsintheUnitedStateskeepcomputerizedpatient19theserecordsonlycoverthetimethepatientisinthehospitalanddonotincludetheir20medicalhistory. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsHealthcareisanextraordinarilyobsoletesystem.Aprofessorofemergencymedicineatmajoruniversitysentmeareallyheartbreaking1liesaidthatphysicianshavetostartfromthe2beginningwitheverypatient.Thereisnohistorynotimeto3--theyknownothingaboutthe4Wehaveinferiormedicalservice5thecomputertechnologythatcouldchangeitisnotbeingused.Thedifficultiesofjust6patientrecords--apartfromanalyzingthem7--areunnecessaryandhinderusfromproviding8service.Wehavetheopportunitytodosomewholesalerethinkingof9weprovidehealthcareandturnitintonotonlymedicalservicebutpreventivemaintenancethat10thepatientindecision-making.Wecanbeginthroughpilotanddemonstrationprojectsinhospitalsbydoctorsand11byprivatedoctorparticipation.Physicianscanshowpatientsthe12oftheiractionsandwhatthealternativesare.Technologies13multimediaandinteractivecomputerscan14patientsintheprivacyoftheirownhomestoaskquestionsaboutthese15.Othercountriesaremovingmuchmore16thantheUnitedStatesinmedicalinformation.ThecomputerizationandredesignofSweden’shealthdeliverysystemhasreducedthatnation’s17onthehealthcarefrom12%ofGNPtoalittleover7%.Morethanone-thirdofthepopulationoftheNether-landshastheirmedicalrecordscomputerized.18somehospitalsintheUnitedStateskeepcomputerizedpatient19theserecordsonlycoverthetimethepatientisinthehospitalanddonotincludetheir20medicalhistory. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
Directions: Youareaseniorstudentandaregoingtograduatenextyear.WritealettertotheGraduateSchoolofauniversityexpressingyourwilltopurchaseMasterdegreethere.Pleaseintroduceyourselfandinquireaboutinformationyouthinknecessary. Writeyourletterwithnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.10points
Thehumanbraincandoalotofwonderfulthings;manyoftheminclude1masteryofcomplexfeedbacksystemswithlong2Forexampleconsiderhowdifficultraisingachildtrulyis.Manyfactorsare3includingthenutritionalphysicalemotionalandmentalconditionofthechildandthefeedbackofthesefactors4thebehaviorofthoseinvolvedinraisingthechild.To5mattersmanyoftheresponsesofthechild/parentsystemtakeyearsto6themselves.Yetbillionsofparentshavesomehow7tofeedclotheprotectnurturehealteachandlovetheirchildren8successfuladulthood. 9allourintuitivesophisticationindealingwithcomplicatedsituationsit’’sa10toseehowpoorlywedealwithsomenewersystemsmostof11broughtaboutbytechnology. BothraisingchildrenandprotectingEarth’’slife-supportsystemsare12oflifeanddeath;inthelongtermtheyareequallyimportant.But13ourbrainsseemfairlywellpreparedforthelong-termprocessofraisingkidsweseemtohave14built-inskillfortakingcareoftheenvironmentthatsupportsusanychildrenwemighthaveandallother15.Itseemsthatthethinkingpartsofourbrainscan’’tdealwithcomplicatedsystemsandtheirlong-term16andthe17partsofourbrainsthatcandealwithcomplexsystemsdon’’thelpusmuchoutsideoftheir18areas.Oneofthegoalsofsystemsscienceistousemathandcomputerstohelppeoplegetbetter19takingcareofEarth’’slife-supportsystems.Thetaskinvolvesteachingourthinkingbrainsabout20complicatedsystemswork.
Text2Themoralhighgroundhasalwaysbeenfemaleterritory.Menafteralllieandcheatandrobandpollutetheenvironmentanddisproportionatelypopulatetheprisonswhilewomendotheirbesttoappreciatetheirgoodqualities.Somewomenatleast.Butwiththeriseoffeminismtheassaultsonmen’smoralintegrityhavebecomemorefrequentandthebeliefintheirarroganceandlackofconcernforanythingbuttheirownselfishendshasbecomeatruism.It’sthemenwhoaregreedy.It’sthemenwhoaredisloyal.It’sthemenwhowilldoanythingformoney.It’sthemenwhoareimmature.Intheworldofsportmaleathletesarewhippingboysoftalkradio.TheyhavegracedthecoverofSportsIllustrateandontheinsidehavebeenspokenevilofforsinsamongthemgreeddisdainforthefanswhopaytheirunreasonablyhighsalariesandalackofrespectforthegamethatthefansloveandthathasmadethemrich.Femaleathletesontheotherhandhavebeenplacedonapedestal--butithasbeenaprettyeasyonetoclimb.Foronethingtherehasn’tbeenenoughmoneytogetgreedyabout.Foranothertherehaven’tbeenanyfans.Andforthirdthosewhodidn’tlovethegamehadabsolutelynoreasontokeepplaying.Butthankstotheriseofwomen’sbasketballfemalebasketballplayeraregoingtofindthem-selvestemptedbythesamevanitiesthathaveseducedsomanymen--andthoughweknowsomewillgiveinwedon’tknowhowmany.Forwomen’sbasketballtobecomeamajorsportinAmericaasopposedtoaprofitableonelikearenafootballsomethingisgoingtobeofferedotherthanjustpureskill.Thatsomethingshouldbeandinfactwillhavetobeadifferentattitudeapurersenseofsportthanthemendeliver.Itmaybeaskingtoomuchofwomentowithstandthetemptationsthathavesuckedmaleathletesintoprimadonnaposesbutthenagainitmaybetruethatwomenhaveoccupiedthehighmoralgroundforsolongbecausetheyactuallyaremoresensitivetowhat’simportantinthelongrun.Ihonestlydon’tknowhowthisdramawillplayoutbuttheprocesswilltellusaboutmorethanjustthefateofwomen’sbasketball.Ifwomenwhoaresteadilygainingmoreandmorecontrolinthisworldcantrulyrespondinamorereasonedwaytothepullofpowerthenthereishopeforthe21stcentury.Butifwomenasagendercandonobetterthanmenwhengiventhechancetheninbasketballasinlifewecanonlylookaheadtomoreofthesame. Themoralhighgroundhasalwaysbeenfemaleterritorybecause
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40PointsText1Nationalcharacteristicsarenoteasytopindownandwhenpinneddowntheyoftenturnouttobetrivialitiesorseemtohavenoconnectionwithoneanother.Spaniardsarecrueltoanimals;Italiancandonothingwithoutmakingadeafeningnoise;theChineseareaddictedtogambling.Obviouslysuchthingsdon’tmatterinthemselves.NeverthelessnothingiscauselessantieventhefactthatEnglishmenhavebadteethcantellonesomethingabouttherealitiesofEnglishlife.HereareacoupleofgeneralizationsaboutEnglandthatwouldbeacceptedbyalmostallobservers.OneisthattheEnglisharenotgiftedartistically.TheyarenotasmusicalastheGermansorItalians;paintingandsculpturehaveneverflourishedinEnglandastheyhaveinFrance.AnotheristhatasEuropeansgotheEnglisharenotintellectual.Theyhaveahorrorofabstractthought;theyfeelnoneedforanyphilosophyorsystematic‘world-view’.Noristhisbecausetheyare’practical’astheyaresofondofclaimingforthemselves.Onehasonlytolookattheirmethodsoftownplanningandwatersupplytheirobstinateclingingtoeverythingthatisoutofdateandanuisanceaspellingsystemthatdefiesanalysisandasystemofweightsandmeasuresthatisintelligibleonlytothecompilersofarithmeticbookstoseehowlittletheycareaboutmereefficiency.AnotherEnglishcharacteristicwhichissomuchapartofusthatwebarelynoticeitistheaddictiontohobbiesandspare-timeoccupationstheprivatenessofEnglishlife.Weareanationofflower-loversbutalsoanationofstamp-collectorspigeon-fanciersamateurcarpenterscoupon-snipersdarts-playerscrossword-puzzlefans.Alltheculturethatismosttrulynativecentersroundthingswhichevenwhentheyarecommunalarenotofficial--thepubthefootballmatchthebackgardenthefiresideandthe‘nicecupoftea’.Thelibertytheindividualisstillbelievedinalmostasinthenineteenthcentury.Butthishasnothingtodowitheconomiclibertytherighttoexploitothersforprofit.Itisthelibertytohaveahomeofyourowntodowhatyoulikeinyoursparetimetochooseyourownamusementsinsteadofhavingthemchosenforyoufromabove. WhatdoesthesentencenothingiscauselessandeventhefactthatEnglishmenhavebadteethcantellonesomethingabouttherealitiesofEnglishlife.Paragraph1imply
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsHealthcareisanextraordinarilyobsoletesystem.Aprofessorofemergencymedicineatmajoruniversitysentmeareallyheartbreaking1liesaidthatphysicianshavetostartfromthe2beginningwitheverypatient.Thereisnohistorynotimeto3--theyknownothingaboutthe4Wehaveinferiormedicalservice5thecomputertechnologythatcouldchangeitisnotbeingused.Thedifficultiesofjust6patientrecords--apartfromanalyzingthem7--areunnecessaryandhinderusfromproviding8service.Wehavetheopportunitytodosomewholesalerethinkingof9weprovidehealthcareandturnitintonotonlymedicalservicebutpreventivemaintenancethat10thepatientindecision-making.Wecanbeginthroughpilotanddemonstrationprojectsinhospitalsbydoctorsand11byprivatedoctorparticipation.Physicianscanshowpatientsthe12oftheiractionsandwhatthealternativesare.Technologies13multimediaandinteractivecomputerscan14patientsintheprivacyoftheirownhomestoaskquestionsaboutthese15.Othercountriesaremovingmuchmore16thantheUnitedStatesinmedicalinformation.ThecomputerizationandredesignofSweden’shealthdeliverysystemhasreducedthatnation’s17onthehealthcarefrom12%ofGNPtoalittleover7%.Morethanone-thirdofthepopulationoftheNether-landshastheirmedicalrecordscomputerized.18somehospitalsintheUnitedStateskeepcomputerizedpatient19theserecordsonlycoverthetimethepatientisinthehospitalanddonotincludetheir20medicalhistory. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10PointsChildrenaregettingsofatthattheymaybethefirstgenerationtodiebeforetheirparents.To-day’syoungstersarealreadyfallingpreytopotentialkillerssuchasdiabetesbecauseoftheirweight.46Fattyfast-fooddietscombinedwithsittinglifestylesdominatedbytelevisionsandcomputerscouldmeankidswilldietragicallyyoungsaysProfessorAndrewPrenticefromtheLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine.Atthesametimetheshapeofthehumanbodyisgoingthroughahugeevolutionaryshiftbecauseadultsaregettingsofat.HereinBritainlatestresearchshowsthattheaveragewaistsizeforamanis36-38inandmaybe42-44inby2032.Thiscompareswithonly32.6inin1972.Women’swaistshavegrownfromanaverageof22inin1920to24inintheFiftiesand30innow.Oneofthemajorreasonswhychildrennowareatgreaterriskisthatwearegettingfatteryounger.IntheUKalonemorethanonemillionunder-16sareclassedasoverweightorobese--doublethenumberinthemid-Eighties.Oneintenfour-year-oldsarealsomedicallyclassifiedasobese.Theobesitypandemic--anextensiveepidemic--whichstartedintheUShasnowspreadtoEuropeAustralasiaCentralAmericaandtheMiddleEast.47Manynationsnowrecordmorethan20percentoftheirpopulationasclinicallyfatandwelloverhalfthepopulationasoverweight.48Prof.Prenticesaidthechangeinourshapehasbeencausedbyanoversupplyofeasilyavailablehigh-energyfoodscombinedwithadramaticdropintheenergyweuseasaresultoftechnologydevelopments.Heisnotaloneinhisconcern.Onlylastweekonemedicaljournalrevealedhowobesitywasfuellingariseincancercases.Obesityalsoincreasestheriskfactorforstrokesandheartdiseaseaswellasdiabetes.49Anaveragelyoverweightperson’slifespanisshortenedbyaroundnineyearswhileaseverelyoverweightpersonbymanymore.Prof.Prenticesaid:"SowillparentsoutlivetheirchildrenasclaimedrecentlybyanAmericanobesityspecialistYeswhentheoffspringbecomegrosslyobese.ThisisnowbecominganalarminglycommonoccurrenceintheUS.50Suchchildrenandadolescentshaveagreatlyreducedqualityoflifeintermsofboththeirphysicalandpsychosocialhealth.SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger." Manynationsnowrecordmorethan20percentoftheirpopulationasclinicallyfatandwelloverhalfthepopulationasoverweight.
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsHealthcareisanextraordinarilyobsoletesystem.Aprofessorofemergencymedicineatmajoruniversitysentmeareallyheartbreaking1liesaidthatphysicianshavetostartfromthe2beginningwitheverypatient.Thereisnohistorynotimeto3--theyknownothingaboutthe4Wehaveinferiormedicalservice5thecomputertechnologythatcouldchangeitisnotbeingused.Thedifficultiesofjust6patientrecords--apartfromanalyzingthem7--areunnecessaryandhinderusfromproviding8service.Wehavetheopportunitytodosomewholesalerethinkingof9weprovidehealthcareandturnitintonotonlymedicalservicebutpreventivemaintenancethat10thepatientindecision-making.Wecanbeginthroughpilotanddemonstrationprojectsinhospitalsbydoctorsand11byprivatedoctorparticipation.Physicianscanshowpatientsthe12oftheiractionsandwhatthealternativesare.Technologies13multimediaandinteractivecomputerscan14patientsintheprivacyoftheirownhomestoaskquestionsaboutthese15.Othercountriesaremovingmuchmore16thantheUnitedStatesinmedicalinformation.ThecomputerizationandredesignofSweden’shealthdeliverysystemhasreducedthatnation’s17onthehealthcarefrom12%ofGNPtoalittleover7%.Morethanone-thirdofthepopulationoftheNether-landshastheirmedicalrecordscomputerized.18somehospitalsintheUnitedStateskeepcomputerizedpatient19theserecordsonlycoverthetimethepatientisinthehospitalanddonotincludetheir20medicalhistory. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
PartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Etofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10points [A]Sincewhitewasthecolourofthekindofparadise!somuchlongedtoliveinsomedaygreyleftbehindnothingmorethanabittertasteofemptinessanddepression.Icanrememberhownoticedoncethatanyothercolourmustbeasymbolforsomethingafeelingorwhatever.Onlygreyseemedtostandforabsolutelynothing.ThiswastheworldIlivedinandsodidhe. [B]Iusedtoworkinamechanicalwayfollowingthesamerhythmoverandoveragainandsodidhe.ButeverytimeIwasabouttogiveuphewouldlifthisheadandgivemealittlesmileasifhecouldguessmythoughts.Ithinkitwasactuallyhiseyesthatimpressedmemost.TheyweresodarkandstraightandthoughtheyseemstobehidinganythingIcouldn’tgetridoftheimpressionthatsomehowhemustbehidingsomething. [C]Thosedaysweremorethanhardforallofus.Thereseemedtobenowaytoescapefromthegreynessofoureverydaylifewhichwastheonlycolourthatsurroundedus.Thehugeconcreteblockswelivedinwasgreythegreyofthefactorydusteventhecolourofourclothesthatoncemighthavebeenwhitewasgrey.Itmusthavebeenabrightandshiningwhite..andIcan’texactlyrecallhowmuchtimeIspenttryingtoimaginethekindofwhiteitmighthavebeen. [D]Welltomakealongstoryshorthediedonlyayearafterhestartedworkingwithus.Itwasacaraccidentandhedidn’thavetosufferverylong.IwenttohisfuneralandtheonlypersonImettherewasanoldladymaybehismother.Shetoldmethathehadlosthisfamilyjusttheyearbeforeandafterthathedidn’tspeakanymore.Hehadn’tsaidasingleword.FirstIdidn’tbelieveher.Ijustthoughtthathewasafairlyquietperson;besidestherewasnothingmuchtosayanyway.ButsuddenlyIrealizedthatIcouldn’trecalleverhavingheardhisvoiceatall.OnlythendidIrealizeit! [E]Havingourjobinthefactorywasstillluxurythoughconsideringthefactthatmostofushadfamiliestofeed.AndnotlongafterhestartedtoworkthereIwouldalwaysfindhimworkingatthemachinenexttomine.We’dworkforhoursnexttoeachotherstayingquietwithourthoughtsdriftingawaytoadifferentplacebutstillawareofourhandsdoingthesamemove-mentsoverandoveragain.Weweredoingthatuntilthebellwouldringtoendtheworkfortheday [F]HegavemesomuchandIknewsolittleabouthim.HehadbeenmyfriendandnowIhadlosthimwithouthavinghadthechancetogiveanythingback.Hehadbeensostrongthathewasa-bletogivewhateverhadhappened.Ifeltweakandguiltyinthosedays.ButafterthatIstartedtocareforthepeoplearoundme.IthinkIstartedtolive. [G]Hewasn’taguyofbigwordsandheseemedtoliveentirelyinhisownworld.IrememberthatduringthedaysheworkedwithusnoneofusexactlyknewwhohewaswherehecamefromorWhathewaslookingforandafterwardshedisappeared.Nobodyknewwherehehadgonewhathewasdoingorifhehadfriendsorafamilytostaywith.Iguesswedidn’tevenknowhisname--andevenifwedidI’veforgottenitanyway. 41
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsHealthcareisanextraordinarilyobsoletesystem.Aprofessorofemergencymedicineatmajoruniversitysentmeareallyheartbreaking1liesaidthatphysicianshavetostartfromthe2beginningwitheverypatient.Thereisnohistorynotimeto3--theyknownothingaboutthe4Wehaveinferiormedicalservice5thecomputertechnologythatcouldchangeitisnotbeingused.Thedifficultiesofjust6patientrecords--apartfromanalyzingthem7--areunnecessaryandhinderusfromproviding8service.Wehavetheopportunitytodosomewholesalerethinkingof9weprovidehealthcareandturnitintonotonlymedicalservicebutpreventivemaintenancethat10thepatientindecision-making.Wecanbeginthroughpilotanddemonstrationprojectsinhospitalsbydoctorsand11byprivatedoctorparticipation.Physicianscanshowpatientsthe12oftheiractionsandwhatthealternativesare.Technologies13multimediaandinteractivecomputerscan14patientsintheprivacyoftheirownhomestoaskquestionsaboutthese15.Othercountriesaremovingmuchmore16thantheUnitedStatesinmedicalinformation.ThecomputerizationandredesignofSweden’shealthdeliverysystemhasreducedthatnation’s17onthehealthcarefrom12%ofGNPtoalittleover7%.Morethanone-thirdofthepopulationoftheNether-landshastheirmedicalrecordscomputerized.18somehospitalsintheUnitedStateskeepcomputerizedpatient19theserecordsonlycoverthetimethepatientisinthehospitalanddonotincludetheir20medicalhistory. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
Thehumanbraincandoalotofwonderfulthings;manyoftheminclude1masteryofcomplexfeedbacksystemswithlong2Forexampleconsiderhowdifficultraisingachildtrulyis.Manyfactorsare3includingthenutritionalphysicalemotionalandmentalconditionofthechildandthefeedbackofthesefactors4thebehaviorofthoseinvolvedinraisingthechild.To5mattersmanyoftheresponsesofthechild/parentsystemtakeyearsto6themselves.Yetbillionsofparentshavesomehow7tofeedclotheprotectnurturehealteachandlovetheirchildren8successfuladulthood. 9allourintuitivesophisticationindealingwithcomplicatedsituationsit’’sa10toseehowpoorlywedealwithsomenewersystemsmostof11broughtaboutbytechnology. BothraisingchildrenandprotectingEarth’’slife-supportsystemsare12oflifeanddeath;inthelongtermtheyareequallyimportant.But13ourbrainsseemfairlywellpreparedforthelong-termprocessofraisingkidsweseemtohave14built-inskillfortakingcareoftheenvironmentthatsupportsusanychildrenwemighthaveandallother15.Itseemsthatthethinkingpartsofourbrainscan’’tdealwithcomplicatedsystemsandtheirlong-term16andthe17partsofourbrainsthatcandealwithcomplexsystemsdon’’thelpusmuchoutsideoftheir18areas.Oneofthegoalsofsystemsscienceistousemathandcomputerstohelppeoplegetbetter19takingcareofEarth’’slife-supportsystems.Thetaskinvolvesteachingourthinkingbrainsabout20complicatedsystemswork. Thehumanbraincandoalotofwonderfulthings;manyoftheminclude1masteryofcomplexfeedbacksystemswithlong2Forexampleconsiderhowdifficultraisingachildtrulyis.Manyfactorsare3includingthenutritionalphysicalemotionalandmentalconditionofthechildandthefeedbackofthesefactors4thebehaviorofthoseinvolvedinraisingthechild.To5mattersmanyoftheresponsesofthechild/parentsystemtakeyearsto6themselves.Yetbillionsofparentshavesomehow7tofeedclotheprotectnurturehealteachandlovetheirchildren8successfuladulthood. 9allourintuitivesophisticationindealingwithcomplicatedsituationsit’’sa10toseehowpoorlywedealwithsomenewersystemsmostof11broughtaboutbytechnology. BothraisingchildrenandprotectingEarth’’slife-supportsystemsare12oflifeanddeath;inthelongtermtheyareequallyimportant.But13ourbrainsseemfairlywellpreparedforthelong-termprocessofraisingkidsweseemtohave14built-inskillfortakingcareoftheenvironmentthatsupportsusanychildrenwemighthaveandallother15.Itseemsthatthethinkingpartsofourbrainscan’’tdealwithcomplicatedsystemsandtheirlong-term16andthe17partsofourbrainsthatcandealwithcomplexsystemsdon’’thelpusmuchoutsideoftheir18areas.Oneofthegoalsofsystemsscienceistousemathandcomputerstohelppeoplegetbetter19takingcareofEarth’’slife-supportsystems.Thetaskinvolvesteachingourthinkingbrainsabout20complicatedsystemswork.
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsHealthcareisanextraordinarilyobsoletesystem.Aprofessorofemergencymedicineatmajoruniversitysentmeareallyheartbreaking1liesaidthatphysicianshavetostartfromthe2beginningwitheverypatient.Thereisnohistorynotimeto3--theyknownothingaboutthe4Wehaveinferiormedicalservice5thecomputertechnologythatcouldchangeitisnotbeingused.Thedifficultiesofjust6patientrecords--apartfromanalyzingthem7--areunnecessaryandhinderusfromproviding8service.Wehavetheopportunitytodosomewholesalerethinkingof9weprovidehealthcareandturnitintonotonlymedicalservicebutpreventivemaintenancethat10thepatientindecision-making.Wecanbeginthroughpilotanddemonstrationprojectsinhospitalsbydoctorsand11byprivatedoctorparticipation.Physicianscanshowpatientsthe12oftheiractionsandwhatthealternativesare.Technologies13multimediaandinteractivecomputerscan14patientsintheprivacyoftheirownhomestoaskquestionsaboutthese15.Othercountriesaremovingmuchmore16thantheUnitedStatesinmedicalinformation.ThecomputerizationandredesignofSweden’shealthdeliverysystemhasreducedthatnation’s17onthehealthcarefrom12%ofGNPtoalittleover7%.Morethanone-thirdofthepopulationoftheNether-landshastheirmedicalrecordscomputerized.18somehospitalsintheUnitedStateskeepcomputerizedpatient19theserecordsonlycoverthetimethepatientisinthehospitalanddonotincludetheir20medicalhistory. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
Text3PotentialAIDSvictimswhorefusetobetestedforthediseaseandthendefendtheirrighttoremainignorantaboutwhethertheycarrythevirusareentitledtothatright.Butignorancecannotbeusedtorationalizeirresponsibility.Nowhereintheirargumentistheirconcernabouthowsuchignorancemightendangerpublichealthbyexposingotherstothevirus.Whenadiseaseselectivelyattacksthesociallydisadvantagedsuchashomosexualsanddrugabusersitseemsaninjusticebeyondrationalization.Suchisthecasewithacquiredimmunedeficiencysyndrome.Somecrucialfacts:AIDSisacommunicabledisease.ThepercentageofthoseinfectedwiththeAIDSviruswhowilleventuallycontractthediseaseisunknownbutthatpercentageriseswitheachnewestimate.Thediseasesofarhasbeen100potential.Thelatencyperiodbetweenthetimethevirusisacquiredandthediseasedevelopsisalsounknown.Wenowhavetestsforthepresenceofthevirusthatisasefficientandreliableasalmostanydiagnostictestinmedicine.Anindividualwhotestspositivecanbepresumedwithnear-certaintytocarrytheviruswhetherhehasthediseaseornot.TostatethatthetestforAIDSis"ambiguous"asaclergymanrecentlyinpublicisamisstatementandanimmoralact.Thetestcorrelatessoconsistentlywiththepresenceofthevirusinbacteriaculturesastobeconsidered100percentcertainbyexperts.EveryonewhotestspositivemustunderstandthatheisapotentialpersonfortheAIDSvirusandhasamoraldutyandresponsibilitytopreventothersfrominfection.Wearenotjustdealingwiththeprotectionoftheinnocentbutwithanessentialsteplocontainthespreadofanepidemicashorribleasanythathasbefallenmodernman.Itmayseemunfairtoburdenthetragicvictimswithconcernforthewelfareofothers.Butmoralresponsibilityisnotaluxuryofthefortunateandevilactionscommittedindespaircannotbecondemnedoutofpity.ItismorallywrongforahealthyindividualwhotestspositiveforAIDStobeinvolvedwithanyoneexceptunderthestrictprecautionsnowdefinedassafesex.Itismorallywrongforsomeoneinahighriskpopulationwhorefusestotesthimselftodootherthantoassumethathetestspositive.Itismorallywrongforthosewhooutofsympathyfortheheartbreakingvictimsofthisepidemicasthoughwell-wishingandplatitudesabouttheambiguitiesofthediseasearenecessaryinordertocomfortthevictimswhiletheycontributetoenlargingthenumberofthosevictims.Moralresponsibilityistheburdenofthesickaswellasthehealthy. Thelastthreesentencesinthepassageserveto
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40PointsText1Nationalcharacteristicsarenoteasytopindownandwhenpinneddowntheyoftenturnouttobetrivialitiesorseemtohavenoconnectionwithoneanother.Spaniardsarecrueltoanimals;Italiancandonothingwithoutmakingadeafeningnoise;theChineseareaddictedtogambling.Obviouslysuchthingsdon’tmatterinthemselves.NeverthelessnothingiscauselessantieventhefactthatEnglishmenhavebadteethcantellonesomethingabouttherealitiesofEnglishlife.HereareacoupleofgeneralizationsaboutEnglandthatwouldbeacceptedbyalmostallobservers.OneisthattheEnglisharenotgiftedartistically.TheyarenotasmusicalastheGermansorItalians;paintingandsculpturehaveneverflourishedinEnglandastheyhaveinFrance.AnotheristhatasEuropeansgotheEnglisharenotintellectual.Theyhaveahorrorofabstractthought;theyfeelnoneedforanyphilosophyorsystematic‘world-view’.Noristhisbecausetheyare’practical’astheyaresofondofclaimingforthemselves.Onehasonlytolookattheirmethodsoftownplanningandwatersupplytheirobstinateclingingtoeverythingthatisoutofdateandanuisanceaspellingsystemthatdefiesanalysisandasystemofweightsandmeasuresthatisintelligibleonlytothecompilersofarithmeticbookstoseehowlittletheycareaboutmereefficiency.AnotherEnglishcharacteristicwhichissomuchapartofusthatwebarelynoticeitistheaddictiontohobbiesandspare-timeoccupationstheprivatenessofEnglishlife.Weareanationofflower-loversbutalsoanationofstamp-collectorspigeon-fanciersamateurcarpenterscoupon-snipersdarts-playerscrossword-puzzlefans.Alltheculturethatismosttrulynativecentersroundthingswhichevenwhentheyarecommunalarenotofficial--thepubthefootballmatchthebackgardenthefiresideandthe‘nicecupoftea’.Thelibertytheindividualisstillbelievedinalmostasinthenineteenthcentury.Butthishasnothingtodowitheconomiclibertytherighttoexploitothersforprofit.Itisthelibertytohaveahomeofyourowntodowhatyoulikeinyoursparetimetochooseyourownamusementsinsteadofhavingthemchosenforyoufromabove. AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisEnglishmen’scharacteristic
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10PointsChildrenaregettingsofatthattheymaybethefirstgenerationtodiebeforetheirparents.To-day’syoungstersarealreadyfallingpreytopotentialkillerssuchasdiabetesbecauseoftheirweight.46Fattyfast-fooddietscombinedwithsittinglifestylesdominatedbytelevisionsandcomputerscouldmeankidswilldietragicallyyoungsaysProfessorAndrewPrenticefromtheLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine.Atthesametimetheshapeofthehumanbodyisgoingthroughahugeevolutionaryshiftbecauseadultsaregettingsofat.HereinBritainlatestresearchshowsthattheaveragewaistsizeforamanis36-38inandmaybe42-44inby2032.Thiscompareswithonly32.6inin1972.Women’swaistshavegrownfromanaverageof22inin1920to24inintheFiftiesand30innow.Oneofthemajorreasonswhychildrennowareatgreaterriskisthatwearegettingfatteryounger.IntheUKalonemorethanonemillionunder-16sareclassedasoverweightorobese--doublethenumberinthemid-Eighties.Oneintenfour-year-oldsarealsomedicallyclassifiedasobese.Theobesitypandemic--anextensiveepidemic--whichstartedintheUShasnowspreadtoEuropeAustralasiaCentralAmericaandtheMiddleEast.47Manynationsnowrecordmorethan20percentoftheirpopulationasclinicallyfatandwelloverhalfthepopulationasoverweight.48Prof.Prenticesaidthechangeinourshapehasbeencausedbyanoversupplyofeasilyavailablehigh-energyfoodscombinedwithadramaticdropintheenergyweuseasaresultoftechnologydevelopments.Heisnotaloneinhisconcern.Onlylastweekonemedicaljournalrevealedhowobesitywasfuellingariseincancercases.Obesityalsoincreasestheriskfactorforstrokesandheartdiseaseaswellasdiabetes.49Anaveragelyoverweightperson’slifespanisshortenedbyaroundnineyearswhileaseverelyoverweightpersonbymanymore.Prof.Prenticesaid:"SowillparentsoutlivetheirchildrenasclaimedrecentlybyanAmericanobesityspecialistYeswhentheoffspringbecomegrosslyobese.ThisisnowbecominganalarminglycommonoccurrenceintheUS.50Suchchildrenandadolescentshaveagreatlyreducedqualityoflifeintermsofboththeirphysicalandpsychosocialhealth.SosayNotothatdoughnutandburger." Anaveragelyoverweightperson’slifespanisshortenedbyaroundnineyearswhileaseverelyoverweightpersonbymanymore.
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsHealthcareisanextraordinarilyobsoletesystem.Aprofessorofemergencymedicineatmajoruniversitysentmeareallyheartbreaking1liesaidthatphysicianshavetostartfromthe2beginningwitheverypatient.Thereisnohistorynotimeto3--theyknownothingaboutthe4Wehaveinferiormedicalservice5thecomputertechnologythatcouldchangeitisnotbeingused.Thedifficultiesofjust6patientrecords--apartfromanalyzingthem7--areunnecessaryandhinderusfromproviding8service.Wehavetheopportunitytodosomewholesalerethinkingof9weprovidehealthcareandturnitintonotonlymedicalservicebutpreventivemaintenancethat10thepatientindecision-making.Wecanbeginthroughpilotanddemonstrationprojectsinhospitalsbydoctorsand11byprivatedoctorparticipation.Physicianscanshowpatientsthe12oftheiractionsandwhatthealternativesare.Technologies13multimediaandinteractivecomputerscan14patientsintheprivacyoftheirownhomestoaskquestionsaboutthese15.Othercountriesaremovingmuchmore16thantheUnitedStatesinmedicalinformation.ThecomputerizationandredesignofSweden’shealthdeliverysystemhasreducedthatnation’s17onthehealthcarefrom12%ofGNPtoalittleover7%.Morethanone-thirdofthepopulationoftheNether-landshastheirmedicalrecordscomputerized.18somehospitalsintheUnitedStateskeepcomputerizedpatient19theserecordsonlycoverthetimethepatientisinthehospitalanddonotincludetheir20medicalhistory. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsHealthcareisanextraordinarilyobsoletesystem.Aprofessorofemergencymedicineatmajoruniversitysentmeareallyheartbreaking1liesaidthatphysicianshavetostartfromthe2beginningwitheverypatient.Thereisnohistorynotimeto3--theyknownothingaboutthe4Wehaveinferiormedicalservice5thecomputertechnologythatcouldchangeitisnotbeingused.Thedifficultiesofjust6patientrecords--apartfromanalyzingthem7--areunnecessaryandhinderusfromproviding8service.Wehavetheopportunitytodosomewholesalerethinkingof9weprovidehealthcareandturnitintonotonlymedicalservicebutpreventivemaintenancethat10thepatientindecision-making.Wecanbeginthroughpilotanddemonstrationprojectsinhospitalsbydoctorsand11byprivatedoctorparticipation.Physicianscanshowpatientsthe12oftheiractionsandwhatthealternativesare.Technologies13multimediaandinteractivecomputerscan14patientsintheprivacyoftheirownhomestoaskquestionsaboutthese15.Othercountriesaremovingmuchmore16thantheUnitedStatesinmedicalinformation.ThecomputerizationandredesignofSweden’shealthdeliverysystemhasreducedthatnation’s17onthehealthcarefrom12%ofGNPtoalittleover7%.Morethanone-thirdofthepopulationoftheNether-landshastheirmedicalrecordscomputerized.18somehospitalsintheUnitedStateskeepcomputerizedpatient19theserecordsonlycoverthetimethepatientisinthehospitalanddonotincludetheir20medicalhistory. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
Text3PotentialAIDSvictimswhorefusetobetestedforthediseaseandthendefendtheirrighttoremainignorantaboutwhethertheycarrythevirusareentitledtothatright.Butignorancecannotbeusedtorationalizeirresponsibility.Nowhereintheirargumentistheirconcernabouthowsuchignorancemightendangerpublichealthbyexposingotherstothevirus.Whenadiseaseselectivelyattacksthesociallydisadvantagedsuchashomosexualsanddrugabusersitseemsaninjusticebeyondrationalization.Suchisthecasewithacquiredimmunedeficiencysyndrome.Somecrucialfacts:AIDSisacommunicabledisease.ThepercentageofthoseinfectedwiththeAIDSviruswhowilleventuallycontractthediseaseisunknownbutthatpercentageriseswitheachnewestimate.Thediseasesofarhasbeen100potential.Thelatencyperiodbetweenthetimethevirusisacquiredandthediseasedevelopsisalsounknown.Wenowhavetestsforthepresenceofthevirusthatisasefficientandreliableasalmostanydiagnostictestinmedicine.Anindividualwhotestspositivecanbepresumedwithnear-certaintytocarrytheviruswhetherhehasthediseaseornot.TostatethatthetestforAIDSis"ambiguous"asaclergymanrecentlyinpublicisamisstatementandanimmoralact.Thetestcorrelatessoconsistentlywiththepresenceofthevirusinbacteriaculturesastobeconsidered100percentcertainbyexperts.EveryonewhotestspositivemustunderstandthatheisapotentialpersonfortheAIDSvirusandhasamoraldutyandresponsibilitytopreventothersfrominfection.Wearenotjustdealingwiththeprotectionoftheinnocentbutwithanessentialsteplocontainthespreadofanepidemicashorribleasanythathasbefallenmodernman.Itmayseemunfairtoburdenthetragicvictimswithconcernforthewelfareofothers.Butmoralresponsibilityisnotaluxuryofthefortunateandevilactionscommittedindespaircannotbecondemnedoutofpity.ItismorallywrongforahealthyindividualwhotestspositiveforAIDStobeinvolvedwithanyoneexceptunderthestrictprecautionsnowdefinedassafesex.Itismorallywrongforsomeoneinahighriskpopulationwhorefusestotesthimselftodootherthantoassumethathetestspositive.Itismorallywrongforthosewhooutofsympathyfortheheartbreakingvictimsofthisepidemicasthoughwell-wishingandplatitudesabouttheambiguitiesofthediseasearenecessaryinordertocomfortthevictimswhiletheycontributetoenlargingthenumberofthosevictims.Moralresponsibilityistheburdenofthesickaswellasthehealthy. Inthepassagetheauthorintendstotellusthat
Thehumanbraincandoalotofwonderfulthings;manyoftheminclude1masteryofcomplexfeedbacksystemswithlong2Forexampleconsiderhowdifficultraisingachildtrulyis.Manyfactorsare3includingthenutritionalphysicalemotionalandmentalconditionofthechildandthefeedbackofthesefactors4thebehaviorofthoseinvolvedinraisingthechild.To5mattersmanyoftheresponsesofthechild/parentsystemtakeyearsto6themselves.Yetbillionsofparentshavesomehow7tofeedclotheprotectnurturehealteachandlovetheirchildren8successfuladulthood. 9allourintuitivesophisticationindealingwithcomplicatedsituationsit’’sa10toseehowpoorlywedealwithsomenewersystemsmostof11broughtaboutbytechnology. BothraisingchildrenandprotectingEarth’’slife-supportsystemsare12oflifeanddeath;inthelongtermtheyareequallyimportant.But13ourbrainsseemfairlywellpreparedforthelong-termprocessofraisingkidsweseemtohave14built-inskillfortakingcareoftheenvironmentthatsupportsusanychildrenwemighthaveandallother15.Itseemsthatthethinkingpartsofourbrainscan’’tdealwithcomplicatedsystemsandtheirlong-term16andthe17partsofourbrainsthatcandealwithcomplexsystemsdon’’thelpusmuchoutsideoftheir18areas.Oneofthegoalsofsystemsscienceistousemathandcomputerstohelppeoplegetbetter19takingcareofEarth’’slife-supportsystems.Thetaskinvolvesteachingourthinkingbrainsabout20complicatedsystemswork.
Text2Themoralhighgroundhasalwaysbeenfemaleterritory.Menafteralllieandcheatandrobandpollutetheenvironmentanddisproportionatelypopulatetheprisonswhilewomendotheirbesttoappreciatetheirgoodqualities.Somewomenatleast.Butwiththeriseoffeminismtheassaultsonmen’smoralintegrityhavebecomemorefrequentandthebeliefintheirarroganceandlackofconcernforanythingbuttheirownselfishendshasbecomeatruism.It’sthemenwhoaregreedy.It’sthemenwhoaredisloyal.It’sthemenwhowilldoanythingformoney.It’sthemenwhoareimmature.Intheworldofsportmaleathletesarewhippingboysoftalkradio.TheyhavegracedthecoverofSportsIllustrateandontheinsidehavebeenspokenevilofforsinsamongthemgreeddisdainforthefanswhopaytheirunreasonablyhighsalariesandalackofrespectforthegamethatthefansloveandthathasmadethemrich.Femaleathletesontheotherhandhavebeenplacedonapedestal--butithasbeenaprettyeasyonetoclimb.Foronethingtherehasn’tbeenenoughmoneytogetgreedyabout.Foranothertherehaven’tbeenanyfans.Andforthirdthosewhodidn’tlovethegamehadabsolutelynoreasontokeepplaying.Butthankstotheriseofwomen’sbasketballfemalebasketballplayeraregoingtofindthem-selvestemptedbythesamevanitiesthathaveseducedsomanymen--andthoughweknowsomewillgiveinwedon’tknowhowmany.Forwomen’sbasketballtobecomeamajorsportinAmericaasopposedtoaprofitableonelikearenafootballsomethingisgoingtobeofferedotherthanjustpureskill.Thatsomethingshouldbeandinfactwillhavetobeadifferentattitudeapurersenseofsportthanthemendeliver.Itmaybeaskingtoomuchofwomentowithstandthetemptationsthathavesuckedmaleathletesintoprimadonnaposesbutthenagainitmaybetruethatwomenhaveoccupiedthehighmoralgroundforsolongbecausetheyactuallyaremoresensitivetowhat’simportantinthelongrun.Ihonestlydon’tknowhowthisdramawillplayoutbuttheprocesswilltellusaboutmorethanjustthefateofwomen’sbasketball.Ifwomenwhoaresteadilygainingmoreandmorecontrolinthisworldcantrulyrespondinamorereasonedwaytothepullofpowerthenthereishopeforthe21stcentury.Butifwomenasagendercandonobetterthanmenwhengiventhechancetheninbasketballasinlifewecanonlylookaheadtomoreofthesame. Womenhaveoccupiedthehighmoralgroundforsolongbecause
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